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高考英语定语从句课件
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这是一份高考英语定语从句课件，共30页。PPT课件主要包含了知识准备，用关系副词和关系代词，注意事项等内容，欢迎下载使用。
什么是定语： 用来修饰名词或代词的词、短语、从句。.
4.定语 修饰和限定名词和代词的词。通常由形容词，代词(多为形容词性物主代词），数词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词和从句（定语从句）来担当。 a kind girl, a bk n the desk I have hmewrk t finish. the fallen leaves the by wh is very smart
He was hlding nt a tree that grew against the wall.
主句: He was hlding nt a tree.从句：A tree grew against the wall.
定语从句相当于一个形容词，跟在名词或代词后修饰该名词或代词。1. 被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。2. 引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 关系代词：wh, whm(作宾语成分）, whse, that, which 关系副词：when（时间）, where（地点）,why（原因）
名词/代词 + 定语从句
关系代词和关系副词的作用：1、引导作用 2、替代作用3、在定语从句中担当某个成分的作用Eg: 1.Thse wh want t g please shuld be ready.2. Bill, wh was my student , asked me questins.
关系词引导定语从句，同时指代先行词在 定语从句中充当的成分 所以先行词在定语从句中不再出现,也不用其他词代替
Bill is a by wh I teach him.
关系副词引导定语从句时，既引导定语从句，又在定语从句中充当状语。不能省略.关系副词可转化为介词+关系代词结构。1、When指时间，在定语从句中充当时间状语。 He tld me the date when(n which) he jined the Party.2、Where指地点，在定语从句中充当地点状语。 This is the place where(in which) we lived ten years ag.3、Why指原因，在定语从句中充当原因状语。 I knw the reasn why(fr which) she was s angry.
1.This is the park (that )we visited last year. This is the park where we held a birthday wn’t frget the days (that )she spent n the island. She wn’t frget the days when they stayed tgether.
关系副词when, where和关系代词that, which的区分。
同样是修饰一个地点，有时使用where，有时使用that/which；同样是修饰一个时间，有时使用when， 有时使用that/which。这主要看两点：一：先行词在从句中所作成分；二：是定语从句中的谓语动词是否是一个及物动词。
（1）This is the factry ________ I visited last year. （2）This is the factry _______ I wrked last year. （3）This is the factry _______ prduces all kinds f TV sets.
where B. which C. whm D. whse以上三个句子只有细微的差别，但答案却不同：做这种题时，要通过还原先行词,看先行词在定语从句中所充当的成分；1）中是动宾关系，即I visited the factry.因此选which2）中factry应在定语从句中作地点状语，即：I wrked in the factry，因此选where。3）中是作定语从句中的主语，即: the factry prduces all kinds …不作地点状语，因此选which
(1)Hangzhu is the place ______ I went last summer.2) He read the bk ______ his sister had tld him abut.3) The reasn ______ Peter is s happy is that he passed the exam.4) I remember the day ______ my father died. I was nly ten years ld at that time.5) Please give me the reasn ______ yu were late this time.6) I will g back t the place ______ I grew up and live there frever.
Why/ fr which
which/that/ x
When/n which
Where/in which
二.关系代词前介词的确定
1.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系，请体会：
This is the car ____which I bught last year.
This is the car ____which I paid 100$.This is the car ____which I spent 100$.This is the car ____which I g t wrk every day.This is the car ______ which I can’t g t wrk.This is the car ____which the ld man was kncked dwnThis is the car ____which a by threw a stne.This is the car ____which we talked .This is the car ____which the windw was brken
2. 根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配，如：e.g. Can yu explain t me hw t use these idims with which I’m nt familiar.3. 根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会：e.g. 1949 was the year in which the was funded.
The bk __________ I heard was written 20 years ag.The peple __________ the man spke weren’t listening.The film __________ I fell asleep was very bring.The pen __________ she wrte that bk can nw be seen in a museum.The little creature __________ scientists are interested is knwn as ET.The gun __________ he was sht was never fund.
三.Whse引起从句可转换为“ f +关系代词”型，即 the+ n + f +which/whm 如：e.g. They live in a huse, whse dr pens t the suth.They lived in a huse, f which the dr pens t the suth. They lived in a huse, the dr f which pen t the suth.
四.限制和非限制性定语从句: restrictive attributive clause(无逗号) nn- restrictive attributive clause(有逗号)
.Xi hua wh I met acrss in the street a few days ag has gne abrad. Xi hua ,wh I met acrss in the street a few days ag has gne abrad.
五.一般说来,定语从句总是紧跟在先行词的后面,但有时候定语从句与先行词之间被其他成分分隔开来,这样的句子叫分隔定语从句.There are thusands f stars in the sky that are like ur sun.The days are gne when we suffered s much.Carl still remembers ne afternn in his first year when the prfessr tk the students t the chemistry lab.
六、由as引导的定语从句
as可作为关系代词来引导定语从句。such … as…“像……一样的”，“像……之类” the same…as…“和……同样的 在这两个句型中，as是关系代词，其中such&same做定语，修饰主句的名词、代词，这个名词是这个定语从句的先行词，as在从句中担任主、宾、表。例如：This is the same thing as we are in need f. Such peple as yu say are shrt nw.
2. …such as… such为代词，意思为”这样的人/物“，as修饰先行词such。 例如：This bk is nt such as I hpe.3. the same…as… “和…同样的 “ the same… that… “同一个” 来引导定语从句。意思几乎相同。但从句中省去谓语时必须用as. 例如:She is the same age as yu (that yu are.) This is the same pen that I lst yesterday.4. …,as… “这些”，“正如…” as引导非限定性定语从句，相当于which引导的非限定性定语从句，有时可互换。例如：He is frm Beijing, as/which they knw frm the way he speaks.
一.that和which
以下情况，引导词用that，不用which1. 先行词为不定代词或被不定代词所修饰everything，little，much，all，anything，nthing, Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stlen.2. 先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词修饰时，用that。e.g. This is the best bk (that) I’ve ever read.
3. 先行词被the nly，the very，the last 修饰时，用that。 is the nly persn that I want t see nw.4. 先行词同时指人和指物时，用that。e.g. We talked abut the things and persns that we saw then.5. 在wh, which引导的特殊疑问句中, 定语从句中避免重复,一般也只用that; e.g. Wh is the man that is crying?6.关系代词在从句中做表语，用 that.He desn’ seem t the man (that)he was.7.在 there be结构中用 thatThere is a new type f shes that yumight be fnd f
This is the huse in which Luxun nce lived. in that
The Changjiang River, which is the lngest river in China, runs frm west t east int the sea. (that)
* 介词后面和逗号后面不用that
二.以下情况常用which而不用that
(3）先行词是指物的that,thse She fund that which he lked fr.
(2)引导非限制性定语从句时
(1)关系代词作介词宾语时
1.Anyne wh breaks the law is wh break the law are wh breaks the law is wh has nt been t the Great Wall is nt a true man.
三 在, anyne, thse, he,that,yu,they 作先行词时(指人）, 用”wh” 不用 “that”.
1. Which.as引导非限定语从句的不同：as引导非限定语从句可以放在句首，句中，或主句后面； which引导非限定语从句放在主句后面 Eg:As is knwn t all,Taiwan belngs t China. Mary was late again ,which made the teacher angry.2. as引导非限定语从句有“正如”“ 正象”之义，而 which 没有,常见的结构有：As we all knw,as everybdy can see, as is knwn t all, as is said abve… Paper, as we all knw,was first made in China.
1. what不引导定语从句.what=all that I want t give yu what I have.(宾语从句）2. 先行词被the same 修饰时，关系代词既可用that, 也可用as.但意义不同，前者表示“同一的”，后者表示“同样的”。3. 关系副词when/where/why其含义相当于n which/in which/fr which等可交替使用。如：The day when/n which I met him first was May 1st.4.当先行词为专有名词或整个句子是世界上独一无二的名词时，一般用非限定性定语从句修饰。 例如：The sun, which gives us light, is very big.
5. way 后面定语从句： Please prnunce the wrd the way she des. I admire the way in which(that) the teacher gave his lessns.6. 含有定语从句的强调句：Was it in the reading-rm where Kate met yu that yu read the magazine?It was in the lab which was in the charge f him that they did the experiment
定语从句与同位语从句的不同：1.定语从句的先行词由名词和代词构成同位语从句的先行词由抽象名词构成。Thse wh want t g please sign their names here.We express the hpe that they will cme t visit China again.2.定语从句修饰先行词，同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容。
I gt the news that (which) made me angry yesterday. I gt the news that it is likely t rain. The truth that the earth mves arund the sun is knwn t all. 定语从句由关系代词关系副词来引导，同位语从句由that,有时也用when ,where, whether来引导 That’s my suggestin that the by shuld study hard.
什么是定语： 用来修饰名词或代词的词、短语、从句。.
4.定语 修饰和限定名词和代词的词。通常由形容词，代词(多为形容词性物主代词），数词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词和从句（定语从句）来担当。 a kind girl, a bk n the desk I have hmewrk t finish. the fallen leaves the by wh is very smart
He was hlding nt a tree that grew against the wall.
主句: He was hlding nt a tree.从句：A tree grew against the wall.
定语从句相当于一个形容词，跟在名词或代词后修饰该名词或代词。1. 被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。2. 引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 关系代词：wh, whm(作宾语成分）, whse, that, which 关系副词：when（时间）, where（地点）,why（原因）
名词/代词 + 定语从句
关系代词和关系副词的作用：1、引导作用 2、替代作用3、在定语从句中担当某个成分的作用Eg: 1.Thse wh want t g please shuld be ready.2. Bill, wh was my student , asked me questins.
关系词引导定语从句，同时指代先行词在 定语从句中充当的成分 所以先行词在定语从句中不再出现,也不用其他词代替
Bill is a by wh I teach him.
关系副词引导定语从句时，既引导定语从句，又在定语从句中充当状语。不能省略.关系副词可转化为介词+关系代词结构。1、When指时间，在定语从句中充当时间状语。 He tld me the date when(n which) he jined the Party.2、Where指地点，在定语从句中充当地点状语。 This is the place where(in which) we lived ten years ag.3、Why指原因，在定语从句中充当原因状语。 I knw the reasn why(fr which) she was s angry.
1.This is the park (that )we visited last year. This is the park where we held a birthday wn’t frget the days (that )she spent n the island. She wn’t frget the days when they stayed tgether.
关系副词when, where和关系代词that, which的区分。
同样是修饰一个地点，有时使用where，有时使用that/which；同样是修饰一个时间，有时使用when， 有时使用that/which。这主要看两点：一：先行词在从句中所作成分；二：是定语从句中的谓语动词是否是一个及物动词。
（1）This is the factry ________ I visited last year. （2）This is the factry _______ I wrked last year. （3）This is the factry _______ prduces all kinds f TV sets.
where B. which C. whm D. whse以上三个句子只有细微的差别，但答案却不同：做这种题时，要通过还原先行词,看先行词在定语从句中所充当的成分；1）中是动宾关系，即I visited the factry.因此选which2）中factry应在定语从句中作地点状语，即：I wrked in the factry，因此选where。3）中是作定语从句中的主语，即: the factry prduces all kinds …不作地点状语，因此选which
(1)Hangzhu is the place ______ I went last summer.2) He read the bk ______ his sister had tld him abut.3) The reasn ______ Peter is s happy is that he passed the exam.4) I remember the day ______ my father died. I was nly ten years ld at that time.5) Please give me the reasn ______ yu were late this time.6) I will g back t the place ______ I grew up and live there frever.
Why/ fr which
which/that/ x
When/n which
Where/in which
二.关系代词前介词的确定
1.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系，请体会：
This is the car ____which I bught last year.
This is the car ____which I paid 100$.This is the car ____which I spent 100$.This is the car ____which I g t wrk every day.This is the car ______ which I can’t g t wrk.This is the car ____which the ld man was kncked dwnThis is the car ____which a by threw a stne.This is the car ____which we talked .This is the car ____which the windw was brken
2. 根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配，如：e.g. Can yu explain t me hw t use these idims with which I’m nt familiar.3. 根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会：e.g. 1949 was the year in which the was funded.
The bk __________ I heard was written 20 years ag.The peple __________ the man spke weren’t listening.The film __________ I fell asleep was very bring.The pen __________ she wrte that bk can nw be seen in a museum.The little creature __________ scientists are interested is knwn as ET.The gun __________ he was sht was never fund.
三.Whse引起从句可转换为“ f +关系代词”型，即 the+ n + f +which/whm 如：e.g. They live in a huse, whse dr pens t the suth.They lived in a huse, f which the dr pens t the suth. They lived in a huse, the dr f which pen t the suth.
四.限制和非限制性定语从句: restrictive attributive clause(无逗号) nn- restrictive attributive clause(有逗号)
.Xi hua wh I met acrss in the street a few days ag has gne abrad. Xi hua ,wh I met acrss in the street a few days ag has gne abrad.
五.一般说来,定语从句总是紧跟在先行词的后面,但有时候定语从句与先行词之间被其他成分分隔开来,这样的句子叫分隔定语从句.There are thusands f stars in the sky that are like ur sun.The days are gne when we suffered s much.Carl still remembers ne afternn in his first year when the prfessr tk the students t the chemistry lab.
六、由as引导的定语从句
as可作为关系代词来引导定语从句。such … as…“像……一样的”，“像……之类” the same…as…“和……同样的 在这两个句型中，as是关系代词，其中such&same做定语，修饰主句的名词、代词，这个名词是这个定语从句的先行词，as在从句中担任主、宾、表。例如：This is the same thing as we are in need f. Such peple as yu say are shrt nw.
2. …such as… such为代词，意思为”这样的人/物“，as修饰先行词such。 例如：This bk is nt such as I hpe.3. the same…as… “和…同样的 “ the same… that… “同一个” 来引导定语从句。意思几乎相同。但从句中省去谓语时必须用as. 例如:She is the same age as yu (that yu are.) This is the same pen that I lst yesterday.4. …,as… “这些”，“正如…” as引导非限定性定语从句，相当于which引导的非限定性定语从句，有时可互换。例如：He is frm Beijing, as/which they knw frm the way he speaks.
一.that和which
以下情况，引导词用that，不用which1. 先行词为不定代词或被不定代词所修饰everything，little，much，all，anything，nthing, Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stlen.2. 先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词修饰时，用that。e.g. This is the best bk (that) I’ve ever read.
3. 先行词被the nly，the very，the last 修饰时，用that。 is the nly persn that I want t see nw.4. 先行词同时指人和指物时，用that。e.g. We talked abut the things and persns that we saw then.5. 在wh, which引导的特殊疑问句中, 定语从句中避免重复,一般也只用that; e.g. Wh is the man that is crying?6.关系代词在从句中做表语，用 that.He desn’ seem t the man (that)he was.7.在 there be结构中用 thatThere is a new type f shes that yumight be fnd f
This is the huse in which Luxun nce lived. in that
The Changjiang River, which is the lngest river in China, runs frm west t east int the sea. (that)
* 介词后面和逗号后面不用that
二.以下情况常用which而不用that
(3）先行词是指物的that,thse She fund that which he lked fr.
(2)引导非限制性定语从句时
(1)关系代词作介词宾语时
1.Anyne wh breaks the law is wh break the law are wh breaks the law is wh has nt been t the Great Wall is nt a true man.
三 在, anyne, thse, he,that,yu,they 作先行词时(指人）, 用”wh” 不用 “that”.
1. Which.as引导非限定语从句的不同：as引导非限定语从句可以放在句首，句中，或主句后面； which引导非限定语从句放在主句后面 Eg:As is knwn t all,Taiwan belngs t China. Mary was late again ,which made the teacher angry.2. as引导非限定语从句有“正如”“ 正象”之义，而 which 没有,常见的结构有：As we all knw,as everybdy can see, as is knwn t all, as is said abve… Paper, as we all knw,was first made in China.
1. what不引导定语从句.what=all that I want t give yu what I have.(宾语从句）2. 先行词被the same 修饰时，关系代词既可用that, 也可用as.但意义不同，前者表示“同一的”，后者表示“同样的”。3. 关系副词when/where/why其含义相当于n which/in which/fr which等可交替使用。如：The day when/n which I met him first was May 1st.4.当先行词为专有名词或整个句子是世界上独一无二的名词时，一般用非限定性定语从句修饰。 例如：The sun, which gives us light, is very big.
5. way 后面定语从句： Please prnunce the wrd the way she des. I admire the way in which(that) the teacher gave his lessns.6. 含有定语从句的强调句：Was it in the reading-rm where Kate met yu that yu read the magazine?It was in the lab which was in the charge f him that they did the experiment
定语从句与同位语从句的不同：1.定语从句的先行词由名词和代词构成同位语从句的先行词由抽象名词构成。Thse wh want t g please sign their names here.We express the hpe that they will cme t visit China again.2.定语从句修饰先行词，同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容。
I gt the news that (which) made me angry yesterday. I gt the news that it is likely t rain. The truth that the earth mves arund the sun is knwn t all. 定语从句由关系代词关系副词来引导，同位语从句由that,有时也用when ,where, whether来引导 That’s my suggestin that the by shuld study hard.
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