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高考英语定语从句课件
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这是一份高考英语定语从句课件，共32页。PPT课件主要包含了whose，典型例题 等内容，欢迎下载使用。
Relative prnuns
Talking abut peple
D yu knw the man wh / that came t see Xia Yang this mrning.
Talking abut things
I culdn’t find the bk which / that I bught yesterday.
D yu knw the by whse parents are n hliday?
He is a man wh / whm / that we shuld all learn frm.
The table which / that yu just saw is made f plastics.
I’ve never been t the rm whse windws are brken.
Language study
wh/ whm/ that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。E.g. Is he the man wh/that wants t see yu? （wh/that在从句中作主语） He is the man whm/ that I saw yesterday. （whm/that在从句中作宾语）
用来指人或物，（只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同f which the互换） They rushed ver t help the man whse car had brken dwn. Please pass me the bk whse （f which the） cver is green.
关系代词that 的用法
a） 引导非限定性定语从句时 e.g. The tree, that is fur hundred years ld, is very famus here. （wrng）b） 介词后不能用 e.g. We depend n the land frm which we get ur fd. We depend n the land that/which we get ur fd frm.
1）关系代词不用that的情况
2.关系代词只能用that的情况
４．先行词既有人又有物时 。他谈到了他曾拜访过的老师和学校。He talked abut the teachers and schls that he had visited.５．主句是以wh或which开头的疑问句在那里说话的人是谁?Wh is the man that is speaking ver there?６．先行词被the nly, the very, the last等修饰时这正是我在找的枪。This is the very gun that I am lking fr.
７．先行词在从句中做表语时他已经不是三十年前的那个年轻人了。He is nt the yung man that he was thirty years ag.８．在there be 句型中，如先行词指物，用that,而不用which.There are many bks that were written by him in my hme.There is a huse that has beautiful windws.
关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或原因的名词，在从句中作状语。 and August are the mnths when the weather is ht. (时间状语) She’s ging hme where she can rest.（地点状语） D yu knw the reasn why I left early? (原因状语)
判断关系代词与关系副词
把先行词放回从句，看它在从句中所作的成分。 1. 如果不需要添词句子仍然完整，那先行词在从句中作主语、宾语、定语（表所属关系），选择关系代词（wh, whm, that, which, whse)。 2. 如果需要添介词才能使从句完整，那么先行词在从句中作状语，应选择关系副词 （ where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语）。
This is the muntain village where I visited last year.I will never frget the days when I spent in the cuntryside.This is the muntain village （which） I visited last year.I‘ll never frget the days （which） I spent in the cuntryside.习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。
方法： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、宾、定、状），就能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。例1. Is this museum ___ yu visited a few days ag?A. where B. that C. n which D. the ne例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibitin was held.A. where B. that C. n which D. the ne
例1变为肯定句： This museum is ___ yu visited a few days ag.A. where B. that C. n which D. the ne 在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where, that, n which都不能起到宾语的作用，只有the ne既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。例2变为肯定句： This is the museum ___ the exhibitin was held. A. where B. that C. n which D. the ne 而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因 in the museum词组，可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词n 用的不对，所以选A。
1.The man wh came t ur schl is Mr. Wang. 2.The girl whm I met is Lucy. 3.A child whse parents are dead is called Tm. 4.I like the bk which yu bught yesterday. 5. His parents wuldn’t let him marry anyne whse family was pr. 6. I like the persn t whm yu just talked. 7. We shall never frget the days that we spent tgether. 8. We shall never frget the days when we lived tgether.
确定关系词在从句中的成分
介词+关系词引导的定语从句
1）某些在从句中充当时间，地点等状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换。例如：This is the huse _____ I lived tw years ag. D yu remember the day ______ yu jined ur club? 2）介词后面的关系词不能省略。3）先行词是物，关系词用which, 先行词是人,则关系词用whm．4)表所属关系时用f which/whm The by whse/ f whm the parents are bth dctrs wn the first place in the exam.5)表原因，用fr whichIs this the reasn why (fr which) he refused ur ffer?
介词＋关系词结构中介词的确定
１．来源于构成完整时间、地点状语所需补出的介词． This is the muntain village ____ I stayed last year. I'll never frget the days ____ I wrked tgether with yu.２．来源于动词短语． He is really the persn __ whm we have a lt t learn. The girl __ whm yu are talking is wrking fr an internatinal rganizatin.
限制性和非限制性定语从句
定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。 is the huse which we bught last mnth. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性）The huse, which we bught last mnth, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性）
as & which 引导的非限制性定语从句
由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which指代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。as一般放在句首，which在句中。例如：As we knw, smking is harmful t ne's health. 如我们所知，吸烟有害健康。The sun heats the earth, which is very imprtant t us. 太阳使地球暖起来，这对我们人类很重要。The sun heats the earth, and _____ is very imprtant t us.
1）Alice received an invitatin frm her bss, ___came as a surprise. A. it B. that C. which D. he答案C. 此为非限定性从句，不能用 that修饰，而用which.it 和he 都使后句成为句子，两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。
2）The weather turned ut t be very gd, (and) ___ was mre than we culd expect. A. what B. which C. that D. it答案B。which可代替句子，用于非限定性定语从句，而what不可。that 不能用于非限定性定语从句，it不为连词，使用逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。
3）It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me frm ging t the park.. A. that B. which C. as D. it答案B. as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：（1）as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。（2） as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。在本题中，prevent由于是行为动词，所以正确选项应为B。
关系代词as 的用法
1) the same…as；such…as 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和……一样……。例如： I have gt int the same truble as he (has).2) as可引导非限制性从句，常带有'正如'。例如： As we knw, smking is harmful t ne's health. As is knwn, smking is harmful t ne's health.as是关系代词。例1中的as作knw的宾语；例2中，它充当从句的主语，谓语动词knw要用被动式。
what/whatever
1）what = the thing which； whatever = anything。 yu want has been sent here. 你要的动词都送来了。Whatever yu want makes n difference t me. 不管你要什么，跟我没什么关系。
wh= the persn that whever= anyne wh e.g.（WRONG）Wh breaks the law will be punished.（WRONG）Whever rbbed the bank is nt clear.（RIGHT）Whever breaks the law will be punished. 王子犯法，与庶民同罪。 （RIGHT）Wh rbbed the bank is nt clear. 谁抢了银行还不清楚。
先行词和关系词二合一
1） Whever spits in public will be punished here. （Whever 可以用 anyne wh 代替）2） The parents will use what they have t send their sn t technical schl.（what 可以用all that代替）
1. City peple in Britain and the US stand clser than thse____live in ther cuntries.2. The ld lady used t stand in frnt f the windw, thugh ____she culd see what was happening.3. The internatinal research grup was made up f 20 scientists, three f ___ are experts n DNA.4. Lst in the thick frest, the ld man had gt n persn___he culd turn fr help.
5. Jackie, ____life had nce been very hard, becme a well-knwn actr.6. D yu still remember the days ____ we spent happily tgether last year.7. The tree, ____ leaves have turned red, was planted by my uncle.8. The by, ne f ____ is my brther, are making a plan fr the weekend.
Fill in the blanks with prper prepsitins1. The sun gives us heat and light, ________ which we can’t live.2. The student __________ whm we were talking just nw is the best student in ur class.3. I’ll never frget the day _____ which she said gd-bye t me.4. Is that the newspaper _____which yu ften write articles?5. 1949 was the year ____which the was funded.
1. I’m using the pen which he bught it yesterday.2. Is that factry which yur father nce wrked in?3. The man whm I spke is frm Canada. 4. July 1,1999 is the day when we’ll never frget.5. I still remember the hlidays I stayed with them.6. I’m ging t wrk in the hspital where needs me.
Prfread the sentences
7. Which is knwn t all, many satellites are ging arund in the sky. 8. I dn’t like the way which yu talked t yur friend. 9.This is the last time when I’ve given yu lessns.10. Sn they came t a farm huse, and in frnt f which sat a small by.11. We heard the news which ur team wn the game.12. The reasn which he explained it sunds reasnable.
13. Thse at the desk want t buy tickets write dwn yur names.14. That was the reasn because she lked ld.15. Miss Chen is the nly ne f the few teachers wh give us wnderful English lessns in ur schl.16. Taiwan, that we knw, belngs t China.20. The students and things which yu spke f are knwn t us.
Relative prnuns
Talking abut peple
D yu knw the man wh / that came t see Xia Yang this mrning.
Talking abut things
I culdn’t find the bk which / that I bught yesterday.
D yu knw the by whse parents are n hliday?
He is a man wh / whm / that we shuld all learn frm.
The table which / that yu just saw is made f plastics.
I’ve never been t the rm whse windws are brken.
Language study
wh/ whm/ that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。E.g. Is he the man wh/that wants t see yu? （wh/that在从句中作主语） He is the man whm/ that I saw yesterday. （whm/that在从句中作宾语）
用来指人或物，（只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同f which the互换） They rushed ver t help the man whse car had brken dwn. Please pass me the bk whse （f which the） cver is green.
关系代词that 的用法
a） 引导非限定性定语从句时 e.g. The tree, that is fur hundred years ld, is very famus here. （wrng）b） 介词后不能用 e.g. We depend n the land frm which we get ur fd. We depend n the land that/which we get ur fd frm.
1）关系代词不用that的情况
2.关系代词只能用that的情况
４．先行词既有人又有物时 。他谈到了他曾拜访过的老师和学校。He talked abut the teachers and schls that he had visited.５．主句是以wh或which开头的疑问句在那里说话的人是谁?Wh is the man that is speaking ver there?６．先行词被the nly, the very, the last等修饰时这正是我在找的枪。This is the very gun that I am lking fr.
７．先行词在从句中做表语时他已经不是三十年前的那个年轻人了。He is nt the yung man that he was thirty years ag.８．在there be 句型中，如先行词指物，用that,而不用which.There are many bks that were written by him in my hme.There is a huse that has beautiful windws.
关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或原因的名词，在从句中作状语。 and August are the mnths when the weather is ht. (时间状语) She’s ging hme where she can rest.（地点状语） D yu knw the reasn why I left early? (原因状语)
判断关系代词与关系副词
把先行词放回从句，看它在从句中所作的成分。 1. 如果不需要添词句子仍然完整，那先行词在从句中作主语、宾语、定语（表所属关系），选择关系代词（wh, whm, that, which, whse)。 2. 如果需要添介词才能使从句完整，那么先行词在从句中作状语，应选择关系副词 （ where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语）。
This is the muntain village where I visited last year.I will never frget the days when I spent in the cuntryside.This is the muntain village （which） I visited last year.I‘ll never frget the days （which） I spent in the cuntryside.习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。
方法： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、宾、定、状），就能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。例1. Is this museum ___ yu visited a few days ag?A. where B. that C. n which D. the ne例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibitin was held.A. where B. that C. n which D. the ne
例1变为肯定句： This museum is ___ yu visited a few days ag.A. where B. that C. n which D. the ne 在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where, that, n which都不能起到宾语的作用，只有the ne既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。例2变为肯定句： This is the museum ___ the exhibitin was held. A. where B. that C. n which D. the ne 而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因 in the museum词组，可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词n 用的不对，所以选A。
1.The man wh came t ur schl is Mr. Wang. 2.The girl whm I met is Lucy. 3.A child whse parents are dead is called Tm. 4.I like the bk which yu bught yesterday. 5. His parents wuldn’t let him marry anyne whse family was pr. 6. I like the persn t whm yu just talked. 7. We shall never frget the days that we spent tgether. 8. We shall never frget the days when we lived tgether.
确定关系词在从句中的成分
介词+关系词引导的定语从句
1）某些在从句中充当时间，地点等状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换。例如：This is the huse _____ I lived tw years ag. D yu remember the day ______ yu jined ur club? 2）介词后面的关系词不能省略。3）先行词是物，关系词用which, 先行词是人,则关系词用whm．4)表所属关系时用f which/whm The by whse/ f whm the parents are bth dctrs wn the first place in the exam.5)表原因，用fr whichIs this the reasn why (fr which) he refused ur ffer?
介词＋关系词结构中介词的确定
１．来源于构成完整时间、地点状语所需补出的介词． This is the muntain village ____ I stayed last year. I'll never frget the days ____ I wrked tgether with yu.２．来源于动词短语． He is really the persn __ whm we have a lt t learn. The girl __ whm yu are talking is wrking fr an internatinal rganizatin.
限制性和非限制性定语从句
定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。 is the huse which we bught last mnth. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性）The huse, which we bught last mnth, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性）
as & which 引导的非限制性定语从句
由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which指代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。as一般放在句首，which在句中。例如：As we knw, smking is harmful t ne's health. 如我们所知，吸烟有害健康。The sun heats the earth, which is very imprtant t us. 太阳使地球暖起来，这对我们人类很重要。The sun heats the earth, and _____ is very imprtant t us.
1）Alice received an invitatin frm her bss, ___came as a surprise. A. it B. that C. which D. he答案C. 此为非限定性从句，不能用 that修饰，而用which.it 和he 都使后句成为句子，两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。
2）The weather turned ut t be very gd, (and) ___ was mre than we culd expect. A. what B. which C. that D. it答案B。which可代替句子，用于非限定性定语从句，而what不可。that 不能用于非限定性定语从句，it不为连词，使用逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。
3）It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me frm ging t the park.. A. that B. which C. as D. it答案B. as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：（1）as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。（2） as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。在本题中，prevent由于是行为动词，所以正确选项应为B。
关系代词as 的用法
1) the same…as；such…as 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和……一样……。例如： I have gt int the same truble as he (has).2) as可引导非限制性从句，常带有'正如'。例如： As we knw, smking is harmful t ne's health. As is knwn, smking is harmful t ne's health.as是关系代词。例1中的as作knw的宾语；例2中，它充当从句的主语，谓语动词knw要用被动式。
what/whatever
1）what = the thing which； whatever = anything。 yu want has been sent here. 你要的动词都送来了。Whatever yu want makes n difference t me. 不管你要什么，跟我没什么关系。
wh= the persn that whever= anyne wh e.g.（WRONG）Wh breaks the law will be punished.（WRONG）Whever rbbed the bank is nt clear.（RIGHT）Whever breaks the law will be punished. 王子犯法，与庶民同罪。 （RIGHT）Wh rbbed the bank is nt clear. 谁抢了银行还不清楚。
先行词和关系词二合一
1） Whever spits in public will be punished here. （Whever 可以用 anyne wh 代替）2） The parents will use what they have t send their sn t technical schl.（what 可以用all that代替）
1. City peple in Britain and the US stand clser than thse____live in ther cuntries.2. The ld lady used t stand in frnt f the windw, thugh ____she culd see what was happening.3. The internatinal research grup was made up f 20 scientists, three f ___ are experts n DNA.4. Lst in the thick frest, the ld man had gt n persn___he culd turn fr help.
5. Jackie, ____life had nce been very hard, becme a well-knwn actr.6. D yu still remember the days ____ we spent happily tgether last year.7. The tree, ____ leaves have turned red, was planted by my uncle.8. The by, ne f ____ is my brther, are making a plan fr the weekend.
Fill in the blanks with prper prepsitins1. The sun gives us heat and light, ________ which we can’t live.2. The student __________ whm we were talking just nw is the best student in ur class.3. I’ll never frget the day _____ which she said gd-bye t me.4. Is that the newspaper _____which yu ften write articles?5. 1949 was the year ____which the was funded.
1. I’m using the pen which he bught it yesterday.2. Is that factry which yur father nce wrked in?3. The man whm I spke is frm Canada. 4. July 1,1999 is the day when we’ll never frget.5. I still remember the hlidays I stayed with them.6. I’m ging t wrk in the hspital where needs me.
Prfread the sentences
7. Which is knwn t all, many satellites are ging arund in the sky. 8. I dn’t like the way which yu talked t yur friend. 9.This is the last time when I’ve given yu lessns.10. Sn they came t a farm huse, and in frnt f which sat a small by.11. We heard the news which ur team wn the game.12. The reasn which he explained it sunds reasnable.
13. Thse at the desk want t buy tickets write dwn yur names.14. That was the reasn because she lked ld.15. Miss Chen is the nly ne f the few teachers wh give us wnderful English lessns in ur schl.16. Taiwan, that we knw, belngs t China.20. The students and things which yu spke f are knwn t us.
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