高考英语完形填空分类训练：说明文

这是一份高考英语完形填空分类训练：说明文，共28页。
完形填空
Expressive arts therapy is a form of therapy that uses dance, drama, music, poetry, and art to enhance one's overall well－being. The arts are used to let go, __1__ and to release.
People have been using the arts as tools for __2__for many centuries. In the early 1940's expressive arts therapy became formally __3__ and has since provided meaningful therapeutic __4__ for people of all ages in a variety of treatment settings. There is no right or wrong way in the arts and clients are encouraged to be __5__ with self－expression. Expressive arts therapy focuses on the __6__ of making art and exploring __7__ the piece means to the individual, __8__ the final product.
Through the arts, people can __9__ ideas and feelings that may be hard to put into words, such as negative memories and stress. It has been __10__ that use of the arts can help people develop social skills, __11__ anxiety, manage behavior, and increase self－confidence. A free form of expression makes clients __12__ of their own work by reducing the need to compare themselves to others, an unfortunate problem seen today.
Expressive arts therapists are professionally __13__. Anyone can be an expressive art therapist provided that they get the appropriate training. Knowledge in psychology is __14__ to all training, but from there training __15__ includes getting a master's degree in counseling with specialized instruction in implementing (实施) the art, music, poetry, and dance/movement therapeutically. Some professionals extend their __16__ and obtain a PhD in expressive therapy.
__17__ expressive arts therapy is unique, the clinical goal is __18__ to other mental health professions. This __19__ is to facilitate clients' growth and __20__ change.
1．A．admit B．express C．examine D．trust
2．A．explaining B．proving C．healing D．judging
3．A．recognized B．relieved C．affected D．controlled
4．A．results B．experiences C．causes D．questions
5．A．angry B．bored C．strict D．free
6．A．secret B．technique C．difficulty D．process
7．A．when B．which C．what D．where
8．A．as to B．or rather C．rather than D．other than
9．A．communicate B．produce C．reject D．test
10．A．offered B．shown C．guided D．driven
11．A．create B．feel C．reduce D．recall
12．A．tired B．proud C．afraid D．unaware
13．A．hired B．served C．awarded D．trained
14．A．basic B．enough C．impossible D．strange
15．A．finally B．typically C．luckily D．hardly
16．A．visit B．life C．education D．money
17．A．If B．Although C．Unless D．Since
18．A．unequal B．friendly C．known D．similar
19．A．goal B．profession C．clinic D．theory
20．A．unwelcome B．seasonal C．positive D．cultural
The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services recommends that adults do at least 150 minutes of moderate to higher-intensity physical activity each week, and it should be in ____21____ of at least 10 minutes each for substantial health benefits, which has led many to ____22____ about the inefficacy of brief activities. Why people take two minutes going up the stairs if more than 10 minutes is ____23____ to make it worthwhile for health?
But now a study suggests something else: go ahead, take the stairs! Every minute ____24____ toward reaching the 150-minute goal, whether it’s part of a 10-minute period of activity or not. The purpose of the study conducted at the University of Utah was to see if moderate to vigorous physical activity in less than 10-minute episodes was ____25____ to weight outcomes. The study, published in the American Journal of Health Promotion, found that each minute spent ____26____ in some kind of moderate to vigorous physical activity — be it walking the dog, vacuuming, or taking the stairs — was associated with lower BMI and lower weight.
“The idea here is, you can do a minute at a time and that’s not a problem,” Jessie Fan, lead author of the new paper and a family and consumer studies professor at the University of Utah, told Today.
For the women who participated in the study, each minute spent in higher-intensity activity was associated with a 0.7 drop in body mass index (BMI). For a 5'4" woman, that means a ____27____ of nearly half a pound, which may not sound like much, but that’s just for one minute. Little by little, they add up.
The authors concluded that the current 10-minute ____28____ guideline was based on health benefits other than weight outcomes and that their findings showed that for weight gain ____29____, accumulated higher-intensity physical activity bouts of less than 10 minutes are quite ____30____, supporting the message that “every minute counts.”
When it comes to your brain, it also rings true. An April 2019 study in Jama Network Open looked at how exercise affected the brain, and even short bursts ____31____ 22% greater brain volume.
“Our study results don’t ____32____ moderate or vigorous physical activity as being important for healthy ageing. We are just adding to the science, ____33____ that light-intensity physical activity might be important too, especially for the brain,” Dr. Nicole Spartarno, first author of the study from Boston University said.
“I think it’s easier for people to ____34____ that message,” Fan says. “Otherwise, if they don’t have a block of time they might be ____35____, and they don’t do anything.”
21．A．figures B．bursts C．turns D．cheers
22．A．wonder B．suppose C．believe D．wish
23．A．alerted B．subjected C．required D．committed
24．A．refers B．impresses C．reveals D．matters
25．A．opposed B．related C．switched D．exposed
26．A．devoting B．adapting C．exposing D．engaging
27．A．loss B．gain C．accumulation D．push
28．A．possibility B．activity C．capacity D．responsibility
29．A．damaging B．protection C．prevention D．hurting
30．A．infectious B．comfortable C．harmful D．beneficial
31．A．resulted in B．arose from C．came out D．gave in
32．A．exaggerate B．discount C．describe D．regard
33．A．addressing B．referring C．suggesting D．mentioning
34．A．process B．select C．store D．ignore
35．A．deprived B．disappointed C．depressed D．discouraged
Science may never know the secrets to memories of the California sea hare, a foot-long sea snail. But a research team claim to have made progress in ___36___ the simplest kind of memory a mollusk (软体动物) might form, and, with a swift injection, managed to ___37___ one sea snail’s memory to another.
The kinds of memories that start a defensive reaction in the snails are encoded not in the ___38___between brain cells, but in RNA molecules (分子), according to David Glanzman, a biologist at UCLA．To ___39___ the idea, Glanzman implanted wires into the tails of California sea hares and gave them a series of electric shocks. The procedure made the animals so ___40___ that when they were touched, they contracted parts of their bodies intensely. Glanzman compares the reaction to being nervous after an earthquake: the memory of the event causes a(n) ___41___ response to any loud noise. After sensitizing the sea snails, Glanzman took RNA out from them and ___42___ it into new sea snails to see what would happen. He then found the new ones are ___43___ sensitized, suggesting the “memory” of the electrical shocks had been transplanted. According to Glanzman and his research team, the experiment shows that ___44___ parts of the memory trace are held in RNA, rather than in the connectivity of brain cells.
However, the work has not yet found widespread ____45____. “Further work needs to be carried out to determine whether these phenomena are obvious and what is the ____46____ of such phenomena,” said Prof Vann at Cardiff University. “While a sea snail is a fantastic model, we must be very ____47____ in drawing comparisons to human memory processes, which are much more complex.”
Tomás Ryan at Trinity College Dublin, is ____48____. “This work takes us down an interesting road, but I have doubt about it and I don’t think they’ve transplanted a memory,” he said. “This work tells me that maybe the most basic behavioral responses involve some kind of change in the animal.”
____49____, Ryan added that such creative thinking about memory was in great need: “In a field full of acceptance but lacking ____50____, we need as many new ideas as possible.”
36．A．deleting B．disturbing C．refreshing D．understanding
37．A．transfer B．adjust C．compare D．relate
38．A．connections B．conflicts C．secrets D．distances
39．A．promote B．test C．eliminate D．impose
40．A．sensitive B．adaptable C．strong D．relaxed
41．A．necessary B．peaceful C．unconscious D．impossible
42．A．plunged B．invested C．translated D．injected
43．A．crazily B．dangerously C．scarcely D．equally
44．A．optional B．essential C．memorial D．virtual
45．A．association B．recognition C．innovation D．publication
46．A．depth B．application C．basis D．description
47．A．imaginative B．careful C．ambitious D．speedy
48．A．supported B．persuaded C．unappreciated D．unconvinced
49．A．Nevertheless B．Eventually C．For example D．As a result
50．A．expression B．likelihood C．suspicion D．disturbance
Anyone could be in his or her unfavorable situations, whatever their ages and social status. Adults are often ___51___ asking for help. It’s an act that can make people feel ___52___. The moment you ask for directions, after all，you reveal that you may be lost. Seeking someone’s assistance can make you feel like you are broadcasting your ___53___. New research suggests young children don’t seek ___54___ in school, even when they need it, for the same reason.
To learn more about how children think about looking for help, we asked 576 children, aged four to nine, to predict the ___55___ of two kids in a story. One of the characters genuinely wanted to be smart, and the other merely wanted to seem smart to others.
Children thought that the kid who wanted to seem smart would be ___56___ to ask for assistance. They could still conceive of (想象) situations in which the kid who wanted to seem smart would seek help: when assistance could be sought ___57___ (on a computer rather than in person), children thought both characters were equally likely to ask for it.
We also found that they recognize several more behaviors that might make a child appear less clever in front of fellow kids, such as ___58___ failure or modestly downplaying successes. Children are therefore strongly aware of several ways in which a person's actions might make them appear less ___59___ in the eyes of others.
However, a number of ___60___ can be found to help children. Our first ___61___ may be to motivate seeking help by emphasizing its educational benefits. But ___62___ barriers likely require reputation-based solutions. For example, instructors could create activities in which each student becomes an “expert” on a different topic, and then children must ask one another for help to master all of the material. If seeking help is understood as a(n) ___63___ classroom activity, kids may be less likely to think of it as indicative (表明) of one’s ability.
Seeking help could even be framed as ___64___ desirable. After all, asking for help often benefits not just the help seeker but also others listening in who have ___65___ questions or struggles.
51．A．delighted with B．ready for C．serious about D．embarrassed about
52．A．impersonal B．sensitive C．helpless D．desperate
53．A．incapability B．enthusiasm C．generosity D．friendliness
54．A．protection B．individuality C．assistance D．personality
55．A．behavior B．intelligence C．success D．capability
56．A．ready B．unlikely C．comfortable D．desperate
57．A．separately B．moderately C．purposefully D．privately
58．A．admitting B．neglecting C．avoiding D．underestimating
59．A．friendly B．smart C．independent D．reliable
60．A．theories B．reasons C．solutions D．researches
61．A．mission B．advice C．instinct D．barrier
62．A．instructive B．decisive C．intellectual D．reputational
63．A．ordinary B．vivid C．achievable D．virtual
64．A．personally B．mentally C．potentially D．socially
65．A．dominant B．similar C．complex D．original
Against all our wishes, advertising works, which is why, even in hard economic times, Madison Avenue is a $34-billion-a-year business. And if Martin Lindstrom, a marketing consultant is correct, trying to ___66___ the advertisement is about to get especially hard.
83% of all forms of advertising principally ___67___ only one of our senses: sight. Hearing, however, can be just as powerful, though advertisers have taken only limited advantage of it. Historically, ads have relied on slogans(广告语)to catch our ear, ___68___ everyday sounds — a steak sizzling(发嘶嘶声), a baby laughing and other sounds we can't help paying attention to. Weave these everyday sounds into an ad campaign and we customers may be ___69___ to resist them.
According to Lindstrom, the everyday sound that is most impressive, both in terms of interest and ___70___ feelings, is a baby laughing. The other high-ranking sounds are also powerful — the sound of a car engine or a soda being poured.
In all of these cases, it doesn’t need an experienced advertisement designer to invent the sounds, associate them with meanings and then play them over and over until the subjects ___71___ them. Rather, the everyday sounds already have meanings and thus can cause a kind of ___72___ : hunger, thirst or happy expectation.
Some TV ads have already given viewers close-up shots of meat with sizzling sounds. And retailers are ___73___ . Lindstrom is now consulting with clients, intending to pipe the sound of filtering coffee or fizzing soda into the drink department or that of a baby laughing sound into the baby-food section.
Of course, this doesn’t mean that advertisers can just press the audio button ___74___ and consumers will come eagerly. Indeed, sometimes customers flee. In the early years of cell-phone use, the ringtone (铃音) of a famous cell phone brand was recognized by many people in the U.K., but soon it became widely ____75____ . That, Lindstrom says, was partly because so few users observed cell-phone manners and ____76____ accidents kept happening in places like movie theaters. The computer start-up sound has taken on the similarly negative ____77____ , because people so often hear it when they’re restarting the computer after it ____78____ . In these cases, manufacturers themselves may as well revise the bothersome sound or ____79____ it entirely.
Lindstrom's experiment also shows that people respond to a sound better when it’s ____80____ . If nothing else, smart marketers may at least keep the volume low.
66．A．tune out B．admit to C．depend on D．take over
67．A．evaluate B．spoil C．engage D．portray
68．A．classifying B．ignoring C．challenging D．representing
69．A．sensible B．selfish C．powerless D．pleasant
70．A．hollow B．positive C．violent D．foreign
71．A．infer B．reject C．internalize D．perform
72．A．consumption B．reaction C．favor D．spread
73．A．following suit B．cooling down C．losing heart D．taking risks
74．A．on guard B．with ease C．under way D．in reality
75．A．disliked B．observed C．represented D．enveloped
76．A．objective B．temporary C．mysterious D．annoying
77．A．association B．agreement C．tip D．symptom
78．A．responded B．revived C．crashed D．persisted
79．A．replace B．rescue C．balance D．refund
80．A．optional B．random C．specific D．Faint












参考答案：
1．B
2．C
3．A
4．B
5．D
6．D
7．C
8．C
9．A
10．B
11．C
12．B
13．D
14．A
15．B
16．C
17．B
18．D
19．A
20．C
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。介绍了在心理学上，表达性艺术治疗借助舞蹈、戏剧、音乐、绘画等方式，把内心的真实状况表达出来，从而达到心理治疗的目的。
1．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：艺术是用来放手、表达和释放的。A. admit承认；B. express表达；C. examine检查；D. trust信任。根据空前的“Expressive arts therapy is a form of therapy that uses dance, drama, music, poetry, and art to enhance one's overall well－being.”（表达艺术疗法是一种利用舞蹈、戏剧、音乐、诗歌和艺术来增强人的整体健康的治疗形式。）可知，艺术是被用来表达的。故选B。
2．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：几个世纪以来，人们一直把艺术作为治疗的工具。A. explaining解释；B. proving证明；C. healing治愈；D. judging判断。根据前文“Expressive arts therapy is a form of therapy”可知，艺术是作为治愈的工具。故选C。
3．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在20世纪40年代早期，表达艺术疗法被正式认可，并从那时起在各种治疗环境中为所有年龄层的人提供了有意义的治疗体验。A. recognized认可；B. relieved宽慰；C. affected影响；D. controlled控制。根据后文的“has since provided meaningful therapeutic ___4___ for people of all ages in a variety of treatment settings.”可知在20世纪40年代早期，表达性艺术治疗被正式认可，自此以后，该治疗手法就给各类人提供了重要的治疗体验经历。故选A。
4．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. results结果；B. experiences经历；C. causes原因；D. questions问题。根据前文的“In the early 1940's expressive arts therapy became formally   ___3___ ”可知，早在在20世纪40年代早期，表达性艺术治疗被正式认可自此以后，该治疗手法就给各类人提供了重要的治疗体验经历。故选B。
5．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：艺术没有对错之分，我们鼓励客户自由地表达自我。A. angry生气的；B. bored无聊的；C. strict严格的；D. free自由的。根据下文的“A free form of expression makes clients ___12___ of their own work by reducing the need to compare themselves to others, an unfortunate problem seen today.”可知，表达性艺术治疗鼓励人们自由地表达自我，并没有对错之分。故选D。
6．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：表达艺术疗法关注的是艺术创作的过程，探索作品对个人的意义，而不是最终产品。A. secret秘密；B. technique技术；C. difficulty困难；D. process过程。根据空后的“the final product”可知，表达性艺术治疗注重创作艺术的过程，注重作品对于个人的意义所在，而非最终的作品。故选D。
7．
考查宾语从句引导词辨析。句意：同上。A. when什么时候；B. which哪一个；C. what什么；D. where哪儿。根据句子结构可知，设空处引导的宾语从句中means后缺少宾语。选项中只有what能作宾语，意为“什么”。故选C。
8．
考查短语辨析。句意：同上。A. as to对于；B. or rather更确切的说；C. rather than而不是；D. other than除了。根据前文的“Expressive arts therapy focuses on the ___6___ of making art and exploring ___7___ the piece means to the individual,”可知，表达艺术疗法强调的不是最终产品而是注重创作艺术的过程。故选C。
9．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：通过艺术，人们可以交流难以用语言表达的想法和感受，比如负面记忆和压力。A. communicate交流，表达；B. produce生产；C. reject拒绝；D. test测试。根据设空后的“be hard to put into words”可知，通过表达性艺术治疗，人们可以将那些无法诉诸语言的想法和情感表达出来，进而交流。故选A。
10．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究表明，使用艺术可以帮助人们发展社交技能，减少焦虑，管理行为，增加自信。A. offered提供；B. shown展示；C. guided指导；D. driven驱使。根据空后的“that use of the arts can help people develop social skills, ___11___ anxiety, manage behavior, and increase self－confidence.” 可知运用表达性艺术治疗能够带来诸多好处，这是研究表明的内容。故选B。
11．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. create创造；B. feel感觉；C. reduce减少；D. recall回忆。根据“manage behavior, and increase self－confidence.”可知此处介绍的是运用表达性艺术治疗能够带来诸多好处。故应该是减少焦虑。故选C。
12．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：自由的表达方式减少了与他人比较的需求，从而使客户对自己的作品感到自豪。A. tired疲劳的；B. proud骄傲的；C. afraid害怕的；D. unaware不知道的。根据后文的“by reducing the need to compare themselves to others,”可知，自由的表达方式减少了与别人的对比，让人们对自己的作品感到自豪。故选B。
13．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：表现艺术治疗师是经过专业培训的。A. hired雇佣；B. served服务；C. awarded奖励；D. trained培训。根据后文的“that they get the appropriate training.”可知艺术治疗师是经过专业培训的。故选D。
14．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：心理学知识是所有培训的基础，但从那里开始的培训通常包括获得咨询硕士学位，在实施艺术、音乐、诗歌和舞蹈/运动治疗方面的专门指导。A. basic基本的；B. enough足够的；C. impossible不可能的；D. strange奇怪的。根据下文的“but from there training   ___15___   includes getting a master's degree in counseling with specialized instruction in implementing (实施) the art, music, poetry, and dance/movement therapeutically.” 可知心理学知识是所有培训的基本内容。故选A。
15．
考查副词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. finally最终地；B. typically典型地；C. luckily幸运地；D. hardly几乎不。根据“getting a master's degree in counseling with specialized instruction in implementing (实施) the art, music, poetry, and dance/movement therapeutically.”即列出的培训内容可知，这些都是比较有典型意义的培训内容，故选B。
16．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：一些专业人士继续深造，获得表达疗法的博士学位。A. visit拜访；B. life生活；C. education教育；D. money钱。空后的“obtain a PhD in expressive therapy”可知，一些专家扩展教育内容。故选C。
17．
考查连词词义辨析。句意：尽管表达艺术疗法是独特的，但其临床目标与其他心理健康专业相似。A. if如果；B. although尽管；C. unless除非；D. since自从。根据句意，前后构成的是让步关系，句中的unique与后文的similar构成让步转折。故选B。
18．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. unequal不平等的；B. friendly友好的；C. known已知的；D. similar相似的。根据前文的“       ___17___ expressive arts therapy is unique”可知，虽然表达性艺术治疗很独特，但是临床目标与其他的心理健康行业是相似的。故选D。
19．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们的目标是促进客户的成长和积极的改变。A. goal目标；B. profession职业；C. clinic诊所；D. theory理论。根据前文的“the clinical goal is   ___18___   to other mental health professions.”可知是临床目标。故选A。
20．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. unwelcome不欢迎的；B. seasonal季节的；C. positive积极的；D. cultural文化的。根据前文“growth”可知，临床目标是促进客户的成长和积极的改变。故选C。
21．B
22．A
23．C
24．D
25．B
26．D
27．A
28．B
29．C
30．D
31．A
32．B
33．C
34．A
35．D
【解析】
【导语】
本文为一篇说明文。美国卫生与公众服务部建议成年人每周至少进行150分钟的中强度至高强度的体育活动，并且每次应该有至少10分钟的爆发性运动，以获得实质性的健康益处，这导致许多人疑惑短暂体能活是无效的，因此可能放弃运动。犹他大学进行的一项研究表明，目前的10分钟运动指南是基于健康益处而不是体重结果，要预防体重增加，累计的少于10分钟的高强度运动爆发也是非常有效的，每分钟的运动都很重要。
21．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：美国卫生与公众服务部建议成年人每周至少进行150分钟的中强度至高强度的体育活动，并且每次应该有至少10分钟的爆发性运动，以获得实质性的健康益处，这导致许多人疑惑短暂体能活是无效的。A. figures       数字；B. bursts爆发；C. turns转动；D. cheers欢呼。根据下文“When it comes to your brain, it also rings true. An April 2019 study in Jama Network Open looked at how exercise affected the brain, and even short bursts 　　11　　　 22% greater brain volume. (2019年4月发表在《Jama Network Open》上的一项研究研究了运动如何影响大脑，即使是短暂的爆发也能使脑容量增加22%。)”可知，bursts为复现词，意为“爆发”。故选B项。
22．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：美国卫生与公众服务部建议成年人每周至少进行150分钟的中度至高强度的身体活动，并且每次应该有至少10分钟的爆发性运动，以获得实质性的健康益处，这导致许多人疑惑短暂体能活是无效的。A. wonder 琢磨，疑惑；B. suppose 假设；C. believe 相信；D. wish 愿望。根据下文“Why people take two minutes going up the stairs if more than 10 minutes is 　　3　　 to make it worthwhile for health? (如果爬楼梯这项运动需要花10多分钟时间才有助于健康，为什么人们花两分钟上楼梯？)”可知，对于“人们花两分钟上楼梯”这个短暂的体能运动，人们对其效果产生了质疑？此处考查动词短语wonder about，意为“对……感到奇怪；对……感到疑惑”。故选A项。
23．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果爬楼梯这项运动需要花10多分钟时间才有助于健康，为什么人们花两分钟上楼梯？A. alerted 使警觉；B. subjected 使经受；C. required 要求；D. committed 投入。根据下文“The study, published in the American Journal of Health Promotion, found that each minute spent 　　6　　　 in some kind of moderate to vigorous physical activity — be it walking the dog, vacuuming, or taking the stairs — was associated with lower BMI and lower weight. (这项发表在《美国健康促进杂志》上的研究发现，从事某种中强度到高强度的体育活动的每一分钟——遛狗、吸尘或走楼梯——都与较低的BMI和较低的体重有关。)”可知，爬楼梯属于中强度到高强度的体育活动；上文“and it should be in 　　　1　　　 of at least 10 minutes each for substantial health benefits, (并且每次应该有至少10分钟的爆发性运动，以获得实质性的健康益处)”可知，爬楼梯这种强度的运动，“需要（required）”进行10多分钟才有效果，有助于健康。故选C项。
24．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：对达成150分钟的目标来说，每一分钟都很重要，无论它是否是属于那个10分钟（爆发运动）时间的一部分。A. refers 提及；B. impresses 留下深刻印象；C. reveals 揭示；D. matters 要紧，有关系。根据下文“The authors concluded that the current 10-minute 　　　8　　　 guideline was based on health benefits other than weight outcomes and that their findings showed that for weight gain 　　　9　　　　, accumulated higher-intensity physical activity bouts of less than 10 minutes are quite 　　　10　　　, supporting the message that ‘every minute counts’. (作者的结论是，目前的10分钟运动指南是基于健康益处而不是体重结果，他们的研究结果表明，要预防体重增加，累计的少于10分钟的高强度运动爆发非常有效，这支持了“每分钟都很重要”的观点)”，此句中的every minute counts，此句为复现句。故选D项。
25．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这项在犹他大学进行的研究的目的是看看在少于10分钟的时间内进行中强度到高强度的体育活动是否与体重结果相关。A. opposed 反对；B. related 相关；C. switched 开关；D. exposed 暴露。根据下一句“The study, published in the American Journal of Health Promotion, found that each minute spent 　　6　　　 in some kind of moderate to vigorous physical activity — be it walking the dog, vacuuming, or taking the stairs — was associated with lower BMI and lower weight. (这项发表在《美国健康促进杂志》上的研究发现，从事某种中强度到高强度的体育活动的每一分钟——遛狗、吸尘或走楼梯——都与较低的BMI和较低的体重有关。)”，其中的was associated with，与be related to意思相近。故选B项。
26．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这项发表在《美国健康促进杂志》上的研究发现，从事某种中强度到高强度的体育活动的每一分钟——遛狗、吸尘或走楼梯——都与较低的BMI和较低的体重有关。A. devoting奉献；B. adapting适应；C. exposing揭露；D. engaging参与。根据空后“ in some kind of moderate to vigorous physical activity”，应用engaging，动词短语engage in...，意为“从事，参加”，其他三项应与to连用。故选D项。
27．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：对于身高5英尺4英寸的女性来说，这意味着减掉了近半磅，听起来可能不多，但这只是一分钟。A. loss 损失，减少；B. gain 获得；C. accumulation 累积；D. push 推动。根据上文“The study, published in the American Journal of Health Promotion, found that each minute spent 　　6　　　 in some kind of moderate to vigorous physical activity — be it walking the dog, vacuuming, or taking the stairs — was associated with lower BMI and lower weight. (这项发表在《美国健康促进杂志》上的研究发现，从事某种中强度到高强度的体育活动的每一分钟——遛狗、吸尘或走楼梯——都与较低的BMI和较低的体重有关。)”中的lower weight可知，运动有减体重效果，loss符合语境。故选A项。
28．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：作者得出结论：现行的10分钟运动指南是基于健康益处而不是体重结果，他们的研究结果表明，要预防体重增加，累计的少于10分钟的高强度运动爆发非常有效，这支持了“每分钟都很重要”的观点。A. possibility 可能性；B. activity 活动；C. capacity 能力；D. responsibility 责任。根据上文“The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services recommends that adults do at least 150 minutes of moderate to higher-intensity physical activity each week, and it should be in 　　　1　　　 of at least 10 minutes each for substantial health benefits,... (美国卫生与公众服务部建议成年人每周至少进行150分钟的中强度至高强度的体育活动，并且每次应该有至少10分钟的爆发性运动，以获得实质性的健康益处)”可知，文章提及的10分钟时间是指“体育活动（activity）”时间，故选B项。
29．
考查动词和名词词义辨析。句意：作者的结论是，目前的10分钟运动指南是基于健康益处而不是体重结果，他们的研究结果表明，要预防体重增加，累计的少于10分钟的高强度运动爆发非常有效，这支持了“每分钟都很重要”的观点。A. damaging 伤害；B. protection 保护；C. prevention 预防；D. hurting 使疼痛。根据句中的weight outcomes，以及上文“The study, published in the American Journal of Health Promotion, found that each minute spent 　　　6　　 in some kind of moderate to vigorous physical activity — be it walking the dog, vacuuming, or taking the stairs — was associated with lower BMI and lower weight. (这项发表在《美国健康促进杂志》上的研究发现，从事某种中强度到高强度的体育活动的每一分钟——遛狗、吸尘或走楼梯——都与较低的BMI和较低的体重有关。)”可知，研究关注的一个问题是：10分钟高强度运动与较低的体重有无关系，即能否减肥，退一步说，能否有“预防（prevention）”体重增加的功效。故选C项。
30．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：作者的结论是，目前的10分钟运动指南是基于健康益处而不是体重结果，他们的研究结果表明，要预防体重增加，累计的少于10分钟的高强度运动爆发非常有效，这支持了“每分钟都很重要”的观点。A. infectious 感染性；B. comfortable 舒适的； C. harmful 有害的；D. beneficial 有益的。根据后半句“supporting the message that ‘every minute counts.’”可知，每分钟都重要，说明高强度运动哪怕不满10分钟，也能对人“受益的（beneficial）”。故选D项。
31．
考查动词短语辨析。句意：2019年4月发表在《Jama Network Open》上的一项研究研究了运动如何影响大脑，即使是短暂的爆发也能使脑容量增加22%。A. resulted in 导致；B. arose from 由……引起；C. came out 出来；D. gave in 屈服。根据上文“accumulated higher-intensity physical activity bouts of less than 10 minutes are quite 　　　10　　, supporting the message that “every minute counts. (累计的少于10分钟的高强度运动爆发非常有效，这支持了‘每分钟都很重要’的观点。)”可知，短暂的爆发式的运动还有益于大脑，能“导致（resulted in）”脑容量的增加。故选A项。
32．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们的研究结果并没有低估中强度或高强度的体育活动对健康老龄的重要性。A. exaggerate 夸大；B. discount 认为……不重要，低估；C. describe 描述；D. regard 尊重。根据有一句“We are just adding to the science, 　　13　　　 that light-intensity physical activity might be important too, especially for the brain（我们正要（把它）加到这科学知识中，这表明轻度的体育活动可能也很重要，尤其是对大脑。)”可知，研究者发现轻度的体育活动“也很重要（important too）”，表明研究者认为中强度或高强度的体育活动跟轻度的体育活动的重要性是同等的，没有“低估（discount）”后两者。故选B项。
33．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这项研究的第一作者，波士顿大学的Nicole Spartarno博士说:“我们正要（把它）加到这科学知识中，这表明轻度的体育活动可能也很重要，尤其是对大脑。”A. addressing 解决；B. referring 提及；C. suggesting 表明；D. mentioning 提及。根据句中的“are just adding to the science”，研究者要把这次研究的发现加入到现行的运动科学中，这足以“表明（suggesting）”轻度体育活动对健康的重要性。故选C项。
34．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：范说:“我认为人们更容易处理那个信息。……”A. process 审阅，处理；B. select 选择； C. store 存储；D. ignore 忽略。根据上句“which has led many to 　　　2　　 about the inefficacy of brief activities.（这导致许多人疑惑短暂体能活动是无效的)”，“their findings showed that for weight gain 　　9　　　　, accumulated higher-intensity physical activity bouts of less than 10 minutes are quite 　　　10　　, supporting the message that ‘every minute counts.’ (他们的研究结果表明，要预防体重增加，累计的少于10分钟的高强度运动爆发非常有效，这支持了‘每分钟都很重要’的观点。)”，下文“Otherwise, if they don’t have a block of time they might be 　　　15　　, and they don’t do anything. (否则，如果他们没有一块时间（去锻炼），他们可能会感到心灰意冷，就什么运动都不做了。)”可知，人们会对他们的研究结果进行“处理（process）”分析，并以此来决定自己要不要锻炼。故选A项。
35．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：否则，如果他们没有一块时间（去锻炼），他们可能会感到心灰意冷，就什么都不做了。A. deprived 丧失的；B. disappointed 失望的；C. depressed 抑郁的；D. discouraged 心灰意冷的。根据第一段的“The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services recommends that adults do at least 150 minutes of moderate to higher-intensity physical activity each week, and it should be in 　　　1　　 of at least 10 minutes each for substantial health benefits, which has led many to 　　2　　 about the inefficacy of brief activities. (美国卫生与公众服务部建议成年人每周至少进行150分钟的中强度至高强度的体育活动，并且每次应该有至少10分钟的爆发性运动，以获得实质性的健康益处，这导致许多人疑惑短暂体能活动是无效的。)”，以及“The authors concluded that the current 10-minute 　　　8　　　 guideline was based on health benefits other than weight outcomes and that their findings showed that for weight gain 　　　9　　　, accumulated higher-intensity physical activity bouts of less than 10 minutes are quite 　　10　　　　, supporting the message that “every minute counts.”(作者得出结论：现行的10分钟运动指南是基于健康益处而不是体重结果，他们的研究结果表明，要预防体重增加，累计的少于10分钟的高强度运动爆发非常有效，这支持了‘每分钟都很重要’的观点。)”可知，当权威部门只强调10分钟以上的中强度和高强度的体育运动有益健康时，而不告知大家其实少于10分钟的高强度锻炼也有益，每一分钟的锻炼都很重要，人们会因为自己无法抽出10分钟以上的时间段做锻炼，因“心灰意冷的（discouraged）”而放弃任何锻炼。故选D项。
36．D
37．A
38．A
39．B
40．A
41．C
42．D
43．D
44．B
45．B
46．C
47．B
48．D
49．A
50．C
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是一个研究小组声称，在理解软体动物可能形成的最简单的记忆方面取得了进展，并且通过快速注射，成功地将一只海螺的记忆转移到另一只海螺身上。
36．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但一个研究小组声称，在理解软体动物可能形成的最简单的记忆方面取得了进展，并且通过快速注射，成功地将一只海螺的记忆转移到另一只海螺身上。A. deleting删除；B. disturbing打扰；C. refreshing使恢复精神；D. understanding理解。由上文的“Science may never know the secrets to memories of the California sea hare”可知，句子表示“一个研究小组声称，在理解软体动物可能形成的最简单的记忆方面取得了进展”，故选D。
37．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但一个研究小组声称，在理解软体动物可能形成的最简单的记忆方面取得了进展，并且通过快速注射，成功地将一只海螺的记忆转移到另一只海螺身上。A. transfer转移；B. adjust调整；C. compare比较；D. relate使有联系。由“one sea snail’s memory to another”可知，是将一只海螺的记忆转移到另一只海螺身上，故选A。
38．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：根据加州大学洛杉矶分校的生物学家大卫·格兰兹曼的说法，在蜗牛中启动防御反应的那种记忆不是编码在脑细胞之间的连接中，而是编码在RNA分子中。A. connections连接；B. conflicts矛盾；C. secrets秘密；D. distances距离。由“between brain cells”和第9空后的“parts of the memory trace are held in RNA, rather than in the connectivity of brain cells”可知，此处是指脑细胞之间的连接，故选A。
39．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了验证这一想法，格兰兹曼将电线植入加州海兔的尾巴，并对它们进行一系列电击。A. promote促进；B. test测试；C. eliminate消除；D. impose实施。由后文的“Glanzman implanted wires into the tails of California sea hares and gave them a series of electric shocks”可知，为了验证这一想法，格兰兹曼将电线植入加州海兔的尾巴，并对它们进行一系列电击，故选B。
40．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个过程使这些动物非常敏感，当它们被触摸时，它们会强烈地收缩身体的某些部位。A. sensitive敏感的；B. adaptable能适应的；C. strong强大的；D. relaxed放松的。由后文的“when they were touched, they contracted parts of their bodies intensely”可知，当它们被触摸时，它们会强烈地收缩身体的某些部位，说明它们很敏感，故选A。
41．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：格兰兹曼将这种反应比作地震后的紧张：对事件的记忆会导致对任何巨大噪音的无意识反应。A. necessary需要的；B. peaceful和平的；C. unconscious无意识的；D. impossible不可能的。由上文的“the memory of the event causes”和下文的“response to any loud noise”可知，对事件的记忆会导致对任何巨大噪音的无意识反应，故选C。
42．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在对海螺进行敏感处理后，Glanzman从海螺中取出RNA，并将其注射到新的海螺中，看看会发生什么。A. plunged猛推；B. invested投资；C. translated翻译；D. injected注射。由上文的“Glanzman took RNA out from them”和下文的“it into new sea snails to see what would happen”可知，Glanzman从海螺中取出RNA，并将其注射到新的海螺中，故选D。
43．
考查副词词义辨析。句意：然后他发现新的海螺同样敏感，这表明电击的“记忆”被移植了。A. crazily疯狂地；B. dangerously危险地；C. scarcely几乎不；D. equally平等地。由下文的“the “memory” of the electrical shocks had been transplanted”和上文的“The procedure made the animals so__5__ that when they were touched, they contracted parts of their bodies intensely”可知，他发现新的海螺同样敏感，故选D。
44．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：格兰兹曼和他的研究团队表示，该实验表明，记忆痕迹的关键部分保存在RNA中，而不是脑细胞的连接中。A. optional可选择的；B. essential必要的；C. memorial纪念的；D. virtual虚拟的。由后文的“parts of the memory trace are held in RNA, rather than in the connectivity of brain cells”可知，该实验表明，记忆痕迹的关键部分保存在RNA中，而不是脑细胞的连接中，故选B。
45．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，这项工作尚未得到广泛认可。A. association协会；B. recognition认可；C. innovation创新；D. publication出版。由后文的“Further work needs to be carried out”可知，这项工作尚未得到广泛认可，故选B。
46．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：需要进行进一步的研究，以确定这些现象是否明显，以及这些现象的基础是什么。A. depth深度；B. application应用；C. basis基础；D. description描述。由后文的“of such phenomena”可知，此处表示“这些现象的基础是什么”，故选C。
47．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然海蜗牛是一个神奇的模型，但我们必须非常小心地将其与人类的记忆过程进行比较，因为人类的记忆过程要复杂得多。A. imaginative富有想象力的；B. careful仔细的；C. ambitious雄心勃勃的；D. speedy快速的。由后文的“drawing comparisons to human memory processes, which are much more complex”可知，我们必须非常小心地将其与人类的记忆过程进行比较，故选B。
48．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：都柏林三一学院的托马斯·瑞恩对此表示怀疑。A. supported被支持的；B. persuaded被说服的；C. unappreciated未被欣赏的；D. unconvinced怀疑的。由下文的“I have doubt about it”可知，此处表示他对此是怀疑的，故选D。
49．
考查副词词义和固定短语辨析。句意：然而，瑞安补充说，这种关于记忆的创造性思维是非常需要的。A. Nevertheless然而；B. Eventually最后；C. For example例如；D. As a result结果。由下文的“Ryan added that such creative thinking about memory was in great need”和上文的“I have doubt about it”可知，前后是转折关系，空格处是“然而”，故选A。
50．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在一个充满接受但缺乏怀疑的领域，我们需要尽可能多的新想法。A. expression表情；B. likelihood可能性；C. suspicion怀疑；D. disturbance干扰。由上文的“a field full of acceptance”可知，此处表示“一个充满接受但缺乏怀疑的领域”，故选C。
51．D
52．B
53．A
54．C
55．A
56．B
57．D
58．A
59．B
60．C
61．C
62．D
63．A
64．D
65．B
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。成年人常常羞于寻求帮助。这是一种会让人感到敏感的行为。新的研究表明，出于同样的原因，年幼的孩子在学校里也不寻求帮助，即使他们需要帮助。文章介绍了研究开展的过程以及解决方案。
51．
考查固定短语辨析。句意：成年人常常羞于寻求帮助。A. delighted with高兴的；B. ready for准备好的；C. serious about认真；D. embarrassed about尴尬。根据后文的研究内容可知，成年人常常羞于寻求帮助。故选D。
52．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是一种会让人感到敏感的行为。A. impersonal非个人的；B. sensitive敏感的；C. helpless无助的；D. desperate绝望的。根据后文“The moment you ask for directions, after all, you reveal that you may be lost.(毕竟，当你问路的时候，你就暴露出你可能迷路了)”可知，寻求帮助是一种会让人感到敏感的行为。故选B。
53．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：寻求他人的帮助会让你觉得自己在宣扬自己的无能。A. incapability无能力；B. enthusiasm热情；C. generosity慷慨；D. friendliness友好。根据上文“The moment you ask for directions, after all, you reveal that you may be lost.(毕竟，当你问路的时候，你就暴露出你可能迷路了)”可知，寻求他人的帮助会让你觉得自己在宣扬自己的无能。故选A。
54．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：新的研究表明，出于同样的原因，年幼的孩子在学校里也不寻求帮助，即使他们需要帮助。A. protection保护；B. individuality个性；C. assistance帮助；D. personality个性。对应后文“To learn more about how children think about looking for help”指孩子在学校不寻求帮助。故选C。
55．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了了解更多关于儿童寻求帮助的想法，我们询问了576名4至9岁的儿童，让他们预测一个故事中两个孩子的行为。A. behavior行为；B. intelligence智慧；C. success成功；D. capability能力。根据后文“of two kids in a story”以及“behaviors”可知，研究人员让孩子预测一个故事中两个孩子的行为。故选A。
56．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：孩子们认为，想显得聪明的孩子不太可能寻求帮助。A. ready准备好的；B. unlikely不可能的；C. comfortable舒服的；D. desperate绝望的。根据上文“Children thought that the kid who wanted to seem smart would be”以及常识可知，想显得聪明的孩子不太可能寻求帮助。故选B。
57．
考查副词词义辨析。句意：他们仍然可以想象那些想显得聪明的孩子会寻求帮助的情况：当可以私下寻求帮助时（在电脑上而不是当面），孩子们认为这两个角色同样可能会寻求帮助。A. separately单独地；B. moderately适中地；C. purposefully有目的地；D. privately私下地。根据后文“on a computer rather than in person”可知是私下里。故选D。
58．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们还发现，他们还发现了其他几种行为，比如承认失败或谦虚地淡化成功，这些行为可能会让孩子在其他孩子面前显得不那么聪明。A. admitting承认；B. neglecting疏忽；C. avoiding避免；D. underestimating低估。根据后文“failure or modestly downplaying successes”可知，其他几种行为，比如承认失败或谦虚地淡化成功，故选A。
59．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因此，孩子们强烈地意识到，一个人的行为可能会以几种方式使他们在别人眼中显得不那么聪明。A. friendly友好的；B. smart聪明的；C. independent独立的；D. reliable可靠的。对应上文“make a child appear less clever in front of fellow kids”指在别人眼中显得不那么聪明。故选B。
60．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，可以找到一些解决方案来帮助儿童。A. theories理论；B. reasons理由；C. solutions解决方案；D. researches研究。根据后文“may be to motivate seeking help by emphasizing its educational benefits”可知是在提出解决方案。故选C。
61．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们的第一本能可能是通过强调其教育效益来激励寻求帮助。A. mission任务；B. advice建议；C. instinct本能；D. barrier障碍。根据后文“may be to motivate seeking help by emphasizing its educational benefits”可知，通过强调其教育效益来激励寻求帮助是第一本能。故选C。
62．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但声誉障碍可能需要基于声誉的解决方案。A. instructive启发性的；B. decisive果断的；C. intellectual智力的；D. reputational信誉的。根据后文“reputation-based solutions”可知，此处指的是声誉障碍可能需要基于声誉的解决方案。故选D。
63．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果寻求帮助被理解为一种普通的课堂活动，孩子们可能不太可能认为这是一个人能力的象征。A. ordinary普通的；B. vivid生动的；C. achievable可完成的；D. virtual虚拟的。根据下文“kids may be less likely to think of it as indicative (表明) of one’s ability.”可知，寻求帮助被理解为一种普通的课堂活动，故选A。
64．
考查副词词义辨析。句意：寻求帮助甚至可以被认为是社会需要的。A. personally个人地；B. mentally心理上；C. potentially潜在地；D. socially社会地。根据后文“benefits not just the help seeker but also others listening”提到了寻求帮助不仅会让寻求帮助的人受益，也会让其他有类似问题或挣扎的听众受益，即是社会需要。故选D。
65．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：毕竟，寻求帮助不仅会让寻求帮助的人受益，也会让其他有类似问题或挣扎的听众受益。A. dominant占优势的；B. similar相似的；C. complex复杂的；D. original原来的。根据上文“but also others listening in who have”指让其他有类似问题或挣扎的听众受益。故选B。
66．A
67．C
68．D
69．C
70．B
71．C
72．B
73．A
74．B
75．A
76．D
77．A
78．C
79．A
80．D
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了多数广告主要通过视觉方面吸引我们的注意力，但也有不少通过广告标语的播放来引起我们的关注。本文还分析了为什么消费者对于不同的广告声音有不同的反应。
66．
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：如果市场营销顾问Martin Lindstrom 是对的，那么尝试不关注广告将会变得特别难。A. tune out不理睬；B. admit to承认；C. depend on依靠；D. take over接管。根据前文“Against all our wishes, advertising works, which is why, even in hard economic times, Madison Avenue is a $34-billion-a-year business.”以及后文“83% of all forms of advertising principally ___2___ only one of our senses: sight.”可知，广告行业即使在经济困难时期依然有利可图，而广告主要通过视觉来吸引我们的注意力。换言之，我们想要摆脱掉广告，不去注意它们，不去理会它们相当困难。故选A项。
67．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：83%的广告形式主要是吸引我们的一个感官:视觉。A. evaluate评估；B. spoil毁坏；C. engage吸引；D. portray描绘。根据后文“Hearing, however, can be just as powerful, though advertisers have taken only limited advantage of it.”可知，广告商会利用听觉与视觉效果去吸引消费注意力，只不过听觉被利用地很有限。换言之，视觉是主要用来吸引消费者注意力的方式。故选C项。
68．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：历史上，广告依赖广告标语来吸引我们的耳朵，这些标语使用了我们每天听到的声音——炸牛排发出的嘶嘶声、婴儿的笑声以及我们情不自禁去关注的声音。A. classifying分类；B. ignoring忽视；C. challenging挑战；D. representing代表。根据后文“Weave these everyday sounds into an ad campaign and we customers may be ___4___ to resist them.”可知，广告商会把我们每天常常听到的声音放到广告标语里来吸引我们的关注,因为这些声音很有代表性。故选D项。
69．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：把这些声音融入到广告当中，我们消费者可能对此没有抵抗力。A. sensible理智的；B. selfish自私的；C. powerless无能为力的；D. pleasant令人愉悦的。根据后文“According to Lindstrom, the everyday sound that is most impressive,both in terms of interest and ___5___ feelings, is a baby laughing. The other high-ranking sounds are also powerful-the sound of a car engine or a soda being poured.”可知，我们每天常常听到的声音诸如小孩的笑声是有趣且有积极的情感影响，因此对于这些声音放到广告标语里我们是没有能力去抵抗的。故选C项。
70．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：根据Lindstrom，婴儿的笑声是我们每天听到的声音中最令人印象深刻的，因为它既有趣又传达积极的情绪。A. hollow中空的；B. positive积极的；C. violent暴力的；D. foreign国外的。根据后文“The other high-ranking sounds are also powerful-the sound of a car engine or a soda being poured. ”可知，其它有影响力的声音还有汽车引擎声以及苏打水喷出来的声音，但这些声音都不如婴儿笑声更令人印象深刻。故选B项。
71．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：所有的例子都表明并不需要一个有经验的广告设计师来发明出声音，赋予它们含义，然后一遍又一遍地播放着这些声音直到广告针对的对象把它们内化到骨子里。A. infer推断；B. reject拒绝；C. internalize使内化；D. perform表演。根据前文“Weave these everyday sounds into an ad campaign and we customers may be ___4___ to resist them.”以及后文“Rather, the everyday sounds already have meanings and thus can cause a kind of ___7___ : hunger, thirst or happy expectation.”可知，我们每天听到的声音有着它们特殊的意义，会带来某种情绪上的反应，所以我们很难不去听广告标语。因此广告标语实际上就是不断重复播放某个声音，然后目标客户自然而然地将这些声音内化了。故选C项。
72．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：反而，那些每天听到的声音已经有它们对应的含义，并且能引起某种反应：饥饿感、口渴或者是快乐的期待。A. consumption消费；B. reaction反应；C. favor赞成；D. spread传播。根据空格后面的“hunger, thirst or happy expectation”可知，饥饿感、口渴以及快乐的期待是这些日常听到的声音所带来的具体的反应。故选B项。
73．
考查动词短语辨析。句意：一些电视广告给观众看正在发出嘶嘶声的肉的近距离的镜头。一些零售商也跟着效仿。A. following suit效仿；B. cooling down冷却下来；C. losing heart气馁；D. taking risks冒险。根据后文“Lindstrom is now consulting with clients, intending to pipe the sound of filtering coffee or fizzing soda into the drink department or that of a baby laughing sound into the baby-food section.”可知，零售商们在他们要卖的产品的区域播放相关产品的声音来达到吸引顾客的目的。他们的做法其实就是模仿了电视广告的做法。故选A项。
74．
考查介词短语辨析。句意：当然，这并不意味广告商们只要轻轻松松按下声音的播放按钮，就会有顾客急切地过来消费。A. on guard警戒；B. with ease轻松地、容易地；C. under way在进行中；D. in reality事实上。根据后文“Indeed, sometimes customers flee.”可知，播放顾客熟悉的那些日常声音的做法并不是百试百灵，也要失败的时候，顾客也会选择离开而不去购买相关产品。故选B项。
75．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在手机刚出现的早些年，英国很多人能够听出某个品牌手机的铃声，但很快这些铃声就不受待见了。A. disliked不喜欢；B. observed观察；C. represented代表；D. enveloped包围。根据后文“That, Lindstrom says, was partly because so few users observed cell-phone manners and ___11___ accidents kept happening in places like movie theaters. The computer start-up sound has taken on the similarly negative ___12___ , because people so often hear it when they're restarting the computer after it ___13___ .”可知，有些声音不适合某些场合使用或者这些声音有着消极的意义。因此，这些声音听久了也会让人厌烦。故选A项。
76．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Lindstrom说这部分原因是很少手机用户会遵守手机的使用规则，所以像在影院这些地方会经常发生一些令人恼火的事。A. objective客观的；B. temporary短暂的；C. mysterious神秘的；D. annoying令人恼火的。根据前文“In the early years of cell-phone use, the ringtone (铃音) of a famous cell phone brand was recognized by many people in the U.K., but soon it became widely ___10___ .”可知，正是因为某些声音经常被播放，慢慢的就引起人们的反感。因此，在影院等地方听到手机铃声响是令人恼火的。故选D项。
77．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：电脑开机的声音让人有着同样消极的联想，因为在电脑崩溃后重启它，人们也会听到这个开机声。A. association联想；B. agreement同意；C. tip提示；D. symptom症状。根据后文“In these cases, manufacturers themselves may as well revise the bothersome sound or ___14___ it entirely.”可知，一些如电脑开机声令人厌烦，生产商该去修改这些声音，因为它们会让人们产生消极的联想。故选A项。
78．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：电脑开机的声音让人有着同样消极的联想，因为在电脑崩溃后重启它，人们也会听到这个开机声。A. responded回应；B. revived复苏；C. crashed崩溃；D. persisted坚持。根据 本句中的“when they're restarting the computer”可知，重启电脑也会听到开机声。也就是说电脑出故障崩溃了需要重启。故选C项。
79．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在这些例子中，生产商们不妨修正一下这些令人厌烦的声音或者完全替换掉它们。A. replace取代；B. rescue救援；C. balance平衡；D. refund退款。根据“manufacturers themselves may as well revise the bothersome sound”可知，要么对这些声音做改进，要么就替换掉它们。故选A项。
80．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Lindstrom的实验也表明了当一个声音很微弱时，人们对这个声音的反应会更好。A. optional可选择的；B. random随机的；C. specific具体的；D. faint微弱的。根据后文“If nothing else, smart marketers may at least keep the volume low.”可知，要是没有其他可想的办法，至少把声音降低或许会更好。因此，播放的声音小的可能有不一样的效果。故选D项。