江苏高考英语二轮专题限时二十四-二十七试卷含答案

这是一份江苏高考英语二轮专题限时二十四-二十七试卷含答案，共23页。试卷主要包含了higher　信息转换题，slutin　信息概括题，visits　信息转换题，balance　信息转换题等内容，欢迎下载使用。

专题限时检测(二十四)　任务型阅读(一)
(限时24分钟)

A
(2017·苏、锡、常、镇高三三模)
When It's Not Quite a Wonderful Life
A 2011 study by researchers might make you think twice about difficult holiday emotions. They followed dozens of bus drivers for two weeks, looking to see when they flashed fake versus sincere smiles at their passengers. The results showed that on days when the drivers tried to put on an act and pretend to be in a good mood, their actual moods got worse. This was especially true for women. And another research suggests that people who really want to be happy actually obtain less happiness from positive experiences, apparently because their expectations are too high. Again and again, trying to gain happiness despite no preference seems to have the opposite result.
The results of the bus driver study can be explained by researchers Oliver John and James Gross, who found that negative feelings like sadness or anger only intensify when we try to suppress (压制) them. That's because we feel bad about ourselves when our outward appearance contradicts how we truly feel inside. What's more, when we suppress emotions like sadness, we deny them the important function they serve. If we don't recognize sadness we might not take the necessary steps to improve the situation. Expressing our sadness can also get comfort and compassion from those who care about us, strengthening our bonds.
Recently, scientists have also been paying special attention to the benefits of mindfulness. When you respond mindfully to an emotional trigger (诱因), you pause rather than react, and then you can escape getting troubled by thoughtfulness. Rather than scold yourself, you simply notice what you're feeling without judging that response as right or wrong. Studies suggest that a mindful response to a negative event reduces the amount of sadness we experience, is associated with less depression and anxiety, and may even carry physiological benefits, such as lowering our heart rates.
Unavoidably, the holidays will bring a mix of highs and lows. Perhaps the most important lesson to keep in mind is that this variety of emotions might be the best thing possible for your overall well­being.
That was the key insight from a study published in 2014 by a team of researchers from Yale University. Their survey of more than 37,000 people found that, after experiencing a greater variety and abundance of emotions consistently linked to lower depression, people took less medication, visited doctors less frequently, spent fewer days in hospitals, practiced better dietary and exercise habits, and smoked less.
In other words, sadness, anger, and other difficult emotions are like so many other parts of the holidays, they're nothing to fear. Just make sure you're balancing them with lighter experiences.

When It's Not Quite a Wonderful Life
Main content
Detailed information
Research findings
about negative
feelings
●A study on bus drivers shows pretending to be in a good mood leads to a(n) (1) ________result.
●Another research suggests the (2) ________expectations we have, the less happiness we obtain.
●Two other researchers found suppressing negative feelings only intensifies them, due to the (3)________ between outward appearance and inward feelings.
●If we (4) ________ the function negative feelings serve, we won't recognize them or take measures to improve the situation.
●Expressing negative feelings makes us feel comforted and sympathized with, and thus betters our relationship.
A (5)________
to dealing with
negative feelings：
a mindful
response to them
●The (6)________ of mindfulness：
1．When we respond mindfully to an emotional trigger, we pause rather than react.
2．We simply notice what we're feeling without judging that response as right or wrong, instead of (7)________ ourselves.
●The benefits of mindfulness：
1．It (8) ________ us from trouble.
2．It reduces the amount of sadness, depression and anxiety.
3．It brings in physiological benefits, such as lowering our heart rates.
A correct attitude towards negative
feelings
●A study published in 2014 found experiencing various emotions results in less medication, fewer doctor (9) ________， fewer days in hospitals, less smoking and better dietary and exercise habits. In other words, it does good to our overall well­being.
●Consequently, we should not fear negative feelings. Just be sure to (10) ________them with lighter experiences.


1．opposite/opposing　直接信息题。根据第一段的内容，尤其是最后一句中的“opposite”可知答案。
2．higher　信息转换题。根据第一段倒数第二句“And another research ... apparently because their expectations are too high.”可知答案。
3．contradiction　信息转换题。根据第二段前两句话，尤其是第二句的“... when our outward appearance contradicts how we truly feel inside”可知答案。
4．deny/refuse/reject　直接信息题。根据第二段中的“What's more, when we suppress emotions like sadness, we deny them the important function they serve.”可知答案。
5．solution　信息概括题。根据表格右边对应的信息可知，这里指的是解决问题的办法，又根据空后的to为介词可知，应填solution。
6．interpretation/meaning/explanation　信息概括题。根据第三段的内容并结合本空下面列出的两条信息可知，这里表示“mindfulness”的含义，也可以理解为对其意义的理解或解释。
7．scolding/blaming　信息转换题。从第三段第三句中的“Rather than scold yourself, you simply ...”可知答案。
8．saves/frees　信息概括题。根据第三段的内容可知，“mindfulness”可以使人们避免很多麻烦。save/free sb. from sth.的意思是“使某人免于某事”。
9．visits　信息转换题。从倒数第二段中的“... visited doctors less frequently”可知答案。
10．balance　信息转换题。从文章最后一句“Just make sure you're balancing them with lighter experiences.”可知答案。
B
(2017·江苏省六市高三二模)
The Science Behind Smiling
Not only does smiling reward our brain's feel­good system, it also makes us look more attractive and lowers stress levels.In stressful situations, smiling is a great way to relieve extreme levels of stress and to keep your cortisol (皮质醇) levels under control.
Naturally, happiness can result in smiling. Also, smiling can actually create happiness. Smiling tricks our brains into believing we are happy, and one way it does this is by making us think of happier memories, which improve our moods.
When the smiling muscles in our face contract, it sends a signal to the brain to encourage the reward system that further increases our levels of endorphins, or happiness hormones (荷尔蒙). It can have the same effect on our happiness as eating chocolate or receiving a monetary prize.
Even though the exact relationship behind facial expression and mental state is largely unknown, it has been suggested that smiling reduces levels of the stress­inducing hormone cortisol. Increased levels of cortisol could potentially lead to cardiovascular disease, mental illness, and obesity, so it's worth every effort to try to decrease our cortisol levels.
Research shows that when you smile, people treat you differently. Smiling instantly makes you appear more reliable, relaxed, sincere, and attractive. A study found that people who smiled more were rated as more attractive than those who avoided eye contact and didn't smile at all.
Perhaps this is why celebrities (名人) invest in perfect smiles, often looking for porcelain veneers to give them flawlessly straight, white teeth. According to a cosmetic (化妆用的) dentistry practice in Boston, broken and stained teeth can make a person look older, while a brighter smile gives a look of health and youthfulness. Anyone you spot on television will more likely than not have a perfect to smile. This gives them a youthful shine while at the same time making them look more attractive.
Smiling is an act that many of us may have to practice in order to make a regular habit. However, it's a habit worth investing in, as smiling, happiness, and health have a scientifically proven link to one other. If you find it hard to smile, try being around people who tend to smile a lot.According to a Swedish study, it is difficult to keep a straight face when constantly faced with people who are smiling at you.
Title：The Science Behind Smiling


1．benefits/rewards/pays　信息概括题。根据第一段第一句话“Not only does smiling reward our brain's feel­good system, it also makes us look more attractive and lowers stress levels.”可知答案。
2．appearance　信息转换题。根据第一段第一句话中的“it also makes us look more attractive”可知，appearance“外貌”，符合语境。
3．true　信息概括题。第二段提到，微笑也可以创造快乐，因此题目中说快乐当然产生微笑，反过来讲也是正确的。
4．reduces/decreases/relieves　直接信息题。根据第四段第一句话“... smiling reduces levels of the stress­inducing hormone ...”中的reduces可直接得到答案。
5．health　信息概括题。第四段提到的“cardiovascular disease”， “mental illness”，“obesity”等疾病都是身体或心理上的问题，因此此处应是mental and physical health。
6．appreciated/loved/liked/trusted/respected　信息概括题。由第五段可知，微笑让你被其他人以不同的方式对待，让你看起来更可靠、放松、真诚、有魅力。由此可总结出这几个答案。
7．invest/spend　直接信息题。根据第六段第一句“Perhaps this is why celebrities (名人) invest in perfect smiles ...”中的invest可直接得到答案。此外，spend“花费”也符合题目的要求。
8．deserves　信息概括题。根据最后一段可知，微笑是需要练习的，但是又是值得投入时间去做的，因此微笑是值得(deserves)你的努力的。
9．habit　直接信息题。根据最后一段第一句话“Smiling is an act that many of us may have to practice in order to make a regular habit.”中的habit可直接得到答案。
10．easy/easier　信息概括题。由最后一段第三句话可知，如果你觉得微笑起来很困难，那就试着和会经常微笑的人在一起。由此可知，这么做会让微笑(更)容易。
专题限时检测(二十五)　任务型阅读(二)
(限时24分钟)

A
(2017·南京、盐城高三一模) Until about 18 years ago, it was widely assumed that most of brain development occurs in the first few years of life. But recent research on the human brain has shown that many brain regions undergo prolonged development throughout adolescence and beyond in humans. This advancement in knowledge has increased old worries and given rise to new ones. It is hugely worrying that so many teenagers around the world don't have access to education at a time when their brains are still developing and being shaped by the environment. We should also worry about our lack of understanding of how our rapidly changing world is shaping the developing teenage brain.
Decades of research on early neurodevelopment suggested that the environment influences brain development. During the first few months or years of life, an animal must be exposed to particular visual or auditory stimuli (听觉刺激) for the associated brain cells and connections to develop. In this way, neuronal circuitry (神经元回路) is shaped according to the environment during “sensitive periods” of brain development. This research has focused mostly on early development of sensory brain regions. What about later development of higher­level brain regions, which are involved in decision­making, control and planning, as well as social understanding and self­awareness? We know these brain regions continue to develop throughout adolescence. However, we have very little knowledge about how environmental factors influence the developing teenage brain. This is something that should concern us.
There's a lot of concern about the hours some teenagers spend online and playing video games. But maybe all this worry is misplaced. After all, throughout history humans have worried about the effects of new technologies on the minds of the next generation. When the printing press was invented, there was anxiety about reading corrupting young people's minds, and the same worries were repeated for the invention of radio and television. Maybe we shouldn't be worried at all. It's possible that the developing brains of today's teenagers are going to be the most adaptable, creative, multitasking brains that have ever existed. There is evidence — from adults — that playing video games improves a range of cognitive functions such as divided attention and working memory. Much less is known about how gaming, social networking and so on, influence the developing adolescent brain. We don't know whether the effects of new technologies on the developing brain are positive, negative or neutral. We need to find out.
Adolescence is a period of life in which the brain is developing and shapable, and it represents a good opportunity for learning and social development. However, according to UNICEF, 40% of the world's teenagers do not have access to secondary school education. The percentage of teenage girls who have no access to education is much higher, and yet there is strong evidence that the education of girls in developing countries has multiple significant benefits for family health, population growth rates, child mortality rates, HIV rates as well as for women's self­esteem and quality of life. Adolescence represents a time of brain development when teaching and training should be particularly beneficial. I worry about the lost opportunity of denying the world's teenagers access to education.
Worrying about the teenage brain
Introduction
Different from the previous studies, a new one reveals that brain development will (1)________ even in the teenage years and beyond, which (2)________ some worries.
Various
factors (3)
______ the teenage
brain and
new worries
·Particular visual or auditory stimuli are a must for animals to (4)________ neuronal circuitry at the early time of life.
·We should be (5)________ about what influence the environment has on the developing teenage brain.
·Humans always face new technologies with a sense of anxiety that young people's minds are (6)________．
·We are supposed to find out what kind of role new technologies play in the (7)________ of the teenage brain.
·Education is of great (8)________ in adolescence when the brain is developing and being shaped. However, it isn't (9)________ to two fifths of the world's teenagers, girls in particular.
·We are expected to be (10)________ of the effects of education on the developing brains.

语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一项新的发现：人的大脑在青春期及以后会继续发育、成长。
1．continue　信息转换题。根据第一段第二句可知，新的研究发现大脑的许多区域在青春期及以后会继续发育。故填continue。
2．causes　信息转换题。根据第一段第三句可知，知识的进步引起了人们的担心。关系代词which指代前面整句话的内容，表示单数概念，所以从句谓语动词用causes。
3．affecting/influencing　信息概括题。根据文章第二至四段的内容及表格右栏中的内容可知，此处讲的是影响青少年大脑发育的各种因素和新的担心。此处用现在分词作定语修饰名词factors。
4．shape　信息转换题。根据第二段第二、三句可知，特别的视觉或听觉刺激是动物在生命早期形成神经元回路的必须条件。故填shape。
5．concerned/worried/anxious　信息转换题。根据第二段最后两句可知，我们应担心环境对青少年发育中的大脑有什么影响。be concerned/worried/anxious about意为“对……担心”。
6．corrupted　信息转换题。根据第三段第四句可知，面对新技术，人们担心青少年的大脑被损坏。故填corrupted。
7．development　信息转换题。根据第三段最后两句可知，我们应该查明新技术对青少年大脑的发育起什么样的作用。故填development。
8．importance/significance/benefit　信息概括题。根据第四段前三句内容可知，当大脑发育时，教育是相当重要的。介词of后接名词，故填importance/significance/benefit。
9．accessible/available　信息转换题。根据第四段中的“However, according to UNICEF, 40% of ... have no access to education is much higher”可知，五分之二的青少年尤其是女孩没有机会接受教育。此处用access的形容词accessible或available。
10．aware/conscious　信息概括题。根据第四段最后两句可知，我们应该意识到教育对发育中的大脑的影响。be aware/conscious of意为“意识到……”。
B
(2017·无锡高三一模)The world would have been so much better if we all knew how to say and do the right thing at the right time. However, that is not the case, especially when it comes to instilling (逐步培养) proper behavior in kids. Behavior modification (BM) techniques were recently created to help in instilling proper behavior in children as well as adults.
Behavior modification refers to establishing various appropriate behaviors in individuals and discouraging those that are not desired. Behavior modification techniques are developed largely according to the principles of operant conditioning by B．F.Skinner, an American behaviorist. These techniques are used in behavior modification treatment that aims to correct and instill appropriate behavior in children.
The commonly used behavior modification techniques are positive reinforcement (强化), negative reinforcement and punishment. Positive reinforcement refers to reinforcing proper behavior that most desire through the process of rewarding it. This can be done by praising the individual as soon as he performs desired behavior. Negative reinforcement behavioral strategies are based on the removal of a negative consequence or behavior because the desired behavior was performed. For example, not letting a child help in washing dishes because he behaved well at a family gathering is a form of negative reinforcement. Punishment is something we all can relate to. Yes, it is just what it means. However, when put in words, punishment refers to subjecting (使服从于) an individual to a negative condition because of inappropriate behavior.
The behavior modification techniques for children are mostly based on positive and negative reinforcement. However, parents should realize that these techniques can't be relied upon totally for child behavior modification. Though the behavior modification techniques lead to quick results, a parent should continuously try to cultivate (培养) in his child the ability to appreciate the reason why such behavior is expected of him. This can be done through effective communication and greater focus on the parent­child relationship. As a parent, don't make the reward a monetary one. Try to make it look more like a privilege than a reward. A parent should also be consistent with his technique and apply it whenever there is a chance so that the child gets a clear idea of what is expected and what is not.
Although we talk so much about the role of a parent in bringing positive behavior modification to children, both parents and teachers have equally important roles to play. Teachers play their role through preventive classroom management, teaching skills for solving social problems like alternative thinking, and continuous monitoring of a child's behavior. It is true that there are various behavior modification techniques available for encouraging proper behavior in children. However, there is nothing that can take the place of proper parenting and an affectionate (慈爱) environment.
Techniques for Modifying Behavior
(1) ______ of BM
Establishing various appropriate behaviors and discouraging undesirable ones, aiming to correct and instill proper behavior in individuals.
Types of BM techniques
●Positive reinforcement: Reinforcing (2) ________behavior by means of rewarding it.
●Negative reinforcement: (3) ______ a negative consequence or behavior.
●Punishment: Subjecting an individual to a negative condition (4) ________ to improper behavior.
BM techniques
for children
●For parents: Realizing these techniques are helpful in leading to quick results, but they are not totally (5) ________.
Effective ways
●Communicating (6) ________ with children and focusing more on the child­parent relationship.
●Making the reward more of a privilege rather than a reward.
●Remembering to (7) ________ to the same technique and apply it whenever there is a chance.
●For teachers: Realizing both parents and teachers have equally important roles.
Effective ways
●Playing their role through classroom management designed for the (8) ________ of potential problems.
●Teaching (9) ________ skills needed in our society.
●Monitoring children's behavior continuously.
(10) ________
Proper parenting and an affectionate environment play an irreplaceable role in encouraging proper behavior in children.


1．Definition　信息概括题。根据第二段第一句及表格右栏中的内容可知，这里是behavior modification的定义，故填Definition。
2．desired/proper/appropriate　直接信息题。根据第三段第二句和第三句可知，积极强化指的是通过给予奖励的方式来强化想要的或合适的行为。故填desired/proper/appropriate。
3．Removing　信息转换题。根据第三段中的“Negative reinforcement behavioral strategies are based on the removal of a negative consequence or behavior”可知，负面强化的行为策略是基于移除负面后果或行为的，此句中的removal是关键词汇，故填Removing。
4．due/owing/thanks　信息转换题。根据第三段中的“because of inappropriate behavior”可知，此处应填due/owing/thanks。due/owing/thanks to是固定用法，意为“因为，由于”。
5．reliable/dependable　信息转换题。根据第四段中的“parents should realize that these techniques can't be relied upon totally ... ”可知，父母在矫正孩子的行为时不能完全依靠这些技巧。故填reliable/dependable。
6．effectively　信息转换题。根据第四段中的“This can be done through effective communication”可知，父母要与孩子进行有效的交流。故填副词effectively。

7．stick/keep　信息转换题。根据第四段中的“A parent should also be consistent with his technique and apply it whenever there is a chance”可知，父母应该坚持使用同样的方法。stick/keep to意为“坚持”。
8．prevention　信息转换题。根据最后一段中的“Teachers play their role through preventive classroom management”可知，老师通过预防课堂问题行为来优化课堂管
理。句中的preventive是关键词汇，再结合空前的the和空后的of可知应填prevention。
9．problem­solving　信息转换题。根据最后一段中的“teaching skills for solving social problems like alternative thinking”可知，此处指的是教给学生处理问题的技能，故填problem­solving。
10．Conclusion　信息概括题。根据文章最后一段及右栏的内容可知，此处指的是结论，故填Conclusion。
专题限时检测(二十六)　任务型阅读(三)
(限时24分钟)
A
(2017·苏、锡、常、镇高三三模)
Molecules (分子) found on phones
reveal lifestyle secrets
What does your phone say about you? Molecules found on mobile phones reveal an astonishing amount of information about the owner's health and lifestyle — including their food preferences and medication.
Californian scientists found traces of everything from caffeine and spices to skin creams and antidepressants (抗抑郁药物) on 40 phones they tested. We leave traces of molecules, chemicals and bacteria on everything we touch. Even washing hands thoroughly would not prevent the transfer to everyday objects, the researchers said. Using a technique called mass spectrometry (光谱测定), the University of California, San Diego research team tested 500 samples taken from 40 adults' mobile phones and hands. They then compared them with molecules identified in a database and produced a “lifestyle profile” of each phone owner.
Dr Amina Bouslimani, an assistant project scientist on the study, said the results were revealing. “By analysing the molecules they left behind on their phones, we could tell if a person is likely to be female, uses high­end cosmetics (化妆品), dyes her hair, drinks coffee, prefers beer to wine, likes spicy food, is being treated for depression, wears sunscreen and bug spray — and therefore likely to spend a lot of time outdoors — all kinds of things，” she said.
Most of the molecules are thought to be transferred from people's skin, hands and sweat to their phone. Mosquito repellents (驱蚊剂) and sunscreens were found to stay for a particularly long time on people's skin and phones, even when they had not been used for months. Previous research by the same team found that people who had not washed for three days still had lots of traces of health and beauty products on their skin.
The study said the testing method could identify an object's owner without fingerprints. It could also check if patients were taking their medication. Besides, it could provide useful information about a person's exposure to pollution.
The researchers now want to find out more about the great quantity of bacteria that cover our skin — and what they reveal about us. Senior author Prof Pieter Dorrestein said there were at least 1,000 different microbes living on the average person's skin, in hundreds of locations on the body.
Molecules (分子) found on phones reveal lifestyle secrets
Research result
Your mobile phones convey a large amount of information on your personal health and lifestyle.
(1)______
research
People who had not washed for three days still had lots of traces of health and beauty products on their skin.
Research
(2)______
● Molecules, chemicals and bacteria can be traced on mobile phones (3)________the habit of washing hands thoroughly.
●With the help of a(n) (4) ________， researchers tested 500 samples from 40 phones.
●(5)________ the samples with molecules identified in a database, scientists produced a “lifestyle profile” of each phone owner.
●Based on the (6)________ of the molecules, scientists could tell a person's gender, habits, hobbies, etc.
Practical
application
●The testing method can tell an object's owner's (7)________ in the absence of fingerprints.
●Information about a person's medication can be checked.
●How much a person is (8) ________to pollution can be traced.
(9)______
research
The researchers want to have a better (10) ________of bacteria covering our skin.

语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，手机上的分子会泄露有关其主人的健康和生活方式方面的信息。
1．Previous　信息概括题。根据表格右栏的内容及第四段最后一句“Previous research by the same team found that people who had not washed for three days ... on their skin.”可知，此处讲的是先前的研究成果。
2．details/information　信息概括题。根据第二、三段的内容及表格右栏中的信息可知，此处介绍的是研究的具体情况/信息。
3．despite　信息转换题。根据第二段中的“...Even washing hands thoroughly would not prevent ...”可知，即使你有彻底洗手的习惯，手机上也会留下分子、化学品和细菌的痕迹。
4．technique　直接信息题。根据第二段中的“Using a technique called mass spectrometry (光谱测定)”可知，研究人员使用了一种被称作光谱测定法的技术。
5．Comparing　信息转换题。根据第二段最后一句话中的“They then compared them with molecules identified in a database”可知，研究人员将收集的样本与他们在数据库中找到的分子进行了比较。
6．analysis/analyses　信息转换题。根据第三段第二句话中的“By analysing the molecules they left behind on their phones ...”可知，根据对分子的研究分析，研究人员可以辨别一个人的性别、习惯、爱好等。
7．identity/identification　信息转换题。根据第五段第一句话中的“the testing method could identify an object's owner without fingerprints”可知，即使没有指纹，这种测验方式也可以识别出物体的主人的身份。
8．exposed　信息转换题。根据第五段最后一句话中的“... about a person's exposure to pollution”可知，这种测验方式能提供有关一个人接触污染的程度的信息。
9．Future/Further　信息概括题。根据表格右栏中的信息及最后一段的内容尤其是“find out more about the great quantity of bacteria that cover our skin ...”可知，此处内容有关未来的/进一步的研究。
10．understanding/knowledge　信息转换题。根据最后一段第一句话中的“find out more about the great quantity of bacteria that cover our skin”可知，研究人员想要更好地了解我们皮肤上的细菌。
B
(2017·苏州高三一模)
Are we more narcissistic (自恋的) than ever before?
Like the flower, narcissism has continued to flourish in modern civilization, which has become such a part of culture. But narcissism in psychology is more than a single question can capture, which really has three types of narcissism. Problems arise when people discuss narcissism without identifying the form.
Grandiose (浮夸) narcissism is the outgoing, extraverted (外向) form. The narcissistic individual believes he or she is smarter, better­looking and more important than others. And, of course, he or she gets special treatment for this fact. In fact, some of them can be very charming, likable and enjoy people. On the opposite side, narcissistic relationships are often not very emotionally warm or caring.
Vulnerable (脆弱) narcissism is the second flavor of narcissism. It is harder to see than grandiose narcissism. Vulnerable narcissists think they have the right to get special treatment and greatness but actually have low self­confidence and are not typically extraverted. Imagine someone living in his mum's small room. He spends his evenings watching The X Factor believing he should be the next famous star singing act. Unfortunately, he hasn't the confidence to do it and instead becomes a netizen, who posts offensive, controversial, or divisive materials on an Internet community.
The third form of narcissism occurs when narcissism is extreme and causes clinically serious problems in a person's life — marriages fall apart, friends are lost, a career is over. When this occurs narcissism can be identified as a personality disorder — narcissistic personality disorder (also known as NPD ), containing a mix of both grandiose and vulnerable narcissism.
Can you change narcissism or NPD? There is no simple answer to this. For grandiose narcissism, what I often do is suggest practicing caring and compassion, doing what you are passionate about rather than what gets your attention and being responsible for your mistakes as well as successes.For vulnerable narcissism I would add to this list with practices that reduce depression and anxiety. Develop a sense of belonging or a friendship network; participate in physical exercise; or practice a form of emptying your mind of thoughts and feelings. For NPD, there is no single, scientifically affirmed treatment of choice. But pay attention to the following. First, people with NPD are often reluctant to enter treatment because in their mind they do not have a problem — everyone else does. Second, it is challenging for doctors to keep individuals with NPD in treatment.
Narcissism is increasing and while social media hasn't been proven to actually create narcissists, it does give them a new platform to gain attention and admiration. Still, I remain optimistic that people can change if they are motivated, have the right tools, and know what type of narcissism they are dealing with.

Are we more narcissistic (自恋的) than ever before？
Current
situations
about
narcissism
·Narcissism has developed to become a part of culture.
·Narcissism is more (1)________ than expected in psychology.
(2)______ of narcissism in divided types
·A narcissist is outgoing and socially confident, sometimes showing loveliness.
·A narcissist considers himself to be such an unusual person as to be treated
(3)________．
·A narcissist is often cold and likely to (4)________ care in emotion towards others.
·Vulnerable narcissism is more (5)________ than grandiose narcissism.
·A narcissist isn't actually confident though in his opinion he (6)________ special things.
·Narcissism is quite extreme to cause serious problems in the clinic, affecting the personal life.
The
approaches to treating narcissism or NPD
·Be more considerate, do favorite things and take (7)________ for whatever they do.
·Try to (8)________ by making more friends, doing exercise and so on.
·Help people with NPD to realize they have problems and not to (9)________ treatment.
The future trend
·Narcissism is increasing perhaps because of social media.
·Narcissism can be (10)________ if handled actively in proper ways.


1．complicated/complex　信息转换题。根据第一段中的“But narcissism in psychology is more than a single question can capture”可知，心理学上的自恋不仅仅是一个简单的问题，显然此处是在暗示其是“复杂的”问题，所以填complicated/complex。
2．Features/Characteristics　信息概括题。根据文章第二至四段及表格右栏的内容可知，这里说的是自恋的“特点”，所以填Features/Characteristics。
3．specially　信息转换题。根据第二段中的“he or she gets special treatment for this fact”可知，自恋者认为自己应该被“特别地(specially)”对待。

4．lack　信息转换题。根据第二段最后一句可知，从相反的角度来看，自恋者之间的关系通常缺乏情感上的温暖和关怀。故填lack。
5．hidden/concealed　信息转换题。根据第三段第二句可知，脆弱型自恋比浮夸型自恋更难观察到，这就暗示出，脆弱型自恋是更为隐蔽的(hidden/concealed)。
6．deserves　信息转换题。根据第三段中的“Vulnerable narcissists think they have the right to get special treatment ...”可知，脆弱型自恋者认为他们有权利得到特殊的对待，即他们认为自己应得到特殊的对待，所以填deserves，意思是“值得，应得”。
7．responsibility　信息转换题。根据第五段中的“being responsible for your mistakes”可知，此处指要对自己的错误负责。根据此空的结构来判断，要用responsible的名词形式构成固定搭配take responsibility for ...“对……负责任”。
8．relax　信息转换题。根据第五段中的“I would add to this list with practices that reduce depression and anxiety.”可知，作者在此处建议要增加可以减轻压抑和忧虑的练习，即要放松(relax)。
9．refuse　信息转换题。根据第五段中的“people with NPD are often reluctant to enter treatment”可知，患这种疾病的人通常不愿意接受治疗，故此处指帮助他们不要拒绝(refuse)治疗。
10．changed/changeable　信息转换题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，此处指如果自恋得以正确处理的话，自恋这一状况可得到改变。故此处可填changed/changeable。
专题限时检测(二十七)　任务型阅读(四)
(限时24分钟)
A
(2017·苏北四市高三一模)
Is Cash Becoming Outdated?
When he rolls into a gas station to fill his tank, Barkhad Dahir doesn't get out of his car. He pushes a few buttons on his cellphone and within seconds he has paid for the fuel. With the same quick pushes on his phone, he pays for virtually everything he needs: groceries at the supermarket, a few oranges from a market stall, or a cup of sweet milky tea from a café. “Everyone here has his own bank with easy access，” boasts Mr.Dahir. “Even lying in bed, you can be paying your bills.”
Electronic payments offer consumers convenience, provide revenue for banks, credit card companies and payment processors, and offer merchants improved cash flow and convenience. “I don't even carry money any more，” says Adan Abokor, a democracy activist. “I haven't seen cash for a long time. Almost every merchant, even hawker (小贩) on the street, accepts payment by cellphone. There's no waiting for it and no counting of cash.”
The system is impressively simple and secure. Purchases are made by dialing a three­digit number, entering a four­digit PIN, and then entering the retailer's payment number and the amount of money. Both customers and merchants receive text messages to confirm the payment.
Clearing up cash payments has several advantages as well. The printing and handling of money is expensive. Cash payments can be anonymous and hard to track criminal activities to be conducted in secret. Many governments favor reducing cash dealings in order to better monitor and understand the activities of their citizens. The Swedish government has been discussing the removing of cash since 2010.
However, some people doubt what members of a cashless society do when the power goes off. Do they choose to barter (物物交换) and rob? Do they sit at home and wait? What happens to people who rely on their cellphones to process money dealings when cell service and the Internet are interrupted? A world affected by terrorism and increasingly violent weather may not yet be ready to abandon currency. “Ironically, the day after the largest bank in Norway, DNB, proposed ending all cash dealings, I went to my local grocery store and when I tried to pay by phone, I was told that I needed to go to the ATM to get cash because the system was broken，” said an interviewee.
Other people fear that electronic payments may create security and fraud risks and enable dealings to be tracked and reported.
Privacy, security and convenience are all important factors in the adoption of electronic payment technology. New technologies which balance and address these factors may enable people to remove cash.
Is Cash Becoming Outdated？
Passage outline
Supporting details
An example of electronic payments
Barkhad Dahir claims that he can almost purchase (1)________ he needs by using his mobile phone.
Reasons for the (2)________ for electronic
payments
·They can be more (3)________ without waiting in line or counting the cash, whose characteristics include (4)________ and simplicity.
·They reduce the cost of printing money and allow the government to (5)________ cash activities.
Possible
(6)________ of electronic
payments
·Some people are (7)________ whether electronic payments can still be effective during times when the power goes off.
·There are (8)________ that electronic payments may create security and fraud risks.
·It is possible that electronic dealings can be (9)________ and reported for illegal use.
Conclusion
Cash is not (10)________ to be completely replaced unless privacy, security and convenience are balanced and settled.

语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。电子支付日益盛行，那么现金会被电子支付取代吗？本文针对这一话题展开了论述。
1．everything/whatever　直接信息题。根据第一段第三句话可知，他可以用手机买到他需要的所有东西。故空格处可填everything/whatever。
2．preference　信息概括题。根据表格右栏的内容可知，这里讲的是人们偏爱电子支付的原因，所以填preference“偏爱”。
3．time­saving/convenient　信息转换题。根据第二段第一句话中的“... offer consumers convenience”及最后一句话“There's no waiting for it and no counting of cash.”可知，顾客使用电子支付既不需要排队等候，也不需要清点现金，故电子支付更加省时、方便快捷。
4．security　信息转换题。根据第三段第一句话“The system is impressively simple and secure.”可知，这个支付系统非常简单而且安全可靠。根据题干可知，这里需要用secure的名词形式与后面的simplicity相对应。故填security。
5．monitor　直接信息题。根据第四段第四句话“Many governments favor reducing cash dealings in order to better monitor and understand the activities of their citizens.”可知，使用电子支付可以减少现金流通，方便政府更好地监控现金流通行为。
6．drawbacks/shortcomings/disadvantages/problems/weaknesses　信息概括题。根据表格右栏的内容可知，此处主要讲的是电子支付的缺点和不足之处。
7．doubtful/skeptical/sceptical　信息转换题。根据第五段的内容可知，本段主要讲的是人们对电子支付的一些疑惑，其中第一句话中的“doubt”是提示。
8．fears/worries/concerns　信息转换题。根据第六段中的“Other people fear that electronic payments may create security and fraud risks and ...”可知，人们害怕/担心电子支付会带来安全和诈骗风险。
9．tracked　直接信息题。根据第六段“...enable dealings to be tracked and reported”中的“tracked”可直接得到答案。
10．likely　信息概括题。根据最后一段可知，隐私、安全和便利性都是使用电子支付技术的重要因素。平衡和解决这些问题的新科技可能会使得电子支付代替现金。由此可推知，在同隐私、安全和便利性相关的问题得到解决之前，现金不可能被完全替代。be (not) likely to do“(不)可能做某事”为固定用法。
B
(2017·通、扬、泰、淮高三三模)We all need to feel understood, recognized and affirmed (证实) by our friends, family and romantic partners. We all need to find our tribe.
Research has shown that among the benefits that come with being in a relationship or group, feeling accepted is regarded as the most important driver of meaning. When other people think you matter and treat you as if you matter, you believe you matter, too.
Though we all share a need to belong, in the first decades of the 20th century, many influential psychologists and physicians did not acknowledge this fundamental aspect of human nature. The idea that children needed parental love and care to live a full and meaningful life was not only considered medically dangerous, but it was dismissed as immoral and disgusting.
As behavioural psychology came into fashion and academic psychologists turned their attention to child­raising, this view shifted and they began to examine and affirm the vital importance of attachment in early life. They discovered that people, whatever their age, needed more than food and shelter to live full and healthy lives.
But, sadly, many of us lack close ties. At a time when we are more connected digitally than ever before, rates of social isolation (孤立) are rising. The results of an Age UK poll published recently suggest that half a million people over the age of 60 usually spend each day alone, and it's not unusual for another half a million people to go five or six days without seeing or speaking to someone.
All these figures reveal more than a rise in loneliness — they reveal a lack of meaning in people's lives. In surveys, we list our close relationships as our most important sources of meaning. Research shows that people who are lonely and isolated feel their lives are less meaningful.
While close relationships are critical for living a meaningful life, they are not the only important social bonds we need to cultivate (培养). Psychologists have also discovered the value of small moments of intimacy (亲昵行为). “High­quality connections”， as one researcher calls them, are positive, short­term interactions between two people when a couple holds hands on a walk or when two strangers have an empathetic (移情作用的) conversation on a plane. High­quality connections have the potential to unlock meaning in our interactions with acquaintances, colleagues and strangers.
We can't control whether someone will make a high­quality connection with us, but we can all choose to start one. We can say hello to a stranger on the street rather than look away. We can choose to value people rather than devalue them. We can invite people to belong.
Passage outline
Supporting details
The need to belong
◆Everyone hopes to develop a (1)______ of belonging in a group.
◆People's self­respect is (2) ________ by other people's opinion.
The changing (3) ______to belonging
◆Many famous experts in the first decades of the 20th century (4) ________ that people had the need to belong.
◆Experts later came to realize that people, regardless of their age, needed (5) ________ to enjoy full and healthy lives.
Consequences of (6)______close ties
◆Many people are cut off from the world and feel (7) ________.
◆People who do not have enough close relationships find their life has less (8) ________.
Another way to meet the need
◆High­quality connections make a (9) ________ in helping satisfy our need to belong.
◆We should (10) ________ to make a high­quality connection.

语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。每个人都想在团体中有归属感，为此我们应该主动建立高质量的社会纽带。
1．sense/feeling　信息概括题。根据第一段中的“We all need to find our tribe.”和第二段中的“... in a relationship or group, feeling accepted is regarded as the most important driver of meaning”可知，每个人都想在团体中有归属感。a sense/feeling of belonging“归属感”。
2．influenced/affected/shaped/determined/decided　信息概括题。根据第二段中的“When other people think you matter and treat you as if you matter, you believe you matter, too.”可知，人的自尊受其他人观点的影响。
3．attitudes　信息概括题。根据第三段中的“The idea that children needed ...but it was dismissed as immoral and disgusting.”和第四段中的“... this view shifted”可知，该部分的主题是人们对归属感态度(attitudes)的改变。
4．denied　信息概括题。根据第三段中的“Though we all share a need to belong ...did not acknowledge this fundamental aspect of human nature.”可知，20世纪初期的很多专家否认(denied)人们需要归属感。
5．attachment/love/care 　直接信息题。根据第四段中的“... they began to examine and affirm the vital importance of attachment ...shelter to live full and healthy lives.”可知，专家后来意识到人们需要依恋或关爱(attachment/love/care)来享受充实、健康的生活。
6．lacking　信息转换题。第五段中的“But, sadly, many of us lack close ties.”是第五、六段的论述要点。再结合右栏的内容可知，该部分谈及缺乏(lacking)亲密关系的后果。
7．lonely/isolated/alone　信息概括题。根据第五段中的内容可知，很多人与世隔绝，感到孤独或寂寞(lonely/isolated/alone)。
8．meaning　信息转换题。根据第六段中的“...Research shows that people who are lonely and isolated feel their lives are less meaningful.”可知，缺乏亲密关系的人觉得生活的意义(meaning)更小。
9．difference　信息概括题。根据第七段中的“‘High­quality connections’， as one researcher calls them ... High­quality connections have the potential to unlock meaning in our interactions with acquaintances, colleagues and strangers.”可知，高质量的社会纽带在帮助人们满足归属需求方面有重大意义。make a difference“有(重要)作用，有影响，有关系”。
10．start/offer/try/attempt　直接信息题。根据最后一段中的“We can't control whether someone will make a high­quality connection with us, but we can all choose to start one.”可知，人们应该主动开始/提出/尝试 (start/offer/try/attempt) 建立高质量的社会纽带。