2020-2021学年Unit 4 Natural disasters复习练习题

必修Book 1 Unit 5 Languages Around the World

必备知识基础检测

一、词汇知识检测

I、写作词汇知其形[注意英译汉]

1.                 adj. 出生地的；本地的；土著的 n. 本地人

2.                 n. 态度；看法

3.                 n. 方式；方法；途径

4.                 n. 尊重；关注 vt. 把……视为；看待

5.                 vt. 欣赏；重视；感激；领会 vi. 增值

6.                 n. & vi. 斗争；奋斗；搏斗

7.                 n. 要求；需求 vt. 强烈要求；需要 vi. 查问

8.                 n. 描写(文字)；形容

9.                 n. 公共事物；事件；关系

10.                 prep. 即使；尽管

II、语法词汇知其变[注意词性变化]

1. base vt. 以……为据点；以……为基础 n. 底部；根据→                adj. 以(某事)为基础的；以……为重要部分(或特征)的→                n. 基础；根据；基点→                adj. 基础的；基本的；根本的；初级的→                adv. 本质上；基本上；(口)说白了；说穿了

2. symbol n. 符号；象征→                adj. 象征性的→                vt. 象征；代表

3.                 n. (植物、语言等的)变体；异体；多样化→                v. 变化无常；多变；存在不同之处；使多样化→                adj. 多种(类型)的；各种各样的；不同的→                adj. 各种各样的；形形色色的

4.                 adj. 主要的；重要的；大的 n. 主修课程；主修学生 vi. 主修；专门研究→                n. 大多数；大部分

5.                 adj. 全球的；全世界的→                n. 地球仪；球；球状物

6.                 n. 指称关系；参考→               vi. 提到；参考；查阅 vt. 涉及；使……求助于

7.                 n. 同等的人；相等物 adj. 相同的；同样的→                adv. 平等地→                n. 平等

8.                 adj. 特殊的→                adj.特定的；明确的；具体的→                adv. 尤其；特别

9. relate vt. 联系；讲述→                adj. 有关系的；有关联的→                n. 关系

III、阅读词汇知其意[注意英译汉]

1. billion n.                　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

2. system n.               

3. factor n.                 

4. bone n.               

5. shell n.                 

6. carve vt. & vi.               

7. dynasty n.                 

8. dialect n.               

9. classic adj.                 　n.               

10. character n.                 

11. calligraphy n.               

12. tongue n.                 

13. semester n.               

14. gas n.                 

15. petrol n.               

16. subway n.                 

17. apartment n.               

18. pants n.               

19. beg vt.                 

20. gap n.               

21. vocabulary n.                 

22. CE (＝Common Era)               

IV、重点短语知搭配[注意固定短语的英汉互译]

1.                 如果可能的话

2.                追溯到

3.                起初

4.                 浮沉；兴衰；荣辱

5.                有……困难

6.                与……连接

7.                十分重要

8.                观点；看法

9.                 依靠；依赖；取决于

10.                 与……相关；涉及；谈到

11.                 指的是；描述；提到；查阅

V、核心单词知用法[注意固定短语、句型和词块]

1. base vt. 以……为据点；以……为基础 n. 底部；根据

单句语法填空

①(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based                 our present mental register.

②(2019·天津卷)Scientists have built an early­warning system                 (base) on mathematical models.

③                (base) on a true love story, the film we watched yesterday is highly thought of.

④                (base) an important decision more on emotion than on reason, you will regret it sooner or later.

⑤As far as I'm concerned, common hobbies are the                 (base) of making friends.

⑥They have to have a                 (base) understanding of computers in order to use the advanced technology.

句式升级

(普通表达)The movie was based on a real­life incident. And it turned out to be a success.

⑦(高级表达)The movie,                               a real­life incident, turned out to be a success. (过去分词短语作定语)

2. variety n. (植物、语言等的)变体；异体；多样化

单句语法填空

①(2020·天津卷)Libraries will often hold reading­group sessions targeted to                 (variety) age groups.

②                (vary) of celebrations will be organised to display the agricultural harvest.

词汇升级

(普通表达) One satellite television has held all kinds of popular talent shows.

③(高级表达) One satellite television has held                                popular talent shows.

3. means n. 方式；方法；途径

单句语法填空

①(2020·江苏卷)—Do you know anything about Zhang Zhongjing?

—By                 means. He has been honored as a master doctor since the Eastern Han Dynasty.

②(江苏卷)Watching films is regarded as                 good means of entertainment.

③Students sometimes support themselves                 means of doing part­time jobs.

④(上海卷)Every possible means                 (have) been used to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear.

补全句子/句式升级

⑤(普通表达)Punishment is                                (决不) a wise choice to help children grow up mentally and physically.

⑥(高级表达)                                    to help children grow up mentally and physically. (倒装句)

4. appreciate vt. 欣赏；重视；感激；领会；理解 vi. 增值

单句语法填空

①(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)This is often                 (appreciate) since at a housewarming there isn't a lot of food served.

②(全国卷Ⅰ)I'd appreciate your                 (write) me back at your earliest convenience.

③I appreciate                 (give) the opportunity to work in your company two years ago.

④I would like to convey my sincere                (appreciate) to you for your assistance.

一句多译

(2018·全国卷 Ⅰ)如果你能考虑我的建议，我将感激不尽。

⑤                               you could take my suggestions into consideration. (appreciate)

⑥                               you could take my advice into account. (grateful)

5. struggle n. & vi. 斗争；奋斗；搏斗

单句语法填空

①(2019·天津卷)Would you bet on the future of this man？He is 53 years old. Most of his adult life has been a losing struggle                debt and misfortune.

②We have to struggle                 all kinds of difficulties from home and abroad                 freedom.

③(2019·江苏卷)He struggled                 (explain) what he heard in his head.

④(浙江卷)The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle                 (hear).

⑤—Why didn't you give a hand to the boy?

—I'd like to, but he struggled                 his feet before I tried to.

句式升级 

(普通表达)Dina had struggled for months to find a job as a waitress, and finally took a position at a local advertising agency.

⑥(高级表达)                               a job as a waitress, Dina finally took a position at a local advertising agency.(现在分词短语作状语)

6. equal n. 同等的人；相等物 adj. 相同的；同样的

 单句语法填空

①Be positive and cheerful, for your mental health is equal                 your physical health.

②He is equal to                 (accomplish) the task, for no one equals him                 the area.

③Black people had to fight for social and economic                 (equal) with whites.

④Anyone, whether he is an official or a bus driver, should be                 (equal) respected.

一句多译

在勇气方面没有人比得上他，这一点大家都清楚。

⑤No one                               ，about which everyone knows.(equal v. )

⑥No one                               ,about which everyone knows.(equal adj.)

7. demand n. 要求；需求 vt. 强烈要求；需要 vi. 查问

单句语法填空

①(2020·浙江卷)Those who had held mentally stimulating(刺激),                 (demand) jobs before retirement tended to do the best on the tests.

②(2019·江苏卷)More wind power stations will spring up to meet the demand                 clean energy.

③The teacher came to the classroom and demanded                 (tell) what was going on just now.

④My car demands                (repair), so I have to go to work by bus.

⑤The boss demanded that everyone                (attend) the meeting to be held tomorrow.

词汇升级

(普通表达) Mo Yan's novels are needed greatly in this city since he won the Nobel Prize for Literature.

⑥(高级表达) Mo Yan's novels are                                in this city since he won the Nobel Prize for Literature.

8. date back (to ...)(＝date from)追溯到……；始于

单句语法填空

①The old town                 (date) back to the late seventeenth century.

②               (date)back to 300 years ago，the stone house is well preserved.

③(天津卷)The dictionary is                 of date: many words have been added to the language since it was published.

④I have had many books on literature                 date, but none of them are                 to date.

⑤As far as I know, they have set the date                 the meeting.

句式升级

(普通表达)The festival is held in November every year. It dates back to the Ming Dynasty to celebrate the harvest in autumn.

⑥(高级表达)The festival                                to celebrate the harvest in autumn is held in November every year. (现在分词短语作定语)

VI、高级结构会变通[注意高级在写作中的仿写]

1. be＋of＋抽象名词

单句语法填空

①(全国卷Ⅰ)The “Foreign Culture” section in our newspaper is                 great popularity among us students.

②Now I am very happy in the new school because I have a lot of good friends of                 age.

③Your suggestions on how to solve the problem are very                 (use) to us.

词汇升级

(普通表达) This reference book is useless to middle school students so we had better consider buying others.

④(高级表达)This reference book is                                to middle school students so we had better consider buying others.

2. the reason why ...

There are many reasons why this has been possible, but one of the main factors has been the Chinese writing system.

他不能到那里去的原因是他卧病在床。

                                              he could not go there was that he was ill in bed.

3. no matter where ...

Even today, no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak, they can all still communicate in writing.

无论你去什么地方，你都应该让你父母知道。

                                             ,you should let your parents know.

4. the＋比较级， the＋比较级

It was exercise for the brain; the more I learnt of a language, the more my brain would grow.

我们跟他相处的时间越长，他就会在我们中间越受欢迎。

                               we get along with him,                                with us he will be.

二、语法知识检测

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．The reason for                 she changed her mind is quite clear.

2．The days                 they travelled together meant a lot to him.

3．The hotel in                 we stayed was very clean.

4．The house                 he lived 10 years ago has been pulled down.

5．Nobody knows the reason for                 she didn't attend the meeting.

6．I'll never forget the time                 we visited Xi'an.

7．I didn't get a pay rise, but this wasn't the reason                 I left.

8．We visited the car factory                 my uncle once worked three years ago.

9．This is the factory                 I visited last year.

10．The train                 has just left is for Shanghai.

Ⅱ.对比填空(每空一词)

1．①This is the factory                 the most expensive cars are made.

②Is this the factory                 makes laptop computers?

2．①The old couple will never forget the days                 they had a summer camp in Australia.

②The volunteers will never forget the days                 they spent together in Guangzhou.

3．①Do you know the reason                 he didn't vote for your party?

②Do you believe the reason                 he gave for his spending so much money in a week?

4．①There are two points                 we must stick to.

②Their relationship has reached the point                 they have to divorce.

5．①Jinan is a city                 there are many well­known springs.

②Jinan is a city                 is famous for its famous springs.

6．①The girl lives in the house                 is opposite ours.

②The girl lives in the house                 door is painted red.

③The girl lives in the house                 she was born and brought up.

④The girl lives in the house of                 the door is painted red.

Ⅲ.用适当的关系词补全下面的短文

I have a close friend  is called Irene. I've known her for about 15 years now. We met at work—she was a colleague of mine at the company  I used to work, and we used to have our coffee breaks at the same time.

We get on very well although we don't have a lot in common—we have quite different interests. From 2010 on, during  time I changed jobs, we lost touch for a couple of years. But now we phone each other once a week, and we see each other about twice a month. We have completely different tastes in films, and that's the only reason  we sometimes argue.

三、语篇知识检测

假定你是李华，你校留学生部有很多外国学生发现中文很难学，你决定写一篇帖文发在自己的博客上，写作要点如下：

1．说明很多留学生面临的困难；2.提出合理的建议。

注意：1.词数80左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

第一步：认真审题　谋篇布局

第二步：核心词汇　想周全

1．越来越多的　              

2．很重要                

3．汉语母语者                

4．保持积极的态度                

5．起起伏伏                

第三步：由词及句　雏形现

1．尽管越来越多的外国学生学习汉语，对他们而言学好汉语有点费力。

Though                               it may be                                for them to learn it well.

2．语言学习情况往往如此，学习汉语也需要练习               。

As is always the case with language learning,                .

3．阅读中文书籍很重要。

4．为提高汉语口语， 应该多和汉语母语者交流。

To improve your spoken Chinese, you should                                              .

5．看中文电影或电视节目是有帮助的。

6．尽管会有很多起起伏伏，但应保持积极的态度。

                                             though there                                 .

7．听中文越多，你在讲中国话方面就越流利。

The more                                you will become in it.

第四步：扩展升级　造亮点

利用despite the fact that改写句6

第五步：合理过渡　完美卷面