【五年高考真题】最新五年英语高考真题分项汇编——专题06《动词的时态、语态和主谓一致》
展开专题06 动词的时态、语态和主谓一致
全国各地历年高考真题全收录—动词的时态、语态和主谓一致
1.(2022新高考I卷)The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that __________ (be)previously unprotected,
答案:were
解析:考查时态和主谓一致。句意:该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区,将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构,以提高效率,减少管理上的不一致性。设空处在that引导的限制性定语从句中作谓语,先行词为a significant number of areas,先行词在从句中作主语,根据“previously (之前地)”可知从句的时态应为一般过去时,根据主谓一致,从句主语复数,从句谓语复数形式。故填were。
2.(2022新高考I卷)After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP __________ (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”.
答案:is designed
解析:考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意:GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性,保护生物多样性,保护生态缓冲区,为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。设空处在句中作谓语,和句子的主语The GPNP之间为被动关系;叙述客观事实,应用一般现在时。故设空处应为一般现在时的被动语态,主语单数,谓语单数形式。故填is designed。
3(2022全国甲卷)In the last five years, Cao ___________ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents
答案:has walked
解析:考查动词时态。句意:在过去五年中,曹操穿越了六大洲的34个国家,2016年,他到达了乞力马扎罗山顶,这是非洲最高的山峰。根据时间状语in the last five years可知,此处应用现在完成时,主语Cao为第三人称单数,助动词用has。故填has walked。
4.(2022全国乙卷)The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society ___________ (address) the opening ceremony.
答案:addressed
解析:考查时态。句意:中国文化促进会会长在开幕式上致辞。陈述过去事情,用一般过去时。故填addressed。
5(2022年浙江卷1月)Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like frequently by plane ________(view) as important for scientists to get together and exchange information.
答案:is viewed或has been viewed
解析:考查被动语态。句意:对科学家而言,旅行去参加会议、讲座、工作室之类的地方来相聚并交流信息这件事被视为是重要的。描述人们普遍认知的事情用一般现在时,此处也可以表示强调人们从过去到现在的认知,动名词作主语与主谓之间存在被动关系,故填is viewed或has been viewed。
6(2022年浙江卷1月)But Cobb and others ________ (be) now questioning that idea pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely, and ________(change) their personal behavior to do their part in dealing with the climate change crisis.
答案:are;changing
解析:考查时态和主谓一致。句意:但是现在Cobb和其他人正在质疑那个想法,推动会议提供更多远程参加的机会以及为了尽自己的能力来应对气候变化危机,他们正在改变他们的个人行为。第一空:根据句意可知,此处也应使用现在进行时,主语为复数,故填are。第二空:分析句子结构可知,此处and连接并列的动词questioning和change,故填changing。
7(2022年浙江卷1月)On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, roughly 200 academics —many of them climate scientists __________ (promise) to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago.
答案:have promised
解析:考查时态。句意:例如,在一个叫“无飞行科学家”的网站上,自从两年前成立以来,大约有200个学者,他们中很多人承诺尽可能少飞行。根据时间状语“since+过去时间”可知主句应使用现在完成时,故填have promised。
8(2021新课标I卷)You can’t help wondering how hard it ___________(be)for the people then to put all those rocks into place.
答案:was
解析:句意为:你不禁要问,当时的人们要把这些石头放好有多难,根据时间状语then,可知描述过去的事情,所以用一般过去时态,主语为it,故填was.
9(2021新课标II卷)Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic, I'd send an email. One of the biggest companies I wrote to _______________ (be) Alaska Airlines Paris.
答案:was
解析:考查时态和主谓一致。句意:我给写信的最大的公司之一是巴黎阿拉斯加航空公司。 根据定语从句的谓语动词“wrote” 可知这里描述发生在过去的事情,用一般过去时;one of + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数结构中,谓语动词用单数,所以填was。
10(2021全国甲卷)The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. It __________ (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复).
答案:was built
解析:考查被动语态。句意:它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造的,现在已经完全修复了。分析句子可知,空格处为谓语,动词build和主语之间是被动关系,应用被动语态(be done),根据句意和时间状语the Tang dynasty可知,用一般过去时,谓语动词用过去式,主语it为第三人称单数,主谓一致,故填was built。
11(2021全国甲卷)We ____________ (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate.
答案:hired
解析:考查时态。句意:我们从南门的租赁处租了自行车。分析句子可知,此处为谓语动词,根据上下文可知,此处描述过去发生的事情,用一般过去时,谓语动词用过去式。故填hired。
12(2021年浙江卷)It doesn't impress like George Washington's plantation on the Potomac, but Lincoln's home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, _________ (prove)irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public.
答案:has proved
解析:考查动词。句意:它不像乔治华盛顿在波托马克河畔的种植园那样给人留下深刻印象,但林肯在伊利诺伊州斯普林菲尔德市中心的家,自从向公众开放以来,就被证明对游客来说是不可抗拒的。分析句子成分可知,设空处作谓语动词,Lincoln’s home in downtown Springfield Illinois作主语;结合句意及设空处后的时间状语从句since it opened to the public可知,此处指过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响,符合现在完成时概念,故设空处用现在完成时;现在完成时结构是has/have +过去分词;主语Lincoln’s home in downtown Springfield Illinois是第三人称单数,所以助动词用has,提示词prove 的过去分词形式是proved或proven。故填 has proved/ has proven。
13(2021年浙江卷) Mary's niece wrote, "The little home _________ (paint)white. It was sweet and fresh. Mary loved it.
答案:was painted
解析:考查被动语态。句意:这个小房子被漆成了白色。分析句子结构可知,设空处作谓语动词,The little home作主语。结合句意及常识可知,房子是“被漆”的,主语和谓语动词之间是被动关系,所以要用被动语态;根据上文的was built可知,此处为一般过去时态;一般过去时的被动语态结构是was/were+过去分词;主语The little home是单数第三人称,所以要用was,提示词paint的过去分词形式是painted。故填was painted。
14(2021年浙江卷)After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and ___________ (sell)most of their furniture.
答案:sold
解析:考查动词。句意:1861年林肯当选美国总统后,他们租了房子,卖掉了大部分家具。分析句子成分可知,设空处和前面的动词rented一起做并列谓语;根据时间状语1861可知,此处用一般过去时态,提示词sell的过去式形式是sold。故填sold。
15(2021年浙江卷1月)It is calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 ___ ____ (consider) healthy.
答案:is considered
解析:考查动词被动语态。句意:它的计算方法是用一个人的体重(公斤)除以身高(米)的平方,BMI在19到25之间被认为是健康的。分析句子结构可知,句子缺少谓语,主语(a BMI)是单数,时态是一般现在时,且主语和consider是表被动关系,故填is considered。
16(2021年浙江卷1月)The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased by 2.1 in women and men. In cities, however, the gain ____41____ (be) 1. 3 in women and 1. 6 in men.
答案:was
解析:考查主谓一致和动词时态。句意:然而,在城市中,女性增加了1.3,男性增加了1.6。分析句子结构可知,句子缺少谓语,主语(gain)是单数,时态是一般过去时,故填was。
17(2021年北京卷)As it ________ (connect) things,your brain turns them into a story, and you get a dream.
答案: connects
解析:考查时态。句意:当它连接事物时,你的大脑将它们变成一个故事,然后你就得到了一个梦。由主句谓语动词turns可知,空处从句的谓语动词需用一般现在时态,主语是第三人称单数it,所以空处谓语动词需用单数。故填connects。
18(2021年北京卷)There ________(be) a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years, causing largely by rising global temperatures, according to a new report from the United Nations.
答案:has been
解析:考查动词时态。句意:根据联合国的一份新报告,过去20年里,极端天气事件的数量急剧增加,这在很大程度上是由全球气温上升造成的。根据时间状语over the past 20 years可知,此处使用现在完成时,a dramatic rise是单数感念,助动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填has been。
19(2020新课标I卷)The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器) —the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess— __________ (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.
答案:touched
解析:考查时态。句意:无人月球探测器嫦娥四号——名字的灵感来源于古代的中国月亮女神——上周在南极艾特肯盆地着陆。此处是句子的谓语,根据时间状语last week可知应使用一般过去时,故填touched。
20(2020新课标I卷)“This really excites scientists,” Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, “because it __________ (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon __________ (construct)”.
答案:means; is constructed
解析:考查时态和主谓一致。句意:“这真的使科学家们激动,”布朗大学的一位科学家Carle Pieters说:“因为它意味着我们有机会获得月球是如何构造的信息。”根据上文“This really excites scientists”可知,此处也使用一般现在时,主语是it,所以空处谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式means,故填means。分析句子可知,此处是宾语从句谓语动词,谓语construct与主语the moon之间是被动关系,应使用被动语态,再由上下文可知此处应使用一般现在时,主语the moon是单数,故填is constructed。
21(2020新课标II卷)This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers ___________ (carry) special significance.
答案:carries
解析:考查时态和主谓一致。句意:这就是为什么用植物、水果和鲜花装饰具有特殊意义的原因。这是一个表语从句,从句主语为动名词短语decorating with plants, fruits and flowers,所以谓语动词用单数形式。故填carries。
22(2020新课标III卷)The artist was sure he would___________(choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old nan laughed.
答案:be chosen
解析:考查动词语态。句意:画家确信他会被选中,但是当他把他的杰作送给皇帝的宰相时,这位老人笑了。本句中主语he与谓语动词choose构成被动关系,且would后跟动词原形。故填be chosen。
23(2020新课标III卷)When he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and ___________ (point) down the river.
答案:pointed
解析:考查动词时态。句意:当他问河岸上的村民,他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时,他们笑着指着河的下游。根据上文they smiled and可知此处应用一般过去时。故填pointed。
24(2020山东卷)The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, ______ (form) the core collection of the British Museum which opened in 1759.
答案:formed
解析:考查动词时态。句意:例如,汉斯•斯隆爵士的8万件藏品构成了1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核心藏品。此处是谓语动词,根据时间状语in1759可知,应使用一般过去时。故填formed。
25(2020山东卷)The parts of a museum open to the public ______ (call) galleries or rooms.
答案:are called
解析:考查动词时态及语态。句意:博物馆对公众开放的部分被称为画廊或展厅。此处描述的是客观使用,应使用一般现在时;主语与call是逻辑动宾关系,应使用被动语态,且主语是复数概念。故填are called。
26(2020山东卷)Often, only a small part of a museum’s collection ______ (be) on display. Most of it is stored away or used for research.
答案:is
解析:考查主谓一致。句意:通常,博物馆只展出一小部分藏品。此处描述的是客观事实,应使用一般现在时,主语a small part of a museum’s collection是单数概念,谓语动词应使用第三人称单数形式,且后面的Most of it is stored away or used for research.中的is也是提示。故填is。
27(2020北京卷)Oliver is a host of a TV programme on food. He says food___ ___(play) a big role in his life.
答案:plays/has played/is playing/has been playing
解析:考查时态。句意:他说食物在他的生命中扮演着重要角色。此处表示现在的状态,也可以表示从过去一直到现在延续的状态,所以可以用现在时,现在进行时,现在完成时和现在完成进行时。故填plays/has played/is playing/has been playing。
28(2020北京卷)Single-use plastic bags are used at most a few times before they___ __(throw) away.
答案:are thrown
解析:考查时态语态。句意:一次性塑料袋在扔掉之前最多使用几次。本文讲的是客观事实,应该用一般现在时,主语they(Single-use plastic bags )和谓语动词throw之间是被动关系,应用一般现在时的被动语态,且谓语动词用复数形式。故填are thrown。
29(2020北京卷)The Neanderthals___ ___(live)alongside human ancestors in Europe for tens of thousands of years, before dying out about 40, 000 years ago.
答案:lived/had lived/had been living
解析:考查动词的时态和语态。句意:尼安德特人与人类祖先一起在欧洲生活了数万年,直到大约4万年前灭绝。设空处在句中作谓语,结合句意,此处是指在灭绝之前一直生活了数万年。设空处的动作发生在灭绝之前,结合时间状语for tens of thousands of years。故应用过去完成时态或者过去完成进行时态;又因动作发生在过去,强调过去发生的动作,也可用一般过去时。故答案为lived/had lived/had been living。
30(2020浙江卷)And,as more children were born,more food ______(need).
答案:was needed
解析:考查时态语态。句意:随着越多的小孩出生,越多的食物被需要。分析句子,逻辑主语和need之间表示被动逻辑。同时此处描述的是过去的时间,所以时态应用过去时。故此处应用过去时的被动语态。food为不可数名词。故填was needed。
31(2020浙江卷)By about 6000 BC,people ______ (discover)the best crops to grow and animals to raise.
答案:had discovered
解析:考查时态。句意:大约在公元前6000年,人们已经发现了最适宜种植的庄稼和最适宜饲养的牲畜。分析句子,简单句中除了提示词外无其余动词,故此处需用动词的时态。逻辑主语和提示词之间表示主动逻辑。by + 过去时间 译为“到…为止”,后面的句子用过去完成时。故填had discovered.
32(2020浙江卷)This style of farming lasted for quite a long time. Then,with the rise of science,changes began. New methods __________ (mean)that fewer people worked in farming.
答案:meant
解析:考查时态。句意:新方法意味着更少的人从事农业。分析句子,主句部分无其他动词,故此处需填时态。文章的整体时态是过去时,根据时态一致原则此处也应为过去时。逻辑主语和动词之间表示主动关系。所以此处填过去时的主动形式。故填meant。
33(2020浙江卷1月)Something significant is happening to the world population-it is aging. The median(中位数的)age of an American in 1950______(be)30—today it is 41 and is expected to increase to 42 by 2050.
答案:was
解析:考查动词时态。句意:1950年美国人的中年年龄是30岁,今天是41岁,预计到2050年将增加到42岁。结合上文in 1950可知应用一般过去时,且主语为The median age of an American,故谓语动词应用第三人称单数。故填was。
34(2020浙江卷1月)However, greater attention should______(place)on longevity(长寿).
答案:be placed
解析:考查动词时态语态。句意:然而,更多的关注应放在寿命上。本句中主语与谓语动词构成被动关系,且should后跟动词原形,故填be placed。
35(2019新课标I卷)In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut ________ (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements
答案:has reported
解析:考查时态。根据上下文语境,尤其是时间状语in recent years可知,主句用现在完成时态,故填have reported。
36(2019新课标I卷)Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six ________ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
答案:are
解析:考查主谓一致。根据three are declining,此处数词six作主语,代指前文中的“polar bear subpopulations”,故用复数谓语,一般现在时,故填are。
37(2019新课标II卷)Picking up her "Lifetime Achievement" award,proud Irene ________(declare) she had no plans to retire from her 36-year-old business.
答案:declared
解析:考查谓语动词。根据上下文可知,该句主语为Irene,此处为谓语成分,根据后文had 以及said 可知用一般过去时态,故填declared。
38(2019新课标II卷)I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I _________(make) over the years.
答案:have made
解析:考查动词时态。根据该定于从句中的时间状语“over the years”可知,此处用现在完成时态,句意:我喜欢到这里来看看我的家人和我这些年来交到的朋友们。故填have made。
39(2019新课标III卷)Our hosts shared many of their experiences and __________ (recommend)wonderful places to eat, shop, and visit.
答案:recommended
解析:考查一般过去时。句意:我们的主人跟我们分享了很多他们的经历并推荐了一些很好的吃饭、购物和参观的地方。“and”前后两个动作“shared”与“recommended”是并列关系,时态一致。故填recommended
40(2019新课标III卷)On the last day of our week-long stay, we _________ (invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars
答案:were invited
解析:考查一般过去时的被动语态。由“on the last day of our week-long stay”可知,句子时态为一般过去时。根据句意:我们被邀请去参加一场私人音乐会,所以用被动语态。主语为we,故填were invited。
41(2019浙江卷)When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody ______(have) to worry about fashion(时尚).
答案:will have/has
解析:考查时态。句意:当每个学生在校穿校服时,没有人会担心时尚问题。本句是when引导的时间状语从句,遵循主将从现原则,因此,主句可以使用将来时will do;根据语境可知,本文叙述的是客观事实,因此,本句亦可用一般现在时,主语是nobody,谓语用has。故填will have/has。
42(2019浙江卷)When the children are walking or ______(cycle) to school on dark mornings, car drivers can easily see them.
答案:were invited
解析:考查动词时态。句意:当孩子们在黑暗的早晨步行或骑车上学时,汽车司机很容易看到它们。or连接两个并列成分,根据or前的walking可知,此处要用cycling。故填cycling。
43(2019浙江卷)One study in America found that students’ grades ______(improve) a little after the school introduced uniforms.
答案:improved
解析:考查时态。句意:美国的一项研究发现,在学校引入校服后,学生的成绩有所提高。本句是after引导的时间状语从句,前后时态保持一致,从句使用了一般过去时,主句用一般过去式。故填improved。
44(2019北京卷)On the first day of my first grade, I stood by the door with butterflies in my stomach. I ______(voice) my biggest concern to my mother.
答案:voiced
解析:考查时态。句意:我向妈妈表达了我最大的担忧,“我将如何交朋友?”此处的voice是动词,“表达”的意思,作谓语。叙述的是一年级的事情,用一般过去时。故填voiced。
45(2019北京卷)Does the name of the college you attend really matter? Research on the question ______(suggest) that, for most students, it doesn’t.
答案:suggests/suggested/has suggested
解析:考查时态。句意:对于这个问题的研究表明,对于大多数学生来说,它不重要。这里表示研究的客观结果,所以用一般现在时,一般过去时或现在完成时均可,故填suggests/suggested/has suggested。
46(2018新课标I卷)While running regularly can’t make you live forever,the review says it ____________ (be)more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming.
答案:is
解析:考查时态和主谓一致。主语为it,所以用第三人称单数谓语。
47(2018新课标II卷)Since 2011, the country __________(grow) more corn than rice.
答案:has grown
解析:考查时态。since 2011 是现在完成时标志,故答案为has grown。
48(2018新课标II卷)The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government _________ (start) a soil-testing program that gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers—and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.
答案:started
解析:考查时态。描述过去的事情,所以用一般过去时态。
49(2018新课标III卷)True to a gorilla's unaggressive nature, the huge animal __________(mean) me no real harm.
答案:meant
解析:考查时态,描述过去的事情,所以用一般过去时态。
50(2018浙江卷)I still remember visiting a friend who’d lived here for five years and I ________(shock) when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time.
答案:was shocked
解析:考查时态和语态。此处表示我被震惊了。shock的主语是I,两者关系是被动,动作发生在过去。故填was shocked。
51(2018浙江卷)While regularly eating out seems to ________(become) common for many young people in recent years, it’s not without a cost.
答案:have become
解析:考查动词时态。根据时间状语in recent years可知,用现在完成时,seems to后用动词原形,故填have become。
52 (2018北京卷) —Hi, I’m Peter. Are you new here? I haven’t seen you around?
—Hello, Peter. I’m Bob. I just ________ on Monday.
A. start B. have started
C. started D. had started
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查时态。根据两人谈话内容可知,Bob现在在这儿,他开始(start)住在这儿是发生在周一的事情,周一是一个过去的时间,故该句应用一般过去时态。结合句意:——你是新来的吗?我没有在附近见过你。——你好,彼得。我是鲍勃。我周一刚刚开始住在这儿。故选C。
53(2018北京卷) Susan had quit her well-paid job and _________ as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year.
A. is working B. was working
C. has worked D. had worked
【答案】B
【解析】考查时态。句意:Susan已经辞去了高薪的工作。去年当我探望她的时候,她正在一个社区里做志愿者。Susan辞职发生在她当志愿者之前,had quit是过去完成时态,过去完成时态通俗的说就是“过去的过去”,且结合时间状语when I visited her last year可知,Susan做志愿者是过去的某个时间段发生的情况,故该空应用过去进行时态。B选项正确。
54(2018北京卷)China’s high-speed railways _________ from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years.
A. are growing B. have grown
C. will grow D. had grown
【答案】B
【解析】考查时态。句意:在过去的几年里,中国的高速铁路已经从9,000公里增长到25,000公里。该句时间状语为in the past few years。中国高速铁路的增长是从过去一直到现在几年里的情况,故该句应用现在完成时态。B选项正确。
55(2018北京卷)A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who ________ in the mountains for two days.
A. are trapping B. have been trapped
C. were trapping D. had been trapped
【答案】D
【解析】考查语态和时态。句意:一个救援人员冒着生命危险挽救了两个被困在山里两天的旅游者。“who ___ in the mountains for two days”是定语从句,修饰two tourists,two tourists和trap之间是被动关系,该空应用被动语态。由risked可知,营救人员救游客是过去的事情,被困两天发生在营救人员救了他们之前,即“过去的过去”,该空应用过去完成时态。综上,D选项正确。
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