河南省南阳市六校2022-2023学年高二英语上学期第一次月考试题（Word版附解析）

这是一份河南省南阳市六校2022-2023学年高二英语上学期第一次月考试题（Word版附解析），共26页。

2022年秋期六校第一次联考
高二年级英语试题
(考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：150分)
注意事项：
1．答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、考场号填写在答题卡上。
2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1.On which day is the museum closed?
A.Monday.
B.Tuesday.
C.Sunday.
2.How often does the man see his mother?
A.Every weekend.
B.Every other month.
C.Every two weeks.
3.What did the woman forget to take?
A.Her lunch.
B.Her bus card.
C.Some money.
4.What is this conversation mainly about?
A.A dress.
B.The man’s wife.
C.A department store.
5.What is the man doing?
A.Asking for advice.
B.Giving suggestions.
C.Explaining the menu.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。
6.What form of transportation is the man trying to use?
A.A taxi.
B.The subway.
C.The bus.
7.How does the woman feel about the man’s situation?
A.He should relax.
B.He should hurry up.
C.He should look online instead.
听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。
8.Where did Sara paint the pictures?
A.In her bedroom.
B.In the kitchen.
C.In her classroom.
9.What is in the sky in Sara’s pictures?
A.A house.
B.A plane.
C.Her father.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10.Who is the second book about?
A.A famous scientist.
B.A Chinese writer.
C.A national hero.
11.What is the woman’s daughter interested in?
A.Sports.
B.Science.
C.History.
12.Where are the speakers?
A.In a library.
B.In a bookstore.
C.In a·classroom.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. What is in the kitchen drawer?
A.A ruler.
B.An eraser.
C.Some pens.
14.What grade is the girl in?
A.The fifth grade.
B.The sixth grade.
C.The eighth grade.
15.What will the man buy for the girl?
A.An MP3 player.
B.A computer.
C.A calculator.
16.How much of his own money will the man pay?
A.$99.
B.$89.
C.$10.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17.What does the boy look like?
A.He has red hair.
B.He has blue eyes.
C.He is wearing a white T-shirt.
18.What information can the boy give?
A.His name.
B.His address.
C.His mother’s name.
19.Where was the boy found?
A.In the toy section.
B.In the book section.
C.In the clothing section.
20.What does the speaker want the boy’s mother to do?
A.Come back to the store.
B.Finish her shopping.
CPick up the boy.
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
After Your COVID-19 Vaccine
Version 2.0 March 29, 2021What should I expect in the next few days after getting my first dose?
·Common side effects include pain, redness, swelling at the site where the needle was given, tiredness, headache, muscle pain, chills, joint pain, and low fever.
·Serious side effects are rare. Call your doctor or nurse practitioner or go to the nearest emergency department if you develop any of the following adverse reactions within three days of receiving the vaccine: hives, swelling of your face or mouth, trouble breathing, very pale colour and serious drowsiness, high fever (over 40℃), convulsions or seizures, or other serious symptoms (e.g “pins and needles” or numbness).
Do I still have to follow COVID-19 public health measures?
The vaccine is an additional way to protect yourself against COVID-19. After either dose of the COVID-19 vaccine you should continue to follow COVID-19 measures, such as wearing a mask, practising physical distancing and washing your hands. Monitor for symptoms of COVID-19 and get tested if symptoms present.
When should I return for my second dose?
·You need two doses of vaccine to be fully immunized. If this is your first dose of the COVID-19 vaccine, be sure to get your second dose as directed by the clinic or the booking system. Bring your printed vaccine receipt that was given to you today to your second appointment.
1. Which of the following belongs to serious side effects?
A. Swelling at the site where the needle was given.
B. Muscle pain.
C. Swelling of your face.
D Low fever.
2. What should you bring when you get your second dose?
A. Your first dose. B. The booking system.
C. A mask. D. Your printed vaccine receipt.
3. Who are supposed to pay attention to this passage in particular?
A. Persons that have got infected with COVID-19.
B. Persons that have got his second vaccine dose.
C. Persons that have got his first vaccine dose.
D. Persons that have been healed of COVID-19.
【答案】1. C 2. D 3. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文，说明首次注射疫苗后的注意事项。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段的“Call your doctor or nurse practitioner or go to the nearest emergency department if you develop any of the following adverse reactions within three days of receiving the vaccine: hives, swelling of your face or mouth, trouble breathing, very pale colour and serious drowsiness, high fever (over 40℃), convulsions or seizures, or other serious symptoms(e.g “pins and needles“ or numbness).(如果您在接种疫苗后三天内出现以下任何不良反应，请致电您的医生或护士执业医生，或前往最近的急诊室：麻疹、面部或口腔肿胀、呼吸困难、脸色苍白和严重嗜睡、高烧（40℃以上）、抽搐或癫痫发作，或其他严重症状（如“针扎”或麻木）)” 可知，面部肿胀属于严重的副作用。故选C。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Bring your printed vaccine receipt that was given to you today to your second appointment.(将今天发给您的打印疫苗收据带到您的第二次预约中)” 可知，打第二剂时应该带打印的疫苗收据。故选D。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“After either dose of the COVID-19 vaccine you should continue to…(在接种任何一剂新冠肺炎疫苗后，您应该继续……)”和最后一段“If this is your first dose of the COVID-19 vaccine, be sure to…(如果这是您第一次接种新冠肺炎疫苗，请务必……)”推知，已经接种第一针疫苗的人应该特别注意本文。故选C。
B
It’s terrible and strange,but I don’t really remember much about the hurricane itself.It all happened so suddenly. I was sitting in my room with my cat, Smartie, on my lap,when the roof just flew off. I was so frightened that I just froze.
Mom cried to get out quickly, but it was already too late by then. The rain was coming down so hard and so fast. Our street turned into a river in seconds. We were going nowhere.
At first,I was pleased we could stay at home, but soon it got really tough. Without a roof,staying inside was too dangerous. We just had drinking water that was sent to us by helicopter, but it was never enough.It was August,so it was really,really hot and it smelled so bad everywhere! 1 just spent the days watching the boats going up and down the street and looking out for Smartie.He had disappeared the moment the storm hit.
Living in the open air,we became breakfast,lunch and dinner for the mosquitoes___4___But Mom said that whatever happens,we should always try to see the good side of things. It was difficult to stay positive,though.All we had left were the clothes on our backs. But as Mom kept on reminding us,we were all together and safe. Mom’s words made us feel better.I remember us all lying under the midnight sky and looking up at the stars. Because there were no lights,we could see the Big Dipper,and the Milky Way. It was amazing! Despite the disaster, moments like those gave us hope for the future.
Although it was only a few days before we were rescued, it felt like months. We were taken to another town in a faraway county. Thankfully, Smartie came home just in time.None of us knew that we wouldn’t be back for quite a while then.
Now,one year has passed and I’m back home in New Orleans. Some families have yet to return, but many others have come back.Although we are surrounded by reminders of the disaster. we are working together to rebuild our homes and our lives. Now we have another chance to look up at the stars of New Orleans,their beauty inspiring us and giving us confidence to move on.
4. When did this hurricane hit the author’s hometown?
A. In September. B. In August. C. In July. D. In Summer.
5. What does the underlined sentence “we became breakfast, lunch and dinner for the mosquitoes”mean?
A. We ate mosquitoes as our meals.
B. There were too many mosquitoes.
C. We were tired of those mosquitoes.
D. We were bitten by mosquitoes constantly.
6. What can we learn about those families in that area?
A Some families still didn’t return home.
B. Most families came back home.
C. Few families returned home.
D. Only we came back home.
7. Who played the most important role in surviving this disaster?
A. The author himself. B. The author’s mum.
C. Smartie. D. All the people stuck in the disaster
【答案】4. B 5. D 6. A 7. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一家人在经历了可怕的飓风后幸运得救，并在母亲的鼓励下团结一致共建家园的故事。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“It was August, so it was really,really hot and it smelled so bad everywhere! （当时是八月，非常非常热，到处是难闻的气味。）”可知，飓风发生的时间是八月August。故选B项。
【5题详解】
词句猜测题。由前三段内容可知，飓风吹走了我们的房顶，那时正是八月，天气很热很热并且到处是难闻的气味，可推测晚上有很多蚊子。再根据此句“Living in the open air,we became breakfast,lunch and dinner for the mosquitoes.（住在露天的环境中，我们成了蚊子们的早餐、午餐和晚餐了。）”可推断出他们被蚊子咬，故D项“We were bitten by mosquitoes constantly.（我们不停地被蚊子咬。）”符合语境，故选D项。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Now,one year has passed and I’m back home in New Orleans. Some families have yet to return, but many others have come back.Although we are surrounded by reminders of the disaster. we are working together to rebuild our homes and our lives.（现在，一年过去了，我回到了新奥尔良的家中。一些家庭还没有回来，但许多人已经回来了。尽管我们周围充满了灾难的回忆，但我们正在共同努力重建我们的家园和生活。）”可知一些人还没有回到家乡。A项“Some families still didn’t return home.”符合题意，故选A项。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段“But Mom said that whatever happens,we should always try to see the good side of things. It was difficult to stay positive,though.All we had left were the clothes on our backs. But as Mom kept on reminding us,we were all together and safe. Mom’s words made us feel better.I remember us all lying under the midnight sky and looking up at the stars. Because there were no lights,we could see the Big Dipper,and the Milky Way. It was amazing! Despite the disaster, moments like those gave us hope for the future.（但是妈妈说，无论发生什么事，我们都应该看到事情好的一面。虽然我们只剩下身上的衣服了，但要保持积极是很难的。但正如妈妈不断提醒我们的，我们都在一起很安全。妈妈的话让我们感觉好多了。我记得躺在午夜的天空下仰望星空。因为没有灯光，我们可以看到北斗七星和银河系。这是惊人的！尽管发生了灾难，但这样的时刻给了我们对未来的希望。）”可知，如果没有妈妈对我们的安慰和鼓励就没有现在安全和乐观的我们。故选B项。
C
New research has revealed something amazing: it appears that plants can communicate after all.
It has been known for some time that plants use chemicals to communicate with each other. This happens when a plant, say a bean plant, gets attacked by insects. The plant releases tiny amounts of chemicals from the leaves that are being eaten. This is like a warning, or a call for help: “I’m being attacked!” When another bean plant detects the chemicals from its injured neighbour, it starts to release its own, different chemicals. Some of these chemicals drive insects away. Others attract insects—the wasps (黄蜂)! The wasps kill the insects that are eating the bean plants. Scientists hope tolearn more about this plant warning system, so that we can use it to grow crops without pesticides.
More surprisingly, plants also use sound to communicate. People can’t hear these sounds, but plants are making them. Some plants make noises with their roots. Con and chilli plants do this. They also “listen” to the noises from other plants. A chilli plant can tell if a neighbouring plant is helpful, or unfriendly. Some trees make clicking noises when there is not enough water, indicating drought is arriving.
Most surprisingly of all, plants have an amazing system of communication that can link nearly every plant in a forest. Scientists call this system the “wood wide web”. It is in some ways similar to the Internet we use. While the Intenet is a worldwide network of computers linked by cables and satellites, the wood wide web is linked underground by fungi (真菌).This fungal network links the roots of different plants to each other. Using the wood wide web, plants can share information and even food with each other. For example,some pine trees can send food to smaller pine trees to help them grow. But just like our own Intemet, the wood wide web has its own version of “cyber crime”. Plants can steal food from each other, or spread poisons to attack other plants. Perhaps one day scientists will learn how to create a “firewall” to help prevent these attacks within the wood wide web.
Scientists are learning more every day about the secret ways in which plants talk to each other. Who knows? Maybe one day we will know enough about plant communication to be able to “talk” with them ourselves.
8. What can we infer from paragraph 2 and 3?
A. A bean plant may release its own different chemicals to drive insects away.
B. A bean plant can only attract wasps to kill the harmful insects.
C. Scientists have learned more about this plant warning system.
D. Most plants can make noises and listen to noises.
9. What is the main idea of paragraph 4?
A. The “wood wide web” is in some ways similar to the Internet we use.
B. The “wood wide web” has its own version of “cyber crime”.
C. Plants have an amazing system of communication that can nearly cover a forest.
D. Scientists will create a “firewall” to protect the wood wide web from attacks.
10. What is the author’s attitude to mastering the secret ways in which plants talk?
A. Worried. B. Uninterested. C. Optimistic. D. Pessimistic.
11. What is the best title of this passage?
A. The secret language of plants
B. The benefits of plants’ talking
C. How plants communicate with each other
D. How plants communicate with people
【答案】8. A 9. C 10. C 11. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是植物之间是如何交流的。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据第2段中的“When another bean plant detects the chemicals from its injured neighbour, it starts to release its own different chemicals. Some of these chemicals drive insects away.(当另一株豆科植物检测到来自受伤邻居的化学物质时，它就会开始释放自己的不同的化学物质。其中一些化学物质会赶走昆虫。)”可知，豆类植物可能会释放自己的不同的化学物质来驱赶昆虫。故选A。
【9题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第4段的“Most surprisingly of all, plants have an amazing system of communication that can link nearly every plant in a forest.(最令人惊讶的是，植物有一个惊人的交流系统，几乎可以连接森林中的每一种植物。)”可知，第四段的大意是植物有着惊人的交流系统，几乎可以覆盖整个森林。故选C。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Maybe one day we will know enough about plant communication to be able to “talk” with them ourselves.(也许有一天，我们会对植物的交流有足够的了解，从而能够自己与它们“交谈”。)”可知，对于掌握植物说话的秘密方式，作者持乐观态度，故选C。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第1段的内容“New research has revealed something amazing: it appears that plants can communicate after all.(新的研究揭示了一件惊人的事情：植物似乎还是可以交流的。)”可知，本文主要讲的是植物之间是如何交流的，因此最好的题目是C选项“How plants communicate with each other(植物是如何相互交流的)”，故选C。
D
Countries around the globe are spending billions of dollars and lots of time on various space missions, whether to Mars or other planets much further away. Some people argue that we should stop wasting time and money exploring space. Instead, we should feed the poor and find immediate solutions to other problems, such as pollution and fatal diseases. However, others feel this is a shallow view which fails to realize how exploring space helps us.
Firstly, exploring space has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger. It has directly resulted in the many satellites that now orbit Earth. A number of the satellites record data on land and weather patterns. Then the data is transmitted to scientists on Earth. After careful analysis, the scientists can provide useful recommendations and advice for farmers. As a result, space-based science has helped farming in its efforts to grow enough food to feed Earth’s increasing population.
Secondly, space exploration has already promoted technological improvements that benefit us all. High-end products around the world are made to a higher standard now because of advanced technology which was first created to meet the requirements for space exploration. For example, space technologies have helped the research and development of different types of new material. They have also helped companies make better heart monitors and other machines that doctors regularly use. Today, space technologies are widely used in all kinds of industries, and everyday products, such as memory foam pillows and smartphone cameras, are changing our lives.
Finally, sending astronauts into space has helped people to think about the world’s problems and even to find ways to solve them. Seeing pictures of our planet as an island in a black sea made people realize that our planet’s resources are limited. In order to provide for such a rapidly increasing population, scientists are trying to find other planets that could one day be our new home. The greatest attention at present is on Mars because it is closer to Earth. In the future humans may live on both planets.
In closing, exploring space provides the world with many different benefits. Therefore, it should continue so as to provide new and better solutions to people’s short-term and long-term problems.
12. What will the writer go on to say next?
A. How to send many more satellites into space.
B. When to live on Mars.
C How to use space technologies to make everyday products.
D. How to go on exploring space.
13. What did help the research and development of different types of new material?
A. Space technologies.
B. Many weather satellites.
C. Excellent astronauts.
D. Billions of dollars and lots of time.
14. Which one of the following can’t be learnt about according to this passage?
A. Scores of the satellites record data on land and weather patterns.
B. Most people argue that we’d stop wasting time and money exploring space.
C. Space technologies are widely used in all kinds of industries.
D. Human beings may live on both planets someday.
15. What does the underlined phrase “In closing” in the last paragraph mean?
A. Most importantly. B. In addition. C. To conclude. D. What’s worse.
【答案】12. D 13. A 14. B 15. C
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇论说文。主要阐述探索太空的好处。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“In closing, exploring space provides the world with many different benefits. Therefore, it should continue so as to provide new and better solutions to people’s short-term and long-term problems.(总之，探索太空给世界带来了许多不同的好处。因此，它应该继续下去，以便为人们的短期和长期问题提供新的更好的解决办法)”可知，文章最后总结“探索太空确实有诸多好处”。由此推知，下文应就如何去探索太空展开论述。故选D。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段的“For example, space technologies have helped the research and development of different types of new material.(例如，太空技术有助于研究和开发不同类型的新材料)”可知，太空技术帮助了不同类型新材料的研发。故选A。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Some people argue that we should stop wasting time and money exploring space.(有些人认为，我们应该停止浪费时间和金钱探索太空)”可知，B项“Most people argue that we’d stop wasting time and money exploring space.(大多数人认为我们应该停止浪费时间和金钱探索太空)”不能从文中得知。故选B。
【15题详解】
词义猜测题。根据前面二、三、四段逐项列举探索太空的好处可知，最后一段对上文进行总结，由此推测In closing意为“最后”。A. Most importantly.更重要的是；B. In addition.此外；C. To conclude.最后；D. What’s worse.更糟糕的是。故选C。
第二节 七选五(共5小题，每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
Have you ever forgotten to lock the door of your house? Or, have you ever forgotten to switch off the TV or computer? These kinds of things happen to us all the time, waste resources, and can sometimes lead to problems. However, in the not-too-distant future, we will be living in smart homes that will lock the door for us when we are away and remember to switch off the TV when we forget. ____16____
Intelligent Controls
Today, we have to use switches for our lights, knobs for our appliances, and remote controls for our TVs and air conditioners.____17____The future home will use integrated sensors to tell when you leave home each morming, and then go into an energy-efficient mode all by itself. You will no longer have to think about turning switches on and off yourself. Your home will also learn your daily routine and preferences, so everything will be ready for you when you get home each evening. Your lights will come on the instant you enter thedoor along with your favourite musie or TV programmes, and you will find your dinner already prepared for you. All controls will respond to voice commands, so if you want to change your routine, you just say aloud what you want and the home system will obey.
Regular Health Checks
In addition, your smart home will be monitoring your health for you every day. Your bed, for example, will record how well you sleep every night. It will also be checking your body weight. If you start to have sleep or weight problems, it will send a warming to your phone. It will also give you suggestions on a healthier diet and how to sleep better. ____18____They can warn you early if there is something abnormal or if you have a critical illness, such as cancer, and potentially save your life.
No More Disasters
Smart homes will be able to prevent serious damage from accidents. For example, if a water pipe starts leaking, or if there is a short in the electrical wiring, your smart home will detect it and provide you with the relevant information. ____19____
This smart technology is not a fantasy. ____20____In this sense, the home of tomorrow is already the home of today. Nevertheless, it will take some years before most new homes begin to use this new technology.
A. In the future, we will be using advanced technology every day for automatic control of just about everything in our home.
B. Many of these new innovations are already available and being used in some homes.
C. These smart homes will keep us secure, save us energy, and provide a more comfortable environment to live in.
D. We can also travel to many places of interest with our family members.
E. Robots will lock the door, switch off the TV or computer for us.
F. This way you will be able to fix the problem before your home becomes flooded or catches fire.
G. Smart toilets will be keeping constant track of your health as well.
【答案】16. C 17. A 18. G 19. F 20. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是未来的智能家居给我们带来的好处。
【16题详解】
空前说“However, in the not-too-distant future, we will be living in smart homes that will lock the door for us when we are away and remember to switch off the TV when we forget.(然而，在不太遥远的将来，我们将生活在智能家居中，当我们外出时，它会为我们锁上门，当我们忘记时，它会记得关掉电视。)”，C选项“These smart homes will keep us secure, save us energy, and provide a more comfortable environment to live in.(这些智能家居将保证我们的安全，节省我们的能源，并提供一个更舒适的居住环境。)”中的“These smart homes”指代空前的“smart homes”，且接着空前的内容说明了智能家居会给我们带来的好处，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选C。
【17题详解】
空前说“Today, we have to use switches for our lights, knobs for our appliances, and remote controls for our TVs and air conditioners.(今天，我们不得不使用电灯开关，电器旋钮，电视和空调遥控器。)”，说的是今天的家居使用情况，空格处应介绍将来的家居使用情况，A选项“In the future, we will be using advanced technology every day for automatic control of just about everything in our home.(在未来，我们每天都将使用先进的技术来自动控制家里的几乎所有东西。)”说明了未来的家居使用情况，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选A。
【18题详解】
空后说“They can warn you early if there is something abnormal or if you have a critical illness, such as cancer, and potentially save your life.(如果有什么不正常的情况，或者你有严重的疾病，比如癌症，它们可以早期警告你，并有可能挽救你的生命。)”，空格处应该是另一个可以帮助我们检查身体状况的东西，G选项“Smart toilets will be keeping constant track of your health as well.(智能厕所也会持续追踪你的健康状况。)”中的“Smart toilets”和空后的“They”一致，且厕所也是家居的一种设施，因此G选项引起下文，符合语境，故选G。
【19题详解】
空前说“For example, if a water pipe starts leaking, or if there is a short in the electrical wiring, your smart home will detect it and provide you with the relevant information.(例如，如果水管开始漏水，或者电线短路，你的智能家居就会检测到，并为你提供相关信息。)”，F选项“This way you will be able to fix the problem before your home becomes flooded or catches fire.(这样，你就可以在你的房子被淹或着火之前解决问题。)”说明了智能家居检测到水管开始漏水或者电线短路后能帮我们在房子被淹或着火之前解决问题，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选F。
【20题详解】
空前说“This smart technology is not a fantasy.(这种智能技术并不是幻想。)”，空格处应说这种技术已经可以被使用了，B选项“Many of these new innovations are already available and being used in some homes.(这些新发明中的许多已经可用，并在一些家庭中使用。)”说明了智能家居已经可以使用了，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选B。
第三部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节 完形填空(共20小题，每小题1.5分，共30分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的四个选项中。选出最佳选项。
Perhaps one of the most famous____21____in China is, “To be the first to feel concern for the troubles of the world, and the____22____to enjoy its pleasures”. Written by Fan Zhongyan, this proverb provides a goal for all Chinese government ____23____to pursue.
Fan Zhongyan (989-1052) himself was a good example of someone who lived by these words. Fan was born in Suzhou in 989 CE. When he was just one or two, his father died and his mother ____24____another man. Poor as he was, he was very ____25____in his schoolwork. Later, he ____26____his stepfather’s family, had to live alone and eat porridge. In the winter, he had to cut____27____into pieces for his meals. When a friend sent him some tasty food, Fan refused, saying that he was____28____with what he had. In 1015, Fan____29____ the imperial examination and became-a government official. While he served faithfully in Taizhou, he proposed building a sea wall to protect homes from flooding. He also helped____30____defenses when the country was threatened by war. Then, once the country was at ____31____ again, he was promoted to a high-level position in the____32____, where he could advise the emperor on government policy.
As an____33____to the emperor, Fan then tried to institute govenment reforms.____34____, many conservative bureaucrats opposed him, so Fan was forced to go into exile.
While in exile, Fan wrote an essay entitled Memorial to Yueyang Tower. In the essay he wanted to find companions to____35____after the needs of peasants, and not worry about their own personal welfare. Of such a man, Fan said, “When serving____36____a high office at court, he’ll be concerned for the people; if living on distant areas, he’ll be concerned for his king. When serving, he worries; while in____37____, he worries. And when does he____38____himself? One must say: To be the first to feel concern for the troubles of the world, and the last to enjoy its pleasures.”
After Fan retired, he bought a farm to provide jobs for the____39____. Though by that time he had been wealthy, he helped others and lived a very simple life. Fan did not just speak wise words to live by, but also____40____those words into practice.
21. A. stories B. legends C. sayings D. accounts
22. A. last B. second C. rest D. other
23. A. secretary B. officers C. leaders D. officials
24. A. met B. married C. abandoned D. lost
25. A. patient B. careful C. diligent D. optimistic
26. A. stayed B. raised C. destroyed D. left
27. A. porridge B. soup C. rice D. food
28. A. bored B. excited C. busy D. content
29. A. failed B. passed C. did D. took
30. A. break up B. come up C. build up D. give up
31 A. war B. peace C. sea D. home
32. A. county B. country C. city D. capital
33. A. advisor B. administrator C. general D. captain
34. A. Therefore B. However C. Once D. Fortunately
35. A. go B. take C. look D. inquire
36. A. in B. against C. over D. before
37. A. power B. retirement C. development D. life
38. A. punish B. dedicate C. enjoy D. commit
39. A. children B. man C. businessmen D. locals
40. A. change B. turn C. argue D. put
【答案】21. C 22. A 23. D 24. B 25. C 26. D 27. A 28. D 29. B 30. C 31. B 32. D 33. A 34. B 35. C 36. A 37. B 38. C 39. D 40. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍的是范仲淹的生平和突出贡献。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：中国最著名的一句谚语，也许就是“先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐”。A. stories故事；B. legends传说；C. sayings谚语；D. accounts账户。根据下文“To be the first to feel concern for the troubles of the world, and the____2____to enjoy its pleasures”可知，这是一句谚语。故选C。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：中国最著名的一句谚语，也许就是“先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐”。A. last最后的人或事物；B. second第二个；C. rest余下的人或物；D. other其他人或物。根据上文“the first to feel concern for the troubles of the world”和常识可知，这是范仲淹的名言“先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐”，空格处意为“最后的人或事物”，故选A。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这句谚语是范仲淹写的，为所有中国官员提供了一个追求的目标。A. secretary秘书；B. officers军官；C. leaders领导人；D. officials官员。根据上文“this proverb provides a goal for all Chinese government”及这句谚语的意思可知，这句谚语为所有中国官员提供了一个追求的目标，空格处是“官员”，故选D。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在他一两岁的时候，他的父亲去世了，母亲嫁给了另一个男人。A. met遇见；B. married嫁；C. abandoned遗弃；D. lost丢失。根据上文“his father died”可知，他的父亲去世了，母亲嫁给了另一个男人。故选B。
【25题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然他很穷，但他在学习上很勤奋。A. patient耐心的；B. careful仔细的；C. diligent勤奋的；D. optimistic乐观的。根据上文“Poor as he was”和下文“Fan____9____ the imperial examination and became-a government official”可知，虽然他很穷，但他在学习上很勤奋。故选C。
【26题详解】
考查动词短语和动词词义辨析。句意：后来，他离开了继父的家，不得不独自生活，吃粥。A. stayed停留；B. raised提高；C. destroyed破坏；D. left离开。根据下文“had to live alone”可知，他离开了继父的家。故选D。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在冬天，他必须把粥切成小块来充饥。A. porridge粥；B. soup汤；C. rice米饭；D. food食物。根据上文“eat porridge”可知，在冬天，他必须把粥切成小块来充饥。故选A。
【28题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当一个朋友送他一些美味的食物时，范拒绝了，说他已经很满足了。A. bored无聊的；B. excited激动的；C. busy忙的；D. content满足的。根据上文“Fan refused”可知，范拒绝朋友送来的食物，说明他很满足于自己所拥有的。故选D。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：公元1015年，范通过科举考试，成为一名朝廷官员。A. failed失败；B. passed通过；C. did做；D. took拿走。根据下文“became-a government official”可知，范通过了科举考试。故选B。
【30题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：当国家受到战争威胁时，他还帮助建立了防御体系。A. break up打碎，破碎；B. come up被提出；C. build up建立；D. give up放弃。根据下文“when the country was threatened by war”可知，当国家受到战争威胁时，他还帮助建立了防御体系。故选C。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后，一旦国家恢复了和平，他被提拔到首都的一个高级职位，在那里他可以就政府政策向皇帝提供建议。A. war战争；B. peace和平；C. sea大海；D. home家。根据上文“the country was threatened by war”和下文“again”可知，此处表示“一旦国家恢复了和平”。故选B。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后，一旦国家恢复了和平，他被提拔到首都的一个高级职位，在那里他可以就政府政策向皇帝提供建议。A. county郡；B. country国家；C. city城市；D. capital首都。根据下文“where he could advise the emperor on government policy”可知，他是被提拔到了首都。故选D。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为皇帝的顾问，范仲仁试图进行政府改革。A. advisor顾问；B. administrator管理者，行政人员；C. general将军；D. captain队长。根据上文“he could advise the emperor on government policy”可知，他是作为皇帝的顾问。故选A。
【34题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，许多保守的官僚反对他，所以他被迫流亡。A. Therefore因此；B. However然而；C. Once曾经；D. Fortunately幸运地。根据上文“Fan then tried to institute govenment reforms”和下文“many conservative bureaucrats opposed him, so Fan was forced to go into exile.”可知，前后是转折关系，因此空格处是表示转折的However。故选B。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在这篇文章中，他想找一个同伴来关心农民的需要，而不是担心他们自己的个人福利。A. go去；B. take拿走；C. look看；D. inquire询问。根据下文“the needs of peasants, and not worry about their own personal welfare”可知，此处表示“关心农民的需要”。故选C。
【36题详解】
考查介词词义辨析。句意：他在朝廷上做官，关心百姓。A. in在……里面；B. against反对；C. over在……上面；D. before在……之前。根据下文“a high office at court”可知，他在朝廷上做官，空格处意为“在……里面”。故选A。
【37题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：退休后，他忧心忡忡。A. power力量；B. retirement退休；C. development发展；D. life生活。根据上文“When serving, he worries”可知，句子表示“他在朝廷上做官，关心百姓；如果住在遥远的地方，他会关心他的国王。服事时，他烦恼；退休后，他忧心忡忡”。故选B。
【38题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他什么时候享受？A. punish惩罚；B. dedicate致力于；C. enjoy享受；D. commit承担义务。根据上文“When serving____16____a high office at court, he’ll be concerned for the people; if living on distant areas, he’ll be concerned for his king. When serving, he worries; while in____17____, he worries”可知，他没有时间享受，因此此处是问“那他什么时候享受呢”。故选C。
【39题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：退休后，他买了一个农场，为当地人提供工作。A. children孩子；B. man男人；C. businessmen商人；D. locals本地人。根据上文“he bought a farm”可知，他买了一个农场，为农场所在的地方的当地人提供工作。故选D。
【40题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：范不仅说了一些人生箴言，还把这些话付诸实践。A. change改变；B. turn翻动，翻转；C. argue争论；D. put使处于（某状态或情况）。根据上文“did not just speak wise words to live by”和下文“those words into practice”可知，范把自己所说的人生箴言付诸实践，put...into practice是固定短语，意为“将……付诸实践”。故选D。
第二节(共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Nowadays, with the growing ____41____(popular) of smartphones and computers, an increasing number of students are choosing to learn English beyond the classroom in ____42____(vary) ways.
It can easily be seen ____43____the percentage of students who choose listening to English ____44____ (song) and watching English movies is respectively 65% and 50%. However, those choosing reading English books and visiting English learning websites only account ____45____18% and 12%.
As far as I’m ____46____(concern), it is a disturbing trend. For students, what benefits most to their study is reading English books ____47____(constant). Because of their lack of self-discipline, they’re more easily ____48____(addict) to chatting online or playing games. ____49____ is urgent for students themselves to improve their self-discipline, and it’s also urgent for parents and teachers to ____50____ (strength) the guidance.
【答案】41. popularity
42. various
43. that 44. songs
45. for 46. concerned
47. constantly
48. addicted
49. It 50. strengthen
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是如今，随着智能手机和电脑的日益普及，越来越多的学生选择在课堂之外通过各种方式学习英语。
【41题详解】
考查名词。句意：如今，随着智能手机和电脑的日益普及，越来越多的学生选择在课堂之外通过各种方式学习英语。growing是形容词，修饰名词，popular的名词是popularity，是不可数名词，意为“普及”，故填popularity。
【42题详解】
考查形容词。句意：如今，随着智能手机和电脑的日益普及，越来越多的学生选择在课堂之外通过各种方式学习英语。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词ways，vary的形容词是various，意为“各种各样的”，故填various。
【43题详解】
考查主语从句。句意：很容易看出，选择听英文歌曲和看英文电影的学生的比例分别是65%和50%。分析句子结构可知，It是形式主语，空格处引导的是主语从句，从句中不缺成分，且句子意思完整，因此空格处用that引导主语从句，故填that。
【44题详解】
考查名词的复数。句意：很容易看出，选择听英文歌曲和看英文电影的学生的比例分别是65%和50%。song是可数名词，此处表示不止一首，因此用复数songs，故填songs。
【45题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：然而，选择阅读英语书籍和访问英语站的学生只占18%和12%。由“18% and 12%”可知，句子表示“选择阅读英语书籍和访问英语站的学生只占18%和12%”，account for是固定短语，意为“占据”，故填for。
【46题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：就我而言，这是一个令人不安的趋势。as far as I’m concerned是固定短语，意为“就我而言”，故填concerned。
【47题详解】
考查副词。句意：对学生来说，最有利于他们学习的是经常读英语书。空格处用副词constantly修饰动词reading，constantly意为“经常地，不断地”，故填constantly。
【48题详解】
考查形容词。句意：由于缺乏自律，他们更容易沉迷于网上聊天或玩游戏。空格处用形容词作表语，修饰主语they应用ed结尾的形容词addicted来表示人的感觉，be addicted to意为“沉溺于”，故填addicted。
【49题详解】
考查代词。句意：学生自身迫切需要提高自律，家长和老师也迫切需要加强指导。It is urgent for sb. to do是固定句型，意为“做某事对某人来说很紧急”，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式，单词位于句首，首字母大写，因此空格处是It。故填It。
【50题详解】
考查动词。句意：学生自身迫切需要提高自律，家长和老师也迫切需要加强指导。it is urgent for sb. to do是固定句型，意为“做某事对某人来说很紧急”，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式，因此空格处是动词原形，strength的动词是strengthen，意为“加强”，故填strengthen。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节 短文改错(共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分)
51. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
When it comes to the ocean, its pollution is becoming more and more seriously. World Ocean Day, falling on June 8th, is aiming at raising awareness of ocean conservation. The ocean plays the key role in our world. Not only does the ocean offer me sufficient food, but also it maintains the balance of nature. Thus, it is vital to protect the ocean. First of all, that we can do is to place importance on our daily actions. For example, garbage can’t be thrown into the ocean. What’s more, we can also hand out leaflets to call more people to protect the ocean. The more people are involved, the good the ocean environment will become. In addition to, oil tankers (油轮) must spare no effort to avoid oil spills.
All in all, it is high time that we devote ourselves to protecting the ocean. To protect the ocean are to protect ourselves for sure.
【答案】1.seriously→serious
2.aiming→aimed
3.the→a
4.me→us
5.that→what
6.在call后加on
7.good→better
8.去掉addition后的to
9.devote→devoted或在devote前加should
10.are→is
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是海洋的重要性及我们应该如何保护海洋。
【详解】1.考查形容词。句意：说到海洋，它的污染正变得越来越严重。become后用形容词作表语，more and more serious意为“越来越严重”，故将seriously改为serious。
2.考查固定短语。句意：6月8日是世界海洋日，旨在提高人们保护海洋的意识。be aimed at是固定短语，意为“目的是，旨在”，故将aiming改为aimed。
3.考查冠词。句意：海洋在我们的世界中起着关键作用。泛指一个关键作用，key以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a，play a key role in，意为“在……中起关键作用”，故将the改为a。
4.考查代词。句意：海洋不仅为我们提供充足的食物，而且它还保持着自然的平衡。根据语境可知，句子表示“海洋不仅为我们提供充足的食物，而且它还保持着自然的平衡”，应用“我们”的宾格us作offer的宾语，故将me改为us。
5.考查主语从句。句意：首先，我们能做的是重视我们的日常行动。分析句子结构可知，“we can do”是主语从句，从句中缺少宾语，句子表示“我们能做的是重视我们的日常行动”，因此用what引导主语从句，故将that改为what。
6.考查固定短语。句意：此外，我们还可以散发传单，呼吁更多的人来保护海。根据语境可知，句子表示“我们还可以散发传单，呼吁更多的人来保护海”，“呼吁某人做某事”是固定短语call on sb. to do，故在call后加on。
7.考查比较级。句意：越多的人参与进来，海洋环境就会变得越好。分析可知，句中使用的是“the+比较级，the+比较级”结构，good的比较级是better。故将good改为better。
8.考查固定短语。句意：此外，油轮必须不遗余力地避免石油泄漏。in addition to后跟名词或名词性短语，in addition介词短语作状语，“oil tankers (油轮) must spare no effort to avoid oil spills”是一句话，应用in addition，故去掉addition后的to。
9.考查虚拟语气。句意：总之，现在是我们致力于保护海洋的时候了。it is high time that...是固定句型，意为“是时候做某事了”，that从句中应用一般过去时或“should+动词原形”，devote用过去式或should devote，故将devote改为devoted或在devote前加should。
10.考查时态和主谓一致。句意：保护海洋就是保护我们自己。不定式“To protect the ocean”作主语时谓语动词用单数，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，因此其后的be动词是is，故将are改为is。
第二节 书面表达(满分25分)
52. 假如是李华，你远在新西兰的朋友Adam不明白“为什么Pelosi访问台湾后，中国就大规模军事演习”，请你给他回邮件说明情况。
参考词汇：invade 侵略 unify统一 violation 违背/反 war game 军演
注意：
1．词数100左右；已经给出的开头和结尾，不计入总词数；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Adam,
I’m more than glad to have heard from you. Now let me explain to you in detail.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I’m expecting to receive your other emails.
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】One possible version
I’m more than glad to have heard from you. Now let me explain to you in detail.
Taiwan has belonged to China since ancient times. In July 1894, Japan invaded China. From 1895 to 1945, Taiwan was ruled by Japanese. Next, as a result of the civil war in China in the late 1940s, and the interference of America, Taiwan wasn’t unified in time. In 1972, the US clearly announced that all Chinese on either side of the Taiwan Strait is but one China, and that Taiwan is part of China. However, Pelosi made a visit to China’s Taiwan on August 2 on purpose, which is a serious violation of the one-China principle.
Every Chinese was hurt deeply. So our PLA have held war games around Taiwan. Chinese peoples have enough power to prevent Taiwan from being separated.
I’m expecting to receive your other emails.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给新西兰的朋友Adam写封信，说明为什么Pelosi访问台湾后，中国就大规模军事演习。
【详解】1.词汇积累
入侵：invade→intrude
统治：rule→govern
宣布：announce→declare
然而：however→nevertheless
2.句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：In 1972, the US clearly announced that all Chinese on either side of the Taiwan Strait is but one China, and that Taiwan is part of China.
拓展句：In 1972, the US made a clear announcement that all Chinese on either side of the Taiwan Strait is but one China, and that Taiwan is part of China.
【点睛】[高分句型1] In 1972, the US clearly announced that all Chinese on either side of the Taiwan Strait is but one China, and that Taiwan is part of China. (运用了that引导的宾语从句)
[高分句型2] However, Pelosi made a visit to China’s Taiwan on August 2 on purpose, which is a serious violation of the one-China principle. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)
听力答案：1.A 2.B 3.C 4.A 5.A 6.C 7.A 8.C 9.C 10.A 11.C 12.B 13.B 14.C 15.C 16.B 17.B 18.A 19.A 20.C