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2022-2023学年重庆市璧山区来凤中学高二（上）期中英语试卷（含答案解析）
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这是一份2022-2023学年重庆市璧山区来凤中学高二（上）期中英语试卷（含答案解析），共20页。试卷主要包含了介绍北京；，表达对他到北京旅游的期盼，【答案】D、A、C、A，【答案】B、A、D、E、G等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2022-2023学年重庆市璧山区来凤中学高二（上）期中英语试卷
A
Hands-on basketball
The boy was only nine years old when he designed a "hands-on basketball".Chris Haas had the idea when he saw his friends miss lots of baskets.His basketball has painted hands on it.The hands show you where to put your hands when you throw the ball.Today people use his invention around the world.
Wristies
At age 10，Kathryn Gregory was playing outside one day in the cold.Her wrists （手腕） began to hurt from the cold so she decided to find a way to keep both her hands and wrists warm during the winter.In 1994，she invented Wristies：fuzzy sleeves （毛绒袖子） that can be worn underneath gloves to protect your wrists from the cold.She worked with her mom to get the idea off the ground and now the product is sold worldwide.
Makin'Bacon
Abbey Fleck was 8 years old when she noticed how much time her parents spent soaking up bacon fat （吸干培根油脂） after cooking.She realized that it might be easier to hang bacon while it cooks.That way you wouldn't need paper towels and it would even make the bacon healthier.She then worked with her father to design a dish that hangs bacon while it cooks.Now people can see her invention in many supermarkets.
Braille
Louis Braille had an accident when he was three.The accident left him blind.At that time，it was hard for blind children to read.They had to touch raised letters.But it was difficult to tell a Q from an O，an R from a B，and so on.When he was fifteen，Louis invented an alphabet （字母表） that used raised dots （小圆点）.The Braille alphabet was a big success!
1. Whose invention is related to sports？ ______
A. Chris Haas'. B. Kathryn Gregory's.
C. Abbey Fleck's. D. Louis Braille's.
2. What can we learn about Makin' Bacon？ ______
A. It was invented in 1994.
B. It was named after its inventor.
C. It helps people eat more healthily.
D. It reduces the cases of cooking accidents.
3. What do the four inventions have in common？ ______
A. They were invented by kids.
B. They came into being by chance.
C. They were designed to help others.
D. They brought wealth to their inventors.
B
My daughter was being thrown out of the sixth grade. The teacher said, "She may not be up to what we're trying to accomplish." He was really saying she didn't have the intelligence. I got mad because I knew she was smart, just as my father had known I was smart when I was failing in school. We had her tested.I decided to get myself tested as well, and found that the troubles she was having were exactly what I had had-dyslexia. By then I was a successful television writer, and had won an Emmy Award for "The Rockford Files."
If I had known earlier that something beyond my control could explain why I was a low achiever, I may not have worked so hard in my late 20s and early 30s. I was writing and writing. I was working for no other reason than to hear people praise me, because I did badly in all my courses.
I once asked a friend who had always gotten an A, "How long did you study for this?" He said, "I didn't. I just glanced at it." So he must be smarter. I began to ask, "What will happen to me when I'm not good at anything?" Despite my doubts, I did become successful, and people now say to me, "So you've overcome dyslexia."
No. You don't overcome it, you learn to compensate for it. Some easy things are very hard for me.Most people who go through college read twice as fast as I do. I avoid dialing a phone if I can, because I sometimes have to try three times to get the number right.
Despite my weaknesses I view dyslexia as a gift, not a curse ( 诅咒). Many dyslexics are good at right-brain, abstract thought, and that's what my kind of creative writing is. And I can write quickly, and can get up to 15 pages a day. Writing is my strength.
The real fear I have for dyslexic children is not they have to struggle in school, but that they will quit on themselves before they get out of school. Parents have to create victories for them, whether it's music,sports or art. You can make your dyslexic child able to say, "Yeah, reading is hard. But I have other things I can do."
4. The writer decided to get himself tested as well because he ______ ．
A. wanted to know if they had the same problem
B. didn't believe his daughter had the problem
C. had to take a regular medical examination
D. accepted that his daughter was not smart
5. We can learn from the second paragraph that the writer ______ ．
A. struggled and got better grades
B. didn't work hard when he was young
C. was praised for overcoming dyslexia
D. was thankful not knowing of dyslexia earlier
6. According to the passage, a dyslexic person ______ ．
A. is less intelligent
B. always fails in school
C. reads more slowly than normal people
D. performs worse in left-brain activities
7. What can we learn from the story ？
A. Clumsy birds have to start flying early.
B. God shuts one door but opens another.
C. Never judge a person by his appearance.
D. No one can make a good coat with bad cloth.
C
A study of violinists found that merely good players practised as much as better players，leaving other factors such as quality of education，learning skills and perhaps natural talent to account for the difference.
This finding challenges the 10，000-hour rule promoted in Malcolm Gladwell's 1993 study of violinists and pianists.Gladwell states that enough practice will make an expert of anyone. "The idea has been popular and in our culture for years.It's not an idiom but an overstatement，" said Brooke Macnamara，the lead author. "When it comes to human skill，a complex combination of environmental factors and genetic factors explains the performance differences across people."
Macnamara and her colleagues set out to repeat part of the 1993 study to see whether they reached the same conclusion.They interviewed three groups of 13 violinists regarded as best，good，or less accomplished about their practice habits，before having them complete daily diaries of their activities over a week.While the less skillful violinists reached an average of about 6，000 hours of practice by the age of 20，there was little to separate the good from the best，with each reaching an average of about 11，000 hours.In all，the number of hours spent practising accounted for about a quarter of the skill difference across the three groups.
Macnamara believes practice is less of a driver. "Once you get to the highly skilled groups，practice stops accounting for the difference.Everyone has practised a lot and other factors are at play in determining who goes on to a higher level，" she said. "The factors depend on the skill being learned：in chess it could be intelligence or working memory；in sport it may be how efficiently a person uses oxygen.To complicate matters further，one factor can drive another.Children who enjoy playing the violin，for example，may be happy to practise because they do not see it as a trouble."
The authors of the 1993 study are unimpressed.Macnamara said it was important for people to understand the limits of practice，though. "Practice makes you better than you were yesterday，most of the time，" she said. "But it might not make you better than your neighhour or the other kid in your violin class."
8. What does the underlined word "entrenched" in paragraph 2 probably mean？ ______
A. Rooted. B. Advanced. C. Changed. D. Unconfirmed.
9. What can we learn about Macnamara's study？ ______
A. It convinced Malcolm Gladwell.
B. It involved violinists and pianists.
C. Its process was similar to the 1993 study.
D. Its result is consistent with the 1993 study.
10. What does Macnamara find about highly skilled people？ ______
A. Practicing for 11，000 hours is their main driver.
B. They enjoy keeping diaries about their progress.
C. Environmental factors have little relation to their success.
D. More practice makes little difference to their further progress.
11. What is the best title for the text？ ______
A. What makes an expert？ B. Does practice make perfect？
C. The early bird catches the worm D. Enthusiasm is the key to success
D
This week，Parisians have been treated to the sight of ecotaxis，transporting people up and down the river Seine.They are called SeaBubbles and are being tested ahead of the decision to introduce them into the Parisian transport network.The SeaBubble is still in its early testing period，using technological know-how from several industries.The boat sits in the water as the passengers get on and off but once the door is closed the boat starts moving at 12 kmh （7.5 mph） along the surface.It is 100% electric.
The foils （箔） they use are not new technology；they date back to 1898 and an Italian engineer called Enrico Forlanini.The Germans tested foil boats in the 1940s，the first hydrofoil ferry（水翼渡船） was used between Switzerland and Italy in the 1950s and by 1965，a hydrofoil boat was good enough for the James Bond baddie in Thunderball.What has changed，however，is the technology，which has improved to the point where it can now succeed in dealing with some of the shortcomings which prevented their widespread use.
The company has big goals；it wants to use the world's waterways — and not roads — to transport people from A to B，and it wants to do so with "zero wave，zero emission （排放），zero noise." The SeaBubbles would travel at the same speed as cars and the goal is to provide these at the same cost as a taxi，with customers ordering them through an app as they would an Uber.
Anders Bringdal，SeaBubbles CEO，told Associated Press that he hopes to change the way people move about cities.SeaBubbles are one more example of how shared public transport can change the mobility of large cities，much like shared bikes are now doing.People are increasingly looking to rivers as a means of moving around large cities to compete with the subway or buses — in London，travel cards are now accepted on river boats.
12. What do we know about the SeaBubble？ ______
A. It has been used in Paris.
B. It moves as fast as a car.
C. It is under water when it moves.
D. It uses knowledge from other industries.
13. Why did the author list the events about foils in paragraph 2？ ______
A. To give special importance to the breakthrough of foils.
B. To explain the reasons for creating the SeaBubble.
C. To point out the disadvantages of foils.
D. To show how the SeaBubble works.
14. What is the company's future plan？ ______
A. To put traditional taxis out of business.
B. To work with Uber to transport more people.
C. To transport people on waterways worldwide.
D. To make environment-friendly inventions at low prices.
15. What can we infer about the SeaBubble from the last paragraph？ ______
A. It may have an important place in public transport.
B. It has been widely accepted by many countries.
C. It will make the company world-famous.
D. It still needs more tests.
What Are the Roots of Your Self-Esteem？
Self-esteem is a person's subjective assessment of his or her worth to himself or herself.Self- esteem covers various beliefs about oneself （such as I'm a failure" and "I'm beautiful"） as well as physiological states，including sadness，joy，and shame.When we don't believe that we are worthy of these things，our ability to enjoy them can suffer. (1) The more we believe that we are worthy of happiness and good things in life，the more self-fulfilled we will be.
Healthy self-esteem as an adult can be a gift given in your childhood.It is a blessing that most people overlook.There are so many ways adults with high self-esteem were supported as children that resulted in them having high self-esteem.For instance，they were praised for what they had achieved.
(2) They likely experienced affection and were given enough attention.It is also possible that they excelled in studies or in sports and were admired for it by peers.
(3) As children，many of these people were criticized，yelled at，or abused in one way
or another.There is also a high chance that they were given no attention by the adults who were supposed to care for them.In some cases，adults with poor self-esteem were often ridiculed for their shortcomings or bullied by peers.
It is common that these adults also believe that in order to be appreciated they need to be perfect. (4) There are people who are obsessed with their careers or hobbies because in their mind they need to tie their worthiness to something concrete.Oftentimes these people have to pretend to be something they are not just to get approval.
How you feel about yourself impacts how you live your life.People with high self-esteem tend to have better relationships than those with low self-esteem.High self-esteem enables you to ask for help and support from the people around you when you need it. (5)
A.There is also a good chance that they were spoken to respectfully.
B.When we start to doubt what's important in life，we tend to do less of it.
C.Since self-esteem is connected to how we perform，it is important to work on it.
D.People with poor self-esteem，on the other hand，often experienced the opposite.
E.This creates an image in their mind that without accomplishment they are worthless.
F.They face failure too，but they understand that failure or success doesn't define them.
G.So if you struggle to reach out for assistance，it could be rooted in your low self-esteem.
16. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
17. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
18. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
19. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
20. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
January 23，2007 became a nightmare for Jessica Bachus.Her second daughter Kenzi (21) at just 24 weeks. "When Kenzi passed away，all my hopes went away，too，" Jessica says.The Colorado-based mother was overcome with emotion，(22) she eventually decided to channel her grief into the (23) of Kenzi.
Jessica knew that even if she couldn't give dolls to both of her daughters that year，she could still make the holidays (24) for another girl.With the help of her husband，Kyle，and their daughter，Bailey，she (25) 150 dolls to gift underprivileged girls in the community.
"When I saw a family (26) a doll we donated，I cried tears of joy for the first time in almost a year，" Jessica says.So，she (27) to collect dolls and founded the Dolls for Daughters，a nonprofit organization dedicated to (28) financially-strapped families in Colorado with toys，food，school supplies，and more.
Now going into its ninth annual (29)，the Dolls for Daughters operates five toy shops in Colorado on the first Saturday in December.Parents are able to choose at least one new gift for each of their children free of charge.
"Most families in our(30) make less than ﹩15，000 a year，" Jessica says. "Many children are used to getting hand-me-downs——this is one time we guarantee that what they get is (31)." Since the establishment of the Dolls for Daughters，more than 48，000 children have been (32) and more than 323，400 items have been gifted to the families.
Jessica and her husband now have four children——Bailey，Kam，Karson，and Kenzi. "We talk about Kenzi all the time.Last year our goal was to serve 10，000 kids since she would have been ten.It was a big(33) and we surpassed it，" Jessica says. "For our living children，volunteering is a great way for them to (34) back，honor their sister，and learn that even from the greatest tragedy can come something (35)."
21. A. died B. left C. talked D. returned
22. A. so B. for C. and D. but
23. A. recovery B. rescue C. memory D. appearance
24. A. simple B. fresh C. special D. sensible
25. A. bought B. collected C. possessed D. exchanged
26. A. pick up B. turn down C. come across D. break up
27. A. failed B. agreed C. offered D. continued
28. A. finding B. choosing C. supporting D. appreciating
29. A. check B. celebration C. competition D. donation
30. A. world B. schedule C. opinion D. program
31. A. new B. useful C. strange D. expensive
32. A. treated B. served C. greeted D. honored
33. A. reward B. number C. surprise D. success
34. A. give B. push C. come D. turn
35. A. normal B. various C. beautiful D. unique
36. Sleep is essential for the proper functioning of all your body systems,from your nerve system to your immune system.Getting enough sleep is the foundation of good health.If you don't get enough sleep,your health,both physical and mental, (1) （ suffer）.
Fatigue （疲惫） is the most obvious and immediate consequence of lack of sleep.It slows down (2) （ react） time and prevents you from making quick decisions.In addition,not getting enough sleep also (3) （ have） long-term effects on your health.
You've likely heard that you need to get at least eight hours of sleep per night but there isn't (4) exact amount of sleep which applies to everyone.Your ideal sleep duration depends (5) your age.For example,although teenagers need around 8 to 10 hours of sleep every day (6) （ support） their development,as they grow into young adults,they need less and less.
Good sleep habits can make a huge difference in (7) you feel every day.It's important to establish a good bedtime routine.If you have trouble (8) （ fall） asleep at night,try going to bed at the same time every night and waking up at the same time each day.This will make it (9) （ easy） for you to fall asleep. (10) （ Similar），try not to oversleep during the day as this can impact your usual sleep schedule.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
37. 假如你是李明，你的美国笔友Jack给你发来email，想在暑假到北京参观旅游，请你根据下列提示，给Jack回复邮件。
1.介绍北京（位于中国北部，常住人口约2153万，历史悠久，有许多旅游景点）；
2.向他推荐若干景点并提出可以帮助他预订宾馆；
3.表达对他到北京旅游的期盼。
注意：
1.词数80左右；
3.可以适当增加细节，以使内容充实、行文连贯。
参考词汇：故宫the Imperial Palace天安门广场Tian'anmen Square
Dear Jack
Yours，
Li Ming
38. On our way to California, my husband Lee and I stopped at a restaurant to have lunch and stretch our legs a bit with our kids Jack and Jenny.
As we walked toward the entrance, an ugly looking doorman jumped up from a nearby bench and opened the door for us. "Good afternoon and welcome to Denny's," he said in a very joyful voice. In his hand he held a cup full of steaming coffee—which was inviting on such a cold day—but from the looks of the rest of him, it appeared that he hadn't had a good meal or a shower in a long time. Obviously he was homeless. But regardless of his appearance, he greeted us as if we were his best friends, adding as we entered, "Today's soup and sandwich special is a great deal."
Once inside, my kids whispered to me, "Mom, he smells." After we ordered our lunch, Lee and I explained the best we could, telling the kids to look beyond the dirt to the person underneath and within. As we explained, the four of us watched other customers approach the restaurant. They appeared unsure of the homeless man and many ignored him.
Seeing this rudeness truly frustrated me. When we were almost finished, I excused myself from the meal and went to the truck for my purse.
As I neared the front door, the doorman was opening it for a couple and welcoming them to the restaurant. They rushed past him and didn't even acknowledge his presence. I let the couple come through first and then said a loud, and polite "thank you" to the doorman as I exited.
When I came back, we talked a lot. The doorman told me that the restaurant's manager wouldn't let him inside unless he purchased food. All he could afford was coffee which, he said, didn't count as "food" according to the manager, so he had to stay outside.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Seated myself, I signaled the waiter to come and decided to do something before leaving.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Hearing the waiter's words, the doorman approached me excitedly and thanked me for the hot meal.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案和解析
1~3.【答案】A、C、A
【解析】（1）A.推理判断题。根据第一段The boy was only nine years old when he designed a "hands-on basketball".Chris Haas had the idea when he saw his friends miss lots of baskets.His basketball has painted hands on it.The hands show you where to put your hands when you throw the ball.这个男孩设计"hands-on basketball"时只有九岁。克里斯•哈斯看到他的朋友们丢了很多分，就有了这个想法。他的篮球上画了手。当你投球时，手会告诉你手放在哪里。可知，Chris Haas的发明与运动有关，故选A。
（2）C.推理判断题。根据第三段Abbey Fleck was 8 years old when she noticed how much time her parents spent soaking up bacon fat （吸干培根油脂） after cooking.She realized that it might be easier to hang bacon while it cooks.She then worked with her father to design a dish that hangs bacon while it cooks.Now people can see her invention in many supermarkets.艾比•弗莱克8岁时注意到父母烹饪完后花了多少时间来吸干培根油脂。她意识到烤培根时挂起来可能更容易。然后，她和父亲一起设计了一道菜，烹饪时可以挂上培根。现在人们可以在许多超市看到她的发明。可知，她的发明使得培根里的油脂更少，即人们的饮食变得更加的健康，故选C。
（3）A.推理判断题。根据第一段The boy was only nine years old when he designed a "hands-on basketball".这个男孩设计"hands-on basketball"时只有九岁；At age 10，Kathryn Gregory was playing outside one day in the cold.10岁的时候，凯瑟琳•格雷戈里有一天在外面寒冷地玩耍；Abbey Fleck was 8 years old when she noticed how much time her parents spent soaking up bacon fat （吸干培根油脂） after cooking.She then worked with her father to design a dish that hangs bacon while it cooks.艾比•弗莱克8岁时注意到父母烹饪完后花了多少时间来吸干培根油脂。然后，她和父亲一起设计了一道菜，烹饪时可以挂上培根；When he was fifteen，Louis invented an alphabet （字母表） that used raised dots （小圆点）.路易十五岁时发明了字母表用凸起的圆点来表达的字母表。可知，这几个发明的相同点就是他们都是孩子发明的，故选A。
本文是一篇广告布告类阅读，主要向读者介绍了几个孩子的有用的发明。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
4~7.【答案】A、D、C、B
【解析】【文章大意】本文为议论文。作者得知女儿患了阅读障碍，回想到自己读书时遇到的同样的艰辛，作者用自己努力换来的成功经历告诉我们，遇到困难只要不放弃，总会取得成功。
1.
根据第一段We had her tested and found that the troubles my daughter was having were the same as those I had had. I decided to get tested as well.我们对她进行了测试，发现我女儿遇到的麻烦和我遇到的一样。我也决定做个测试。可知，作者决定给自己做个测试大概是因为他想知道他们是否有同样的问题。
2.
根据第二段第一句Had I known earlier, though, that there was a reason beyond my control to explain why I was a low achiever, I may not have worked so hard in my late 20s and early 30s.如果我早一点知道，有一个我无法控制的原因来解释为什么我是一个低成就者，我可能不会在我快30岁和30岁出头的时候如此努力工作。可知，作者很庆幸以前不知道自己患有阅读障碍症。
3. 根据第一段"My daughter was being thrown out of the sixth grade. The teacher said, "She may not be up to what we're trying to accomplish." He was really saying she didn't have the intelligence. I got mad because I knew she was smart, just as my father had known I was smart when I was failing in school. We had her tested.I decided to get myself tested as well, and found that the troubles she was having were exactly what I had had-dyslexia. By then I was a successful television writer, and had won an Emmy Award for "The Rockford Files." 我女儿被六年级开除了。老师说"她可能达不到我们的目的"他实际上是在说她不够聪明。我生气是因为我知道她很聪明，就像我父亲知道我在学校不及格时很聪明一样。我们给她做了检查。我也决定去做个检查，发现她的问题正是我的问题，阅读障碍。那时我已经是个成功的电视编剧了，还因"洛克福德档案"获得了艾美奖"老师描述女儿在学校的学习表现和第四段" No. You don't overcome it, you learn to compensate for it. Some easy things are very hard for me.Most people who go through college read twice as fast as I do. I avoid dialing a phone if I can, because I sometimes have to try three times to get the number right. 不，你不能克服它，你要学会弥补它。有些简单的事情对我来说很难。大多数上大学的人读得比我快两倍。我尽量避免拨电话，因为有时我要试三次才能把号码拨对。"中作者与经常得A的朋友之间的对话可知，作者和女儿一样遇到了阅读障碍，根据这篇文章，可推知a dyslexic person 比正常人读得慢的人。
4. 通读全文，作者通过回忆自己读书时遇到艰辛但仍不放弃，用自己努力换来的成功经历告诉我们，遇到困难只要不放弃，总会取得成功。God never shuts one door but he opens another.（天无绝人之路）符合语境。故选B.
8~11.【答案】A、C、D、B
【解析】（1）A.词义猜测题。根据文章第二段Gladwell states that enough practice will make an expert of anyone."The idea has been popular and entrenched in our culture for years.格拉德威尔说，足够的实践将使任何人成为专家。多年来，这一理念在我们的文化中已经流行并根深蒂固。可知，划线单词意为：根深蒂固的，A．Rooted根深蒂固的；B．Advanced先进的；C．Changed变化的；D．Unconfirmed未确认的，结合选项，故选A.
（2）C.细节理解题。根据文章第三段Macnamara and her colleagues set out to repeat part of the 1993 study to see whether they reached the same conclusion.麦克纳马拉和她的同事开始重复1993年的部分研究，看看他们是否得出同样的结论。可知，麦克纳马拉做的实验和1993年做的实验是相似的，结合选项，故选C.
（3）D.推理判断题。根据文章第四段Macnamara believes practice is less of a driver. "Once you get to the highly skilled groups，practice stops accounting for the difference.Everyone has practised a lot and other factors are at play in determining who goes on to a higher level，" she said.麦克纳马拉认为，练习并不是一个驱动因素。"一旦你进入高技能团队，练习就不再是差异的原因。每个人都练习了很多，其他因素也在决定谁能进入更高的水平，"她说。可知，麦克纳马拉认为更多练习对高技能的人的进一步进步没有多大影响，结合选项，故选D.
（4）B.标题归纳题。根据文章第一段A study of violinists found that merely good players practised as much as better players，leaving other factors such as quality of education，learning skills and perhaps natural talent to account for the difference.一项对小提琴家的研究发现，仅仅是优秀的小提琴手就和更好的小提琴手练习得一样多，而其他因素，如教育质量、学习技巧，也许还有天生的天赋，来解释这种差异。可知，本文章主要向读者说明了优秀的人的成就是非常多的因素的结果，尤其提到了练习的重要性进行了说明，结合选项，故选B.
本文章主要向读者说明了优秀的人的成就是非常多的因素的结果，尤其提到了练习的重要性进行了说明。
阅读理解解题步骤：首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意。因为阅读理解题一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能多地捕获信息材料。
其次，细读题材，各个击破。掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息。
要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性。对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准。
12~15.【答案】D、A、C、A
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段中The SeaBubble is still in its early testing period，using technological know-how from several industries.（SeaBubble仍处于早期测试阶段，运用几个行业的技术知识。）可知，SeaBubble利用其他行业的知识。故选D。
（2）推理判断题。根据第二段第一句The foils they use are not new technology；they date back to 1898 and an Italian engineer called Enrico Forlanini.（他们使用的箔不是新技术；它们可以追溯到1898年，一位名叫恩里科•福拉尼尼的意大利工程师。）以及最后一句What has changed，however，is the technology，which has improved to the point where it can now succeed in dealing with some of the shortcomings which prevented their widespread use.（然而，改变的是这项技术，它已经改进到现在可以成功地解决阻碍其广泛使用的一些缺点。）可知，作者在第2段中列出了关于箔的事件，是为了特别强调箔的突破。故选A。
（3）细节理解题。根据第三段中The company has big goals；it wants to use the world's waterways — and not roads — to transport people from A to B，and it wants to do so with "zero wave，zero emission （排放），zero noise." （公司有很大的目标，它希望利用世界上的水路而不是公路将人们从A地运送到B地，并希望做到"零波浪、零排放、零噪音"。）可知，该公司的未来计划是在世界各地的水路上运送人员。故选C。
（4）推理判断题。根据最后一段中SeaBubbles are one more example of how shared public transport can change the mobility of large cities，much like shared bikes are now doing.People are increasingly looking to rivers as a means of moving around large cities to compete with the subway or buses — in London，travel cards are now accepted on river boats.（SeaBubble是共享公共交通如何改变大城市流动性的又一个例子，就像共享自行车现在所做的那样。人们越来越多地将河流作为一种在大城市中流动的方式，与地铁或公交车竞争--在伦敦，游船上现在可以使用旅行卡。）可推知，越来越多的人将河流作为一种在大城市中流动的方式，SeaBubble会在公共交通中占有重要地位。故选A。
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种新型的水上交通工具"SeaBubble"。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
16~20.【答案】B、A、D、E、G
【解析】（1）逻辑关系题。由前一句When we don't believe that we are worthy of these things，our ability to enjoy them can suffer.（当我们不相信自己配得上生活中的这些东西时，我们享受这些东西的能力就会受到影响。）故选B"当我们开始怀疑生命中重要的东西时，我们往往会做得更少。"符合上下文逻辑关系。故选B。
（2）推理判断题。本题前一句For instance，they were praised for what they had achieved（比如高自尊心的人达成目标会受到表扬）；后一句 They likely experienced affection and were given enough attention（他们可能经历喜欢并受到足够关注。）由此推断，此处写受尊重的人获得的待遇。选项 A："也有很好的机会，他们被尊重地交谈。"符合语境，故选A。
（3）推理判断题。定位至第三段可知本段第一句As children，many of these people were criticized，yelled at，or abused in one way or another.（在孩提时代，这些人中的许多人都受到了批评、呵斥或虐待。）主要讲述自尊心不足（poor self-esteem）的孩子的情况。由此推断D选项："另一方面，自尊心不足的人面临的恰恰相反。"符合语境，故选D。
（4）推理判断题。根据前文It is common that these adults also believe that in order to be appreciated they need to be perfect.（通常，自尊心不足的成年人也相信为了受到表扬他们需要完美。）由此推断E选项："他们在脑海里创建了一个画面，那就是没有成就他们便一文不值。"符合语境。故选E。
（5）细节理解题。根据前文People with high self-esteem tend to have better relationships than those with low self-esteem（自尊心强的人趋向于比自尊心弱的人拥有跟好的人际关系。）后面 So if you struggle to reach out for assistance，it could be rooted in your low self-esteem.（所以如果你在纠结想寻求帮助，这可能是你自尊心不足。）由此推断选G选项："所以，如果你很难寻求帮助，这可能源于你的自卑。"符合语境，故选G。
本文是一篇说明文，介绍了自尊是一个人对自己价值的主观评价。自尊包括对自己的各种信念以及生理状态，包括悲伤、快乐和羞耻。本文主要阐述了自尊的根源是什么。
七选五阅读是完成性阅读，和完形填空很类似，不同的是一个选词，一个选句子。解题时，要注意上下文语境，充分考虑信息词（选项中和空格前后句子中相同或相近的词），选出最符合语境的句子。
21~35.【答案】A、D、C、C、B、A、D、C、D、D、A、B、B、A、C
【解析】（1）考查动词及语境理解。A.died死亡；B.left离开；C.talked谈话；D.returned归还。句意：她的第二个女儿Kenzi在24周时就去世了。根据下文"When Kenzi passed away"可知，Kenzi去世了。故选A。
（2）考查连词及语境理解。A.so因此；B.for因为；C.and和；D.but但是。句意：这位住在科罗拉多州的母亲情绪激动，但她最终决定把她的悲伤转为对Kenzi的怀念。根据语境可知，前后句意存在转折关系，尽管十分悲痛，但是这位母亲决定将悲痛转为对女儿的怀念。故应用转折连词but。故选D。
（3）考查名词及语境理解。A.recovery恢复；B.rescue营救；C.memory怀念；D.appearance表面。句意：这位住在科罗拉多州的母亲情绪激动，但她最终决定把她的悲伤转为对Kenzi的怀念。根据下文"For our living children，volunteering is a great way for them to （14）_____back，honor their sister"可知，母亲决定用另一种方式纪念女儿Kenzi。故选C。
（4）考查形容词及语境理解。A.simple简单的；B.fresh新鲜的；C.special特别的；D.sensible理智的。句意：杰西卡知道，即使那年她不能给两个女儿都送娃娃，她仍然可以让另一个女孩的节日变得特别。根据下文"With the help of her husband，Kyle，and their daughter，Bailey，she （5）_____150 dolls to gift underprivileged girls in the community."可知，杰西卡通过给别的女孩送娃娃，让另一个女孩的节日变得特别。故选C。
（5）考查动词及语境理解。A.bought买；B.collected收集；C.possessed拥有；D.exchanged交换。句意：在丈夫Kyle和女儿Bailey的帮助下，她收集了150个洋娃娃，送给社区里的贫困女孩。根据下文"So，she（7）_____to collect dolls and founded the Dolls for Daughters"可知，杰西卡收集了150个洋娃娃，送给社区里的贫困女孩。故选B。
（6）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.pick up拿起；B.turn down调低；C.come across偶遇；D.break up打碎。句意："当我看到一个家庭拿起我们捐赠的娃娃时，我几乎一年来第一次流下了喜悦的泪水，"杰西卡说。根据空后"a doll we donated"及常识可知，此处指拿起捐赠的娃娃。故选A。
（7）考查动词及语境理解。A.failed失败；B.agreed同意；C.offered提供；D.continued继续。句意：因此，她继续收集娃娃，并创建了"女儿们的娃娃"，这是一个非营利组织，致力于为科罗拉多州经济拮据的家庭提供玩具、食品、学校用品等。根据下文"to collect dolls and founded the Dolls for Daughters，a nonprofit organization dedicated to （8）_____financially-strapped families in Colorado with toys，food，school supplies，and more"可知，杰西卡继续收集娃娃，并创建了非盈利组织——"女儿们的娃娃"。故选D。
（8）考查动词及语境理解。A.finding找到；B.choosing选择；C.supporting支持；D.appreciating感激。句意：因此，她继续收集娃娃，并创建了"女儿们的娃娃"，这是一个非营利组织，致力于为科罗拉多州经济拮据的家庭提供玩具、食品、学校用品等。根据上文" to gift underprivileged girls in the community"空后"financially-strapped families in Colorado with toys，food，school supplies，and more"可知，此处指该组织支持那些经济拮据的家庭。故选C。
（9）考查名词及语境理解。A.check检查；B.celebration庆祝；C.competition竞赛；D.donation捐赠。句意：现在进入了第九次年度捐赠，"女儿们的娃娃"在12月的第一个星期六在科罗拉多州经营着五家玩具店。根据下文"Parents are able to choose at least one new gift for each of their children free of charge."可知，此处指年度捐赠活动。故选D。
（10）考查名词及语境理解。A.world世界；B.schedule时间表；C.opinion观点；D.program项目。句意："参加我们项目的大多数家庭年收入不到1.5万美元，"杰西卡说。根据上文"financially-strapped families in Colorado with toys，food，school supplies，and more"可知，此处指参加这个项目的家庭年收入都不高。故选D。
（11）考查形容词及语境理解。A.new新的；B.useful有用的；C.strange陌生的；D.expensive昂贵的。句意：许多孩子已经习惯了收到旧的礼物——这一次我们保证他们得到的是新的。根据上文"Many children are used to getting hand-me-downs"可知，这些习惯了旧礼物的孩子们，这次收到的礼物是新的。故选A。
（12）考查动词及语境理解。A.treated款待；B.served服务；C.greeted问候；D.honored尊重。句意：自从"女儿们的娃娃"成立以来，已经有超过4.8万名孩子得到了服务，超过323400件礼物被送给了这些家庭。根据下文"Last year our goal was to serve 10，000 kids since she would have been ten."可知，此处指已经有超过4.8万名孩子得到了服务。故选B。
（13）考查名词及语境理解。A.reward奖励；B.number数字；C.surprise吃惊；D.success成功。句意："我们一直在谈论Kenzi。去年，我们的目标是为1万名儿童提供服务，因为她将年满10岁。这是一个很大的数字，我们超过了它，"杰西卡说。根据上文"Last year our goal was to serve 10，000 kids since she would have been ten."可知，此处指上文提高的数字。故选B。
（14）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.give （back）回报；B.push （back）推回；C.come （back）回来；D.turn （back）往回走。句意：对于我们活着的孩子们来说，志愿服务是一种很好的方式，让他们回馈社会，尊重他们的姐妹，并学会即使从最大的悲剧中也可以得到美好的东西。根据空前"volunteering is a great way"及常识可知，志愿服务是一种很好的回馈社会的方式。故选A。
（15）考查形容词及语境理解。A.normal正常的；B.various多种多样的；C.beautiful美丽的；D.unique独一无二的。句意：对于我们活着的孩子们来说，志愿服务是一种很好的方式，让他们回馈社会，尊重他们的姐妹，并学会即使从最大的悲剧中也可以得到美好的东西。根据上文的故事和空前的"even from the greatest tragedy can come something "可知，此处指即使从最大的悲剧中也可以得到美好的东西。故选C。
本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了杰西卡•巴克斯的第二个女儿Kenzi在24周时就去世了。这位住在科罗拉多的母亲情绪激动，但她最终决定将悲痛转化为对Kenzi的回忆。她为社区里的贫困女孩赠送洋娃娃，后来成立了非盈利组织"女儿们的娃娃"。她认为对于她活着的孩子们来说，志愿服务是一种很好的方式，让他们回馈社会，尊重他们的姐妹，并学会即使从最大的悲剧中也可以得到美好的东西。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。推理判断题也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。
36.【答案】【小题1】will suffer/suffers
【小题2】reaction
【小题3】has
【小题4】an
【小题5】on/upon
【小题6】to support
【小题7】how
【小题8】falling
【小题9】easier
【小题10】Similarly
【解析】（1）will suffer/suffer.考查动词时态。句意：如果你睡眠不足，你的身体和精神健康都会受到影响。分析句子可知，此空应填主句的谓语动词，再根据"If you don't get "和句意可知，此空可填一般将来时或一般现在时，且your health和suffer是主动关系。故填will suffer或suffers。
（2）reaction.考查名词。句意：它会减慢反应时间，阻止你快速做出决定。reaction time表"反应时间"，其中reaction作定语，修饰time。故填reaction。
（3）has.考查主谓一致。句意：此外，睡眠不足也会对你的健康产生长期影响。分析句子可知，此空应填谓语动词，且用一般现在时，主语not getting enough sleep为动名词，谓语应用第三人称单数形式。故填has。
（4）an.考查冠词。句意：你可能听说过你每晚需要至少八个小时的睡眠，但并没有一个确切的睡眠量适用于每个人。a mount of表"大量"，为固定搭配。且 exact为元音音素开始的单词，应用不定冠词an。故填an。
（5）on/upon.考查介词。句意：你理想的睡眠时间取决于你的年龄。denpend on/upon表"取决于" ，为固定搭配。故填on/upon。
（6）to support.考查动词不定式。句意：例如，虽然青少年每天需要8到10个小时左右的睡眠来支持他们的发展，但随着他们成长为年轻人，他们需要的睡眠越来越少。分析句子可知，此空应填不定式，作目的状语。故填to support。
（7）how.考查宾语从句。句意：良好的睡眠习惯可以让你每天的感觉大不相同。分析句子可知，此处是宾语从句，且由you feel可知，应用连接副词how,表"如何"。故填how。
（8）falling.考查动名词。句意：如果你晚上难以入睡，试着每晚在同一时间睡觉，每天在同一时间醒来。have trouble （in） doing sth表"做某事有问题"，为固定搭配。故填falling。
（9）easier.考查形容词比较级。句意：这将使你更容易入睡。由上文"try going to bed at the same time every night"可知，这样做会让你"更容易"入睡，应用形容词比较级。故填easier。
（10）Similarly.考查副词。句意：同样，白天尽量不要睡过头，因为这会影响你的正常睡眠计划。分析句子可知，逗号前应用副词，修饰整个句子，句首首字母要大写。故填Similarly。
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了睡眠对你所有身体系统的正常运作至关重要，如果你睡眠不足，你的身体和精神健康都会受到影响。
语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。
37.【答案】Dear Jack，
I'm glad to hear from you.Knowing that you intend to makea trip to Beijing during the summer vacation，I am really excitedand eager to introduce the city to you.（写信目的）
Beijing，covering an area of about 16，410 square kilometers，is located in the north of China with a population of about 21，530，000.【高分句型一】Not only is it an ancient city with a long history，but it is a place of cultural significance.【高分句型二】（介绍北京）Additionally，a great number of tourist attractions are worth visiting there，including the Imperial Palace and Tian'anmen Square.Personally，the Great Wall is amust to visit.As the proverb goes， "One who fails to reach the Great Wall is not a hero." If necessary，I can book a proper hotel for you in advance.（向他推荐若干景点并提出可以帮助他预订宾馆）
I am looking forward to your coming to China.Wish you anunforgettable experience in Beijing!（表达对他到北京旅游的期盼）
Yours，
Li Ming
【解析】高分句型一
Beijing，covering an area of about 16，410 square kilometers，is located in the north of China with a population of about 21，530，000.
翻译：北京位于中国北方，面积约16410平方公里，人口约2153万。
分析：句子里，现在分词短语covering an area of about 16，410 square kilometers，作Beijing的定语。
高分句型二
Not only is it an ancient city with a long history，but it is a place of cultural significance.
翻译：它不仅是一座历史悠久的古城，而且还是一个具有文化意义的地方。
分析：句子里，否定词Not only位于句首，句子is it an ancient city with a long history用部分倒装。
写作时，考生要尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，尽可能的使用较复杂的句子结构，尽量使用高级词汇以便得到较高的分数。写作是一个厚积薄发的过程，是一项将积累释放于一时的过程。积累越深厚，释放就越精彩；积累越科学，释放就越有效。
38.【答案】 Seated myself, I signaled the waiter to come and decided to do something before leaving. I told his story to my family and asked our waiter to add one more soup and sandwich special to our bill. Both the kids looked at me curiously as we had already eaten, but Lee knew exactly what I was doing. The waiter was confused, too, but when I explained the order was for the doorman and that he was to eat his meal inside with the rest of the customers, he smiled and thanked me. He walked towards the doorman and conveyed my kindness to him.
Hearing the waiter's words, the doorman approached me excitedly and thanked me for the hot meal. He extended his hand for a handshake, which I gratefully accepted. It was then I realized he had tears of gratitude in his eyes. I gave him a hug. Just as surprised as the rest, the doorman held me tight for a few moments. Pulling away, his tears were now streaming down his face. Back to the truck, both children asked why I would order a meal for the "smelly guy". Again, I shared that everyone had goodness inside and by expressing one simple act of kindness to others, the world would possibly become a better place.
【解析】【思路点拨】
一、文章梳理
【原文大意】
本文主要讲述了作者和家人一起去餐馆吃午饭时，遇见了一个无家可归的男人，他为我们和其他顾客开门，但是许多人对他置之不理。由于他只能买得起咖啡，所以他不得不待在餐馆外面。
【段落续写】
①由第一段首句“我坐了下来，示意服务员过来，决定在离开前做点什么。”可知，本段可续写“作者为无家可归的男人买了食物，服务员向门口的男人转达了作者的善意”。
②由第二段首句“听到服务员的话，门卫激动地走近我，感谢我的热饭。”可知，本段可续写“作者接受了男人的感谢并拥抱了他，通过向他人展示善意，世界会变得更美好”。
二、线索厘清
【续写线索】
外出就餐——遇到窘迫男人——了解情况——给予帮助——接受感谢
【词汇激活】
行为类
①决定：decide/determine
②完成：finish/complete
情绪类
①感激：appeciate/thank
②惊讶的：amazed/surprised
三、范文鉴赏
【高分句式】
①Both the kids looked at me curiously as we had already eaten, but Lee knew exactly what I was doing.（as引导原因状语从句；what引导宾语从句）
②He extended his hand for a handshake, which I gratefully accepted.（which引导非限制性定语从句）
【亮点词汇】
略
【高分句型】
略
【结构布局】
略
【拓展词汇】
略
【拓展句型】
略
2022-2023学年重庆市璧山区来凤中学高二（上）期中英语试卷
A
Hands-on basketball
The boy was only nine years old when he designed a "hands-on basketball".Chris Haas had the idea when he saw his friends miss lots of baskets.His basketball has painted hands on it.The hands show you where to put your hands when you throw the ball.Today people use his invention around the world.
Wristies
At age 10，Kathryn Gregory was playing outside one day in the cold.Her wrists （手腕） began to hurt from the cold so she decided to find a way to keep both her hands and wrists warm during the winter.In 1994，she invented Wristies：fuzzy sleeves （毛绒袖子） that can be worn underneath gloves to protect your wrists from the cold.She worked with her mom to get the idea off the ground and now the product is sold worldwide.
Makin'Bacon
Abbey Fleck was 8 years old when she noticed how much time her parents spent soaking up bacon fat （吸干培根油脂） after cooking.She realized that it might be easier to hang bacon while it cooks.That way you wouldn't need paper towels and it would even make the bacon healthier.She then worked with her father to design a dish that hangs bacon while it cooks.Now people can see her invention in many supermarkets.
Braille
Louis Braille had an accident when he was three.The accident left him blind.At that time，it was hard for blind children to read.They had to touch raised letters.But it was difficult to tell a Q from an O，an R from a B，and so on.When he was fifteen，Louis invented an alphabet （字母表） that used raised dots （小圆点）.The Braille alphabet was a big success!
1. Whose invention is related to sports？ ______
A. Chris Haas'. B. Kathryn Gregory's.
C. Abbey Fleck's. D. Louis Braille's.
2. What can we learn about Makin' Bacon？ ______
A. It was invented in 1994.
B. It was named after its inventor.
C. It helps people eat more healthily.
D. It reduces the cases of cooking accidents.
3. What do the four inventions have in common？ ______
A. They were invented by kids.
B. They came into being by chance.
C. They were designed to help others.
D. They brought wealth to their inventors.
B
My daughter was being thrown out of the sixth grade. The teacher said, "She may not be up to what we're trying to accomplish." He was really saying she didn't have the intelligence. I got mad because I knew she was smart, just as my father had known I was smart when I was failing in school. We had her tested.I decided to get myself tested as well, and found that the troubles she was having were exactly what I had had-dyslexia. By then I was a successful television writer, and had won an Emmy Award for "The Rockford Files."
If I had known earlier that something beyond my control could explain why I was a low achiever, I may not have worked so hard in my late 20s and early 30s. I was writing and writing. I was working for no other reason than to hear people praise me, because I did badly in all my courses.
I once asked a friend who had always gotten an A, "How long did you study for this?" He said, "I didn't. I just glanced at it." So he must be smarter. I began to ask, "What will happen to me when I'm not good at anything?" Despite my doubts, I did become successful, and people now say to me, "So you've overcome dyslexia."
No. You don't overcome it, you learn to compensate for it. Some easy things are very hard for me.Most people who go through college read twice as fast as I do. I avoid dialing a phone if I can, because I sometimes have to try three times to get the number right.
Despite my weaknesses I view dyslexia as a gift, not a curse ( 诅咒). Many dyslexics are good at right-brain, abstract thought, and that's what my kind of creative writing is. And I can write quickly, and can get up to 15 pages a day. Writing is my strength.
The real fear I have for dyslexic children is not they have to struggle in school, but that they will quit on themselves before they get out of school. Parents have to create victories for them, whether it's music,sports or art. You can make your dyslexic child able to say, "Yeah, reading is hard. But I have other things I can do."
4. The writer decided to get himself tested as well because he ______ ．
A. wanted to know if they had the same problem
B. didn't believe his daughter had the problem
C. had to take a regular medical examination
D. accepted that his daughter was not smart
5. We can learn from the second paragraph that the writer ______ ．
A. struggled and got better grades
B. didn't work hard when he was young
C. was praised for overcoming dyslexia
D. was thankful not knowing of dyslexia earlier
6. According to the passage, a dyslexic person ______ ．
A. is less intelligent
B. always fails in school
C. reads more slowly than normal people
D. performs worse in left-brain activities
7. What can we learn from the story ？
A. Clumsy birds have to start flying early.
B. God shuts one door but opens another.
C. Never judge a person by his appearance.
D. No one can make a good coat with bad cloth.
C
A study of violinists found that merely good players practised as much as better players，leaving other factors such as quality of education，learning skills and perhaps natural talent to account for the difference.
This finding challenges the 10，000-hour rule promoted in Malcolm Gladwell's 1993 study of violinists and pianists.Gladwell states that enough practice will make an expert of anyone. "The idea has been popular and in our culture for years.It's not an idiom but an overstatement，" said Brooke Macnamara，the lead author. "When it comes to human skill，a complex combination of environmental factors and genetic factors explains the performance differences across people."
Macnamara and her colleagues set out to repeat part of the 1993 study to see whether they reached the same conclusion.They interviewed three groups of 13 violinists regarded as best，good，or less accomplished about their practice habits，before having them complete daily diaries of their activities over a week.While the less skillful violinists reached an average of about 6，000 hours of practice by the age of 20，there was little to separate the good from the best，with each reaching an average of about 11，000 hours.In all，the number of hours spent practising accounted for about a quarter of the skill difference across the three groups.
Macnamara believes practice is less of a driver. "Once you get to the highly skilled groups，practice stops accounting for the difference.Everyone has practised a lot and other factors are at play in determining who goes on to a higher level，" she said. "The factors depend on the skill being learned：in chess it could be intelligence or working memory；in sport it may be how efficiently a person uses oxygen.To complicate matters further，one factor can drive another.Children who enjoy playing the violin，for example，may be happy to practise because they do not see it as a trouble."
The authors of the 1993 study are unimpressed.Macnamara said it was important for people to understand the limits of practice，though. "Practice makes you better than you were yesterday，most of the time，" she said. "But it might not make you better than your neighhour or the other kid in your violin class."
8. What does the underlined word "entrenched" in paragraph 2 probably mean？ ______
A. Rooted. B. Advanced. C. Changed. D. Unconfirmed.
9. What can we learn about Macnamara's study？ ______
A. It convinced Malcolm Gladwell.
B. It involved violinists and pianists.
C. Its process was similar to the 1993 study.
D. Its result is consistent with the 1993 study.
10. What does Macnamara find about highly skilled people？ ______
A. Practicing for 11，000 hours is their main driver.
B. They enjoy keeping diaries about their progress.
C. Environmental factors have little relation to their success.
D. More practice makes little difference to their further progress.
11. What is the best title for the text？ ______
A. What makes an expert？ B. Does practice make perfect？
C. The early bird catches the worm D. Enthusiasm is the key to success
D
This week，Parisians have been treated to the sight of ecotaxis，transporting people up and down the river Seine.They are called SeaBubbles and are being tested ahead of the decision to introduce them into the Parisian transport network.The SeaBubble is still in its early testing period，using technological know-how from several industries.The boat sits in the water as the passengers get on and off but once the door is closed the boat starts moving at 12 kmh （7.5 mph） along the surface.It is 100% electric.
The foils （箔） they use are not new technology；they date back to 1898 and an Italian engineer called Enrico Forlanini.The Germans tested foil boats in the 1940s，the first hydrofoil ferry（水翼渡船） was used between Switzerland and Italy in the 1950s and by 1965，a hydrofoil boat was good enough for the James Bond baddie in Thunderball.What has changed，however，is the technology，which has improved to the point where it can now succeed in dealing with some of the shortcomings which prevented their widespread use.
The company has big goals；it wants to use the world's waterways — and not roads — to transport people from A to B，and it wants to do so with "zero wave，zero emission （排放），zero noise." The SeaBubbles would travel at the same speed as cars and the goal is to provide these at the same cost as a taxi，with customers ordering them through an app as they would an Uber.
Anders Bringdal，SeaBubbles CEO，told Associated Press that he hopes to change the way people move about cities.SeaBubbles are one more example of how shared public transport can change the mobility of large cities，much like shared bikes are now doing.People are increasingly looking to rivers as a means of moving around large cities to compete with the subway or buses — in London，travel cards are now accepted on river boats.
12. What do we know about the SeaBubble？ ______
A. It has been used in Paris.
B. It moves as fast as a car.
C. It is under water when it moves.
D. It uses knowledge from other industries.
13. Why did the author list the events about foils in paragraph 2？ ______
A. To give special importance to the breakthrough of foils.
B. To explain the reasons for creating the SeaBubble.
C. To point out the disadvantages of foils.
D. To show how the SeaBubble works.
14. What is the company's future plan？ ______
A. To put traditional taxis out of business.
B. To work with Uber to transport more people.
C. To transport people on waterways worldwide.
D. To make environment-friendly inventions at low prices.
15. What can we infer about the SeaBubble from the last paragraph？ ______
A. It may have an important place in public transport.
B. It has been widely accepted by many countries.
C. It will make the company world-famous.
D. It still needs more tests.
What Are the Roots of Your Self-Esteem？
Self-esteem is a person's subjective assessment of his or her worth to himself or herself.Self- esteem covers various beliefs about oneself （such as I'm a failure" and "I'm beautiful"） as well as physiological states，including sadness，joy，and shame.When we don't believe that we are worthy of these things，our ability to enjoy them can suffer. (1) The more we believe that we are worthy of happiness and good things in life，the more self-fulfilled we will be.
Healthy self-esteem as an adult can be a gift given in your childhood.It is a blessing that most people overlook.There are so many ways adults with high self-esteem were supported as children that resulted in them having high self-esteem.For instance，they were praised for what they had achieved.
(2) They likely experienced affection and were given enough attention.It is also possible that they excelled in studies or in sports and were admired for it by peers.
(3) As children，many of these people were criticized，yelled at，or abused in one way
or another.There is also a high chance that they were given no attention by the adults who were supposed to care for them.In some cases，adults with poor self-esteem were often ridiculed for their shortcomings or bullied by peers.
It is common that these adults also believe that in order to be appreciated they need to be perfect. (4) There are people who are obsessed with their careers or hobbies because in their mind they need to tie their worthiness to something concrete.Oftentimes these people have to pretend to be something they are not just to get approval.
How you feel about yourself impacts how you live your life.People with high self-esteem tend to have better relationships than those with low self-esteem.High self-esteem enables you to ask for help and support from the people around you when you need it. (5)
A.There is also a good chance that they were spoken to respectfully.
B.When we start to doubt what's important in life，we tend to do less of it.
C.Since self-esteem is connected to how we perform，it is important to work on it.
D.People with poor self-esteem，on the other hand，often experienced the opposite.
E.This creates an image in their mind that without accomplishment they are worthless.
F.They face failure too，but they understand that failure or success doesn't define them.
G.So if you struggle to reach out for assistance，it could be rooted in your low self-esteem.
16. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
17. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
18. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
19. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
20. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
January 23，2007 became a nightmare for Jessica Bachus.Her second daughter Kenzi (21) at just 24 weeks. "When Kenzi passed away，all my hopes went away，too，" Jessica says.The Colorado-based mother was overcome with emotion，(22) she eventually decided to channel her grief into the (23) of Kenzi.
Jessica knew that even if she couldn't give dolls to both of her daughters that year，she could still make the holidays (24) for another girl.With the help of her husband，Kyle，and their daughter，Bailey，she (25) 150 dolls to gift underprivileged girls in the community.
"When I saw a family (26) a doll we donated，I cried tears of joy for the first time in almost a year，" Jessica says.So，she (27) to collect dolls and founded the Dolls for Daughters，a nonprofit organization dedicated to (28) financially-strapped families in Colorado with toys，food，school supplies，and more.
Now going into its ninth annual (29)，the Dolls for Daughters operates five toy shops in Colorado on the first Saturday in December.Parents are able to choose at least one new gift for each of their children free of charge.
"Most families in our(30) make less than ﹩15，000 a year，" Jessica says. "Many children are used to getting hand-me-downs——this is one time we guarantee that what they get is (31)." Since the establishment of the Dolls for Daughters，more than 48，000 children have been (32) and more than 323，400 items have been gifted to the families.
Jessica and her husband now have four children——Bailey，Kam，Karson，and Kenzi. "We talk about Kenzi all the time.Last year our goal was to serve 10，000 kids since she would have been ten.It was a big(33) and we surpassed it，" Jessica says. "For our living children，volunteering is a great way for them to (34) back，honor their sister，and learn that even from the greatest tragedy can come something (35)."
21. A. died B. left C. talked D. returned
22. A. so B. for C. and D. but
23. A. recovery B. rescue C. memory D. appearance
24. A. simple B. fresh C. special D. sensible
25. A. bought B. collected C. possessed D. exchanged
26. A. pick up B. turn down C. come across D. break up
27. A. failed B. agreed C. offered D. continued
28. A. finding B. choosing C. supporting D. appreciating
29. A. check B. celebration C. competition D. donation
30. A. world B. schedule C. opinion D. program
31. A. new B. useful C. strange D. expensive
32. A. treated B. served C. greeted D. honored
33. A. reward B. number C. surprise D. success
34. A. give B. push C. come D. turn
35. A. normal B. various C. beautiful D. unique
36. Sleep is essential for the proper functioning of all your body systems,from your nerve system to your immune system.Getting enough sleep is the foundation of good health.If you don't get enough sleep,your health,both physical and mental, (1) （ suffer）.
Fatigue （疲惫） is the most obvious and immediate consequence of lack of sleep.It slows down (2) （ react） time and prevents you from making quick decisions.In addition,not getting enough sleep also (3) （ have） long-term effects on your health.
You've likely heard that you need to get at least eight hours of sleep per night but there isn't (4) exact amount of sleep which applies to everyone.Your ideal sleep duration depends (5) your age.For example,although teenagers need around 8 to 10 hours of sleep every day (6) （ support） their development,as they grow into young adults,they need less and less.
Good sleep habits can make a huge difference in (7) you feel every day.It's important to establish a good bedtime routine.If you have trouble (8) （ fall） asleep at night,try going to bed at the same time every night and waking up at the same time each day.This will make it (9) （ easy） for you to fall asleep. (10) （ Similar），try not to oversleep during the day as this can impact your usual sleep schedule.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
37. 假如你是李明，你的美国笔友Jack给你发来email，想在暑假到北京参观旅游，请你根据下列提示，给Jack回复邮件。
1.介绍北京（位于中国北部，常住人口约2153万，历史悠久，有许多旅游景点）；
2.向他推荐若干景点并提出可以帮助他预订宾馆；
3.表达对他到北京旅游的期盼。
注意：
1.词数80左右；
3.可以适当增加细节，以使内容充实、行文连贯。
参考词汇：故宫the Imperial Palace天安门广场Tian'anmen Square
Dear Jack
Yours，
Li Ming
38. On our way to California, my husband Lee and I stopped at a restaurant to have lunch and stretch our legs a bit with our kids Jack and Jenny.
As we walked toward the entrance, an ugly looking doorman jumped up from a nearby bench and opened the door for us. "Good afternoon and welcome to Denny's," he said in a very joyful voice. In his hand he held a cup full of steaming coffee—which was inviting on such a cold day—but from the looks of the rest of him, it appeared that he hadn't had a good meal or a shower in a long time. Obviously he was homeless. But regardless of his appearance, he greeted us as if we were his best friends, adding as we entered, "Today's soup and sandwich special is a great deal."
Once inside, my kids whispered to me, "Mom, he smells." After we ordered our lunch, Lee and I explained the best we could, telling the kids to look beyond the dirt to the person underneath and within. As we explained, the four of us watched other customers approach the restaurant. They appeared unsure of the homeless man and many ignored him.
Seeing this rudeness truly frustrated me. When we were almost finished, I excused myself from the meal and went to the truck for my purse.
As I neared the front door, the doorman was opening it for a couple and welcoming them to the restaurant. They rushed past him and didn't even acknowledge his presence. I let the couple come through first and then said a loud, and polite "thank you" to the doorman as I exited.
When I came back, we talked a lot. The doorman told me that the restaurant's manager wouldn't let him inside unless he purchased food. All he could afford was coffee which, he said, didn't count as "food" according to the manager, so he had to stay outside.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Seated myself, I signaled the waiter to come and decided to do something before leaving.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Hearing the waiter's words, the doorman approached me excitedly and thanked me for the hot meal.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案和解析
1~3.【答案】A、C、A
【解析】（1）A.推理判断题。根据第一段The boy was only nine years old when he designed a "hands-on basketball".Chris Haas had the idea when he saw his friends miss lots of baskets.His basketball has painted hands on it.The hands show you where to put your hands when you throw the ball.这个男孩设计"hands-on basketball"时只有九岁。克里斯•哈斯看到他的朋友们丢了很多分，就有了这个想法。他的篮球上画了手。当你投球时，手会告诉你手放在哪里。可知，Chris Haas的发明与运动有关，故选A。
（2）C.推理判断题。根据第三段Abbey Fleck was 8 years old when she noticed how much time her parents spent soaking up bacon fat （吸干培根油脂） after cooking.She realized that it might be easier to hang bacon while it cooks.She then worked with her father to design a dish that hangs bacon while it cooks.Now people can see her invention in many supermarkets.艾比•弗莱克8岁时注意到父母烹饪完后花了多少时间来吸干培根油脂。她意识到烤培根时挂起来可能更容易。然后，她和父亲一起设计了一道菜，烹饪时可以挂上培根。现在人们可以在许多超市看到她的发明。可知，她的发明使得培根里的油脂更少，即人们的饮食变得更加的健康，故选C。
（3）A.推理判断题。根据第一段The boy was only nine years old when he designed a "hands-on basketball".这个男孩设计"hands-on basketball"时只有九岁；At age 10，Kathryn Gregory was playing outside one day in the cold.10岁的时候，凯瑟琳•格雷戈里有一天在外面寒冷地玩耍；Abbey Fleck was 8 years old when she noticed how much time her parents spent soaking up bacon fat （吸干培根油脂） after cooking.She then worked with her father to design a dish that hangs bacon while it cooks.艾比•弗莱克8岁时注意到父母烹饪完后花了多少时间来吸干培根油脂。然后，她和父亲一起设计了一道菜，烹饪时可以挂上培根；When he was fifteen，Louis invented an alphabet （字母表） that used raised dots （小圆点）.路易十五岁时发明了字母表用凸起的圆点来表达的字母表。可知，这几个发明的相同点就是他们都是孩子发明的，故选A。
本文是一篇广告布告类阅读，主要向读者介绍了几个孩子的有用的发明。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
4~7.【答案】A、D、C、B
【解析】【文章大意】本文为议论文。作者得知女儿患了阅读障碍，回想到自己读书时遇到的同样的艰辛，作者用自己努力换来的成功经历告诉我们，遇到困难只要不放弃，总会取得成功。
1.
根据第一段We had her tested and found that the troubles my daughter was having were the same as those I had had. I decided to get tested as well.我们对她进行了测试，发现我女儿遇到的麻烦和我遇到的一样。我也决定做个测试。可知，作者决定给自己做个测试大概是因为他想知道他们是否有同样的问题。
2.
根据第二段第一句Had I known earlier, though, that there was a reason beyond my control to explain why I was a low achiever, I may not have worked so hard in my late 20s and early 30s.如果我早一点知道，有一个我无法控制的原因来解释为什么我是一个低成就者，我可能不会在我快30岁和30岁出头的时候如此努力工作。可知，作者很庆幸以前不知道自己患有阅读障碍症。
3. 根据第一段"My daughter was being thrown out of the sixth grade. The teacher said, "She may not be up to what we're trying to accomplish." He was really saying she didn't have the intelligence. I got mad because I knew she was smart, just as my father had known I was smart when I was failing in school. We had her tested.I decided to get myself tested as well, and found that the troubles she was having were exactly what I had had-dyslexia. By then I was a successful television writer, and had won an Emmy Award for "The Rockford Files." 我女儿被六年级开除了。老师说"她可能达不到我们的目的"他实际上是在说她不够聪明。我生气是因为我知道她很聪明，就像我父亲知道我在学校不及格时很聪明一样。我们给她做了检查。我也决定去做个检查，发现她的问题正是我的问题，阅读障碍。那时我已经是个成功的电视编剧了，还因"洛克福德档案"获得了艾美奖"老师描述女儿在学校的学习表现和第四段" No. You don't overcome it, you learn to compensate for it. Some easy things are very hard for me.Most people who go through college read twice as fast as I do. I avoid dialing a phone if I can, because I sometimes have to try three times to get the number right. 不，你不能克服它，你要学会弥补它。有些简单的事情对我来说很难。大多数上大学的人读得比我快两倍。我尽量避免拨电话，因为有时我要试三次才能把号码拨对。"中作者与经常得A的朋友之间的对话可知，作者和女儿一样遇到了阅读障碍，根据这篇文章，可推知a dyslexic person 比正常人读得慢的人。
4. 通读全文，作者通过回忆自己读书时遇到艰辛但仍不放弃，用自己努力换来的成功经历告诉我们，遇到困难只要不放弃，总会取得成功。God never shuts one door but he opens another.（天无绝人之路）符合语境。故选B.
8~11.【答案】A、C、D、B
【解析】（1）A.词义猜测题。根据文章第二段Gladwell states that enough practice will make an expert of anyone."The idea has been popular and entrenched in our culture for years.格拉德威尔说，足够的实践将使任何人成为专家。多年来，这一理念在我们的文化中已经流行并根深蒂固。可知，划线单词意为：根深蒂固的，A．Rooted根深蒂固的；B．Advanced先进的；C．Changed变化的；D．Unconfirmed未确认的，结合选项，故选A.
（2）C.细节理解题。根据文章第三段Macnamara and her colleagues set out to repeat part of the 1993 study to see whether they reached the same conclusion.麦克纳马拉和她的同事开始重复1993年的部分研究，看看他们是否得出同样的结论。可知，麦克纳马拉做的实验和1993年做的实验是相似的，结合选项，故选C.
（3）D.推理判断题。根据文章第四段Macnamara believes practice is less of a driver. "Once you get to the highly skilled groups，practice stops accounting for the difference.Everyone has practised a lot and other factors are at play in determining who goes on to a higher level，" she said.麦克纳马拉认为，练习并不是一个驱动因素。"一旦你进入高技能团队，练习就不再是差异的原因。每个人都练习了很多，其他因素也在决定谁能进入更高的水平，"她说。可知，麦克纳马拉认为更多练习对高技能的人的进一步进步没有多大影响，结合选项，故选D.
（4）B.标题归纳题。根据文章第一段A study of violinists found that merely good players practised as much as better players，leaving other factors such as quality of education，learning skills and perhaps natural talent to account for the difference.一项对小提琴家的研究发现，仅仅是优秀的小提琴手就和更好的小提琴手练习得一样多，而其他因素，如教育质量、学习技巧，也许还有天生的天赋，来解释这种差异。可知，本文章主要向读者说明了优秀的人的成就是非常多的因素的结果，尤其提到了练习的重要性进行了说明，结合选项，故选B.
本文章主要向读者说明了优秀的人的成就是非常多的因素的结果，尤其提到了练习的重要性进行了说明。
阅读理解解题步骤：首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意。因为阅读理解题一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能多地捕获信息材料。
其次，细读题材，各个击破。掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息。
要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性。对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准。
12~15.【答案】D、A、C、A
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段中The SeaBubble is still in its early testing period，using technological know-how from several industries.（SeaBubble仍处于早期测试阶段，运用几个行业的技术知识。）可知，SeaBubble利用其他行业的知识。故选D。
（2）推理判断题。根据第二段第一句The foils they use are not new technology；they date back to 1898 and an Italian engineer called Enrico Forlanini.（他们使用的箔不是新技术；它们可以追溯到1898年，一位名叫恩里科•福拉尼尼的意大利工程师。）以及最后一句What has changed，however，is the technology，which has improved to the point where it can now succeed in dealing with some of the shortcomings which prevented their widespread use.（然而，改变的是这项技术，它已经改进到现在可以成功地解决阻碍其广泛使用的一些缺点。）可知，作者在第2段中列出了关于箔的事件，是为了特别强调箔的突破。故选A。
（3）细节理解题。根据第三段中The company has big goals；it wants to use the world's waterways — and not roads — to transport people from A to B，and it wants to do so with "zero wave，zero emission （排放），zero noise." （公司有很大的目标，它希望利用世界上的水路而不是公路将人们从A地运送到B地，并希望做到"零波浪、零排放、零噪音"。）可知，该公司的未来计划是在世界各地的水路上运送人员。故选C。
（4）推理判断题。根据最后一段中SeaBubbles are one more example of how shared public transport can change the mobility of large cities，much like shared bikes are now doing.People are increasingly looking to rivers as a means of moving around large cities to compete with the subway or buses — in London，travel cards are now accepted on river boats.（SeaBubble是共享公共交通如何改变大城市流动性的又一个例子，就像共享自行车现在所做的那样。人们越来越多地将河流作为一种在大城市中流动的方式，与地铁或公交车竞争--在伦敦，游船上现在可以使用旅行卡。）可推知，越来越多的人将河流作为一种在大城市中流动的方式，SeaBubble会在公共交通中占有重要地位。故选A。
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种新型的水上交通工具"SeaBubble"。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
16~20.【答案】B、A、D、E、G
【解析】（1）逻辑关系题。由前一句When we don't believe that we are worthy of these things，our ability to enjoy them can suffer.（当我们不相信自己配得上生活中的这些东西时，我们享受这些东西的能力就会受到影响。）故选B"当我们开始怀疑生命中重要的东西时，我们往往会做得更少。"符合上下文逻辑关系。故选B。
（2）推理判断题。本题前一句For instance，they were praised for what they had achieved（比如高自尊心的人达成目标会受到表扬）；后一句 They likely experienced affection and were given enough attention（他们可能经历喜欢并受到足够关注。）由此推断，此处写受尊重的人获得的待遇。选项 A："也有很好的机会，他们被尊重地交谈。"符合语境，故选A。
（3）推理判断题。定位至第三段可知本段第一句As children，many of these people were criticized，yelled at，or abused in one way or another.（在孩提时代，这些人中的许多人都受到了批评、呵斥或虐待。）主要讲述自尊心不足（poor self-esteem）的孩子的情况。由此推断D选项："另一方面，自尊心不足的人面临的恰恰相反。"符合语境，故选D。
（4）推理判断题。根据前文It is common that these adults also believe that in order to be appreciated they need to be perfect.（通常，自尊心不足的成年人也相信为了受到表扬他们需要完美。）由此推断E选项："他们在脑海里创建了一个画面，那就是没有成就他们便一文不值。"符合语境。故选E。
（5）细节理解题。根据前文People with high self-esteem tend to have better relationships than those with low self-esteem（自尊心强的人趋向于比自尊心弱的人拥有跟好的人际关系。）后面 So if you struggle to reach out for assistance，it could be rooted in your low self-esteem.（所以如果你在纠结想寻求帮助，这可能是你自尊心不足。）由此推断选G选项："所以，如果你很难寻求帮助，这可能源于你的自卑。"符合语境，故选G。
本文是一篇说明文，介绍了自尊是一个人对自己价值的主观评价。自尊包括对自己的各种信念以及生理状态，包括悲伤、快乐和羞耻。本文主要阐述了自尊的根源是什么。
七选五阅读是完成性阅读，和完形填空很类似，不同的是一个选词，一个选句子。解题时，要注意上下文语境，充分考虑信息词（选项中和空格前后句子中相同或相近的词），选出最符合语境的句子。
21~35.【答案】A、D、C、C、B、A、D、C、D、D、A、B、B、A、C
【解析】（1）考查动词及语境理解。A.died死亡；B.left离开；C.talked谈话；D.returned归还。句意：她的第二个女儿Kenzi在24周时就去世了。根据下文"When Kenzi passed away"可知，Kenzi去世了。故选A。
（2）考查连词及语境理解。A.so因此；B.for因为；C.and和；D.but但是。句意：这位住在科罗拉多州的母亲情绪激动，但她最终决定把她的悲伤转为对Kenzi的怀念。根据语境可知，前后句意存在转折关系，尽管十分悲痛，但是这位母亲决定将悲痛转为对女儿的怀念。故应用转折连词but。故选D。
（3）考查名词及语境理解。A.recovery恢复；B.rescue营救；C.memory怀念；D.appearance表面。句意：这位住在科罗拉多州的母亲情绪激动，但她最终决定把她的悲伤转为对Kenzi的怀念。根据下文"For our living children，volunteering is a great way for them to （14）_____back，honor their sister"可知，母亲决定用另一种方式纪念女儿Kenzi。故选C。
（4）考查形容词及语境理解。A.simple简单的；B.fresh新鲜的；C.special特别的；D.sensible理智的。句意：杰西卡知道，即使那年她不能给两个女儿都送娃娃，她仍然可以让另一个女孩的节日变得特别。根据下文"With the help of her husband，Kyle，and their daughter，Bailey，she （5）_____150 dolls to gift underprivileged girls in the community."可知，杰西卡通过给别的女孩送娃娃，让另一个女孩的节日变得特别。故选C。
（5）考查动词及语境理解。A.bought买；B.collected收集；C.possessed拥有；D.exchanged交换。句意：在丈夫Kyle和女儿Bailey的帮助下，她收集了150个洋娃娃，送给社区里的贫困女孩。根据下文"So，she（7）_____to collect dolls and founded the Dolls for Daughters"可知，杰西卡收集了150个洋娃娃，送给社区里的贫困女孩。故选B。
（6）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.pick up拿起；B.turn down调低；C.come across偶遇；D.break up打碎。句意："当我看到一个家庭拿起我们捐赠的娃娃时，我几乎一年来第一次流下了喜悦的泪水，"杰西卡说。根据空后"a doll we donated"及常识可知，此处指拿起捐赠的娃娃。故选A。
（7）考查动词及语境理解。A.failed失败；B.agreed同意；C.offered提供；D.continued继续。句意：因此，她继续收集娃娃，并创建了"女儿们的娃娃"，这是一个非营利组织，致力于为科罗拉多州经济拮据的家庭提供玩具、食品、学校用品等。根据下文"to collect dolls and founded the Dolls for Daughters，a nonprofit organization dedicated to （8）_____financially-strapped families in Colorado with toys，food，school supplies，and more"可知，杰西卡继续收集娃娃，并创建了非盈利组织——"女儿们的娃娃"。故选D。
（8）考查动词及语境理解。A.finding找到；B.choosing选择；C.supporting支持；D.appreciating感激。句意：因此，她继续收集娃娃，并创建了"女儿们的娃娃"，这是一个非营利组织，致力于为科罗拉多州经济拮据的家庭提供玩具、食品、学校用品等。根据上文" to gift underprivileged girls in the community"空后"financially-strapped families in Colorado with toys，food，school supplies，and more"可知，此处指该组织支持那些经济拮据的家庭。故选C。
（9）考查名词及语境理解。A.check检查；B.celebration庆祝；C.competition竞赛；D.donation捐赠。句意：现在进入了第九次年度捐赠，"女儿们的娃娃"在12月的第一个星期六在科罗拉多州经营着五家玩具店。根据下文"Parents are able to choose at least one new gift for each of their children free of charge."可知，此处指年度捐赠活动。故选D。
（10）考查名词及语境理解。A.world世界；B.schedule时间表；C.opinion观点；D.program项目。句意："参加我们项目的大多数家庭年收入不到1.5万美元，"杰西卡说。根据上文"financially-strapped families in Colorado with toys，food，school supplies，and more"可知，此处指参加这个项目的家庭年收入都不高。故选D。
（11）考查形容词及语境理解。A.new新的；B.useful有用的；C.strange陌生的；D.expensive昂贵的。句意：许多孩子已经习惯了收到旧的礼物——这一次我们保证他们得到的是新的。根据上文"Many children are used to getting hand-me-downs"可知，这些习惯了旧礼物的孩子们，这次收到的礼物是新的。故选A。
（12）考查动词及语境理解。A.treated款待；B.served服务；C.greeted问候；D.honored尊重。句意：自从"女儿们的娃娃"成立以来，已经有超过4.8万名孩子得到了服务，超过323400件礼物被送给了这些家庭。根据下文"Last year our goal was to serve 10，000 kids since she would have been ten."可知，此处指已经有超过4.8万名孩子得到了服务。故选B。
（13）考查名词及语境理解。A.reward奖励；B.number数字；C.surprise吃惊；D.success成功。句意："我们一直在谈论Kenzi。去年，我们的目标是为1万名儿童提供服务，因为她将年满10岁。这是一个很大的数字，我们超过了它，"杰西卡说。根据上文"Last year our goal was to serve 10，000 kids since she would have been ten."可知，此处指上文提高的数字。故选B。
（14）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.give （back）回报；B.push （back）推回；C.come （back）回来；D.turn （back）往回走。句意：对于我们活着的孩子们来说，志愿服务是一种很好的方式，让他们回馈社会，尊重他们的姐妹，并学会即使从最大的悲剧中也可以得到美好的东西。根据空前"volunteering is a great way"及常识可知，志愿服务是一种很好的回馈社会的方式。故选A。
（15）考查形容词及语境理解。A.normal正常的；B.various多种多样的；C.beautiful美丽的；D.unique独一无二的。句意：对于我们活着的孩子们来说，志愿服务是一种很好的方式，让他们回馈社会，尊重他们的姐妹，并学会即使从最大的悲剧中也可以得到美好的东西。根据上文的故事和空前的"even from the greatest tragedy can come something "可知，此处指即使从最大的悲剧中也可以得到美好的东西。故选C。
本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了杰西卡•巴克斯的第二个女儿Kenzi在24周时就去世了。这位住在科罗拉多的母亲情绪激动，但她最终决定将悲痛转化为对Kenzi的回忆。她为社区里的贫困女孩赠送洋娃娃，后来成立了非盈利组织"女儿们的娃娃"。她认为对于她活着的孩子们来说，志愿服务是一种很好的方式，让他们回馈社会，尊重他们的姐妹，并学会即使从最大的悲剧中也可以得到美好的东西。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。推理判断题也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。
36.【答案】【小题1】will suffer/suffers
【小题2】reaction
【小题3】has
【小题4】an
【小题5】on/upon
【小题6】to support
【小题7】how
【小题8】falling
【小题9】easier
【小题10】Similarly
【解析】（1）will suffer/suffer.考查动词时态。句意：如果你睡眠不足，你的身体和精神健康都会受到影响。分析句子可知，此空应填主句的谓语动词，再根据"If you don't get "和句意可知，此空可填一般将来时或一般现在时，且your health和suffer是主动关系。故填will suffer或suffers。
（2）reaction.考查名词。句意：它会减慢反应时间，阻止你快速做出决定。reaction time表"反应时间"，其中reaction作定语，修饰time。故填reaction。
（3）has.考查主谓一致。句意：此外，睡眠不足也会对你的健康产生长期影响。分析句子可知，此空应填谓语动词，且用一般现在时，主语not getting enough sleep为动名词，谓语应用第三人称单数形式。故填has。
（4）an.考查冠词。句意：你可能听说过你每晚需要至少八个小时的睡眠，但并没有一个确切的睡眠量适用于每个人。a mount of表"大量"，为固定搭配。且 exact为元音音素开始的单词，应用不定冠词an。故填an。
（5）on/upon.考查介词。句意：你理想的睡眠时间取决于你的年龄。denpend on/upon表"取决于" ，为固定搭配。故填on/upon。
（6）to support.考查动词不定式。句意：例如，虽然青少年每天需要8到10个小时左右的睡眠来支持他们的发展，但随着他们成长为年轻人，他们需要的睡眠越来越少。分析句子可知，此空应填不定式，作目的状语。故填to support。
（7）how.考查宾语从句。句意：良好的睡眠习惯可以让你每天的感觉大不相同。分析句子可知，此处是宾语从句，且由you feel可知，应用连接副词how,表"如何"。故填how。
（8）falling.考查动名词。句意：如果你晚上难以入睡，试着每晚在同一时间睡觉，每天在同一时间醒来。have trouble （in） doing sth表"做某事有问题"，为固定搭配。故填falling。
（9）easier.考查形容词比较级。句意：这将使你更容易入睡。由上文"try going to bed at the same time every night"可知，这样做会让你"更容易"入睡，应用形容词比较级。故填easier。
（10）Similarly.考查副词。句意：同样，白天尽量不要睡过头，因为这会影响你的正常睡眠计划。分析句子可知，逗号前应用副词，修饰整个句子，句首首字母要大写。故填Similarly。
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了睡眠对你所有身体系统的正常运作至关重要，如果你睡眠不足，你的身体和精神健康都会受到影响。
语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。
37.【答案】Dear Jack，
I'm glad to hear from you.Knowing that you intend to makea trip to Beijing during the summer vacation，I am really excitedand eager to introduce the city to you.（写信目的）
Beijing，covering an area of about 16，410 square kilometers，is located in the north of China with a population of about 21，530，000.【高分句型一】Not only is it an ancient city with a long history，but it is a place of cultural significance.【高分句型二】（介绍北京）Additionally，a great number of tourist attractions are worth visiting there，including the Imperial Palace and Tian'anmen Square.Personally，the Great Wall is amust to visit.As the proverb goes， "One who fails to reach the Great Wall is not a hero." If necessary，I can book a proper hotel for you in advance.（向他推荐若干景点并提出可以帮助他预订宾馆）
I am looking forward to your coming to China.Wish you anunforgettable experience in Beijing!（表达对他到北京旅游的期盼）
Yours，
Li Ming
【解析】高分句型一
Beijing，covering an area of about 16，410 square kilometers，is located in the north of China with a population of about 21，530，000.
翻译：北京位于中国北方，面积约16410平方公里，人口约2153万。
分析：句子里，现在分词短语covering an area of about 16，410 square kilometers，作Beijing的定语。
高分句型二
Not only is it an ancient city with a long history，but it is a place of cultural significance.
翻译：它不仅是一座历史悠久的古城，而且还是一个具有文化意义的地方。
分析：句子里，否定词Not only位于句首，句子is it an ancient city with a long history用部分倒装。
写作时，考生要尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，尽可能的使用较复杂的句子结构，尽量使用高级词汇以便得到较高的分数。写作是一个厚积薄发的过程，是一项将积累释放于一时的过程。积累越深厚，释放就越精彩；积累越科学，释放就越有效。
38.【答案】 Seated myself, I signaled the waiter to come and decided to do something before leaving. I told his story to my family and asked our waiter to add one more soup and sandwich special to our bill. Both the kids looked at me curiously as we had already eaten, but Lee knew exactly what I was doing. The waiter was confused, too, but when I explained the order was for the doorman and that he was to eat his meal inside with the rest of the customers, he smiled and thanked me. He walked towards the doorman and conveyed my kindness to him.
Hearing the waiter's words, the doorman approached me excitedly and thanked me for the hot meal. He extended his hand for a handshake, which I gratefully accepted. It was then I realized he had tears of gratitude in his eyes. I gave him a hug. Just as surprised as the rest, the doorman held me tight for a few moments. Pulling away, his tears were now streaming down his face. Back to the truck, both children asked why I would order a meal for the "smelly guy". Again, I shared that everyone had goodness inside and by expressing one simple act of kindness to others, the world would possibly become a better place.
【解析】【思路点拨】
一、文章梳理
【原文大意】
本文主要讲述了作者和家人一起去餐馆吃午饭时，遇见了一个无家可归的男人，他为我们和其他顾客开门，但是许多人对他置之不理。由于他只能买得起咖啡，所以他不得不待在餐馆外面。
【段落续写】
①由第一段首句“我坐了下来，示意服务员过来，决定在离开前做点什么。”可知，本段可续写“作者为无家可归的男人买了食物，服务员向门口的男人转达了作者的善意”。
②由第二段首句“听到服务员的话，门卫激动地走近我，感谢我的热饭。”可知，本段可续写“作者接受了男人的感谢并拥抱了他，通过向他人展示善意，世界会变得更美好”。
二、线索厘清
【续写线索】
外出就餐——遇到窘迫男人——了解情况——给予帮助——接受感谢
【词汇激活】
行为类
①决定：decide/determine
②完成：finish/complete
情绪类
①感激：appeciate/thank
②惊讶的：amazed/surprised
三、范文鉴赏
【高分句式】
①Both the kids looked at me curiously as we had already eaten, but Lee knew exactly what I was doing.（as引导原因状语从句；what引导宾语从句）
②He extended his hand for a handshake, which I gratefully accepted.（which引导非限制性定语从句）
【亮点词汇】
略
【高分句型】
略
【结构布局】
略
【拓展词汇】
略
【拓展句型】
略
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