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考点19 阅读之议论文（原卷版）
【命题趋势】
议论文在近几年考试中出现的不多， 但是也有。所以考生在平时的训练中也需复习。以下是近年真题和模拟试题训练，考生可以集中复习。
1.【2021年全国甲卷】
Who is a genius? This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries.
Let's state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol for genius. But we want to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself. Why is it that some people are so much more intelligent or creative than the rest of us? And who are they?
In the sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most often white men, of European origin. Perhaps this is not a surprise. It's said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different color or belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.
A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say that members of their gender(性别)are “really, really smart.” Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief: Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.” Can our planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up? It doesn't take a genius to know the answer: absolutely not.
Here's the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, we're all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear. And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors(因素)like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance(毅力), and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world.”
12. What does the author think of victors' standards for joining the genius club?
A. They're unfair. B. They're conservative.
C. They're objective. D. They're strict.
13. What can we infer about girls from the study in Science?
A. They think themselves smart.
B. They look up to great thinkers.
C. They see gender differences earlier than boys.
D. They are likely to be influenced by social beliefs
14. Why are more geniuses known to the public?
A. Improved global communication.
B. Less discrimination against women.
C. Acceptance of victors' concepts.
D. Changes in people's social positions.
15. What is the best title for the text?
A. Geniuses Think Alike B. Genius Takes Many Forms
C. Genius and Intelligence D. Genius and Luck
2.【2020年1月浙江卷】
Today’s world is not an easy adjustment for young adults. A key skill set for success is persistence (毅力), a characteristic that researchers say is heavily influenced by fathers. Researchers from Brigham Young University discovered that fathers are in a unique position to help their adolescent children learn persistence.
BYU professors Laura Padilla-Walker and Randal Day arrived at these findings after following 325 American families over several years. And over time, the persistence gained through fathers led to higher achievement in school.
“There are relatively few studies that stress the unique role of fathers,” Padilla-Walker said. “This research also helps to prove that characteristics such as persistence — which can be taught — are key to a child’s life success.”
Researchers determined that dads need to practice an “authoritative” parenting style. Authoritative parenting is not authoritarian: rigid, demanding or controlling. Rather, an authoritative parenting style includes some of the following characteristics: children feel warmth and love from their father; responsibility and the reasons behind rules are stressed; children are given an appropriate level of autonomy (自主权).
In the study, about 52 percent of the dads exhibited above-average levels of authoritative parenting. A key finding is that over time, children raised by an authoritative father were significantly more likely to develop persistence, which leads to better outcomes in school.
This particular study examined 11 to 14-year-olds living in two-parent homes. Yet the researchers suggest that single parents still may play a role in teaching the benefits of persistence, which is an avenue of future research.
27. What is special about the BYU professors’ study?
A. It centered on fathers’ role in parenting.
B. It was based on a number of large families.
C. It analyzed different kinds of parenting styles.
D. It aimed to improve kids’ achievement in school.
28. What would an authoritative father do when raising his children?
A. Ignore their demands. B. Make decisions for them.
C. Control their behaviors. D. Explain the rules to them.
29. Which group can be a focus of future studies according to the researchers?
A. Single parents. B. Children aged from 11 to 14.
C. Authoritarian fathers. D. Mothers in two-parent homes.
30. Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A. Three Characteristics of Authoritative Fathers
B. Key Skills for Young Adults to Succeed in Future
C. Children Tend to Learn Determination from Father
D. Family Relationship Influences School Performance
1. 【辽宁省鞍山市第一中学2021届高三一模】
The article What China Gets Right about Relationships by Sam Massie reminds me of the Quora question about the opinion on Chinese people. Obviously, answers from different people won’t be the same. To me, those different people fall into two groups: those with a vague picture of China, and those understanding Chinese culture very well.
It’s quite easy for the first category to reach some conclusions with prejudice:
“When was child, was taught to be watchful around Chinese people-they were the type that smiled when offended because they’ll stab you in the back in revenge (报复). They valued money over human life, and that was motive (动机) for all their activities.” -Quora User.
That provides us, if I can say so, a racist’s stereotype of Chinese people. It is sad to know many people do have an unclear idea about China-a long history, a large population, the Great Wall, Panda Express, festivals, tea, kongfu movies, cheap and bad clothes, the manufacturing power, a very large internal market, and hardworking (yes, especially high school students). All these are rather too simple and general.
By contrast, to those we call a China-hand, it is quite obvious that the word “Chinese” bears much more. In today’s ever globalized world, more and more foreign friends are increasingly attracted to Chinese culture. They learn Chinese, make Chinese friends, watch Chinese movies, and pay visits or even move to China. Understanding the differences between the east and the west, they could see through the appearance.
In many cases, the first impression of some Westerners about China is no more than rudeness but it is actually not that simple. What should be paid attention to are the in-group/out-group effects. Sam Massie is wise in saying that “rudeness to strangers is the flip side (相反面) of deep bonds with loved ones. I am overjoyed that he understands the generosity, sincerity and other good qualities of Chinese people. To me, no matter what the Westerners’ opinions are, what really matters is how we behave and the way we treat others. What’s your opinion?
12．According to the writer, the first group ________.
A．judge Chinese people one-sidedly
B．see well into Chinese culture
C．turn out to be ill-educated at school
D．draw reasonable conclusions about China
13．A China-hand will most probably agree that ________.
A．Chinese people can do anything to fight back against those who offend them
B．China is very attractive in culture with its generous and sincere people
C．China has a long history and the most hardworking students in the world
D．China is profit-driven and as a result, people are cold to strangers
14．The underlined word stereotype in the fourth paragraph probably means ________.
A．changing and reasonable idea B．a fixed and often right idea
C．a fixed and often false idea D．a changing and unfair idea
15．The writer’s attitude to Sam Massie’s book is ________.
A．approving B．objective C．critical D．indifferent
2.【2020届辽宁省沈阳市东北育才学校高中部高三第八次模拟】
The chief problem in dealing with foreign motorists is not so much remembering that they are different from you, but that they are largely variable. Cross a frontier(边境) without adjusting and you can be in deep trouble.
One of the greatest gulfs separating the driving nations is the Atlantic Ocean. Or rather, it is the mental distance between the European and the American motorist, particularly the South American motorist. Compare, for example, an English driver at a set of traffic lights with a Brazilian.
Very rarely will an Englishman try to anticipate(预先准备) the green light by moving off. You will find the occasional someone who watches for the yellow light to come up on the set of lights. However, he will not go until he receives the lawful signal. Brazilians view the thing quite differently. If, in fact, they see traffic lights, they regard them as a kind of roadside decoration.
The natives of North America are much more disciplined. They show this in their addiction to driving in one lane(车道) and sticking to it—even if it means settling behind some great truck for many miles.
To prevent other drivers from falling into wrong ways, American motorists try always to stay close behind the vehicle in front which can make it impossible to make a real lane change. European visitors are always falling into this trap. They return to the Old World still waving their arms in disappointment because while driving in the State in their cars they kept failing to get off the highway when they wanted to and were swept along to the next city.
However, one nation above all others lives cautiously by its traffic regulations — the Swiss. In Switzerland, if you were simply to anticipate a traffic light, the chances are that the motorist behind you would take your number and report you to the police. There are slight regional variations among the French, German and Italian speaking areas, but it is generally safe to assume that any car bearing a CH sticker will be driven with a high degree of discipline.
12．How do American drivers behave on the road according to the passage?
A．They run the red light sometimes.
B．They drive close behind other drivers.
C．They care little about the traffic light.
D．They start their car at the yellow light.
13．Which people take the traffic light most seriously?
A．The Swiss. B．The Brazilians.
C．The English. D．The French.
14．The passage is mainly developed by ____.
A．analyzing causes B．describing changes
C．making comparisons D．pointing out similarities
15．Which part of a newspaper is the passage probably taken from?
A．Culture. B．Business.
C．Entertainment. D．Geography.
3.【湖北省武汉市部分学校2020届高三上学期起点质量监测】
The Notre Dame fire has been put out, but its spire and a large portion of its wooden roof have been damaged. The terrible destruction causes a sudden sharp pain to people around the world. On Chinese social media network Wechat a common comment on the disaster is: "What a pity that we cannot see the damaged parts of the wonder anymore. "
But the good news is that there is at least one way of seeing them, namely via a video game called Assassin's Creed: Unity. In this game, the player can travel to one city after another and enter the buildings exactly like what they are in reality, and see Notre Dame as it was before the fire. Further, with virtual reality technology, which is already quite mature, one can even look around the undamaged Notre Dame as if it is still there. Maybe digital technology could help to better protect architectural cultural heritage.
The idea of digitizing ancient buildings, making digital models of them so their data can be saved，dates back to the 1990s and the necessary technology has continued to advance since then. By scanning the ancient buildings with lasers，building 3D models with multiple images，as well as measuring everything precisely，engineers can make a copy as accurate as the real one.
As computers and smartphones are hugely popular，the digital replica（复制品）has great use value. First，it allows tourists to feel the cultural relics without touching them，which helps protect them. The virtual tour of Dunhuang Grottoes in Gansu Province is a good example of this as tourists can view the paintings without standing near them. Furthermore，it can make the digitized cultural relics more famous by spreading awareness about them via the Internet. In 2000，a virtual tour of the Great Wall became very popular at the Hannover World Expo，which increased the number of foreign tourists visiting the site in the following years. Above all，it preserves all the information of the cultural relics. Even if the original ones are damaged one day，people can still know what they were like and can build a replica if desired.
Of course，however precise a model is，it is not the original. Time is the biggest threat to a country's architectural heritage，which will always become ruins with the passing of time. Maybe we will have better technologies in the future，but the digital technology offers a practical way to preserve architectural cultural heritage at the moment.
11. What can we see about Notre Dame in the game？（ ）
A. The damaged parts. B. Its wooden shape.
C. Its original look. D. The big fire.
12. What will engineers do to create a digital replica of the ancient buildings？（ ）
A. Improve the technology needed. B. Scan the photos of the buildings
C. Build 3D models of full size. D. Measure all the parts exactly.
13. What value does a digital replica have？（ ）
A. It keeps the relics safe. B. It helps to guard the relics.
C. It gathers data of the relics. D. It advertises the history of the relics.
14. How does the author prove the digital copy has vital practical importance？（ ）
A. By comparison. B. By giving examples. C. By classification D. By listing data.
15. What is the authors attitude towards the application of digital technology？（ ）
A. Doubtful. B. Delighted. C. Supportive. D. Conservative.
4.【四川省宜宾市2018-2020学年高三上学期第一次诊断】
Being stuck behind crowds of slow walkers when you’re in a hurry is one of the most annoying things. But now, Lakeside Shopping Centre in Essex, one of the UK’s largest shopping malls, has introduced its very own fast lane(通道) for shoppers in a hurry, aiming to help impatient shoppers avoid slow walkers and the anger that goes with them.
The Lakeside Shopping Center in Essex has introduced a 720-foot “fast lane” reserved for fast walkers only, just in time for the Christmas rush. The center’s management team said: “the lane will help the shoppers who know where they want to go quickly and don’t want to get caught in behind unhurried shoppers at the busiest time of the year.”
The fast lane was introduced after a MasterCard survey found that 80 percent of consumers found slow walkers their biggest annoyance while shopping. The research also found that the average walking speed slowed down by 21 percent during the Christmas shopping period, as most shoppers spent more time window shopping during this period.
Gary Mortimer, an expert from the Queensland University of Technology, said he wasn’t surprised by the promotion about the launch of the fast lane, and thought the concept would appeal to shoppers all over the world. “Crowded parking lots and busy shopping centers tend to be two of the biggest complaints of shoppers over the festive season,” he said. “I think the fast lanes are a new approach. However, I suspect it will be a bit like fast lanes on the highway, so it might end up being more trouble than its worth.”
The MasterCard survey also identified the four most common types of shoppers. They include “Skaters”－the 31 percent of shoppers who try and make their way through crowds politely, “Dodgers”－the 51 percent of customers who move down the paths to avoid slow walkers, “Bulldozers”－the 11 percent who push their way through crowds, and “Tutters”－the l5 percent who express their frustrations to slow walkers.
28.The fast lane is intended for the shoppers who .
A. can’t move quickly because of physical disabilities
B. buy things on their shopping lists quickly
C. take their time to do window shopping
D. want to leave the mall quickly
29.What is Gary Mortimer’s attitude to the fast lane?
A. Supportive. B. Indifferent. C. Critical. D. Objective.
30.Who patiently moves behind a slow crowd?
A. Skaters. B. Dodgers. C. Bulldozers. D. Tutters.
31.What is the main idea of this passage?
A. Shopping can be annoying sometimes.
B. How to avoid “slow walkers” when shopping.
C. The problems that shopping centers face during busy holidays.
D. The shopping mall creates the fast lane to avoid “slow walkers”.
5.【黑龙江省哈尔滨市第三中学校2020届高三上学期第一次验收】
We talk continuously about how to make children tougher and stronger, but whatever we’re doing, it’s not working. Rates of anxiety disorders and depression are rising rapidly among teenagers. What are we doing wrong?
Nassim Taleb invented the word “antifragile” and used it to describe a small but very important class of systems that gain from shocks, challenges, and disorder. The immune (免疫的) system is one of them: it requires exposure to certain kinds of bacteria and potential allergens (过敏原) in childhood in order to develop to its full ability.
Children’s social and emotional abilities are as antifragile as their immune systems. If we overprotect kids and keep them “safe” from unpleasant social situations and negative emotions, we deprive (剥夺) them of the challenges and opportunities for skill-building they need to grow strong. Such children are likely to suffer more when exposed later to other unpleasant but ordinary life events, such as teasing and social rejection.
It’s not the kids’ fault. In the UK, as in the US, parents became much more fearful in the 1980s and 1990s as cable TV and later the Internet exposed everyone, more and more, to those rare occurrences of crimes and accidents that now occur less and less. Outdoor play and independent mobility went down; screen time and adult-monitored activities went up.
Yet free play in which kids work out their own rules of engagement, take small risks, and learn to master small dangers turns out to be vital for the development of adult social and even physical competence. Depriving them of free play prevents their social-emotional growth. Norwegian play researchers Ellen Sandseter and Leif Kennair warned: “We may observe an increased anxiety or mental disorders in society if children are forbidden from participating in age-adequate risky play.”
They wrote those words in 2011. Over the following few years, their prediction came true. Kids born after 1994 are suffering from much higher rates of anxiety disorders and depression than did the previous generation. Besides, there is also a rise in the rate at which teenage girls are admitted to hospital for deliberately harming themselves.
What can we do to change these trends? How can we raise kids strong enough to handle the ordinary and extraordinary challenges of life? We can’t guarantee that giving primary school children more independence today will bring down the rate of teenage suicide tomorrow. The links between childhood overprotection and teenage mental illness are suggestive but not clear-cut. Yet there are good reasons to suspect that by depriving our naturally antifragile kids of the wide range of experiences they need to become strong, we are systematically preventing their growth. We should let go—and let them grow.
32. Why does the author mention the immune system in Paragraph 2?
A. To stress its importance. B. To help understand a new word.
C. To question the latest discovery. D. To analyze the cause of anxiety.
33. Parents overprotect children because ______.
A. children are not independent enough
B. they want to keep children from being teased
C. parent-monitored activities are a must
D. they are concerned about their children’s safety
34. According to the author, free play can ______.
A. reduce children’s risky behavior B. strengthen children’s friendship
C. promote children’s toughness D. develop children’s leadership skills
35. Which of the following does the author probably agree with?
A. Stop trying to perfect your child.
B. It takes great courage to raise children.
C. While we try to teach our children all about life, our children teach us what life is all about.
D. Prepare the child for the road, not the road for the child.
6.【浙江省名校新高考研究联盟(Z20联盟)2020届高三上学期第一次联考】
Roughly the size of a soda can, sitting on a bookshelf, a relatively harmless device(设备) may be turning friends away from your home. The elephant in your living room is your Internet-connected camera, a device people are increasingly using for peace of mind in their homes. But few stop to think about the effect these devices may have on house guests. Should you tell your friends, for instance, that they’re being recorded while you all watch the big game together?
"It’s certainly new territory, especially as home security cameras become easier to fix," says Lizzie Post, president of the Emily Post Institute, America’s distinguished manners advisors. " I think it will be very interesting to see what manners appear in terms of whether you tell people you have a camera or not, and whether guests have a right to ask that it be turned off, if it’s not a security issue. "Post wants to make clear that she’s not talking about legal rights, but rather personal preference.
When it comes to security cameras, Post says it’s a host’s responsibility to make sure guests feel comfortable within their home. If the host casually acknowledges that there is a camera in the room by telling a story about it, that may be enough to provide an opening for a guest to say if they are uncomfortable.
However, if a contractor(合约工)is working in your home, you don’t need to tell them that there are cameras watching. Then again, the camera can also work in contractors’ favor. "If anything does go wrong while they’re in the house, they don’t want to be blamed for it," she says. "In fact, the camera could be the thing that proves that they didn’t steal the $20, or knock the vase off the table.
27. The visitors arc concerned that the security camera may .
A. threaten their health B. spoil their peace of mind
C. disturb their privacy D. affect their preference
28. What is a host’s responsibility concerning the security camera?
A. Indicating its position. B. Making their guests feel at case
C. Turning it oil in time. D. Having a casual talk with guests.
29. How can the hone security camera benefit contractors working in your home?
A. It can prevent the accidents happening. B. It can prove their innocence.
C. It can record their working progress. D. It can make their work more enjoyable.
30. What’s the author’s attitude towards the security camera?
A. Negative. B. Pessimistic. C. Favorable. D. Objective.
7.【黑龙江省鹤岗市第一中学2020届高三上学期8月开学考试】
Whenever we're introduced to strangers, we make snap decisions about them according to our first impressions. Are they attractive Or how much do they earn?
For most Brits, simply asking someone how much they're worth' financially is considered very impolite. Thankfully, most people are kind enough to drop several hints (暗示)about their relative wealth or successful careers They always post on social media about flying to a meeting for work. They're always wearing clothes with labels big enough to silently scream about how rich they are and how well they're doing.
It's a worrying trend, and I'm not immune to it. I've felt the warm happiness of knowing I earned more than somebody, and the baseless grey irritation of knowing that I earn less than another. I've checked into places while I know full well that anybody reading it will get jealous.
It seems as though self-worth is increasingly being tied to the careers we choose and the money we earn. A study in 2013, for example found that nearly 17% of unemployed Americans were depressed compared to almost 6% of those who had a permanent job.
We need to stop placing so much value on what a person earns. Don't get me wrong-being ambitious is not a fault, and achievements should always be celebrated. But when a person uses their success to judge you negatively it becomes a problem
If you want to know what you're really worth, here's a tip: It doesn't have anything to do with your bank account. It's about how many times you've been there for your friends. It's how many times you've been kind to a stranger It's every time you did something unselfish, or told your partner you loved him/her, or treated someone with respect no matter where they were in their own life.
28.What can we learn from the second paragraph?
A. Most Brits are polite.
B. Most Brits love asking others about wealth.
C. Most Brits like to show off their wealth and career.
D. Most Brits have lots of wealth and successful careers
29. What does the underlined word “immune” mean?
A. Exposed. B. Accustomed. C. Addicted D. Unaffected.
30. What does the example of the study in 2013 show?
A. People think self-value isn't tied to wealth and career.
B. People tend to think wealth and career reflect self-value
C. People tend to feel depressed because of their unemployment.
D. People get to stop placing so much value on wealth and career.
31. What is the author's purpose in writing the text?
A. To convince us what self-value lies in.
B. To explain why we show off our wealth.
C. To tell us how we deal with our wealth and career.
D. To help us how we choose the careers and earn more money.
8.【广东省惠州市2019-2020学年高三上学期第一次调研】
Being "young is associated with all the good things in life - beauty, hope, and energy. But youth also has negative associations - impulsiveness, trouble -making, and irresponsibility. This negative side seems to be what society focuses on more, which is why young people have mostly been considered as idle and difficult.
But when it comes to Generation Z - those born between 1996 and 2010 - this stereotype doesn't seem to apply anymore
In Japan, for example, Gen Z-ers are less likely to buy on impulse, but take into consideration more a product's true value. They' re looking at the companies, not just the products," Masahiko Uotani, CEO of Japanese cosmetics company Shiseido, told Bloomberg. They're asking, 'Are they really delivering value to the society? Are they promoting diversity and inclusion?"
Gen Z-ers are also more grounded than we' ve expected them to be. According to a recent survey by Bank of America, more than half of young adults aged between 18 and 23 said they were planning to buy a house within five years. And they' re not just saying it - they are willing to make sacrifices for it, including getting a second job and saving money for down payment instead of spending it on a vacation.
"Despite their young age, this group is pragmatic and actively planning for their future," D.Steve Boland, head of Consumer Lending at Bank of America, told USA Today. "They have a clear vision how they are willing to help themselves in order to make it happen.
Social issues are also at the center of concern of Gen Z-ers, who take themselves as a changing force of the world. In India, for example, young people who have just reached the voting age are eager to vote for a new leader who is capable of solving problems that matter the most to them, including pollution, unemployment and women' s safety.
As a Gen-Zer yourself, what is your plan for the future?
8. What do the underlined words this stereotype" in paragraph2 refer to ?
A. Being young is good.
B. Gen Z-ers are born after 1996.
C. The traditional poor impressions on the youth.
D. The associations with young people.
9. We can infer from the third paragraph that______________.
A. Gen Z-ers in Japan are picky
B. The Gen Z-ers are self-centered
C. The Gen Z-ers care little about products
D. The Gen Z-ers are wise when shopping
10. What's Steve Boland's attitude to the Gen Z-ers ?
A. Approving. B. Negative.
C. Indifferent. D. Critical.
11. Which of the following words may best describe the Gen Z-era?
A. Confident and independent. B. Visionary and responsible.
C. Persistent and down-to-earth. D. Active and creative.
9.【河北省唐山市第一中学2019-2020学年高三10月调研】
Some people think that success is only for those with talent or those who grow up in the right family, and others believe that success mostly comes down to luck. I’m not going to say luck, talent, and circumstances don’t come into play because they do. Some people are born into the right family while others are born with great intelligence, and that’s just the reality of how life is.
However, to succeed in life, one first needs to set a goal and then gradually make it more practical. And, in addition to that, in order to get really good at something, one needs to spend at least 10,000 hours studying and practicing. To become great at certain things, it’ll require even more time, time that most people won’t put in.
This is a big reason why many successful people advise you to do something you love. If you don’t enjoy what you do, it is going to feel like unbearable pain and will likely make you quit well before you ever become good at it.
When you see people exhibiting some great skills or having achieved great success, you know that they have put in a huge part of their life to get there at a huge cost. It’s sometimes easy to think they got lucky or they were born with some rare talent, but thinking that way does you no good, and there’s a huge chance that you’re wrong anyway.
Whatever you do, if you want to become great at it, you need to work day in and day out, almost to the point of addiction, and over a long period of time. If you’re not willing to put in the time and work, don’t expect to receive any rewards. Consistent, toil (苦干) won’t guarantee you the level of success you may want, but it will guarantee that you will become really good at whatever it is you put all that work into.
32 Paragraph 1 mainly talks about ________.
A. the reasons for success B. the meaning of success
C. the standards of success D. the importance of success
33. Successful people suggest doing what one loves because ________.
A. work makes one feel pain B. one tends to enjoy his work
C. one gives up his work easily D. it takes a lot of time to succeed
34. What can we infer from Paragraph 4?
A. Successful people like to show their great skills.
B. People need to achieve success at the cost of life.
C. People sometimes succeed without luck or talent.
D. It helps to think that luck or talent leads to success.
35. What could be the best title for the text?
A. Success ― the child of talent and luck
B. Success ― altitude rather than attitude
C. Time and tide wait for no man
D. Time and toil make for success
10.【湖北省鄂州市颚南高中2019-2020学年高三10月联考】
Janus, the Roman god, has two faces looking in opposite directions. So does artificial intelligence (AI). On one side are the positive changes, enabling people to achieve more, far more quickly, by using technology to improve their existing skills. Look the other way, though, and there are plenty of potential pitfalls.
Like Janus, technological change may also cause disruption(混乱), but AI is likely to have a bigger impact than anything since the appearance of computers, and its consequences could be far more disruptive.
In the years ahead, AI will raise three big questions for bosses and governments. One is the effect on jobs. Although CEOs publicly praise the broad benefits AI will bring, their main interest lies in cutting costs. One European bank asked Infosys to find a way of reducing the staff in its operations department from 50,000 to 500. The McKinsey Global Institute estimates that by 2030 up to 375m people, or 14% of the global workforce, could have their jobs replaced by AI.
A second important question is how to protect privacy as AI spreads. The internet has already made it possible to track people’s digital behavior in minute detail. AI will offer even better tools for businesses to monitor consumers and employees, both online and in the physical world. Consumers are sometimes happy to go along with this if it results in personalised service or promotions. But AI is bound to bring invasion of privacy that is seen as unacceptable. For example, law-enforcement officials around the world will use AI to spot criminals, but may also monitor ordinary citizens.
The third question is about the effect of AI on competition in business. A technology company that achieves a major breakthrough in artificial intelligence could race ahead of rivals, put others out of business and lessen competition. This is unlikely to happen in the near future, but if it did it would be of great concern.
It is too early to tell whether the positive changes brought by AI will outweigh the risk. But it will put an end to traditional ways of doing things and start a new era for business and for the world at large.
32. Janus is mentioned to .
A. introduce the topic B. praise the Roman god
C. tell its difference D. support AI
33. The underlined word “pitfalls” in paragraph 1 is probably means .
A. consequences B. risks C. effects D. benefits
34. What’s the main idea of the passage?
A. AI is a double-edged sword.
B. People show great concern about AI.
C. privacy is threatened by AI.
D. AI will enjoy a bright future.
35. What’s the author’s attitude towards AI?
A. Objective. B. Positive. C. Worried. D. Subjective.
考点19 阅读之议论文（原卷版）
【命题趋势】
议论文在近几年考试中出现的不多， 但是也有。所以考生在平时的训练中也需复习。以下是近年真题和模拟试题训练，考生可以集中复习。
1.【2021年全国甲卷】
Who is a genius? This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries.
Let's state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol for genius. But we want to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself. Why is it that some people are so much more intelligent or creative than the rest of us? And who are they?
In the sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most often white men, of European origin. Perhaps this is not a surprise. It's said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different color or belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.
A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say that members of their gender(性别)are “really, really smart.” Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief: Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.” Can our planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up? It doesn't take a genius to know the answer: absolutely not.
Here's the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, we're all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear. And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors(因素)like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance(毅力), and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world.”
12. What does the author think of victors' standards for joining the genius club?
A. They're unfair. B. They're conservative.
C. They're objective. D. They're strict.
13. What can we infer about girls from the study in Science?
A. They think themselves smart.
B. They look up to great thinkers.
C. They see gender differences earlier than boys.
D. They are likely to be influenced by social beliefs
14. Why are more geniuses known to the public?
A. Improved global communication.
B. Less discrimination against women.
C. Acceptance of victors' concepts.
D. Changes in people's social positions.
15. What is the best title for the text?
A. Geniuses Think Alike B. Genius Takes Many Forms
C. Genius and Intelligence D. Genius and Luck
2.【2020年1月浙江卷】
Today’s world is not an easy adjustment for young adults. A key skill set for success is persistence (毅力), a characteristic that researchers say is heavily influenced by fathers. Researchers from Brigham Young University discovered that fathers are in a unique position to help their adolescent children learn persistence.
BYU professors Laura Padilla-Walker and Randal Day arrived at these findings after following 325 American families over several years. And over time, the persistence gained through fathers led to higher achievement in school.
“There are relatively few studies that stress the unique role of fathers,” Padilla-Walker said. “This research also helps to prove that characteristics such as persistence — which can be taught — are key to a child’s life success.”
Researchers determined that dads need to practice an “authoritative” parenting style. Authoritative parenting is not authoritarian: rigid, demanding or controlling. Rather, an authoritative parenting style includes some of the following characteristics: children feel warmth and love from their father; responsibility and the reasons behind rules are stressed; children are given an appropriate level of autonomy (自主权).
In the study, about 52 percent of the dads exhibited above-average levels of authoritative parenting. A key finding is that over time, children raised by an authoritative father were significantly more likely to develop persistence, which leads to better outcomes in school.
This particular study examined 11 to 14-year-olds living in two-parent homes. Yet the researchers suggest that single parents still may play a role in teaching the benefits of persistence, which is an avenue of future research.
27. What is special about the BYU professors’ study?
A. It centered on fathers’ role in parenting.
B. It was based on a number of large families.
C. It analyzed different kinds of parenting styles.
D. It aimed to improve kids’ achievement in school.
28. What would an authoritative father do when raising his children?
A. Ignore their demands. B. Make decisions for them.
C. Control their behaviors. D. Explain the rules to them.
29. Which group can be a focus of future studies according to the researchers?
A. Single parents. B. Children aged from 11 to 14.
C. Authoritarian fathers. D. Mothers in two-parent homes.
30. Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A. Three Characteristics of Authoritative Fathers
B. Key Skills for Young Adults to Succeed in Future
C. Children Tend to Learn Determination from Father
D. Family Relationship Influences School Performance
1. 【辽宁省鞍山市第一中学2021届高三一模】
The article What China Gets Right about Relationships by Sam Massie reminds me of the Quora question about the opinion on Chinese people. Obviously, answers from different people won’t be the same. To me, those different people fall into two groups: those with a vague picture of China, and those understanding Chinese culture very well.
It’s quite easy for the first category to reach some conclusions with prejudice:
“When was child, was taught to be watchful around Chinese people-they were the type that smiled when offended because they’ll stab you in the back in revenge (报复). They valued money over human life, and that was motive (动机) for all their activities.” -Quora User.
That provides us, if I can say so, a racist’s stereotype of Chinese people. It is sad to know many people do have an unclear idea about China-a long history, a large population, the Great Wall, Panda Express, festivals, tea, kongfu movies, cheap and bad clothes, the manufacturing power, a very large internal market, and hardworking (yes, especially high school students). All these are rather too simple and general.
By contrast, to those we call a China-hand, it is quite obvious that the word “Chinese” bears much more. In today’s ever globalized world, more and more foreign friends are increasingly attracted to Chinese culture. They learn Chinese, make Chinese friends, watch Chinese movies, and pay visits or even move to China. Understanding the differences between the east and the west, they could see through the appearance.
In many cases, the first impression of some Westerners about China is no more than rudeness but it is actually not that simple. What should be paid attention to are the in-group/out-group effects. Sam Massie is wise in saying that “rudeness to strangers is the flip side (相反面) of deep bonds with loved ones. I am overjoyed that he understands the generosity, sincerity and other good qualities of Chinese people. To me, no matter what the Westerners’ opinions are, what really matters is how we behave and the way we treat others. What’s your opinion?
12．According to the writer, the first group ________.
A．judge Chinese people one-sidedly
B．see well into Chinese culture
C．turn out to be ill-educated at school
D．draw reasonable conclusions about China
13．A China-hand will most probably agree that ________.
A．Chinese people can do anything to fight back against those who offend them
B．China is very attractive in culture with its generous and sincere people
C．China has a long history and the most hardworking students in the world
D．China is profit-driven and as a result, people are cold to strangers
14．The underlined word stereotype in the fourth paragraph probably means ________.
A．changing and reasonable idea B．a fixed and often right idea
C．a fixed and often false idea D．a changing and unfair idea
15．The writer’s attitude to Sam Massie’s book is ________.
A．approving B．objective C．critical D．indifferent
2.【2020届辽宁省沈阳市东北育才学校高中部高三第八次模拟】
The chief problem in dealing with foreign motorists is not so much remembering that they are different from you, but that they are largely variable. Cross a frontier(边境) without adjusting and you can be in deep trouble.
One of the greatest gulfs separating the driving nations is the Atlantic Ocean. Or rather, it is the mental distance between the European and the American motorist, particularly the South American motorist. Compare, for example, an English driver at a set of traffic lights with a Brazilian.
Very rarely will an Englishman try to anticipate(预先准备) the green light by moving off. You will find the occasional someone who watches for the yellow light to come up on the set of lights. However, he will not go until he receives the lawful signal. Brazilians view the thing quite differently. If, in fact, they see traffic lights, they regard them as a kind of roadside decoration.
The natives of North America are much more disciplined. They show this in their addiction to driving in one lane(车道) and sticking to it—even if it means settling behind some great truck for many miles.
To prevent other drivers from falling into wrong ways, American motorists try always to stay close behind the vehicle in front which can make it impossible to make a real lane change. European visitors are always falling into this trap. They return to the Old World still waving their arms in disappointment because while driving in the State in their cars they kept failing to get off the highway when they wanted to and were swept along to the next city.
However, one nation above all others lives cautiously by its traffic regulations — the Swiss. In Switzerland, if you were simply to anticipate a traffic light, the chances are that the motorist behind you would take your number and report you to the police. There are slight regional variations among the French, German and Italian speaking areas, but it is generally safe to assume that any car bearing a CH sticker will be driven with a high degree of discipline.
12．How do American drivers behave on the road according to the passage?
A．They run the red light sometimes.
B．They drive close behind other drivers.
C．They care little about the traffic light.
D．They start their car at the yellow light.
13．Which people take the traffic light most seriously?
A．The Swiss. B．The Brazilians.
C．The English. D．The French.
14．The passage is mainly developed by ____.
A．analyzing causes B．describing changes
C．making comparisons D．pointing out similarities
15．Which part of a newspaper is the passage probably taken from?
A．Culture. B．Business.
C．Entertainment. D．Geography.
3.【湖北省武汉市部分学校2020届高三上学期起点质量监测】
The Notre Dame fire has been put out, but its spire and a large portion of its wooden roof have been damaged. The terrible destruction causes a sudden sharp pain to people around the world. On Chinese social media network Wechat a common comment on the disaster is: "What a pity that we cannot see the damaged parts of the wonder anymore. "
But the good news is that there is at least one way of seeing them, namely via a video game called Assassin's Creed: Unity. In this game, the player can travel to one city after another and enter the buildings exactly like what they are in reality, and see Notre Dame as it was before the fire. Further, with virtual reality technology, which is already quite mature, one can even look around the undamaged Notre Dame as if it is still there. Maybe digital technology could help to better protect architectural cultural heritage.
The idea of digitizing ancient buildings, making digital models of them so their data can be saved，dates back to the 1990s and the necessary technology has continued to advance since then. By scanning the ancient buildings with lasers，building 3D models with multiple images，as well as measuring everything precisely，engineers can make a copy as accurate as the real one.
As computers and smartphones are hugely popular，the digital replica（复制品）has great use value. First，it allows tourists to feel the cultural relics without touching them，which helps protect them. The virtual tour of Dunhuang Grottoes in Gansu Province is a good example of this as tourists can view the paintings without standing near them. Furthermore，it can make the digitized cultural relics more famous by spreading awareness about them via the Internet. In 2000，a virtual tour of the Great Wall became very popular at the Hannover World Expo，which increased the number of foreign tourists visiting the site in the following years. Above all，it preserves all the information of the cultural relics. Even if the original ones are damaged one day，people can still know what they were like and can build a replica if desired.
Of course，however precise a model is，it is not the original. Time is the biggest threat to a country's architectural heritage，which will always become ruins with the passing of time. Maybe we will have better technologies in the future，but the digital technology offers a practical way to preserve architectural cultural heritage at the moment.
11. What can we see about Notre Dame in the game？（ ）
A. The damaged parts. B. Its wooden shape.
C. Its original look. D. The big fire.
12. What will engineers do to create a digital replica of the ancient buildings？（ ）
A. Improve the technology needed. B. Scan the photos of the buildings
C. Build 3D models of full size. D. Measure all the parts exactly.
13. What value does a digital replica have？（ ）
A. It keeps the relics safe. B. It helps to guard the relics.
C. It gathers data of the relics. D. It advertises the history of the relics.
14. How does the author prove the digital copy has vital practical importance？（ ）
A. By comparison. B. By giving examples. C. By classification D. By listing data.
15. What is the authors attitude towards the application of digital technology？（ ）
A. Doubtful. B. Delighted. C. Supportive. D. Conservative.
4.【四川省宜宾市2018-2020学年高三上学期第一次诊断】
Being stuck behind crowds of slow walkers when you’re in a hurry is one of the most annoying things. But now, Lakeside Shopping Centre in Essex, one of the UK’s largest shopping malls, has introduced its very own fast lane(通道) for shoppers in a hurry, aiming to help impatient shoppers avoid slow walkers and the anger that goes with them.
The Lakeside Shopping Center in Essex has introduced a 720-foot “fast lane” reserved for fast walkers only, just in time for the Christmas rush. The center’s management team said: “the lane will help the shoppers who know where they want to go quickly and don’t want to get caught in behind unhurried shoppers at the busiest time of the year.”
The fast lane was introduced after a MasterCard survey found that 80 percent of consumers found slow walkers their biggest annoyance while shopping. The research also found that the average walking speed slowed down by 21 percent during the Christmas shopping period, as most shoppers spent more time window shopping during this period.
Gary Mortimer, an expert from the Queensland University of Technology, said he wasn’t surprised by the promotion about the launch of the fast lane, and thought the concept would appeal to shoppers all over the world. “Crowded parking lots and busy shopping centers tend to be two of the biggest complaints of shoppers over the festive season,” he said. “I think the fast lanes are a new approach. However, I suspect it will be a bit like fast lanes on the highway, so it might end up being more trouble than its worth.”
The MasterCard survey also identified the four most common types of shoppers. They include “Skaters”－the 31 percent of shoppers who try and make their way through crowds politely, “Dodgers”－the 51 percent of customers who move down the paths to avoid slow walkers, “Bulldozers”－the 11 percent who push their way through crowds, and “Tutters”－the l5 percent who express their frustrations to slow walkers.
28.The fast lane is intended for the shoppers who .
A. can’t move quickly because of physical disabilities
B. buy things on their shopping lists quickly
C. take their time to do window shopping
D. want to leave the mall quickly
29.What is Gary Mortimer’s attitude to the fast lane?
A. Supportive. B. Indifferent. C. Critical. D. Objective.
30.Who patiently moves behind a slow crowd?
A. Skaters. B. Dodgers. C. Bulldozers. D. Tutters.
31.What is the main idea of this passage?
A. Shopping can be annoying sometimes.
B. How to avoid “slow walkers” when shopping.
C. The problems that shopping centers face during busy holidays.
D. The shopping mall creates the fast lane to avoid “slow walkers”.
5.【黑龙江省哈尔滨市第三中学校2020届高三上学期第一次验收】
We talk continuously about how to make children tougher and stronger, but whatever we’re doing, it’s not working. Rates of anxiety disorders and depression are rising rapidly among teenagers. What are we doing wrong?
Nassim Taleb invented the word “antifragile” and used it to describe a small but very important class of systems that gain from shocks, challenges, and disorder. The immune (免疫的) system is one of them: it requires exposure to certain kinds of bacteria and potential allergens (过敏原) in childhood in order to develop to its full ability.
Children’s social and emotional abilities are as antifragile as their immune systems. If we overprotect kids and keep them “safe” from unpleasant social situations and negative emotions, we deprive (剥夺) them of the challenges and opportunities for skill-building they need to grow strong. Such children are likely to suffer more when exposed later to other unpleasant but ordinary life events, such as teasing and social rejection.
It’s not the kids’ fault. In the UK, as in the US, parents became much more fearful in the 1980s and 1990s as cable TV and later the Internet exposed everyone, more and more, to those rare occurrences of crimes and accidents that now occur less and less. Outdoor play and independent mobility went down; screen time and adult-monitored activities went up.
Yet free play in which kids work out their own rules of engagement, take small risks, and learn to master small dangers turns out to be vital for the development of adult social and even physical competence. Depriving them of free play prevents their social-emotional growth. Norwegian play researchers Ellen Sandseter and Leif Kennair warned: “We may observe an increased anxiety or mental disorders in society if children are forbidden from participating in age-adequate risky play.”
They wrote those words in 2011. Over the following few years, their prediction came true. Kids born after 1994 are suffering from much higher rates of anxiety disorders and depression than did the previous generation. Besides, there is also a rise in the rate at which teenage girls are admitted to hospital for deliberately harming themselves.
What can we do to change these trends? How can we raise kids strong enough to handle the ordinary and extraordinary challenges of life? We can’t guarantee that giving primary school children more independence today will bring down the rate of teenage suicide tomorrow. The links between childhood overprotection and teenage mental illness are suggestive but not clear-cut. Yet there are good reasons to suspect that by depriving our naturally antifragile kids of the wide range of experiences they need to become strong, we are systematically preventing their growth. We should let go—and let them grow.
32. Why does the author mention the immune system in Paragraph 2?
A. To stress its importance. B. To help understand a new word.
C. To question the latest discovery. D. To analyze the cause of anxiety.
33. Parents overprotect children because ______.
A. children are not independent enough
B. they want to keep children from being teased
C. parent-monitored activities are a must
D. they are concerned about their children’s safety
34. According to the author, free play can ______.
A. reduce children’s risky behavior B. strengthen children’s friendship
C. promote children’s toughness D. develop children’s leadership skills
35. Which of the following does the author probably agree with?
A. Stop trying to perfect your child.
B. It takes great courage to raise children.
C. While we try to teach our children all about life, our children teach us what life is all about.
D. Prepare the child for the road, not the road for the child.
6.【浙江省名校新高考研究联盟(Z20联盟)2020届高三上学期第一次联考】
Roughly the size of a soda can, sitting on a bookshelf, a relatively harmless device(设备) may be turning friends away from your home. The elephant in your living room is your Internet-connected camera, a device people are increasingly using for peace of mind in their homes. But few stop to think about the effect these devices may have on house guests. Should you tell your friends, for instance, that they’re being recorded while you all watch the big game together?
"It’s certainly new territory, especially as home security cameras become easier to fix," says Lizzie Post, president of the Emily Post Institute, America’s distinguished manners advisors. " I think it will be very interesting to see what manners appear in terms of whether you tell people you have a camera or not, and whether guests have a right to ask that it be turned off, if it’s not a security issue. "Post wants to make clear that she’s not talking about legal rights, but rather personal preference.
When it comes to security cameras, Post says it’s a host’s responsibility to make sure guests feel comfortable within their home. If the host casually acknowledges that there is a camera in the room by telling a story about it, that may be enough to provide an opening for a guest to say if they are uncomfortable.
However, if a contractor(合约工)is working in your home, you don’t need to tell them that there are cameras watching. Then again, the camera can also work in contractors’ favor. "If anything does go wrong while they’re in the house, they don’t want to be blamed for it," she says. "In fact, the camera could be the thing that proves that they didn’t steal the $20, or knock the vase off the table.
27. The visitors arc concerned that the security camera may .
A. threaten their health B. spoil their peace of mind
C. disturb their privacy D. affect their preference
28. What is a host’s responsibility concerning the security camera?
A. Indicating its position. B. Making their guests feel at case
C. Turning it oil in time. D. Having a casual talk with guests.
29. How can the hone security camera benefit contractors working in your home?
A. It can prevent the accidents happening. B. It can prove their innocence.
C. It can record their working progress. D. It can make their work more enjoyable.
30. What’s the author’s attitude towards the security camera?
A. Negative. B. Pessimistic. C. Favorable. D. Objective.
7.【黑龙江省鹤岗市第一中学2020届高三上学期8月开学考试】
Whenever we're introduced to strangers, we make snap decisions about them according to our first impressions. Are they attractive Or how much do they earn?
For most Brits, simply asking someone how much they're worth' financially is considered very impolite. Thankfully, most people are kind enough to drop several hints (暗示)about their relative wealth or successful careers They always post on social media about flying to a meeting for work. They're always wearing clothes with labels big enough to silently scream about how rich they are and how well they're doing.
It's a worrying trend, and I'm not immune to it. I've felt the warm happiness of knowing I earned more than somebody, and the baseless grey irritation of knowing that I earn less than another. I've checked into places while I know full well that anybody reading it will get jealous.
It seems as though self-worth is increasingly being tied to the careers we choose and the money we earn. A study in 2013, for example found that nearly 17% of unemployed Americans were depressed compared to almost 6% of those who had a permanent job.
We need to stop placing so much value on what a person earns. Don't get me wrong-being ambitious is not a fault, and achievements should always be celebrated. But when a person uses their success to judge you negatively it becomes a problem
If you want to know what you're really worth, here's a tip: It doesn't have anything to do with your bank account. It's about how many times you've been there for your friends. It's how many times you've been kind to a stranger It's every time you did something unselfish, or told your partner you loved him/her, or treated someone with respect no matter where they were in their own life.
28.What can we learn from the second paragraph?
A. Most Brits are polite.
B. Most Brits love asking others about wealth.
C. Most Brits like to show off their wealth and career.
D. Most Brits have lots of wealth and successful careers
29. What does the underlined word “immune” mean?
A. Exposed. B. Accustomed. C. Addicted D. Unaffected.
30. What does the example of the study in 2013 show?
A. People think self-value isn't tied to wealth and career.
B. People tend to think wealth and career reflect self-value
C. People tend to feel depressed because of their unemployment.
D. People get to stop placing so much value on wealth and career.
31. What is the author's purpose in writing the text?
A. To convince us what self-value lies in.
B. To explain why we show off our wealth.
C. To tell us how we deal with our wealth and career.
D. To help us how we choose the careers and earn more money.
8.【广东省惠州市2019-2020学年高三上学期第一次调研】
Being "young is associated with all the good things in life - beauty, hope, and energy. But youth also has negative associations - impulsiveness, trouble -making, and irresponsibility. This negative side seems to be what society focuses on more, which is why young people have mostly been considered as idle and difficult.
But when it comes to Generation Z - those born between 1996 and 2010 - this stereotype doesn't seem to apply anymore
In Japan, for example, Gen Z-ers are less likely to buy on impulse, but take into consideration more a product's true value. They' re looking at the companies, not just the products," Masahiko Uotani, CEO of Japanese cosmetics company Shiseido, told Bloomberg. They're asking, 'Are they really delivering value to the society? Are they promoting diversity and inclusion?"
Gen Z-ers are also more grounded than we' ve expected them to be. According to a recent survey by Bank of America, more than half of young adults aged between 18 and 23 said they were planning to buy a house within five years. And they' re not just saying it - they are willing to make sacrifices for it, including getting a second job and saving money for down payment instead of spending it on a vacation.
"Despite their young age, this group is pragmatic and actively planning for their future," D.Steve Boland, head of Consumer Lending at Bank of America, told USA Today. "They have a clear vision how they are willing to help themselves in order to make it happen.
Social issues are also at the center of concern of Gen Z-ers, who take themselves as a changing force of the world. In India, for example, young people who have just reached the voting age are eager to vote for a new leader who is capable of solving problems that matter the most to them, including pollution, unemployment and women' s safety.
As a Gen-Zer yourself, what is your plan for the future?
8. What do the underlined words this stereotype" in paragraph2 refer to ?
A. Being young is good.
B. Gen Z-ers are born after 1996.
C. The traditional poor impressions on the youth.
D. The associations with young people.
9. We can infer from the third paragraph that______________.
A. Gen Z-ers in Japan are picky
B. The Gen Z-ers are self-centered
C. The Gen Z-ers care little about products
D. The Gen Z-ers are wise when shopping
10. What's Steve Boland's attitude to the Gen Z-ers ?
A. Approving. B. Negative.
C. Indifferent. D. Critical.
11. Which of the following words may best describe the Gen Z-era?
A. Confident and independent. B. Visionary and responsible.
C. Persistent and down-to-earth. D. Active and creative.
9.【河北省唐山市第一中学2019-2020学年高三10月调研】
Some people think that success is only for those with talent or those who grow up in the right family, and others believe that success mostly comes down to luck. I’m not going to say luck, talent, and circumstances don’t come into play because they do. Some people are born into the right family while others are born with great intelligence, and that’s just the reality of how life is.
However, to succeed in life, one first needs to set a goal and then gradually make it more practical. And, in addition to that, in order to get really good at something, one needs to spend at least 10,000 hours studying and practicing. To become great at certain things, it’ll require even more time, time that most people won’t put in.
This is a big reason why many successful people advise you to do something you love. If you don’t enjoy what you do, it is going to feel like unbearable pain and will likely make you quit well before you ever become good at it.
When you see people exhibiting some great skills or having achieved great success, you know that they have put in a huge part of their life to get there at a huge cost. It’s sometimes easy to think they got lucky or they were born with some rare talent, but thinking that way does you no good, and there’s a huge chance that you’re wrong anyway.
Whatever you do, if you want to become great at it, you need to work day in and day out, almost to the point of addiction, and over a long period of time. If you’re not willing to put in the time and work, don’t expect to receive any rewards. Consistent, toil (苦干) won’t guarantee you the level of success you may want, but it will guarantee that you will become really good at whatever it is you put all that work into.
32 Paragraph 1 mainly talks about ________.
A. the reasons for success B. the meaning of success
C. the standards of success D. the importance of success
33. Successful people suggest doing what one loves because ________.
A. work makes one feel pain B. one tends to enjoy his work
C. one gives up his work easily D. it takes a lot of time to succeed
34. What can we infer from Paragraph 4?
A. Successful people like to show their great skills.
B. People need to achieve success at the cost of life.
C. People sometimes succeed without luck or talent.
D. It helps to think that luck or talent leads to success.
35. What could be the best title for the text?
A. Success ― the child of talent and luck
B. Success ― altitude rather than attitude
C. Time and tide wait for no man
D. Time and toil make for success
10.【湖北省鄂州市颚南高中2019-2020学年高三10月联考】
Janus, the Roman god, has two faces looking in opposite directions. So does artificial intelligence (AI). On one side are the positive changes, enabling people to achieve more, far more quickly, by using technology to improve their existing skills. Look the other way, though, and there are plenty of potential pitfalls.
Like Janus, technological change may also cause disruption(混乱), but AI is likely to have a bigger impact than anything since the appearance of computers, and its consequences could be far more disruptive.
In the years ahead, AI will raise three big questions for bosses and governments. One is the effect on jobs. Although CEOs publicly praise the broad benefits AI will bring, their main interest lies in cutting costs. One European bank asked Infosys to find a way of reducing the staff in its operations department from 50,000 to 500. The McKinsey Global Institute estimates that by 2030 up to 375m people, or 14% of the global workforce, could have their jobs replaced by AI.
A second important question is how to protect privacy as AI spreads. The internet has already made it possible to track people’s digital behavior in minute detail. AI will offer even better tools for businesses to monitor consumers and employees, both online and in the physical world. Consumers are sometimes happy to go along with this if it results in personalised service or promotions. But AI is bound to bring invasion of privacy that is seen as unacceptable. For example, law-enforcement officials around the world will use AI to spot criminals, but may also monitor ordinary citizens.
The third question is about the effect of AI on competition in business. A technology company that achieves a major breakthrough in artificial intelligence could race ahead of rivals, put others out of business and lessen competition. This is unlikely to happen in the near future, but if it did it would be of great concern.
It is too early to tell whether the positive changes brought by AI will outweigh the risk. But it will put an end to traditional ways of doing things and start a new era for business and for the world at large.
32. Janus is mentioned to .
A. introduce the topic B. praise the Roman god
C. tell its difference D. support AI
33. The underlined word “pitfalls” in paragraph 1 is probably means .
A. consequences B. risks C. effects D. benefits
34. What’s the main idea of the passage?
A. AI is a double-edged sword.
B. People show great concern about AI.
C. privacy is threatened by AI.
D. AI will enjoy a bright future.
35. What’s the author’s attitude towards AI?
A. Objective. B. Positive. C. Worried. D. Subjective.
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