(新高考)高考英语一轮复习讲义 教材知识解读 必修第3册　Unit 2　Morals and Virtues (含答案)

这是一份(新高考)高考英语一轮复习讲义 教材知识解读 必修第3册　Unit 2　Morals and Virtues (含答案)，共13页。




教材词汇要记牢
Ⅰ.阅读单词——我会认
1．moral adj.道德的；道义上的 n．品行；道德；寓意
2．dilemma n．进退两难的境地；困境
3．illustrate vt.(举例)说明；阐明；给(书或文章)加插图
4．entrust vt.委托；交付
5．tuition n．(小组)教学；讲课
6．physician n．医师；(尤指)内科医生
7．kindergarten n．学前班；幼儿园
8．principle n．道德原则；法则；原则
9．passive adj.被动的；顺从的
10．insurance n．保险；保险业
11．import n．进口；进口商品 vt.进口；输入；引进
12．export n．出口；出口商品 vt.出口；输出；传播
13．pole n．(行星的)极；地极
14．lap n．(坐着时的)大腿部；(跑道等的)一圈
15．café n．咖啡馆；小餐馆
16．pregnant adj.怀孕的；妊娠的
17．disguise vt.装扮；假扮；掩盖 n．伪装；化装用具
18．maple n．枫树；槭树
19．cart n．手推车；运货马车
20．limp vi.跛行；一瘸一拐地走
21．might n．力量；威力
22．fable n．寓言；寓言故事
Ⅱ.重点单词——我会写
1．virtue n．高尚的道德；美德；优秀品质
2．faint vi.昏倒；晕厥 adj.不清楚的；微弱的
3．precious adj.珍稀的；宝贵的
4．fee n．专业服务费；报酬
5．union n．协会；联合会；工会
6．hire vt.聘任；雇用；租用 n．租借；租用
7．colleague n．同事；同僚
8．clinic n．诊所；门诊部
9．faraway adj.遥远的
10．decade n．十年；十年期
11．elsewhere adv.在别处；去别处
12．publish vt.发表(作品)；出版
13．staff n．员工；全体职员
14．saving n．节省物；节省；节约；[pl.]储蓄金；存款
15．sharp adj.(增长、下跌等)急剧的；锋利的；明显的
16．replace vt.接替；取代；更换
17．whisper vi.& vt.悄声说；耳语；低语 n．耳语(声)；低语(声)；传言；谣传
18．midnight n．子夜；午夜
19．bite vt.& vi.(bit，bitten)咬；叮；蜇 n．咬；(咬下的)一口；咬伤
20．lip n．嘴唇
21．chain n．一连串(人或事)；链子；链条
22．waitress n．(餐馆的)女服务员；女侍者
23．spill vt.& vi.(spilt/spilled，spilt/spilled)(使)洒出；(使)溢出
24．court n．(网球等的)球场；法院；法庭
25．flexible adj.灵活的；可变通的
26．income n．收入；收益
27．per prep.每；每一
28．therefore adv.因此；所以
29．tension n．紧张关系；紧张；焦虑
Ⅲ.拓展单词——我会变
1．marriage n．结婚；婚姻→marry vt.(和某人)结婚；嫁；娶
2．majority n．大部分；大多数→major adj.主要的 vi.主修 n．主修课程
3．complain vi.& vt.抱怨；发牢骚→complaint n．抱怨；投诉
4．respond vt.回答；回复 vi.做出反应；回应→response n．反应；回答；回复
5．scholarship n．奖学金→scholar n．学者
6．reject vt.拒绝接受；不录用→rejection n．拒绝接受；否决
7．appoint vt.任命；委派→appointment n．约会；任命；委任→appointed adj.约定的；指定的
8．elect vt.选举；推选→election n．选举；推选；当选
9．scared adj.害怕的；对……感到惊慌或恐惧的→scare vt.惊吓；使害怕 vi.受惊吓→scary adj.令人恐惧的
10．energetic adj.精力充沛的；充满活力的→energy n．精力；活力；能量
11．accident n．事故；车祸；失事→accidental adj.意外的；偶然的→accidentally adv.偶然地
12．operation n．手术；企业；经营→operate vt.& vi.做手术； 经营；操作；运转
13．assist vt.帮助；援助→assistant n．助理；助手→assistance n．帮助；援助
14．harm n．& vt.伤害；损害→harmful adj.有害的→harmfully adv.有害地→harmless adj.无害的
Ⅳ.核心短语
1．carry sb.through sth.帮助某人渡过难关
2．tuition fees学费
3．tend to do sth.易于做某事；往往会发生某事
4．first aid急救
5．pass away去世
6．in memory of作为对……的纪念
7．trip over被……绊倒
8．in tears流着泪；含着泪
9．in despair处于绝望中
10．a great deal (of)大量
高频词汇来助力
1．compulsory adj.义务的；强制的
2．condemn vt.谴责；使注定
3．conflict vt.冲突；斗争
4．conscious adj.神志清醒的；有意识的
5．consequence n．结果；后果
6．conservative adj.保守的；守旧的
7．considerate adj.体贴的；考虑周到的
8．consistent adj.一贯的；一致的
经典句式需悟通
1．To a person nothing is more precious than their life，...
对一个人来说，没有什么比他们的生命更加珍贵了，……
2．Thinking of all the people still in need of help，Dr Lin opened a private clinic.
想到所有仍需要帮助的人，林医生开了一家私人诊所。
3．At times she was even seen riding a donkey to faraway villages to provide medical care.
有时人们甚至会看到她骑着毛驴到遥远的村庄给人看病。
4．Nothing good can come to a nation whose people only complain and expect others to solve their problems.
如果一个国家的臣民只是抱怨，指望别人来解决他们的问题，那么就不会有好的事情发生在这个国家。
5．Neither she nor her friends thought about moving the stone out of the road.
她和她的朋友们都没有想到把石头从路上挪走。


Ⅰ.阅读单词(每小题1分，共10分)
1．moral adj.道德的；道义上的 n．品行；道德；寓意
2．dilemma n．进退两难的境地；困境
3．illustrate vt.(举例)说明；阐明；给(书或文章)加插图
4．principle n．道德原则；法则；原则
5．insurance n．保险；保险业
6．export vt.出口；输出；传播 n．出口；出口商品
7．pregnant adj.怀孕的；妊娠的
8．disguise vt.装扮；假扮；掩盖 n．伪装；化装用具
9．limp vi.跛行；一瘸一拐地走
10．fable n．寓言；寓言故事
Ⅱ.重点单词(每小题1分，共14分)
11．virtue n．高尚的道德；美德；优秀品质
12．precious adj.珍稀的；宝贵的
13．colleague n．同事；同僚
14．decade n．十年；十年期
15．publish vt.发表(作品)；出版
16．sharp adj.(增长、下跌等)急剧的；锋利的；明显的
17．replace vt.接替；取代；更换
18．whisper vi.& vt.悄声说；耳语；低语 n．耳语(声)；低语(声)；传言；谣传
19．bite vt.& vi.咬；叮；蜇 n．咬；(咬下的)一口；咬伤
20．spill vt.& vi.(使)洒出；(使)溢出
21．flexible adj.灵活的；可变通的
22．income n．收入；收益
23．therefore adv.因此；所以
24．tension n．紧张关系；紧张；焦虑
Ⅲ.拓展单词(每小题2分，共12分)
25．respond vt.回答；回复 vi.做出反应；回应→response n．反应；回答；回复
26．appoint vt.任命；委派→appointment n．约会；任命→appointed adj.约定的；指定的
27．elect vt.选举；推选→election n．选举；推选；当选
28．accident n．事故；车祸；失事→accidental adj.意外的；偶然的→accidentally adv.偶然地
29．operation n．手术；企业；经营→operate vt.& vi.做手术； 经营；操作；运转
30．assist vt.帮助；援助→assistant n．助理；助手→assistance n．帮助；援助
Ⅳ.高频词汇(每小题2分，共10分)
31．compulsory adj.义务的；强制的
32．condemn vt.谴责；使注定
33．conscious adj.神志清醒的；有意识的
34．consequence n．结果；后果
35．considerate adj.体贴的；考虑周到的
Ⅴ.核心短语(每小题2分，共14分)
36．carry sb.through sth.帮助某人渡过难关
37．tend to do sth.易于做某事；往往会发生某事
38．pass away去世
39．in memory of作为对……的纪念
40．trip over被……绊倒
41．in despair处于绝望中
42．a great deal (of)大量

Ⅰ.单词拼写(根据汉语提示或首字母提示写单词)(每小题2分，共16分)
1．When asked about the company’s future，the director responded that he remained optimistic.
2．Sorry，I must go now.I have made an appointment with my doctor.
3．First of all，it’s easier to replace an object than to spend time and money repairing it.
4．She was in a dilemma whether to study further abroad or to get a job after graduation from college.
5．Tourism is the major source of income(收入) for this area，so it is seriously affected by the epidemic.
6．She has suffered from the disease for decade(十年) and no medicine can totally cure her.
7．The young woman is operating a store of her own，so she has rather flexible(灵活的) working hours.
8．My thoughts spilt/spilled(喷涌而出) and my pen started to dance.
Ⅱ.词形变化填空(用括号内所给词的适当形式填空)(每小题2分，共14分)
9．Girls who major in English in our department are in the majority.(major)
10．The resident physician often complains about his working conditions and I’m tired of his complaints.(complain)
11．Many people voted for him in the election and eventually he was elected as president.(elect)
12．Seeing the scary wolf，children were scared，but some adults managed to scare the beast off.(scare)
13．Doctors operated on the injured person immediately and the operation was very successful.
(operate)
14．When he needed someone to assist him，his assistant came to his assistance.(assist)
15．The boy is always energetic.I’m curious to know where his energy comes from.(energy)
Ⅲ.经典句型仿写(每小题2分，共10分)
16．没有什么比在一个炎热的夏天喝杯冷饮更好的事情了。
Nothing can be better than having a cold drink on a hot summer day.
17．他今天早晨起得很晚，感到不太舒服。
He got up late this morning，feeling uncomfortable.
18．那个男孩又一次被当场撞见在洗手间里抽烟。
The boy was caught smoking again in the washing room.
19．那本红色封面的书出版于1988年。
The book whose cover is red was published in 1988.
20．他的朋友们和哥哥对他的主意都不感兴趣。
Neither his friends nor his brother was interested in his idea.

Ⅰ.课文语法填空——复习本单元Reading and Thinking部分
Lin Qiaozhi，who delivered over 50,000 babies in her lifetime,1.was known(know) as the “mother of ten thousand babies”，though she never got married.2.Affected(affect) by her mother’s death，Lin Qiaozhi decided to study medicine at 3.the age of 18 instead of following the 4.traditional(tradition) path of marriage like many other girls.After graduating from Peking Union Medical College，she was hired as a resident physician.Having worked for a few years，she was sent to Europe and the US,5.where she rejected her American colleagues’ offer to stay，and returned home.Though appointed 6.to hold(hold) many important 7.positions(position)，she was more interested in tending patients.She held the belief 8.that doctors should be responsible 9.for the patients.Dr Lin never retired.Even as she lay 10.dying(die)，she was still thinking of others.
This is Lin Qiaozhi，who devoted all her life to helping the women in need of her help.
Ⅱ.课文选词填空——复习本单元Reading for Writing部分

Once a king disguised himself and went to a village.In the middle of the main road，he placed a stone，under which he hid some gold.A milkman 1.crashed into the stone,2.spilling the milk everywhere.Afterwards，a woman balancing a pot of water on her head 3.tripped over the stone，dropping her pot to the ground.Later that day many other people 4.complained about the stone，but nobody made an attempt to remove it.The king was in 5.despair，“Is there no one in this village who feels any responsibility to keep their neighbours from 6.harm？” Just then，a young girl who had been working all day came along.Though tired，she moved it out of the way with all her 7.might.To her surprise，she saw the gold coins under the stone.The king finally found the one who learned the lesson he wanted to teach his people.

提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
majority n.大部分；大多数；大半
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)To our joy，the majority of people choose to carry others through hard times even if they are faced with moral dilemmas.
(2)However，the majority of people are(be) effective speakers because they train to be.
(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ)
(3)A major(majority) problem of the new version of the dictionary is that the printing is not clear.
•a/the majority of...大多数……
be in the/a majority占大部分/大多数
•minority n．少数；少数派/人；少数民族
be in the/a minority占少数
•major adj.主要的 vi.主修 n．主修课程
注意：“the/a majority of＋名词”，表示“大多数”，谓语动词的数与of后面的名词的数保持一致；the majority单独作主语时，谓语动词用单复数均可。

再提能力——完美写作·单句写作·背诵
(4)根据这次调查，大多数人遵守交通信号，违反交通法规的人只占少数。(应用文之调查报告)
According to the survey，the majority of people observe traffic signals.Those who break traffic laws are only in the minority.
respond vt.回答；回复
vi.回答；响应；做出反应；回应
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)The resident physician responded to the complaints of his patients immediately.
(2)This is done mainly to increase productivity，in response to the challenge of foreign competition.
(3)She made no response(respond)，which made me very angry.
•respond to对……做出回应或反应；答复
•response n．回答，答复；反应
in response to对……的答复；对……做出反应
make a/no response to对……做出回应/不予回答

再提能力——完美写作·单句写作·背诵
(4)每当我向他寻求建议时，他总是立即给我回复。(2020·全国Ⅰ，书面表达)
Every time I asked him for advice，he would respond to me immediately.
appoint vt.任命；委派
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)He was appointed as chairman of the union，but he rejected the position somehow.
(2)I have an appointment(appoint) with Dr.Smith，but I need to change it.
(3)The director appointed him to look(look) into those complaints.
•appoint sb.as/to be...任命某人为……
appoint sb. to do sth.委派某人做某事
•appointment n．约会；约定，预约；委任
make/have an appointment (with sb.)(与某人)约会/预约
•appointed adj.约定的；指定的
再提能力——完美写作·单句写作·背诵
(4)我不得不向你道歉，因为我不能在约定时间陪你去书店了。(应用文之道歉信)
I have to apologize to you for not being able to accompany you to the bookshop at the appointed time.
scare vt.惊吓；使害怕
vi.受惊吓
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)When I saw a pregnant woman trip over，I was scared to death.
(2)She was scared to go(go) into the yard because a big dog was in it.
(3)She was scared of walking(walk) home alone，so she called a taxi.
(4)Some parents try to scare their children into behaving well.
•be scared to do sth.害怕/不敢做某事
be scared of sb./sth.害怕某人/某事
be scared to death吓得要死
scare sb. into doing sth.恐吓某人做某事
•scary adj.吓人的；恐怖的

再提能力——完美写作·单句写作·背诵
(5)当我意识到那头熊又回来攻击我们的时候，我几乎要吓死了。(2020·浙江，读后续写)
When I realized that the bear was coming back to attack us，I was nearly scared to death.
assist vt.帮助；协助；援助
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)They hired a nurse to assist their mother with her life until she passed away.
(2)Many stations have wheelchair access from the car park or entrance to the station platforms.For assistance(assist)，please call Queensland Rail on 13 16 17.(2020·全国Ⅰ)
(3)We’ll do all we can to assist you to finish(finish) this task to make sure you can finish it on schedule.
•assist sb.to do/in doing sth.帮助某人做某事
assist sb.with/in sth.在某方面帮助某人
•assistance n．帮助；协助
come to one’s assistance援助某人
with the assistance of...在……的帮助下
•assistant n．助手；助理；售货员


再提能力——完美写作·完成句子/单句写作·背诵
(4)在他们妈妈的帮助下，他们设法做出了美味的爆米花。(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ，读后续写)
With the assistance of their mother，they managed to make delicious popcorn.
(5)正当他担心爆米花卖不完的时候，John 来帮助他。(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ，读后续写)
When he was worried that he couldn’t sell out the popcorn，John came to his assistance.
harm n.& v.伤害；损害；危害
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)A great deal of tension tends to do harm to people’s health mentally.
(2)The medicine is harmful to children but harmless(harm) to adults.
(3)There is no harm (in) giving(give) up smoking.
•do sb.harm/do harm to sb.对某人有害
•There is no harm (in) doing sth.做某事无害处。
•harmful adj.有害的
be harmful to对……有害
•harmless adj.无害的；不致伤害的

再提能力——完美写作·单句写作·背诵
(4)沉迷于网络游戏对我们的身心健康都有害处。
Being addicted to online games is harmful to our physical and mental health.
a great/good deal of许多的；大量的
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)After she retired，she donated a great deal of her savings to a kindergarten.
(2)He ran a great deal faster(fast) than the policeman and at last he escaped being caught.
•a great/good deal用作副词短语时，可用于修饰形容词、副词比较级来加强程度，也可以用来修饰动词作状语。
•a great deal用作名词短语时，意为“大量，许多”，作主语或者宾语。
•a great/good deal of许多的，大量的，只能修饰不可数名词。修饰可数名词可以用a great many (of)。

再提能力——完美写作·单句写作·背诵
(3)他花了大量的时间和这些贫困家庭待在一起，而且他从中学到了很多东西。
He spent a great deal of time with the poor families，and he learned a great deal from the experience.
“否定词＋形容词比较级＋than”表达最高级含义
To a person nothing is more precious than their life，...对一个人来说，没有什么比他们的生命更加珍贵了，……
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)I had never spent a more worrying(worry) day than the day when I was waiting for the result of the college entrance examination.
(2)In my opinion，nothing is more pleasant(pleasant) than traveling.
本句中形容词比较级与否定词连用，表达最高级的含义。常用的否定词有：no，not，never，nothing，nobody，hardly等，其意义为：再也没有比这更……的了。

再提能力——完美写作·单句写作·背诵
(3)还有什么比帮助别人更有意义的事吗？(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ，读后续写)
Is there anything that is more meaningful than helping others?
(4)John从来没有感到如此自豪。
John has never felt more fulfilled in his life.

提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上单元词汇
Ⅰ.熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍
1．He tends the flower beds that he has planted in the driveway.料理；照顾
2．The operation of this machine seems to be simple but in fact it isn’t.操作
3．I think the moral of the story is to let the buyer beware.寓意
4．He tried with all his might to open the door but it stayed shut.力气；威力
5．This novel has been adapted for television.改编；改写
6．How will you observe your birthday？庆祝
Ⅱ.一词多义练——清除阅读障碍
sharp

1．She studied the young man with her sharp bright eyes. B
2．Recently there has been a sharp decline in interest in gardening throughout the town. A
3．I was approaching a fairly sharp bend that swept downhill to the left. E
4．She planned to unlock the shop at 8：00 sharp this morning. D
5．All the footmarks are quite sharp and clear. F
6．She had her finger cut by a sharp knife by accident while she was cutting potatoes. C
Ⅲ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
1．It’s typical of him to respond to others’ requests in spite of his own business.
2．The majority(major) of students show respect and gratitude to their teachers.
3．His colleagues assisted him in decorating the house for his wedding.
4．She is appointed(appoint) to represent us to send our congratulations at the wedding ceremony.
5．The boys set off firecrackers to scare away the monkeys.
6．When the boss arrived，the joyful atmosphere was replaced by/with a serious one.
7.After all，it is immoral to take advantage of others’ weakness to do harm to them.
8．To his surprise，he found a great deal of money in the envelope.
9．Some festivals are held in memory of their ancestors.
10．I have never experienced a more exciting(exciting) moment than now.
Ⅳ.写作增分练——提升语用能力
(2020·浙江)
1．听到了直升机的轰鸣声，我们是如此兴奋以至于欢呼起来。(doing作状语)
Hearing the roar of the helicopter，we were so excited that we cried out of joy.
2．世界上没有比这更加动听的音乐了。(“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级)
There was no music more pleasant than it.
3．我们上了直升机，其巨大的轰鸣声把熊暂时吓走了。(whose引导的定语从句)
We got on the helicopter，whose loud sound scared the bear off for a moment.
4．但是三分钟以后，这只熊被发现正在为了寻找面包而朝着我们的厨房走去。(doing作主语补足语)
However，three minutes later，the bear was found making its way to our kitchen to search for the bread.
5．尽管我们很害怕，Ellie和我对这次冒险都不后悔。(neither...nor...)
Frightened as we were，neither Ellie nor I regretted this adventure.


请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文，然后核对答案并背诵该短文。(文中加波浪线的句子为本单元的语法项目：doing作状语或宾补)

Li Hua，a medical student，was walking by a kindergarten when an accident happened.A pregnant woman tripped over and fainted.Seeing this, her first response was to conduct first aid，but a passer-by 1.whispered to her “Think twice.” She was in a moral dilemma.After a short hesitation，she chose to send the woman to a clinic.A physician who had just retired came to assist her.However，her mother 2.complained about this for fear of a blackmail(讹诈)．Li Hua became 3.scared.She had no income.What if the woman asked her for a great deal of money? Maybe she could earn tuition fees or work as a waitress.Her scholarship might also help.She was almost in 4.despair，and therefore could not sleep until midnight.Her father’s words carried her through the hard time.“Patients tend to entrust a doctor with life.What is more 5.precious than life? How can you 6.reject your duty and ignore your principle？” The following day，she found the pregnant woman’s husband waiting in her classroom.He thanked Li Hua again and again in tears.At last，her tension was 7.replaced with pride.Afterwards，Li Hua was hired by a hospital and was accepted by her colleagues quickly.

练基础——单句语法填空
1．And when he saw the mists rising(rise) from the river and the soft clouds surrounding(surround) the mountain tops，he was reduced to tears.(2020·全国Ⅲ)
2．Later，they learned to work with the seasons，planting at the right time and，in dry areas，making(make) use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉) their fields.(2020·浙江)
技巧一点通
•现在分词(短语)作状语时，其逻辑主语是句子的主语。
•动词-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强调一个正在进行的动作或一种状态。能用-ing形式作宾语补足语的几类动词：a.感官动词，常见的有see，hear，feel，smell，find，notice，observe，watch等。b.使役动词，常见的有have，keep，get，leave等。

提能力——微写作
根据汉语提示并运用以上语法用英语写一段话
将近一年之后，一天半夜我们听到了Spotty上气不接下气地叫唤。我们冲出房间，却发现浓烟滚滚从厨房里冒出来。意识到发生了火灾，我们立刻采取措施，不久火就被扑灭了。
(2020·山东模拟)
Almost one year later，one midnight we heard Spotty barking breathlessly.We rushed out of the house，only to see heavy smoke rolling out of the kitchen.Realizing there was a fire，we immediately took measures，and it was not long before the fire was put out.