2020-2022年全国中考英语3年真题汇编 专题30 说明文 +答案解析

这是一份2020-2022年全国中考英语3年真题汇编 专题30 说明文 +答案解析，共580页。
 专题30 阅读理解—说明文

【2022年】

（一）（2022·新疆·中考真题）

Why did Chinese people have more than one name in ancient times?
In ancient China, people’s names had three parts, their family name, given name and courtesy name. Take famous poet Li Bai for example. His family name, which came from his father’s name, was Li. His given name was Bai, and his courtesy name was Taibai.
People used their given names when they were among family members. But in social life, they called each other by their courtesy names to show respect. This was mostly done among people of similar age. If you were talking about yourself, or if your elders were talking about you, the given name would be used instead of the courtesy name.
Men would get their courtesy names when they turned 20. It was a symbol of adulthood (成年礼). Women would get their courtesy names after getting married.
One’s courtesy name often had something to do with one’s given name. For example, the name of Mencius was Meng Ke. His courtesy name was Ziyu. Both Ke and Ziyu mean “carriage (马车)”. Zhuge Liang’s given name was Liang, which means “bright”. His courtesy name was Kongming, which means “very bright”.
42．How many parts are there in people’s names in ancient China?
A．3. B．4. C．5. D．6.
43．What does the underlined word “courtesy” in Paragraph 2 mean in Chinese?
A．名 B．姓氏 C．字 D．昵称
44．Why did people call each other by their courtesy names in social life?
A．To show their love. B．To show their good relationship.
C．To show their kindness. D．To show their respect.
45．What would be used if your elders were talking about you according to the passage?
A．Family name. B．Nickname. C．Given name. D．Courtesy name.
46．What’s the main idea of the passage?
A．The famous poet Li Bai. B．Three parts of ancient names.
C．The ancient names and the modern names. D．The development of names.
【答案】42．A
43．C
44．D
45．C
46．B
【解析】
【导语】
本文主要介绍了古代人名字的组成部分以及它所代表的意义。
42．
细节理解题。根据“In ancient China, people’s names had three parts, their family name, given name and courtesy name”可知，名字有三部分，故选A。
43．
词义猜测题。根据前文“In ancient China, people’s names had three parts, their family name, given name and courtesy name”可知，三部分包括了姓，名和字，所以courtesy表示“字”，故选C。
44．
细节理解题。根据“But in social life, they called each other by their courtesy names to show respect”可知，他们互相称呼对方的尊称以示尊重，故选D。
45．
细节理解题。根据“or if your elders were talking about you, the given name would be used instead of the courtesy name”可知，如果长者谈论你会用名来称呼，故选C。
46．
主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了古代人名字的组成部分以及它所代表的意义，故选B。


（二）（2022·安徽·中考真题）
Have you ever seen lions dancing in the streets? The lions dance to the beat of a drum (鼓). Of course, they are not real lions. They are dancers in lion costumes (服饰). Lion dancing first started in China centuries ago. It is meant to bring good luck in the coming year.
Usually, a lion is made up of two dancers. One dancer controls the head. The other controls the tail.
“I think of it as a sport,” says Anthony Huang, aged 16. He is a member of the New York Chinese Freemasons Athletic Club. Anthony performs (表演) as the lion’s head. It can weigh 20 pounds. Lion dancing is important to Anthony. “This tradition really lifts me up,” he says.
In the past, lion dancing was performed mostly by men. But it is different today. LionDanceMe is a lion dancing group in San Francisco, California. There are boys and girls on its team. They dance together.
“Anyone can take up lion dancing. You have to believe that you can do it,” says Ananda Tang-Lee, a 17-year-old girl.
Lion dancing will continue to evolve. But a team’s sense of community will never change. “We call it a family,” Ananda says, “It’s really great, because we always have each other’s backs.”
34．Why do people perform lion dancing?
A．To sell lion-dancing costumes. B．To wish for a lucky new year.
C．To protect the lions in the wild. D．To show skills of playing the drum.
35．Which role does Anthony play in lion dancing?
A．The lion’s head. B．The lion’s tail. C．The drummer. D．The dresser.
36．What does the underlined word “evolve” mean?
A．延期 B．模仿 C．举办 D．演变
37．What can we infer (推断) from Ananda’s words “We call it a family”?
A．They bring happiness to the family. B．They call lion dancing a family game.
C．They live together in a big family. D．They support each other like a family.
【答案】34．B
35．A
36．D
37．D
【解析】
【导语】
本文主要介绍了中国的传统舞狮，它在不断地演变，也获得了很多人的喜爱。
34．
细节理解题。根据“ It is meant to bring good luck in the coming year.”可知舞狮意在来年带来好运。故选B。
35．
细节理解题。根据“Anthony performs (表演) as the lion’s head”可知他扮演狮头。故选A。
36．
词义猜测题。根据“In the past, lion dancing was performed mostly by men. But it is different today”以及“Lion dancing will continue to evolve”可知舞狮过去只有男性扮演，现在男性和女性都可以，说明舞狮在不断地演变，故此处划线部分意为“演变”。故选D。
37．
推理判断题。根据“We call it a family,” Ananda says, “It’s really great, because we always have each other’s backs”可知他们把它叫作家庭，因为他们总是互相支持。故选D。


（三）（2022·安徽·中考真题）
A team of scientists are carrying out a project at the University of Greenwich in London. They are trying to find ways to make food on Mars (火星) in the future. The project is called Feeding Mars. It tries to use water, fish and fish waste to grow fruit and vegetables on Mars.
It would take at least 21 months to reach Mars, learn about its surface and return to Earth. So it would be a big help if the spacemen could grow fresh food on Mars itself.
Farming on Mars, however, will be very hard. There’s plenty of water that could be taken from ice just below the surface, but the land on Mars is missing the nutrients (养分) that living things need. The team say that they could solve the problem by growing plants and fish together. Fish waste can then be used to provide nutrients for plants.
“It is expected that you can grow lots of food, such as vegetables, salads, teas and medicinal plants on Mars,” said Dr Benz Kotzen, who leads the project. “You can even harvest (捕获) fish for food then.”
42．What does the underlined word “It” in Paragraph 1 refer to (指的是)?
A．The future. B．The project. C．The land. D．The planet.
43．What makes it difficult to farm on Mars?
A．Ice below the surface. B．Too much fish waste.
C．The missing of living things. D．The poor land condition.
44．How does Dr Benz Kotzen feel about Feeding Mars?
A．Hopeful. B．Doubtful. C．Surprised. D．Funny.
【答案】42．B
43．D
44．A
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文，介绍“喂养火星”这一项目。
42．
推理判断题。根据“The project is called Feeding Mars. It tries to use water, fish and fish waste to grow fruit and vegetables on Mars.”可知，这个项目被称为“喂养火星”，它试图利用水、鱼和鱼的废物在火星上种植水果和蔬菜。 此处it指的是“喂养火星”这个项目，故选B。
43．
细节理解题。根据“but the land on Mars is missing the nutrients (养分) that living things need”可知，火星上的土地缺少生物所需的营养物质，故选D。
44．
推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，本茨·科岑博士认为人们预计可以在火星上种植很多食物，甚至可以捕鱼，所以他认为这个项目是非常有前景和希望的。故选A。


（四）（2022·安徽·中考真题）
The night sky is our earliest library. There, we stored our knowledge, and passed it down around the fire, before we invented the written word.
I remember going to the local university for an astronomy (天文学) night when I was a child. That night, I saw Saturn, one of the planets, and its rings with my own eyes for the first time. The rings shone bright against the blackness of space and suddenly the universe (宇宙) wasn’t something that you only read about or imagined in your head. It was right there, and you were a part of it. That moment is priceless.
While starlight is good, light pollution here on Earth can be a real problem. For the past 200 years or so, we have used too much electricity (电) to make the night brighter. However, brighter doesn’t usually mean better, especially when a lot of that light shines up into the sky where no one needs it.
Luckily, some cities have taken actions, like setting up new downward-directing lights along the streets. I hope that more cities will join in and continue the practice of controlling unnecessary lighting, so that more of us can watch the night sky in a way humans have for thousands of years.
45．What is the night sky compared to?
A．A book. B．The earth. C．A library. D．The universe.
46．How did the writer find the astronomy night?
A．It opened his eyes. B．It controlled his mind.
C．It was a real problem. D．It took him too much time.
47．What does the writer hope for?
A．A brighter night. B．Less use of lighting.
C．More personal space. D．A better education.
【答案】45．C
46．A
47．B
【解析】
【导语】
本文主要介绍了现在夜晚灯光太多，造成了光污染，作者希望人们能够采取行动，减少不必要灯光，减少光污染。
45．
细节理解题。根据“The night sky is our earliest library”可知作者把夜空比作了图书馆。故选C。
46．
推理判断题。根据“The rings shone bright against the blackness of space and suddenly the universe (宇宙) wasn’t something that you only read about or imagined in your head”可知这些光环在黑暗的太空中闪耀着光芒，突然之间，宇宙不再是只能在脑海中阅读或想象的东西，由此可推知那天晚上拓宽了作者的视野。故选A。
47．
细节理解题。根据“I hope that more cities will join in and continue the practice of controlling unnecessary lighting”可知作者希望更多的城市加入并继续控制不必要的照明。故选B。


（五）（2022·广东广州·中考真题）
When you and your friends turn to each other to talk about problems or troubles, you give each other advice and help. One important thing of our growth is to make decisions to help our friends and learn to support each other. This requires us to learn what it means to help friends and how to help them in right ways.
The first step toward helping others is to identify that they need help. We all know that difficulties are part of our daily lives. However, sometimes small things can lead to more serious problems that require more help. It’s important to make sure when to help a friend. For example, you may pick up some signs that your friends are not acting like themselves. These signs show they may not be well.
The next step toward helping others is to listen. Paying attention to others while listening is very important throughout our life. When we communicate with others, we need to learn when to speak and when not to. As listeners, we should try to understand what the speakers are feeling or experiencing and try to see things from their perspectives. Listening and paying attention to others when they speak is a sign of respect and a skill that will lead to deeper and better relationships.
26．What is the purpose of the passage?
A．To discuss why people help each other. B．To describe the problems of giving help.
C．To introduce the advantages of giving help. D．To explain how we can help others properly.
27．What does the underlined word “identify” in paragraph 2 mean?
A．Require. B．Discover. C．Suggest. D．Remember.
28．What is the main idea of paragraph 3?
A．Act as a good listener to your friends. B．Learn how to give advice to your friends.
C．Pay attention to your friends’ unusual acts. D．Build good relationships with your friends.
29．According to the writer, what should you do if your friends don’t follow your advice on their serious problems?
A．Keep their problems as secrets. B．Let them make their own decisions.
C．Find out the causes of their problems. D．Get help from their trusted teachers.
【答案】26．D
27．B
28．A
29．C
【解析】
【导语】
本文讲述用正确的方式帮助朋友的建议。
26．
推理判断题。根据第一段“This requires us to learn what it means to help friends and how to help them in right ways”可知，文章主要为了讲述帮助朋友意味着什么，怎样以正确的方式帮助朋友。故选D。
27．
词义猜测题。根据第二段“It’s important to make sure when to help a friend. For example, you may pick up some signs that your friends are not acting like themselves. These signs show they may not be well”可知，确认什么时候帮助朋友是重要的，“identify”表达“识别，确认”，相当于“discover”。故选B。
28．
段落大意题。根据“The next step toward helping others is to listen. Paying attention to others while listening is very important throughout our life”可知，第三段讲述帮助朋友接下来的一步是做一个好的聆听者。故选A。
29．
推理判断题。根据第三段“As listeners, we should try to understand what the speakers are feeling or experiencing and try to see things from their perspectives”可知，如果在很严重的问题上朋友不听取你的建议，你应该努力弄懂朋友的感受和经历，努力从他们的角度看问题。可知需要弄清楚问题的原因。故选C。


（六）（2022·广东广州·中考真题）
Charles Darwin
Early years
Charles Darwin was one of the six children from a big family. His grandfather and father were doctors and the young Darwin went to Edinburgh University to study medicine. However, he hated to see blood and he soon realized that he couldn’t be a doctor. He then went to Cambridge University and discovered that he had a great interest in studying plants, insects and animals. Luckily, one of Darwin’s university teachers helped him, join the perfect trip for a biologist: a voyage around the world to study nature.
The Beagle

In 1831, Charles Darwin left Plymouth on The Beagle, a ship that took him around the world for five years. While he was travelling, he studied the plants and animals in the countries and on the islands that the ship visited. Darwin also spent his time on The Beagle writing notes about the things he had seen. When he finally arrived back in Britain, Darwin was already starting to create his famous theory that all living things had a common ancestor (祖先).
Down house

At home at Down House, a place that you can still visit today, Darwin wrote many articles and books about his travels, but he didn’t want to make anything about his theory known to the public. He worked in his study, where he wrote 250,000 words about his theory of evolution (进化论), but he was frightened about what people might say about his idea that monkeys were the ancestors of humans. He thought the public would be against it and was so frightened that he became ill with worry. However, when another scientist started to write about similar ideas, Darwin decided to print his book, On the Origin of Species.
Most scientists accepted Darwin’s theory and people continue to study it today. On 12th February, the day he was born, Darwin Day is celebrated around the world to encourage more people to study the natural world.
34．What caused Darwin to give up his study of medicine?
A．He didn’t like seeing blood. B．He found the studies too difficult.
C．He was pushed to give up by his family. D．He was advised to study natural science.
35．Why was the trip on The Beagle important to Darwin?
A．It helped him to finish his study at the university.
B．It allowed him to change his mind about his future.
C．It gave him ideas about the beginnings of human life.
D．It got him to complete his most famous book on the ship.
36．In what order did the following happen in Darwin’s life?
a. He arrived back in Britain in 1836.
b. He thought the public would not support his ideas.
c. He became interested in studying the natural world.
d. He printed his famous book, On the Origin of Species.
e. He received help to get a place on a trip around the world.
f. He studied the plants and animals on the islands he visited.
A．e→f→c→a→b→d B．c→e→f→a→b→d C．e→f→a→c→d→b D．c→e→f→d→a→b
37．Why did the writer include the last paragraph?
A．To introduce Darwin’s famous book.
B．To tell how people celebrate Darwin Day.
C．To explain why people accept Darwin’s ideas.
D．To show Darwin’s influence on natural science.
【答案】34．A
35．C
36．B
37．D
【解析】
【导语】
本文讲述达尔文早期的学习和旅行经历，讲述达尔文研究自然世界，并完成《物种起源》的经历。
34．
细节理解题。根据第一段“he hated to see blood and he soon realized that he couldn’t be a doctor”可知，达尔文讨厌看到血，所以放弃了学医。故选A。
35．
细节理解题。根据第二段“Darwin also spent his time on The Beagle writing notes about the things he had seen. When he finally arrived back in Britain, Darwin was already starting to create his famous theory that all living things had a common ancestor”可知，达尔文在“小猎户号”船上的旅行，让他开始创造他有名的理论，他认为所有的生物都有一个共同的祖先。故选C。
36．
推理判断题。根据“he had a great interest in studying plants, insects and animals”可知，他对学习自然世界感兴趣。根据“one of Darwin’s university teachers helped him, join the perfect trip for a biologist: a voyage around the world to study nature”可知，他得到帮助可以去环球航行。根据“he studied the plants and animals in the countries and on the islands that the ship visited”可知，他在岛上研究植物和动物。根据“When he finally arrived back in Britain”可知，他回到英国。根据“he was frightened about what people might say about his idea that monkeys were the ancestors of humans”可知，他认为大众不会支持他的想法。根据“Darwin decided to print his book, On the Origin of Species”可知，他出版了他的书《物种起源》。正确的顺序是c→e→f→a→b→d。故选B。
37．
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Darwin Day is celebrated around the world to encourage more people to study the natural world”可知，达尔文日是为了鼓励更多的人研究自然科学。可推断最后一段是为了展示达尔文在自然科学上的影响。故选D。


（七）（2022·广东广州·中考真题）
Imagine you are in a new city. You ask someone how to get to a bookstore. They tell you to go straight, turn left, and you will find it on your left. In fact, you can also find your way with a phone. Now imagine you are in an outdoor game. You only have a map and a compass, and instead of running down a city road, you may need to run around in the woods, climb over rocks and go up and down hills. Welcome to orienteering!
In the game of orienteering, players use a map and a compass to find stations. These stations are called controls. A special flag, usually in bright colours, marks each control. Controls are not easy to find. They may be in front of a big rock or behind a tree. In most of the games, you’ll have to find controls in numbered order, but in some games you can change the order.
At each control, players mark a card they carry with them and the card will be marked in different ways ( See Figure 1 ). The cards are very important because players must find all the controls to win. If someone misses a control, they won’t have that mark on their cards. They might cross the finish line first, but the next person to finish with a full card will win the game.
Orienteering Control Card


Culture Note: The first compass was invented by ancient Chinese people. It helps you find your way by always pointing to the North.
Name
Start time
Course
Age
Class
Finish time
1

2

3

4

5

6
7

8

9

10
11

12


Figure 1

38．What will players carry in the game?
A．A map, a compass and a flag. B．A flag, a compass and a card.
C．A compass, a map and a card. D．A phone, a compass and a map.
39．Which of the following is a rule of the game?
A．You don’t need to mark the cards.
B．You can’t miss any of the controls to win.
C．You have to find controls in numbered order.
D．You must be the first to pass the finish line to win.
40．How many controls has Anna finished in the game?
A．9. B．10. C．11. D．12.
【答案】38．C
39．B
40．B
【解析】
【导语】
本文讲述定向运动游戏的具体操作说明。
38．
细节理解题。根据“In the game of orienteering, players use a map and a compass to find stations”及“At each control, players mark a card they carry with them and the card will be marked in different ways”可知，在游戏中，需要携带一张地图，一个指南针和一张卡片。故选C。
39．
推理判断题。根据“If someone misses a control, they won’t have that mark on their card”，可知如果错过了一个控制点，就不会在卡片上得到那个得分，可知不能错过赢的任何控制点。故选B。
40．
推理判断题。根据表格的控制点有1到5,7到9，以及11到12，可知共完成10个控制点。故选B。


（八）（2022·湖南衡阳·中考真题）
A big sandstorm hit northern China several months ago. It covered many cities with thick clouds of yellow dust (尘土).
The storm, which came from Mongolia, was the largest sandstorm in China in the past 10 years. Many flights and classes were canceled because the visibility (能见度) was lower than 500 meters.
The storm was the result of warm and dry weather in the area, together with the strong winds from Mongolia. “There has been little rainfall so far this spring and the temperature is rising. So now it is a worrying time for sandstorms.” said an expert from Beijing.
In recent years, sandstorms haven’t been as common in northern China as before. The land with desertification (沙漠化) has been falling by 7, 585 km2 per year in China, and the area of sandy land has been decreasing by 1,284 km2 a year. This is thanks to China’s Three-North Shelter Forest Program (TNSFP三北防护林工程) which started in the 1970s. Millions of trees have been planted in northern China to prevent sandstorms and protect the environment.
Besides, China has a color-graded weather warning system (预警系统) for sandstorms, with red meaning the most serious, followed by orange and yellow. Therefore, people would have time to get prepared for the sandstorm.

21．What caused the sandstorm from Mongolia?
A．Cold and wet weather together with the strong winds.
B．Warm, dry weather and the strong winds.
C．Warm, wet weather and the strong winds.
22．The underlined word “decreasing” means “________”.
A．going up B．putting down C．going down
23．When did TNSFP start?
A．In the 1970s. B．In the 1980s. C．In the 1960s.
24．If the visibility in your city is 700 meters, what color will the warning be?
A．Red. B．Orange. C．Yellow
25．What can we infer (推断) from the passage?
A．We have taken some actions to prevent sandstorms.
B．Sandstorms have never changed.
C．The weather is getting worse and worse.
【答案】21．B
22．C
23．A
24．C
25．A
【解析】
【导语】
本文主要介绍了沙尘暴对人们的影响以及中国在抗击沙尘暴方面做了什么。
21．
细节理解题。根据“The storm was the result of warm and dry weather in the area, together with the strong winds from Mongolia.”可知，来自蒙古的沙尘暴是由温暖干燥的天气和强风导致的。故选B。
22．
词句猜测题。根据“The land with desertification (沙漠化) has been falling by 7,585 km2 per year in China, and the area of sandy land has been decreasing by 1,284 km2 a year.”可知，中国沙漠化土地每年减少7585平方公里，沙地面积每年减少1284平方公里。decreasing此处表示“减少”，与going down“下降”同义。故选C。
23．
细节理解题。根据“This is thanks to China’s Three-North Shelter Forest Program (TNSFP三北防护林工程) which started in the 1970s.”可知，三北防护林工程于20世纪70年代开始的。故选A。
24．
细节理解题。根据“with red meaning the most serious, followed by orange and yellow.”可知，红色表示最严重，对应“Super severe sandstorm”，其次是橙色和黄色。如果所在城市的能见度为700米，那么应该属于“Sandstorm”，对应的颜色应该是黄色。故选C。
25．
推理判断题。根据“Millions of trees have been planted in northern China to prevent sandstorms and protect the environment.”可知，为了防止沙尘暴和保护环境，中国北方种植了数百万棵树。因此我们已经采取了一些措施来防止沙尘暴。故选A。


（九）（2022·河北·中考真题）
Presentation（展示）skills are important at school and in other areas of life. Some people don’t like giving presentations because they don’t know what to say or because they get nervous about public speaking. Here’s some advice to help you make presentations easier and more enjoyable.
1. Get organised
The best presentations are well planned and clearly organized. Think about topics（话题）and choose a proper one. In one topic, three or four main ideas will be fine. The beginning of your presentation should be interesting. For example, you can tell a short, funny story to make people laugh.
2. Use photos or videos
Try to use photos or videos. These things make your performance more exciting and help you remember what you’ re going to say. However, you shouldn’t use too many. The “star” of your presentation should be you, not your photos or videos.
3. Practice before your performance
You need to practice many times before the “big day”. Practice saying any unusual words. Then write the main ideas on small cards to help you remember. Practice in front of a mirror and time your presentation. Finally, you can record your performance or ask a friend to watch you and then make suggestions for improvements.
4. Connect with your audience（观众）
Always look at the audience when you speak. Stand up straight, but don’t stand still or move around much. Finally, be sure to thank your audience when you finish speaking. It’s a simple but good way to end any presentation.
27．How can you interest your listeners at the beginning?
A．By listing your ideas. B．By telling a funny story.
C．By standing up straight. D．By saying simple words.
28．Which is the “big day” according to the text?
A．The day you prepare videos. B．The day you get some advice.
C．The day you visit your friends. D．The day you make a presentation.
29．What is the good way to end your presentation?
A．To repeat topics. B．To show thanks.
C．To make suggestions. D．To share main ideas.
30．Which question could best help us find out the writer’s purpose?
A．Did the writer try to teach us skills?
B．Did the writer help us understand ideas?
C．Did the writer invite us to attend a course?
D．Did the writer ask us to be polite in public?
【答案】27．B
28．D
29．B
30．A
【解析】
【导语】
本文介绍了一些使演讲更容易、更有趣的建议。
27．
细节理解题。根据“The beginning of your presentation should be interesting. For example, you can tell a short, funny story to make people laugh.”可知，通过讲一个有趣的故事，你可以让听众在一开始就感兴趣。故选B。
28．
词句猜测题。根据“Practice before your performance”和“You need to practice many times before the “big day”. ”可知，此处“big day”应该指进行演讲的那天。故选D。
29．
细节理解题。根据“Finally, be sure to thank your audience when you finish speaking. It’s a simple but good way to end any presentation.”可知，表达感谢是结束演讲的好方法。故选B。
30．
推理判断题。根据“Presentation（展示）skills are important at school and in other areas of life.”和“Here’s some advice to help you make presentations easier and more enjoyable.”可知，本文作者介绍了一些使演讲更容易、更有趣的建议，通过这些建议提升个人的演讲技能，所以作者写这篇文章的目的是为了帮助我们提升演讲技能，故A选项最能帮助我们找出作者的目的。故选A。


（十）（2022·湖南怀化·中考真题）
On August 5, 2021, Chinese sportswoman Quan Hongchan became the youngest Chinese diver（跳水运动员）to win a gold medal in the Tokyo Olympic Games.
Quan was born on March 28, 2007 and grew up in the small village of Maihe, Zhanjiang, Guangdong province. She is the third among the five children in her family. Quan started diving at the age of 7 in Zhanjiang and joined the Guangdong provincial team in 2018. Quan has spent almost all her time on hard training. She had never been to a zoo or an amusement park before 2021.
When people asked her how to celebrate the success as an Olympic champion （冠军）, Quan said, “In many ways. My mom had a car accident four years ago. I wanted to make more money to help cure （治愈） her. My gold medal is the best gift for her. Now, the most important thing is to prepare for our National Games which will be held in September.”
24．Quan Hongchan won the gold medal in the Tokyo Olympic Games when she was _______ years old.
A．7 B．12 C．14
25．Where was Quan Hongchan born?
A．In a busy city. B．In a small village. C．In a big town.
26．What happened to Quan’s mother four years ago?
A．She had a car accident. B．She was ill. C．She got lost.
27．Which of the following is TRUE about Quan Hongchan?
A．She wanted to make money to cure her father.
B．She started skating at the age of 7.
C．She had never been to a zoo before 2021.
【答案】24．C
25．B
26．A
27．C
【解析】
【导语】
本文介绍了东京奥运会上获得跳水冠军的中国运动员全红婵的情况。
24．
推理判断题。根据“On August 5, 2021, Chinese sportswoman Quan Hongchan became the youngest Chinese diver（跳水运动员）to win a gold medal in the Tokyo Olympic Games.”以及“Quan was born on March 28, 2007”可知，她在东京奥运会上获得跳水冠军时14岁，故选C。
25．
细节理解题。根据“Quan was born on March 28, 2007 and grew up in the small village of Maihe, Zhanjiang, Guangdong province.”可知，全红婵出生于广东湛江一个小村庄，故选B。
26．
细节理解题。根据“My mom had a car accident four years ago.”可知，全红婵的母亲四年前出了车祸，故选A。
27．
细节理解题。根据“She had never been to a zoo or an amusement park before 2021.”可知，2021年之前，她从未去过动物园，故选C。


（十一）（2022·湖南怀化·中考真题）
It’s late autumn in the Arctic Ocean （大西洋） . The water is covered with ice. It’s difficult for the white whales to breathe, so they come up to find openings in the ice to get enough air. As the winter is coming, they know it’s time to leave.
A group of about a hundred white whales swim south toward the Bering Sea. Halfway through their journey, their enemy, an orca（虎鲸）is swimming toward the white whales. With the help of large ice floes（浮冰）, the white whales swim faster than the orca. This gives the white whales time to swim away.
After a few more days of swimming, they arrive at the Bering Sea. The white whales will rest, hunt, and play here until April, then they’ll swim back to the Arctic Ocean.
28．Why do the white whales come up to find openings in the ice?
A．To get enough air. B．To get enough food C．To keep warm.
29．What helps the white whales to swim away from the orca?
A．Their teeth. B．Large ice floes. C．Brave fights.
30．The white whales won’t leave the Bering Sea until _________.
A．February B．March C．April
31．What’s the best title of the passage?
A．How Can White Whales Live in Summer?
B．White Whales Are on the Move.
C．White Whales Are in Great Danger.
【答案】28．A
29．B
30．C
31．B
【解析】
【导语】
本文讲述了白鲸深秋游离大西洋，大约一百头白鲸向南游向白令海的故事。
28．
细节理解题。根据“It’s difficult for the white whales to breathe, so they come up to find openings in the ice to get enough air.”可知，白鲸要获得足够的空气所以它们上来寻找冰的开口，故选A。
29．
细节理解题。根据“With the help of large ice floes （浮冰） , the white whales swim faster than the orca.”可知，在巨大的浮冰的帮助下，白鲸比虎鲸游得更快，故选B。
30．
细节理解题。根据“The white whales will rest, hunt, and play here until April”可知，白鲸直到来年四月才会离开白令海，故选C。
31．
最佳标题题。根据“It’s late autumn in the Arctic Ocean （大西洋） ...As the winter is coming, they know it’s time to leave.”及整个文章的理解可知，本文主要是讲述白鲸深秋游离大西洋，游向白令海的故事，故选B。


（十二）（2022·湖南怀化·中考真题）
When you walk on the street, you may see a lot of Chinese restaurants. Chinese food has been enjoyed in western countries for a long time. To make westerners enjoy Chinese food better, Chinese restaurants have made some changes to the dishes.
“One example is the meat,” said Yin Hang, who is studying at the University of Wollongong in Australia. “We like to eat meat with the bone （骨头） in China, but people here don’t. Chinese restaurants provide big pieces of meat without bones.”
Some Chinese brands are also becoming more popular. In many cities in Europe, stores sell TCL televisions, Haier fridges and Lenovo computers, reported Reuters（路透社）.
In the past, most western people thought Chinese products were cheap and unreliable. But things have changed greatly. “Made in China” has become cool and more people trust Chinese brands.
32．What do Chinese restaurants do to make westerners enjoy Chinese food better?
A．Cut the prices. B．Provide a clean environment. C．Change the dishes.
33．According to Reuters, stores sell _________ in many cities in Europe.
A．Australian brands B．Chinese brands C．European brands
34．What does the underlined word “unreliable” mean?
A．不可靠 B．不漂亮 C．不光滑
35．What is the passage about?
A．Chinese food and products become more popular all over the world.
B．Chinese like to eat meat without bones.
C．Western people thought Chinese products were cheap.
【答案】32．C
33．B
34．A
35．A
【解析】
【导语】
本文从食物，中国品牌入手，介绍如今中国制造的产品在国外越来越受欢迎。
32．
细节理解题。根据“To make westerners enjoy Chinese food better, Chinese restaurants have made some changes to the dishes”可知，为了让西方人更好地享受中餐，中餐馆对菜肴做了一些改变，故选C。
33．
细节理解题。根据“In many cities in Europe, stores sell TCL televisions, Haier fridges and Lenovo computers, reported Reuters”可知，在欧洲的许多城市，都有售卖中国品牌的产品，故选B。
34．
词义猜测题。根据“In the past, most western people thought Chinese products were cheap and unreliable”可知，此处应是过去西方人民对中国产品不好的评价，结合“Made in China” has become cool and more people trust Chinese brands”可知，如今更多的人相信中国品牌，说明之前认为中国品牌不可靠，故选A。
35．
主旨大意题。本文从食物，中国品牌入手，介绍如今中国制造的产品在国外越来越受欢迎，故选A。


（十三）（2022·湖南湘潭·中考真题）
Recently, a study (研究), published in BMC Medicine, found that sitting in front of the TV for a long time was a risk for people’s health.
After scientists used data (数据) on 370, 000 people, covering 12 years, they found about 9, 000 developed heart disease. They found people with genes (基因) of heart problems were more likely to develop heart disease. However, they found that people without such genes watching more than four hours of TV every day were also at the greatest risk of heart disease. People spending 2 to 3 hours a day watching TV had a 6% lower risk. And those who watched less than an hour had a 16% lower risk. The scientists of the research team finally found cutting TV watching time to less than an hour a day could prevent 10% of heart disease.
In life, people who want “one more episode (剧集)” might be the group at a higher risk, for they are easy to spend more time watching TV. If they have more snacks while watching TV, it might add the risk of putting their hearts in danger. So, if people want to watch TV longer, standing up and moving the body, or hanging out will work. But limiting their time on TV could be a more useful way to help them avoid possible heart problems in the future.
26．According to the text, how long did the research cover?
A．10 years. B．12 years. C．14 years.
27．From paragraph 2, which of the following is right?
A．People watching one hour of TV are at the greatest risk.
B．The less time people spend on TV, the lower the risk is.
C．Watching TV is the only reason to develop heart disease.
28．Which best explains “limiting” underlined in paragraph 3?
A．限制 B．记录 C．花费
29．Where is this text probably from?
A．A tour guide. B．A story book. C．A newspaper.
30．What is the main idea of the text?
A．We’d better not watch TV more than one hour a day.
B．Hanging out after dinner is good for our heart health.
C．Having snacks while watching TV adds risks for heart.
【答案】26．B
27．B
28．A
29．C
30．A
【解析】
【导语】
本文主要介绍了BMC医学杂志上的一项研究，研究发现长时间坐在电视机前对人们的健康有风险。
26．
细节理解题。根据“After scientists used data (数据) on 370, 000 people, covering 12 years, they found about 9, 000 developed heart disease. ”可知，这项研究历时12年。故选B。
27．
细节理解题。根据“However, they found that people without such genes watching more than four hours of TV every day were also at the greatest risk of heart disease. People spending 2 to 3 hours a day watching TV had a 6% lower risk. And those who watched less than an hour had a 16% lower risk. ”可知，人们看电视的时间越少，风险就越低。故选B。
28．
词句猜测题。根据“But limiting their time on TV could be a more useful way to help them avoid possible heart problems in the future.”可知，但限制他们看电视的时间可能是帮助他们避免将来可能出现的心脏病的更有用的方法。此处limiting表示“限制”。故选A。
29．
推理判断题。本文主要介绍了BMC医学杂志上的一项研究，研究发现长时间坐在电视机前对人们的健康有风险。结合选项，可能来自一份报纸。故选C。
30．
主旨大意题。根据“But limiting their time on TV could be a more useful way to help them avoid possible heart problems in the future.”和全文其余部分内容可知，作者通过这项研究想要告诉我们应该限制看电视的时间，A选项“我们最好每天看电视不要超过一个小时。”符合题意，故选A。


（十四）（2022·江苏连云港·中考真题）
Did you know that vocabulary (词汇) is more important than grammar? If you have good vocabulary, you can communicate successfully, even if the grammar is not completely perfect.
However, one common problem is learning new words and then forgetting them. So when you want to use a new word in a conversation, you can’t remember it at that moment. Does this often happen to you? The reason for this difficulty is that most students try to learn vocabulary by studying lists and dictionaries and remembering the words. But it may not work if you don’t have a very good memory.
The best way to learn vocabulary and remember the words successfully, is to learn new words and use them at once. You can do this with a very simple exercise. Every time you learn a new word, for example, from an English lesson or an article, write it down in your vocabulary notebook. Writing is more active than just reading a definition (释义). You should write the word, the definition in English or translation, one example sentence from the article or dictionary and one example sentence that you create.
Imagine you just learn the word “generous”, write in your vocabulary notebook: generous (adjective), definition—giving or willing to give freely. Example one, from the article: Thanks for paying for my dinner, you’re very generous. Example two, my example: My brother is generous because he volunteers at the animal shelter on weekends. It’s best if your example sentences are true to your life, because this creates a personal connection with the new word. The next day, read your vocabulary notebook again and try to add one more example sentence using the new word. It’s helpful for you to remember it. These two simple steps—writing the word and using it at once—help you remember and use new words.
Do you have a vocabulary notebook? If not, start now.
38．What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A．The problem. B．The new word. C．The conversation. D．The dictionary.
39．What’s the correct order of the following steps of taking vocabulary notes?
①Make your own example sentence.
②Write the word, its English definition or translation.
③Copy an example sentence from the article or dictionary.
④Read your notebook again and add one more example sentence.
A．②③①④ B．②③④① C．③④②① D．③②①④
40．How can we make the best example sentences according to the writer?
A．By asking for help from friends. B．By explaining words’ definitions.
C．By connecting them with our life. D．By adding words from the article.
41．What’s the best title for the passage?
A．Tips for Translating Words B．Advice on Using Grammar
C．Abilities of Creating Examples D．Ways of Learning New Words
【答案】38．B
39．A
40．C
41．D
【解析】
【导语】
本文主要讲述了学习新单词的方法。
38．
词句猜测题。根据“So when you want to use a new word in a conversation, you can’t remember it at that moment.”可知，当你想在对话中使用一个新词时，你一时想不起来，推出it代替上文的“a new word”；故选B。
39．
细节理解题。根据“You should write the word, the definition in English or translation”；“one example sentence from the article or dictionary”；“and one example sentence that you create”和“The next day, read your vocabulary notebook again and try to add one more example sentence using the new word. ”可知，正确的顺序是②③①④；故选A。
40．
细节理解题。根据“It’s best if your example sentences are true to your life, because this creates a personal connection with the new word.”可知，将新单词与生活相结合；故选C。
41．
最佳标题题。根据全文内容可知，主要讲述了学习新单词的方法；故选D。


（十五）（2022·江苏连云港·中考真题）

The Horsetail Fall (瀑布) is one of Yosemite National Park’s most amazing views. Around the second week of February, the setting sun hits the Horsetail Fall at just the right angle (角度) to light the upper parts of the waterfall. And when conditions are right, the Horsetail Fall becomes orange and red at sunset. It is like red-hot lava (熔岩) pouring down from the top of the El Capitan. So, it got the name “firefall”.
The firefall is a perfect match of the weather, the fall, the time and the watching place. It usually appears on dry, warm and cloudless days. There must be enough flowing water to make a firefall too. So there must be enough snow on the mountain top, and it turns into water on warm afternoons.
The sun goes to the best place before the fall in late February. And the best time to watch the fall is 5 to 15 minutes before the sunset. Only at this time can visitors see the firefall. The El Capitan Picnic Area is the best place to watch, because it is close to the fall and is perfect to set up cameras and tents.
Every year in February, thousands of photographers come to watch the firefall. Although the view may appear just minutes before sunset, many of them have to come hours earlier to get a right place to set their cameras in time. “I’m just saying that the Yosemite Firefall is something you don’t want to miss during the winter,” says Kate Moore, a traveller and the lead content creator for ParkedInParadise.com.
42．Paragraph 1 mainly tells us ________.
A．how the firefall got its name B．why it’s easy to see the firefall
C．who was the first to find the firefall D．on which day we can visit the frefall
43．What can we know about the firefall?
A．It lasts for half an hour before the sunset.
B．It usually appears on wet, warm and cloudy days.
C．Rivers provide enough flowing water to make a fall.
D．Its best watching place is the El Capitan Picnic Area.
44．From the words of Kate Moore, we can infer that ________.
A．the firefall is worth seeing B．it’s dangerous to watch the firefall
C．the firefall brings little surprise D．it’s a waste of time to visit the firefall
45．What’s the theme of the passage?
A．Art. B．Nature. C．Technology. D．History.
【答案】42．A
43．D
44．A
45．B
【解析】
【导语】
本文主要介绍了马尾瀑布上独特的美景以及最佳观赏时间。
42．
主旨大意题。根据“So, it got the name ‘firefall’”以及整段的介绍可知，第一段主要介绍了它的名字的由来，故选A。
43．
细节理解题。根据“The El Capitan Picnic Area is the best place to watch, because it is close to the fall and is perfect to set up cameras and tents”可知，埃尔卡皮坦野餐区是观看的最佳地点，故选D。
44．
推理判断题。根据“I’m just saying that the Yosemite Firefall is something you don’t want to miss during the winter”可推知，这个瀑布很值得一看，故选A。
45．
推理判断题。本文主要介绍了马尾瀑布上独特的美景，属于自然范畴，故选B。


（十六）（2022·江苏苏州·中考真题）
All aboard! Let’s take a ride on the world’s highest railway—the Qinghai-Tibet Railway（青藏铁路）. Sit back and enjoy the journey. Get ready for the trip of a lifetime.
We’re leaving Qinghai Station. The scenery along the way is some of the wildest in all of China. Keep your eyes open as we race through this beautiful land. You might see a rare Tibetan antelope（藏羚羊）from your window.

Before we begin our journey, let’s learn about this amazing railway. It’s truly one of the great engineering wonders of the 21st century. When it was completed on July 1, 2006, the Tibet Railway set nine world records, including the world’s highest railway at 5,072 metres above sea level, the world’s highest tunnel（隧道）at 4,905 metres, and the longest tunnel ever built on permafrost（冻土）.
As we travel higher, the air gets thinner and thinner. Soon there will only be 50 to 60 percent of the oxygen which we are used to breathing. But don’t be afraid. Each rail car has two separate oxygen systems. One system spreads oxygen throughout the train at all times. And each passenger can also get a personal oxygen mask just like those used in planes.
Here are a few more things to think about as our train leaves the station. The designers solved three main challenges when building this great railway. First, the high altitude（海拔）made the task difficult because there was no enough oxygen. Second, much of the railway runs across permafrost, a type of ground that keeps changing as the weather warms and cools. Finally, the railway goes through some of the most sensitive ecology（敏感的生态环境）in China. Great care was necessary to make sure of the smallest possible influence on nature.
All three challenges were met, making our trip possible. All aboard! The train to Tibet is leaving in fifteen minutes.
18．Where are the passengers?
A．On a bus. B．On a train. C．On a ship. D．On a plane.
19．How does the text show the railway is amazing in paragraph 3?
A．By telling a story. B．By using a designer’s words.
C．By introducing its world records. D．By comparing the present with the past.
20．How many oxygen systems are there in each rail car?
A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four.
21．Which of the following increased the difficulty of building the railway?
A．The changing ground. B．The polluted air. C．The dangerous animals. D．The hot weather.
【答案】18．B
19．C
20．B
21．A
【解析】
【导语】
本文主要介绍了21世纪伟大的工程奇迹之一——青藏铁路。
18．
细节理解题。根据“We’re leaving Qinghai Station. The scenery along the way is some of the wildest in all of China”可知，乘客现在在火车站，故选B。
19．
推理判断题。根据“When it was completed on July 1, 2006, the Tibet Railway set nine world records”以及“The designers solved three main challenges when building this great railway. First..., Second,...Finally...”可知，第三段是通过介绍它的世界纪录来展示它的惊人之处的，故选C。
20．
细节理解题。根据“Each rail car has two separate oxygen systems”可知，每节车厢都有两个独立的氧气系统，故选B。
21．
细节理解题。根据“First, the high altitude（海拔）made the task difficult because there was no enough oxygen”可知，高海拔使任务变得困难，因为没有足够的氧气，故选A。


（十七）（2022·江苏宿迁·中考真题）
The oil paper umbrella is a traditional Chinese handicraft（手工艺品）. It has a history of over 1,000 years in China．In early Tang Dynasty, it was introduced to Japan and Korea, so it was called the “Tang Umbrella”. Later oil paper umbrellas were spread to other Asian countries, such as Vietnam, Thailand and Laos, and each had its own style. However, as steel-ribbed（钢骨的）umbrellas appeared in the last century, the hand-made oil paper umbrellas became less used in daily life. They were turned into decorative artifacts（装饰性工艺品）.
Yuhang in Hangzhou is known for making oil paper umbrellas for more than 230 years. They are mainly made of skin paper（皮纸）, bamboo, a coating of Tung oil（桐油）. They need to take more than 70 steps to make, including making bamboo ribs, pesting papers（糊纸）and painting patterns（图案）. It takes at least a week to make per umbrella. In 2008, these umbrellas were added to Intangible Cultural Heritage List（非物质文化遗产名录）of China.
A young man called Liu Weixue learned the traditional art of making Yuhang oil paper umbrellas from his grandfather. “I want to bring the art to life.” Liu said. He improved the umbrellas to win the hearts of young people. As the traditional paper was easy to break, he started to use a kind of thicker paper. In a test, his umbrellas were opened and closed for 1,000 times without breaking. He used a kind of lighter bamboo to make the umbrellas weigh less.
Now Liu hopes the art can be passed on. He goes to local schools to teach students. He also goes to events in different places to promote（推广）the art.
34．What is the main idea of paragraph 1?
A．The history of oil paper umbrellas. B．The styles of oil paper umbrellas.
C．The design of oil paper umbrellas. D．The ways of using oil paper umbrellas.
35．What is an oil paper umbrella mainly made of according to the passage?
A．Wool,bamboo and a coating of Tung oil. B．Plastic,bamboo and a coating of Tung oil.
C．Skin paper,bamboo and a coating of Tung oil. D．Leather,bamboo and a coating of Tung oil.
36．Why did Liu Weixue learn the art of making Yuhang oil paper umbrellas?
A．Because he couldn’t find a better job. B．Because he wanted to bring the art to life.
C．Because young people liked the fashion. D．Because his grandfather told him to learn.
37．Which part of a magazine is the passage probably from?
A．Culture. B．Medicine. C．Music. D．Sports.
【答案】34．A
35．C
36．B
37．A
【解析】
【导语】
本文介绍了中国传统手工艺品——油纸伞的发展情况。
34．
段落大意题。根据“The oil paper umbrella is a traditional Chinese handicraft（手工艺品）...”可知，本段主要介绍了油纸伞的相关历史，故选A。
35．
细节理解题。根据“They are mainly made of skin paper（皮纸）, bamboo, a coating of Tung oil（桐油）.”可知，油纸伞的主要材料有皮纸、竹子、桐油，故选C。
36．
细节理解题。根据“I want to bring the art to life.”可知，因为他想让艺术活起来，故选B。
37．
推理判断题。根据整个文章的理解可知，主要是介绍油纸伞的一些信息，应该是在杂志的文化板块能发现，故选A。


（十八）（2022·江苏宿迁·中考真题）
Recently, China has announced the list of the first five national parks.
Each of them is divided into two parts-the core（核心）protection area and the general control area. In the core protection area, only research and surveillance（监视）in science are allowed. And the general control area is open to the public, allowing travel activities such as camping and hiking. In the future, national parks are expected to be natural classrooms. People can learn about different kinds of animals and plants through eco-friendly（环保的）travel activities.
The national parks can also be helpful to local people. The building of these national parks provides many jobs for local people. People living in or around the parks can work as park rangers（护林员）and guides. They can also sell some eco-friendly things with local colour. So their yearly incomes（收人）will grow a lot.
Then let’s take a look at the five national parks.

Three River-Source National Park on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau（青藏高原）, is the largest national park in China. Because it is home to the sources of the Yangtze, Yellow and Lancang rivers, people call it “China’s water tower”.

Northeast China Tiger and Leopard（豹）National Park is in Heilongjiang and Jilin provinces. It covers an area of 14,100 square kilometres. It is our country’s biggest and only place for wild Siberian tigers and Amur leopards to live in.

Wuyi Mountain National Park in Fujian Province is a UNESCO natural and cultural heritage site（遗址）. The forest makes up over 96 percent of the park. The park is the paradise of birds, kingdom（王国）of snakes and world of insects. You can also see the Danxia landform（地貌）there.

Giant Panda National Park connects panda habitats（栖息地）in Sichuan, Shaanxi and Gansu provinces. Inside the park are more than 1,600 wild gian1 pandas. They make up over 70 percent of the pandas in China.

Hainan Tropical（热带的）Rainforest National Park is the largest tropical forest in China. There are more than 400 kinds of plants that can only be found in Hainan. The world’s only 35 Hainan gibbons（长臂猿）live there.

38．What activity can be done in the core protection area?
A．Hunting. B．Researching. C．Hiking. D．Camping.
39．What can we know from paragraph 3?
A．Building the national parks only needs rangers and guides.
B．Farming makes local people improve their yearly incomes.
C．Visitors can buy anything with local color in the national parks.
D．Local people can get much advantage from the national parks.
40．What does the underlined word “paradise” in the form above mean?
A．A perfect place. B．A happy feeling. C．A good example. D．A sweet smile.
41．What might be the best title for the passage?
A．The beautiful scenes of nature B．The home of animals and plants
C．The introduction to the five national parks D．The relationships among the five national parks
【答案】38．B
39．D
40．A
41．C
【解析】
【导语】
本文主要介绍了中国公布的首批五个国家公园的情况。
38．
细节理解题。根据“In the core protection area, only research and surveillance（监视）in science are allowed.”可知，在核心保护区，只允许进行科学研究和监测，故选B。
39．
细节理解题。根据“The national parks can also be helpful to local people...So their yearly incomes（收人）will grow a lot.”可知，建立国家公园对当地人也有好处，故选D。
40．
词义猜测题。根据“The forest makes up over 96 percent of the park. The park is the paradise of birds, kingdom（王国）of snakes and world of insects.”可知，森林占公园的96%以上。公园是鸟类的天堂，蛇的王国，昆虫的世界，所以单词“paradise”指的是“天堂”，即完美之地，故选A。
41．
最佳标题题。根据“Recently, China has announced the list of the first five national parks.”及整个文章的理解可知，主要是介绍五个国家公园的情况，故选C。


（十九）（2022·江苏扬州·中考真题）
Wetlands are any land that is flooded with shallow water all or most of the time. They are a natural water holding system.
There are many types of wetlands. Among them, bogs, marshes and swamps are the three main types. The different types of wetlands have different kinds of plants. Only mosses(苔藓)and a few other kinds of plants can grow in bogs. Grassy plants like cattails（香蒲）and reeds(芦苇)are the most common plants in a marsh. A swamp is a forest whose ground is underwater all or most of the time. Unlike bogs or marshes, a swamp is full of trees and bushes. It’s not a good idea to go exploring a swamp without a guide. There are hidden pools of water, thick mud, and sometimes big crocodiles(鳄鱼)looking for their next meal.
Hungry crocodiles aren’t the only animals that make the wetlands their home. Otters, turtles, frogs, snakes and many other animals do too. The water is home to many kinds of fish and crabs. Birds, including ducks, geese and cranes, use wetlands seasonally during their long migrations.
Wetlands are important because they provide habitats for plants and animals. A wetland system can also protect shorelines, make polluted waters clean, prevent floods, and restore underground water supplies.
According to WWF, more than half of the world’s wetlands have disappeared since the beginning of the 20th century. If this continues, countless plant and animal species will surely die out. Without wetlands, cities have to spend more money treating water. Don’t feel helpless. Try to do your part to protect them right now. Here are some ideas.
31．According to Paragraph 2, what can you see in a swamp?
A．Mosses. B．Cattails. C．Reeds. D．Trees.
32．According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?
A．Wetlands are a man-made water holding system.
B．There are three types of wetlands in the world.
C．People can not meet with big crocodiles in wetlands.
D．Wetlands can protect shorelines and prevent floods.
33．What is the writer probably going to talk about after Paragraph 5?
A．What are the different types of wetlands?
B．What will happen if wetlands disappear?
C．What actions can people take to protect wetlands?
D．What other kinds of plants and animals live in wetlands?
【答案】31．D
32．D
33．C
【解析】
【导语】
本文主要介绍了三种不同的湿地，不同的湿地有不同的植物和动物，而且湿地很重要，所以我们要采取行动保护湿地。
31．
细节理解题。根据“ a swamp is full of trees and bushes”可知在沼泽地里有树木和灌木。故选D。
32．
细节理解题。根据“ wetland system can also protect shorelines, make polluted waters clean, prevent floods”可知湿地系统还可以保护海岸线、防止洪水。故选D。
33．
推理判断题。根据“Try to do your part to protect them right now. Here are some ideas”可知接下来会介绍应如何保护湿地。故选C。



（二十）（2022·江苏扬州·中考真题）
Researchers at China Aerospace Science and Industry Corp, a State-owned defense contractor, have developed and made the world’s first robot whale shark（鲸鲨）.

The robotic shark has been on display in an aquarium（水族馆）at Shanghai Haichang Ocean Park since January.
A whale shark is a slow-moving carpet shark and the largest known living fish.
Designed and built by engineers at the Shenyang-based No 111 Factory, the underwater robot is 4.7 meters long, weighs 350 kilograms and can move 42 meters a minute.
Powered by a lithium battery, it can swim, turn, float and dive like a real shark by moving its mechanical fins（鳍）. The mouth and gills（鳃）can also open and close like a shark’s. The biomimetic shark is made of sensors（传感器）, multi-joint fins, batteries, and systems which enable it to avoid what’s in the way in all directions.
“The robot can reach a depth of 10 meters and work for as long as 10 hours,” said Fang Xuelin, a senior researcher in charge of the robot shark program.
“The shark can be remotely controlled and can also swim based on preset programs or its own sensors,” he said.
“We have built multiple kinds of robot fishes, and the robotic whale shark is the largest mechanical fish we have made so far,” Fang added. “Our robots are to serve three purposes—to perform in aquariums for entertainment, spread knowledge about the sea and aquatic（水生的）animals among youngsters, and carry out scientific tasks such as hydrological surveys, underwater photography and environmental inspection.”
“The factory now plans to develop more types of aquatic robots, including some extinct mammals（哺乳动物）, for display in parks and schools. It will also promote the products to businesses engaged in fields such as underwater salvage and mineral prospecting,” he said.
42．The whale shark on display is ________.
A．the world’s first robot B．the largest living fish
C．a 7.4-meter-long shark D．a robotic shark
43．What does the underlined word “biomimetic”in Paragraph 5 mean?
A．仿生的 B．虚拟的 C．杂交的 D．变异的
44．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A．The shark is the first mechanical fish made at the factory.
B．Powered by a lithium battery, the shark can swim without stopping.
C．The factory has built multiple kinds of robot fishes including the shark.
D．The factory has developed some extinct mammals for display in parks.
45．What does Paragraph 8 mainly talk about?
A．The limits of the aquatic robots. B．The purposes of the aquatic robots.
C．The progress in making aquatic robots. D．The steps to developing aquatic robots.
【答案】42．D
43．A
44．C
45．B
【解析】
【导语】
本文讲述中国航天科工集团有限公司的研究员研发的世界上首个机器鲸鲨的主要特点和用途。
42．
细节理解题。根据第一段“the world’s first robot whale shark”可知，展览的是世界上第一个机器鲸鲨。故选D。
43．
词义猜测题。根据第四段“Designed and built by engineers at the Shenyang-based No 111 Factory”及第五段“Powered by a lithium battery, it can swim, turn, float and dive like a real shark”可知，鲸鲨是工程师设计和制作出来的，像真实的鲨一样可以游泳，转弯，漂浮和潜水。“biomimetic”表达“仿生的”。故选A。
44．
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“We have built multiple kinds of robot fishes, and the robotic whale shark is the largest mechanical fish we have made so far”可知，工厂已经建了很多种类的机器鱼，机器鲸是目前制作的最大的机械鱼。C选项表述准确。故选C。
45．
段落大意题。根据“Our robots are to serve three purposes—to perform in aquariums for entertainment, spread knowledge about the sea and aquatic animals among youngsters, and carry out scientific tasks such as hydrological surveys, underwater photography and environmental inspection”可知，第八段主要讲述了制作水生机器鱼的目的。故选B。


（二十一）（2022·江西·中考真题）
Indonesians love to celebrate. They believe that celebrating and eating together brings good luck. Let’s party Indonesia-style.
Would you be surprised to find a New Year’s Day in March? Indonesians on the island of Bali are getting ready to ring in Nyepi, their New Year. It falls in March or April on the night of the new moon and is a symbol of a fresh start for the people and the island of Bali. On the eve of Nyepi, families and friends get together in the market. They carry a huge monster which is made of wood and other materials around the village three times. After that, people set it on fire, hoping to drive out evil (邪恶的) spirits.
After Nyepi, a Turun tanah ceremony begins in honor of a child’s first steps. At the Turun Tanah, parents invite friends and family to a party to introduce the baby. They put different objects such as a bracelet (手镯), pen, mirror or toy computer around their baby. If the baby picks up a pen, he or she may be a writer. A child who picks up a gold bracelet may be rich.

While Turun tanah celebrates the future of a family. Galungan celebrates its past. Ancestors who have died return ‘home’ during this ten-day celebration. And living relatives do their best to make them happy. Tall bamboo poles line the street. People attend the ceremonies and visit their family and village temples. Actors and dancers give performances that tell stories of good fighting against evil.
A year of festivals has come to an end. Don’t worry: next year, Indonesia will be buzzing (发出嗡嗡声) again with celebrations, so welcome to the party!
32．What’s the theme (主题) of the passage?
A．Celebrations. B．Feelings. C．Family. D．Health.
33．What do people do during Galungan? Check and choose the right answer.
①Watch performances.   ②Discuss new babies’ future.
③Visit their family and village temples.   ④Put the bamboo poles along the street.
⑤Carry a huge monster around the village.
A．①②⑤ B．①③④ C．②③④ D．③④⑤
34．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A．The baby who picks up a pen may be a writer.
B．Nyepi usually comes after Turun tanah in Bali.
C．New Year’s Day in Indonesia begins in February.
D．People fire bamboo poles to drive away the monster.
35．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage?
A． B． C． D．
36．What is the writer’s purpose according to the passage?
A．To welcome us to the festivals. B．To show us how to treat the ancestors.
C．To tell us how to hold the party. D．To teach us how to fight against the evil.
【答案】32．A
33．B
34．A
35．D
36．A
【解析】
【导语】
本文主要介绍了印度尼西亚人们庆祝节日的活动。
32．
主旨大意题。根据“Don’t worry: next year, Indonesia will be buzzing again with celebrations, so welcome to the party!”及全文内容可知本文主要介绍了印度尼西亚人们庆祝节日的活动，主题是“庆祝活动”。故选A。
33．
细节理解题。根据“Galungan celebrates its past. ... Tall bamboo poles line the street. People attend the ceremonies and visit their family and village temples. Actors and dancers give performances that tell stories of good fighting against evil.”可知在Galungan期间人们看表演、拜访他们的家人和乡村寺庙并沿街放竹竿。故选B。
34．
细节理解题。根据“If the baby picks up a pen, he or she may be a writer.”可知拿起钢笔的婴儿可能是作家。故选A。
35．
篇章结构题。第一段引出印度尼西亚人喜欢庆祝这个事实；第二、三、四段分段介绍了几个节日庆祝活动；第五段收尾，邀请读者到印度尼西亚参与节日庆祝活动。D项符合文章结构。故选D。
36．
推理判断题。根据“Don’t worry: next year, Indonesia will be buzzing again with celebrations, so welcome to the party!”可知文末邀请读者到印度尼西亚参加节日庆祝活动，这也是作者的目的。故选A。


（二十二）（2022·江西·中考真题）
Improvements in technology often happen overnight. Some gadgets get smaller and faster. Others are replaced (代替) by newer things like smartphones. They can do hundreds of things. Here are some old gadgets that people used to use.
①________
Do you have a landline at home? These are phones that people plug (插入) into their living room walls. Mobile phones didn’t use to be so common at that time, so most families had a landline. But landlines only worked at home. What did people do when they were outside and needed to call someone? They looked for a pay phone! Then, most people had their own mobile phones and many homes no longer had landlines.
②________

People today store plenty of information online, or on SD cards. But in the 1980s and 1990s, people used to use floppy disks. The first floppy disks were large, expensive, and not very useful — each disk could store just 175 KB of information! Later, floppy disks got smaller and better. But even the best ones could only hold 1.44 MB．You would need three or four disks just for one song, and about 22,000 disks to match the storage (储存空间) available on a 32 GB phone!
③________

It’s easy to take photos today. People often have thousands just on their phones! But photos used to be expensive, and people took fewer of them. To take a photo, you had to buy a roll of film. This allowed you to take about 30 photos. After finishing the roll, you left it at a shop. The shop developed the photos to make them be seen, which you could collect after a few days.
Technology changes all the time, and the gadgets we use today will one day be old. What do you think will be next to disappear?
37．What does the underlined word “gadgets” mean in Paragraph 1?
A．Toys. B．Tools. C．Games. D．Phones.
38．Match the title with each paragraph.
a. Goodbye Disks     b. Music to My Ears     c. Picture This     d. Call Me     e. Film Development
A．①-d, ②-b, ③-e B．①-d, ②-a, ③-c C．①-c, ②-a, ③-b D．①-c, ②-b, ③-e
39．What were the first floppy disks like?
A．They could store much. B．They were very useful.
C．They cost a lot of money. D．They were easy to carry.
40．What can we get from the passage?
A．It was convenient to take photos with film.
B．People outside used landlines to call someone.
C．Improvements in technology change people’s life.
D．For a time, many people had pay phones at home.
41．What would be the best title for the passage?
A．The Changing Phones. B．The Products of Tomorrow.
C．Old Things We Use Today. D．The Things We Used to Use.
【答案】37．B
38．B
39．C
40．C
41．D
【解析】
【导语】
本文主要介绍了人们过去常用的旧工具。
37．
词义猜测题。根据“Some gadgets get smaller and faster. Others are replaced by newer things like smartphones.”可知此处指变得更小更快的东西，举例中有智能手机，由此推出gadgets意为“工具，设备”。故选B。
38．
标题归纳题。根据“Then, most people had their own mobile phones and many homes no longer had landlines.”可知①段讲电话机手机，用“Call Me”做标题；根据“But in the 1980s and 1990s, people used to use floppy disks.”可知②段以前用过的磁盘，用“Goodbye Disks”做标题；再由“It’s easy to take photos today. People often have thousands just on their phones! But photos used to be expensive, and people took fewer of them.”可知③段介绍拍照工具，用“Picture This”做标题。故选B。
39．
细节理解题。根据“The first floppy disks were large, expensive, and not very useful — each disk could store just 175 KB of information!”可知第一批软盘很贵，要花费很多钱。故选C。
40．
推理判断题。根据“Improvements in technology often happen overnight.”及下文内容可知文中介绍科技在进步，这在不断改变人们的生活。故选C。
41．
标题归纳题。根据“Here are some old gadgets that people used to use.”及全文内容可知本文主要介绍了人们过去常用的旧工具，用“The Things We Used to Use.”做标题最合适。故选D。


（二十三）（2022·山东泰安·中考真题）
The new railway line linking China and Laos（老挝）opened to traffic on December 3, 2021. All the passengers on the train were very excited.
The line is 1,035 kilometers long and it runs between Kunming, the capital of Yunnan Province, and Vientiane（万象）, the capital of Laos. It takes about 10 hours to get to Vientiane from Kunming. This line, with a top speed of 200 kilometers per hour, has 50 stations.
Engineer Ouyang Qiang took part in construction（建设）of the new line. “Each station along the line has a special and beautiful view.” he said. adding that Yunnan has pleasant weather in all seasons and the views are fantastic all year round.
Hang Dianhua, 76, was on the first train on Friday from Kunming to Xishuangbanna. “One of my students took part in this project. It’s a proud event for China. I hope to take the train with my daughter and two granddaughters who live in Beijing in the future.” Hang said.
Jaruwan comes from Thailand. Now she works in Yunnan. She was also a passenger on the train. She believes fruit from Thailand can be sent faster and cheaper to China. And at the same time, the new tourism routes（路线）might be developed thanks to the line. More Chinese people will take the railway to Laos, and then visit Thailand.
The China-Laos Railway is part of a bigger plan to connect Kunming all the way with Singapore.
11．The new railway line runs between ________ and ________ now.
A．Beijing; Xishuangbanna B．China; Singapore
C．Kunming; Vientiane D．China; Thailand
12．Who took part in construction of the China-Laos Railway line?
A．Hang Dianhua. B．Ouyang Qiang. C．Jaruwan. D．Hang Dianhua’s daughter.
13．Which of the following statements about Hang Dianhua is NOT true?
A．One of his students took part in the China-Laos railway project.
B．He went to Xishuangbanna on the first train.
C．He took the train together with his daughter and two granddaughters.
D．He thought the opening of the new line was a proud event for China.
14．What can we know from the passage?
A．The China-Laos railway line is 1.035 kilometers long and has 200 stations.
B．Ouyang Qiang was an engineer and he was Hang Dianhua’s student.
C．The fruit trade between China and Thailand can be more convenient.
D．The Chinese tourists can take the railway to Singapore from Kunming now.
【答案】11．C
12．B
13．C
14．C
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文，向我们介绍连接中国到老挝的新的铁路。
11．
细节理解题。根据“The line is 1,035 kilometers long and it runs between Kunming, the capital of Yunnan Province, and Vientiane, the capital of Laos.”可知，这条线路连接云南省省会昆明和老挝首都万象。故选C。
12．
细节理解题。根据“Engineer Ouyang Qiang took part in construction of the new line.”可知，工程师欧阳强参与了这条新线路的建设。故选B。
13．
推理判断题。根据“I hope to take the train with my daughter and two granddaughters who live in Beijing in the future.”可知，是希望将来和我的女儿以及两个住在北京的孙女一起坐火车，而不是已经乘坐了。故选C。
14．
细节理解题。根据“ She believes fruit from Thailand can be sent faster and cheaper to China.”可知，她认为泰国的水果可以更快、更便宜地运到中国。由此推知，中泰之间的水果贸易可以更加方便，故选C。


（二十四）（2022·山东泰安·中考真题）
We all know the sun is important. It makes life on our planet possible. But how does the sun do that? It’s the sun’s energy.
Energy from the sun is called solar energy（太阳能）. It comes in the form of light or heat. People have used solar energy for thousands of years. The sun’s energy can be used to heat water and even food. If you own a magnifying glass, your parents have probably warned you not to leave it in the sun. Solar energy can actually make the magnifying glass burn objects underneath it causing a fire. This type of energy from the sun is called solar thermal（热的）energy.
We can also turn the sun’s light into electricity. This is done with solar panels（板）. Solar panels are made up of a material called silicon（硅）. The silicon is heated and formed into very thin wafers（晶片）. When the sunlight hits the solar panel, the electrons in the silicon move and flow through wires（电线）. Using this technology, we can run a calculator and even power cars.
But what happens on cloudy days? The electrons in the silicon will stop moving, which means the electricity can’t flow. But this doesn’t mean that solar energy can only be used on sunny days. People can use the batteries（电池）which are attached to（附着于）solar panels to store the electricity. So the stored electricity can be used to power cars at night or on cloudy days.
Did you know that solar energy is not as expensive as it used to be? In fact, in the last few years, solar panels have become much more affordable for people to use. Since the sun gives off more energy in one second than people have used, imagine what we could do if we used the sun’s energy to power our planet.
22．A magnifying glass can make objects look ________.
A．smaller B．bigger C．more beautiful D．further
23．What does the third paragraph mainly tell us?
A．How to use solar thermal energy.
B．How to power our planet.
C．How to store electricity with batteries.
D．How to turn sunlight into electricity with solar panels.
24．We can use ________ to power cars at night according to the fourth paragraph.
A．thin wafers B．the moonlight C．solar thermal energy D．the stored electricity
25．Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A．Solar panels are made up of silicon. B．Solar energy can be used for heating food.
C．It costs more to use solar energy than before. D．People have used solar energy for thousands of years.
【答案】22．B
23．D
24．D
25．C
【解析】
【导语】
本文主要介绍了太阳是很重要的。人们使用太阳能很多年了。太阳释放出比现在人们使用更多的能量。所以我们应该尽力在我们的生活中找到更多的好方法去使用它。
22．
推理判断题。根据“ If you own a magnifying glass, your parents have probably warned you not to leave it in the sun. Solar energy can actually make the magnifying glass burn objects underneath it causing a fire.”和常识可知，放大镜会使物体变得更大，故选B。
23．
段落大意题。根据“We can also turn the sun’s light into electricity”分析第三段内容可知，本段主要介绍如何利用太阳能电池板将阳光转化为电能。故选D。
24．
细节理解题。根据“People can use the batteries（电池）which are attached to（附着于）solar panels to store the electricity. So the stored electricity can be used to power cars at night or on cloudy days.”可知，人们可以使用附着在太阳能电池板上的电池来储存电力，因此储存的电力可以在夜间或阴天为汽车提供动力。故选D。
25．
推理判断题。根据“Did you know that solar energy is not as expensive as it used to be?”可知，太阳能不像以前那么贵了，C项表述错误。故选C。


（二十五）（2022·山西·中考真题）
Since tea spread from China worldwide, it has become one of the most popular drinks in the world. Different countries have their own tea cultures, like afternoon tea in England.
The tradition of afternoon tea is a very special part of English culture. The custom of drinking tea became popular in England during the 1660s. It was not until the mid-19th century that the idea of “afternoon tea” first appeared.
Afternoon tea is served in the mid-afternoon, between lunch and a late dinner. The idea came from Anna, the seventh Duchess(公爵夫人) of Bedford, in 1840. At the time, many families would eat a late dinner at about 8 p. m., which was one of only two main meals each day, and the other was a mid-morning meal.
With a long time between breakfast and dinner, Anna would become hungry around 4 o’clock in the afternoon. So she asked some tea, bread, butter and cakes to be brought to her room during the late afternoon. This became a habit of hers and she began inviting friends to join her.
Later, Anna continued it, sending cards to her friends asking them to join her for “tea and a walking in the fields”.
Others soon picked up on the idea. By the 1880s, afternoon tea became an event for many ladies. They would be dressed beautifully to be served in the sitting room between four and five o'clock, talking about the latest news, their daily life and fashion.
Today’s afternoon tea is simpler than traditional afternoon tea. It is just a biscuit or small cake and a cup of tea. However, there is one thing that has never changed—the meaning of afternoon tea.
14．When did the idea of “afternoon tea” first appear in England?
A．In the 1660s. B．In the 1880s. C．In the mid-19th century.
15．In the third paragraph, what does the “two main meals” probably refer to(指)?
A．A lunch and a late dinner.
B．A breakfast and a mid-afternoon meal.
C．A mid-morning meal and a late dinner.
16．Why did Anna ask for tea and cakes in the afternoon at first?
A．Because she felt hungry.
B．Because she loved drinking tea.
C．Because she needed to treat friends.
17．What can we infer(推断) from the passage?
A．Afternoon tea has spread all over the world.
B．People used to drink tea more often than now.
C．Afternoon tea gives people a chance to communicate.
18．What is the best title of the passage?
A．Advantages of Drinking Tea
B．Development of Afternoon Tea
C．Different Tea Cultures in the World
【答案】14．C
15．C
16．A
17．C
18．B
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文，介绍下午茶的发展。
14．
细节理解题。根据“It was not until the mid-19th century that the idea of “afternoon tea” first appeared.”可知，直到19世纪中期，“下午茶”的概念才第一次出现。故选C。
15．
推理判断题。根据“At the time, many families would eat a late dinner at about 8 p. m., which was one of only two main meals each day, and the other was a mid-morning meal.”可知，当时，许多家庭在晚上8点左右吃晚饭，这是每天仅有的两顿主餐之一，另一顿是上午的午餐。所以此处two main meals指的就是上午的午餐和晚一点的晚餐，故选C。
16．
细节理解题。根据“Anna would become hungry around 4 o’clock in the afternoon. So she asked some tea, bread, butter and cakes to be brought to her room during the late afternoon.”可知，安娜会在下午4点左右感到饿，于是她让人在下午晚些时候把茶、面包、黄油和蛋糕送到她的房间。故选A。
17．
推理判断题。根据“By the 1880s, afternoon tea became an event for many ladies. They would be dressed beautifully to be served in the sitting room between four and five o'clock, talking about the latest news, their daily life and fashion.”可知，下午茶也是交流的好时间，故选C。
18．
最佳标题题。本文主要向我们介绍下午茶的发展，故选B。


（二十六）（2022·陕西·中考真题）
Do you know the word migrate? It is a word usually used to talk about certain animals such as birds, fish and so on. When animals migrate, they travel a long way from one part of the world to another according to the season. For example, swallows (燕子) migrate south in winter. Many animals migrate—they do this often at the same time and to the same place each year. They move to places where conditions are better—where the weather is warmer, where there is more food and water, or where their young will be safer.
People also migrate. When people migrate, they go to live in another area or country, especially in order to find work. In English, when people leave their home country in order to live in another country, we use the word emigrate instead of migrate. From migrate and emigrate come the words migration and emigration. However, if people move from their home country to another to live there forever (永久地), the word changes from emigrate to immigrate in the English language. Then the word immigration is born.
Isn’t word-making of the English language interesting? And can this process (过程) of finding out the relationships between words and learning them in a group or groups be a way for you to learn the language?
Based on Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English, 6th edition.
28．Which of the following situations can match the main idea of Paragraph 1?
A．Snakes move into holes to sleep in winter.
B．Fish swim to clean waters because of pollution.
C．Birds fly very far away to find food and return to give it to their babies.
D．Monarch butterflies in North America fly south to stay away from the cold.
29．According to the passage, if people ________ , they leave their home country to live in another forever.
A．travel B．migrate C．emigrate D．immigrate
30．The passage is written to ________.
A．introduce migration of animals B．tell readers a way of learning English
C．show how English words change D．explain why people migrate
【答案】28．D
29．D
30．B
【解析】
【导语】
本文由动物迁徙引出了英语的造词，告诉我们找出单词之间的关系并在一个或多个小组中学习它们也可以是学习语言的一种方式。
28．
推理判断题。根据“When animals migrate, they travel a long way from one part of the world to another according to the season”可知当动物迁徙时，它们会根据季节从世界的一个地方长途跋涉到另一个地方，故选项D“北美帝王蝶南飞避寒”符合第一段的主旨。故选D。
29．
细节理解题。根据“if people move from their home country to another to live there forever (永久地), the word changes from emigrate to immigrate in the English language”可知如果人们从他们的祖国搬到另一个国家永远住在那里，这个词在英语中从emigrate变为immigrate。故选D。
30．
主旨大意题。本文由动物迁徙引出了英语的造词，告诉我们找出单词之间的关系并在一个或多个小组中学习它们也可以是学习语言的一种方式。故选B。


（二十七）（2022·四川成都·中考真题）
Most people agree that honesty is a good thing. But does Mother Nature agree? Animals can’t talk, but can they lie with their bodies and behavior? Animal experts may not call it lying, but they do agree that many animals behave dishonestly to fool other animals. Dishonesty often helps them survive（生存）.

Many kinds of birds are very successful at fooling other animals. A bird called the plover sometimes pretends （假装） to be hurt in order to protect its young. When an enemy gets close to its nest, the plover pretends to have a broken wing. The enemy follows the “hurt” adult, leaving the baby birds safe.

Another kind of bird, the scrub jay, buries （埋） its food so it always has something to eat. Scrub jays also steal food. They watch where others bury their food and steal it. But clever scrub jays seem to know when others are watching them. So they get back later, unbury the food, and bury it again somewhere else.

Chimpanzees can also be sneaky. After a fight, the losing chimpanzee will give its hand to the other. When the winning chimpanzee puts out its hand, too, the chimpanzees are friendly again. But an animal expert once saw a losing chimpanzee take the winner’s hand and start fighting again. When chimpanzees find food, it’s natural for them to cry out. Then other chimpanzees come running. But some clever chimpanzees learn to cry very softly when they find food. That way, other chimpanzees don’t hear them, and they don’t need to share the food.
31．Why does the plover pretend to be hurt?
A．To show its friendliness. B．To save its young. C．To catch the enemy.
32．What do clever scrub jays do with their food?
A．They bury the food deep. B．They watch the food. C．They bury the food twice.
33．What will the chimpanzee probably do after crying softly?
A．It will eat all the food it finds.
B．It will share the food with others.
C．It will fight again with the winner.
34．According to Paragraph 4, in which picture can we find a sneaky animal?
A． B． C．
35．What is the best title of the passage?
A．Do animals lie? B．Honesty or dishonesty? C．How do animals protect lives?
【答案】31．B
32．C
33．A
34．C
35．A
【解析】
【导语】
本文科普了一些动物为了生存而撒谎的现象，并举了三个例子进行说明。
31．
细节理解题。根据“A bird called the plover sometimes pretends （假装） to be hurt in order to protect its young.”可知，有一种叫千鸟的鸟有时会假装受伤来保护它的幼鸟，故选B。
32．
细节理解题。根据“But clever scrub jays seem to know when others are watching them. So they get back later, unbury the food, and bury it again somewhere else.”可知，聪明的灌木松鸦似乎知道别人在看它们，所以它们稍后会回来，把食物挖出来，再埋在别的地方。故选C。
33．
细节理解题。根据“But some clever chimpanzees learn to cry very softly when they find food. That way, other chimpanzees don’t hear them, and they don’t need to share the food.”可知，黑猩猩轻轻地叫喊之后，其他黑猩猩听不到声音，它们就不需要分享食物，故选A。
34．
推理判断题。根据“Chimpanzees can also be sneaky...But an animal expert once saw a losing chimpanzee take the winner’s hand and start fighting again.”可知，这里说的是黑猩猩也可能是狡猾的，图片中C中的狐狸与之对应，故选C。
35．
最佳标题题。根据“Animals can’t talk, but can they lie with their bodies and behavior...Dishonesty often helps them survive（生存）.”以及整个文章的理解可知，本文科普了一些动物为了生存而撒谎的现象并举例进行说明，A项“动物说谎吗”最适合做标题，故选A。


（二十八）（2022·四川达州·中考真题）
Do you know anyone born in the Year of the Tiger? What’s their personality like? Are they brave, strong and determined? If so, then they are a typical “tiger”.
In Chinese culture, tigers are seen as the king of all animals. They stand for power, energy and protection. Tigers are seen as fearless animals, so that’s why in China you can see pictures of tigers on the walls of houses and temples to ward off (抵御) danger and disasters.
Tigers have an important cultural meaning not just in China, but across Asia where they live in the wild. For example, in South Korea, the animal is a symbol of justice, humanity and righteousness in local folk tales. Both the 1986 Seoul Asian Games and the 1988 Seoul Summer Olympics used Hodori, a friendly cartoon tiger, as the mascot. A tiger is also on the logo of the South Korea national soccer team.
In the West, tigers are also seen as powerful animals. And we often use “tiger” in English. If we say someone “works like a tiger”, we mean he or she works hard. If you want someone to calm down, you can say to them “easy, tiger”. Another famous phrase is “eye of the tiger”, which means having strength. There are also some other phrases about tigers, such as “a tiger can’t change its stripes”, “paper tiger” and “have a tiger by the tail”.
31．What’s a typical “tiger” like according to the passage?
A．Smart and brave. B．Brave and strong.
C．Strong and outgoing. D．Determined and friendly.
32．Why can people see pictures of tigers on the walls of houses and temples in China?
A．Because tigers live in the wild in Asia.
B．Because tigers are used in English phrases.
C．Because tigers are regarded as fearless animals.
D．Because tigers are used as the mascots both in the Asian Games and in the Olympics.
33．If we want someone to calm down, we can use “_________”.
A．easy, tiger B．work like a tiger C．eye of the tiger D．a tiger can’t change its stripes
34．What’s the best title of the passage?
A．Tigers in different cultures B．Tigers in different phrases
C．Tigers—the king of all animals D．Tigers—the cultural symbol in China
【答案】31．B
32．C
33．A
34．A
【解析】
【导语】
本文主要介绍了老虎在中国以及其它国家的意义。
31．
细节理解题。根据“Are they brave, strong and determined? If so, then they are a typical “tiger”.”可知，典型的“老虎”是勇敢、强壮、有决心的。故选B。
32．
细节理解题。根据“Tigers are seen as fearless animals, so that’s why in China you can see pictures of tigers on the walls of houses and temples to ward off (抵御) danger and disasters.”可知，老虎被视为无所畏惧的动物，这就是为什么在中国，你可以在房屋和寺庙的墙上看到老虎的图片，以抵御危险和灾难。故选C。
33．
细节理解题。根据“If you want someone to calm down, you can say to them “easy, tiger”.”可知，如果你想让某人冷静下来，你可以对他们说“easy, tiger”。故选A。
34．
最佳标题题。本文主要介绍了老虎在中国以及其它国家的意义，选项A“不同文化中的老虎”符合主题，故选A。


（二十九）（2022·四川达州·中考真题）
Over 100 years ago, the future leaders of the Communist Party of China (CPC), including Chen Duxiu, founded the first communist organization in Shanghai. At that time, many young people went to the office of La Jeunesse（《新青年》）magazine -the center of the New Culture Movement- to look for advice on how to save the country and the people. Chen, founder of the magazine and leader of the movement, gave them a warm welcome.
In August 1920, Chen asked Yu Xiusong to start the first Socialist Youth League（SYL,社会主义青年团）. Yu became secretary of the league.
To educate more young people, the league built the institute and offered language courses. As well as learning foreign languages，students would also study The Communist Manifesto（《共产党宣言》）, which paved the way for the birth of the CPC．Its translator Chen Wangdao, then also a professor of Fudan University, delivered lectures.
In the 1920s, revolutionary pioneers including Mao Zedong established SYLs in key cities. The first national congress of the Socialist Youth League of China was held in Guangzhou from May 5 to 10 in 1922, marking its official founding. In 1925, the organization changed its name to the Communist Youth League of China (CYLC).
Almost every year in May, hundreds of teenagers gather at Tuanyida Square in Guangzhou. They take an oath（宣誓）to become members of the CYLC．The square, now a site for patriotic （爱国的）education for young people, is where the CYLC was born.
Now, the CYLC national congress takes place every five years. The latest was held in Beijing in 2018. This year marks the 100th anniversary of the founding of the CYLC．The CYLC was born during the war and got over a lot of difficulties in the past century.
35．Who is the founder of La Jeunesse and leader of the New Culture Movement?
A．Mao Zedong B．Yu Xiusong C．Chen Wangdao D．Chen Duxiu
36．What does the underlined word “established” in Paragraph 4 mean in Chinese?
A．发行 B．认可 C．查实 D．建立
37．What is the right order of the following sentences according to the passage?
a. The latest CYLC national congress was held in Beijing.
b. The Socialist Youth League of China changed its name to the CYLC．
c. Chen Duxiu asked Yu Xiusong to start the first Socialist Youth League.
d. The first national congress of the Socialist Youth League of China was held in Guangzhou.
A．a-d-c-b B．a-b-d-c C．c-d-b-a D．d-b-c-a
38．What’s the main idea of this passage?
A．How the Communist Party of China was founded.
B．How the Communist Youth League of China was founded.
C．How the Communist Youth League paved the way for the birth of the CPC．
D．How the students in the Communist Youth League of China learned foreign languages.
【答案】35．D
36．D
37．C
38．B
【解析】
【导语】
本文讲述中国共青团是如何创立的。
35．
细节理解题。根据第一段“Chen, founder of the magazine and leader of the movement, gave them a warm welcome”可知，陈独秀是《新青年》杂志的创办者和新文化运动的领袖。故选D。
36．
词义猜测题。根据“revolutionary pioneers including Mao Zedong”及“SYLs”可知讲述革命先驱在主要的城市建立社会主义青年团。“established”的含义是“建立”。故选D。
37．
推理判断题。根据第二段“In August 1920, Chen asked Yu Xiusong to start the first Socialist Youth League”可知，陈独秀让俞秀松创办第一个社会主义青年团；根据第四段“The first national congress of the Socialist Youth League of China was held in Guangzhou”可知，第一次共青团全国代表大会在广州举行；根据第四段“In 1925, the organization changed its name to the Communist Youth League of China”可知，社会主义青年团改名字为共青团；根据最后一段“The latest was held in Beijing in 2018”可知，最近的共青团全国代表大会在北京举行。正确的顺序是c-d-b-a。故选C。
38．
主旨大意题。文章主要讲述中国共青团是如何创立的，可归纳为“How the Communist Youth League of China was founded”。故选B。


（三十）（2022·四川达州·中考真题）
Most of us are used to using jet hand dryers (喷射式干手器) in public restrooms. They’re surely very convenient—all we need to do is to hold up our hands for a few seconds until they’re dry. And more importantly, they’re supposed to be hygienic (卫生的).
However, a new study published in the journal Hospital Infection found that jet hand dryers actually spread more dangerous bacteria (细菌) than paper towels.
In the study, two restrooms in each of three different hospitals in the UK, France and Italy were required to provide both jet air dryers and paper towels for people to use. But on certain days, only either the hand dryer or the paper towel dispenser (自动出纸机) was available to use.
The scientists found that when only the hand dryer was available, the amount of bacteria in the restrooms was 27 times higher than on other days.
According to study leader Mark Wilcox, an expert in medical microbiology (微生物学) at Leeds University, UK, air dryers spread harmful bacteria all over the room. This means that if people use these dryers, they’re more likely to pick up bacteria.
At the same time, however, this raises the question of why these bacteria exist in the first place if people are washing their hands after using the restroom.
“The problem starts because some people do not wash their hands properly,” Wilcox told The Telegraph. In other words, poor hand-washing leads to a large amount of bacteria being left on your hands.
39．What did the new study find according to the passage?
A．Using jet hand dryers was very convenient.
B．Jet hand dryers were supposed to be hygienic.
C．Jet hand dryers actually spread more dangerous bacteria than paper towels.
D．Hospitals were required to provide both jet air dryers and paper towels for people to use.
40．How can we stop bacteria according to the last paragraph?
A．By using paper towels. B．By only using jet hand dryers.
C．By not using public restrooms. D．By washing our hands properly.
41．What can we learn from the passage?
A．Washing hands can protect you from danger.
B．Modern technology may cause more problems.
C．It’s common to pick up bacteria in public places.
D．Scientists will find a way to improve hand dryers.
【答案】39．C
40．D
41．B
【解析】
【导语】
本文介绍了在公共卫生间使用喷射式干手器传播更多的危险细菌，这主要原因是人们在上完厕所后不正确的洗手方式导致大量的危险细菌留在人们的手上所致。
39．
细节理解题。根据“The scientists found that when only the hand dryer was available, the amount of bacteria in the restrooms was 27 times higher than on other days.”可知，科学家们发现，当只有烘干机可用时，厕所里的细菌数量是其他日子的27倍。由此推知，喷气式烘手机实际上比纸巾传播更多危险的细菌，故选C。
40．
推理判断题。根据“In other words, poor hand-washing leads to a large amount of bacteria being left on your hands.”可知，洗手不当会导致大量细菌留在手上，所以作者建议正确洗手，故选D。
41．
推理判断题。根据“The scientists found that when only the hand dryer was available, the amount of bacteria in the restrooms was 27 times higher than on other days.”可知，烘干机比纸巾传播更危险的细菌，由此推知，现代技术可能会引起更多的问题。故选B。


（三十一）（2022·四川德阳·中考真题）
Have you ever imagined your simple T-shirt could act as an air conditioner (空调) on those hot summer days? Thanks to a discovery, that possibility is getting closer and the T-shirt may soon be found among your favorite clothing brands.
Two inventors took a completely new method. They designed a special textile (纺织品) that can take in body heat and then send out the energy. This new textile cools both the objects and things around them through a technology. This means that a T-shirt made of this textile looks like a normal T-shirt, but actually it is a device (设备) that works like a mirror.
Although the technology is not new and has been used for years to design plastic films and special paints, its use in the textile industry for the good of wearers is very special and exciting. That is because, in the past, the methods we used to deal with heat through clothes were only the suggestions on wearing light colors and choosing breathable textiles. But even when these suggestions can actually help you feel cool, they are simply not enough in the hottest season. The new textile, however, can reflect all kinds of light, and this can contribute to the cooling process. So this discovery is a real advance.
Right now, researchers still need to test the new method to know how effectively (有效) the new textile works while the wearers are standing or walking, and not directly facing the sky. They also need to test how well it works when T-shirts are not close to the skin. But it’s still a great success.
The two inventors are now looking out for clothing brands that are interested in using their textile. One inventor said, “The new material will increase clothing producing costs by just 10 percent. We can make it with large production. Everybody can afford a T-shirt made of this textile and the cost is basically the same as a normal T-shirt’s. It can do good to everybody.”
27．What can the new textile do?
A．Make wearers feel cool. B．Make wearers fashionable.
C．Get wearers’ health information. D．Test wearers’ body temperatures.
28．What do the underlined words “ contribute to ” mean in Chinese?
A．减缓 B．促进 C．接收 D．扰乱
29．What are the two inventors doing now?
A．Making money by selling the textile. B．Trying to use the textile in other fields.
C．Trying to find out more secrets of the textile. D．Looking for clothing brands to use the textile.
30．What’s the best title (标题) for the text?
A．A Popular Brand B．Two Great Inventors C．A Special Textile D．Lucky Wearers
【答案】27．A
28．B
29．D
30．C
【解析】
【导语】
本文讲述一种新的纺织品，讲述新纺织品可以让人在夏天感觉凉爽。
27．
推理判断题。根据第一段“your simple T-shirt could act as an air conditioner on those hot summer days? Thanks to a discovery, that possibility is getting closer and the T-shirt may soon be found among your favorite clothing brands”及第二段“can take in body heat and then send out the energy”可知，新的纺织品可以吸收身体的热量然后释放。可推断新纺织品可以让穿衣服的人感觉凉爽。故选A。
28．
词义猜测题。根据“The new textile, however, can reflect all kinds of light”及“this discovery is a real advance”可知，这项新的防线是一项进步，讲述的是这种新的纺织品的好的方面，可推断短语“contribute to”表达“促进，有利于”。故选B。
29．
细节理解题。根据最后一段“The two inventors are now looking out for clothing brands that are interested in using their textile”可知，发明者现在正在寻找对使用这种新的纺织品感兴趣的衣服品牌商。故选D。
30．
最佳标题题。文章主要讲述的是一种新的纺织品，标题可概括为“A Special Textile”。故选C。


（三十二）（2022·四川广元·中考真题）
Can you imagine a cloud floating in the middle of your room? Do you want to know what it feels like to fly like a bird? Here, we have picked out four interesting inventions to share with you.
Talking Gloves
Four foreign students have created a pair of gloves, and it helps people to communicate with people who have hearing and speaking problems. The gloves are equipped with sensors (传感器). They recognize sign language and translate it into text on a smartphone. Then the smartphone changes the text to spoken words. Thus you can understand sign language easily.
Google Glasses
Google Glasses are like a computer built into a pair of glasses. Then the glasses allow you to surf the Internet and make calls without even lifting a finger. The glasses also have a camera and GPS mapping system. Users can take and share photos, check maps and surf the Internet just by looking up, down, left and right.
Indoor Clouds
That’s a real world. An artist, Smilde managed to create a small but perfect white cloud in the middle of a room using a fog machine. But it required careful planning — the temperature, humidity (湿度) and lighting all had to be just right. The cloud only lasted for a short while, though.
Wingsuits
The suit realizes your dream of flying like a bird. Well, not exactly flying, but gliding (滑翔) through the air. It increases the surface area of the human body, which makes it easier for people to float in the air. Fliers wearing wingsuits can glide one kilometer in about 30 seconds.
41．What do “Talking Gloves” help people to understand?
A．Spoken words. B．Sign language. C．Written words. D．The text on the smartphone.
42．How can users of “Google Glasses” surf the Internet?
A．By speaking to the glasses. B．By tapping the keyboard.
C．By lifting a finger. D．By moving the eyeballs.
43．How did the artist create a white cloud in the room?
A．With a fog machine. B．With right temperature.
C．With a fog machine and careful planning. D．With a fog machine and right lighting.
44．Which of the following can help you fly?
A．Talking Gloves. B．Wingsuits. C．Google Glasses. D．Indoor Clouds.
45．What’s the best title of the passage?
A．Four Interesting Inventions B．Four Famous Inventions
C．The Advantages of Four Inventions D．Four Dreams of the Future
【答案】41．B
42．D
43．C
44．B
45．A
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了四个有趣的发明。
41．
细节理解题。根据第二段“Thus you can understand sign language easily.”可知，“Talking Gloves”帮助人们去理解手语。故选B。
42．
推理判断题。根据第三段“Users can...surf the Internet just by looking up, down, left and right.”可知，用户只需向上、向下、向左、向右看就可以上网，即通过移动眼球的方式上网。故选D。
43．
细节理解题。根据第四段“An artist, Smilde managed to create a small but perfect white cloud in the middle of a room using a fog machine. But it required careful planning...”可知，艺术家在房间里创造出一朵白云需要：一台造雾机和精心的计划。故选C。
44．
细节理解题。根据最后一段“The suit realizes your dream of flying like a bird.”可知，“Wingsuits”可以帮助你实现像鸟一样飞翔的梦想。故选B。
45．
最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了四个有趣的发明。故选A。


（三十三）（2022·天津·中考真题）
People in the office usually sit for most of the day when they work. But this is bad for a person’s health. When people sit for too long every day, they don’t move very much. So it is easy to start getting fat. Sitting too long is also bad for their work because it makes them want to sleep. When this happens, people may make more mistakes in their work or spend more time finishing their work. Companies need workers to be healthy, so how do they fix the problem?
Some companies have different types of desks to help their workers. The first type of desk is the standing desk. The desk can be taller when a person wants to stand. It can also be shorter when the person wants to sit. Another type of desk is the walking desk. This desk is made so that a person can work while walking at the same time.
Workers in the companies like the different types of desks very much. They think these desks are quite useful.
31．When people in the office work, they usually ________.
A．sit B．move C．run D．sing
32．What does the word “fix” mean in Paragraph 1?
A．Cause. B．Solve. C．Bring. D．Discuss.
33．How many types of desks are mentioned in Paragraph 2?
A．2. B．3. C．4. D．5.
34．What do the workers think of the different types of desks?
A．They are cheap. B．They are traditional. C．They are useful. D．They are expensive.
35．The purpose of the passage is to ________.
A．tell us the reasons for sitting B．show the advantages of standing
C．introduce desks that help people work better D．compare companies that provide different jobs
【答案】31．A
32．B
33．A
34．C
35．C
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文，介绍一些公司使用不同类型的办公桌来帮助他们的员工。
31．
细节理解题。根据“People in the office usually sit for most of the day when they work.”可知，办公室里的人通常在工作的时候大部分时间都坐着。故选A。
32．
词义猜测题。根据“Companies need workers to be healthy, so how do they fix the problem?”可知，公司需要解决问题，此处fix的意思是“解决”，故选B。
33．
细节理解题。根据“The first type...Another type of desk...”可知，提到了两种类型的办公桌，故选A。
34．
细节理解题。根据“They think these desks are quite useful.”可知，员工们认为这些办公桌很有用，故选C。
35．
主旨大意题。根据“Some companies have different types of desks to help their workers.”可知，本文介绍一些公司使用不同类型的办公桌来帮助他们的员工，故选C。


（三十四）（2022·天津·中考真题）
Tea and coffee are two of the most popular drinks in the world. However, people usually like one more than the other. These drinks also have very different uses.
Tea drinking started in China over 4,000 years ago. Tea is made from leaves. These days, some people drink tea for health, using it to help with stress(压力) or losing weight. However, most people in tea-drinking countries think of tea as more than just a healthy drink. In fact, tea drinking in some countries is a part of the culture. In Turkey(土耳其), tea is always there when people meet. Whether in someone’s home or a company, tea is always offered as a way of welcoming. In the UK, homes and offices usually have tea time. Tea and other dishes are served at tea time in the afternoon. It is a way of relaxing with friends or co-workers(同事).
Coffee came much later than tea, just over 1,000 years ago. Coffee is made from beans. Something in the coffee beans makes a person feel active. Most people do not drink coffee to relax. Instead, they drink coffee to get going. Many people drink coffee in the morning to help them wake up. Others will also drink coffee during short breaks in the afternoon to keep going through the working day. Some people may visit coffee shops just to meet and talk with friends. However, many people in coffee shops drink coffee while working on their computers.
Is tea or coffee more common in your country? Between the two, which do you like to drink more?
36．Where did tea drinking start?
A．In Japan. B．In China. C．In Turkey. D．In the UK.
37．We can learn from Paragraph 2 that people in the UK ________.
A．drink tea to get fat B．offer tea to say goodbye
C．think of tea as a bad drink D．have tea to relax themselves
38．What is coffee made from?
A．Leaves. B．Sugar. C．Dishes. D．Beans.
39．Which of the following is NOT true according to Paragraph 3?
A．Coffee came much earlier than tea.
B．Many people drink coffee to wake up.
C．Many people work on their computers in coffee shops.
D．Some people meet and talk with friends in coffee shops.
40．What is the best title of the passage?
A．The Smells of Tea and Coffee B．The Prices of Tea and Coffee
C．The Different Cultures of Tea and Coffee D．The Different Ways of Making Tea and Coffee
【答案】36．B
37．D
38．D
39．A
40．C
【解析】
【导语】
本文主要介绍了茶和咖啡的不同文化。
36．
细节理解题。根据“Tea drinking started in China over 4,000 years ago.”可知，饮茶起源于4000多年前的中国。故选B。
37．
细节理解题。根据“It is a way of relaxing with friends or co-workers(同事).”可知，在英国喝茶是一种和朋友或同事一起放松的方式。故选D。
38．
细节理解题。根据“Coffee is made from beans.”可知，咖啡是由豆子制成的。故选D。
39．
细节理解题。根据“Coffee came much later than tea”可知，咖啡的出现比茶晚得多。故选A。
40．
最佳标题题。根据第一段内容可知，本文主要介绍了茶和咖啡的不同文化。故选C。


（三十五）（2022·云南·中考真题）
We know many musical instruments well, such as pianos, violins, drums and so on. What about the erhu? The erhu is a traditional Chinese instrument. It is the most popular of the huqin family, and it has a long history.
The modern erhu developed from the xiqin, which was played by many ethnic minorities (少数民族) during the Tang Dynasty. In the Song Dynasty, musicians began to use the erhu to perform different kinds of music, and it became quite a popular instrument. With the rise of some forms of folk art, the art of the erhu developed quickly during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. It became an important accompanying (伴奏) instrument in different folk music. At present, it is used in both traditional and modern music, such as in pop, rock and jazz. It has even become a solo (独奏) instrument. One of the most famous musical pieces played on the erhu is Erquan Yingyue.
As the erhu was mainly played by common people and the playing skills were passed down orally (口头地), there are few written records about the erhu that can be found. To study the history and the development of the erhu, historians (历史学者) usually turn to ancient paintings. The earliest pictures of this instrument were found in Yulin Caves and Eastern Thousand Buddha Caves in Gansu Province, where five erhu pictures were discovered on murals (壁画).
26．When did the erhu become a popular instrument?
A．In the Tang Dynasty. B．In the Song Dynasty.
C．In the Ming Dynasty. D．In recent years.
27．To study the history of the erhu, historians usually ________.
A．play the most famous erhu pieces B．listen to different kinds of folk music
C．get help from ancient paintings D．read some books about ethnic minorities
28．Which is TRUE according to the passage?
A．The huqin belongs to the erhu family.
B．Folk art stops the development of the erhu.
C．People can find plenty of written records about the erhu.
D．The erhu is used in both traditional and modern music now.
29．You may read the passage in the ________ section of a newspaper.
A．culture B．business C．health D．nature
30．The passage mainly talks about ________.
A．the forms of folk music B．the history of the erhu
C．the rise of different dynasties D．the development of Chinese instruments
【答案】26．B
27．C
28．D
29．A
30．B
【解析】
【导语】
本文主要介绍了二胡的起源和发展。
26．
细节理解题。根据“In the Song Dynasty, musicians began to use the erhu to perform different kinds of music, and it became quite a popular instrument”可知，到了宋朝，它成为一种相当流行的乐器，故选B。
27．
细节理解题。根据“To study the history and the development of the erhu, historians (历史学者) usually turn to ancient paintings”可知，为了研究二胡的历史和发展，历史学家通常会研究古代绘画，故选C。
28．
推理判断题。根据“t present, it is used in both traditional and modern music”可知，二胡现在在传统音乐和现代音乐中都有使用，D表述正确，故选D。
29．
推理判断题。本文主要介绍了二胡的起源和发展，属于文化类，故选A。
30．
主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了二胡的起源和发展，故选B。


（三十六）（2022·云南·中考真题）
Wukong, Tiangong, Tianwen… Do you know where the names of Chinese space programs come from?
Wukong, the Dark Matter Particle Explorer satellite (暗物质粒子探测卫星), is named after Chinese superhero Monkey King. According to Journey to the West, Monkey King has a pair of sharp eyes which can tell the difference between good and evil. The Wukong satellite is just as sharp-eyed as Monkey King to help scientists search for dark matter in space.
The name of the space station, Tiangong, means “Heavenly Palace”. In Chinese myths, this is the home of Tian Di. Now Tiangong Space Station is a home for Chinese astronauts in space. And China welcomes foreign astronauts to Tiangong so that they can work together.
Tianwen, China’s Mars missions (任务), gets its name from the poem Tianwen by Qu Yuan. Qu Yuan is a well-known poet from ancient China. In Tianwen, he had the questions about the sky, stars, nature, myths and the real world, showing his hunger for truth. Perhaps the Tianwen missions will end up answering some of Qu Yuan’s questions.
If you look into more names of Chinese space programs, you will find that they all have beautiful meanings. We, the Chinese people, have a long-cherished (珍藏已久的) space dream. So the naming of Chinese space programs is taken very seriously.
31．What is the Wukong satellite used for?
A．Answering some of Qu Yuan’s questions.
B．Finding the difference between good and evil.
C．Helping scientists search for dark matter in space.
D．Welcoming foreign astronauts to the space station.
32．The underlined word “myths” in Paragraph 3 means “________” in Chinese.
A．诗歌 B．神话 C．谚语 D．传记
33．The name of China’s Mars missions is from ________.
A．Qu Yuan’s poem Tianwen B．an ancient novel
C．ancient Chinese myths D．Journey to the West
34．Why do we take the naming of Chinese space programs seriously?
A．We want to land on Mars. B．We want to protect the Earth.
C．We have the hunger for truth. D．We have a dream for space.
35．Which can be the best title for the passage?
A．What Beautiful Names B．What a Cherished Star
C．What Excellent Poems D．What a Long Journey
【答案】31．C
32．B
33．A
34．D
35．A
【解析】
【导语】
本文主要介绍了太空项目命名的由来。
31．
细节理解题。根据“The Wukong satellite is just as sharp-eyed as Monkey King to help scientists search for dark matter in space”可知，它用来帮助科学家寻找太空中的暗物质，故选C。
32．
词义猜测题。根据“In Chinese myths, this is the home of Tian Di”可知，天帝是中国的神话传说，所以myths表示“神话”，故选B。
33．
细节理解题。根据“Tianwen, China’s Mars missions (任务), gets its name from the poem Tianwen by Qu Yuan”可知，得名于屈原的《天问》，故选A。
34．
细节理解题。根据“We, the Chinese people, have a long-cherished (珍藏已久的) space dream. So the naming of Chinese space programs is taken very seriously”可知，中国人民有着长久以来的太空梦。 因此，中国太空计划的命名受到了非常认真的对待，故选D。
35．
最佳标题题。本文主要介绍了太空项目命名的由来，A选项“多么优美的名字”符合本文标题，故选A。


（三十七）（2022·浙江湖州·中考真题）
The Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics has already come to an end, and Chinese athletes (运动员) have made great achievements. But how will the stadiums (场馆) be used after the Olympics?
The designers have already considered that question in their designs (设计). The plan is to let the stadiums serve common people and increase their interest in winter sports. Just as one of the designers of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics said, “The stadiums can not only serve professional athletes in the games, but also serve the public after the games. ”
For example, the professional ice race lanes (车道) for athletes are 121 meters high and are not fit for amateurs. So the National Ski and Sleigh Center has kept a special lane for common sport-lovers. The height of the lane is about 40 meters. This can make sure they will stay safe.
The National Ski Jumping Center in Zhangjiakou, Hebei Province will continue being open to the public for skiing in winter and jogging in summer. In fact, people can make use of the stadiums all year round. On the top of the center, people can walk and enjoy the beautiful scenery. There is also a standard football field that can hold 6,000 people. Even concerts and cultural fairs can be held there as well.
Time will tell whether the stadiums can be really made good use of after, the Olympic Games. In China, 300 million people have already taken part in ice and snow sports because of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics. Hopefully, that number will continue to rise with plans like these. After all, snow and ice sports belong not only to talented professional athletes, but also to everyone interested in them.
22．The underlined word “ amateurs ” in Paragraph 3 probably refers to people who ______ .
A．design the stadiums B．compete in the Olympics
C．do sports for enjoyment D．work for the Winter Olympics
23．It can be learned from the passage that ______ .
A．the special ice race lane is 40 meters lower
B．the stadiums will be used two seasons a year
C．the football field in the center can hold 6,000 people
D．300 million people watched the Beijing Winter Olympics
24．The passage mainly tells ______ .
A．why more Olympic stadiums will be built
B．how the Olympic stadiums will be made full use of
C．what will be done to prepare for the Olympic Games
D．how athletes are encouraged to make greater achievements
【答案】22．C
23．C
24．B
【解析】
【导语】
本文介绍了冬奥会之后的一些体育场将如何使用的情况。
22．
词义猜测题。根据“So the National Ski and Sleigh Center has kept a special lane for common sport-lovers. The height of the lane is about 40 meters. This can make sure they will stay safe.”可知，运动员的专业冰上跑道高121米，不适合业余运动员。因此，国家滑雪和雪橇中心为普通运动爱好者保留了一条专用车道。车道的高度约为40米。这可以确保他们的安全。所以单词“amateurs”指的是“业余爱好者”，故选C。
23．
细节理解题。根据“On the top of the center, people can walk and enjoy the beautiful scenery. There is also a standard football field that can hold 6,000 people.”可知，有一个可容纳6000人的标准足球场，故选C。
24．
主旨大意题。根据“The Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics has already come to an end, and Chinese athletes (运动员) have made great achievements. But how will the stadiums (场馆) be used after the Olympics?”及整个文章的理解可知，主要是介绍冬奥会结束后，如何充分利用奥运场馆，故选B。



（三十八）（2022·浙江金华·中考真题）
Many people may wonder what the three Chinese astronauts’ life was like when working in space. In fact, they did many of the things as we do on Earth.
They brush their teeth, wash their hair and go to the bathroom. However, because of the microgravity（失重）environment, they take care of themselves in different ways. They wash their hair by using the norinse shampoo to get it clean because there are no real showers in the spaceship.
Astronauts eat three meals a day: breakfast, lunch and dinner. But how much they eat depends on the astronauts. A small woman astronaut often needs only about 1,900 calories（卡路里）a day, while a large man requires about 3,200 calories. So there are many kinds of foods ready, such as fruits, nuts, chicken, beef and seafood. They can also drink coffee, tea and orange juice.
Astronauts can have much fun, too. They look out of the window, enjoying the wonderful sunsets and sunrises which happen every 45 minutes. Very often, they play with their food or even jokes on their workmates. Believe it or not, astronauts can even spend weekends, when they can watch movies, play music, read books and talk to their families.
After a long day at work, ________. Just like on Earth, an astronaut goes to bed at a certain time, then wakes up and prepares for work again. But there are a few differences. Astronauts have to sleep in sleeping bags in special cabins（柜子）. Generally, astronauts are planned to have eight hours of sleep. Like on Earth, they may wake up in the middle of their sleep to use the toilet. And astronauts also have dreams.
As for Wang Yaping, she had another experience—preparing for lessons for the Chinese students far down on Earth.
23．The passage mainly talks about ________.
A．how astronauts work in space B．what it is like inside a spaceship
C．what kind of people can be astronauts D．astronauts’ daily life in the spaceship
24．From the passage we can learn that astronauts ________.
A．have to take showers every two days B．are not allowed to play jokes in space
C．can have many kinds of foods for their meals D．seldom have dreams when they sleep in space
25．Which of the following can be put in the ________ in Paragraph 5?
A．it is time to make a phone call B．reading is what an astronaut needs
C．listening to music sounds like a good idea D．nothing is better than a good night’s sleep
26．What was Wang Yaping’s special experience in space?
A．Making different kinds of foods. B．Taking care of the other astronauts.
C．Writing a report about space travel. D．Giving a lesson to students on Earth.
【答案】23．D
24．C
25．D
26．D
【解析】
【导语】
本文主要介绍了太空中的生活是什么样的。
23．
主旨大意题。根据“Many people may wonder what the three Chinese astronauts’ life was like when working in space”以及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了太空中的生活是什么样的。故选D。
24．
细节理解题。根据“So there are many kinds of foods ready”可知宇航员有很多种类的食物可以吃。故选C。
25．
推理判断题。根据“After a long day at work...Just like on Earth, an astronaut goes to bed at a certain time”可知在一天的工作之后，宇航员会去睡觉，选项D“没有什么比睡个好觉更好的了”放空格处更合适。故选D。
26．
细节理解题。根据“she had another experience—preparing for lessons for the Chinese students far down on Earth”可知王亚平的特殊经历是为远在地球上的中国学生备课。故选D。


（三十九）（2022·浙江金华·中考真题）
①Have you ever shown your photos on your favorite social media（媒体）? Or have you expressed your feelings and emotions on your online page? If yes, do you know what you have posted on the social medias can cause problems you could not expect?
②Cathy, who is going to be fifteen, posted online an invitation to her birthday party with her address in it. And guess what! 500 people came to the party, and some even broke the windows and plants, making a total mess of the house. The girl’s birthday party turned into a nightmare（噩梦）.
③Many teenagers（青少年）think they know everything about social media, and that such a thing could never happen to them. Studies show that each year more than three million young people in the world get into trouble because of their online activities.
④So do remember these if you really want to share something online.
⑤Share with care! Not everyone will like what you write online. Think before you post anything. You never know who sees your texts, pictures or videos. Before clicking “post”, you should ask yourself, “How will I feel if my family or teachers see this?” and “How might this post be bad for me in five or ten years from now?”
⑥Be polite when you write! Imagine someone is unfriendly in real life. The same is true of online communication. No one likes it when you “shout” in your messages. If you feel angry or frustrated while you’re writing a message, wait a bit. Read it again later and then send it.
⑦Protect and respect! Never share your passwords with anyone. It’s not wise to post your home or email address online. Don’t say bad things about people. If you get messages like that or see them online, talk to your parents or your teachers.
⑧I’d say none of these things promises 100% online safety, but each will help you to be safer.
27．The writer starts to introduce the topic by ________.
A．telling stories B．giving examples C．asking questions D．sharing experiences
28．The party turned into a nightmare because Cathy ________.
A．made a total mess of the house. B．shared the photos of her house online
C．invited hundrends of people to her party D．posted an invitation with her address online
29．The writer uses the mark “!” in the underlined sentences of Paragraphs 5~7 to ________.
A．draw the readers’ attention B．give orders that readers should follow
C．express the strong feelings of worry D．give the decisions that have been made
30．What does the writer mean by saying the last sentence?
A．You should spend much less time online.
B．It’s necessary to think before you act online.
C．You have to make a promise before you go online.
D．If you want to be safer online, do as the writer suggests.
【答案】27．C
28．D
29．A
30．B
【解析】
【导语】
本文以Cathy为例，介绍了在社交媒体上分享照片的危害，并介绍了如何在分享照片同时保护自己安全的建议。
27．
推理判断题。根据第一段的三个问句可知，作者是通过问问题来引出主题，故选C。
28．
细节理解题。根据“Cathy, who is going to be fifteen, posted online an invitation to her birthday party with her address in it”可知，因为她在社交媒体上发布了这个派对的地址，而导致让这场派对成为了一个噩梦，故选D。
29．
推理判断题。根据“So do remember these if you really want to share something online”及下文介绍的内容可知，以下是介绍了保护自己安全的建议，加这个符号的目的是为了吸引读者的注意，故选A。
30．
推理判断题。根据“I’d say none of these things promises 100% online safety, but each will help you to be safer”可知，作者提供的这些建议会让你更安全，目的是为了让你在社交媒体上发布照片之前要三思而后行，故选B。


（四十）（2022·浙江丽水·中考真题）
If you find a fun and free activity at the weekend, then a Parkrun event is great for you, your family and friends. More than 2.5 million people in about 750 places around the world have run, jogged, walked or used a wheelchair to complete a Parkrun since it started 18 years ago.
Some people treat it like a race, but most enjoy just being outside, getting exercise and having a nice time with others. Parkruns and Junior Parkruns are set up in safe open places such as beaches, fields, forests and parks.
Parkruns happen on a Saturday and there are often special Parkruns on Christmas and New Year’s Day. A Parkrun covers a distance of 5 km and runners must register (注册) once online before going for a run. Registering gives you a barcode(special printed numbers readable by a computer), which means your time is recorded when you do a Parkrun. Parkrun is fun for all ages, but if you are under 11, you must run with an adult.
Junior Parkruns happen on Sundays over a distance of 2 km and you need a registration and a barcode for those, too. You must be aged between 4 and 14 and you don’t have to run with an adult. Although adults can run and support you, they are asked not to run across the finish line. After completing 11, 21, 50 and then 100 Junior Parkruns, you can get a different coloured wristband to mark your achievement.
A teen runner Ralph says, “Junior Parkrun at the park in my neighborhood is a weekly highlight. I love all sports, but I find doing Parkrun every week builds up my fitness and energy. Run, jog or walk—Parkrun is a free, fun and friendly activity. It’s great meeting up with my friends and running the 2 km every week together.”
With the help of an adult, head to tinyurl.com/TWJ- parkrun for information and to find a Parkrun that takes place near you.
19．According to the passage, most people take part in Parkruns to ________.
A．win prizes in the park B．make friends and help others
C．stay with their families D．have fun and take exercise outside
20．Compared to Parkruns, Junior Parkruns ________.
A．welcome more people of all ages
B．cover a much shorter distance
C．are held in safer and opener places
D．need a registration for more barcodes
21．In Paragraph 5, Ralph mainly talks about ________.
A．why he likes Parkruns B．where he does Parkruns
C．who he runs Parkruns with D．when he taken part in Parkruns
22．The writer writes the passage to ________.
A．share the long history of Parkruns
B．encourage teenagers to do Parkruns
C．invite people to compete in Parkruns
D．ask adults to become Parkrur volunteers
【答案】19．D
20．B
21．A
22．B
【解析】
【导语】
本文讲述了公园跑这项运动，介绍它的参赛方式，要求以及获得的乐趣。
19．
细节理解题。根据“Some people treat it like a race, but most enjoy just being outside, getting exercise and having a nice time with others”可知，大部分人参加这项跑步是为了在户外锻炼身体以及获得乐趣，故选D。
20．
细节理解题。根据“A Parkrun covers a distance of 5 km”以及“Junior Parkruns happen on Sundays over a distance of 2 km”可知，初级的公园跑的距离更短一些，故选B。
21．
主旨大意题。根据“I love all sports, but I find doing Parkrun every week builds up my fitness and energy”可知，此段主要是Ralph讲述自己喜欢公园跑的原因，故选A。
22．
主旨大意题。本文是公园跑这项运动的广告信息，介绍了这种运动的好处，目的是为了鼓励青少年参与进来，故选B。


（四十一）（2022·浙江丽水·中考真题）
When you, as a child, first picked up a crayon, a line might have been the first mark you make. You use lines to write numbers, symbols, and the letters of the alphabet. The lines on a map help you find the best route from one place to another. You use lines to draw pictures.
▲ You can see lines in the grain (纹理) of a piece of wood or in the cracks on a sidewalk. You can see lines outside a building or in the field. Lines are used to create words, numbers, and symbols. They are also used to create art. In drawing, line is an element (要素) of art that is the path of a moving point through space.
Artists use lines to lead your eyes through a work of art. They create lines in many ways. A line can be drawn on paper with a pencil or scratched into wet clay with stick. Depending on its direction, a line can express different ideas or feelings. This is why line is an important element in the language of art.
Lines are used to express different images in Chinese calligraphic drawing. The word calligraphy means beautiful handwriting. In China, calligraphy is used to form characters (汉字) that represent the language. However, characters are more than just a letter of the alphabet. They are like pictures. They can represent an idea, an object, or a verbal sound. Calligraphic lines are usually made with brushstrokes that change from thin to thick in one stroke. To make a very thin line, artists use the tip of the brush. As you press on the brush and more of it touches the paper, the line becomes wider. (See the painting on the right, the long, flowing leaves of the orchid [兰花] plant in the rocks are made with one flowing brushstroke. )   
Now practice making calligraphic lines with ink or watercolor paint. Use brushes, both thin and thick, to draw a leaf or a vegetable with lines.
23．The passage mainly talks about ________.
A．lines B．calligraphy C．paintings D．brushstrokes
24．Which of the following can be put in ▲ in Paragraph 2 as a topic sentence?
A．Artists love lines. B．Paintings need lines.
C．Lines are everywhere. D．Lines can do everything.
25．Chinese calligraphic drawing is used as a(n) ________ in the passage.
A．reason B．example C．method D．opinion
26．The passage is most probably taken from a textbook of ________.
A．history B．math C．art D．science
【答案】23．A
24．C
25．B
26．C
【解析】
【导语】
本文主要介绍了线条在艺术和书法上的作用。
23．
主旨大意题。本文主要围绕“线条”来展开描述，故选A。
24．
推理判断题。根据“You can see lines in the grain (纹理) of a piece of wood or in the cracks on a sidewalk. You can see lines outside a building or in the field”可知，线条无处不在，你到处都能看到线条，故选C。
25．
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段内容可知，文章以中国书法为例，来解释线条表达的不同内容，故选B。
26．
推理判断题。本文主要介绍了线条在艺术和书法上的作用，属于艺术范畴，故选C。


（四十二）（2022·浙江绍兴·中考真题）
During work hours, among the sounds of machines, the kitchen of Bach’s Bakery (面包房) is especially tidy and quiet, not because of any rules against talking during work hours, but because all of the workers have a hearing disability. They are hard-working and professional in their work, and use sign language to communicate with each other from time to time.
Bach’s Bakery lies in Changsha City, Hunan Province. It is run by a German couple, Uwe Brutzer and his wife Dorothee Brutzer, who started it up ten years ago with the purpose of creating more jobs for those disabled in the neighborhood. So far, Bach’s Bakery has trained around 30 hearing disabled people. While some skilled workers found jobs in other bakeries and hotels and have been able to live on their own, several of them have stayed to work at the bakery after they completed the training.
The Brutzers’ work has won the support of many people in China. With the spread of news about the bakery, many Internet users learned about Bach’s Bakery and its inspiring story. As a result, many local people in Changsha as well as visitors from other parts of the country come to buy their products, Uwe said that public attention has encouraged them a lot and helped grow the bakery’s business, resulting in workers getting higher pay. However, what he values more is that, through media (媒体) reports, more people have come to understand that disabled people can work as well as other people when they are given chances.
Now, as they are preparing to return to Germany, they have found a German couple teaching in China as the new managers, and handed over the bakery to a public welfare (福利) organization. Their wish is to continue providing free training for the hearing disabled and that the bakery will never be changed into a shop with moneymaking as its main goal.
19．The workers in Bach’s Bakery use sign language because ________.
A．their boss doesn’t allow them to talk B．machines make too much noise
C．they can’t communicate in spoken words D．heavy work keeps them too busy to speak
20．It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that Bach’s Bakery ________.
A．also offers jobs to people outside Hunan B．helps its workers live independently
C．requires its workers not to leave after training D．has more than 30 workers now
21．In Uwe’s opinion, the greatest value of public attention is that ________.
A．disabled workers are paid more B．his shop becomes more popular
C．the disabled are better understood D．sales of their products get stronger
22．What’s the best title for the passage?
A．A Silent Bakery B．A Special Wish C．The Success of the Disabled D．The Rules of Bach’s Bakery
【答案】19．C
20．B
21．C
22．A
【解析】
【导语】
本文主要介绍了一个员工都是听力障碍者的面包房，它给这些残疾人提供了独立生活的机会。
19．
细节理解题。根据“but because all of the workers have a hearing disability. They are hard-working and professional in their work, and use sign language to communicate with each other from time to time”可知他们用手语交流，因为他们都是听力障碍者，不能用口语交流。故选C。
20．
推理判断题。根据“While some skilled workers found jobs in other bakeries and hotels and have been able to live on their own,”可知一些技术工人在其他面包店和酒店找到了工作并且已经能够自己生活。故选B。
21．
细节理解题。根据“However, what he values more is that, through media (媒体) reports, more people have come to understand that disabled people can work as well as other people when they are given chances”可知他更看重的是，通过媒体的报道让更多的人了解到残疾人在有机会的情况下可以和其他人一样工作。故选C。
22．
最佳标题题。本文主要介绍了一个员工都是听力障碍者的面包房，它给这些残疾人提供了独立生活的机会，以选项A“一个沉默的面包房”为标题更合适。故选A。


（四十三）（2022·浙江绍兴·中考真题）
“I wish I had straight hair”; “I’d like to be taller”. At times, we all want to look a bit more like someone else. However, the pictures we see on TV and social media can give us improper ideas about how our bodies “should” look. The truth is that everybody is different — and that’s a good thing. Accepting and feeling good about our bodies is really important for our self confidence (自信).
Body confidence is when someone accepts and behaves kindly towards their body. That includes our size and shape, skin color, appearance and any physical disabilities. Jade Parnell from the Centre for Appearance Research (CAR), says that having body confidence is “about being accepting of your body and what it does for you”.
If you feel positively (积极地) about your body, you are more likely to take care of it. Research has even shown that you are more likely to take part in activities and perform well in school. However, feeling agitated about your body could make you step back, do less well at school and even feel down. Parnell says that the cost of trying to achieve the “perfect” appearance is high. She says, “If you re spending a lot of time trying to look a certain way, you will have less time to spend with friends and to make important memories.”
It’s important to remember that everybody is different. To develop a positive body image, Parnell says, “Try to talk positively about your own body and other people’s bodies. Try not to pay too much attention to appearance. Instead, think about what your body does for you; do your legs make you run really fast?” She also suggests treating your body well by eating different kinds of foods, exercising to feel good and to have fun, and getting plenty of sleep. Remember that you are more than how you look.
23．The writer thinks that the pictures on TV and social media ________.
A．are perfect for people to follow B．may spread wrong ideas of looks
C．imply everyone is different D．show people how to behave kindly
24．The underlined word “agitated” probably means “________”.
A．scared B．serious C．careless D．worried
25．Parnell will agree that you should ________.
A．accept your body as it is B．avoid talking about others’ bodies
C．spend more money on your appearance D．remember what you used to be like
26．What is the main purpose of the passage?
A．To encourage readers to take more exercise. B．To remind readers not to eat too much food.
C．To lead readers to build up body confidence. D．To advise readers to treat their friends well.
【答案】23．B
24．D
25．A
26．C
【解析】
【导语】
本文主要介绍了我们要积极地看待自己的身体，要有身体自信。
23．
细节理解题。根据“However, the pictures we see on TV and social media can give us improper ideas about how our bodies “should” look”可知我们在电视和社交媒体上看到的图片可能会给我们传递错误的外貌观念。故选B。
24．
词义猜测题。根据“feeling agitated about your body could make you step back, do less well at school and even feel down”可知你会后退，在学校表现不佳，甚至感到沮丧，是因为你担心你的身体，故此处划线部分意为“担心”。故选D。
25．
细节理解题。根据“that having body confidence is “about being accepting of your body and what it does for you”.”可知Parnell认为要接受自己的身体原本的样子。故选A。
26．
主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了我们要积极地看待自己的身体，要有身体自信。故选C。


（四十四）（2022·浙江绍兴·中考真题）
If you look around the room you are in right now, you’ll probably notice a number of electronics. But can you imagine if they all had to be joined together by wires (电线)? Picture the wire snaking along the floor, for example, from your smartphone to your speaker, or connecting your game controller to the computer screen, meaning you could never sit more than a couple of meters away from it. A world of electronics connected by wires wouldn’t just be untidy, but a possible danger, too. That’s where Bluetooth comes in. We’ve all heard of it — but what exactly is it?
Bluetooth is a method of short-distance (短距离) wireless communication between electronics that makes use of the power of radio waves. The idea was first thought of by Dr. Janp Haartsen at Swedish mobile company Ericsson in 1994. Things really stepped up in September 1998 when the Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG) was set up to develop and spread the technology. Bluetooth 1.0 came out in 1999, and a year later it began to be used in mobile phones and desktop computers. Now Bluetooth has become an increasingly popular way of solving the problem of more and more electronics needing to be connected. without having to connect everything together with wires.
But if you look at the remote control (温控器) you use to choose the program on TV, you might rightly ask yourself why Bluetooth was such a big deal. After all, connecting objects with infrared signals (红外信号) which can’t be seen had been done before. The problem with remote controls is that they need to keep what is called “line of sight”. If something is standing between the remote control and receiver, it won’t work. Because Bluetooth uses radio waves, the things standing in the way are no longer a problem.
Since its creation in the late 1990s, the technology has become more and more improved and widely used, with the 4 billionth Bluetooth objects shipped in 2020.
27．How does the writer lead in the topic “Bluetooth” in Paragraph 1?
A．By describing scenes. B．By comparing facts. C．By telling stories. D．By explaining reasons.
28．With the setting up of SIG, Bluetooth ________.
A．started to be used in cars B．made radio waves known to people
C．improved and spread quickly D．was able to connect all electronics
29．From Paragraph 3, we mainly get to know the ________ of Bluetooth.
A．development B．popularity C．standard D．advantage
30．________ will most probably be interested in this text.
A．Phone sellers B．Technology fans C．Newspaper reporters D．History lovers
【答案】27．A
28．C
29．D
30．B
【解析】
【导语】
本文主要介绍了蓝牙的发展过程。
27．
推理判断题。根据“If you look around the room you are in right now, you’ll probably notice a number of electronics...”可知第一段描述了一个由电线连接的电子世界，不仅不整洁，而且也很危险，由此引出了本文的话题——蓝牙，所以作者通过描述一个场景引出话题。故选A。
28．
细节理解题。根据“Things really stepped up in September 1998 when the Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG) was set up to develop and spread the technology”可知蓝牙特别兴趣小组 (SIG) 用以开发和传播该技术。故选C。
29．
主旨大意题。根据“But if you look at the remote control (温控器) you use to choose the program on TV, you might rightly ask yourself why Bluetooth was such a big deal”以及本段内容可知，本段主要介绍了蓝牙的优势。故选D。
30．
推理判断题。本文主要介绍了蓝牙的发展过程，所以科技爱好者会对这篇文章感兴趣。故选B。


（四十五）（2022·四川乐山·中考真题）
Do you think only humans are crazy about electronic products? You are wrong. 12 zoos in the United States and Canada have carried out (实施) a programme called Apps for Apes (大猩猩). It has found that the apes are also interested in playing iPads.
“We find that, similar to people, the apes like touching the screen and watching short videos,” said Richard Zimmerman, a manager of the programme.
The apes in these zoos can play iPads twice a week. Every time, they spend from 15 minutes to half an hour using different apps in iPads. They are most interested in apps for children, such as drawing, music and memory games.
Zimmerman said, “It’s like when we’re showing pop-up books (立体书) to children. The apes are among the most intelligent (智能的) animals, they are as clever as young children.”
The workers in the zoo are also studying how communication apps can help the apes better. “We find that an ape has a toothache. He would be able to touch a picture of a tooth on the iPad and communicate in that way,” said Zimmerman.
The programme wants to make people pay attention to the living problems of apes in the wild. The apes are in danger because people cut down too many forests.
36．How many times can the apes play iPads in a week?
A．Two times. B．Three times. C．Four times.
37．Which of the following apps can make apes most interested in?
A．Working. B．Shopping. C．Painting.
38．What can we learn about apes from the article?
A．Apes can make pop-up books.
B．Apes are as smart as young children.
C．Apes use apps to protect themselves.
39．How does the ape communicate when it has a toothache?
A．By touching the picture. B．By telling the doctor. C．By showing its nose.
40．Where is this article most probably from?
A．A magazine about children. B．A magazine about animals. C．A magazine about hobbies.
【答案】36．A
37．C
38．B
39．A
40．B
【解析】
【导语】
本文主要讲述了猩猩也对玩iPad感兴趣，通过此次试验，想让人们关注野生猿类的生存问题。
36．
细节理解题。根据“The apes in these zoos can play iPads twice a week.”可知，这些动物园里的猩猩每周可以玩两次iPad。故选A。
37．
细节理解题。根据“They are most interested in apps for children, such as drawing, music and memory games.”可知，他们最感兴趣的是针对儿童的应用程序，如绘画、音乐和记忆游戏。故选C。
38．
细节理解题。根据“The apes are among the most intelligent (智能的) animals, they are as clever as young children.”可知，猿类是最聪明的动物之一，它们和小孩子一样聪明。故选B。
39．
细节理解题。根据“We find that an ape has a toothache. He would be able to touch a picture of a tooth on the iPad and communicate in that way”可知，他可以触摸iPad上的牙齿图片，并通过这种方式进行交流。故选A。
40．
推理判断题。根据全文内容可知，科学家通过实验发现，猩猩也对玩iPad感兴趣，因此文章与动物有关，故选B。


（四十六）（2022·四川泸州·中考真题）
March 21 is World Sleep Day. Here are some facts about sleep.
Sleep at advised times
In 2021, the Ministry of Education（MOE）advised that junior and senior high school students should go to bed before 10 pm and 11 pm respectively（分别的）.
How do astronauts sleep
Just like on Earth, a person in space goes to bed at night and then wakes up the next day. But in space there is no up or down, and you do not feel the pull of gravity（重力）. As a result, astronauts usually sleep in fixed sleeping bags.
Earworms happen while sleeping
Some people enjoy listening to music a lot. While we’re awake, the music we know well keeps ringing in our ears, which is called earworms（耳虫现象）. This can happen during sleep as well, which could cause problems in getting to sleep and staying asleep.
Sleep with your pet
Pets, like dogs and cats, do not sleep continuously and they will often get up and walk on the bed, which can make you sleep even worse.
But recent studies found that having pets in the bed may help people who are often worried. The pets, like soft toys, can help cut down their worry.
Socks can help us sleep
Studies have shown that wearing socks to bed can help you fall asleep faster!
Hands and feet help exchange（交换）heat between the far ends of the body and the heart. Wearing socks means an increase of blood to your hands and feet, which cuts down your core（核心的）body temperature. The lower the core body temperature is, the faster you fall asleep.
41．According to MOE, junior high school students should _________.
A．go to bed before 10 pm B．go to bed before 11 pm
C．sleep at least 10 hours a day D．sleep at least 11 hours a day
42．Why do astronauts sleep in fixed sleeping bags?
A．Because there is no bed in the space station. B．Because there is no pull of gravity in space.
C．Because sleeping bags are comfortable. D．Because the spaceship is too small.
43．According to the passage, earworms can ________.
A．be bad for sleep quality B．improve music ability
C．help people fall asleep quickly D．appear only during the day
44．How does wearing socks help us sleep?
A．By making feet warmer than hands. B．By increasing blood to hands and feet.
C．By making core body temperature higher. D．By exchanging heat between hands and feet.
45．Which of the following statements about sleep is true according to the passage?
A．World Sleep Day falls in the fifth month each year.
B．The sleeping bag is the best choice for sleep.
C．Sleeping with pets helps worried people.
D．Music can help people sleep longer.
【答案】41．A
42．B
43．A
44．B
45．C
【解析】
【导语】
本文主要介绍了关于睡眠的一些事实。
41．
细节理解题。根据“junior and senior high school students should go to bed before 10 pm”可知初中生晚上10点前要睡觉。故选A。
42．
细节理解题。根据“you do not feel the pull of gravity（重力）. As a result, astronauts usually sleep in fixed sleeping bags”可知太空中没有重力，所以宇航员睡在睡袋里。故选B。
43．
细节理解题。根据“This can happen during sleep as well, which could cause problems in getting to sleep and staying asleep”可知耳虫现象会造成睡觉问题，所以对睡眠质量有不好的影响。故选A。
44．
细节理解题。根据“Wearing socks means an increase of blood to your hands and feet”可知穿袜子意味着手脚血液增加，这会降低你的核心体温。故选B。
45．
细节理解题。根据“But recent studies found that having pets in the bed may help people who are often worried”可知和宠物睡觉可能会帮助那些经常担心的人。故选C。


（四十七）（2022·四川泸州·中考真题）
China will have 75 percent of its wild animals on land under the national key protection system by 2025, the National Forestry and Grassland Administration（国家林业和草原局）said. Its announcement took place on Sunday, which happened to be the International Day for Biological Diversity（多样性）.
The administration said that part of China’s achievements in protecting wild animals lie in setting wild animals into nature reserves（保护区）after human breeding（繁殖）. It said that nine milu deer（麋鹿）recently came into the world in the Daqingshan National Nature Reserve in Inner Mongolia. They are babies of the milu deer, or Pere David’s deer, who were set into the wild in September following human breeding in Beijing and Jiangsu province.
According to the administration, human breeding has helped to increase the population of some animal kinds that had before disappeared in the wild, such as milu deer and Przewalski’s horses. There are now around 10,000 milu deer and around 700 Przewalski’s horses. As for other wild populations, the giant panda population has increased from 1,114 in the 1980s to 1,864. The number of wild Asian elephants has increased from about 180 to 300 over the same period.
The administration plans to improve the protection of wild animals—including giant pandas, Siberian tigers, Asian elephants, and snow leopards.
At the same time, the government has made more efforts to punish unlawful trading in wildlife, which also helps with the increase of wild animals.
46．How many kinds of wild animals are mentioned in the passage?
A．5. B．6. C．7. D．8.
47．What was the population of wild Asian elephants in the 1980s?
A．About 120. B．About 180. C．About 700. D．About 1,114.
48．What do we know about milu deer from the passage?
A．Milu deer once disappeared in the wild.
B．Nine milu deer were set into the wild in September.
C．75 percent of milu deer are being protected by the nation.
D．Human breeding plays the biggest part in their population increase.
49．According to the passage, what has China done to protect wild animals?
A．Planting more trees. B．Controlling human breeding.
C．Preventing unlawful selling and buying. D．Setting a national day for biological diversity.
50．What does the passage mainly want to tell us?
A．Human breeding. B．Animal diversity. C．Wildlife protection. D．Endangered animals.
【答案】46．B
47．B
48．A
49．C
50．C
【解析】
【导语】
本文主要介绍了中国加大力度对野生动物的保护，通过人工繁殖来增加濒临灭绝的动物，也加大了对野生动物非法交易的惩罚力度。
46．
细节理解题。根据“milu deer”“Przewalski’s horses”“giant panda”“Asian elephants”“Siberian tigers”以及“snow leopards”可知，一共提到了六种野生动物，故选B。
47．
细节理解题。根据“…in the 1980s to 1,864. The number of wild Asian elephants has increased from about 180 to 300 over the same period.”可知，在20世纪80年代野生亚洲象的数量约是180，故选B。
48．
细节理解题。根据“human breeding has helped to increase the population of some animal kinds that had before disappeared in the wild, such as milu deer and Przewalski’s horses”可知，麋鹿曾经在野外消失，故选A。
49．
细节理解题。根据“At the same time, the government has made more efforts to punish unlawful trading in wildlife, which also helps with the increase of wild animals”可知，政府加大了对野生动物非法交易的惩罚力度，这也有助于野生动物的增加，故选C。
50．
主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了中国通过人工繁殖以及加大对非法买卖的惩罚，来保护野生动物，故选C。


（四十八）（2022·四川眉山·中考真题）
For years, it has been said that newspapers are at death’s door. Each of the past few years has seen many newspapers say goodbye to their readers. But why is the situation so terrible for newspapers?
Newspapers have a long history. The first newspaper was printed in the 1600s. The industry experienced its most successful time in the early 20th century.
With the appearance of radio and TV, however, newspaper circulation（发行量）began to fall. By the mid-20 century, radio and TV had become so popular that people no longer had to depend on newspapers for news. This was especially true for the latest news.
Afternoon newspapers were the first to suffer. More and more people coming home from work turned on the TV, instead of opening a newspaper. But generally, newspapers still managed to survive（生存）. Although they couldn’t compete with TV in spreading the latest news, they could provide in-depth reports that TV news could not.
But newspapers suffered another heavier blow in the 1990s. With the appearance of the Internet, lots of information became free. Many newspaper readers realized that they could conveniently read news online for free. There seemed to be little reason any longer for them to pay for a newspaper.
So what will the future of newspapers be like? Will newspapers die? Maybe not. Many newspapers are now changing. Some are going digital（数字化的）. Some are going even farther by taking the industry to places it has never been to. After all, people still want the news. And many agree that newspapers are important for in-depth news and opinions. If newspapers were to completely disappear, there would be nothing to take their place.
23．When was the first newspaper printed?
A．In the 1600s. B．In the 1900s.
C．In the early 20th century. D．In the mid-20th century.
24．How did newspapers manage to survive against competition from TV?
A．By going digital. B．By working with TV.
C．By including more pictures. D．By focusing on in-depth reports.
25．Newspapers suffered again in the 1990s because ________.
A．people lost interest in reading news B．newspapers became more expensive
C．TV started to focus on in-depth news D．people could read news online for free
26．Which of the following would the writer most likely agree with?
A．The future of newspapers is hopeless. B．The future of newspapers is still uncertain.
C．Many newspapers will die in the near future. D．Afternoon newspapers will become popular again.
【答案】23．A
24．D
25．D
26．B
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了报纸的历史、兴衰、以及未来趋势。
23．
细节理解题。根据“The first newspaper was printed in the 1600s.”可知，第一份报纸印刷于17世纪。故选A。
24．
细节理解题。根据“Although they couldn’t compete with TV in spreading the latest news, they could provide in-depth reports that TV news could not.”可知，报纸能在电视的竞争中生存下来是因为它们可以提供电视新闻无法提供的深度报道。 故选D。
25．
细节理解题。根据“With the appearance of the Internet, lots of information became free. Many newspaper readers realized that they could conveniently read news online for free. There seemed to be little reason any longer for them to pay for a newspaper.”可知，20世纪90年代，报纸再次受挫，是因为人们可以免费在线阅读新闻，所以人们似乎再也没有理由为报纸付费了。故选D。
26．
推理判断题。根据“So what will the future of newspapers be like? Will newspapers die? Maybe not.”可知，作者认为报纸的未来是不确定的，故选B。


（四十九）（2022·四川眉山·中考真题）
Do you have difficulty falling asleep at night? If so, here is a piece of advice for you: Listen to some soft music.
Scientists have found that soft music can help to improve sleep quality and quantity（量）. This works for sleepers of all ages, and even for those with sleeping problems. Soft music can help us fall asleep better, wake up less during the night and feel more relaxed in the morning. You may not notice the effects（功效）overnight, though. It could take as many as 3 weeks to see any improvements.
Why can soft music help us sleep better? The reasons aren’t clear yet. It may connect with the relaxing effect of a good song. Music can have real physical effects, too. Soft music can lower our heart rate（心率）and slow down our breathing. This prepares us for sleep.
Scientists say that for most people, music that has 70 beats（节拍）per minute（bpm）works best. Classical, jazz and folk music are usually more effective than other musical styles. Familiar songs work well, too. You may need to test to make your own playlists. If you are not sure how many beats a song has in a minute, you can find out by entering its title into songbpm.com. And remember to get volume（音量）right. Make sure that the final piece is gradually slowing down. Or you may be woken up by the sudden silence.
It’s very important to get enough high-quality sleep. Before you go to bed tonight, play some soft music. Then, just prepare to be rocked off to dreamland.
27．It is found that soft music can ________ sleep.
A．help people of all ages B．only help people under the age of 15
C．only help people with sleeping problems D．only help people who are experiencing lots of stress
28．According to the article, it may take as long as ________ before you notice the effects of soft music.
A．3 hours B．3 nights C．3 weeks D．3 months
29．How can we work out how many beats a song has in a minute?
A．By comparing it with a 70-bpm song.
B．By entering the song’s title into songbpm.com.
C．By finding out whether it can help us fall asleep.
D．By counting our heart rates while listening to the song.
30．What is the article mainly about?
A．People with sleeping problems. B．The role of music in our daily lives.
C．How soft music can improve our sleep. D．The importance of getting enough sleep.
【答案】27．A
28．C
29．B
30．C
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍轻音乐如何改善我们的睡眠。
27．
细节理解题。根据“Scientists have found that soft music can help to improve sleep quality and quantity. This works for sleepers of all ages, and even for those with sleeping problems.”可知，轻音乐可以在睡眠问题上帮助任何年龄段的人，故选A。
28．
细节理解题。根据“It could take as many as 3 weeks to see any improvements.”可知，可能需要3周的时间才能看到任何改善，故选C。
29．
细节理解题。根据“If you are not sure how many beats a song has in a minute, you can find out by entering its title into songbpm.com.”可知，如果你不确定一首歌在一分钟内有多少节拍，你可以在songbpm.com中输入它的标题来找到它。故选B。
30．
主旨大意题。本文主要介绍轻音乐如何改善我们的睡眠，故选C。


（五十）（2022·四川南充·中考真题）
Students attend a science lesson given by astronauts on board China’s Tiangong space station on Wednesday, March 23, 2022. Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu, the members of the Shenzhou XIII, which was launched (发射) on October 16, appear on television screens watched by millions of students across China.
During the 41-minute lesson, the astronauts did four experiments to show physical phenomena(现象) only possible in a weightless environment, such as “liquid crystallization” and “a water bridge”. In one experiment, Wang used a toy of Bing Dwen Dwen, the mascot of the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games, to show how objects fly in Tiangong. They invited the young viewers to do similar experiments to see the differences between space and land environments.
Before closing the lesson, the astronauts answered questions from students. The questions covered the life and work in space, such as how to take care of the skin and whether hot water was available.
Wednesday’s event marked the third time Wang had taken part in a space lesson. In June 2013, she gave the nation’s first space lesson to over 60 million Chinese students in Shenzhou X. It made China the second country, following the United States, to have given a lesson to schoolchildren from space.
In early December, Wang gave the country’s second space lesson from the Tiangong station. The astronauts showed viewers how they lived and worked inside the space station.
“These science lessons can encourage students to explore the world of science and technology.” Shi Yi, a physics teacher, said after today’s activity, “Encouraged by China’s spaceflight achievements, my school has built a space science laboratory and the teachers give lessons about space exploration.”
21．On March 23, 2022, the astronauts finished these tasks EXCEPT ________.
A．answering the questions from students
B．inviting the students to do experiments
C．doing an experiment about “a water bridge”
D．showing how they lived inside the space station
22．When did Wang Yaping give the second lecture in space?
A．In June 2013. B．In October 2021. C．In December 2021. D．In March 2022.
23．Which one of the statements below is an opinion?
A．The astronauts did four experiments during the lesson.
B．Over 60 million students across China attended the lesson.
C．China is the second country to have given a lesson in space.
D．The three science lessons given by astronauts are rather meaningful.
24．What’s the best title for the passage?
A．Astronauts Give Lessons in Space. B．China Launched Shenzhou XIII.
C．The Exploration of Outer Space. D．The Development of Tiangong Space Station.
25．What kind of writing is the passage?
A．A science novel. B．A news report. C．A fairy tale. D．An interview.
【答案】21．D
22．C
23．D
24．A
25．B
【解析】
【导语】
本文主要介绍了中国天宫空间站宇航员给学生上的一次在线课程，宇航员进行了四项实验来给学生展示宇宙飞船中的物理现象。
21．
细节理解题。根据“During the 41-minute lesson...such as “liquid crystallization” and “a water bridge”.”，“They invited the young viewers to do similar experiments to see the differences between space and land environments.”和“Before closing the lesson, the astronauts answered questions from students.”可知，在2022年3月23日，宇航员做了水桥实验，回答了学生的提问和邀请学生做实验，没做的是展示他们如何在空间站里生活。故选D。
22．
推理判断题。根据“March 23, 2022”和“In early December, Wang gave the country’s second space lesson from the Tiangong station.”可知，在2021年12月，王亚平在太空做了第二场讲座，故选C。
23．
推理判断题。分析四个选项可知，ABC三项都在陈述客观事实，选项D“宇航员做的三个科学实验是有意义的”是观点而非事实，故选D。
24．
最佳标题题。本文主要介绍了中国天宫空间站宇航员给学生上的一次在线课程，宇航员进行了四项实验来给学生展示宇宙飞船中的物理现象。故选A“宇航员在太空上课”符合主题，故选A。
25．
推理判断题。本文介绍中国天宫空间站宇航员给学生上的一次在线课程，宇航员进行了四项实验来给学生展示宇宙飞船中的物理现象。推测可能在新闻报道上看到这篇文章，故选B。


（五十一）（2022·四川南充·中考真题）

A tree has roots. People have roots too. If you get to the root of a problem, you will solve it. It’s the same thing with words. Dig deeply into a big, unfamiliar word and you will understand where it came from.
As readers, especially those reading in a second language, we need to deal with the text as if we were detectives (侦探) looking for information to unlock the unknown. Like any good detective arriving on the crime scene, the first thing to do when meeting a new and difficult word is to judge the situation, to look at everything that is known and see if it helps us to understand what it means.
As you know, prefixes (前缀) and suffixes (后缀) can be added to the beginning or end of words to change the meaning. Know them, and you will have the word building power. But root words are the key. Take time to learn a few of these, put them in your memory, and you will become a master word detective.
Let’s look at one common root word used in English. “Alter” from the Latin word means “other”. When you meet this root word, you know that the bigger word has something to do with “other”. Examine the word “alternate”. Can you find the Latin root in it?
·If you and your friend like to eat out, first you pay and the other pays the next time. You are alternating paying.
·If you go to the movies on alternate Saturdays, you go on one Saturday, but not the other Saturday.
·If you have no alternative, you have no other choice.
Learn as many root words as possible in the language you are studying. Then use your “rooting for words” skills. Like any new skill, practice and hard work are always paid back.
26．What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A．The situation. B．The crime scene.
C．A new and difficult word. D．Everything that is known.
27．If Jim and Lily go to the movies, which one below is “alternating paying”?
A．They each pay half. B．Jim pays every time.
C．They take turns paying. D．Their parents pay for them.
28．How does the author explain his ideas about root words?
A．By giving a fact. B．By taking an example.
C．By telling a story. D．By having a discussion.
29．“Sen” from the Latin word means “old”. Which word uses this Latin root?
A．My brother is my senior by two years. B．He was ill so he was absent from school.
C．A criminal was sentenced to death by law. D．60 students were present at the sports meeting.
30．Which of the following shows the structure (结构) of the passage?
(①=paragraph 1     ②=paragraph 2,…)
A． B． C． D．
【答案】26．C
27．C
28．B
29．A
30．B
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文，向我们介绍学习语言的一些方法。
26．
推理判断题。根据“the first thing to do when meeting a new and difficult word is to judge the situation, to look at everything that is known and see if it helps us to understand what it means.”可知，当遇到一个新的和困难的单词时，第一件要做的事情是判断情况，查看所有已知的东西，看看它是否有助于我们理解它的意思。此处it指的是“一个新的和困难的单词”，故选C。
27．
推理判断题。根据“If you and your friend like to eat out, first you pay and the other pays the next time. You are alternating paying.”可知，如果你和你的朋友喜欢出去吃饭，你先付钱，下次由对方付钱。“alternating paying”的意思是“轮流付钱”，故选C。
28．
推理判断题。根据第四段内容可知，作者通过举例来解释他对词根的看法，故选B。
29．
推理判断题。根据“ ‘Sen’ from the Latin word means ‘old’.”可知，“Sen”来自拉丁语，意思是“老”，结合选项“My brother is my senior by two years.”表示“我哥哥比我大两岁”与之相符，故选A。
30．
篇章结构题。分析文章内容可知，第一段引出主题；第二段介绍处理文本时需要注意的东西；第三、四段介绍前后缀和词根的问题；第五段总结。故选B。


（五十二）（2022·四川遂宁·中考真题）
Have you ever thought of what life is like for old people? Have you ever helped old people who live alone? Can they get help when they need it?
Six students from Beijing 101 Middle School looked deeper at this question and wrote a proposal (提案) to the China Youth Model Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (全国青少年模拟政协活动). They advised to build more old people’s service stations in the neighborhood. They also gave suggestions about how governments, neighborhoods and hospitals can work together to make this happen.
An old people’s service station is different from a nursing home. It offers things like daytime care, cooking, cleaning and friendship to old people who live in their own homes. The students surveyed more than 1,100 people, about 90 percent of them said they would prefer using the stations’ services to moving into a nursing home. However, there are not enough of these stations, and many are not run very well.
The six students came up with a solution after reading more than 60 surveys, interviewing 108 people and visiting 25 different organizations. Their proposal beat out almost 100 others to win the Best Proposal award (奖项) in 2021.
“This experience helps me to better understand the importance of caring old people. Also I see the light and abilities in us,” said Xu Wanqing, one of the students.
“Taking part in the China Youth Model CPPCC has been good for students,” agreed their teacher Li Jie. “They’ve developed a sense of caring old people, as well as gotten more confidence about themselves since they’ve seen how much they can do for others.”
46．How many students wrote the proposal?
A．6. B．25. C．100. D．108.
47．What do most people prefer doing in the survey?
A．Moving into a nursing home. B．Using the old people’s stations’ services.
C．Living alone. D．Helping other old people.
48．________, the six students came up with the solution.
①After reading more than 60 surveys.
②After interviewing 108 people.
③After watching lots of news.
④After visiting 25 different organizations.
A．①②③ B．②③④ C．①②④ D．①③④
49．What does Li Jie think of his students after taking part in the activity?
A．Become more and more confident. B．Better understand the importance of life.
C．Develop a sense of protecting themselves. D．Open their eyes to the world.
50．What’s the purpose of this proposal?
A．To offer cooking. B．To build a nursing home.
C．To win an award. D．To care for old people in a better way.
【答案】46．A
47．B
48．C
49．A
50．D
【解析】
【导语】
本文主要介绍了来自北京101中学的6位学生对于关爱老人所做的一系列义举，其中一名学生发表了从这次经历明白了关注老人的重要性。
46．
细节理解题。根据“Six students from Beijing 101 Middle School looked deeper at this question and wrote a proposal (提案) to the China Youth Model Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference”可知，6名学生写了这个提案，故选A。
47．
细节理解题。根据“about 90 percent of them said they would prefer using the stations’ services to moving into a nursing home”可知，约90%的人表示，比起搬进养老院，他们更愿意使用老人站的服务，故选B。
48．
细节理解题。根据“The six students came up with a solution after reading more than 60 surveys, interviewing 108 people and visiting 25 different organizations”可知，这6名学生阅读了60多份调查问卷，采访了108人，访问了25个不同的机构，想出了解决方案，故选C。
49．
细节理解题。根据“as well as gotten more confidence about themselves since they’ve seen how much they can do for others”可知，学生变得越来越自信，故选A。
50．
主旨大意题。根据第一段以及全文的内容可知，本文旨在宣传关注老人的重要性，故选D。


（五十三）（2022·四川自贡·中考真题）
Chinese movies have become one of the favorites among the youth in Malawi. Because lots of Chinese movies are available in the country, many people can now enjoy them in video show halls, homes and through the Internet.
Luis Ndalama, 38, is a businessman who has been doing a videodisc（影碟）business for over 15 years. He told Xinhua Agency his customers have been watching Chinese movies for a long time. However, because they didn’t understand Chinese, many of them used to have difficulties in following the movies. “But with time, we have seen many Chinese movies with subtitles（字幕）, and this helps many of my customers to understand them even better because the Chinese language is new to most of us,” Ndalama said.
In an interview with Xinhua, many young people were able to explain things they learned from movies about China. “It’s always fun watching Chinese movies. At first it was very hard to understand them because everything about them and us was different in terms of language, food, dressing, dances and many other cultural values. But now, there are a lot of things that I know about China through movies. For example, I know about Kung Fu, the Great Wall, food like BiangBiang noodles and many other interesting things about China,” Khama said.
33．Where can the text be found?
A．In a novel. B．In a news story. C．In a history book.
34．What does the underlined word “them” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A．Customers. B．Movies. C．Subtitles.
35．What can we say about the youth in Malawi?
A．They show great interest in Chinese movies.
B．They prefer to do business with Chinese people.
C．They think it difficult to communicate in Chinese.
36．What is the last paragraph mainly about?
A．Chinese movies are popular in the world.
B．More and more people start to study in China.
C．Chinese movies help foreigners learn about Chinese culture.
【答案】33．B
34．B
35．A
36．C
【解析】
【导语】
本文主要介绍了中国电影在马拉维很受当地人民的喜爱。
33．
推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了中国电影在马拉维很受当地人民的喜爱，结合文中“He told Xinhua Agency...”可以判断文章最可能是一篇新闻报道。故选B。
34．
推理判断题。根据“we have seen many Chinese movies with subtitles（字幕）, and this helps many of my customers to understand them even better”可知很多带字幕的中国电影有助于更好地理解中国电影，故划线部分指代“中国电影”。故选B。
35．
细节理解题。根据“Chinese movies have become one of the favorites among the youth in Malawi”可知中国电影成为马拉维年轻人的最爱之一。故选A。
36．
主旨大意题。根据“But now, there are a lot of things that I know about China through movies”以及本段内容可知本段主要介绍了中国电影有助于外国人更好地了解中国文化。故选C。


（五十四）（2022·四川自贡·中考真题）
The careful use of lecture videos could help people study more efficiently（高效地）, say researchers at the University of California, Los Angeles （UCLA）.
According to a new study, watching lecture videos at twice the normal speed has almost no bad effect on learning. Even better, watching lecture videos at an increased speed more than once may even lead to improved learning and higher test scores compared to watching once at normal speed.
The study, done by UCLA’s Department of Psychology, put students into groups and asked them to watch lecture videos at different speeds without taking notes. The students then took tests based on the video content.
The test results showed little difference in scores between students who watched the videos at normal speed and those who watched at up to double speed—meaning students could halve（减半）their study time with little effect on learning.
But students shouldn’t speed up too much—because students who watched the videos at two-and-a-half times the normal speed had lower test results.
It was also found that watching the videos twice at double speed—both one week before the test and again immediately before it—produced higher test scores compared to students who watched the videos just once at normal speed.
During the COVID-19 pandemic, many countries have used some types of remote（远程的）learning, including video lessons. And while students and teachers have worried about the effects of remote learning, the UCLA study suggests that, if used the right way, video lectures could actually help make studying more efficient.
37．What may happen if we watch lecture videos at an increased speed more than once?
A．It may improve learning.
B．It may improve reading skills.
C．It may lead to the best test result.
38．What were the students asked to do before taking tests?
A．Discuss the video content.
B．Watch videos at different speeds.
C．Take notes while watching videos.
39．What can we learn about remote learning?
A．It helps develop learning habits.
B．It increases the speed of teaching.
C．It makes learning better if rightly used.
40．What’s the best title for the text?
A．Watching Videos Is a Good Way of Learning
B．Watching Videos Helps Get High Test Scores
C．Watching Videos at Double Speed Could Help Learning
【答案】37．A
38．B
39．C
40．C
【解析】
【导语】
本文主要介绍了视频讲座对学习的帮助，并且对比了提高速度观看甚至可以提高学习效率和考试成绩。
37．
细节理解题。根据“Even better, watching lecture videos at an increased speed more than once may even lead to improved learning and higher test scores compared to watching once at normal speed”可知，用提高的速度看一次以上的授课视频甚至可以提高学习效率和考试成绩，故选A。
38．
细节理解题。根据“asked them to watch lecture videos at different speeds without taking notes”可知，考试之前被要求以不同的速度观看视频，故选B。
39．
细节理解题。根据“And while students and teachers have worried about the effects of remote learning, the UCLA study suggests that, if used the right way, video lectures could actually help make studying more efficient”可知，如果使用正确的方式，远程学习实际上可以帮助提高学习效率，故选C。
40．
最佳标题题。本文主要介绍了视频讲座对学习的帮助，并且对比了提高速度观看甚至可以提高学习效率和考试成绩，所以最适合本文的标题是“以双倍的速度看视频有助于学习”，故选C。


（五十五）（2022·浙江温州·中考真题）
“Motasharefon bema’ refatek!” is often heard in Arabs’ daily talks. This greeting in the language Arabic means “Nice to meet you!” You may find Arabic difficult to understand, but the following facts can offer you some basics.

Arabic is s language of over twenty countries across the Middle East and North Africa, It’s also one of the six official languages of the UN. Now about 400 million people worldwide speak Arabic.
Arabic has different varieties. One of them is Modern Standard Arabic. It is taught at schools in all Arabic-speaking countries and used formally over media. Colloquial Arabic is another variety which people in the Arab world usually use in their everyday life.
Arabic is written from right to left in a beautiful and flowing script. Written Arabic is formed from eighteen different curves with dots () above or below. The curve () with one dot below is pronounced /b/, two on top is /t/, and three on top is /th/, while the curve () with two dots below is pronounced /y/.
A main feature of Arable is the throe letter root system. Almost every Arabic word is based on a root of three letters. If you take a root and add other letters to it, you can create many words related to the meaning of that root. For example, “k-t-b” is a common root in Arabic. Some words from that root are kitaab (“book”) and maktaba (“library”).
There are more facts about Arabic for you to explore. You’ll find that learning about it helps open up door to a different culture and provides a new way of thinking about the world.
29．How many varieties of Arabic are mentioned in the passage?
A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five.
30．According to the passage, which of the following is pronounced /b/ in Arabic?
A． B． C． D．
31．What does the underlined root “k-t-b” in Paragraph 5 most probably mean?
A．Cooking. B．Singing. C．Writing. D．Swimming.
32．Why does the author write this passage?
A．To introduce the language Arabic.
B．To tell stories from Arab countries.
C．To encourage people to visit Arab countries.
D．To advise people to protect the language Arabic.
【答案】29．A
30．B
31．C
32．A
【解析】
【导语】
本文主要介绍了一些与阿拉伯语有关的事实，介绍了它的种类，它的书写方式，以及发音规律等等。
29．
细节理解题。根据“One of them is Modern Standard Arabic”及“Colloquial Arabic is another variety”可知，一共提到了两种，故选A。
30．
细节理解题。根据“The curve () with one dot below is pronounced /b/”可知，下面有一个点的曲线发音为/b/，故选B。
31．
词义猜测题。根据“For example, “k-t-b” is a common root in Arabic. Some words from that root are kitaab (“book”) and maktaba (“library”).”可知，“k-t-b”是一个常见的词根，“书”和“图书馆”都是跟它有关，由此可推断它跟写作读书有关，故选C。
32．
主旨大意题。根据“You may find Arabic difficult to understand, but the following facts can offer you some basics.”及文章内容可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是为了向读者介绍阿拉伯语，故选A。


（五十六）（2022·浙江温州·中考真题）
Scientists are looking for ways that we can effectively use the light and heat from the sun. One idea that has caught their imagination is solar roads. They are expected to produce clean and renewable energy.
With solar panels on the surfaces, solar roads cost more than traditional roads. However, besides the functions of traditional roods, they have the panels to receive sunlight and change it into the energy to supply power to homes, factories and street lighting. There are four layers in a solar panel:

•Base layer: It is made of insulation material and forms a good grip with the road below this layer.
•Middle layer: This is the most important layer. It holds all kinds of power lines connecting all the solar parts in the panel, like LED lights and the heating system.
•Top layer: This layer is super-strong glass. It allows the panel to hold the weight of the heaviest vehicles.
•Capping: This is the topmost layer used to offer extra protection to the solar parts in the panel. The layer must be rough enough to provide the traction for the safety of vehicles.
With the smart design, solar roads can successfully charge the vehicles on them. And the roads have inbuilt LED lights to replace the traditional rood signs and lines, which are usually painted and harmful to humans. What’s more, the heating systems in the solar roads can take care of the snow and ice on the roads for drivers.
Test solar roads have been built in several countries (France, China, USA, etc.) since 2014. The first word solar road project, Metrics of Watt Way in France, was set up by a French company called Construction Colas. It was an example of low effectiveness. In the first year, it had been expected to produce around 767 kWh of energy a day, but it only produced 409 kWh. Even so, the production could increase with design improvements. Of course, more time is needed before this technology is put into use.
Solar roads may not be widely used in the near future, but they are indeed great for an environment-friendly and energy-saving world.
33．Solar roads ________.
A．offer power to homes B．get energy from factories
C．keep the sunlight away D．cost less than traditional roods
34．Which of the following about the layers of a solar panel is TRUE according to the passage?
A．The base layer is the most important layer.
B．There are many power lines in the middle layer.
C．The top layer lies on the top of the solar panel.
D．The capping should be smooth enough for drivers.
35．The first world solar road project ________.
A．was set up in China in 2014 B．showed high effectiveness as expected
C．was started by a US company D．could get better with design improvements
36．What is the best title for the passage?
A．Solar Roads: A Widely Used Invention
B．Solar Roads: A Safety Guard for Drivers
C．Solar Roads: A New Idea for Clean Energy
D．Solar Roads: A Way to Produce LED Lights
【答案】33．A
34．B
35．D
36．C
【解析】
【导语】
本文主要介绍了太阳能公路的原理以及其作用。
33．
细节理解题。根据“they have the panels to receive sunlight and change it into the energy to supply power to homes, factories and street lighting”可知，它们用太阳能板接收阳光，并将其转化为能源，为家庭、工厂和街道照明提供电力，故选A。
34．
推理判断题。根据“It holds all kinds of power lines connecting all the solar parts in the panel”可知，中间层容纳了连接面板中所有太阳能部件的各种电源线，故选B。
35．
推理判断题。根据“Even so, the production could increase with design improvements”可知，随着设计的改进，世界首个太阳能公路项目可能会变得更好，故选D。
36．
最佳标题题。根据“Scientists are looking for ways that we can effectively use the light and heat from the sun. One idea that has caught their imagination is solar roads. They are expected to produce clean and renewable energy.”可知，本文主要介绍了一种可以产生干净的，可再生的能源——太阳能公路，故选C。


（五十七）（2022·重庆A卷·中考真题）

When Xiong Chuanfa, 34, blows a lifelike tiger out of sugar in just minutes, kids look at him in surprise thinking he is a magician.
Xiong has been blowing sugar figurines (吹糖人) for over twenty years. Blowing sugar figurines is a Chinese traditional folk (民间) art with a history of over 600 years and has been listed as a state-level intangible cultural heritage.
Every morning, Xiong prepares the sugar and drives to different markets in Nanchang to start his magic show.
He heats (加热) the sugar, pulls off a little to make a ball and blows it into different shapes — a rabbit, a monkey, and even Bing Dwen Dwen, the mascot of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics.
People, especially little kids, are interested in his skills. ________, he also stops by colleges.
Many college students have been drawn to the art, waiting in line for hands-on experience. Among them, Simon, a foreign student, couldn’t help having a try. Though it looked easy, he found it difficult to make it. Thanks to Xiong’s help. Simon finally saw a horse slowly taking shape.
Simon was deeply moved after learning about the art. “I just can’t believe the traditional folk art can be kept so well here. I love it. Chinese culture should be spread around the world,” he said.
This art has been passed down for four generations (代) in Xiong’s family. His 6-year-old son often blows sugar balloons, just like what he used to do as a child.
“We will pass on the intangible heritage,” said Xiong.
28．From the passage we can learn that Xiong Chuanfa is ________.
A．26 years old B．34 years old C．a bus driver D．a foreign magician
29．Which of the following can be put in the ________?
A．To draw young people closer to the art B．To help young people learn drawing skills
C．To teach little kids the skills of drawing D．To make little kids more interested in the art
30．According to the passage, we can infer (推断) that Simon will most probably ________.
A．stay in China to blow sugar horses B．offer Xiong a helping hand in class
C．learn more about Chinese culture D．blosy perfect sugar figurines next time
31．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
A．Xiong and His Folk Art of Sweet Blows B．A Magic Folk Art and Chinese Culture
C．Xiong’s Family and Sugar Figurine Skills D．A Guide and the Intangible Heritages
【答案】28．B
29．A
30．C
31．A
【解析】
【导语】
本文主要介绍了吹糖人这种传统艺术，讲述了传承人熊川发吹糖人的过程，并因此技能吸引了许多大学生，他希望自己能将这种传统文化继续传承下去。
28．
细节理解题。根据“When Xiong Chuanfa, 34, blows a lifelike tiger out of sugar in just minutes”可知，他今年34岁，故选B。
29．
推理判断题。根据“People, especially little kids, are interested in his skills”及“he also stops by colleges”可知，在大学表演这种艺术是为了吸引年轻人接近这种传统艺术，故选A。
30．
推理判断题。根据“I love it. Chinese culture should be spread around the world”可知，他认为传统文化应该广为传播，所以他最可能要更多了解中国文化，故选C。
31．
最佳标题题。本文主要介绍了吹糖人这种传统艺术，讲述了传承人熊川发吹糖人的过程，所以A选项符合本文标题，故选A。


（五十八）（2022·重庆A卷·中考真题）
We all have those moments when bright ideas hit us, but not everyone can develop such moments into the fruits of creative thinking. While we believe creative thinking is the falling apple of Isaac Newton, one of the greatest scientists, we seldom notice that creative thinking is in fact a process (过程).
Let’s look at what happened in 1666.
Sitting in the garden, Newton watched an apple fall from a tree. He began to wonder if the same force that pulled the apple down also kept the moon circling the earth. Newton believed it did. He called it “gravity (重力)”.
This story has become one of the most popular examples of “eureka” moments. But when we cheer for the great discovery, the whole process of creative thinking shouldn’t be forgotten.
Newton studied mathematics for long to have a better understanding of the world. He always enjoyed finding new ways to solve problems. The falling apple was only the fruit of years of hard work before. It also started the train of thought that continued for the next twenty years.
Newton began to examine “gravity” carefully. He experimented (实验). Then he studied the results and used what he had learned to do new experiments. In 1687, the greatest scientific work ever written came out.
The whole process of creative thinking works the same in our life.
In school, we prepare ourselves for the right moment. Once the moment comes, we catch it and then keep on working in the years to come. It takes much to get the fruits of creative thinking, but the sweetest fruits will be ready for those who wait the longest.
32．You may read the passage in a ________.
A．notice B．picture C．magazine D．dictionary
33．The underlined word “eureka” in Paragraph (段落) 4 probably means “________”.
A．I’ve got it B．I give up C．I’ve no idea D．I believe it
34．The writer mainly develops his idea by ________.
A．raising questions B．giving examples
C．listing numbers D．explaining differences
35．The creative thinking process for Newton follows the order of ________.
a. He caught the right moment.   b. He did experiments over and over.
c. He saw an apple fall from a tree.   d. He studied mathematics for long.
A．a-c-d-b B．b-a-c-d C．a-b-c-d D．d-c-a-b
【答案】32．C
33．A
34．B
35．D
【解析】
【导语】
本文以牛顿的故事为例告诉我们创造性思维实际是一个过程。
32．
推理判断题。本文以牛顿的故事为例告诉我们创造性思维实际是一个过程。有可能在杂志中读到。故选C。

33．
词义猜测题。根据“But when we cheer for the great discovery, the whole process of creative thinking shouldn’t be forgotten.”及“This story has become one of the most popular examples”可知此处表示牛顿发现“重力”的事情是一个重大发现的例子，eureka意为“（欢呼）找到了；有了”，即“I’ve got it”。故选A。
34．
篇章结构题。根据“While we believe creative thinking is the falling apple of Isaac Newton, one of the greatest scientists, we seldom notice that creative thinking is in fact a process.”及文中就牛顿的事例作出的讨论，可知作者主要通过举例子来阐述他的思想。故选B。
35．
排序题。根据“Newton studied mathematics for long to have a better understanding of the world. ... The falling apple was only the fruit of years of hard work before. It also started the train of thought that continued for the next twenty years. ... He experimented.”可知牛顿学了很久数学（d），之后他看见一个苹果从树上掉下来（c），他抓住了这个时刻（a）并反复做实验（b），正确的排序是d-c-a-b。故选D。


（五十九）（2022·重庆A卷·中考真题）
①Since the first man looked up at the flying birds, countless successes have been achieved on the way up to the sky. From the stones thrown into the air to airships of all kinds, pioneers of humans never failed to let their imagination run wild.
②Stories of pioneers go back to centuries ago.
③Kite flying in China dates back to the 5th century BC and is thought to be the earliest example of man-made flight.
④From the 3rd century BC, the sky lantern (灯笼) was known in China. Many people believe that it was invented by Zhuge Liang in the war. Some say he wrote a message on a sky lantern for help, while others believe sky lanterns were used to drive the enemies away.
⑤Whichever is true, humans have never stopped, and they never will. In modem times, new fields are being explored (探索).
⑥In 1993, the world’s largest hot air airship was built. The AS-300 carried an underslung raft (悬挂式木筏). It allowed a team of French scientists to carry out their treetop researches without too much harm to the rain forest.
⑦On May 15, 2022, Chinese scientists sent up the latest model of “Jimu No.1”, China’s self-developed airship, to collect weather information on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
⑧The airship would work at a world-record altitude (海拔) of 9,032 meters. It was the first time an airship of its size had reached this height, even higher than that of the 8,849-meter-tall Mount Qomolangma, the highest mountain in the world.
36．According to the passage, we learn ________.
A．Zhuge Liang was believed to invent kites
B．sky lanterns were used just for fun in China
C．kite flying in China dates back to the 5th century BC
D．sky lanterns were known in China before the 3th century BC
37．Both the AS-300 and the latest model of “Jimu No.1” are airships which ________.
A．were harmful to the forest B．broke a world record each
C．reached the highest mountain D．helped with treetop researches
38．The writer’s main purpose in writing the passage is to ________.
A．share humorous stories about the pioneers B．show how excellent ancient people were
C．encourage us to learn more about imagination D．praise the never-ending exploration into the sky
39．The structure (结构) of the passage is ________.
A． B．
C． D．
【答案】36．C
37．B
38．D
39．A
【解析】
【导语】
本文主要介绍了人类从古至今永不停止地探索天空。
36．
细节理解题。根据“Kite flying in China dates back to the 5th century BC”可知中国放风筝可以追溯到公元前5世纪。故选C。
37．
细节理解题。根据“In 1993, the world’s largest hot air airship was built”以及“Chinese scientists sent up the latest model”可知AS-300是最大的热气球，极目一号是最新的飞艇，所以它们各自打破了世界纪录。故选B。
38．
主旨大意题。根据“humans have never stopped, and they never will”以及本文内容可知本文主要介绍了人类从古至今永不停止地探索天空，故作者写这篇文章是为了赞扬这种精神。故选D。
39．
篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段引入了话题；第二段和第五段分别引入了古代和现代对天空的探索，第三段和第四段描述的是古代人对天空的探索，第六段描述现代前期的探索；第七段和第八段是最近的探索。故选项A符合本文的结构。故选A。


（六十）（2022·重庆B卷·中考真题）
Orangutans
     Orangutans are nature lovers. They like hanging out in the tree. They spend 95% of their time up there in the tree. They sleep and eat in their nests(巢). The nests are big enough for even a 10-year-old kid to play in.
Pigs
     Pigs may not look so cute when they find mud(泥) holes. They like playing in the mud -it is like their natural playground. And when it is hot, they stay in the mud to cool themselves. They don’t care how dirty they get.
Sea turtles
     Sea turtle eggs are like ping-pong balls. After baby turtles break out of the eggs they get themselves out of the sand and hurry to leave the beach for the sea. They swim for 24 hours in the sea to stay away from danger.
24．In which part of a newspaper can you probably read the passages?
A．Sports. B．Health. C．Nature. D．News.
25．Orangutans like hanging out ________.
A．in the tree B．on the beach C．in the sea D．in the mud
26．On hot days, pigs like to play in the mud to ________.
A．look for food B．lean skills C．fall asleep D．cool themselves
27．Which of the following is true according to the passages?
A．Sea turtles have eggs like soccer balls.
B．Baby sea turtles are good swimmers.
C．Sea turtles lay their eggs in the sea.
D．Baby sea turtles are safe on the beach.
【答案】24．C
25．A
26．D
27．B
【解析】
【导语】
本文主要介绍了3种动物。
24．
推理判断题。根据全文内容可知，主要介绍了3种动物，因此可以在报纸上“大自然”部分看见；故选C。
25．
细节理解题。根据“They like hanging out in the tree.”可知，喜欢在树上闲逛；故选A。
26．
细节理解题。根据“And when it is hot, they stay in the mud to cool themselves”可知，猪待在泥里是为了凉快。故选D。
27．
推理判断题。根据“They swim for 24 hours in the sea to stay away from danger.”可知，小海龟可以游24小时，推出它们是好的游泳者；故选B。


（六十一）（2022·重庆B卷·中考真题）
Free time is a good chance for teenagers to have fun. What about free time with parents around? Some teenagers want free play without parents’ supervision(监管) while parents and experts(专家) may think differently.
Lin Tao, a middle school student, thinks teenagers should be free to play. “Last time I played with my parents around, I was nervous and just couldn’t enjoy myself to the fullest,” Lin says. “And my friend Chen Xiaoxin has similar experiences. Once, he went out to play with his classmates. Everyone felt uncomfortable with his mother’s supervision.”
Wang Min, a mother of a 14-year-old boy, thinks playtime needs supervision. She explains, “People usually say I like to control my kid, but that’s not true. I am just worried that he will get into trouble. Some guys may have a bad influence on him and some games like LARP(剧本杀) may mislead him. He might even get indulged in the stories and can’t get back to real life.
Mr. Ma, a doctor of social studies, says it’s understandable for teenagers to wish for freedom. Free play helps them to be independent. Parents can give them more space. They don’t have to supervise them all the time. However, teenagers should find out the exact details(细节) about the activities before playtime. Then they can communicate with their parents and decide together whether they can go out to play alone.
28．According to the passage, free time is a good chance for teenagers to ________.
A．study hard B．have fun C．get into trouble D．mislead parents
29．Lin Tao supports his own idea by ________.
A．listing numbers B．raising questions C．comparing facts D．giving examples
30．The underlined words “get indulged in” in Para.(段落)3 probably mean ________.
A．get lost in B．get interested in C．be tired of D．be proud of
31．According to the passage, which of the following may Mr. Ma support?
A．He Kai’s parents are around every time he plays with his friends.
B．Feng Zhongfan’s parents never ask him about whom he plays with.
C．Liu Xiang goes out without knowing anything about the activities.
D．Xie Hao talks to his parents about the exact details before playtime.
【答案】28．B
29．D
30．A
31．D
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文，就青少年空闲时间是否需要家长监督进行讨论，给出了几个学生的看法以及专家的建议。
28．
细节理解题。根据“Free time is a good chance for teenagers to have fun.”可知，空闲时间是青少年玩乐的好机会。故选B。

29．
推理判断题。分析第二段内容可知，林涛用自己和同学的例子支持自己的观点，故选D。
30．
词句猜测题。分析“Some guys may have a bad influence on him and some games like LARP(剧本杀) may mislead him. He might even get indulged in the stories and can’t get back to real life.”可知，有些人可能对他有不良影响，比如剧本杀，可能会让孩子们无法回到现实生活中，所以此处 get indulged in的意思是“沉迷，迷失”，故选A。
31．
推理判断题。根据“However, teenagers should find out the exact details(细节) about the activities before playtime. Then they can communicate with their parents and decide together whether they can go out to play alone.”可知，马博士认为青少年应该在游戏前弄清活动的具体细节，然后他们可以和父母交流，一起决定他们是否可以单独出去玩。选项D“谢浩在游戏前会和父母谈论游戏的具体细节”符合，故选D。


（六十二）（2022·重庆B卷·中考真题）
①On January 4, the China National Traditional Orchestra(中央民族乐团) played some well-known traditional music in their concert. Audiences(观众) enjoyed the beautiful sounds guzheng, the powerful tunes of suona, the tearful notes of erhu and so on. Each traditional Chinese musical instrument tells its own story.
②“I’ve fallen in love with the sounds of traditional instruments, especially pipa, a four-stringed(弦) instrument with a history of more than 2,000 years. It can produce different sounds, such as the sounds of falling snow and raindrops. Every time I listen to a pipa tune, I have a strong feeling of peace,” said Yang Tian, an audience of the concert.
③However, a recent report suggests. ________ To wake up people’s love for traditional music, something creative has been done.
④In some traditional music concerts, VR(虚拟现实) technology is used to bring the star sky or the beautiful sandy view of Dunhuang to the music hall. It makes the experience like watching a 3D movie.
⑤Li Xiaobing, a music teacher from Beijing, mixes traditional folk(民间) singing, opera and Chinese instruments through technology. People are surprised at his works and they love them!
⑥Some musicians try to add something new to traditional music. They bring modern music like pop and rap into traditional music. When the east meets the west, the new form of mus wins the hearts of both the old and the young.
⑦Traditional music shows the beauty of our culture, and with some creativity, great things happen.
32．Which of the following can be put in the ________?
A．pipa can not produce the sound of falling snow
B．traditional music is much better than modern music
C．the number of traditional music listeners is dropping
D．more young people show interest in traditional music
33．To wake up people’s love for traditional music, Li Xiao bing ________.
A．tells many tearful stories B．makes good 3D movies
C．mixes traditional music D．sings pop and rap songs
34．The structure(结构) of the passage is ________.
A． B．
C． D．
35．According to the passage, the writer believes ________.
A．traditional music should only be played in concerts
B．the ways to play traditional music must be changed
C．traditional music must remain unchanged all the time
D．traditional music with creativity will be more popular
【答案】32．C
33．C
34．B
35．D
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文，介绍中国传统音乐的美。
32．
推理判断题。根据“However, a recent report suggests.”可知，此处应介绍研究的结果，结合后句“To wake up people’s love for traditional music, something creative has been done.”可知，为了唤醒人们对传统音乐的热爱，人们做了一些创造性的事情，所以空处应表示人们对于传统音乐的关注和喜爱程度有所下降，选项C“传统音乐听众的数量正在下降”符合语境，故选C。
33．
细节理解题。根据“Li Xiaobing, a music teacher from Beijing, mixes traditional folk singing, opera and Chinese instruments through technology.”可知，来自北京的音乐教师Li Xiaobing通过技术将传统民歌、戏曲和中国乐器融合在一起。故选C。
34．
篇章结构题。第一、二段介绍中国传统音乐的美以及一位喜欢传统音乐的人的评价；第三、四、五、六段介绍为了唤醒人们对传统音乐的热爱，人们做了哪些创造性的事情；第七段收尾。故选B。
35．
推理判断题。根据“Traditional music shows the beauty of our culture, and with some creativity, great things happen.”可知，传统音乐展示了我们文化的美，再加一些创造力，伟大的事情发生了。推测作者认为有创意的传统音乐会更受欢迎，故选D。


（六十三）（2022·重庆B卷·中考真题）
The Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics was a great success. China has kept the promise to hold a green Olympics. Many green actions made it possible, like providing environmentally friendly smart beds, using new energy(能源) cars, supporting sporting places with 100% clean energy and reusing rain and snow water.
Take making ice as an example. China didn’t use R507, a common material to make ice, because it isn’t friendly enough to the environment. Through 18 months’ hard work, China independently developed the CO₂ direct cooling technology.
A net of tubes runs under the ice. High-pressure liquid(液态) CO₂ goes through them to create heat(热) exchange. The CO₂ evaporates(蒸发) under the ice surface. The evaporation takes in heat and turns water on the surface into ice. And the CO₂ goes into another circle. This technology helps to make ice better and faster. And above all, it is much greener because there’s no new CO₂ produced. Among all the 15 ice sporting places in the Winter Olympics, 7 used the CO₂ direct cooling technology to make ice. As a result, much less pollution was caused.
Beijing did so much more to save energy. Beijing built the new sporting places with green materials. As for the old ones, Beijing used new glass walls to take the place of traditional walls to let more natural light in. 70% of the waste heat was also reused to keep warm and dry. And a large number of new energy cars were used at the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics.
The Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics is the first to truly achieve carbon neutrality(碳中和), and it has set new standards in green technologies. Some newspapers say China has set an example for the world in environmental protection and green development.
36．How long did it take China to develop the CO₂ direct cooling technology?
A．18 months. B．100 weeks. C．15 days. D．7 years.
37．The writer writes Para. 3 to show ________.
A．why the CO₂ goes into another circle
B．how the new ice-making technology helped
C．how sporting places used the new technology
D．why the liquid CO₂ runs through the net of tubes
38．According to the passage, we can infer(推断) that ________.
A．all the buildings will be built with glass walls in the near future
B．the CO₂ direct cooling technology may be widely used in the world
C．the high-pressure liquid CO₂ will totally take the place of R507 soon
D．no new standards in green technologies may be set after the Olympics
39．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
A．A New Green Ice-making Technology
B．Green Technologies Used in Sports
C．A Shared Future of Green Development
D．The Green Beijing Winter Olympics
【答案】36．A
37．B
38．B
39．D
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文，介绍北京2022年冬奥会实现了绿色奥运的承诺，以及中国自主研发出了二氧化碳直接冷却技术。
36．
细节理解题。根据“Through 18 months’ hard work, China independently developed the CO₂ direct cooling technology.”可知，历史18个月，中国自主研发出了二氧化碳直接冷却技术。故选A。
37．
段落大意题。分析第三段内容可知，本段主要是介绍二氧化碳直接冷却技术是如何运作来制冰的，故选B。
38．
推理判断题。根据“As a result, much less pollution was caused.”和“Some newspapers say China has set an example for the world in environmental protection and green development.”可知，造成的污染减少了，且一些报纸称，中国在环境保护和绿色发展方面为世界树立了榜样。由此推知， 二氧化碳直接冷却技术在世界范围内具有广泛的应用前景，故选B。
39．
最佳标题题。本文主要介绍北京2022年冬奥会实现了绿色奥运的承诺，以及中国自主研发出了二氧化碳直接冷却技术。选项D“绿色北京冬奥会”符合主题，故选D。


【2021年】
A
（2021·青海中考真题）
It’s been over a year since COVID-19 first appeared and the virus continues to be a problem in many parts of the world,scientists have realized the development of vaccines (疫苗) is a solution to the pandemic. A global effort to vaccinate as many people as possible would be needed, since vaccines typically take years to develop.
On Dec 2, 2020, the first COVID vaccine, the Pfizer vaccine, was approved (批准) by UK health department. However, these vaccines must be stored at very low temperatures, which is not possible everywhere. In response, Chinese companies like Sinopharm and Sinovac have developed vaccines that can be kept at normal temperatures.
Now, vaccines are being rolled out all over the world, with millions of people being vaccinated every day. In China, 285 million vaccine doses (剂量) had been given so far. Meanwhile, the US has given out 247 million doses. The UK now stands at 50 million doses.
Although there have been rumors about vaccines being unsafe, most of people seem to realize the importance of vaccination for building mass immunity (群体免疫) in order to stop the virus from spreading. The world has come to understand that the vaccines will protect us. Therefore, sharing vaccines has become a key factor of staying safe and healthy worldwide.
Unfortunately, not everyone can get the vaccine yet. Children below the age of 16 can’t be vaccinated because they have not yet been tested on them. Those who have a history of vaccine allergies (过敏) shouldn’t get it, either.
根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。
1．The vaccine developed by ______ cannot be stored at normal temperatures.
A．UK health department B．Sinopharm
C．Sinovac D．Pfizer
2．According to the passage, ______ million vaccine doses had been given so far in China.
A．50 B．247 C．285 D．582
3．In paragraph 4, the underlined word ‘‘rumors” probably means ______.
A．谎言 B．谣言 C．建议 D．骗局
4．The purpose for vaccinating as many people as possible is to ______.
A．build mass immunity B．share the vaccines
C．develop vaccines quickly D．get everyone vaccinated
5．In paragraph 5, the word “they”, in the underlined sentence refers to ______.
A．children B．companies C．vaccines D．experts
【答案】
1．D
2．C
3．B
4．A
5．C
【分析】
本文主要介绍为了解决新冠肺炎病毒的传播，人们陆续意识到接种疫苗的重要性，本文主要以数据来说明接种疫苗的普遍性，以及不能接种疫苗的人群有哪些。
1．细节理解题。根据“On Dec 2, 2020, the first COVID vaccine, the Pfizer vaccine, was approved (批准) by UK health department”可知，由辉瑞疫苗研制的疫苗不能在正常温度中储存，故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据“In China, 285 million vaccine doses (剂量) had been given so far”可知，到目前为止，中国共接种了2.85亿剂疫苗，故选C。
3．词义猜测题。根据“Although there have been rumors about vaccines being unsafe, most of people seem to realize the importance of vaccination for building mass immunity (群体免疫) in order to stop the virus from spreading”可知，尽管还有很多关于疫苗不安全的谣言，但是大部分人们已经意识到接种疫苗的重要性，所以rumors表示“谣言”，故选B。
4．细节理解题。根据“most of people seem to realize the importance of vaccination for building mass immunity (群体免疫) in order to stop the virus from spreading”可知，让尽可能多的人接种疫苗的目的是建立群体免疫，故选A。
5．词义猜测题。根据“Children below the age of 16 can’t be vaccinated because they have not yet been tested on them”可知，此处指这些疫苗还没有在16岁以下孩子身上测试过，所以they指代“疫苗”，故选C。
B
（2021·湖南湘潭市·中考真题）
A zero-waste life is a lifestyle that hardly creates any rubbish.
“Zero waste” was first suggested by a French woman called Bea Johnson. Her idea is: live a life and try not to create any rubbish; use different kinds of ways to save the environment, such as stopping the use of one-off objects; giving unwanted things to others or donating these things to organizations like the Red Cross.
A zero-waste life follows the 6R rule—Refuse, Reduce, Reuse, Repair, Recycle and Rot. Chen Yuan, 27, is deeply interested in this idea. She and her boyfriend Joe have lived in Beijing for many years. Over August-October when Chen followed the rule of zero waste 6R, she and her boyfriend both produced only two cans of rubbish. Now the couple have opened a small shop in Beijing, where they use wood products to take the place of plastic ones and cloth bags printed with environmental logos. The store also has second-hand books and CDs to make the best of the used things.
“The zero-waste lifestyle is not for ascetics(苦行僧). It is just around us.” Chen expects some of her friends to join her on the road to zero waste.
6．Bea Johnson suggests that people should ______.
A．try to create no rubbish
B．throw away unwanted things
C．use the one-off objects all the time
7．What does the underlined word “donating” in paragraph 2 mean?______
A．Giving back. B．Giving out. C．Giving away.
8．We can see from the passage that Chen Yuan ______.
A．is interested in the 6R rule
B．offers plastic bags in her store
C．likes listening to CDs very much
9．What Chen Yuan says in the last paragraph probably means that ______.
A．her friends like her lifestyle
B．the zero-waste lifestyle is not hard to live
C．lots of people have lived the zero-waste lifestyle
10．The passage is most probably from ______.
A．an ad B．a newspaper C．a story book
【答案】
6．A
7．C
8．A
9．B
10．B
【分析】
文章主要介绍了什么是“零浪费”，并呼吁人们加入“零浪费”。
6．细节理解题。根据“Her idea is: live a life and try not to create any rubbish”可知， Bea Johnson是倡导人们尽量不要制造垃圾，故选A。
7．词义猜测题。根据“giving unwanted things to others or donating these things to organizations like the Red Cross.”可知，把一些不要的东西给别人或者捐给红十字会，所以单词“donating”指的是“捐赠”，与C选项意思相近，故选C。
8．细节理解题。根据“Chen Yuan, 27, is deeply interested in this idea.”可知，陈元对6R规则感兴趣，故选A。
9．句意猜测题。根据“The zero-waste lifestyle is not for ascetics(苦行僧). It is just around us.” Chen expects some of her friends to join her on the road to zero waste.”可知，陈元说这话的意思是零浪费的生活方式并不难，就在我们身边，故选B。
10．推理判断题。根据“A zero-waste life is a lifestyle that hardly creates any rubbish.”以及整个文章的理解可知，文章主要介绍了什么是“零浪费”，并呼吁人们加入“零浪费”，结合选项可知，应该是从报纸上来的，故选B。
C
（2021·湖南湘潭市·中考真题）
When autumn arrives in the United States and Canada, you can see one of nature’s greatest scenes—the yearly migration(迁徙) of the monarch butterflies(帝王蝶).
No other butterfly in the world migrates like the orange and black monarch of North America. They can not live for long periods in cold weather. So each autumn around October, the butterflies travel up to 3,000 kilometers south to spend winter. Some even fly to the mountains of Mexico.
It usually takes the butterflies two months to reach Mexico. When it is warm, they start to back north in the spring. But not one butterfly finishes the whole trip. They lay eggs along the way and die. It might take the monarchs as many as four to five generations(代) to complete the journey all the way back up to Canada, says Sarina Jepsen, who directs the endangered species program for the Xerces Society.
The most amazing thing about these butterflies is that they return to the very same trees in Mexico that their great-great-grandparents used the winter before.
However, the number of these colorful butterflies has dropped in recent years. The US Fish and Wildlife Sen ice said that nearly a billion monarchs have disappeared from overwintering sites(越冬地点) since 1990, the Washington Post reported, one of the main reasons, experts say, is that farmers have used herbicides(除草剂) on the milkweed(马利筋) plants that these butterflies feed on.
……
11．What color are the monarch butterflies?______
A．Orange and black. B．Pink and black. C．Orange and white.
12．How long does it take the monarch butterflies to reach Mexico?______
A．One month. B．Two months. C．Four to five generations.
13．What is the most amazing thing about the monarch butterflies?______
A．They migrate to visit their friends.
B．They are protected by their family members.
C．They can return to the same trees that their ancestors lived in.
14．From the passage, we know that the number of the monarchs has dropped mainly because of ______.
A．less food B．bad weather C．air pollution
15．What might the writer talk about next after the passage?______
A．How to plant more trees.
B．How to research these butterflies.
C．What we can do to protect these butterflies.
【答案】
11．A
12．B
13．C
14．A
15．C
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了帝王蝶每年秋天的迁徙以及数量越来越少的原因。
11．细节理解题。根据文中“No other butterfly in the world migrates like the orange and black monarch of North America.”可知，帝王蝶是橙黑色的。故选A。
12．细节理解题。根据文中“It usually takes the butterflies two months to reach Mexico.”可知，帝王蝴蝶到达墨西哥需要两个月的时间。故选B。
13．细节理解题。根据文中“The most amazing thing about these butterflies is that they return to the very same trees in Mexico that their great-great-grandparents used the winter before.”可知，帝王蝶最神奇的事情是它们可以回到它们的祖先生活过的树上。故选C。
14．推理判断题。根据文中“One of the main reasons, experts say, is that farmers have used herbicides(除草剂) on the milkweed(马利筋) plants that these butterflies feed on.”可知，除草剂的使用，使得帝王蝶可食用的植物变少，从而导致帝王蝶数量下降。故选A。
15．推理判断题。根据文中“However, the number of these colorful butterflies has dropped in recent years. The US Fish and Wildlife Sen ice said that nearly a billion monarchs have disappeared from overwintering sites(越冬地点) since 1990, the Washington Post reported, One of the main reasons, experts say, is that farmers have used herbicides(除草剂) on the milkweed(马利筋) plants that these butterflies feed on.”可推理出，此段解释了帝王蝶数量下降的原因，分析原因之后，接下去最有可能谈到的是如何保护帝王蝶。故选C。
D
（2021·湖南湘潭市·中考真题）

The Forbidden City in Beijing was the emperors’ palace during the Ming and Qing dynasties. It is also called “zijincheng (the Purple Forbidden City)”. Though its walls are red and its roofs are yellow, the palace’s name mentions the color purple. How did it get this name?
The character zi refers to the “ziwei star(Polaris,北极星)”. According to ancient Chinese astronomy (天文学), the ziwei star was surrounded by 28 other stars, meaning it was the heart of the sky. People believed that the palace of the God Emperor, which is called ziweigong, or ziwei palace, was located on this star. Chinese emperors were believed to be the sons of the God Emperor. It was believed that their palace on Earth should be just like the ziweigong in the sky. That’s how the Forbidden City got its name.
In Chinese culture, many people believe that the color purple stands for good luck. This belief began with Laozi, the ancient philosopher(哲学家) and founder of Taoism(道教) who lived around 2,500 years ago. One day, when Laozi was traveling through the Hangu Pass(函谷关) in Henan from the east, a purple mist(薄雾) suddenly appeared in the air. It is believed that this mist was connected to Laozi in some way. This “purple air from the east” story made people believe the color was a symbol of great saints from that point on.
16．The Forbidden City has another two names EXCEPT ______.
A．zijincheng B．ziweigong C．the Purple Forbidden City
17．Ancient Chinese believed that ziwei star was ______.
A．the heart of the sky B．the name of the emperor C．the palace of the God Emperor
18．In Chinese culture, many people believe that the color purple stands for ______.
A．Laozi B．the emperor C．good luck
19．What is the main idea of the last paragraph?______
A．Where Laozi liked traveling.
B．Why Laozi was the founder of Taoism.
C．What “purple air from the east” means.
20．What is the best title of the passage?______
A．China’s “purple” palace. B．The role of Taoism in China. C．Development of the Forbidden City.
【答案】
16．B
17．A
18．C
19．C
20．A
【分析】
文章介绍了紫禁城名字的由来以及紫色为什么被认为是有好运的。
16．细节理解题。根据“The Forbidden City in Beijing was the emperors’ palace during the Ming and Qing dynasties. It is also called “zijincheng (the Purple Forbidden City)”可知，紫禁城又叫做zijincheng或者the Purple Forbidden City，故选B。
17．细节理解题。根据“According to ancient Chinese astronomy (天文学), the ziwei star was surrounded by 28 other stars, meaning it was the heart of the sky.”可知，中国古代天文学认为紫微星是天空的心脏，故选A。
18．细节理解题。根据“In Chinese culture, many people believe that the color purple stands for good luck.”可知，在中国文化中，许多人认为紫色代表好运。故选C。
19．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的描述可知，主要是介绍老子偶遇天空中的紫色，从此让人们相信，紫色就是伟大圣人的象征，是为了告诉我们“purple air from the east”是什么，故选C。
20．最佳标题题。根据“The Forbidden City in Beijing was the emperors’ palace during the Ming and Qing dynasties...How did it get this name?”以及整个文章的理解可知，主要是介绍有关紫禁城的内容，故选A。
E
（2021·湖北恩施土家族苗族自治州·）
Duan Jiayang, a 12-year-old student of a primary school in Yinchuan, Ningxia, learns the skills required to take care of vegetable fields.
“I learned how to place the mulch film（地膜）,” he says, “It’s not easy.”
In China, many parents place a heavy focus on their children’s good results, but vocational（职业的）skills have little been cared.
“Some parents do everything for their children,” says Yan Mei, an official with the primary school, adding that many students are short of the basic skills needed in their daily lives. For example, Yan says, some parents would do the school’s general cleaning instead of their children.
Since March last year, the governments have launched a lot of policies, requiring that colleges, middle schools and primary schools pay more attention to teaching students practical skills.
Following these policies, the primary school launched an “agricultural（农业的）class base” on one of its schoolyards. Students plant fruit and vegetables on an area of land about 4,000㎡ in size.
In the days coming up to the May Day holiday, students of various grades at the school worked together in the fields, says school principal Yang Bo. They planted watermelon, carrot and corn. May Day, also known as Labor Day, is celebrated on May 1st in China.
The school hopes that students will understand the food is quite precious so that they will better realize the difficulties that their parents went through.
21．What does Duan Jiayang think of this activity?______
A．Boring. B．Easy. C．Difficult. D．Interesting.
22．What do many parents care most in the passage?______
A．Children’s life skills. B．Children’s high marks.
C．Teachers’ skills course. D．Teachers’ teaching level.
23．Which of the following crops is not mentioned according to the passage?______
A．Corn. B．Watermelon. C．Carrot. D．Cabbage.
24．What can students learn from the agricultural class?______
A．Students will understand the importance of labor.
B．Students can realize the difficulties their parents went through.
C．Students can learn the basic life skills.
D．All of the above.
25．Which of the following is the best title for the passage?______
A．Youths Get a Lesson in Life through Skills Course
B．Duan Jiayang, a Hard-working Student
C．Schools Follow the Governments’ Policies
D．Parents Hope for Children’s Good Results in School
【答案】
21．C
22．B
23．D
24．D
25．A
【分析】
政府已经出台了很多政策，要求大学、中学和小学更加注重教授学生实用技能。本文强调了劳动教育的重要性。
21．细节理解题。根据“It’s not easy.”可知，段佳阳认为这不容易，即很难，故选C。
22．细节理解题。根据“In China, many parents place a heavy focus on their children’s good results”可知，在中国，许多父母非常重视孩子的好成绩，故选B。
23．细节理解题。根据“They planted watermelon, carrot and corn.”可知，他们种了西瓜、胡萝卜和玉米，没有提到卷心菜。故选D。
24．细节理解题。根据“the governments have launched a lot of policies, requiring that colleges, middle schools and primary schools pay more attention to teaching students practical skills”和“The school hopes that students will understand the food is quite precious so that they will better realize the difficulties that their parents went through.”可知，学生们可以从农业课中学习基本的生活技能、理解劳动的重要性以及意识到他们的父母所经历的困难。故选D。
25．最佳标题题。本文强调了劳动教育的重要性，选项A“年轻人通过技能课程获得一节生活课”符合主题，故选A。
F
（2021·湖北恩施土家族苗族自治州·）
Governments and businesses worldwide are creating smartphone apps to help track the spread of COVID-19.
Tracking the spread of a disease is an important step in stopping its outbreak（爆发）. By tracking down people who have been in contact with COVID-19 patients, health researchers can warn them, and keep COVID-19 from spreading further. This is called “contact tracing”（接触者追踪）.
As governments remove COVID-19 limits, they’ll need to be able to quickly find and control new outbreaks. Contact tracing will be an important part of the process.
But because COVID-19 spreads so quickly to so many people, it’s almost impossible to trace all contacts with phone calls. That’s why many people hope that digital contact tracing with smartphones will help.
Most contact tracing apps collect information about where people have gone and the people they’ve had contact with. The apps can tell users when one of their recent contacts has been found to have COVID-19. Some systems also tell governments or health care workers.
Now many apps have been developed all over the world. But some people worry the apps are being made too quickly and may not protect people’s private information.
What do you think of this kind of app?
26．Contact tracing apps are mainly used on ______.
A．smartphones B．computers C．cars D．telephones
27．To prevent COVID-19 from spreading further, we’d better ______.
A．bring smartphones
B．control all people’s movements
C．track down people who have been in contact with COVID-19 patients
D．tell governments or health care workers
28．What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 3 refer to?______
A．Users. B．Governments. C．Researchers. D．Health care workers.
29．What’s the disadvantage of the contact tracing apps?______
A．To control the spread of the COVID-19. B．To make health care workers in danger.
C．To trace all contacts with patients. D．To make people’s private information public probably.
30．The passage may be ______.
A．a story B．a science article C．a notice D．a speech
【答案】
26．A
27．C
28．B
29．D
30．B
【分析】
本文主要介绍了政府为了追踪新冠肺炎病毒而创建的应用程序的用处，以及人们对这种程序的担心。
26．细节理解题。根据“Governments and businesses worldwide are creating smartphone apps to help track the spread of COVID-19”可知，主要用于智能手机，故选A。
27．细节理解题。根据“By tracking down people who have been in contact with COVID-19 patients, health researchers can warn them, and keep COVID-19 from spreading further”可知，通过追踪与新冠肺炎病毒患者有过接触的人，可以防止新冠肺炎病毒进一步传播，故选C。
28．词义猜测题。根据“As governments remove COVID-19 limits, they’ll need to be able to quickly find and control new outbreaks”可知，此处指政府可以快速的找到和控制疫情，所以they指代“Governments”，故选B。
29．细节理解题。根据“But some people worry the apps are being made too quickly and may not protect people’s private information”可知，它的缺点就是可能会公开人们的私人信息，故选D。
30．推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了为了追踪新冠肺炎病毒而创建的应用程序，这属于科学范畴，故选B。
G
（2021·湖南怀化市·中考真题）
Now, AI（人工智能）is smart enough to check loneliness（孤独）in humans.
A new study shows how AI can know the degrees of loneliness from a person’s words. 80 people aged 66 to 94 took part in the study because they often felt lonely. They were asked 20 questions, such as “How often do you feel lonely?” and “How often do you get together with your friends?”
The interesting thing is that it uses dictionary-based methods. For example, it can look for words to show fears. It also gives answers by testing their words. If people felt lonelier, their answers about loneliness were longer. It can know the degrees of loneliness in each topic. It also shows differences between men and women. If a man felt lonely, he used more words to show his fears. If a woman felt lonely, she expressed her lonely feelings directly.
31．Why did 80 old people take part in the study?______
A．They had no money. B．They often felt lonely. C．They had more time.
32．If people felt lonelier, their answers about loneliness were ______.
A．longer B．shorter C．nicer
33．Which column（栏目）of the newspaper does the passage come from?______
A．Travel. B．Science. C．Sports.
34．What’s the best title of this passage?______
A．Help Others B．Change the World C．Check Loneliness by AI
【答案】
31．B
32．A
33．B
34．C
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文，本文主要介绍通过人工智能来测试人类孤独的程度的相关情况。
31．细节理解题。根据“80 people aged 66 to 94 took part in the study because they often felt lonely”可知，因为他们经常感到孤单，故选B。
32．细节理解题。根据“If people felt lonelier, their answers about loneliness were longer”可知，如果人们感到更孤独，他们对孤独的回答会更长，故选A。
33．推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍通过人工智能来测试人类孤独的程度的相关情况，这属于科学范畴，故选B。
34．最佳标题。根据“Now, AI（人工智能）is smart enough to check loneliness（孤独）in humans”可知，本文围绕“通过人工智能来测试孤独”这件事情来介绍，故选C。
H
（2021·四川乐山市·中考真题）
On May 22, 2021, the whole nation was saddened by the news that Chinese scientist Yuan Longping died.
Dr Yuan Longping worked most of his life growing better rice. As a result of his research, the Chinese people are no longer worried about getting starved. His great work also helped the world produce more and more rice.
Yuan, born on Sept. 7, 1930. After graduating（毕业.) from Southwest Agriculture College, he worked as a teacher at an agriculture school in Hunan.
Several natural disasters（天灾）hit China in the 1960s. Yuan, saw many people die of hunger every day. Since then, he has researched how to grow much better crops.
In 1964 , he happened to find a natural hybrid rice（杂交水稻）plant that had great advantages over others. Yuan was excited about his discovery. He then began to study the parts of this unusual plant.
In 1973, he started to develop a type of hybrid rice species（种类）. It produced 20% more rice per unit than common ones. The seeding（种植）was very successful in the following year. This progress made China the world’s leader in rice production.
More than 50% of China’s total rice fields grow Yuan’s hybrid species. People call him the “Father of Hybrid Rice”.
Yuan once said he had two dreams — to “enjoy the cool under the rice crops taller than men” and that hybrid rice could be grown all over the world to help solve the food problem of the whole world.
35．What does the underlined word “starved” in paragraph 2 mean in Chinese?______
A．挨饿 B．受冻 C．致贫
36．What can we learn about Yuan Longping according to the third paragraph?______
A．He was born into a scientist’s family.
B．He was once a teacher at an agriculture school.
C．He graduated from Southwest Agriculture College in 1930.
37．When did Yuan Longping succeed in seeding hybrid rice?______
A．In 1964. B．In 1973. C．In 1974.
38．Which of the following is TRUE according to the last three paragraphs?______
A．Yuan’s hybrid rice can provide all people in the world with rice.
B．Yuan’s hybrid rice is grown in all of China’s rice fields.
C．Yuan’s hybrid rice made China the world’s leader in rice production.
39．What does the story mainly talk about?______
A．The “Father of hybrid Rice”.
B．How to grow rice.
C．Different rice species.
【答案】
35．A
36．B
37．C
38．C
39．A
【分析】
文章介绍了中国“杂交水稻之父”——袁隆平的生平。
35．词义猜测题。根据“Dr Yuan Longping worked most of his life growing better rice. As a result of his research, the Chinese people are no longer worried about getting starved. His great work also helped the world produce more and more rice.”可知，由于袁隆平的研究帮助世界生产更多的大米，中国人不再担心挨饿，所以单词“starved”指的是“挨饿”，故选A。
36．细节理解题。根据“Yuan, born on Sept. 7, 1930. After graduating（毕业.) from Southwest Agriculture College, he worked as a teacher at an agriculture school in Hunan.”可知，他曾经是一所农业学校的老师。故选B。
37．细节理解题。根据“In 1973, he started to develop a type of hybrid rice species（种类）. It produced 20% more rice per unit than common ones. The seeding（种植）was very successful in the following year.”可知，1973年，他开始培育一种杂交水稻品种。它的单位产量比普通水稻多出20%。第二年播种非常成功。所以袁隆平成功播种杂交水稻是在1974年，故选C。
38．细节理解题。根据“...This progress made China the world’s leader in rice production.”以及后面的介绍可知，袁隆平的杂交水稻使中国成为世界水稻生产的领导者。故选C。
39．主旨大意题。根据整个文章的理解可知，主要是介绍中国“杂交水稻之父”——袁隆平的生平，故选A。
I
（2021·四川乐山市·中考真题）
We’ve all had bad experiences with restaurants, stores or hotels. Maybe you’ve been to a restaurant that served terrible food. Perhaps you’ve been to a store that had high prices and bad service. Or maybe you’ve booked a hotel and found out later that the room was nothing like the advertisement（广告）.
These days, we have a better chance of stopping these unpleasant surprises. We can do this by using apps. An app is a computer program on a smartphone. You can use apps to do almost anything. App can help you play games, get directions, talk to friends, and so on.
If you want to find information about a store or a hotel, you can use a review app. Review apps help us evaluate（评价）service and products before we hand over our money. The idea is very simple. After you go to a restaurant or stay in a hotel, you can post a review with one of your apps. You can say anything you want. If you like a hotel that you stayed in, you can tell people that it was wonderful. If you think that the food in a certain restaurant was bad, then you can tell people not to eat there. Other people can use their app to read your reviews.
Plenty of people prefer not to use these review apps. Many of these people think that it’s a waste of time to look through websites and read reviews. These people prefer to go out and decide for themselves whether or not a service is good. However, review apps are getting more and more popular every day. Some apps are for exact services. For example, trip adviser gives attention to travel, and good reader pays attention to books. There are also other larger apps that provide information for just about every service that you can think of.
40．What does the article say about apps?______
A．You can use apps for many things. B．There are very few good apps.
C．Apps are only useful for travel. D．Apps are very expensive to use.
41．If you want to book a hotel, how can a review app help you?______
A．It can help you write better reviews.
B．It can tell you how to use a smartphone.
C．It can tell you about the hotel before you book it.
D．It can tell you about other people who post reviews.
42．In the third paragraph, what does the underlined word “it” refer to?______
A．A restaurant. B．A hotel. C．A review. D．A store.
43．According to the article, why do some people prefer NOT to use review apps?______
A．They don’t trust review apps.
B．They think review apps are too hard.
C．They prefer to make their own decisions.
D．They don’t know how to use review apps.
44．Where can you probably find the passage?______
A．In a music magazine. B．In a travel guide book.
C．In a story book. D．In a newspaper.
【答案】
40．A
41．C
42．B
43．C
44．D
【分析】
文章介绍了现在有关评论方面的app可以帮助大家减少一些不好的体验经历。如吃饭、住店、旅游等都可以先通过app了解别人对此的评论，然后再做决定。
40．细节理解题。根据“You can use apps to do almost anything.”可知，可以通过app做几乎任何事情，故选A。
41．细节理解题。根据“If you want to find information about a store or a hotel, you can use a review app. Review apps help us evaluate（评价）service and products before we hand over our money. ”可知，如果想预定酒店，可以通过评论app了解到酒店的一些情况，故选C。
42．词义猜测题。根据“If you like a hotel that you stayed in, you can tell people that it was wonderful.”可知，如果你喜欢住的酒店，你可以告诉人们它是一家很棒的酒店。此处的it指代的是酒店，故选B。
43．细节理解题。根据“Many of these people think that it’s a waste of time to look through websites and read reviews. These people prefer to go out and decide for themselves whether or not a service is good.”可知，有一些人喜欢走出去，自己去感受，然后自己决定一项服务是否好，而不是通过app来决定，故选C。
44．推理判断题。根据“We’ve all had bad experiences with restaurants...Or maybe you’ve booked a hotel and found out later that the room was nothing like the advertisement（广告）.”以及整个文章的理解可知，文章主要介绍有关评论方面的app可以帮助大家减少一些不好的体验经历，以及通过app可以得到什么，如何使用这种app以及人们的看法等，这属于热门类话题，应该是在报纸上，故选D。
J
（2021·甘肃天水市·中考真题）
If you’ve tried and have not won,
Never stop for crying;
All that’s great and good is done
Just by patient trying.
Though young birds, in flying, fall,
Still their wings grow stronger;
And the next time they can keep
Up a little longer.
Though the strong tree has known
Many blows of stormy winds,
She has risen again, and grown
Higher and prouder.
If by easy work you beat,
Who the more will prize you?
Gaining success from defeat-
That’s the test that tries you!
阅读以上诗歌，根据其内容回答其后各个小题。
45．What is done by patient trying?______
A．All that is great and good. B．All you’ve not won.
C．The things that you’ve cried for. D．The things that are stopped.
46．What happens to young birds when they fly?______
A．They fly very high. B．They fall.
C．They lose confidence. D．They look scared.
47．How is the tree after the stormy winds?______
A．She is weak. B．She is shy. C．She is prouder. D．She is dying.
48．What does the underlined word “defeat” probably mean?______
A．Work. B．Prize. C．Happiness. D．Failure.
49．Which of the following is the best title of this poem?______
A．Be brave. B．Don’t give up.
C．Face disagreement. D．To get happiness.
【答案】
45．A
46．B
47．C
48．D
49．B
【分析】
本文是一首诗歌，告诉我们要不断尝试，不要放弃，不要害怕失败，从失败中获得成功。
45．细节理解题。根据“All that’s great and good is doneJust by patient trying.”可知，只要耐心地尝试，所有伟大的和好的事情都会完成。故选A。
46．细节理解题。根据“Though young birds, in flying, fall”可知，雏鸟在飞行时会跌落。故选B。
47．细节理解题。根据“Many blows of stormy winds,She has risen again, and grownHigher and prouder.”可知，狂风大作，她又复活了，长大了，更高且更骄傲。故选C。
48．词义猜测题。分析“Gaining success from defeat-That’s the test that tries you!”可知，从失败中获得成功，这是考验。此处defeat的意思是“失败”，故选D。
49．最佳标题题。本文告诉我们要不断尝试，不要放弃，不要害怕失败，从失败中获得成功。故选B。
K
（2021·浙江衢州市·中考真题）
Do video games do harm to our children? Today, many children spend a lot of their free time playing games on the Internet. In the UK, 99% of kids aged 8 to 15 play video games every week. This information tells us that the benefits and dangers of video games must be carefully considered.
For many people, video games are fun. They have bright lights, funny cartoons and exciting stories. Everywhere you look, you can see children playing these games. They play on buses and trains, in restaurants and even at school.
Video games are educational too. They make kids think in a creative way and they have to move their hands and eyes quickly. This can improve the way that a child’s brain works. What’s more, video games make children use their imagination. The player has to do many creative things, like drawing, telling stories and building things. Video games are also a good way to teach children about technology because they can learn how computers and other devices work while they play.
However, a recent study suggests that video games can also be bad for children. First, children can download many games for free. This means that parents often don’t know if their children are playing violent or scary games. Second, many children spend too much time playing games on computers and this can lead to health problems. Third, if children spend too much time playing games instead of doing homework, they can have problems at school and get bad grades. Finally, video games can affect children’s social skills. If children spend too much time playing video games by themselves, they might not learn how to play with their friends.
In conclusion, it seems clear that video games have some advantages and some disadvantages. It is up to parents to know what games their children are playing and how much time they spend on them. Parents should also make sure their children get enough exercise and spend time with other children.
50．The underlined word “they” in Paragraph 3 refers to ______.
A．kids B．computers C．video games D．playmates
51．Which disadvantages of video games are mentioned in the passage?______
a. result in bad grades
b. make kids feel bored
c. lead to health problems
d. affect children’s social skills
e. cause problems between parents and kids
A．c, d, e B．b, d, e C．a, c, d D．a, b, c
52．In the writer’s opinion, ______ should play an important role in video games play for kids.
A．family B．society C．schools D．game companies
53．What’s the structure of the passage?______
A． B． C． D．
【答案】
50．A
51．C
52．A
53．B
【分析】
文章介绍了电子游戏的优点和缺点，并给父母提出几个建议。
50．词义猜测题。根据“They make kids think in a creative way and they have to move their hands and eyes quickly.”可知，电子游戏让孩子们以一种创造性的方式思考，孩子们必须快速移动他们的手和眼睛。此处they指的是“孩子们”，故选A。
51．细节理解题。根据“...this can lead to health problems...they can have problems at school and get bad grades...video games can affect children’s social skills”可知，电子游戏的缺点是会导致坏成绩、导致健康问题以及影响孩子们的社交技能，故选C。
52．推理判断题。根据“In conclusion, it seems clear that video games have some advantages and some disadvantages. It is up to parents to know what games their children are playing and how much time they spend on them.”可知，作者认为父母应该在孩子们玩电子游戏中扮演重要的角色，故选A。
53．篇章结构题。根据文章的理解，第一段通过列数字的方式举例说明电子游戏的好处和危险必须仔细考虑；第二、三段主要说电子游戏的优点；第四段说电子游戏的缺点；第五段再次总结说明电子游戏有优点也有缺点，要注意如何使用，B选项结构符合，故选B。
L
（2021·浙江衢州市·中考真题）
Did you have cereal（麦片）for breakfast this morning? If you did, you’re not alone. Lots of people eat cereal for breakfast every day. In fact, cereal is popular all over the world. It all started with one man, Will Keith Kellogg.
Will was born on April 7, 1860, in Battle Creek, Michigan. His first job was as a stock boy at the Battle Creek Sanitarium. A sanitarium is a special kind of place that is a little like a hospital. A sanitarium is meant for people who are ill for a long time or who are getting over a serious illness. Will had other jobs as he got older. But when he grew up, he became a manager of the sanitarium. His brother, John, was the chief doctor there.
One big problem at the sanitarium was the patients’ diets. The patients needed healthy diets, but it was also important for the food to taste good. Will was trying to find a good food choice to take the place of the bread, but it wasn’t going very well. Then, by accident, Will found something even better. He left some wheat to cook too long. When it was rolled out, it formed large, thin flakes. He asked his brother to serve it to the patients, and they loved it! In fact, they liked it so much that they wanted breakfast flakes sent to them even after they left the sanitarium. So Will started a new business in 1884: selling packaged breakfast flakes. Before long, Kellogg’s breakfast cereal was popular in other countries, too. Today, there are many kinds of breakfast cereals. But it all started with one man and one idea.
Will did more than just create breakfast flakes. His company made a lot of money. But he always shared it with others generously. He used much of his money to help children. He also used his money to help in several other charities（慈善机构）. Will Kdllogg died in 1951. But his most famous invention is as popular as ever.
54．Will worked as ______ before he became a manager of the sanitarium.
A．a chief doctor B．a stock boy C．a business man D．a cook
55．Which of the following is NOT TRUE about cereal according to the passage?______
A．It tasted better than bread. B．It was Will’s favourite food.
C．It was invented by accident. D．It is popular around the world.
56．Which word can describe Will Kellogg best?______
A．Funny. B．Nervous. C．Brave. D．Generous.
57．What is the purpose of the passage?______
A．To give advice on eating healthily. B．To introduce patients’ breakfast.
C．To describe Will and his invention. D．To explain how to make cereal.
【答案】
54．B
55．B
56．D
57．C
【分析】
文章介绍了麦片的发明过程以及它的发明人的情况。
54．细节理解题。根据“His first job was as a stock boy at the Battle Creek Sanitarium...But when he grew up, he became a manager of the sanitarium.”可知，Will在成为经理之前是疗养院的仓库管理员，故选B。
55．推理判断题。根据“He asked his brother to serve it to the patients, and they loved it! In fact, they liked it so much that they wanted breakfast flakes sent to them even after they left the sanitarium.”以及整个文章的理解可知，病人们非常喜欢麦片，而没有说麦片是Will最喜欢的食物，故选B。
56．推理判断题。根据“But he always shared it with others generously. He used much of his money to help children. He also used his money to help in several other charities（慈善机构）.”可知，他总是慷慨地与别人分享。他用很多钱帮助孩子们。他还用自己的钱帮助其他几个慈善机构，说明他是非常慷概大方的，故选D。
57．主旨大意题。根据整个文章的理解可知，文章主要是介绍麦片以及麦片的发明人的情况，故选C。
M
（2021·浙江衢州市·中考真题）

There are about 1.5 million kinds of living things on Earth, but how many do you see every day? You often see the big colourful animals, like birds, rabbits, and fish. But look more closely. Can you see the small ones, too? Insects（昆虫）make up 80 percent of all the world’s living kinds. Look on the ground. Imagine you could look under the ground, too. Many small living things with one cell live there. Life is everywhere around us, in every cubic foot (a foot= 12 inches).
David Littschwager is a photographer who wanted to find out how many living things lived in one cubic foot. So he made a 12-inch cube with a green metal frame. And then he put it in five habitats（栖息地）. He chose a tropical rainforest（Costa Rica）, a coral reef（Pacific Ocean), the Table Mountain(South Africa), a freshwater river(USA), and a small park(New York). Three weeks were spent at each place. He watched, counted, and took photos of everything down to I millimeter in size—that crawled（爬）or flew into the cube.
The results were amazing. Liittschwager found both common and rare living things. He discovered many new living kinds, like a strange transparent octopus that is the size of a fingernail! In total, more than a thousand living things were photographed. Liittchwager said the One Cubic Foot experience was like “finding treasure”. David Liittschwager also found that the highest biodiversity（生物多样性）in the reef was in the skeleton coral（珊瑚遗骨）. These skeleton coral are suitable for sea living things of all sizes to grow. Although the coral reef had the widest range of biodiversity, all the other habitats were full of life. Even the city park!
58．What does “one cubic foot” mean in Paragraph 2?______
A．1 inch x 1 inch B．1 inch x 1 inch x l inch
C．12 inches x 12 inches D．12 inches x 12 inches x 12 inches
59．What did David Liittschwager think of the One Cubic Foot experience?______
A．It was valuable. B．It was different. C．It was simple. D．It was common.
60．Which habitat has the most biodiversity?______
A．The tropical rainforest. B．The coral reef. C．The Table Mountain. D．The city park.
61．Which of the following is the best title for the passage?______
A．Life Is Everywhere B．Find Treasure in Nature
C．Five Habitats to Live in D．A Story of David Littschwager
【答案】
58．D
59．A
60．B
61．A
【分析】
文章介绍了地球上大约有150万种生物，但你每天能看到多少种？生命无处不在，一位摄影师大卫·利特施瓦格，他想知道一立方英尺有多少生物，并做了相应的实验，以及对他的实验的情况介绍。
58．细节理解题。根据“So he madea12-inch cube with a green metal frame.”可知，他做了一个12英寸的立方体，应该是长宽高都是12英寸，故选D。
59．推理判断题。根据“The results were amazing. Liittschwager found both common and rare living things.”可知，他认为实验的结果是令人惊讶的，他发现了普通和稀有的生物，所以说这个实验应该是有价值的，故选A。
60．细节理解题。根据“David Liittschwager also found that the highest biodiversity（生物多样性）in the reef was in the skeleton coral（珊瑚遗骨）...Although the coral reef had the widest range of biodiversity”可知，珊瑚礁有最广泛的生物多样性，故选B。
61．最佳标题题。根据“There are about 1.5 million kinds of living things on Earth...Life is everywhere around us, in every cubic foot”以及整个文章的理解可知，主要通过摄影师大卫·利特施瓦格的实验告诉我们，生命无处不在，故选A。
N
（2021·山东菏泽市·中考真题）
Think about what you like to wear on the weekend. There’s a good chance that you like to put on a pair of blue jeans. At any moment, about half of the world’s population is wearing jeans. But according to a new study, our love for jeans may be bad for Earth. Denim （牛仔布）might be putting some sea animals in danger.
Every time we wash our jeans, tiny bits of denim will flow out of our washing machines, down into the world’s rivers, lakes and oceans.
You might wonder: Isn’t denim made of cotton, a natural material? How can it become a danger to nature? Well, in the process of making jeans, denim is treated with many types of man-made chemicals. Some improve its durability （耐用性）and feel; others give jeans their blue color.
Scientists studied the Great Lakes in America and the Arctic Ocean in northern Canada. They found denim waste in all of the samples （样本）they had collected. It is feared that the harmful chemicals in denim have spread far and wide. Scientists aren’t yet sure how these chemicals might harm animals.
In the study, the scientists also washed jeans to see how many bits of denim each pair would drop per wash. The answer was frightening: About 50,000. Not all of them make their way into the environment. Wastewater treatment plants hold back 83 to 99 percent of them. This may sound pretty good, However, one percent of 50,000 bits are still 500 per wash. Now think about the number of jeans around the world and the times each of them gets washed. As a result, a large amount of denim waste still gets into the environment.
Does this mean we shouldn’t wear jeans? Probably not “We need to buy fewer jeans and only wash them when we truly need to do it,” says Sam Athey, one of the scientists. “You don’t need to wash your jeans after having worn them only a couple of times.”
62．What influence might denim have on sea animals?______
A．It might do harm to some sea animals.
B．It has no influence on sea animals.
C．It is good to all the sea animals.
63．Why do people add man-made chemicals when making jeans?______
①To save the materials and make more money.
②To improve denim’s durability and feel.
③To make jeans blue.
A．①② B．①③ C．②③
64．How many bits of denim might get into the environment every year?______
A．Five hundred. B．Fifty thousand. C．Too many to count.
65．What should we do according to Sam Athey’s words?______
A．We are not supposed to wear jeans.
B．We need to wash our jeans every day.
C．We should buy fewer jeans and wash them fewer times.
【答案】
62．A
63．C
64．C
65．C
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文，向我们介绍清洗牛仔布会对环境造成污染，建议我们少买牛仔裤，少清洗。
62．细节理解题。根据“Denim （牛仔布）might be putting some sea animals in danger.”可知，牛仔布可能会让一些海洋动物处于危险之中。故选A。
63．细节理解题。根据“Some improve its durability （耐用性）and feel; others give jeans their blue color.”可知，人们在制作牛仔裤时添加人造化学物质一是为了它的耐用性和触感，二是为了牛仔裤变成蓝色。故选C。
64．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中内容可知，每条牛仔裤都会有至少500片废料，结合“Now think about the number of jeans around the world and the times each of them gets washed. As a result, a large amount of denim waste still gets into the environment.”可知，每年有数不清的牛仔布会污染环境。故选C。
65．推理判断题。根据“We need to buy fewer jeans and only wash them when we truly need to do it”和“You don’t need to wash your jeans after having worn them only a couple of times.”可知，Sam Athey建议我们应该少买些牛仔裤，少洗几次。故选C。
O
（2021·江苏南京市·中考真题）
Imagine you choose to join WorldBook Day Book Club. Now you are reading a book on art for children.
About art
Art is a vast subject, including all kinds of pictures and sculptures. This book introduces 32 works by some of the world’s most famous artists. This is only a small selection, but it reveals（揭示）huge differences in what artists do.
Why make art?
Artists make art for many reasons. Sometimes, they just want to create something beautiful. But hundreds of years ago-when many people couldn’t read-paintings were often designed to illustrate stories.
Very grand paintings were usually made to order, for wealthy clients who wanted to impress people. More recently, artists have begun to paint to express their own feelings or explore ideas.
About this book
The pictures reproduced in this book were painted over the last 500 years. They are arranged（排列）in order of date, so you can see how ideas about art have changed over time. If you would like to see more art, there is lots on the Internet-just follow the links recommended throughout the book. If you can, visit an art gallery too, so you can experience seeing the “real thing” .
66．Why are the works introduced in the book?______
A．To tell readers huge differences in what artists do.
B．To offer readers all kinds of pictures and sculptures.
C．To share every famous artist’s life story with readers.
D．To introduce a number of works from an artist to readers.
67．The works in the book are arranged in order of ______
A．size B．space C．time D．importance
68．The passage above mainly ______.
A．gives an introduction to the book B．shows the size of each part in the book
C．shows the number of the artists in the book D．gives the reasons to order paintings in the book
【答案】
66．A
67．C
68．A
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文，向我们介绍一本关于艺术的书。
66．细节理解题。根据“This is only a small selection, but it reveals（揭示）huge differences in what artists do.”可知，这只是一小部分，但它揭示了艺术家们所做的巨大差异。故选A。
67．细节理解题。根据“They are arranged（排列）in order of date”可知，它们是按日期顺序排列的，故选C。
68．主旨大意题。本文向我们介绍一本关于艺术的书，选项A“为这本书作了介绍”符合主题，故选A。
P
（2021·江苏南京市·中考真题）
After reading so much, you may wonder how to make a book. It’s time for you to have a try!
Have you ever wondered how a book is made? It takes a lot of people to make a book. It can take months, or even years, for a book to go from an idea to a finished product.
A book begins when an author comes up with an idea for a book. Authors get ideas in different ways. They may get ideas from their own lives, from watching the world around them, or from reading.
Next, an author may plan the book by making an outline （提纲）. Sometimes authors do research to gather information. They may read books or articles. They may interview people or visit places.
Then, the author begins to write. Authors may write for months or years to finish a manuscript. A manuscript is the text an author produces for publication.
Finally, the author sends the completed manuscript to a publisher. If the publisher decides to publish the book, the author works with an editor. An editor reads the manuscript. Then he or she recommends changes to improve the book. A copy editor reads the manuscript to correct any grammatical mistake.
After an author makes the suggested changes, a designer may decide how the book will look. The designer may choose the size, shape, and type styles for the book. Some picture book authors create their own illustrations（插图）. If not, an illustrator is chosen to create pictures for the book.
The illustrator makes sketches of pictures that will go on each page. The sketches are sent to the publishing company. The editor makes sure the pictures clearly tell the story. The designer checks how the words and pictures will fit together on the pages.
After the design changes are made, the illustrator begins creating the final pictures. He or she may change the colours, the perspective, or the composition of pictures. It may take months to create all the pictures.
The finished art is then sent to the publisher. The designer adjusts（调整）how the pictures and words fit together on the pages. The completed pages are sent to the printer. Many books are still made into books with paper pages.
The printer uses huge printing presses to make the pages. The pages are fixed together. The book cover is added. The finished books are then sent to the publisher’s warehouse. They are stored there until they are bought by libraries and bookstores.
E-readers have changed how some books are made. Some authors do not use a publisher at all. Instead of sending a manuscript to a publisher, some authors turn their manuscripts into eBooks themselves. Finally, an author’s eBook is uploaded（上传）to virtual bookstores on the Internet. Customers can buy and download eBooks from these websites.
69．According to the passage, the designer’s job is to ______.
A．create pictures for the book B．make an outline of the book
C．decide how the book will look D．correct grammatical mistakes in the book
70．Your first book will be published soon. What will first happen to it after the illustrator has created the final pictures?______
A． B．
C． D．
71．The writer uses the LAST paragraph to ______.
A．introduce the history of eBooks B．describe the disadvantages of eBooks
C．show the development of making a book D．ask customers to support authors in making a book
72．The writer explains how to make a book by ______.
A．giving causes B．showing steps C．providing examples D．expressing opinions
73．What is the best title for the passage?______
A．From Idea to Book B．Different Kinds of Books
C．Workers in the Publishing House D．Between Publishers and Customers
【答案】
69．C
70．D
71．C
72．C
73．A
【分析】
本文向我们展示了制做一本书的过程，并提到最近比较流行的电子阅读器。
69．细节理解题。根据“After an author makes the suggested changes, a designer may decide how the book will look.”可知，作者做出建议的修改后，设计师可能会决定书的外观。故选C。
70．推理判断题。根据“The finished art is then sent to the publisher. The designer adjusts（调整）how the pictures and words fit together on the pages. The completed pages are sent to the printer.”可知，完成后的艺术作品会被送到出版商那里，设计师调整图片和文字在页面上的组合方式，完成的页面被发送到打印机。故选D。
71．推理判断题。分析最后一段内容可知，本段介绍制作一本书的发展，故选C。
72．细节理解题。分析全文内容可知，作者通过举例说明如何制作一本书。故选C。
73．最佳标题题。分析全文内容可知，本文向我们展示了制做一本书的过程，并提到最近比较流行的电子阅读器。选项A“从想法到书”符合语境，故选A。
Q
（2021·湖北宜昌市·中考真题）
Jonny, a 15-year-old student, is checking his dad’s old jacket. He says, “You’re 45. Dad, you’re never going to wear this again. Can I have it?”
Keith has had a bad day at work, and he is feeling old. And Jonny has hit his pain. Keith raises his voice and says, “What? You mean I’m too old to wear the jacket again?”
Jonny feels like this has come out of nowhere, and now he feels hurt. But I only asked, “Why are you shouting at me?”
“But I don’t like being treated as though I’m too old.” Both of them feel a bit upset.
Have you ever had a similar argument with the people around you? Here are some tips for you to remember when you’re getting mad.
● Accept your feelings and consider the other person’s feelings. That means not always making yourself “right” or “clever” and the other person “wrong” or “stupid”.
● Explain yourself and not the other person, so you can speak out your ideas by starting with “I” but not “You”.
● Don’t always have to reflect before reacting（回应）. If you feel angry, I think it’s a good idea to stop for a moment and understand why.
●Don’t decide the purpose of the other person by your guessing. Try to work out what he or she is feeling, and admit（承认）it if you were wrong.
Don’t forget that it’s never too late to start the ways of communicating.
74．From the passage, we can know Jonny ______.
A．is school boy B．doesn’t like his dad
C．thinks his dad is too old D．wants his dad’s new jacket
75．Jonny felt hurt because his dad ______.
A．hit is pain B．had a busy dag C．liked the jacket D．was angry with him
76．To avoid an argument, the writer gives us ______ suggestions.
A．2 B．3 C．4 D．5
77．According to the passage, if you want to express your ideas, you’d better begin like this: “______”.
A．You misunderstood me… B．I know how you feel, but…
C．They’re different from us… D．Things aren’t the same…
78．The best title for the passage can be ______.
A．Learn to Admit Your Mistakes Bravely
B．Be Patient with the People around You
C．An Argument between a Father and a Son
D．Good Ways of Communication Are Important
【答案】
74．A
75．D
76．C
77．B
78．D
【分析】
本文由Jonny和爸爸二人的争论，就生气给我们几条建议，告诉我们好的沟通方式很重要。
74．细节理解题。根据“Jonny, a 15-year-old student”可知，Jonny是一名学生，故选A。
75．细节理解题。根据“and now he feels hurt. But I only asked, ‘Why are you shouting at me?’”可知，Jonny感觉受伤是因为他的爸爸对他大叫、跟他生气。故选D。
76．细节理解题。根据“ Accept your feelings and consider the other person’s feelings.”，“ Explain yourself and not the other person…”，“Don’t always have to reflect before reacting（回应）.”和“Don’t decide the purpose of the other person by your guessing.”可知，作者给出四条建议，故选C。
77．推理判断题。根据“Explain yourself and not the other person, so you can speak out your ideas by starting with ‘I’ but not ‘You’.”可知，解释你自己而不是别人，这样你就可以从“我”而不是“你”开始说出你的想法。选项B“我知道你的感受，但是……”符合，故选B。
78．最佳标题题。根据“Don’t forget that it’s never too late to start the ways of communicating.”和全文内容可知，本文就生气给我们几条建议，告诉我们好的沟通方式很重要。故选D。
R
（2021·江苏盐城市·中考真题）
The following is adapted from a promotional film about Yancheng.

Here, you can come and go as you please.
___①___
Here, cars are manufactured, as well as happiness. Here, we open the door toward the future by upgrading industries.
Here, agriculture is about scientific cultivation, and also for tourism and education.
____②___
Here, we live in harmony with nature.
____③__
Here, the spirit of the Iron Army is remembered and carried forward.
____④___
Here, a modern city is being built and enriched with passion.
Here, broaden your horizon and open your heart.
Welcome to Yancheng!

79．What’s the main purpose of the film?______
A．To introduce Yancheng to the world. B．To show the sights of Yancheng.
C．To explain the history of Yancheng. D．To describe the development of Yancheng.
80．“Here, it is a paradise for animals and also animal lovers.” can be put in ______.
A．① B．② C．③ D．④
81．What might be the best title for the film?______
A．Old Yancheng. B．Busy Yancheng. C．Natural Yancheng. D．Loving Yancheng.
【答案】
79．A
80．C
81．D
【分析】
本文改编自一部关于盐城的宣传电影，向我们介绍盐城。
79．主旨大意题。本文改编自一部关于盐城的宣传电影，向我们介绍盐城。故选A。
80．推理判断题。根据“Here, we live in harmony with nature”可知，我们与自然和谐相处，题干中“Here, it is a paradise for animals and also animal lovers.这里是动物的天堂，也是动物爱好者的天堂”与自然相关，故选C。
81．最佳标题题。本文主要向我们介绍盐城，包括盐城的变化、工业、自然等方面，且根据结尾“Here, a modern city is being built and enriched with passion.Here, broaden your horizon and open your heart.”的描述，选项D“充满爱的盐城”符合主题，故选D。
S
（2021·四川广安市·中考真题）

A primary school headmaster became the latest star on the Internet for dancing with his students.
Zhang Pengfei works in Xiguan Primary School in Linyi, Shanxi Province. Every morning, he leads 700 pupils to do the “ghost shuffle” routine on the playground. They dance for 30 minutes every day. They like dancing more than doing the old exercise routine, so they don’t do the old one now.
“I thought we needed a change because the students lost interest in doing the old exercise routine though it was useful for pupils” Zhang told the reporter. After all, they started to do the old exercise routine in 1951.
Mr. Zhang saw a group of people doing the “ghost shuffle” routine by accident. Then he decided to learn it on his own. “I thought the dance would be great for kids,” he said, “The music is energetic and it really makes children relax.” In October 2018, he introduced the dance to all the pupils of his school. Soon even teachers and workers there joined in the activity.
“Now the pupils don’t keep playing games on their phones. Sometimes they watch different dancing videos and learn new moves!” the headmaster said.
82．The students do the “ghost shuffle” routine for ______ every week from Monday to Friday.
A．30 minutes B．1.5 hours C．2 hours D．2.5 hours
83．When did the students in Xiguan Primary School start to do the “ghost shuffle” routine?______
A．In 1951. B．In 2018. C．In 2019. D．In 2020.
84．How did Zhang Pengfei feel about the music of the “ghost shuffle” routine?______
A．Energetic and relaxing. B．Slow and traditional.
C．Classical and interesting. D．Quiet and relaxing.
85．After Mr. Zhang introduced the “ghost shuffle” routine to his school, the pupils ______.
A．became smarter
B．asked their parents to dance with them
C．didn’t do other types of sports any more
D．didn’t keep playing games on their phones
86．From the passage, we know ______.
A．the old exercise routine has a history of many years
B．only the students do the dance at Mr. Zhang’s school
C．Mr. Zhang learnt the dance on TV
D．Mr. Zhang often dances after work
【答案】
82．D
83．B
84．A
85．D
86．A
【分析】
这篇文章主要讲述了来自山西省临猗县西关小学的校长张鹏飞每天带领学生跳30分钟鬼步舞的事情。
82．细节理解题。根据“They dance for 30 minutes every day.”可知，每天跳30分钟，一周上五天学，就是150分钟，即2.5小时，故选D。
83．细节理解题。根据“In October 2018, he introduced the dance to all the pupils of his school. Soon even teachers and workers there joined in the activity.”可知，2018年10月，他向全校学生介绍了舞蹈。很快就连那里的老师和工人也参加了这项活动。故选B。
84．细节理解题。根据“he said, “The music is energetic and it really makes children relax.” ”可知，张鹏飞认为鬼步舞的音乐充满活力，令人放松，故选A。
85．细节理解题。根据“Now the pupils don’t keep playing games on their phones. Sometimes they watch different dancing videos and learn new moves!”可知，在张老师向学校的学生们介绍了鬼步舞之后，学生们不再一直玩手机游戏，故选D。
86．推理判断题。根据“ After all, hey started to do the old exercise routine in 1951.”可知，这个旧的锻炼方式从1951年就开始了，到现在已经有很多年的历史了，故选A。
T
（2021·四川广安市·中考真题）
DNA is the whole “map” of the human body. It is something that all humans have, and it tells the body what to do. DNA is the reason that we look like our parents, because we get some of the DNA to make our own.
People have been trying to understand the human body for a long time. In 1860, Mr. Mendel discovered why we look similar to other people in our family. It is because of small things called “genes（基因）” in our body. In 1953, two scientists, Watson and Crick, found out that those small parts are real messages. They are written in the DNA with a special language.
In 1961, another two scientists found the first “word” that they could understand in that language. It shows how DNA tells the cell（细胞）to build its parts. So far, scientists have found all the words in the DNA map, but we do not understand what they all do. By understanding what just one “word” means, we can help to save people from several illnesses. So the more we understand, the more doctors will be able to do.
Most people hope that this will help to make better medicine to help sick people. Other people worry that when we learn more “words” and find out more information, we will use in the wrong way, just to make people more attractive（有吸引力的）, or stop sick people getting jobs.
87．Who discovered why we look like other people in our family in 1860?______
A．Crick. B．Watson. C．Mr. Harris. D．Mr, Mendel.
88．The two scientists found ______ in 1961.
A．all the words in the DNA map
B．small things called “genes” in our body
C．the first “word” that they could understand in that language
D．the small parts are written in the DNA with a special language
89．How can we help sick people if we understand more “words” in the DNA map?______
A．Make better medicine B．Stop them getting jobs
C．Tell them what to do D．Make them attractive
90．According to the passage, all of the following are true except that ______.
A．we look like our parents because of “genes” in our body
B．we have understood what all the words in the DNA map do
C．DNA is the whole “map” of the human body
D．DNA tells the cell o build its parts
91．What do people think of this research about DNA? ______
A．It can be bad B．It can be good
C．It can be good but won't work. D．It can be good and bad.
【答案】
87．D
88．C
89．A
90．B
91．D
【分析】
文章介绍了DNA的发现历史，并介绍了这一发现对于人类生活的影响及人们对此的不同意见。
87．细节理解题。根据“In 1860, Mr. Mendel discovered why we look similar to other people in our family.”可知，是Mr. Mendel发现我们看起来像我们家的其他人，故选D。
88．细节理解题。根据“In 1961, another two scientists found the first “word” that they could understand in that language.”可知，1961年，另外两位科学家发现了他们用那种语言理解的词汇。故选C。
89．细节理解题。根据“By understanding what just one “word” means, we can help to save people from several illnesses...Most people hope that this will help to make better medicine to help sick people.”可知，人们对DNA信息了解的越多，医生们可以做的就越多，他们可以研制出更好的药来拯救病人，故选A。
90．推理判断题。根据“So far, scientists have found all the words in the DNA map, but we do not understand what they all do.”可知，到目前为止，科学家们已经发现了DNA上的所有信息，但是我们仍然不知道这些信息可以做什么，故选B。
91．观点态度题。根据“Most people hope that this will help to make better medicine to help sick people. Other people worry that when we learn more...or stop sick people getting jobs.”可知，人们对这一发现持正反两方面的意见。故选D。
U
（2021·湖北随州市·中考真题）

The world’s highest highway tunnel（公路隧道）, Mila Mountain Tunnel, was open to traffic on April 26, 2019, at an altitude（海拔）of over 4,750 meters above sea level in Southwest China’s Tibet.
The two-way tunnel is over 5.7 km long, which is a part of the 400-km highway connecting Lhasa with Nyingchi. People started building the tunnel on the 5,018-meter-high Mila Mountain in 2015. And it was finished in 2019, helping shorten the 18-km distance（距离）over the mountain to 5.7 km.
It wasn’t easy to build the highest tunnel in China. Terribly cold weather and too little oxygen（氧气）were two main difficulties. Besides, carrying everything to the building site（工地）was a great challenge for over 2,000 workers.
However, everyone at the site worked hard to finish building the tunnel on time and more than 10 latest techniques were developed while the workers were doing this great project. “We’ve worked here for several years and lived in simple houses,” said Xu Yong, the leader of the project. “Everything was so difficult, but we never feel sorry for ourselves here. It is a great project.”
The highway is an important way to the eastern part of Tibet. It can help to make more people visit Tibet and bring traffic convenience to local people.
92．How long did it take to finish building the two-way tunnel?______
A．About three years. B．About four years.
C．About five years. D．About six years.
93．What CANNOT we know from the second paragraph?______
A．How long the tunnel is. B．Where the tunnel is built.
C．How high the Mila Mountain is. D．What materials were used to build the tunnel.
94．What does the third paragraph mainly tell us?______
A．Why people wanted to build the tunnel.
B．How many workers worked in the construction（建设）of the tunnel.
C．What problems the workers faced when building the tunnel.
D．How the workers solved the problems of building the tunnel.
95．What can we infer from Xu Yong’s words?______
A．It’s worth putting much time and work into building the tunnel.
B．It took them many years to get used to living there.
C．They earned a lot of money by building the tunnel.
D．Their living and working conditions were not very bad.
96．What’s the writer’s purpose in writing the passage?______
A．To show the development of Tibet.
B．To encourage more people to travel to Tibet.
C．To introduce the altitude of the highway tunnel.
D．To tell something about the world’s highest highway tunnel.
【答案】
92．C
93．D
94．C
95．A
96．D
【分析】
本文主要关于世界上地理位置最高的公路隧道，介绍了它的基本信息、建造过程中的困难以及它的重要性。
92．细节理解题。根据“People started building the tunnel on the 5,018-meter-high Mila Mountain in 2015. And it was finished in 2019...”可知，大约花了五年的时间建成双向隧道。故选C。
93．推理判断题。根据“The two-way tunnel is over 5.7 km long”可知，我们可以知道隧道的长度；根据“which is a part of the 400-km highway connecting Lhasa with Nyingchi.”可知，我们可以知道隧道是在哪里建造的；根据“People started building the tunnel on the 5,018-meter-high Mila Mountain in 2015.”可知，我们可以知道米拉山的高度；建造隧道用了什么材料在第二段中未提及。故选D。
94．段落大意题。根据“It wasn’t easy to build the highest tunnel in China. Terribly cold weather and too little oxygen were two main difficulties. Besides...”可知，第三段主要介绍工人们在修建隧道时遇到了什么问题。故选C。
95．推理判断题。根据“Everything was so difficult, but we never feel sorry for ourselves here. It is a great project.”可知，徐勇认为虽然一切都很艰难，但是这是一个大工程，在修建这条隧道上花很多时间和精力是值得的。故选A。
96．主旨大意题。阅读全文可知，本文主要介绍世界上地理位置最高的公路隧道。故选D。
V
（2021·湖南常德市·中考真题）
Moderation（自我调节）
Pay attention to how you lead your life most of the time. A healthy lifestyle is one that doesn’t take extremes（极端）as a way of life. Be moderate in what you do.
Eat well
It is important to pay attention to both what you eat and how you eat. As Socrates said : “ You should eat to live ;not live to eat.” A different diet（饮食）with vegetables and fresh fruits is good for the brain. Also take time off for meals.
Exercise
Students must know the value of exercise because it plays a necessary part in counterbalancing（抵消）the stress（压力）responses produced in our bodies by having to meet exams.
Sleep
Students are getting less and less of sleep which might lead to more stress. The hours of sleep before midnight are thought to be the most helpful. For this reason students must re-regulate their body clock and go to bed and get up at regular time.
Express yourself
The way students feel about their work and other issues in their life plays a huge part in how they deal with stress. It is advisable that students should be realistic whatever happens in their lives.
To sum up, studies are really very important, but never at the expense（代价）of students’ physical and mental well-being. Besides, if students feel well they will be ready to face the challenges（挑战） of exams alive and kicking.
97．What food is good for the brain according to paragraph two?______
A．Vegetables and fruits. B．Hamburgers and meat. C．Rice and noodles.
98．When is the best time for a student to go to sleep?______
A．At 7:00 pm. B．At 10:00 pm. C．At 1:00 am.
99．Where can we most probably read this article?______
A．In a tour guide. B．On a web page for tips. C．In a daily newspaper.
100．What’s the best title of the reading?______
A．Stress in part of students’ lives
B．A healthy mind in a healthy body
C．Prepare for your exams with a healthy body and mind
【答案】
97．A
98．B
99．B
100．B
【分析】
文章介绍了学生要学会从不同的方面进行自我调节，学习确实非常重要，但决不能以牺牲学生的身心健康为代价。
97．细节理解题。根据“A different diet（饮食）with vegetables and fresh fruits is good for the brain.”可知，水果和蔬菜对大脑有好处，故选A。
98．推理判断题。根据“The hours of sleep before midnight are thought to be the most helpful.”可知，午夜前的睡眠时间被认为是最有帮助的。也就是12点之前睡觉是最好的，而7点又太早了，故选B。
99．推理判断题。根据整个文章的理解可知，主要是介绍学生要从几个的方面教学生进行自我调节，减轻压力，应该是来自一个健康网页的提示，故选B。
100．最佳标题题。根据整个文章的理解可知，文章主要介绍了学生应该如何调节自己，来获得健康的身心，故选B。
W
（2021·湖南岳阳市·中考真题）

101．From the picture, the rubbish is divided into ______ kinds.
A．three B．four C．five
102．You can throw used paper into the ______ bin.
A．harmful rubbish B．other rubbish C．recyclable rubbish
【答案】
101．B
102．C
【分析】
本文向我们介绍了垃圾分类的四种类型和相对应的一些垃圾。
101．细节理解题。根据图片提示可知，垃圾分为四种。故选B。
102．细节理解题。根据图片提示可知，用过的纸应投入可回收垃圾桶中，故选C。
X
（2021·湖南岳阳市·中考真题）

Live-streamers
He Wei
Wu Ming
Mei Ping
Items



Time
8:30 a.m. —10:00 a.m.
2:00 p.m.—4:00 p.m.
7:00 p.m.—8:30 p.m.
Live-streaming Rooms 直播间
Prices
¥150 each ¥280 for two
¥800 for 1 kilo
¥1999
Introductions
·made of Xinjiang cotton
·sizes: XS, S, M,L, XL
·produced in Yunnan
·made by hand
·wifi connection
·dry and wet
separation （干湿分离）

103．What are Li Ning T-shirts made of?______
A．Wool(羊毛). B．Silk. C．Xinjiang cotton.
104．Whose live-streaming room will you go if you want to buy a Hai'er fridge?______
A．He Wei’s. B．Wu Ming’s. C．Mei Ping’s.
105．How much do you need to pay for two Li Ning T-shirts and one kilo of Pu’er tea?______
A．¥950. B．¥1080. C．¥1100.
【答案】
103．C
104．C
105．B
【分析】
本文介绍了三个人的直播间所售卖的产品的情况。
103．细节理解题。根据“made of Xinjiang cotton”可知，是由新疆棉制成的，故选C。
104．细节理解题。根据“Mei Ping”及产品的照片，可知，美萍的直播间是售卖海尔冰箱的，故选C。
105．细节理解题。根据“¥150 each ¥280 for two”及“¥800 for 1 kilo”可知，两件李宁的衣服需要280元，一公斤的普洱茶需要800元，加在一起总共1080元，故选B。
Y
（2021·湖北武汉市·中考真题）
TECH& LIFE
MEMORY HELPER
A talented young team from Ireland, the creators of Memory Helper, developed this support app (应用软件) for people with dementia (痴呆). And they won the final at the 2020 competition, standing out among 5,400 students from 62 countries, Mars Times reported.
Last year, Laura, Aaron and Vicky put their heads together for Technovation Kids(TK), an international competition that encourages teenagers to create an app that solves a community problem.
The inspiration for their project came from their teacher's mother, who had dementia and died earlier this year.
To complete their project, the three designed an app to support both people with dementia and their caregivers. The app solves some common problems connected with dementia like loss(失去) of memory.
“We hope that our app can reach millions of people who have dementia and just make their lives kind of easier, ” Laura said.


106．The app Memory Helper ______.
A．is used worldwide B．is designed for the old
C．helps deal with dementia D．connects people's brains
107．Where was the idea of creating Memory Helper from?______
A．The illness of a woman B．The advice of some students.
C．A scientific problem D．An international competition.
108．The small program Memory Game in the photo is probably to ______.
A．kill time B．practice the brain
C．store memories D．find back lost things
109．From the material above, we can know that ______.
A．the photo was provided by Laura
B．Technovation Kids took place in Ireland on June 21
C．Wuhan Daily reported the news before Mars Times
D．the news Memory Helper comes from TECH& LIFE section
110．The passage mainly tells us ______.
A．international competitions are important
B．a teacher helped three kids win the final
C．three teenagers have made something useful
D．everyone can realize their technology dream
【答案】
106．C
107．A
108．B
109．D
110．C
【分析】
本文介绍了一款应用软件——Memory Helper，它可以帮助痴呆患者，使他们的生活更容易。
106．细节理解题。根据“A talented young team from Ireland, the creators of Memory Helper, developed this support app (应用软件) for people with dementia (痴呆).”可知Memory Helper为了痴呆的人开发的软件。故选C。
107．细节理解题。根据“The inspiration for their project came from their teacher's mother, who had dementia and died earlier this year.”可知项目的灵感来自他们老师的母亲。故选A。
108．推理判断题。根据“The app solves some common problems connected with dementia like loss(失去) of memory.”可知应用软件能够帮助痴呆患者减缓记忆力下降，因此可推测“记忆游戏”应该是锻炼大脑的。故选B。
109．推理判断题。根据左上角的“TECH& LIFE”可知这篇材料应该出现在报纸上的科技与生活版块。故选D。
110．主旨大意题。根据“A talented young team from Ireland, the creators of Memory Helper, developed this support app (应用软件) for people with dementia (痴呆). ”可知本文主要介绍三个年轻人为痴呆人群开发的应用软件，他们做了有意义的事。故选C。
Z
（2021·四川眉山市·中考真题）
Have you ever imagined the life in space? The following will show you the astronauts’ daily life.
● Eating in space
If you go camping for more than a week with some friends, you will make sure you have plenty of foods and keep them properly. At the end of your camping trip, you would deal with your rubbish properly before the ride home.
Astronauts almost do the same thing when they go to space. Preparation changes with the food type. Some foods can be eaten in their natural forms, such as chocolate cakes and fruits. Other foods require adding water, such as cheese. Of course, an oven is provided at the space station to heat the food. But there are no fridges, so space food must be kept properly.
● Sleeping in space
After a long day at work, nothing is better than a good night’s sleep! Just like on the earth, in space astronauts go to bed at a certain time, then get up and prepare for work again. When going to sleep, they have to attach themselves, so they don’t float (漂浮) around or hit their bodies against something. They usually use sleeping bags located in small crew cabins (乘员舱). Each crew cabin is just big enough for one person. Generally, astronauts have an eight-hour sleep each day when they finish their task.
● Doing sports in space
Exercise is an important part of every astronaut’s daily life to prevent muscle loss (肌肉萎缩). Usually, astronauts exercise two hours every day. Lifting 200 pounds on the earth may be a lot of work. But lifting that same object in space would be much easier. That means the things for exercise need to be specially designed, so astronauts can receive the exercise needed.
Living in space is not just all work and no play. Astronauts have fun, too. They like to look out the window and play with their food. Fun plays an important role in the quality of their life.
111．The writer starts to explain eating in space by ______.
A．telling a story B．asking a question C．giving an example D．comparing two facts
112．What does the underlined word “attach” in Paragraph 4 mean?______
A．Tie. B．Hide. C．Catch. D．Carry.
113．It is much easier for people ______ in space than on the earth.
A．to fall asleep B．to lift heavy things C．to prevent muscle loss D．to eat cold food
114．In which part of a newspaper can we read the passage?______
A．CULTURE. B．SOCIETY. C．SCIENCE. D．HISTORY.
【答案】
111．C
112．A
113．B
114．C
【分析】
文章主要介绍了宇航员在太空中的日常生活。
111．篇章结构题。根据“If you go camping for more than a week with some friends, you will make sure you have plenty of foods and keep them properly.”可知作者通过一个例子来解释在太空吃东西。故选C。
112．词义猜测题。根据“so they don’t float around or hit their bodies against something”可知为了不到处漂浮或撞倒东西，睡觉时应该把自己系在某些地方，attach意为“系上”。故选A。
113．细节理解题。根据“Lifting 200 pounds on the earth may be a lot of work. But lifting that same object in space would be much easier.”可知人们在太空中举起重物比在地球上容易得多。故选B。
114．推理判断题。文章主要介绍了宇航员在太空中的日常生活。我们能在报纸的科学栏读到这篇文章。故选C。
A1
（2021·四川眉山市·中考真题）
Governments around the world are pushing for an end to plastic straws (吸管) and bags. More and more businesses are turning to paper products as a choice. Paper is considered by many to be better than plastic. However, it, too, is harmful to the environment.
Firstly, paper bags and straws are made from trees. Trees, as you know, can reduce (减少) carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) levels in the atmosphere. They can slow down climate (气候) change. An increase in the use of paper bags can cause more acts of cutting down trees.
Secondly, products made from paper require more energy and water. About 10 percent more energy and four times as much water is used to produce a paper bag than a plastic one. You might say that we can use recycled paper to save that energy and water. This seems to be a good idea. However, it takes even more energy and water to go through the recycling process than to make a brand new paper bag. Products made from recycled paper are also often short-lived.
Thirdly, paper products are heavier than plastic ones. That means they require more oil to transport. Seven trucks are needed to transport two million paper bags, while only one truck is needed to transport the same number of plastic bags. The increased weight also leads to a large amount of waste once the bags are thrown away.
Paper products are actually a lose-lose for both the environment and businesses. They are more expensive than plastic products. A paper straw costs about 5 to 12 cents, while a plastic one usually costs only about 2 cents.
The most environment-friendly solution is to avoid single-use products altogether. Products like glass water bottles and steel straws can be used over and over again. They are much better than either paper products or plastic products. Through increasing the use of these products, you can greatly reduce your throwaway waste and truly make our Earth a greener place!
115．What does the underlined word “They” in Paragraph 2 refer to?______
A．Plastic products. B．Trees. C．Paper products. D．Businesses.
116．Compared with transporting two million plastic bags, transporting two million paper bags requires ______.
A．fewer trucks B．six more trucks C．twice as many trucks D．the same number of trucks
117．The writer compared the price of a paper straw and that of a plastic straw to show that ______.
A．paper products are not a good choice for businesses
B．it is difficult for all businesses to turn to paper products
C．most people believe paper products are better than plastic ones
D．paper products are as harmful to the environment as plastic ones
118．By writing this article, the writer mainly wanted to ______.
① compare plastic products with paper ones
② correct people’s wrong ideas about paper products
③ suggest people use reusable products like steel straws
④ list the advantages and disadvantages of using paper products
A．①② B．③④ C．①④ D．②③

【答案】
115．B
116．B
117．A
118．D
【分析】
作者通过一些事实来证明纸制品并不是环保的，最环保的解决方案是完全避免使用一次性物品。
115．代词指代题。根据“Trees, as you know, can reduce carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere. They can slow down climate change.”可知此处讲树能减缓气候变化，“They”指代上文出现过的“trees”。故选B。
116．细节理解题。根据“Seven trucks are needed to transport two million paper bags, while only one truck is needed to transport the same number of plastic bags.”可知运送200万个纸袋需要7两卡车，而运送同样的塑料袋需要1辆卡车，相比之下运输200万个纸袋需要多用6辆卡车。故选B。
117．细节理解题。根据“Paper products are actually a lose-lose for both the environment and businesses. They are more expensive than plastic products. A paper straw costs about 5 to 12 cents, while a plastic one usually costs only about 2 cents.”可知作者比较了纸质吸管和塑料吸管的价格，表明纸质产品不是企业的好选择。故选A。
118．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，作者主要通过一些事实来证明纸制品并不是环保的，最环保的解决方案是完全避免使用一次性物品，写这篇文章主要是为了纠正人们对纸制品的错误观念并建议人们使用可重复使用的产品，如钢吸管。故选D。
B1
（2021·浙江台州市·中考真题）
The Youth Climate Summit (气候峰会) a week-long festival of climate action for primary and middle schools in the UK, starts on 9 November. It aims to create a fairer, more environmental world and make promises that will help the planet. Climate change is the long-term changes in the world’s weather patterns that are mostly caused by human activity. “Unlike world leaders,” say the summit’s organizers, “young people are refusing to let it drop off the plan.”
Each day has a topic, which includes food and fashion, looking at how humans harm the environment and how to save the planet. Organizations are leading some on line activities. For example, the Marine Conservation Society is hosting meetings on protecting sea fish. Separately, the environmental organization Greenpeace is running a workshop on how to turn worn-out clothing into something new and wearable.
The summit will finish on 13 November, when youth ambassadors (大使) wants schools to stop paper waste. Max, another 16-year-old ambassador wants schools to organize more trips and activities that get students outside to experience the beauty of nature. As part of the summit, hundreds of schools across the country are signing up to the Let’s Go Zero activity, aiming to become carbon-zero (零碳的) by 2030.
Carbon-zero schools are ones that promise to stop emitting carbon in seven areas, including where they get their food and how they use water and recycle their waste. The activity is run by Ashden, a charity working towards climate solutions. Ashden hopes that schools will be able to help each other by sharing ideas and methods. It is also calling on the Government to back the promise. Head over to transform-our-world.org where you can find out more.
119．The writer develops the first sentence in Paragraph 2 mainly by ______.
A．telling stories B．comparing facts C．giving examples D．listing numbers
120．Max advises schools to ______.
A．recycle and reuse old clothes
B．prevent students from wasting paper
C．have meetings on saving endangered sea fish
D．provide more chances for students to enjoy the nature
121．The underlined word "emitting" in Paragraph 4 is the closest in meaning to “______”.
A．using up B．taking in C．sending out D．cutting down
122．The purpose of the passage is mainly to ______.
A．explain the problems with climate change
B．develop children’s ability to solve social problems
C．introduce the environmental organizations to schools
D．encourage young people to care more about climate change
【答案】
119．C
120．D
121．C
122．D
【分析】
文章主要讲了气候变化问题及各组织所举办的相关活动和发出的建议，以此来呼吁更多的年轻人关注气候变化问题。
119．细节理解题。根据“For example, the Marine Conservation Society is hosting meetings on protecting sea fish. Separately, the environmental organization Greenpeace is running a workshop on how to turn worn-out clothing into something new and wearable.”列举了Marine Conservation Society和Greenpeace两个组织的具体行动，表明作者是通过列举具体示例来说明第一句的。故选C。
120．细节理解题。根据“Max, another 16-year-old ambassador wants schools to organize more trips and activities that get students outside to experience the beauty of nature.”可知Max建议学校多组织一些户外的短途旅行和活动等，以此来帮助学生体验大自然的美，故选D。
121．词义猜测题。根据“Carbon-zero schools”以及全文都提及气候变化，可推测出"零碳学校"倡导的是停止碳的“排放"。emitting与“sending out”意思相近。故选C。
122．主旨大意题。根据文中的第一段提及的气候变化和环境问题以及后文介绍了不同组织所举办的各项活动和所发出的各项倡议，可知作者的意图是通过文章来呼吁更多的年轻人关注气候变化的问题。故选D。
C1
（2021·浙江台州市·中考真题）
If we want to grow as people, we can’t just depend on our own evaluation (评价) of how we’re doing. We also need to know what other people think about our performance. Receiving feedback (反馈) from others can help us see the larger picture and show us a way forward to success. However, someone has to give that feedback, and sometimes, that someone will be you. How should you deal with this?
First things first—if you notice a situation in which some feedback would be helpful, give it as soon as you can. If you wait until the matter disappears from the person’s mind, they might not understand what you’re trying to tell them. Take the person to a safe, comfortable place and offer your advice in private.
When you’re giving feedback, it’s important to keep in mind that no one likes to be told they’re doing a bad job. Make sure you give an equal (相等的) amount of good feedback to balance out (平衡) anything bad. Like the saying goes, “A spoonful of sugar helps the medicine go down.”
All good feedback shares something in common. First, it should help achieve a goal. It’s less useful to tell your friends that their dish tastes “interesting” than it is to suggest adding a little salt. Feedback should also look toward the future. You can’t change what’s already happened, but you can prevent it from happening again. Tell your friends they should take more notes in class instead of talking about how they should have studied harder for the big history exam they failed.
Finally, don’t think your suggestion is the only correct way to deal with a situation. You might even end up with some feedback on your feedback. Don’t take it personally — it can only help you give better advice next time
123．What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?______
A．Seeing the picture. B．Giving feedback
C．Receiving feedback. D．Showing a way to success
124．Why is it important to give feedback in time according to Paragraph 2?______
A．You might forget to tell the person later on.
B．Perhaps the person wants the feedback right away.
C．Maybe the person needs time to understand your advice.
D．If you wait too long, the person might forget what’s happened.
125．What can we infer (推断) from the underlined saying in Paragraph 3?______
A．It’s helpful to keep on giving bad feedback.
B．It’s difficult to do a good job all the time.
C．It’s better to balance good and bad feedback.
D．It’s important to think twice before giving feedback.
126．The passage is mainly about ______.
A．what characters good feedback includes
B．how people should give feedback properly
C．the differences between good and bad feedback
D．the importance of giving and receiving feedback
【答案】
123．B
124．D
125．C
126．B
【分析】
文章主要讲人们应该如何恰当地给予反馈。
123．代词指代题。根据“However, someone has to give that feedback, and sometimes, that someone will be you. How should you deal with this?”可知此处问该如何处理反馈，this指代上文中出现过的“feedback”。故选B。
124．细节理解题。根据“First things first—if you notice a situation in which some feedback would be helpful, give it as soon as you can. If you wait until the matter disappears from the person’s mind, they might not understand what you’re trying to tell them.”可知及时给予反馈很重要是因为如果你等得太久，对方可能会忘记发生了什么。故选D。
125．推理判断题。根据第三段第一句提及没有人喜欢被告知自己做的不好。第二句中又提到“Make sure you give an equal amount of good feedback to balance out anything bad.”可知，在给出反馈的时候需要平衡好的反馈和坏的反馈。故选C。
126．主旨大意题。根据文章的结构，第一段总起人的成长不仅仅需要自我的评价，还要接受他人的反馈，更要懂得如何给予他人反馈。后文第二段讲反馈要及时；第三段讲述平衡好的和不好的反馈等都是在叙述如何合适的给予反馈。故选B。
D1
（2021·天津中考真题）
There are many deserts (沙漠) on the earth. And the following are some facts you may find interesting.
What are deserts like?
Deserts can be hot and dry places. Rain may not fall there for months or years. Some deserts are sandy and stony (多石的). Deserts can also be very windy places. The wind can change the shape of the deserts. It moves sand around from place to place.
Temperatures in the desert can vary enormously(非常). During the daytime, the temperature may reach 40℃ even in the shade (阴凉处). At night, deserts can become very cold. In winter there may even be a frost (霜冻) in the early morning.
Living in the desert
The camel is sometimes called “the ship of the desert”. It stores food in its hump (驼峰) and can go for days without water. It has large feet which help it not to fall into the soft sand. Its long eyelashes (睫毛) keep out the sand during sandstorms.
An oasis is an area of the desert where water may be found. The water may be in pools or under the ground. People and animals visit an oasis for water and food. Plants grow at an oasis. Some farmers are able to grow crops here.
The Arabian Desert
The Arabian Desert lies between the Red Sea and the Arabian Gulf. In some parts of the desert, it is too hot for people to live. Oil was discovered under parts of the desert and in the Arabian Gulf. This oil has made some countries in the area very rich. Much of the money has been spent building fine cities with lovely parks and lakes, and people live a comfortable life there.
127．Which of the following can best describe deserts?______
A．Hot and dry. B．Sandy and rainy. C．Wet and stony. D．Windy and snowy.
128．The word “vary” in the passage means “______”.
A．be low B．be high C．be similar D．be different
129．The camel has long eyelashes to ______.
A．stay cool in deserts B．go for days without water
C．help it not to fall into the soft sand D．keep out the sand during sandstorms
130．According to the passage, people and animals visit an oasis for ______.
A．frost and crops B．sand and stones C．water and food D．money and oil
131．What is the best title of the passage?______
A．What is the weather like in deserts? B．What do you know about deserts?
C．How do people live in deserts? D．Where is the Arabian Desert?
【答案】
127．A
128．D
129．D
130．C
131．B
【分析】
文中主要介绍了一些关于沙漠的常识。
127．细节理解题。根据“Deserts can be hot and dry places.”可知，沙漠又热又干。故选A。
128．词义猜测题。根据“During the daytime, the temperature may reach 40℃ even in the shade. At night, deserts can become very cold.”可知，沙漠中温度变化很大。vary意为“变化”。故选D。
129．细节理解题。根据“Its long eyelashes keep out the sand during sandstorms.”可知，骆驼的长睫毛是为了在沙尘暴来袭时挡住沙子。故选D。
130．细节理解题。根据“People and animals visit an oasis for water and food.”可知，人和动物到绿洲是为了水和食物。故选C。
131．标题归纳题。文中主要介绍了一些关于沙漠的常识，以“What do you know about deserts?”做标题最合适。故选B。
E1
（2021·四川达州市·中考真题）

With her eyes feeling increasingly tired and her vision blurry (视力模糊的), 16-year-old Tian Ting went to the hospital with her parents in January. She was shocked when she found out that her eyesight dropped from 5.0 to 4.6 in only a term. “A few of my friends have had the same experience lately,” Tian said.
In fact, poor eyesight among Chinese primary and high school students rose from 59.2 percent to 70.6 percent in the first six months of 2020, according to the Ministry of Education.
To protect students’ eyesight, the Chinese government has worked out new requirements (要求) for school supplies (供应品) and equipments that will take effect (生效) on March 1, 2022. For example, according to the requirements, the size of text in students’ textbooks should be no smaller than nine-point. Teachers should also try not to use projectors (投影仪) or other multimedia equipments (多媒体设备) that are too bright, Beijing Daily reported. There are also requirements for desks and classroom lights. For example, these lights should give off (散发) as little blue light as possible.
Blue light is bad for our eyes, as it can kill the photoreceptor cells (光感器细胞) we need for vision, according to Harvard Medical School. Many of the electronic devices we use every day, like our phones and computer screens, give off blue light.
Chinese government has also taken other steps to protect students’ eyesight in China. In May 2020, the National Health Commission urged schools to make sure that students have at least two hours of outdoor activity a day.
132．In the first half of 2020, there were ______ of students becoming short-sighted.
A．0.4 % B．11.4 % C．59.2 % D．70.6 %
133．The writer probably agrees that ______.
A．schools use textbooks with the smaller size of text
B．teachers use over-bright multimedia equipments
C．students are made sure to have fewer than two hours of outdoor activity a day
D．schools use lights that give off less blue light
134．What’s the best title of the passage?______
A．How to protect us from illness. B．How to have outdoor activity.
C．How to use electronic devices. D．How to protect students’ eyesight.
【答案】
132．D
133．D
134．D
【分析】
根据教育部的数据，在2020年上半年中，中国中小学生视力问题的人数从59.2%上升到了70.6%，为了保护学生的视力，中国政府对学习用品和设备制定了新的要求，将于2022年3月1日生效。
132．细节理解题。根据“In fact, poor eyesight among Chinese primary and high school students rose from 59.2 percent to 70.6 percent in the first six months of 2020, according to the Ministry of Education.”可知在2020年上半年，有70.6%的学生患有近视。故选D。
133．观点态度题。根据“There are also requirements for desks and classroom lights. For example, these lights should give off as little blue light as possible.”可知作者可能会同意学校使用蓝光较少的灯。故选D。
134．标题归纳题。文章主要讲中国中小学生有视力问题的人数上升极快，为保护学生视力，中国政府对学习用品和设备制定了新的要求。用“How to protect students’ eyesight.”做标题最合适。故选D。
F1
（2021·浙江宁波市·中考真题）
Have you ever entered a tropical rainforest(热带雨林)? Rainforests make up only a small part of the Earth’s surface, about six percent, but there are more kinds of trees than any other area in the whole world.
Tropical rainforests are in Africa, Asia, Central and South America, Australia, and on the Pacific islands. The largest tropical rainforest is the Amazon (亚马逊)Rainforest in South America, which covers 1. 2 billion acres, or almost five million square kilometres. The second largest rainforest is in Western Africa.
Rainforests provide us with many things. In fact, the Amazon Rainforest is the “lungs of our planet” because it produces 20%of the world’s oxygen (氧气). One fifth of the world’s fresh water is also found in the Amazon Rainforest. Furthermore, one half of the world’s species of animals, plants and insects live in the Earth’s rainforests. 80% of the food we eat first grew in the rainforest. 25%of the drugs we take when we are sick are made of plants that grow only in rainforests. Some of these drugs are even used to fight and cure cancer.
There are four different levels of trees in a rainforest. The forest floor is the lowest layer full of animal life and receives the least amount of light. The under storey is the dark, cool environment under the leaves but over the ground. The canopy layer is the upper parts of most of the trees. The emergent layer contains a small number of very tall trees.
These different parts of a rainforest exist together to create an ecosystem for many animals, plants and human beings.
135．This passage is mainly about ______.
A．kinds of forest B．where rainforests are
C．facts about rainforests D．how much oxygen rainforests make
136．The Amazon Rainforest provides us with ______ percent of the world’s oxygen.
A．twenty B．twenty-five C．fifty D．eighty
137．Where can we probably find a tropical rainforest according to the passage?______
A．In France. B．In China. C．In Canada. D．In Britain.
138．Which is the right picture to show four different levels of trees in a rainforest?______
A． B． C． D．

【答案】
135．C
136．A
137．B
138．D
【分析】
本文主要介绍热带雨林的一切情况，包括最大的热带雨林，雨林的用途以及热带雨林的分层。
135．主旨大意题。结合全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了热带雨林的一些情况，故选C。
136．细节理解题。根据第三段“the Amazon Rainforest is the “lungs of our planet” because it produces 20%of the world’s oxygen.”可知，亚马逊雨林为我们提供了世界上20%的氧气，故选A。
137．推理判断题。根据第二段“Tropical rainforests are in Africa, Asia, Central and South America, Australia, and on the Pacific islands.”可知，热带雨林分布在非洲、亚洲、中南美洲、澳大利亚和太平洋岛屿上，中国属于亚洲，所以我们可能在中国能找到热带雨林，故选B。
138．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“There are four different levels of trees in a rainforest. The forest floor is the lowest layer…The under storey is the dark, cool environment…The canopy layer is the upper parts of most of the trees. The emergent layer contains a small number of very tall trees.”可知，雨林中有四种不同层次的树木。地面层是充满动物生命的最低层，接收的光线最少，灌木层是树叶下面的阴暗凉爽的环境，但是在地面上，树冠层是大部分树木的顶部，露生层包含了一小部分高大的树木。根据图示，故选D。
G1
（2021·江苏苏州市·中考真题）
On the bottom of most plastic packaging（包装）, there’s a small triangle （三角）with a letter or a number written inside. These little symbols are not easy to be noticed, but are really important. They tell you what kind of plastic it is and whether it can be recycled or not.
Can it be recycled?
Types of Plastic
√

Pet This is the plastic that you often see on supermarket shelves! It’s used to make plastic water bottles and biscuit boxes.
√

HDPE
HDPE is a stronger type of plastic. It is what milk bottles are made of.
×

LDPE
LDPE is a very soft plastic which is not easily broken. It is what shopping bags are made of.
×

PS (POLYSTYRENE]
This plastic is often seen in our daily life. You’ll probably have seen it as those cheap white cups you get hot drinks in, or as takeaway food packaging.

139．Which is a stronger type of plastic?______
A．PET B．HDPE C．LDPE D．PS
140．Which of the following uses PET plastic?______
A．Milk bottles. B．Hot drink white cups.
C．Drinking water bottles. D．Takeaway food packaging.
141．What is the purpose of this article?______
A．To introduce types of plastic. B．To display reusable items.
C．To explain recycling methods. D．To recommend shopping bags.
【答案】
139．B
140．C
141．A
【分析】
文章介绍了几种不同类型的塑料，包括它们常被用于制作什么以及是否可以回收利用等。
139．细节理解题。根据“HDPE is a stronger type of plastic.”可知，HDPE是一种强度更大的塑料，故选B。
140．细节理解题。根据“Pet This is the plastic that you often see on supermarket shelves! It’s used to make plastic water bottles and biscuit boxes.”可知，Pet类的塑料被用来制作塑料水瓶和饼干盒。故选C。
141．主旨大意题。根据“They tell you what kind of plastic it is and whether it can be recycled or not.”以及下文的介绍可知，文章主要是介绍几种塑料的类型，故选A。
H1
（2021·江苏苏州市·中考真题）
Chinese is mainly divided into 13 dialects（方言）and these dialects can be further divided into many kinds of local dialects. Putonghua (or Mandarin) the predominant dialect, is spoken by over 70% of the population and is one of the 6 official languages of the United Nations. Within these large dialect groups, there are small groups, many of which are difficult to understand. In Fujian, for example, people living 10 kilometres away from one another can be speaking different Min dialects.
Putonghua. It is the mother dialect of Chinese living in northern China and Sichuan Province. It is called Guoyu in some parts of China, like Hong Kong, Macao（澳门）and Taiwan. It is known in English as Mandarin Chinese, or Standard Chinese.
Wu. Spoken in Shanghai, most of Zhejiang and the southern parts of Jiangsu and Anhui. Wu is made up of hundreds of different of spoken forms.
Hakka/Kejia. Hakka is widely spoken in Fujian, Taiwan, and some countries in Southeast Asia.
Min. It is spoken in Fujian, Taiwan, and Southeast Asia. Min group is the most diverse（多样的）, with many different spoken forms used in neighbouring countries.
Yue. It is spoken in Guangdong, Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan, all over Southeast Asia and by many Chinese living abroad.
142．What does the underlined word “predominant” mean?______
A．More beautiful. B．More special. C．More interesting. D．More common.
143．What do you know about Putonghua after reading this passage?______
A．It is used by a small group of people in China.
B．It is spoken only by people in Mainland China.
C．It is included in the official languages of the United Nations.
D．It is the mother dialect of people living in southern China.
144．Based on he passage, which of the following is true?______
A．Most people in Anhui speak Kejia. B．Wu is the local dialect of Shanghai.
C．Yue has the most different spoken forms. D．Most people in Hong Kong speak Min.
【答案】
142．D
143．C
144．B
【分析】
本文主要介绍了中国的不同方言。
142．词义猜测题。根据“is spoken by over 70% of the population and is one of the 6 official languages of the United Nations”可知，70%以上的人口说普通话，普通话还是联合国六种官方语言之一，可以猜测“predominant”的意思是“更普遍的，更常见的”。故选D。
143．细节理解题。根据“Putonghua (or Mandarin) the predominant dialect, is spoken by over 70% of the population and is one of the 6 official languages of the United Nations.”可知，普通话是联合国六种官方语言之一。故选C。
144．推理判断题。根据“Wu. Spoken in Shanghai, most of Zhejiang and the southern parts of Jiangsu and Anhui.”可知，吴语是上海的方言，B选项表述正确。故选B。
I1
（2021·江苏苏州市·中考真题）

Everybody has a brain, but not many people know how the brain works. Some people believe that the brain is like the hard disk of a computer. We use it to store files—pictures, language (words, texts, sounds) and so on. Others compare the brain to a huge cupboard with lots of shelves and boxes in it. We put information into these boxes and hope to find it again later.
The brain is not A computer disk, And it isn’t a cupboard. Look at the picture here. It looks a bit like weeds（杂草）in a garden, doesn’t it? The picture actually shows a child’s neocortex—a part of the brain that controls sight and hearing. You can guess what happens—more “weeds” grow as the child gets older. Scientists call these neuronal（神经元的）networks. The networks grow around our neurons. -What makes them grow? Learning! “Learning is brain change,” says Professor James Zull from Case Western University in Cleveland, Ohio, USA．“Without learning, nothing changes in the brain. For every new word you learn in your English lesson, every problem you solve in maths, every new song you learn to sing, a neuronal network grows in your brain and the brain changes.”
The more neuronal networks we grow, the better we can think and the better we remember. You may wonder if there is anything you can do to make the networks in your brain grow better. Professor Zull says yes, there is. He says that brain change is strongest when a) you are interested in and like what you are learning, b) you are in control of what you learn and c) you get challenging tasks that make you think hard. Understanding a challenging task makes you feel good and develops your brain.
145．What’s the main idea of the first paragraph?______
A．The brain—a fantastic computer. B．What people believe about the brain.
C．How to make your brain stronger. D．Our brain—a growing system.
146．What can we learn from the passage 2?______
A．Learning makes our neuronal networks grow.
B．Seeing a challenging task develops our brain.
C．We remember better when things are easy.
D．There’s nothing we can do to make us smarter.
147．What’s the best title for the passage?______
A．Interest is the best teacher B．Meeting life’s challenges
C．Never too late to learn D．Learning is brain change
【答案】
145．B
146．A
147．D
【分析】
文章介绍了大脑的工作原理以及如何使大脑成长的方法。
145．主旨大意题。根据“Everybody has a brain, but not many people know how the brain works.”以及整段的描述可知，第一段主要是介绍人们对大脑的看法，故选B。
146．细节理解题。根据“Learning is brain change...a neuronal network grows in your brain and the brain changes.”可知，学习使我们的神经元网络成长。故选A。
147．最佳标题题。根据整个文章的理解可知，文章主要是介绍大脑的工作原理以及使大脑成长的方法——学习，故选D。
J1
（2021·四川德阳市·中考真题）
As Internet users become more dependent on the Internet to store information, do people remember less? If you know your computer will store information, why do you store it in your own personal memory, your brain? Experts are wondering if the Internet is changing what we remember and how.
In a recent study, Professor Betsy Sparrow made some experiments(实验). She and her research team wanted to know how the Internet is changing memory.
In the first experiment, they asked two groups of people to put 40 unimportant facts into a computer. The first group of people understood that the computer would store the information. The second group understood that the computer would not store it. Later, the second group remembered the information better. People in the first group knew they could find the information again, so they did not try to remember it.
In the second experiment, the researchers gave people facts to remember, and told them where to find the information on the Internet. The information was in an exact computer folder(文件夹). Surprisingly, people later remember where the folder is better than the facts. When people use the Internet, they do not remember the information. However, they remember how to find it. This is called “transitive memory (交互记忆)”.
According to Sparrow, we are not becoming people with poor memories as a result of the Internet. Instead, computer users are developing stronger transitive memories; that is, people are learning how to organize a lot of information so that they are able to get it at a later date. This doesn’t mean we are becoming either more or less clever, but there is no doubt that the way we use memory is changing.
148．Why does the writer begin the text with two questions?______
A．To explain some thoughts. B．To introduce the main topic.
C．To show an opinion. D．To draw the readers’ attention.
149．What can we learn form the first experiment?______
A．Sparrow put the information into the computer.
B．Both groups remember the information well.
C．Group 1 remembered the information faster.
D．Group 2 remembered the information better.
150．What do we know about transitive memory from the second experiment?______
A．People organize the information like a computer.
B．People remember how to find the information.
C．People remember how to make a folder.
D．People keep the information in mind.
151．What’s Professor Betsy Sparrow’s conclusion(结论)?______
A．People become more and more clever.
B．The way people use memory is changing.
C．The way people make experiments is changing.
D．People’s memories become poorer than before.
【答案】
148．B
149．D
150．B
151．B
【分析】
本文通过研究来寻找互联网是如何改变我们的记忆，事实证明，人们并没有因为互联网而变成记忆力差的人。相反，电脑用户正在发展更强的交叉记忆。这意味着我们使用记忆的方式正在发生变化。
148．推理判断题。根据“Experts are wondering if the Internet is changing what we remember and how”可知，通过这两个问题，来引出本文的主题，专家通过研究来寻找互联网是如何改变我们的记忆，故选B。
149．细节理解题。根据“Later, the second group remembered the information better.”可知，从第一个实验我们可以得知，第二组的人更好地记住了所给的信息，故选D。
150．细节理解题。根据“However, they remember how to find it. This is called “transitive memory (交互记忆)””可知，从第二个实验中，我们得知“交叉记忆”就是人们记得如何找到它，故选B。
151．细节理解题。根据“This doesn’t mean we are becoming either more or less clever, but there is no doubt that the way we use memory is changing”可知，结论就是人们用记忆的方式正在发生改变，故选B。
K1
（2021·江西中考真题）
Today, by carefully choosing dog parents, humans have created many different kinds of dog. Each kind has its own look and talents and its own role within human society. Here are three examples of “a dog’s life” in the human world.
Today, many hospitals let specially trained dogs in to bring love and cheer to patients. Shaynee is a therapy（治疗）dog. She visits children who are in hospital. Dogs like Shaynee help patients feel calm and at peace which can be hard in a busy hospital. They help both children and adults stay strong during long hospital stays, and, some suggest, even help them get better.
Today some beagles（小猎犬）work in airports for the government. They are part of the program called the Beagle Brigade. A beagle is good for the work because of its powerful nose, and ability to follow smells. The Beagle Brigade’s job is to smell everything that comes into the country. They make officers notice illegal（非法的）fruits, vegetables, and other foods in luggage or in mail. The beagles do the job far better than any human could.
While some dogs are working hard, others are free to spend their days resting and playing. Across the world, many pet dogs are treated like children. Many have their own rooms and all the things a dog could want. Some even have their own clothes. Many of these pets spend their days playing, learning to follow or even going to classes. Their owners give them the best, and enjoy doing so.
Whether as workers or objects of affection（钟情）dogs have become helpful to humans in many ways. There are plenty of advantages for the dog, too. Many kinds of wild dogs have nearly disappeared from the Earth. However, the domestic dog’s special place as “man’s best friend” has allowed it to survive （存活）in a human world.
152．What is the main idea of Paragraph 2?______
A．Hospitals need many special dogs. B．Dogs can take care of patients.
C．Patients need love in the hospital. D．Doctors are too busy to see patients.
153．What does the underlined word “domestic” in Paragraph 5 mean?______
A．Trained. B．Smart. C．Hungry. D．Valuable.
154．What’s the purpose of the passage?______
A．To ask people to treat dogs as their own children.
B．To explain why humans need beagles in their work.
C．To tell people about the history of dogs’ development.
D．To show a good relationship between dogs and humans.
155．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage?______
A． B． C． D．
【答案】
152．B
153．A
154．D
155．C
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文，介绍人类世界中“狗的生活”的三个例子，向我们展示狗和人之间的良好关系。
152．段落大意题。分析第二段内容可知，本段主要介绍专门训练的狗可以给病人带来爱和欢乐，故选B。
153．词义猜测题。分析“Many kinds of wild dogs have nearly disappeared from the Earth. However, the domestic dog’s special place as ‘man’s best friend’ has allowed it to survive （存活）in a human world.”可知，许多种类的野狗几乎已经从地球上消失了，然而驯养的狗作为“人类最好的朋友”的特殊地位使它能够在人类世界中生存下来。此处domestic的意思是“驯养的”，故选A。
154．主旨大意题。分析全文内容可知，本文介绍人类世界中“狗的生活”的三个例子，向我们展示狗和人之间的良好关系。故选D。
155．篇章结构题。第一段总领全文，第二、三、四段介绍三种不同类型的狗在我们生活中的例子，第五段总结。故选C。
L1
（2021·江西中考真题）
Eight hundred years ago, a man in southern Turkey invented an amazing clock. It was more than 7 meters high. At its base（基座）was a life-size model elephant. Every half hour, something amazing happened. The whole clock came alive: Model birds, dragons, and people started to move.
The clock’s inventor was an engineer named al-Jazari. He lived in Turkey. Al-Jazari was probably one of the greatest engineers in history. Some historians call him “the father of modern-day engineering.”
We know about al-Jazari mostly from a book that he wrote. ________ They include clocks and hand-washing machines. The book also has drawings that show how each machine works.
Many everyday things today-from toys to car engines（发动机）-still use al-Jazari’s ideas. Without his machines with moving parts, we might not have modern-day robots.
Today, it is still possible to see what al-Jazari’s elephant cock looked like. A full-size working model is in Dubai’s Ibn Battuta Mall. There, every half hour, al-Jazari’s most amazing invention comes to life once again.
How Does the Elephant Clock Work?

A bowl with a small hole floats（浮）in a water tank（水箱）inside the elephant’s body. As the bowl slowly sinks（下沉）, it pulls a rope that moves a human figure. His moving pen shows the number of minutes past the hour.
Every half hour, the water bowl becomes full and sinks completely. This causes a ball to fall from the top of the clock. The movement of the ball causes a phoenix to move and make a sound.
The ball then drops out of a falcon’s mouth into the mouth of a Chinese dragon. The weight of the ball causes the dragon’s head to move down and the dragon’s tail pulls the water bowl back up.
Finally, the ball drops out of the dragon’s mouth and into a vase. As the ball lands in the vase, the elephant driver moves and makes a sound. The cycle begins again until there are no more ball in the top of the clock.
156．Why is al-Jazari called “the father of modern-day engineering”?______
A．His ideas are still widely used in machines.
B．The elephant clock is an amazing invention.
C．His inventions include some parts of modern robots.
D．His book about machines is still popular with readers.
157．Choose the best sentence to fill in the blank “______” in Paragraph 3.
A．He became famous when he was a young man.
B．He invented a lot of everyday machines in history.
C．It describes a number of machines of all shapes and sizes.
D．People in Turkey enjoy reading his books in their free time.
158．What does the underlined word “This” in Paragraph 7 refer to?______
A．The pen moves. B．The all drops.
C．The bowl sinks completely. D．The bowl pulls the rope.
159．How does the elephant clock work? Put the steps in the correct order. ______
a. The ball drops into the vase.
b. The ball drops into the dragon’s mouth.
c. The elephant driver moves and makes a sound.
d. After 30 minutes, a ball starts to fall from the top.
e. The bowl moves down in the water and pulls on ropes.
A．b-d-a-c-e B．e-d-b-a-c C．a-e-b-d-c D．c-a-d-e-b
【答案】
156．A
157．C
158．C
159．B
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文，向我们介绍一个神奇的时钟。
156．推理判断题。根据“Al-Jazari was probably one of the greatest engineers in history. Some historians call him ‘the father of modern-day engineering.’”可知，Al-Jazari可能是历史上最伟大的工程师之一，一些历史学家称他为“现代工程学之父”。选项A“他的思想仍被广泛应用于机器”符合，故选A。
157．推理判断题。分析“They include clocks and hand-washing machines. The book also has drawings that show how each machine works.”可知，这本书包括钟表和手洗衣机，也有展示每台机器如何工作的图纸。选项C“它描述了许多各种形状和大小的机器”符合语境，故选C。
158．推理判断题。根据“Every half hour, the water bowl becomes full and sinks completely. This causes a ball to fall from the top of the clock.”可知，每半个小时，水碗就会装满，并完全下沉，这导致一个球从时钟的顶部掉下来。此处this指的是“碗完全下沉”，故选C。
159．细节理解题。根据“A bowl with a small hole floats（浮）in a water tank（水箱）inside the elephant’s body. As the bowl slowly sinks（下沉）, it pulls a rope that moves a human figure.”，“Every half hour, the water bowl becomes full and sinks completely.”，“The ball then drops out of a falcon’s mouth into the mouth of a Chinese dragon.”，“Finally, the ball drops out of the dragon’s mouth and into a vase.”和“As the ball lands in the vase, the elephant driver moves and makes a sound.”可知，正确的顺序是e-d-b-a-c，故选B。
M1
（2021·江西中考真题）

Many scientists once believed that physical similarities between identical twins are genetic（基因的）, while their personalities, intelligence and other differences between them are an effect of their environment. Now scientists are discovering that the boundaries（界限）between genes and environment are not so clear.
Twins Jim Springer and Jim Lewis were adopted（领养）as babies and raised by different couples. When the Jims finally met at age 39, they discovered they had plenty in common. Both were six feet tall, 180 pounds. They had the same smile and the same voice. When scientist Thomas Bouchard Jr. invited the Jim twins to his lab, people there found it very hard to tell them apart.
But the similarities didn’t stop at the physical. They’d both had dogs named Toy. They had both married women named Linda and then their marriage broke up. They’d both been policemen, enjoyed music, and left love notes around the house for their wives. They had so much in common, it seemed unlikely these were just coincidences （巧合）.
The Jim twins were just one of 137 sets of separated twins. Bouchard tested. When they compared the twins’ IQ scores, Bouchard and his team reached a surprising conclusion（结论）. They concluded that intelligence was mostly connected to genes rather than to training or education. It seemed the differences in family and environment had little effect.
However, genes can’t control everything, argues geneticist Danielle Reed, who also studies twins. Reed’s research shows that though nothing can truly change our DNA, environmental differences that a child experiences before birth and in their first year can sometimes affect the way the DNA behaves, making even identical twins into very different people. “What I like to say is that Mother Nature writes some things in pencil and some things in pen,” She explains. “Things written in pen you can’t change. That’s DNA．But things written in pencil you can.”
160．How many physical similarities between the Jim twins are mentioned?______
A．2. B．3. C．4. D．5.
161．What did Bouchard’s study find about the twins?______
A．Each seemed to be as tall as their twin.
B．Each had the same hobby as their twin.
C．Each had almost the same ability as their twin.
D．Each had about the same IQ level as their twin.
162．What is Reed’s opinion about genes and environment?______
A．Only DNA has an effect on our development.
B．Environment could possibly change some things about us.
C．There are no boundaries between genes and environment.
D．Environmental differences can sometimes change our DNA．
163．What is the passage mainly about?______
A．The way the DNA behaves.
B．The similarities between the Jim twins.
C．The connection between intelligence and families.
D．The effects of genes on personality and intelligence.
【答案】
160．C
161．D
162．B
163．D
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文，过去科学家认为身体相似性是由基因决定的，而他们之间的性格、智力和其他差异则受他们所处环境的影响。但是现在，科学家们发现基因和环境之间的界限并不那么清晰。介绍了基因对人格和智力的影响。
160．细节理解题。根据“Both were six feet tall, 180 pounds. They had the same smile and the same voice.”可知，两人身高都是六英尺，体重一百八十磅，有着同样的笑容和同样的声音。提及二人四处身体上的相似之处，故选C。
161．推理判断题。根据“When they compared the twins’ IQ scores, Bouchard and his team reached a surprising conclusion（结论）. They concluded that intelligence was mostly connected to genes rather than to training or education.”可知，当他们比较双胞胎的智商分数时，Bouchard和他的团队得出了一个令人惊讶的结论：智力在很大程度上与基因有关，而不是与训练或教育有关。所以他们的智商水平和他们的双胞胎差不多，故选D。
162．细节理解题。根据“Reed’s research shows that though nothing can truly change our DNA, environmental differences that a child experiences before birth and in their first year can sometimes affect the way the DNA behaves, making even identical twins into very different people.”可知，里德的研究表明，虽然没有什么能真正改变我们的DNA，但孩子在出生前和一岁时所经历的环境差异有时会影响DNA的行为方式，甚至使同卵双胞胎成为非常不同的人。所以环境可能会改变我们的一些事情，故选B。
163．主旨大意题。本文是一篇说明文，通过研究结果说明基因对人格和智力的影响。故选D。
N1
（2021·浙江杭州市·中考真题）
Flamenco is very popular in southern Spain. It begins with guitar music and clapping（击掌）and then dancers join the performance. Sometimes a woman dances alone and sometimes she dances with a man. The woman always wears a long, colorful dress. She moves her arms and hands slowly but her feet move in fast difficult steps. The man often wears black. Both dancers click their shoes on the floor when they dance around each other.
Cossack dances are from Russia and Ukraine. They are very energetic-some are more like gymnastics than dancing! Dancers have to be very fit because they jump very high and kick their legs up and down. They often jump over swords（剑）. The movements are similar to traditional Cossack activities, for example, sword fighting and getting on and off horses.
Limbo dancing is first from West Africa but today it is an important part of celebrations in the Caribbean. Young people have to dance under a pole（杆）. The pole is often on fire and the dancer mustn’t touch it! After a successful “limbo”, they put the pole lower and do it again. Some dancers can dance under a pole just twenty centimeters off the ground!
Mask（面具）dances are important for the Dogon people in Mali. Each village makes different masks. They are often huge and colorful. There are masks of people, monsters or local animals like crocodiles and monkeys. Mask dancers are always men and they dance to the sound of drums for hours after the death of a person in the village. Today, Dogon villagers also perform the dances for tourists.
164．What do we know about flamenco dancing?______
A．Dancers begin performing before the guitar music starts.
B．A woman dancer often wears a long black dress.
C．A woman dancer moves her hands and feet at different speeds.
D．Dancers clap loudly while moving around each other.
165．What does the underlined word “gymnastics” in Paragraph 2 refer to?______
A．A play. B．A sport. C．A celebration. D．A show.
166．Which of the following is limbo dancing?______
A． B．
C． D．
167．What is the best title for the text?______
A．Dance Jumps and Moves B．Dances for Different Ages
C．Dance Music and Clothing D．Dances from Around the World
【答案】
164．C
165．B
166．A
167．D
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文，向我们介绍了几种类型的舞蹈。
164．细节理解题。根据“She moves her arms and hands slowly but her feet move in fast difficult steps.”可知，她的胳膊和手移动缓慢，但她的脚在进行快速并且很难做的步伐。故选C。
165．词义猜测题。分析“They are very energetic-some are more like gymnastics than dancing!”可知，它们非常有活力——有些更像体操而不是舞蹈！此处gymnastics的意思是“体操”，体操属于运动，故选B。
166．推理判断题。根据“Limbo dancing is first from West Africa but today it is an important part of celebrations in the Caribbean. Young people have to dance under a pole（杆）.”可知，“林波舞”要在着火的杆子下跳舞，结合图片，故选A。
167．最佳标题题。本文主要向我们介绍了几种类型的舞蹈，选项D“来自世界各地的舞蹈”符合主题，故选D。
O1
（2021·浙江杭州市·中考真题）
When do children start to talk? If you ask a group of parents when this happened, most will say “around twelve months of age”. They will probably even remember what the children said. Many parents keep a diary of their child’s “first words”
We can never predict what a first word is going to be. Often it’s the name for “mummy” or “daddy”, but it could just as easily be the word for an animal or a favorite toy. Everything depends on what has most caught the child’s attention. But one thing is certain: after the first word, others come quickly. By 18 months, most children have learned about 50 words. By two, the total has risen to around 200.
Early words are actually one-word sentences. One of the first features（特征）of language a child learns well is to control the rise and fall of the voice to make the difference between stating and questioning. In English, daddy with a high rising tone（声调）means “is that daddy?” Daddy with a high falling tone means “There’s daddy”. Of course, only very basic meanings can be communicated using tones alone. So it soon becomes necessary to learn some grammar.
In English, grammar means learning to put words in different orders. Children have to see that mummy push is different from push mummy. They start practising such changes at around 18 months. By two, they have learned the basic patterns of word order, and we hear them saying such things as man kick ball and where daddy go.
What are the parents doing all his time? They’re acting as teachers and they always have an active role to play in their child’s language learning.
168．How old are most children when they have learned about 50 words?______
A．About 6 months old. B．About one year old.
C．About 18 months old. D．About two years]old.
169．Which might an English child say first when learning to talk?______
A．Mummy. B．Push mummy. C．Man kick ball. D．Where daddy go.
170．What’s Paragraph 4 mainly about?______
A．Word order. B．Word tones. C．The first words. D．Correcting words.
171．Who is most responsible for a child’s early language learning?______
A．Teachers. B．Parents. C．Friends. D．Grandparents.
【答案】
168．C
169．A
170．A
171．B
【分析】
本文介绍了孩子什么时候开始学习语言，孩子在学习语言时父母的作用。
168．细节理解题。根据“By 18 months, most children have learned about 50 words.”可知，到18个月时，大多数孩子已经学会了50个单词。故选C。
169．细节理解题。根据“Often it’s the name for “mummy” or “daddy”, ….”可知，“妈妈”可能是一个孩子在学习说话时首先要说的。故选A。
170．主旨大意题。根据“In English, grammar means learning to put words in different orders.”及本段的介绍可知，本段介绍了语法规则也就是语序的问题。故选A。
171．细节理解题。根据“What are the parents doing all his time? They’re acting as teachers and they always have an active role to play in their child’s language learning.”可知，父母是孩子的第一任老师，并且在孩子学习语言方面充当一个积极的角色，所以父母对孩子的早期语言学习负责。故选B。
P1
（2021·江苏扬州市·中考真题）
Is it possible to have a diet（日常饮食）that’s both healthy and friendly to our planet? Here are answers to your eco-friendly food questions.
Does what I eat influence climate（气候）change?
Yes. The world’s food system is responsible for（为……负责）about one quarter of the planet—warming greenhouse gases that humans produce each year. That includes raising and harvesting all the plants, animals, and animal products we eat, as well as processing, packaging, and shipping food to markets all over the world.
Which foods have the largest influence?
In general, beef and lamb have the biggest climate footprint per gram of protein while plant—based foods like beans, rice, corn and wheat have the smallest influence. Pork, chicken, eggs are somewhere in the middle.
Is there a simple food choice I can make?
Studies have shown that people who eat a meat—heavy diet can reduce their food—related footprint by one third or more by moving to a vegan diet — no meat, dairy（乳制品）, or eggs. If you don’t want to go that far, just eat less meat.
Can I really make a difference to our planet?
We need more food to feed the world’s growing population. One person alone can make only a tiny difference. If many people make changes to their diets, that will start to add up. It will make a greater difference if the world’s heaviest meat eaters make some changes to their diets.
172．According to the passage, which foods have the smallest influence on our planet?______
A．Beef and lamb. B．Rice and corn. C．Chicken and pork. D．Beans and beef.
173．According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?______
A．One person alone makes no difference to our planet.
B．Shipping food a lover the world has no influence on climate change.
C．All the planet—warming greenhouse gases come from the food system.
D．Meat eaters can reduce their food—related footprint by eating less meat.
174．What is the best title for the passage?______
A．How to produce more meat B．How to make more plant—based foods
C．How to eat better for the planet D．How to ask eco—friendly food questions
【答案】
172．B
173．D
174．C
【分析】
本文是围绕环保食品的四个问题进行了解答，分别是：吃什么会影响气候变化；哪些食物影响最大；能做出简单的食物选择吗；真的能改变我们的星球吗。
172．细节理解题。根据“plant—based foods like beans, rice, corn and wheat have the smallest influence”可知，豆类、大米、玉米和小麦等植物性食品的影响最小，故选B。
173．推理判断题。根据“heavy diet can reduce their food—related footprint by one third or more by moving to a vegan diet — no meat, dairy（乳制品）, or eggs. If you don’t want to go that far, just eat less meat”可知，肉食者可以通过少吃肉来减少与食物相关的碳足迹，所以D表述正确，故选D。
174．最佳标题。根据“Is it possible to have a diet（日常饮食）that’s both healthy and friendly to our planet? Here are answers to your eco-friendly food questions”可知，本文主要通过回答四个环保食品的问题来告诉大家如何为地球吃得更好，故选C。
Q1
（2021·江苏扬州市·中考真题）
Ever wondered why your virtual（虚拟的）home helper doesn't understand your questions? Or why your navigation app took you on the side street instead of the highway? In a study published April 21st in the journal iScience, Italian researchers, Arianna Pipitone and Antonio Chella, designed a robot that “thinks out loud”.
To explore how inner speech might influence a robot’s actions, the researchers built a robot called Pepper that speaks to itself. It has the ability to reason and think. They then asked people to set the dinner table with Pepper according to etiquette（礼仪）rules. In one experiment, the user asked Pepper to lay the napkin at the wrong place, going against the rules. Pepper started asking itself a series of self-directed questions and concluded that the user might be mistaken. To be sure, Pepper confirmed the user’s order, which led to further inner speech.
“Ehm, this situation troubles me. I would never break the rules, but I can’t make the user unhappy, so I’m doing what he wants,” Pepper said to itself, laying the napkin where it was required to be. Through Pepper’s inner voice, the user can learn Pepper was facing a difficult situation and solved it by prioritizing the user’s order.
Comparing Pepper’s actions with and without inner speech, Pipitone and Chella discovered the robot had a higher task-completion rate when having self-dialogue.
However, some people find the robot spends more time completing tasks when it talks to itself. The robot’s inner speech is also limited to the knowledge that researchers gave it. Pepper’s designers still say their work provides a framework（构架）to further explore how self-dialogue can help robots focus, plan, and learn. “In some ways, we are creating a generational（世代的）robot that likes to chat. From navigation apps and the camera on your phone to medical robots in the operation rooms, machines and computers alike can take advantage of this chatty feature,” says Chella.
175．Why does the writer ask two questions at the very beginning of the passage?______
A．To draw the reader’s attention to the topic.
B．To show the writer likes electronic products.
C．To tell the reader about the history of robots.
D．To prove the writer often faces trouble in life.
176．Why was Pepper asked to lay the napkin at the wrong place?______
A．To see how much time Pepper spent laying the napkin.
B．To confirm how popular Pepper was among its users.
C．To test how many etiquette rules Pepper remembered.
D．To study how self-dialogue might influence Pepper’s actions.
177．What does the underlined word “prioritizing” in Paragraph 3 mean?______
A．repeating B．dealing with… first C．going against D．complaining about
178．What can we infer from the passage?______
A．The designers are proud of their work about Pepper.
B．Pepper has already been in use in the operation rooms.
C．Pepper’s inner speech depends on its user’s communication skills.
D．With or without inner speech, Pepper could complete a task equally well.
【答案】
175．A
176．D
177．B
178．A
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文，向我们介绍意大利研究人员Arianna Pipitone和Antonio Chella设计了一个能“自言自语”的机器人。
175．推理判断题。作者开篇提出问题，是为了引起读者注意，吸引读者兴趣，故选A。
176．细节理解题。根据“To explore how inner speech might influence a robot’s actions, the researchers built a robot called Pepper that speaks to itself… In one experiment, the user asked Pepper to lay the napkin at the wrong place, going against the rules.”可知，Pepper被要求把餐巾放在错误的地方是为了研究自我对话如何影响Pepper的行为。故选D。
177．词句猜测题。分析“Through Pepper’s inner voice, the user can learn Pepper was facing a difficult situation and solved it by prioritizing the user’s order.”可知，通过Pepper的内心声音，用户可以了解到Pepper正面临着一个困难的情况，并通过优先考虑用户的要求来解决它。此处prioritizing的意思是“优先考虑、处理”，故选B。
178．推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，通过对Pepper的研究，后续可能会将此类机器人应用到更广泛的领域，所以推测设计师们对他们的作品感到自豪。故选A。
R1
（2021·山东枣庄市·中考真题）
On a hot day, many people like to go to the beach. Some beaches, however, are not safe for swimming.
At some beaches, there are sharks in the water. So people put out shark nets. They help stop too many sharks from getting close to the beach. Sharks can still swim under or around the net. But if they try to swim through, they will get caught. Sharks can die if they are not cut free.
Shark nets don’t just catch sharks. They can catch other animals, too. They have caught dolphins, stingrays and turtles. Even a whale has been caught in a shark net. I took many people to get it free.
Some animals are not so lucky. They are killed in the nets. One day, a whale was swimming with her calf. The calf got caught in a shark net. The mother whale tried to get the calf to come with her. The calf was caught in the net. It couldn’t get free. The mother had to watch it die.
Many people think shark nets should not be used. Sharks are important to the ocean. They eat sick and dead fish. They help to keep the ocean clean. Sharks are the lions and the tigers of the sea.
Some people think there are other ways to keep beach safe for people. Sharks potters are people who watch for sharks. They go to a high place. Then they can look down on the beach. If they see a shark, a siren（汽笛）will sound. They put up a white flag. Then people get out of the water.
After all, the water is a shark’s home.
179．What can we know about shark nets according to the passage?______
A．They are used to keep sharks from coming near the beach.
B．People place them to catch sharks, dolphins, stingrays and turtles.
C．Sharks will be caught when they get close to them.
D．All the animals caught by them are set free.
180．What does the underlined word “calf” mean in paragraph 4?______
A．A huge whale. B．A young whale.
C．A father whale. D．A mother whale.
181．What does the writer imply（暗示）about the beach safety?______
A．People should keep away from beaches.
B．Everyone should work as a shark spotter.
C．It’s not the best way to put out shark nets.
D．Some dangerous beaches should be shut down.
【答案】
179．A
180．B
181．C
【分析】
在一些沙滩，人们会放鲨鱼网，帮助阻止太多鲨鱼靠近海滩，但是鲨鱼网也有其弊端，人们也在想其他办法解决这个问题。
179．细节理解题。根据“So people put out shark nets. They help stop too many sharks from getting close to the beach.”可知，鲨鱼网帮助阻止太多鲨鱼靠近海滩。故选A。
180．词句猜测题。分析“The calf got caught in a shark net. The mother whale tried to get the calf to come with her.”可知，小鲸鱼被鲨鱼网缠住了，母鲸试图让小鲸跟她一起走。此处calf是“小鲸鱼”的意思，故选B。
181．推理判断题。根据“Some people think there are other ways to keep beach safe for people.”和“After all, the water is a shark’s home.”可知，作者认为放鲨鱼网不是最好的办法，毕竟水是鲨鱼的家。故选C。
S1
（2021·云南中考真题）
When you and your family go out for dinner, do you notice how many dishes you usually order? It’s OK if you finish all of them. But if you waste too much food, you need to pay for it.
Last year, China’s top legislature (立法机关) reviewed (审议) a draft law (法律草案) for stopping food waste for the first time. In general, a draft will become law after the top legislature reviews it three times.
According to the draft law, restaurants should tell customers not to order too much. If customers leave too much food uneaten, restaurants can charge (收费) them for food waste. The law also bans (禁止) waiters from encouraging people to order too much food. Some restaurants may use the “N-1” mode for people to order dishes. “N” stands for the number of persons at a table. So if there are six people at your table, you should order just five dishes, which can help people control the amount of dishes in a proper way.
The draft law also asks schools to teach their students to avoid food waste. It also bans TV programs about overeating and overdrinking. Producers of such programs will face a fine of up to 100,000 yuan.
Food waste happens in many places and has long been a big problem around the world. We need to obey the law and refuse to waste food.
182．If customers waste too much food, they ______ .
A．need to pay some money for it B．need to say sorry about it
C．can’t enter the restaurant again D．can leave the restaurant for free
183．According to the “N-1” mode, if 9 persons plan to eat in the restaurant, they need to order ______ dishes.
A．7 B．8 C．9. D．10
184．Which is NOT true according to the passage?______
A．Students should avoid food waste at school.
B．Programs about overeating will be allowed on TV.
C．Food waste has been a big problem all over the world.
D．Waiters can’t encourage people to order too much food.
185．You may read the passage in ______ .
A．a storybook B．a guidebook C．an advertisement D．a newspaper
186．What does the passage mainly talk about?______
A．Harm of food waste. B．Importance of healthy food.
C．Law to stop food waste. D．Advantages of stopping food waste.
【答案】
182．A
183．B
184．B
185．D
186．C
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文，向我们介绍禁止食物浪费的法律。
182．细节理解题。根据“But if you waste too much food, you need to pay for it.”可知，但是如果你浪费了太多的食物，你需要为它买单。故选A。
183．推理判断题。根据“Some restaurants may use the “N-1” mode for people to order dishes. “N” stands for the number of persons at a table. So if there are six people at your table, you should order just five dishes”可知，一些餐厅可能会使用“N-1”模式让人们点餐，“N”代表一桌的人数，所以如果你的桌子上有6个人，你应该只点5道菜。所以9个人吃饭点8道菜，故选B。
184．推理判断题。根据“It also bans TV programs about overeating and overdrinking.”可知，禁止播放有关暴饮暴食的电视节目。故选B。
185．推理判断题。本文主要向我们介绍禁止食物浪费的法律，所以最有可能在报纸上看到。故选D。
186．主旨大意题。本文向我们介绍禁止食物浪费的法律，故选C。
T1
（2021·云南昆明市·中考真题）
According to UNESCO, a large number of children in villages in some African countries like Kenya and Tanzania do not go to school. They have to work to make money for their family. And more than half of people in these countries live without electricity.
A company is now working to solve both of these problems. It has created a special solar (大阳的) power station, which is in the shape of a cow, called “Solar Cow”. The company encourages parents in those poor villages to send their children to school by setting up Solar Cows at schools.
Just as its name suggests, the Solar Cow can charge batteries (给电池充电) called “Solar Milks”. The Solar Milks provide electricity for the families.
The batteries can only be charged using the Solar Cow, so children have to go to school to get the electricity. Every day, children put their batteries into the bottom of their school’s Solar Cow. They go to class while the batteries are being charged. At the end of the day, they take the charged batteries home.
Each fully-charged Solar Milk battery can charge a mobile phone three or four times, or a radio once or twice. The battery is also a flashlight, and it can provide ten hours of light. “My father used to travel two to three hours to the charging shop to charge his phone, and it cost a lot,” a boy said. “But now, he can use the battery I bring from school to charge his phone at home.”
Since 2018, this company has set up two Solar Cows in Kenya and one in Tanzania. The company also started to raise money for more Solar Cows to help the poor children in Africa.
根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。
187．What is a Solar Cow?______
A．An animal which can produce milk. B．A solar battery in the shape of a cow.
C．A mobile phone in the shape of a cow. D．A solar power station in the shape of a cow.
188．How does the company encourage the parents to send their children to school?______
A．By giving them money. B．By setting up Solar Cows at schools.
C．By offering them cows. D．By building some schools in the villages.
189．What is the correct order for children to get the electricity for their families?______
a. Children go to school with batteries.
b. Children take the charged batteries home.
c. Children have classes while the batteries are being charged.
d. Children put the batteries into the bottom of their school’s Solar Cow.
A．a-d-c-b B．a-c-d-b C．b-d-c-a D．b-a-c-d
190．What can each fully-charged Solar Milk battery do?______
A．It can charge a radio three or four times.
B．It can provide electricity for a Solar Cow.
C．It can provide ten hours of light as a flashlight.
D．It can charge a mobile phone seven or eight times.
191．What does this passage mainly talk about?______
A．Solar Cows have provided electricity for the schools.
B．Some African children don’t go to school because they have to work.
C．More than half of people in Kenya and Tanzania live without electricity.
D．Solar Cows are solving two problems at the same time in some African countries.
【答案】
187．D
188．B
189．A
190．C
191．D
【分析】
文章主要讲太阳能牛在一些非洲国家同时解决了儿童不上学和多半人没有电用两个问题。
187．细节理解题。根据“It has created a special solar power station, which is in the shape of a cow, called ‘Solar Cow’.”可知太阳能牛是一个奶牛形状的太阳能发电站。故选D。
188．细节理解题。根据“The company encourages parents in those poor villages to send their children to school by setting up Solar Cows at schools.”可知这家公司通过在学校里建立太阳能牛来鼓励父母送孩子上学。故选B。
189．排序题。根据“The batteries can only be charged using the Solar Cow, so children have to go to school to get the electricity. Every day, children put their batteries into the bottom of their school’s Solar Cow. They go to class while the batteries are being charged. At the end of the day, they take the charged batteries home.”可知孩子们为家庭供电的正确顺序是：孩子们带着电池上学（a）→孩子们把电池放在学校太阳能牛的底部（d）→孩子们上课期间电池在充电（c）→孩子们把已充电的电池带回家（b）。故选A。
190．细节理解题。根据“The battery is also a flashlight, and it can provide ten hours of light.”可知每个充满电的太阳能牛奶电池可以作为手电筒提供10小时的光线。故选C。
191．主旨大意题。文章主要介绍“太阳能牛”，这一发明在一些非洲国家同时解决了儿童不上学和多半人没有电用两个问题。故选D。
U1
（2021·四川南充市·中考真题）

Alleyn’s School
Townley Road, Dulwich, UK
office@www.alleynes.org.uk
Welcome to Alleyn’s School. Our school is big and it has 600 students aged 13—15. However, it only had 100 students and four teachers when it was open on September 10th, 1961.
Main Teaching Building
The school has a huge yard and next to it is the main teaching building. The building has two floors, with six classrooms on each. In each classroom there is a computer, an overhead projector, and a smart white board. It also has a small reading area with different kinds of books offered by the students.
Library
Our school library is used for all the reading classes weekly. The members of the reading club can meet here and do some reading after school.
School Hall
We have a fantastic school hall. It is used for gym, meetings and having lunch. It is the place where we hold many events, such as school plays, concerts, indoor games and so on.
Other rooms
We have a well-equipped music room for music lessons, a computer room of thirty-two computers and a large staffroom for teachers to have a rest during lunch lime.

192．The school has a history of ______ years.
A．600 B．100 C．60 D．15
193．A school talent show can be held in the ______.
A．classroom B．school hall C．library D．computer room
194．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?______
A．The school has 700 students now.
B．The school has 6 classrooms.
C．Everyone can read in the library after school.
D．Teachers can have a rest in the staffroom.
195．The missing part at the end of the passage may talk about the ______.
A．address B．playground C．P. E. teachers D．music room
196．You can read the passage in a/an ______.
A．newspaper B．diary C．novel D．invitation
【答案】
192．C
193．B
194．D
195．B
196．A
【分析】
本文主要介绍了Alleyn的学校的师生情况及校园布局。
192．细节理解题。根据“1961-2021”可知，这个学校已经有60年的历史了，故选C。
193．细节理解题。根据“It is the place where we hold many events, such as school plays, concerts, indoor games and so on”可知，学校才艺演出可以在学校礼堂举行，故选B。
194．推理判断题。根据“a large staffroom for teachers to have a rest during lunch lime”可知，老师可以在员工休息室休息，D表述正确，故选D。
195．推理判断题。根据“Main Teaching Building”“Library”“School Hall”“Other rooms”可知，此处主要介绍了校园的布局，缺少的部分应是操场，故选B。
196．推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了Alleyn的学校的师生情况及校园布局，这可能在报纸上看到，故选A。
V1
（2021·四川南充市·中考真题）
One cannot discuss Chinese music without mentioning the guqin, one of the four arts—along with go, calligraphy（书法）and painting. It first appeared over 3,000 years ago and stands for China’s solo musical instrument tradition.
At first, the guqin had only five strings（弦）, meaning the five elements（元素）of metal, wood, water, fire and earth. Later, in Zhou Dynasty, King Wen of Zhou added a sixth string for his son. King Wu of Zhou, added a seventh string to encourage his army to fight with the Shang.
Ambience was important in playing the guqin. Usually, it was practiced in a quiet setting and never for public performance. Ancient artists enjoyed performing by a stream in the mountains. The sound of the guqin mixed with the echoes（回音）from the mountains, until the musician felt he was at one with nature. Playing it in snow was also an enjoyable activity for ancient artists, who believed the instrument was the purest of its kind in the world. Also, a night with moonlight was considered wonderful for playing the guqin. Wang Wei（701—761）, a highly talented man of the Tang Dynasty, liked playing it in a bamboo forest on nights with moonlight most.
Guqin pieces are usually three to eight minutes long, with the longest being Guangling Verse, which is 22 minutes long. Other famous pieces include Plum Blossoms in Three Movements, Wild Geese Landing on the Sandbank and Eighteen Songs of a Nomad Flute.
Nowadays, there are fewer than one thousand well-trained guqin players and perhaps no more than fifty living masters. The original number of several thousand pieces has greatly reduced to only one hundred works by today. The guqin and its music was added to the list of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity（人类非物质文化遗产）in 2003.
197．Today, the guqin has ______ strings.
A．four B．five C．six D．seven
198．What’s the meaning of the underlined word “Ambience” in Paragraph 3?______
A．演奏技巧 B．环境氛围 C．天气状况 D．弹奏曲目
199．According to the passage, playing the guqin ______ is a right choice.
A．at a quiet restaurant B．at a welcome party
C．in a peaceful yard with flowers D．on a dark night with rainstorm
200．According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?______
A．The guqin has a history of less than 3000 years.
B．The strings mean metal, wood, water, fire and stone.
C．The longest guqin piece is Guangling Verse.
D．The guqin is very popular and many people can play it.
201．What does the passage mainly talk about?______
A．The guqin and its music. B．The guqin and its players.
C．Four Chinese traditional arts. D．The development of guqin music.
【答案】
197．D
198．B
199．C
200．C
201．A
【分析】
本文主要介绍了中国的七弦古琴，包括它的来历，弹琴的环境氛围以及现在的状况。
197．细节理解题。根据“King Wu of Zhou, added a seventh string to encourage his army to fight with the Shang”可知，现在古琴是有七根弦，故选D。
198．词义猜测题。根据“Usually, it was practiced in a quiet setting and never for public performance…”可知，本段主要讲述的就是弹琴的环境氛围，所以Ambience表示“环境氛围”，故选B。
199．细节理解题。根据“Usually, it was practiced in a quiet setting and never for public performance”可知，弹奏七弦古琴需要在安静的地方，且不是公开表演，故选C。
200．推理判断题。根据“Guqin pieces are usually three to eight minutes long, with the longest being Guangling Verse, which is 22 minutes long.”可知，最长的是《广陵诗》，C表述正确，故选C。
201．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了古琴和它的音乐，以及它的演奏环境，故选A。
W1
（2021·浙江温州市·中考真题）
Lima, the capital of Peru, is located in the central coastal part of the country, overlooking the Pacific Ocean. With a population of more than 9 million, Lima is one of the largest cities and the only capital in South America that faces the ocean.
Lima has a long history. The lost Inca civilization, is thought to be a mystery. There are many museums, where you can learn: how the ancient American Indians founded the Inca Empire and built Machu Picchu, a famous ancient city in the Andes Mountains; what happened in 1532 and why over 90% of Peruvians speak Spanish. Visiting the historic center, a World Heritage Site, you may find you are communicating with both the past and the present.
Lima is also a place where you can find the lifestyles and fashions, created by its people and culture. You will see Peruvian clothes, dances, and taste their delicious foods and drinks. You can see buildings in different styles, enjoy the fantastic sunset over the ancient ruins, climb the mountains, fly over the ocean, or sit in the restaurants and bars to experience Peruvians’ relaxing life.
You may have heard “It never rains in Lima.” In fact, the special geographic feature makes it not as dry as it is said to be and it is warm all year round. Though it seldom rains in summer, it sometimes drizzles on early winter mornings. The drizzle and the wet air “water” the ground, which makes the crops and the plants grow. Moreover, modern technology helps to bring water from the snow and ice on the top of the Andes (over 6,000m high) for the city to use. People there never waste water.
Lima is such an amazing city that it is worth a visit.
202．According to the passage, where is Lima on the map?______
A． B． C． D．
203．Most people in Lima speak ______.
A．Indian B．Spanish C．English D．Inca language
204．The underlined word “drizzle” probably means ______.
A．warm air B．sea water C．snow and ice D．very light rain
205．Lima is a city ______.
A．which is rich in water resources B．where people can learn Inca culture
C．which is the largest in South America D．where the houses are in the same style
【答案】
202．D
203．B
204．D
205．B
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文，向我们介绍秘鲁的首都利马。
202．细节理解题。根据“Lima, the capital of Peru, is located in the central coastal part of the country, overlooking the Pacific Ocean.”可知，秘鲁首都利马位于该国中部沿海，俯瞰太平洋。结合地图，故选D。
203．细节理解题。根据“why over 90% of Peruvians speak Spanish”可知，超过90%的秘鲁人说西班牙语，故选B。
204．词义猜测题。分析“Though it seldom rains in summer, it sometimes drizzles on early winter mornings.”可知，虽然这里夏天很少下雨，但在初冬的早晨有时会下毛毛雨。此处drizzle的意思是“小雨，毛毛雨”，故选D。
205．细节理解题。根据“There are many museums, where you can learn: how the ancient American Indians founded the Inca Empire”可知，利马有很多博物馆，你可以在那里学习古代美洲印第安人是如何建立印加帝国的，故选B。
X1
（2021·浙江温州市·中考真题）

Most viruses can be found and killed by our immune system as soon as they enter our bodies. However, some viruses, for example, the coronavirus, are sneaky. They are difficult to recognize and find. These viruses can cause deadly diseases, like COVID-19. Human-to-human transmission can easily occur, and pandemic will therefore break out. Vaccination is by now a simple, safe and effective way to protect us from the diseases.
▲ Vaccines are something that “looks” exactly the same as the viruses, mainly made from the viruses that are weakened or killed. They will not make us really ill. They only stimulate and activate our immune system to work, telling it something harmful is coming in. The immune system will know what the “viruses” look like, and send B cells (lymphocytes) or antibodies to find and kill them. Meanwhile B cells will remember them for the next kill. A vaccine may also give us passive immunity by providing B cells taken from an animal or a human to play the same role.
Scientists have developed more than 180 vaccines to fight against COVID-19. The technical approaches of these vaccines can be a little different, but their aims are the same.
Take the inactivated vaccine as an example. In an inactivated vaccine, the coronaviruses are already killed or made into the ones unable to produce more new viruses. When the immune system “sees” them, it will try to kill them. The question is: without enough these viruses how can B cells remember them? That’s why we need to take the vaccine more than one time. Though this vaccine is safe, it might not be as effective as it is expected to be.
The live-attenuated vaccine is different. In this vaccine, the viruses are weakened, but they are alive. They can produce enough new viruses to train the immune system to kill and remember them, so people only need to take the vaccine once. The live-attenuated vaccine is considered the most effective, but there is a worry: what might happen once these viruses wake up?
Therefore, although vaccination is by now one of the best ways to protect us from COVID-19, it can be better.
206．The coronavirus can ______.
A．not be killed B．not be found C．cause deaths D．stop pandemic
207．Which of the following can be the best topic sentence of Paragraph 2?______
A．Vaccination can provide us with B cells. B．Vaccines are made from different viruses.
C．Vaccination can prepare us against viruses. D．Vaccines won’t make us ill as the viruses do.
208．Compared to the inactivated vaccine the live-attenuated vaccine ______.
A．needs taking more than once B．is equally safe
C．contains viruses that are killed D．is more effective
209．What can we learn from the passage?______
A．Vaccination is good enough to treat COVID-19.
B．The immune system can be more effective with vaccines.
C．The viruses in inactivated vaccines can make new viruses.
D．180 vaccines have been developed to fight against diseases.
【答案】
206．C
207．C
208．D
209．B
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文，向我们介绍疫苗及其作用。
206．细节理解题。根据“However, some viruses, for example, the coronavirus, are sneaky. They are difficult to recognize and find. These viruses can cause deadly diseases, like COVID-19.”可知，COVID-19可以导致致命的疾病，故选C。
207．段落大意题。分析第二段内容可知，本段主要告诉我们疫苗可以使我们预防病毒，故选C。
208．细节理解题。根据“The live-attenuated vaccine is considered the most effective”可知，减毒活疫苗被认为是最有效的，故选D。
209．推理判断题。根据“They only stimulate and activate our immune system to work, telling it something harmful is coming in.”可知，疫苗只是刺激和激活我们的免疫系统，告诉它有害的东西来了。所以二者是促进关系，选项B“免疫系统使用疫苗会更有效”与之相符，故选B。
Y1
（2021·四川成都市·中考真题）
Tangchang, a town in Chengdu, is well-known for cloth shoes. With over 20 types, Tangchang cloth shoes are strong, comfortable, breathable and friendly to the environment. In 2018, they were added to Sichuan’s intangible cultural heritage list（非物质文化遗产名录）.

63-year-old Lai Shufang has spent over 40 years making Tangchang cloth shoes. Now she is a master. She said there are 32 steps to make a pair, but the most important step is making the soles.
Layers（层）of white cloth are glued together with flour paste（糨糊）. “To make good paste, we make it at a temperature of 85℃. If it’s too low or too high, the paste will not work,” Lai said. Then the pasted layers are dried and cut into different shapes. After this, the layered cloth is beaten again and again until it is tight（紧实的）enough to make soles and upper parts. The next step is to shape the two parts and glue them together. But still the soles’ edges look fluffy. Through repeated polishing and trimming, the fluffy edges（毛边） will become smooth. Then the cloth shoes are ready.

Lai’s hard work touched her son Ai Peng. In 2015, Ai decided to leave his job and help his mother. He used Shu embroidery to make the shoes look more beautiful and opened a cloth shoe store online. He also set up shop windows to show the steps of making shoes, helping more people learn about the art of cloth shoes.
210．What is the most important step in making Tangchang cloth shoes according to Ms. Lai?______
A．Making the soles. B．Making the upper parts. C．Making good flour paste.
211．What is the correct order of the following steps of making Tangchang cloth shoes?______
①beating the layered cloth
②making flour paste at an exact temperature
③gluing the upper parts and the soles together
A．③②① B．②③① C．②①③
212．How many things has Lai’s son done to make the cloth shoes more popular?______
A．Two. B．Three. C．Four.
213．Which of the following questions is answered in the passage?______
A．What are the features of Tangchang cloth shoes?
B．When did Ms. Lai become a master of cloth shoes?
C．What’s the most important material in making cloth shoes?
214．What is the best tile for this passage?______
A．A Talented Shoemaker, Lai Shufang
B．Hand-made Cloth Shoes in Tangchang
C．Tangchang, a Well-known Town in Chengdu
【答案】
210．A
211．C
212．B
213．A
214．B
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文，向我们介绍四川非物质文化遗产名录之一——唐昌布鞋。
210．细节理解题。根据“but the most important step is making the soles”可知，最重要的一步是制作鞋底，故选A。
211．细节理解题。根据“To make good paste, we make it at a temperature of 85℃…After this, the layered cloth is beaten again and again…The next step is to shape the two parts and glue them together.”可知，正确的顺序是②①③，故选C。
212．细节理解题。根据“He used Shu embroidery to make the shoes look more beautiful and opened a cloth shoe store online. He also set up shop windows to show the steps of making shoes, helping more people learn about the art of cloth shoes.”可知，赖淑芳的儿子做了三件事来让布鞋更受欢迎，故选B。
213．细节理解题。根据“With over 20 types, Tangchang cloth shoes are strong, comfortable, breathable and friendly to the environment.”可知，文章介绍了唐昌布鞋的特点，故选A。
214．最佳标题题。本文向我们介绍四川非物质文化遗产名录之一——唐昌布鞋。选项B“唐昌手工布鞋”符合主题，故选B。
Z1
（2021·浙江金华市·中考真题）
The world is full of amazing nature, buildings, technology and discoveries. Some are man-made and others happen naturally.

Musical road
In Japan, there are roads that play music as cars travel over them. Grooves（沟）are carefully cut into the surface of the road. The spaces between the grooves make different music as cars touch them. The closer the groves are, the louder the music will be..

Bicycle in the tree
On Vashon Island, Washington, a bike is seen high up in a tree. The bike is not hanging on a branch（树枝）—it is fixed in the tree and the tree has continued growing upwards. The tree grows around the bike instead of pushing it over, making it part of its growth.

Underground city
In Cappadocia, Turkey, a man knocked down a wall of his home and discovered a huge underground city. It has many tunnels（隧道）, rooms and wells. Thousands of shafts（通风井）bring air to even the deepest levels. The city is huge enough for 200 people and their animals to live in.

215．According to the passage, the musical road plays music because ______.
A．the road is huge enough B．cars are running very fast
C．cars touch the spaces between the grooves D．there is a piano on the road
216．What makes the tree so amazing?______
A．It’s high up in the sky. B．It pushes a bike over.
C．A bike hangs on its branch. D．It continues growing with a bike inside.
217．In which part of a magazine can we most probably read this passage?______
A．Travel. B．Technology. C．Education. D．Health.
【答案】
215．C
216．D
217．A
【分析】
本文介绍了令人惊叹的位于日本的音乐之路，位于华盛顿的树上的自行车以及土耳其的地下城市。
215．细节理解题。根据文中“The spaces between the grooves make different music as cars touch them.”可知，在汽车接触凹槽之间的空间时发出不同的音乐。故选C。
216．细节理解题。根据文中“The tree grows around the bike instead of pushing it over, making it part of its growth.”可知，这棵树令人惊奇，是因为这棵树围绕着自行车生长，使自行车成为它生长的一部分。故选D。
217．推理判断题。根据“The world is full of amazing nature, buildings, technology and discoveries. Some are man-made and others happen naturally.”结合本文主要介绍了令人惊叹的位于日本的音乐之路，位于华盛顿的树上的自行车以及土耳其的地下城市，内容与旅行有关，可推测，本文应该会出现在杂志的Travel部分。故选A。
A2
（2021·浙江金华市·中考真题）

For as long as we can remember, one of the most popular ways parents use to punish their children has been the “time out”.
It seems that it is a good idea: the child sits on his own to reflect（反思）on what he has done. Then, when the time is up, he will apologize and learn from the mistake.
However, just because it’s something that’s been done for years, that doesn’t mean it is the right thing to do. In fact, very often, children don’t sit nicely and think about what they’ve done. Instead, they need to be told a few (or many) times to go back to their places and stay quiet. They’re not reflecting on why they are in the “time out” at all. More likely than not, they’re probably just really angry, and ‘so’ are the parents. In the end, both the parents and the children make each other unhappy, or even angry.
What can parents do to change this situation? You may have already heard of things like peaceful parenting（育儿）and gentle parenting. These focus on the relationship between parent and child through building trust and love. So, instead of starting a “time out”, try something called “time in”. A “time in” needs both parent and child to stay close until both get calm. After that, the parent, and child can discuss what happened and solve the problem together. If the child can make changes, everyone can then move on.
As we all know, punishment and violence（暴力）seldom work and will never teach the children what the right way to act is. A “time in” can be the great time for the children to learn through mistakes, Kids learn how to build their emotional and social skills through difficult situations. So, instead of punishing them for acting their age, we can use chances to teach and guide them to a place of learning.
A “time in” may take more time, but it does work.
218．During a “time out”, a child is told to ______.
A．stay outside B．make a promise C．sit alone and reflect D．return to school
219．In the writer’s opinion, a “time out” ______.
A．is becoming more popular B．doesn’t always work
C．should be parents’ first choice D．takes too much time
220．When a child has done something wrong, the writer suggests that ______.
A．both teachers and parents discuss how to solve the problem
B．parents try something called “time in” instead of “time out”
C．the child say sorry to his or her parents and learn from mistakes
D．the child stay at home and reflect until he never makes mistakes
221．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?______
A．Why not “time in”? B．Learn from mistakes
C．“Time out” or “time in”? D．No violence at home!
【答案】
218．C
219．B
220．B
221．A
【分析】
本文主要讲了教育孩子时的“time out”与“time in”两种方式，通过分析“time in”方式更有效。
218．细节理解题。根据第二段“the child sits on his own to reflect（反思）on what he has done.”可知，在“计时隔离”期间，孩子自己坐下来反思他所做的事情。故选C。
219．细节理解题。根据第三段“However, just because it’s something that’s been done for years, that doesn’t mean it is the right thing to do. In fact…both the parents and the children make each other unhappy, or even angry.”可知，事实上，在“计时隔离”期间，孩子们不会好好地坐着，不会思考他们所做的事情。相反，他们需要被告知几次(或多次)来保持安静。他们根本没有反思为什么他们被“计时隔离”了。所以作者认为，这种处罚不起作用。故选B。
220．细节理解题。根据第四段“So, instead of starting a ‘time out’, try something called ‘time in’.”可知，作者建议，与其“计时隔离”，不如尝试“家长陪伴”。故选B。
221．最佳标题题。本文主要讲了教育孩子时的 “time out”与“time in” 两种方式，通过分析“time in”方式更有效。分析选项可知，Why not “time in”?符合主旨。故选A。
B2
（2021·浙江金华市·中考真题）

①Animal behavior（行为）is an interesting and attractive study. Scientists research the ways animals use to look for food. They study how animals protect themselves from their predators, and which animals kill other animals for food. All of this helps us understand how useful animals can be.
②Each country or culture raises some animals for food. In the United States, people mainly eat meat from cows, chickens and pigs. In other countries, people might raise sheep or buffalo for meat. These differences come in part from weather and other environmental conditions. People around the world eat all kinds of fish and shellfish from oceans and rivers. In some countries, people don’t always choose some animal groups, such as dogs, for food while in other countries such animals may become people’s favorite food.
③ In West Africa, animals provide humans with more than food. They have been helping people do daily work for thousands of years. Horses, oxen, and other work animals pull heavy things. Elephants; camels; and other animals carry people and things from place to place. Carrier pigeons（信鸽）have been used to send messages.
④People also receive health benefits’（利益）from animals. For example, dogs and cats can help calm people down. This is helpful for people fighting illnesses. Animals can also reduce stress, helping people to draw their attention to learning new information, such as reading. When people are walking their dogs or horses, it encourages exercise.
⑤Animals and humans share space on Earth, so keeping a healthy relationship with animals, around us is in our best interest.
222．What is the passage mainly about?______
A．Where animals live and how they look for food.
B．The relationship between animals and humans.
C．The different things animals can do in different countries.
D．What humans should do when communicating with animals.
223．The underlined word “predators” in Paragraph l probably means ______.
A．neighbours B．friends C．children D．enemies
224．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?______
A．People around the world eat all kinds of fish.
B．Horses are helpful for people fighting illnesses.
C．Elephants encourage humans to do more exercise.
D．Africans mainly eat meat from cows, chickens and pigs.
225．Which of the following is the structure（结构）of the passage?______
A． B． C． D．
【答案】
222．B
223．D
224．A
225．C
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了动物和人类之间的关系：动物不仅为人类提供食物、干工作，还和人类有很好的友谊。
222．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据“Each country or culture raises some animals for food. They have been helping people do daily work for thousands of years.”和“People also receive health benefits’（利益）from animals.”可知，本文主要是关于动物和人类之间的关系。故选B。
223．词句猜测题。根据前半句“They study how animals protect themselves”可猜测出，应是他们研究动物如何保护自己免受敌人——捕食者的伤害，故下划线单词“predators”在第一段的意思应是“敌人,enemies”。故选D。
224．细节理解题。根据文中“People around the world eat all kinds of fish and shellfish from oceans and rivers.”可知，全世界的人都吃各种各样的鱼是正确的。故选A。
225．篇章结构题。通读全文，第一段综述动物的行为；第二、三、四段分述动物的用途——为人类提供食物、干活和从动物的健康关系中受益；第四段综述动物和人类的关系。故文章的结构属于总——分——总。故选C。
C2
（2021·浙江绍兴市·中考真题）

Visiting outer space is still a far dream for anyone who isn’t an astronaut, but a day trip to the stars is already open for people to order!
A new company (公司), Space Perspective, is planning tests with passengers. It has big plans to run up to 500 flights from different places across the USA by 2024. If successful, reaching the outer side of space could be as easy as flying abroad in a few years’ time. The plan will be for spacemen and up to eight passengers to travel in Neptune, a capsule (太空舱) tied to a balloon the size of a football field.
They will move slowly upwards right to the side of space, 30 km away from the Earth. There, space tourists will be able to look back at the Earth and out to dark space and the sight of millions of stars. Although the price is yet to be fixed, the expensive flight, which will take six hours, is likely to cost over £100, 000. Because the capsule remains within the Earth’s atmosphere (大气层), no special clothing or training are needed. It means that older people or those with health problems will be included.
One problem may be the method of landing back on the Earth. The balloon moves back down from space until it falls down in the sea. Passengers, spacemen, capsule and balloon are then gotten back by ship.
Now Neptune faces competition from the Stratollite, a balloon being developed by a company called World View Enterprises, while the super-rich Richard Branson, Jeff Bezos and Elon Musk are all pouring money into developing business space flying machines. The advantage of the balloon is that it will be cheaper than a space plane or rocket.
Space travel may soon be a reality (现实), but how visitors get there is still a very open question.
226．We can see from the passage that Space Perspective ______.
A．has completed over 500 tests B．wants to use Neptune to carry people
C．has quite a long history D．makes it easier for us to fly abroad
227．According to Space Perspective’s plan, space tourists ______.
A．should wear special clothing B．will land back on the ground
C．can watch the Earth from space D．must keep in good health
228．The writer implies (暗示) in the passage that ______.
A．the race to get tourists into space is becoming hot
B．there will be only four ways for visitors to reach space
C．the Stratollite is popular with space passengers
D．Richard, Jeff and Elon are all short of money
229．The passage can usually be read in the part of ______ in a newspaper.
A．Culture B．Business C．Health D．Science
【答案】
226．B
227．C
228．A
229．D
【分析】
文章主要讲太空旅行可能很快会成为现实，人们正在为此而做出努力。
226．细节理解题。根据“A new company, Space Perspective, is planning tests with passengers. ... The plan will be for spacemen and up to eight passengers to travel in Neptune, a capsule tied to a balloon the size of a football field.”可知Space Perspective想用太空舱“海王星”运载人。故选B。
227．细节理解题。根据“There, space tourists will be able to look back at the Earth and out to dark space and the sight of millions of stars.”可知根据Space Perspective的计划，太空游客可以从太空中观看地球。故选C。
228．推理判断题。根据“Now Neptune faces competition from the Stratollite”可知“海王星”太空舱面临竞争，再由“Space travel may soon be a reality, but how visitors get there is still a very open question.”可知人们如何到达太空是个很开放的问题，由此推出与此相关的竞争变得很激烈。故选A。
229．推理判断题。文章主要讲太空旅行可能很快会成为现实，人们正在为此而做出努力。属于科学类内容，可能选自报纸的科学部分。故选D。
D2
（2021·山东潍坊市·中考真题）

Everything is made of something. Nothing is made of nothing.
Chemistry is about the smallest things that other bigger things are made of, and what happens when they change. The word chemistry comes from chemical, which is an example of one type of the very small things that other bigger things are made of. The words you are reading now are made of a dark liquid called ink (墨水), which is written on paper. The paper itself is made out of the chemicals that wood is made out of. Both the ink and the paper were made by different chemical processes. A chemical process is what happens when chemicals come together to make other chemicals, and therefore other things.
Cooking makes chemical changes. Your different ingredients are made of different chemicals, and when you put them together and make them hot and cook them, the chemicals change into new chemicals and the different ingredients make something new. That tomato sauce you’re making is made of tomatoes, onions, garlic, salt and pepper. Those ingredients each have their own chemicals and their own flavors, but now with your sauce you’ve made something different, something that has its own flavor, all the ingredients mixed together, all the chemicals mixed together, something new.
You can smell the chemical changes, too, as they go up into your nose, especially when you forget about your sauce and it doesn’t just cook but burns and becomes black and has a really bad flavor. You can’t make it better, either, because once chemicals change, they can’t be changed back again.
230．What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 2 refer to?______
A．Chemistry. B．Chemical.
C．The smallest things. D．The bigger things.
231．What is a chemical process?______
A．Ink is written on paper. B．Paper is made out of wood.
C．Everything is made of something. D．Things mixed together produce something new.
232．What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about?______
A．How to make tomato sauce. B．What to use to form new things.
C．Ingredients and their own flavors. D．Chemical changes in cooking food.
233．Which might be the best title for the text?______
A．What chemistry is like. B．Chemistry changes everything.
C．Where the word chemistry comes from. D．A chemical process is called chemistry.
【答案】
230．C
231．B
232．D
233．D
【分析】
本文介绍了化学变化会产生新的东西。并举例说明什么是化学变化。
230．词义猜测题。根据“Chemistry is about the smallest things that other bigger things are made of, and what happens when they change.”化学是关于其他更大的东西所组成的最小的东西，以及当它们改变时会发生什么。可知，此处的复数的代词they指代上文的the smallest things。故选C。
231．细节理解题。根据“Both the ink and the paper were made by different chemical processes.”可知墨水和纸张都是由不同的化学过程制成的，需要注意A选项的“Ink is written on paper.”，墨水写在纸上和化学变化无关。故选B。
232．段落大意题。根据“Cooking makes chemical changes.”及下文的介绍可知，本段介绍了烹饪食物中的化学变化。故选D。
233．最佳标题题。文章主要介绍了chemistry一词的来历以及相关知识。第二段介绍什么是化学变化以及常见例子；第三段介绍烹饪也会导致化学物质变化；第四段介绍人们可以闻到化学物质变化。整篇文章都和化学变化相关。因此D选项适合做标题。故选D。
E2
（2021·山东泰安市·中考真题）

Scientists say they’ve developed a new system(系统). It can use “machine learning” to predict when and where lightning(闪电) will strike(闪击). The research was led by engineers from Switzerland.
European researchers have estimated(估算) between 6, 000 and 24,000 people are killed by lightning worldwide each year. The strikes can also cause power cuts, destroy houses and start forest fires. For these reasons, some climate scientists have studied to develop methods to predict and control lightning. But no system has been created to effectively predict lightning.
The new system is being tested in the experiments(实验). It used a combination of data(数据资料) from weather stations and machine learning methods. The researchers developed a prediction model. It was trained to tell weather conditions that were possible to cause lightning.
The model was created with some data. The data was collected over a 12-year period from 12 Swiss weather stations in cities and mountain areas. The data related to(与……有关) four main surface conditions: air pressure, air temperature, relative humidity(相对湿度) and wind speed.
The atmospheric(大气的) data was put into a machine learning algorithm(计算程序), which compared it to records of lightning strikes. Researchers say the algorithm was then able to learn the conditions under which lightning happens.
Amirhossein Mostajabi is a PhD student who led the development of the new system. He said, “Common systems for collecting such data are slow and complex, and they require expensive collection equipment(设备) like radar or satellites (卫星).”
“Our system uses data that can be gotten from any weather station,” Mostajabi said. “This will improve data collection in the areas which are not covered by radar and satellites or in places where communication systems have been cut,” he added.
234．According to the passage, the strikes can’t cause ______.
A．power cuts B．earthquakes
C．forest fires D．the death of people
235．What does the underlined word “it” refer to in Paragraph 5?______
A．The lightning strike. B．The system being tested.
C．The machine learning algorithm. D．The atmospheric data.
236．What do the last two paragraphs mainly tell us?______
A．Where weather stations should be built.
B．How the machine learning algorithm works.
C．The advantages of the new system in data collection.
D．The new system has effectively predicted lightning in faraway areas.
237．Which of the following statements about the new system is TRUE?______
A．Its prediction model has been tested for 12 years.
B．It has been put into use in cities and mountain areas widely.
C．The new system requires expensive collection equipment to collect data.
D．It uses machine learning to predict the time and places of lightning strikes.
【答案】
234．B
235．D
236．C
237．D
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文，介绍科学家们开发出的一种能有效地预测闪电的机器，来减少闪电袭击带来的危害和损失。
234．细节理解题。根据“European researchers have estimated(估算) between 6, 000 and 24,000 people are killed by lightning worldwide each year”及“The strikes can also cause power cuts, destroy houses and start forest fires”可知，能导致人的死亡，停电、毁坏房屋和引发森林火灾，故选B。
235．词义猜测题。根据“The atmospheric(大气的) data was put into a machine learning algorithm(计算程序), which compared it to records of lightning strikes”可知，此处是指将大气的数据与闪电袭击的记录相比较，所以it指代“The atmospheric data”，故选D。
236．主旨大意题。根据“Our system uses data that can be gotten from any weather station…”可知，最后两段讲述的是这种新系统在数据收集方面的优势，故选C。
237．推理判断题。根据“ It can use “machine learning” to predict when and where lightning(闪电) will strike”可知，它可以使用“机器学习”来预测闪电何时何地会发生，D表述正确，故选D。
F2
（2021·江苏连云港市·中考真题）
March 2 is Old Stuff Day（旧物日）. It is all about old stuff. Things you used have been forgotten for ages in your home. You must have some old stuff around. And today is all about enjoying it. Because what’s better than finding something really great from days gone by?
It’s so easy to forget things you have. If we don’t use them every day, some things can be put away and stay there. And that’s not just the things in your home— technology grows so quickly, new toys come out all the time, new books keep coming out. In the age of new information, we can have so many things easily. Today is all about remembering the things we sometimes leave behind.
We’ve learned to value what age can bring to things. Wines, for example, are more valuable and tastier as they grow older. It’s certain that old things still have their uses, value or charm. People today will pay a pretty penny for stamps, toys, video games, board games, books, coins, and clothes of yesterday.
You can really get into the charm of old things by visiting a junk shop （旧货店）. Another person’s old stuff could be your new stuff! Or maybe now is a good day to clean up? Old stuff could become a great gift for someone else, or you could always send your old things to a charity shop. If you’re free, you could turn your old clothes into new ones with just a little change.
Today could be a good day to visit your older families. You could ask your grandparents to tell you stories about family history, their childhood and their youth. Learn about what was going on in the world when they were growing up.
Most of all, remember that today’s new stuff will one day be old stuff.
238．What is Old Stuff Day?______
A．A day to throw away old things. B．A day to follow new technology.
C．A day to get together with families. D．A day to enjoy and reuse old things.
239．From paragraph 3, we know that ______.
A．age brings people new things B．people love buying new things
C．people always clean up old stuff D．old stuff is still valuable and useful
240．Which of the following is a proper way to deal with old stuff?______
A．Breaking them into pieces. B．Sending them to charity shops.
C．Forgetting them in some places. D．Turning them into waste things.
241．The author’s purpose in writing the text is to make people ______.
A．realize value of old stuff B．explore new technology
C．produce more old things D．remember family history
【答案】
238．D
239．D
240．B
241．A
【分析】
文章介绍了旧物日的意义以及在这一天人们可以做的一些事情以及旧东西该如何处理。
238．细节理解题。根据“March 2 is Old Stuff Day（旧物日）. It is all about old stuff. Things you used have been forgotten for ages in your home. You must have some old stuff around. And today is all about enjoying it.”可知，旧货日是一个享受并重复使用旧东西的日子。故选D。
239．主旨大意题。根据“We’ve learned to value what age can bring to things...It’s certain that old things still have their uses, value or charm.”可知，本段主要是说旧东西是有用的有价值的，故选D。
240．细节理解题。根据“Old stuff could become a great gift for someone else, or you could always send your old things to a charity shop.”可知，旧东西可以送到慈善商店，故选B。
241．推理判断题。根据“March 2 is Old Stuff Day（旧物日）. It is all about old stuff.”以及“Most of all, remember that today’s new stuff will one day be old stuff.”及整个文章的理解可知，文章的目的就是让人们认识到旧东西的价值，故选A。
G2
（2021·江苏连云港市·中考真题）

You might have seen beautiful rainbows in the sky before. They form when sunlight falls on water drops in the air. But in fact, moonlight can also create rainbows in the same way. They are called “moonbows”. They are similar to rainbows, but they are created by moonlight instead of direct sunlight.
Moonbows are rarer than rainbows. Different weather and astronomical （天文学的）conditions have to be just right for moonbows to be created.
The moon has to be very low in the sky-only 42 degrees from the horizon （地平线）. The moon period has to be a full moon or nearly full. The sky must be very dark for a moonbow to be watched clearly-any bright light can obscure it. Water drops must appear in the air in the opposite direction of the moon.
Moonbows appear on the opposite side of the moon and usually look white to the human eye. This is because their colors are not bright enough to be noticed by the human eye. It is possible, however, to view the colors in a moonbow using long exposure （长时间曝光）photography.
Moonbows more often appear in some locations around the world. Most of these locations usually have waterfalls, which create thin fog in the air. Some of these locations are the Yosemite National Park in California and Cumberland Falls State Resort Park in Kentucky, US; Victoria Falls on the border of Zambia and Zimbabwe; and Waimea in Hawaii, US.
Moonbows do really happen. So at a certain time and a certain place, when a moonbow happens to appear, you can’t miss it if you’re right there.
242．According to the first two paragraphs, moonbows are ______.
A．created by sunlight B．much easier to find
C．seen during the day D．more difficult to form
243．Which of the following can be the conditions for a moonbow to form?______
A．A half moon hangs high in the bright sky.
B．A full moon is 50 degrees from the horizon.
C．A nearly full moon hangs low in the dark sky.
D．Water drops are in the opposite direction of the sun.
244．What does the underlined word “obscure” in paragraph 3 probably mean?______
A．cover B．drop C．connect D．produce
245．What is paragraph 5 mainly about?______
A．Conditions of moonbows. B．Background of moonbows.
C．Locations of moonbows. D．Development of moonbows.
【答案】
242．D
243．C
244．A
245．C
【分析】
文章介绍了罕见的月虹形成的原因，条件等。
242．细节理解题。根据“Moonbows are rarer than rainbows. Different weather and astronomical （天文学的）conditions have to be just right for moonbows to be created.”可知，月虹比彩虹少见，更难形成，故选D。
243．细节理解题。根据“The moon has to be very low in the sky-only 42 degrees from the horizon （地平线）. The moon period has to be a full moon or nearly full. The sky must be very dark for a moonbow to be watched clearly”可知，月亮在天空中必须非常低，离地平线只有42度。月亮周期必须是满月或接近满月。天空一定很暗，才能清楚地看到月虹，故选C。
244．词义猜测题。根据“The sky must be very dark for a moonbow to be watched clearly-any bright light can obscure it.”可知，天空一定很暗，才能清楚地看到月虹，任何光线都能遮住它，所以单词“obscure”指的是“遮住，覆盖”，故选A。
245．主旨大意题。根据“Moonbows more often appear in some locations around the world.”可知，这里介绍的是能够容易出现月虹的一些地方，故选C。
H2
（2021·浙江嘉兴市·中考真题）
The natural world is colorful with humans, plants and animals showing different colors.
Human skin can be many different colors and it changes with the sun, our feelings or our health for example. This is because of pigments(色素), which reflect light and make what the eye sees as colors. So, when we feel excited or angry, our heart can send more blood to the face and the pigments in the skin become red. This is why we have the expression that someone “sees red” when they are angry.
Plants also have pigments. Color is important for them to live on. The bright colors of flowers catch the attention of insects(昆虫), which then carry their pollen(花粉) from one flower to another. Bees can see colors we cannot, and they follow these to the inside of the flower. Without bees visiting flowers in this way, many plants would die out.
Animals also use color for their own need. They protect themselves with different colors so as not to be seen by predators. The snowshoe hare for example, a type of wild rabbit, changes color with seasons for this reason. During summer it is a brown color, and in winter it is white so that it can hide in the snow. However, some animals use color as a warning to make predators stay away. Bright colors such as yellow and red are often used in this way. Nature, however, is very clever, and predators also use colors to attract(吸引) the animals they feed on.
So, we can see that there may be many different reasons and uses for colors in the natural world. Some uses of color in nature remain unknown, but one thing is for sure, color not only makes our planet beautiful but it is also necessary for our planet to live on.
246．Paragraph 2 mainly tells us that ______ is/are the cause that makes human skin change color.
A．feelings B．pigments C．blood D．sunshine
247．According to Paragraph 3, plants can use ______ to attract insects.
A．leaves B．fruits C．pollen D．color
248．The underlined word “predators” in Paragraph 4 refers to animals which ______.
A．hide in secret places B．kill other animals for food
C．change color with the sun D．protect themselves from danger
249．What is the main purpose of the passage?______
A．To describe animals’ ways of life. B．To encourage us to study color in nature.
C．To introduce the uses of colors for life on earth. D．To explain the importance of protecting our planet.
【答案】
246．B
247．D
248．B
249．C
【分析】
自然界中有不同的颜色，这些颜色不仅使我们的星球美丽，在自然界中，颜色有许多不同的原因和用途，它是我们的星球生存的必要。
246．细节理解题。根据第二段“This is because of pigments(色素), which reflect light and make what the eye sees as colors.”可知，人的皮肤可以有很多不同的颜色，这是因为色素反射光线，使眼睛看到的东西变成了颜色。故选B。
247．细节理解题。根据第三段“The bright colors of flowers catch the attention of insects(昆虫), which then carry their pollen(花粉) from one flower to another.”可知，植物用花朵鲜艳的颜色吸引昆虫。故选D。
248．词义猜测题。根据语境“They protect themselves with different colors so as not to be seen by predators.”可知，动物用不同的颜色保护自己，由此可推知predators指的是“以某种动物为食的动物”，B选项“杀死其他动物作为食物”符合语境，故选B。
249．推理判断题。短文第一段介绍自然界中有各种各样的颜色，第二、三、四段分别介绍了人类、植物和动物对颜色的使用；最后一段总结了颜色在自然界中的重要性。C选项“介绍颜色对地球上生命的作用”符合文意，故选C。
I2
（2021·浙江嘉兴市·中考真题）
You may study differently from your friends, but your study habits are not wrong!
Kelly and Maria are best friends with a lot in common. They love doing things together, such as going to movies and concerts, shopping, or just sitting at a small cafe. Since they take a lot of the same school subjects, they would love to study together, but they find this impossible. Their working styles are so completely different that they can’t be in the same room while they are studying!
Kelly would like to study in a clean, open space, while Maria works best with books, papers and other things around her. Kelly prefers to study in a totally silent room, but Maria loves to play music or even have the TV on. Kelly can sit for hours without moving, and often gets all her homework done in one sitting. Maria, however, is always getting up, and says that she thinks best when she’s on the move.
You might be asking yourself: which way of studying gets better results? Many people believe that a silent, tidy setting(环境) is the way to go, ______. Some research has even shown that outside noise and untidiness help some people focus(聚焦) their attention, because it makes them form a “wall” in their mind around what they are doing and improves their focus.
So, if you’re a student who chooses to study while sitting at a table in a busy shopping center, don’t worry about it. If you work in total silence, that’s OK; too. Judging from Kelly’s and Maria’s study habits, the best way to study is the way that works for you. In their very different ways, both of them do well in school, and both finish their work within the required time as well.
250．Kelly and Maria are mentioned as an example in this passage to______.
A．discuss two different study habits B．compare the differences in their hobbies
C．show the importance of a good study habit D．express the writer’s worry about their friendship
251．Which of the following is the best to fill in the blank in Paragraph 4?______
A．and they have difficulty in study B．and it can be true for most of them
C．but that doesn’t seem necessarily true D．but nobody does research on this question
252．What can we infer from thc last paragraph of this passage?______
A．Students who like to study in silence will be more successful
B．Both study habits can help students make progress in their studies.
C．Only a small number of students can study well in a noisy situation.
D．Friends with different study habits can do better by studying together.
253．What can be the best title for the passage?______
A．Are you studying the “right” way?
B．How can you improve your study habits?
C．Is it possible for friends to study well together?
D．What are the advantages of different study setfings?
【答案】
250．A
251．C
252．B
253．A
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。每个人的学习方式各不相同，通过实例证明，研究适合你的方式就是最好的学习方式。
250．细节理解题。通读全文可知，凯莉和玛丽亚有各自不同的学习方式，但他们都在学校表现优异，而且都在规定的时间内完成了学业，所以作为这篇文章中的例子，是为了讨论两种不同的学习习惯。故选A。
251．推理判断题。根据前句“Many people believe that a silent, tidy setting(环境) is the way to go,”后句“Some research has even shown that outside noise and untidiness help some people focus(聚焦) their attention, because it makes them form a “wall” in their mind around what they are doing and improves their focus.”的语境可推测出，空处应是表示转折，说安静整洁的环境不一定是学习的好方法。故选C。
252．推理判断题。根据文中“Judging from Kelly’s and Maria’s study habits, the best way to study is the way that works for you. In their very different ways, both of them do well in school, and both finish their work within the required time as well.”可推理出，这两种学习习惯都可以帮助学生在学习上取得进步。故选B。
253．最佳标题。每个人的学习方式各不相同，通过实例证明，研究适合你的方式就是最好的学习方式。故文章的最佳标题应是“你在研究‘正确’的方法吗”。故选A。
J2
（2021·山东德州市·中考真题）
Isn’t fast food delicious? Aren’t fast food restaurants cool? ... The answer to these questions is yes.
However, there are growing facts that fast food is one of the worst parts of modern life. And studies have shown that burgers and fried chicken, which we enjoy so much, can cause a lot of health problems.
In spite of (尽管) this, why are fast food restaurants so attractive(吸引人的)? The first and most important reason is that their service is fast. Their staff(员工) are friendly and very smart-looking in their clean and bright uniforms(制服). Moreover, most fast food restaurants are near places that people always pass by. It is so easy to grab a burger and eat on the way to work.
Fast food is often so conveniently packed(包装方便) that it will not cause a mess even if you stand and eat it. Fast food restaurants are also very clean. A lot of clever ads(广告) have made them the coolest places in town, but none of them has ever told and will never tell you that too much fast food is not good for your health.
Such attractive places are selling junk food! Isn’t it a pity? Is there a way to change the fast food restaurants into special places where you get the best possible, healthy and fresh food?
Well, why not?
As people realize the health problems that fast food causes, it is quite likely that fast food restaurants may go out of date. It may happen sooner or later.
Therefore, instead of resisting(抵制) fast food restaurants, a better idea may be to persuade(说服) them to change their menu! Fast food restaurants can be places to go to when you want to eat something that will be good for your body. If they could combine(结合) healthy food with their speed of service, delicious tastes and comfortable feelings, that will be the next best thing on the earth for the human beings!
254．What does “this” in Paragraph 2 refer to?______
A．Fast food is delicious. B．Fast food restaurants are cool.
C．People enjoy fast food. D．Fast food can cause health problems.
255．Fast food has many advantages EXCEPT that it’s ______.
A．delicious B．fast
C．healthy D．unhealthy
256．Which word can replace the word “grab” in Paragraph 3?______
A．move suddenly B．get quickly
C．throw quickly D．carry carefully
257．According to the passage, ads about fast food ______.
A．show you all the facts B．don’t tell you the whole truth
C．make it hard to buy fast food D．make fast food restaurants out of date
258．The author advises ______.
A．making the service of fast food faster B．resisting fast food restaurants
C．changing tastes of fast food D．making fast food good for health
【答案】
254．D
255．D
256．B
257．B
258．D
【分析】
文章讲述了经常吃快餐会对人们的健康有害，但是快餐店却在人们的生活中随处可见，文中还提出了与其抵制快餐店，不如说服他们改变菜单，让人们吃健康的食物。
254．推理判断题。根据“And studies have shown that burgers and fried chicken, which we enjoy so much, can cause a lot of health problems. In spite of (尽管) this, why are fast food restaurants so attractive(吸引人的)?”可知，这里说的是尽管快餐会引起健康问题，但是快餐还是很受欢迎，所以“this”指代的是“快餐会导致健康问题”，故选D。
255．细节理解题。根据“However, there are growing facts that fast food is one of the worst parts of modern life….can cause a lot of health problems.”可知，快餐是不健康的，故选D。
256．词义猜测题。根据“most fast food restaurants are near places that people always pass by. It is so easy to grab a burger and eat on the way to work.”可知，大多数快餐店都在人们经常经过的地方附近。在上班的路上买个汉堡吃是很容易的。所以单词“grab”指的是“快速地得到”，故选B。
257．细节理解题。根据“A lot of clever ads(广告) have made them the coolest places in town, but none of them has ever told and will never tell you that too much fast food is not good for your health.”可知，大部分的快餐广告不会告诉你全部的真相，故选B。
258．细节理解题。根据“Therefore, instead of resisting(抵制) fast food restaurants, a better idea may be to persuade(说服) them to change their menu!”可知，作者建议与其抵制快餐店，不如说服他们改变菜单，让他们卖健康的食品，故选D。
K2
（2021·安徽中考真题）
Do you ever give up easily in difficult stations? If so, imagine yourself as someone with great abilities, like Batman (蝙蝠侠). It will help you feel strong. You will not give up easily and will probably do better. This is called the Batman Effect (效应).
In a study, researchers gave three groups of six-year-old children a difficult task to complete on a computer. In Group One, the children were told to repeat asking themselves, “Am I working hard?” In Group Two, the children were told to ask themselves the same question in the third person-as in “Is Sam working hard?” And in Group Three, the children were told to imagine themselves as Batman and ask themselves “Is Batman working hard?” Researchers found that the children in Group Three did the best.
How can you make use of the Batman Effect? Imagine yourself as someone who is the best for the task you are doing. If you’re facing a personal difficulty, imagine yourself as a wise family member. If you’re running a race at school, imagine yourself as a top runner. In this way, you can become a little more like the person you wish to be.
259．Who took part in the study?______
A．Sam’s family. B．Difficult persons.
C．Computer makers. D．Six-year-old children.
260．How can a boy do better in running a race according to the text?______
A．By joining a group. B．By talking with a family member.
C．By answering questions. D．By imagining himself as a top runner.
261．What is the best title (标题) for the text?______
A．Go and do research! B．Come and complete tasks!
C．I can do it! I’m Batman! D．You can help! You’re a helper!
【答案】
259．D
260．D
261．C
【分析】
本文主要介绍了减压必备的“蝙蝠侠效应”。
259．细节理解题。根据“In a study, researchers gave three groups of six-year-old children a difficult task to complete on a computer”可知，六岁的孩子们参加了这个研究，故选D。
260．细节理解题。根据“If you’re running a race at school, imagine yourself as a top runner”可知，如果你在学校参加赛跑，想象自己是一名顶尖的运动员，故选D。
261．最佳标题。本文围绕“蝙蝠侠效应”来介绍该如何减压，让自己做到最好，所以最符合本文的标题是“我能做到！我是蝙蝠侠！”符合，故选C。
L2
（2021·重庆中考真题）
China has named the nation’s first Mars rover（火星车）ZhuRong. For all of us, Zhu Rong is a well-suited name.
In an ancient Chinese story, Zhu Rong had the face of a man and the body of an animal. H rode on two dragons. When he had a big fight with Gong Gong, the god of water, Zhu Rong won. But after the fight, the human world came into complete darkness. Then he brought fire from heaven（天国）to the world.
“Zhu Rong is regarded as the earliest god of fire in traditional Chinese culture,” a space official said. “The first Mars rover was named Zhu Rong. The name symbolizes（象征）light and hope for space exploration（探索）in our country, and means to guide humans to continue exploration.”
After leaving the earth last summer, Zhu Rong circled Mars for several months and landed on it in May. In recent years, our country has sent up the world’s first quantum satellite（量子卫星）, and Chang’e-4 has made a soft landing on the moon. We have made great progress in space technology and will soon start building our own space station.
262．What Zhu Rong brought from heaven to the world was ______.
A．fire B．wars C．water D．animals
263．For China’s space exploration, the name Zhu Rong symbolizes ______.
A．a big fight B．complete darkness C．light and hope D．Chinese culture
264．The underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refers to “______”.
A．the earth B．Mars C．the moon D．the sun
265．According to the passage, we can infer that ______.
A．Zhu Rong is a bad person in an ancient Chinese story
B．China has made great progress in space technology
C．the writer is proud of China’s space technology
D．the official doesn’t like the name Zhu Rong
【答案】
262．A
263．C
264．B
265．C
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文，向我们介绍全国第一个火星探测器——祝融。
262．细节理解题。根据“Then he brought fire from heaven（天国）to the world.”可知，祝融把火从天国带到人间，故选A。
263．细节理解题。根据“The name symbolizes（象征）light and hope for space exploration（探索）in our country, and means to guide humans to continue exploration.”可知，这个名字象征着我国太空探索的光明和希望，意味着引导人类继续探索，故选C。
264．推理判断题。分析“After leaving the earth last summer, Zhu Rong circled Mars for several months and landed on it in May.”可知，在去年夏天离开地球后，祝融绕火星飞行了几个月，并于5月在火星上着陆。此处it指的是“火星”，故选B。
265．推理判断题。根据“We have made great progress in space technology and will soon start building our own space station.”可知，我们在太空技术上取得了巨大进步，不久将开始建设我们自己的空间站，所以作者为中国的航天技术感到自豪，故选C。
M2
（2021·重庆中考真题）
A new contact lens（隐形眼镜片） has been developed by scientists from America, Britain and China. It can check for illnesses at any time by examining chemical in tears. A new sensor（感应器）is used to achieve the purpose.
Scientists hope that the improvement could help to deal with sudden medical events. Dr Zhao Yunlong said. “COVID-19 has had a great influence on the scientific world. And we are doing research to help people deal with similar events in the future.”
When introducing the new contact lens, Dr. Guo Shiqi, a researcher at Harvard, said. “In the past, the sensor was put between the layers（层）of the lens. It didn’t have direct contact（接触） with tears. But our new sensor is smaller and smarter, it can be fixed to a lens and keep direct contact with tears. What’s more, it causes no discomfort to the eye.”
The contact lens has not been put to the market, but researchers are quite sure that it will be welcomed. It is especially useful for the old and those who may experience sudden medical events.
As society develops, scientists are supposed to develop more products that provide care and convenience（便利） for people. The contact lens is one of what they are researching on. Earlier, a California company developed another kind of contact lens using LED technology. It can show the health information on the mobile phone. Steve Sinclair, head of the company, said, “We have to build something that helps you when you need it and stays off when you don’t need it.”
266．According to Dr. Zhao Yunlong, they do this research because ______.
A．they are experienced B．they are asked to do so
C．they want to fight COVID-19 D．they want to help people
267．The advantage of the new sensor is that ______.
A．it is put between lenses B．it s much cheaper
C．it is smaller and smarter D．it can be used for many years
268．The writer writes the last paragraph by giving ______.
A．an opinion and facts B．an opinion and answers
C．a question and facts D．a question and answers
269．The best title of this passage probably is ______.
A．Sensors: Science and Technology B．Contact Lenses and Convenience
C．The Most Useful Product D．Great Companies of Contact Lens
【答案】
266．D
267．C
268．A
269．B
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文，向我们介绍了一种新的隐形眼镜片。
266．细节理解题。根据“COVID-19 has had a great influence on the scientific world. And we are doing research to help people deal with similar events in the future.”可知，COVID-19对科学界产生了重大影响，赵正在做研究，以帮助人们在未来处理类似事件。故选D。
267．细节理解题。根据“But our new sensor is smaller and smarter, it can be fixed to a lens and keep direct contact with tears.”可知，新传感器更小更智能，可以固定在镜头上，直接与眼泪接触。故选C。
268．细节理解题。分析最后一段内容“Earlier, a California company developed another kind of contact lens using LED technology. It can show the health information on the mobile phone. Steve Sinclair, head of the company, said, “We have to build something that helps you when you need it and stays off when you don’t need it.””可知，本段通过给出观点和事实进行写作，故选A。
269．最佳标题题。分析全文内容可知，本文主要向我们介绍了一种新的隐形眼镜片。选项B“隐形眼镜和便利性”符合主题，故选B。
M2
（2021·重庆中考真题）
Build for yourself a strong box.
Build each part with care;
When it strong as your hand can make it,
Put all your troubles there.

Hide there all thought of your failures.
And each pain that you take;
Lock all your heartaches in it,
Then sit on the lid（盖子）and laugh
Tell no one else what’s inside,
Never share its secrets;
When you’ve dropped in your care and worry,
Keep them for ever there.

Hide them from sight（视野）so completely
That the world will never dream half;
Cover the strong box safely,
Then sit on the lid and laugh.

270．The material above is probably ______.
A．a story B．a play C．a poem D．a letter
271．What does the writer advise us to put in the box?______
A．Happy things. B．Sad things. C．Interesting things. D．Boring things.
272．According to the writer, we’d better keep these things in the box ______.
A．for ever B．for a year C．for a month D．for a week
273．After covering the box with the lid, we can sit on it and ______.
A．cry B．share C．dream D．laugh
【答案】
270．C
271．B
272．A
273．D
【分析】
本文是关于如何解决烦恼和痛苦的一首诗歌。
270．推理判断题。根据本文的格式和句式可推断，这是一首诗歌，故选C。
271．细节理解题。根据“Put all your troubles there”可知，把自己所有的难过，困扰放在这个盒子里，故选B。
272．细节理解题。根据“Keep them for ever there.”可知，最好让这些东西永远留在盒子里，故选A。
273．细节理解题。根据“Then sit on the lid and laugh”可知，坐在上面大笑，故选D。
N2
（2021·重庆中考真题）
Historically, most cars have run on gasoline（汽油）, but that may change in the future: cars can also run on other liquid fuels（液体燃料） and electricity.
Gasoline is from oil. The energy in gasoline comes from hydrocarbons（碳氢化合物）. Gasoline provides great power for cars. However, it causes environmental problems, like air pollution and temperature rise. So gasoline can’t be the best fuel.
Another choice is electricity. Electricity cars can be as efficient（效能好的） as cars using gasoline. And they produce less pollution. But electric cars themselves are more expensive. Good news is that the cost has been lower and there are more and more places for the cars to get electricity ever since 2010.
The other choices are other liquid fuels. Many of these can be stored in the same places as gasoline, and used in the same cars. They can also be friendly to the environment.
One way to make such fuels is to get CO2 from the air and put it in water. Through chemical reaction, hydrocarbons can be created. However, these fuels take up more space.
Another way is to make such fuels from plants which take in carbon from the air. These fuels are greener in use. But not all of them can be as efficient as gasoline.
For a fuel to be the best, people have to be able to afford it. Unluckily, almost every green technology is more expensive than that of using gasoline. Governments and car producers are doing everything they can to cut down the costs. In the end, the best fuel will be both affordable for car users and green for our planet.
274．Gasoline provides cars with ______.
A．great power B．fresh air C．clean water D．enough space
275．According to Paragraph 3, we can infer that electric cars ______.
A．produce less pollution B．will become more and more expensive
C．will become more popular D．are more efficient than those using gasoline
276．The structure of the passage may be ______.
A． B． C． D．
277．What would be the best title for the passage?______
A．How Do We Protect Our Planet? B．What Are the Fuels’ Differences?
C．What Is the Best Fuel for Cars? D．How Do We Make Fuels for Cars?
【答案】
274．A
275．C
276．B
277．C
【分析】
本文主要介绍了汽油车和电动车的优势和劣势，以及用其他液体燃料的汽车，并着重介绍了制造这种燃料的方法。
274．细节理解题。根据“Gasoline provides great power for cars”可知，汽油为汽车提供强大的动力，故选A。
275．推理判断题。根据“And they produce less pollution”及“Good news is that the cost has been lower and there are more and more places for the cars to get electricity ever since 2010”可推断，未来电动车会变得更加受欢迎，故选C。
276．篇章结构题。根据本文的内容可知，第一段总体概括汽车未来的趋势；第二段到第四段分别介绍了汽油车，电动车以及用其他液体燃料汽车的情况；第五段和第六段是根据第四段的内容，再细分介绍了制造其他液体燃料的方法；最后一段总结概括。故选B。
277．最佳标题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了汽油车和电动车的优势和劣势，以及用其他液体燃料的汽车，故最适合本文的标题是C选项“汽车最好的燃料是什么”符合，故选C。
O2
（2021·浙江丽水市·中考真题）

Think of space! What comes to mind? No, I’m not talking about planets or aliens. I’m talking about the space we live in! The world is full of different spaces. We can think about spaces in three different ways: public spaces, private spaces and personal spaces.
PUBLIC SPACE
Public spaces are social spaces for everyone to get together. They belong to everyone. But wait! Before you camp in your local park or throw a party at a library, remember that there are rules. The rules are set to keep these spaces clean and safe.
PRIVATE SPACE
A private space is for our own. We all like spaces that need homes, where we can relax and stay alone. We are not allowed to enter a private space freely.
PERSONAL SPACE
This is the space where we sit and stand. Everyone feels different about their personal spaces. People may feel uncomfortable or angry when someone they don’t know gets too close.
We should respect（尊重）all spaces. We should respect public spaces. We can’t leave a mess or take anything that doesn’t belong to us. It’s important to leave no trace（痕迹）in public spaces. We should respect private spaces by asking for permission before entering. And we should respect personal spaces by finding out how much space a friend or classmate needs to feel comfortable. Respecting all spaces helps make us better people. It also helps keep our community safe and fun.
278．According to the passage, is ______ a private space.
A．the library B．the classroom C．your own room D．your local park
279．People should respect public spaces by ______.
A．bringing everyone together B．asking for permission
C．finding out others’ feelings D．leaving no trace in them
280．From the passage we know that ______.
A．personal spaces belong to everyone B．people feel the same about their spaces
C．private spaces make people uncomfortable D．people can think about spaces in three ways
【答案】
278．C
279．D
280．D
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文，向我们介绍了三种空间：公共空间，私人空间和个人空间。
278．推理判断题。根据“A private space is for our own. We all like spaces that need homes, where we can relax and stay alone. We are not allowed to enter a private space freely.”可知，私人空间是属于我们自己的，我们都喜欢需要家的空间，在那里我们可以放松和独处，我们不允许自由进入私人空间。选项C“你自己的房间”与之相符，故选C。
279．细节理解题。根据“We should respect public spaces. We can’t leave a mess or take anything that doesn’t belong to us. It’s important to leave no trace（痕迹）in public spaces.”可知，我们应该尊重公共空间，我们不能乱丢东西，也不能拿走不属于我们的东西，重要的是不要在公共场所留下任何痕迹。故选D。
280．细节理解题。根据“We can think about spaces in three different ways: public spaces, private spaces and personal spaces.”可知，我们可以从三种不同的方式来思考空间。故选D。
P2
（2021·浙江丽水市·中考真题）

Is there something in your community that could be changed? Is there a person in your neighborhood who could offer help? If you’re hoping for someone to make a difference, that someone could be you!
Volunteering your time is a great way to make a difference in your community. And you’ll feel good about doing something that helps people or improves the places around you.
This past summer, my friends and I noticed how messy our neighborhood park was. We wanted it to be different. We worked without parents and teachers to clean up the park. We had a great time making the park even better than before, and now the whole neighborhood is able to share and enjoy it again.
Maybe cleaning up a park isn’t your choice, though. No problem! You can turn anything that matters to you into a volunteer project. Do you like playing chess, reading, or spending time with your pet? You can volunteer to do what you love to do. For example, you could help at an old people’s center, simply by talking or playing games with them to make their days better. If you’re great at math or English. You could volunteer to be a homework helper at your school. You’re always needed to walk dogs or play with cats. Or you can collect things for hopeless people, such as soap and toothbrushes.
You see, there is something for everyone. Whatever you do as a volunteer, your time will be enjoyed and that always feels good. Kids everywhere are making a difference by volunteering. You can, too!
281．The passage is mainly written for ______.
A．kids. B．parents. C．teachers D．neighbors
282．Last summer the writer volunteered to ______.
A．walk dogs B．teach pupils math C．talk with the old D．clean up the park
283．The main idea of Paragraph 4 is that ______.
A．collecting things has a lot of fun B．cleaning up a park isn’t your choice
C．the old people always need help D．anything can become a volunteer job
284．We can infer（推断）that the writer is full of ______ when writing this passage.
A．thanks B．hope C．surprise D．worries
【答案】
281．A
282．D
283．D
284．B
【分析】
文章大意：本文作者通过自己做志愿者打扫公园的事情，呼吁我们尽自己的所能去做志愿者，从而改变自己周围的环境，并就如何做好志愿者给出了一些意见和建议。
281．推理判断题。根据“If you’re great at math or English. You could volunteer to be a homework helper at your school.”如果你擅长数学或英语。你可以志愿在你的学校做家庭作业助手。以及“Kids everywhere are making a difference by volunteering. You can, too!”各地的孩子都在通过志愿活动来改变世界。你也可以！可以推知这篇文章主要是写给孩子们的，故选A。
282．细节理解题。根据“This past summer, my friends and I noticed how messy our neighborhood park was. We wanted it to be different. We worked without parents and teachers to clean up the park.”去年夏天，我和我的朋友们注意到我们附近的公园有多乱。我们希望它有所不同。我们在没有父母和老师的情况下打扫公园。可知，去年夏天，作者和他的朋友们自愿打扫公园。故选D。
283．推理判断题。根据第四段中的信息“You can turn anything that matters to you into a volunteer project.”你可以把任何对你很重要的事情变成一个志愿者项目。结合本段以下的内容，可知本段主要讲述了任何事情都可以成为志愿工作。故选D。
284．推理判断题。根据“You see, there is something for everyone. Whatever you do as a volunteer, your time will be enjoyed and that always feels good. Kids everywhere are making a difference by volunteering. You can, too!”你看，每个人都有适合自己的东西。无论你做什么作为一个志愿者，你的时间将享受，这总是感觉很好，各地的孩子都在通过志愿活动来改变世界。你也可以！由此可以推知，作者在写这篇文章的时候是充满了希望的。故选B。
Q2
（2021·浙江丽水市·中考真题）
Everybody enjoys acts of kindness. But can you explain why? Some people think kindness is something out of love and care, while others believe it is just a tool that we use to become more popular. But research shows that being kind can activate（激活）an area of the brain called Striatum. Research also shows that kindness improves people’s mood（情绪）. But why and how does it happen? Here are a number of different ways.
Being kind can make someone smile. If you see yourself smile in a situation, people around you may be smiling, too. This is especially true for your close friends and family. A kind act makes someone who is sad feel better. It can also make ourselves feel good. So why not set off that chain（链条）of good feelings to people around?
Secondly, being kind starts or develops a social connection with others. Kid acts like buying someone a present make friendships stronger. Research has shown that spending money on others may help you get a stronger feeling of happiness than spending it on yourself. Similarly, charities（慈善） also open up new circles of people to connect with someone on the other side of the world.
In another recent research, even children in their first year of secondary school know how being kind makes them feel happy. If one person is kind, he or she makes others in the group kind. It also lifts everyone’s spirits. Imagine that you make cakes for the office and it makes others do it each month. Then you’re getting cakes a lot more days than providing them.
The story doesn’t end here. Being kind may improve your mood, but research has also shown that if you’re in a good mood, you can act much more kindly. This makes it a wonderful two-way relationship. doesn’t it?
285．The writer lends in the topic by ______.
A．telling a story B．asking questions C．giving examples D．making a survey
286．The underlined word “It” in Paragraph 2 refers to ______.
A．The situation B．The family C．The kind act D．That chain
287．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage?______
A． B． C． D．
288．If you were an editor（编辑）, you’d put the above passage in “______” of a newspaper.
A．Science B．Wealth C．Invention D．Culture
【答案】
285．B
286．C
287．C
288．A
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文，向我们介绍研究表明善良的几个好处。
285．细节理解题。根据“But why and how does it happen?”可知，作者通过提问来引出这个话题。故选B。
286．推理判断题。分析“A kind act makes someone who is sad feel better. It can also make ourselves feel good.”可知，善良的行为会让悲伤的人感觉好一些，它也能让我们感觉良好。此处it指的是“善良的行为”。故选C。
287．篇章结构题。第一段设问，引出文章主题；第二、三、四、五段分别介绍善良让人微笑、善良让开始或发展与他人的社会联系、善良提升每个人的精神以及善良可能会改善你的情绪。全文是总分结构，故选C。
288．推理判断题。本文是一篇说明文，向我们介绍研究表明善良可以改善人们的情绪。所以推测应该在“科学”版块，故选A。
R2
（2021·四川自贡市·中考真题）
The Arctic has always been an area of great beauty and mystery, where a lot of movies and TV shows are made. Here are three of our favorite Arctic movies.
Klaus (2019)
Klaus is a family holiday film about the origins of Santa Claus, many people’s favorite old man at Christmas. Santa is said to live in the North Pole, but in Klaus, he lives in Smeerenburg, a Norwegian settlement on the island of Svalbard. There, a young postman convinces the town’s kids to send letters to the lonely woodsman named Klaus, and in return he will reward them with toys.
Balto (1995)
Based on a true story, this animated movie takes place when a deadly disease hits the small town of Nome, Alaska, US, in 1925. A half-wolf dog named Balto must lead a sled-dog team across the snowy expanse to send life-saving medicine to the town’s citizens hundreds of kilometers away.
Arctic (2019)
Is there a better place for a survival (生存) story than the Arctic? In the film Arctic, one man must survive in the icy landscape after his plane crashes. He must fish, find water, and build a makeshift camp to stay alive. The film, shot in the cold wilderness of Iceland, shows just how hard life can be in the Arctic.
289．Which movie will you choose if you are interested in Christmas?______
A．Klaus (2019). B．Balto (1995). C．Arctic (2019).
290．Which word best describes the half-wolf dog Balto?______
A．Lively. B．Helpful. C．Outgoing.
291．Where was the movie Arctic (2019) shot?______
A．In Smeerenburg. B．In Alaska. C．In Iceland.
【答案】
289．A
290．B
291．C
【分析】
文中介绍了三部最受喜欢的关于北极的电影。
289．细节理解题。根据“Klaus is a family holiday film about the origins of Santa Claus, many people’s favorite old man at Christmas.”可知《Klaus》是一部关于圣诞老人的电影，对圣诞节感兴趣可以选择这部。故选A。
290．推理判断题。根据“A half-wolf dog named Balto must lead a sled-dog team across the snowy expanse to send life-saving medicine to the town’s citizens hundreds of kilometers away.”可知Balto带领一支雪橇犬队穿越雪原，为数百公里外的居民送去救命的药物，它是有用的。故选B。
291．细节理解题。根据“The film, shot in the cold wilderness of Iceland, shows just how hard life can be in the Arctic.”可知电影《北极》拍摄于冰岛。故选C。
S2
（2021·四川自贡市·中考真题）
If you’re riding in a “lift” or an “elevator”, or eating “chips” versus “fries”, these words all depend on whether you’re in the UK or US. Although they both speak English, there are many phrases and idioms that differ between the cultures.
For example, have you ever just not been in the mood to go out with friends? In the US you might say you don’t feel like doing that activity, but in the UK you would say, “I can’t be asked.”
Maybe you’re about to take a test and feel a little anxious. In the US, you might say you are nervous, but in the UK, one could say they are “having kittens”. If someone in the UK were feeling they were under pressure, they might say they are “under the cosh”.
Even many native English speakers are often confused by the meanings of these terms. Stephanie Stone, a US native, recalls her experience studying in the UK. “People would ask, ‘You all right?’ For months I thought I looked unwell until I realized it just meant ‘How’s it going?’.”
If you want to know more about US and UK idioms, you’d better “have a butcher’s hook” at some phrase books. It can be quite interesting to find, the equivalent（对应的）phrases in your own language.
292．What would you say in America if you are unwilling to go out with friends?______
A．I can’t be asked. B．I’m under the cosh. C．I don’t feel like doing that.
293．How might Stephanie Stone feel at first when asked ‘You all right?’ in the UK?______
A．Surprised. B．Pleased. C．Tired.
294．What does the phrase “have a butcher’s hook” in the last paragraph mean?______
A．Get many skills. B．Have a look. C．Find some words.
295．What is the text mainly about?______
A．The meanings of phrases and idioms in the UK and US.
B．The history of phrases and idioms in the UK and US.
C．The differences of phrases and idioms in the UK and US.
【答案】
292．C
293．A
294．B
295．C
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了英国和美国短语和习语的差异。
292．细节理解题。根据“In the US you might say you don’t feel like doing that activity”可知，在美国，如果你不愿意和朋友出去，你会说“你不想做那个活动”，故选C。
293．推理判断题。根据“People would ask, ‘You all right?’ For months I thought I looked unwell until I realized it just meant ‘How’s it going?’”可知，人们会问“你没事吧？”，几个月来，作者一直觉得自己看起来不太舒服，直到我意识到它只是表示“怎么样了？”所以作者一开始感到惊讶，故选A。
294．词句猜测题。分析“If you want to know more about US and UK idioms, you’d better ‘have a butcher’s hook’ at some phrase books.”可知，如果你想了解更多的英美习语，你最好去看一些习语书。此处“have a butcher’s hook”的意思是“看”的意思，故选B。
295．主旨大意题。分析全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了英国和美国短语和习语的差异。故选C。
U2
（2021·四川自贡市·中考真题）
Named after the “quest for heavenly truth”, Tianwen 1, China’s first Mars probe（探测器）, has given us impressive pictures of the red planet. The first high-resolution（高分辨率的）pictures of Mars taken by Tianwen 1 were made public by the China National Space Administration（CNSA） on March 4.
“These are the first close-up pictures of Mars’ surface taken by China, ” said Bao Weimin, a scientist of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
The pictures were taken at different distances from Mars. The two black-and-white pictures were taken by the high-resolution camera on Tianwen 1 when the probe was about 330-350 kilometers above the Martian surface. As for the color picture, it was taken by Tianwen 1’s medium-resolution（中分辨率的）camera when the probe was about 5, 000 kilometers above the red planet. It shows Mars’ North Pole.
The high-resolution camera can take both color and panchromatic（全色的）pictures. Panchromatic pictures, which are black and white, are the clearest, having the largest amount of data for scientific study, said Liu Tongjie. The medium-resolution camera, can only produce lesser clear pictures. Scientists put the panchromatic and color pictures together to form a clear and beautiful color picture, Liu added.
Tianwen 1, the country’s first independent Mars task, was sent up on July 23, kicking off the nation’s planetary exploration program. The probe entered its preset orbit above Mars on Feb 24 and is looking for a landing site on the planet’s largest plain. The probe is expected to land on the red planet sometime between May and June.
296．When were the first high-resolution photos of Mars made public by CNSA?______
A．On Feb 24. B．On March 4. C．On July 23.
297．What does the word “It” refer to in paragraph 3?______
A．The color picture. B．The black-and-white picture. C．The clear and beautiful picture.
298．What do we know about the pictures according to the text?______
A．The first close-up pictures of Mars’ surface were taken at different distances from Mars.
B．The color pictures have the largest amount of data for scientific study.
C．The clearest pictures were taken by the medium-resolution camera.
299．What will be most probably discussed next?______
A．Tianwen 1 will take more pictures of Mars.
B．Tianwen 1 will land on the red planet, Mars.
C．Tianwen 1 will do some scientific research on Mars.
【答案】
296．B
297．A
298．A
299．B
【分析】
本文介绍了中国首次火星探测任务及首个火星探测器“天问一号”。
296．细节理解题。根据“The first high-resolution（高分辨率的）pictures of Mars taken by Tianwen 1 were made public by the China National Space Administration（CNSA） on March 4.”可知第一张火星的高分辨率照片是在3月4日公布的。故选B。
297．词义推断题。根据划线词的上一句“As for the color picture, it was taken by Tianwen 1’s medium-resolution（中分辨率的）camera when the probe was about 5, 000 kilometers above the red planet. ”可知it指代的是中分辨率相机拍摄的彩色照片。故选A。
298．细节理解题。根据“The pictures were taken at different distances from Mars.”可知the pictures指代“These are the first close-up pictures of Mars’ surface taken by China...”中的特写照片，因此特写照片是从火星不同距离拍摄的。故选A。
299．推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“The probe is expected to land on the red planet sometime between May and June.”可知该探测器预计将在5月至6月之间的某个时候登陆这颗红色星球。因此之后很有可能讨论天问一号登陆火星。故选B。
V2
（2021·四川泸州市·中考真题）
While I was jumping rope, my smartphone took a fall to the floor which created cracks (裂缝) on my screen. However, the music kept playing 30 minutes later, I could see only one tenth of my screen while the rest was black. The next morning, I decided not to use it for 24 hours. I felt a sense of calm that day, which led to my not using it for one week. One week ended up becoming 60 days in total without my smartphone.
Here are some advantages I noticed in this challenge.
—You’ll become “bored”
Without my phone, I became bored, but my mind went through all kinds of topics. Boredom（无聊) is a perfect way to create new ideas on a business or project. When you are bored, you allow your mind to relax to reach all possibilities.
—You’ll be able to reduce your “work” hours
A survey found that adults checked their smartphones 85 times a day, or once every 10 minutes. As I learned in my challenge, by not having my smartphone, I fell into deep work more easily, so I completed my tasks in a shorter time.
—You’ll improve your mental health
Without my phone, I avoided reading negative (负面的) news and comments. While that helped make a big improvement in my mental health, the biggest reason for it was truly communicating with people. It brought me more connections with humans in the real world. I went to more dinners with friends and asked more questions to strangers.
300．What happened to the writer’s smartphone?
A．It was lost. B．It had no sound.
C．Its music stopped playing. D．Its screen was mostly black.
301．How long did the writer stop using the phone in the end?______
A．For 24 hours. B．For one week.
C．For one month. D．For sixty days.
302．Boredom is a good way for the writer ______.
A．to create new ideas B．to start a business
C．to set up a project D．to relax the body
303．Without the smartphone, the writer could finish the work ______.
A．more terribly B．more quickly
C．more carelessly D．more comfortably
304．What can improve people’s mental health according to the passage?______
A．Chatting on the phone. B．Reading negative news.
C．Communicating in the real world. D．Avoiding meeting friends and strangers.
【答案】
300．D
301．D
302．A
303．B
304．C
【分析】
本文讲述了作者通过自己60天没有用智能手机的经历，讲述了没有智能手机的好处：你会变得无聊；你可以减少你的工作时间；你的心理健康会大有改善。
300．细节理解题。根据“However, the music kept playing 30 minutes later, I could see only one tenth of my screen while the rest was black.”可知，作者的手机屏幕大部分地方都黑屏了。故选D。
301．细节理解题。根据“One week ended up becoming 60 days in total without my smartphone.”可知，作者60天没有用智能手机。故选D。
302．细节理解题。根据“Boredom（无聊) is a perfect way to create new ideas on a business or project.”可知，作者认为无聊是一种在商业或项目上创造新想法的完美方法。故选A。
303．细节理解题。根据“As I learned in my challenge, by not having my smartphone, I fell into deep work more easily, so I completed my tasks in a shorter time.”可知，由于没有智能手机，作者更容易投入到深入的工作中，所以作者在更短的时间内完成了任务，即作者完成工作更快。故选B。
304．细节理解题。根据“While that helped make a big improvement in my mental health, the biggest reason for it was truly communicating with people.”可知，作者认为心理健康有了很大的改善的最大的原因是真正与人沟通，即与人在现实中沟通。故选C。
W2
（2021·四川泸州市·中考真题）
Boyan Slat has been dreaming of cleaning up the world’s oceans for a long time.
In 2010, he went on a diving (潜水) vacation in Greece and was shocked. “I saw more plastic bags than fish in the water,” he said.
From then on, Slat began to pay more attention to ocean pollution. He decided to give up higher education and set up the Ocean Cleanup, a non-government organization. Its purpose is to clean up ocean rubbish. He has set up the world’s first ocean cleanup system (系统) with his team.
Every year, over 8 million tons of plastic end up in our oceans, and it can take up to 500 years to break down. In 2018, the World Economic Forum predicted that the weight of ocean plastic would match that of all the fish in our oceans by 2050. Sea animals easily get caught in plastic. They can’t move. They can even die if they eat it. Smaller plastic pieces can also enter the food chain (链) and end up in our bodies.
Slat’s plan was to create an environmentally-friendly, large system to clear out plastic rubbish from the ocean.
After seven years of tests, on October 2nd, 2019, a machine called System 001/B came out. It successfully caught and collected a large amount of plastic rubbish floating in the ocean.
Slat and his team are working to improve System 001/B．Their dream is to clear out 90 percent of all the ocean plastic by 2040.
305．What did Boyan Slat care more about after his vacation in Greece?______
A．Diving. B．Plastic bags.
C．Ocean pollution. D．Higher education.
306．How long does it take to break down 8 million tons of plastic?______
A．More than 7 years. B．Up to 30 years.
C．Less than 40 years. D．About 500 years.
307．From the prediction of the World Economic Forum in 2018, we can learn ______.
A．little pollution ends up in the ocean B．ocean plastic pollution is serious
C．animals prefer plastic D．people like sea food
308．How did System 001/B work?______
A．It collected much plastic rubbish in the ocean.
B．It dealt with all the rubbish in the ocean.
C．It cleared out rubbish everywhere.
D．It cleared out 90% of the plastic.
309．What’s the main idea of the passage?______
A．Animals and humans. B．Plastic problems.
C．Life in the future. D．Ocean cleanup.
【答案】
305．C
306．D
307．B
308．A
309．B
【分析】
荷兰小伙Boyan Slat2010年在希腊潜水时发现了海洋中的塑料垃圾非常多，这令他对海洋污染问题更加重视。他组建了一个名为“海洋清理”的非政府组织，本文主要围绕他为清理海洋中的塑料垃圾所做的事进行叙述。
305．细节理解题。根据“From then on, Slat began to pay more attention to ocean pollution.”可知，从此，Slat开始更加关注海洋污染问题。故选C。
306．细节理解题。根据“Every year, over 8 million tons of plastic end up in our oceans, and it can take up to 500 years to break down.”可知，每年，超过800万吨的塑料最终进入我们的海洋，而分解可能需要长达500年的时间。故选D。
307．细节理解题。根据“In 2018, the World Economic Forum predicted that the weight of ocean plastic would match that of all the fish in our oceans by 2050.”可知，2018年，世界经济论坛预测，到2050年，海洋塑料的重量将与我们海洋中所有鱼类的重量相匹配，由此可知，2018年，世界经济论坛预测，海洋塑料污染严重。故选B。
308．细节理解题。根据“It successfully caught and collected a large amount of plastic rubbish floating in the ocean.”可知，它成功捕获并收集了大量漂浮在海洋中的塑料垃圾。故选A。
309．主旨大意题。根据“Slat and his team are working to improve System 001/B. Their dream is to clear out 90 percent of all the ocean plastic by 2040.”和全文内容可知，本文主要围绕海洋中的塑料垃圾问题，Boyan Slat进行了一系列的行动来改善海洋中的塑料垃圾严重问题。故选B。
X2
（2021·四川遂宁市·中考真题）
Several months ago, Chinese COVID-19 vaccines（疫苗）were put to use widely. Our government offers free vaccines to Chinese people. Here is some information you need to know.
How is the vaccine given?
It is given by injection（注射）. There are several ways to get injected. For the most common way, you are supposed to get it twice. After the first injection, you have to get the second one.
Is the vaccine bad for human bodies?
Some people are afraid that the vaccines are dangerous and may make them sick. In fact, the vaccines have been tested for a long time. They won’t cause any disease. Instead, they can protect our bodies from being hurt.
Who is suitable?
Medical researches have shown that Chinese vaccines are suitable for most people. And people aged 18 to 59 would be the first ones to get injections. Our government expects people over 60 who are in good health to get injected as well. You’d better ask doctors for advice first.
Should we still wear a face mask?
Yes. It takes a few weeks for the body to build the ability to fight the COVID-19 after injection. Sometimes the vaccines might not work well in the body. So it’s best to keep wearing face masks in public and wash your hands often.
310．______ can get the COVID-19 vaccines first in China.
A．People of all ages B．People aged 3 to 17
C．People aged 18 to 59 D．People aged 60 and above
311．The underlined word “disease” means ______ in the passage.
A．illness B．trouble C．headache D．pressure
312．From the passage, we can know that the vaccines ______.
A．will make people sick B．can protect people from being hurt
C．can only be given in two ways D．are very expensive
313．People should still wear masks after injection because ______.
A．their bodies need time to build the ability
B．the masks can make them more beautiful
C．they may catch a cold more easily
D．the masks help the vaccines to work
314．This passage mainly talks about ______.
A．physical health B．face masks C．doctors’ advice D．vaccine injection
【答案】
310．C
311．A
312．B
313．A
314．D
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文，向我们介绍注射新冠疫苗的几个相关问题。
310．细节理解题。根据“And people aged 18 to 59 would be the first ones to get injections.”可知，年龄在18到59岁之间的人将首先接受注射。故选C。
311．词义猜测题。分析“In fact, the vaccines have been tested for a long time. They won’t cause any disease. Instead, they can protect our bodies from being hurt.”可知，这些疫苗已经测试了很长时间，它们不会引起任何疾病；相反，它们可以保护我们的身体免受伤害。此处disease的意思是“疾病”，故选A。
312．细节理解题。根据“Instead, they can protect our bodies from being hurt.”可知，疫苗可以保护我们的身体免受伤害。故选B。
313．细节理解题。根据“It takes a few weeks for the body to build the ability to fight the COVID-19 after injection. Sometimes the vaccines might not work well in the body. So it’s best to keep wearing face masks in public”可知，人们在注射后仍然应该戴口罩，因为他们的身体需要时间来建立这种能力。故选A。
314．主旨大意题。分析全文内容可知，本文向我们介绍注射新冠疫苗的几个相关问题。故选D。
Y2
（2021·四川遂宁市·中考真题）
What time does your school start? Do you wish you could get up later every morning? You are not alone if your answer is “Yes.” In the US, many middle school students have the same wish.
In America, many schools start before 7:30 am. But that may change soon. A new law has been passed in California. According to the law, middle schools should not start before 8:00 a.m. The government hopes school children will have longer time in bed.
Many scientific studies show that teenagers are more active in the afternoon and in the evening. Simply telling them to go to bed earlier doesn’t work well. Most of them don’t get enough sleep because of bad sleeping habits and early school starting time. They need more sleep in the morning. Scientists suggest middle schools should start at 8:00 a.m. or later. Students can get well ready to learn and they won’t fall asleep in class. ______ The change can help improve students’ grades.
While scientists are happy with the new law, many parents disagree with it. They won’t be able to send their children to school before they go to work. They also fear that later school starting time will lead to later ending time. As a result, their children will have less time to take part in after-school activities.
It’s good news that Chinese education experts have noticed the problem and made some rules about that. So what’s your opinion? Do you expect China to pass a similar law?
315．The schools shouldn’t start ______ according to the new law in California.
A．before 7:30 a.m. B．after 7:30 a.m. C．after 8:00 a.m. D．before 8:00 a.m.
316．Why don’t most of the teenagers get enough sleep?______
A．Because their parents need them to do housework.
B．Because their sleeping habits are bad and schools start early.
C．Because they play computer games till late.
D．Because they have too much homework.
317．Which sentence do you think can be filled in the blank in Paragraph 3?______
A．They can put on weight. B．They will like their teachers.
C．They will join more clubs. D．They will pay more attention to classes.
318．What can we know from the passage?______
A．The government of New York has passed a new law.
B．All the parents disagree with the law.
C．Later school starting time may lead to fewer after-school activities.
D．Teenagers are more active in the morning.
319．From the passage, we can infer (推断) that ______.
A．students should have enough sleeping time in the writer’s opinion
B．students in California will have less sleeping time
C．Chinese experts aren’t worried about students’ sleeping time
D．China has already passed a similar law
【答案】
315．D
316．B
317．D
318．C
319．A
【分析】
美国加利福尼亚州通过了一项法规，该法规规定中学生不得早于8点开始上课，给学生更多的睡眠时间。对此，科学家和家长给出了他们的看法。
315．细节理解题。根据“A new law has been passed in California. According to the law, middle schools should not start before 8:00 a.m.”可知根据加州的新法律，学校在早上8点之前不能上课。故选D。
316．细节理解题。根据“Most of them don’t get enough sleep because of bad sleeping habits and early school starting time.”可知大多数青少年睡眠不足是因为他们的睡眠习惯不好，学校开始上课得早。故选B。
317．推理判断题。根据“Students can get well ready to learn and they won’t fall asleep in class. ... The change can help improve students’ grades.”可知开始上课时间晚能使学生为学习做好准备，在课堂上不睡觉，这讲使他们更专注于课堂，从而取得好成绩。D项符合语境。故选D。
318．细节理解题。根据“They also fear that later school starting time will lead to later ending time. As a result, their children will have less time to take part in after-school activities.”可知上学时间推迟可能会导致课外活动减少。故选C。
319．推理判断题。根据“It’s good news that Chinese education experts have noticed the problem and made some rules about that.”可知作者认为中国教育专家开始关注上课开始时间是好消息，由此推出作者认为学生应该有足够的睡眠时间。故选A。
Z2
（2021·浙江湖州市·中考真题）
The first emperor of China, Qin Shihuang, completed a huge number of projects during his rule. Between 221 and 210 B．C．, he started the building of the Great Wall. The emperor also ordered the building of a huge army of life-sized terracotta soldiers（士兵）. These, he hoped, would protect his tomb after his death.
Lost in Time
The soldiers in Xi’an’s terracotta museum are today light brown, but they weren’t always. They began as an army of red, blue, yellow, green, white, and purple. Sadly, most of the colors did not last to the present day. After being exposed（暴露）to air during digging, the coating under the paint began to fall off. The paint disappeared in less time than it takes to boil an egg, taking away with it important pieces of history.
New Technology
Now new technology is starting to show the army’s true colors. Archeologists（考古学家）have recently discovered an area with more than a hundred soldiers. Many of these still have their painted features, including black hair, pink faces, and black or brown eyes. Chinese and German researchers have developed a chemical liquid（液体）to help save the soldiers’ colors. After finding a soldier or another art piece, archeologists put the liquid on it. They then cover it in plastic.
Back to Life
Archeologists are also finding colors in the dirt around the soldiers. It’s important not to do anything with the dirt, so the colors won’t be lost. “We are treating the dirt as an art piece,” says Rong Bo, the museum’s leading archeologist. The next challenge, says Rong Bo, is to find a way to use the colors onto the army-again. Once that happens, artists can bring Emperor Qin’s army back to its full, bright colors.
320．What is the passage mainly about?______
A．The death of Emperor Qin Shihuang.
B．How the terracotta army was colored.
C．The true colors of the terracotta soldiers.
D．How the soldiers lived during Qin Dynasty.
321．What does the underlined word “they” in the passage refer to?______
A．Archeologists. B．Artists. C．Researchers. D．Soldier.
322．Which statement would Rong Bo probably agree?______
A．The soldiers should stay in their present, brown color.
B．People should try to bring back the army’s bright colors.
C．Archeologists can only guess at the soldiers’ true colors.
D．Artists should be able to paint the soldiers in colors they want.
【答案】
320．C
321．A
322．B
【分析】
兵马俑中国的第一个皇帝秦始皇在位期间曾下令建造的，它原本是有颜色的，但在挖掘过程中暴露在空气中后，油漆下面的涂层开始脱落。幸运的是有了现代技术，艺术家们有望让兵马俑重现绚丽的色彩。
320．主旨大意题。根据文意和短文第二段“The soldiers in Xi’an’s terracotta museum are today light brown, but they weren’t always. They began as an army of red, blue, yellow, green, white, and purple.”可知，文章开头引出了兵马俑，并告诉我们兵马俑本来是有颜色的，但今天我们看到的却是棕色的。文章分析了造成这种结果的原因，并介绍利用现代的新技术，兵马俑的颜色有望重新恢复。C选项“兵马俑真正的颜色”最符合文章大意，故选C。
321．细节理解题。根据语境上句话“After finding a soldier or another art piece, archeologists put the liquid on it.”提到考古学家们在发现兵马俑或其他艺术品后，把液体放在上面。这句话中“他们用塑料覆盖”They指代的就是“考古学家”，故选A。
322．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The next challenge, says Rong Bo, is to find a way to use the colors onto the army-again. Once that happens, artists can bring Emperor Qin’s army back to its full, bright colors.”可知，Rong Bo说下一个挑战是找到一种方法再次在军队中使用这些颜色，然后让秦始皇的军队重现其绚丽的色彩。B选项“人们应该试着恢复军队鲜艳的颜色”与Rong Bo观点一致。故选B。
A3
（2021·浙江湖州市·中考真题）
Why is it that the people you meet when backpacking (背包旅行) seem to be more interesting and outgoing than your friends at home? That’s my experience, anyway. Very often, you’ll meet people that are fun to travel with and worth getting to know. I’ve spent time with people of many countries and have found out some interesting things about their cultures. It’s a great way to learn more about the world.
It’s often easy to make new friends while you’re traveling, and you’ll be able to hang around with them for a few days, until one of you leaves for the next exciting place. Relationships of this kind are shorter but can be just as strong as friendships back home, because you do so much together in that short time. I often find I like to share things about myself that I’d never say to my close friends. It is safe, I think, because we probably won’t meet again, except online.
One thing that’s important when you’re backpacking is to make sure you carry only basic needs, so your backpack isn’t too heavy. I travel “light” these days. One good tip someone gave me is to take old clothes and just throw them away when you move on, instead of washing and waiting for things to dry. Many hostels (小旅社) don’t provide shampoo and shower gel. You can get mini bottles in supermarkets.
I’ve discovered that many backpackers visit little places other tourists don’t go to, and by using local shops and guest houses, they help those places with much-needed financial (经济上的) support. Most small guest houses allow you to stay for unlimited time, so you can spend as long as you like exploring the local area. Backpackers are also kinder to the environment, because they use trains and buses rather than cars. So, what are you waiting for?
(By Andy Robinson)
323．According to Andy, friendships made with other backpackers ______
A．are less serious than those with his friends at home
B．end at the moment they separate from each other
C．help him to decide where he would like to travel to
D．allow him to talk about himself in an honest way
324．Which text message would Andy send to a friend? ______
A．“Why don’t you fly out to visit me? We’ll stay in a famous hotel on the coast.”
B．“I’m leaving here tomorrow and then I will drive a car along the coast.”
C．“I’ve met some great people. Tomorrow we’re going by boat to an ancient village in the mountains together.”
D．“I’m glad I filled up my backpack — I’ve got everything I need, though it isn’t easy to carry it around!”
325．The best title for the passage can be ______.
A．Friendships on the Way B．Traveling with a Backpack
C．A Backpacking Experience D．Tips on Travel
【答案】
323．D
324．C
325．B
【分析】
文中主要介绍了背包旅行的相关内容。
323．细节理解题。根据“I often find I like to share things about myself that I’d never say to my close friends.”可知与其他背包客建立的友谊让Andy能够诚实地谈论自己。故选D。
324．推理判断题。根据“Very often, you’ll meet people that are fun to travel with and worth getting to know.”可知Andy旅行时可能会遇到能一起旅行的人；再由“I’ve discovered that many backpackers visit little places other tourists don’t go to”可知Andy可能会去其他游客很少去的小地方参观；又由“Backpackers are also kinder to the environment”可知Andy会选择对环境有益的交通工具，由此可推出他会给朋友们发送这样一封邮件“我遇到了一些很棒的人。明天我们一起乘船去山里的一个古村落。”故选C。
325．标题归纳题。通读全文内容可知文中主要介绍了背包旅行的相关内容，用“Traveling with a Backpack”做标题最合适。故选B。
【2020年】
2020年中考真题英语分项汇编

Passage 1【2020 •广东省】
Once there were many thousands of Gourma Desert (沙漠) elephants in Mali, a country in West Africa. Now, there are fewer than four hundred.
Why did the number of the elephants drop so quickly? On the one hand, the elephants’ main lake, their only water source (来源), dried up. On the other hand, the land which the elephants lived on was overused by humans.
To protect the elephants’ living environment, the Mali Elephant Project (MEP) was started in 2007. MEP met with local people and helped them make rules of using land and water. As a result, the situation became better and there was more food, forest and grassland.
However, from 2012 to 2016, poaching (偷猎) and illegal trade in the elephants increased rapidly. Eighty-three elephants were lost in 2015 alone, and another fifty-one elephant were killed in 2016. “If this situation goes on, all the Gourma elephants will be killed by 2020,” said a member of MEP.
Luckily, the voice of MEP was heard. More organizations (组织) have joined together to educate the local people that trading elephants is against the law. Elephant poaching has dropped to a very low level. The local people have learned to live peacefully with the elephants, one of the wildlife treasures in the world.
26. MEP was started to ________.
A. raise more elephants in Mali B. stop the main lake from drying up
C. discover water source for elephants D. protect the elephants’ living environment
27. What does the word “illegal” in Paragraph 4 mean in Chinese?
A. 公平的 B. 亏损的 C. 非法的 D. 合理的
28. Eighty-three elephants were lost ________.
A. in 2012 B. in 2015 C. in 2016 D. in 2020
29. We can learn from the last paragraph that ________.
A. the number of organizations has dropped B. there is much less elephant poaching now
C. the local people keep the elephants at home D. the whole world live peacefully with elephants
30. This passage is mainly about ________.
A. the rules of using land and water B. the education of the local people
C. the work of Mali Elephant Project D. the situation of Gourma Desert elephants
这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了马里大象项目(MEP)保护大象的举措和努力。
26.D【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段“To protect the elephants’ living environment, the Mali Elephant Project (MEP) was started in 2007”可知是为了保护大象的居住环境，成立了马里大象项目，故选D。
27,.C【解析】词义猜测题。根据“Eighty-three elephants were lost in 2015 alone, and another fifty-one elephant were killed in 2016”可知illegal表达的是贬义，既然是偷猎，那就是违法的，此处指的是“非法的，违法的”。故选C。
28.B【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段“Eighty-three elephants were lost in 2015 alone”可知2015年失去83头大象，故选B。
29.B【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Luckily, the voice of MEP was heard. More organizations (组织) have joined together to educate the local people that trading elephants is against the law. Elephant poaching has dropped to a very low level. The local people have learned to live peacefully with the elephants, one of the wildlife treasures in the world”可知A选项“has dropped”表述错误；B选项表述正确，大象偷猎减少了很多；C选项“keep the elephants at home”表述错误；D选项“the whole world”表述错误。故选B。
30.D【解析】主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了马里大象Gourma elephants的现状以及保护措施等等，主旨大意可概括为the situation of Gourma Desert elephants。故选D。
Passage 2【2020 •广州市】
How would you like to build a time machine? Paper, sticks, glue and string are all you need.Put them together to build a kite. A kite connects you to the past.
No one knows who flew the first kite. It was probably someone in China or perhaps Indonesia.Indonesia. Indonesian fishermen hung fishhooks on kites and sent them out to sea to catch fish. Starting 2,000years ago, Chinese farmers flew kites to welcome the New Year and bring good luck to Earth.
In China, people also used kites during wartime. One Chinese story tells how soldiers put noise makers on kites and flew them at night over the enemy camp. The enemies were frightened by the noise and ran away.
About 1,300 years ago, Chinese travelers took kites to Japan. Soon kites filled the skies there.Kites reached Thailand about 700 years ago. During floods, Thai farmers flew kites over their fields They hoped the kites would drive away the clouds and stop the rain. Over time, kites flew their way out of Asia.Today, kites are a passion all over the world. Kite fans meet at festivals in many parts of the world and have great fun.
Over the years,Kites have also helped people understand the natural world.In 1749, for example, thermometers were tied to kites to measure temperatures. In 1906, cameras hanging from kites took pictures of San Francisco, California after an earthquake. The photos helped people plan what to do.
Kites also helped inventors find out how to make airplanes. The Wright brothers studied how kites flew, which helped them make the first successful airplane.
Since the ancient Chinese first set their kites into the air,people have loved flying kites. Kites give us ways to celebrate, relax and explore. So go fly a kite! Enjoy the feeling of wonder that kite flyers have felt for centuries.
31. According to the passage, in which countries were kites used to make good wishes?
A. China and Japan. B. China and Thailand.
C. Japan and Indonesia. D. Thailand and Indonesia.
32. According to the Chinese story, the army used kites to___________.
A. make the enemies leave in fear B. celebrate victories during wartime
C. stop the enemies from sleeping well D. carry soldiers to fight against the enemies
33. The underlined word “passion”in Paragraph 4 means__________.
A. strong love B. useful machine
C. happy dream D. common treasure
34. How does the writer develop Paragraph 5?
A. By telling stories. B. By listing numbers.
C. By comparing facts. D. By giving examples.
35. What’s the purpose of this passage?
A. To show people how to fly kites.
B. To explain how kites are used in science.
C. To introduce the roles of kites in history.
D. To discuss the difference among kites worldwide.
本文介绍了风筝在过去所起的作用。自古代中国起，人们就喜欢放风筝。风筝给了我们庆祝、放松和探索的方式。
31.B【解析】推理判断题。根据“Chinese farmers flew kites to welcome the New Year and bring good luck to Earth.”和“During floods, Thai farmers flew kites over their fields They hoped the kites would drive away the clouds and stop the rain.”可知，在中国和泰国，人们用风筝来表达美好的愿望，故选B。
32.A【解析】细节理解题。根据“One Chinese story tells how soldiers put noise makers on kites and flew them at night over the enemy camp. The enemies were frightened by the noise and ran away.”可知，根据一个中国故事所说，军队使用风筝让敌人在恐惧中离开。故选A。
33.A【解析】词义猜测题。strong love强烈的爱，useful machine有用的机器，happy dream愉快的梦，common treasure共同的财富。根据“Kite fans meet at festivals in many parts of the world and have great fun.”可知，人们喜欢风筝，所以passion与A项意思相符。故选A。
34.D【解析】细节理解题。根据“In 1749, for example,”和“In 1906, cameras hanging from kites took pictures of San Francisco, ”可知，作者通过举例子来展开第5段，故选D。
35.C【解析】推理判断题。根据“Over the years,Kites have also helped people understand the natural world.”和“Kites also helped inventors find out how to make airplanes.”可知，本文主要介绍风筝在历史上起的作用，故选C。
Passage 3【2020 •广州市】
Five interesting sports
Our most unusual sports from around the world
Every country has a national sport and some popular sports are now played across the world, However, in most countries, people also play unusual sports, with strange or interesting rules. Here are our top five unusual sports from around the planet.
Man vs. Horse Marathon
This race takes place in a small town in Wales, about 200 miles from London. It’s called a marathon (马拉松),but it's actually 35.4km, not 42.2km like a usual marathon.People race against horses across the hills and mountains.It started in 1981, but a human did not win until 2004.
Camel Wrestling
In Turkey, camel（骆驼）wrestling is a very old sport. The largest camel wrestling competition takes place every year and thousands of people come. In the sport, two camels fight against each other. Sometimes the camels do not want to fight and they run through the crowds, which can be dangerous.
Dragon Boat Racing
Every year in China, thousands of people watch dragon boat races. A dragon boat is a traditional Chinese boat with a painted dragon's head on one end. There can be up to 36 people or more racing in each boat in the water. Dragon boat racing is also popular in some other Asian countries.
Caber Toss
In this sport, players compete to throw a large piece of wood called a caber as far as they can. There is no rule about the size of the caber, but it’s usually the size of a small tree. It’s an ancient Scottish sport. Visitors to the UK can check it out.
Chess Boxing
A good chess boxer needs to be both strong and smart. Players play a round of chess, followed by a round of boxing. There are eleven rounds in total. Chess boxing was invented in 1992 by an English comic book writer. The sport is more popular in England and Germany.
36. What can we learn about Man vs. Horse Marathon?
A. it is an outdoor sport. B. It first appeared 16 years ago.
C. No human has ever won the game. D. It follows the rules of a usual marathon.
37. Which of the following is mentioned about Camel Wrestling?
A. It should be stopped. B. It’s worth seeing.
C. It s unfair to the animals. D. It’s sometimes dangerous to watch.
38. Which picture best describes Caber Toss?
A. B. C. D.
39. Which sport is popular in Asia?
A. Man vs. Horse Marathon. B. Dragon Boat Racing.
C. Caber Toss. D. Chess Boxing.
40. How many sports have animals as players?
A. 1 B. 2. C. 3. D. 4.
文章大意：本文介绍了来自世界各地的五项有趣的运动：人和马的马拉松比赛、骆驼摔跤、赛龙舟、抛竿赛、国际象棋拳击。
36.A【解析】细节理解题。根据Man vs. Horse Marathon中的信息People race against horses across the hills and mountains. 人们和马比赛穿越山丘和山脉。可知人和马的马拉松比赛是一项户外运动，故答案选A。
37.D【解析】细节理解题。根据Camel Wrestling中的信息Sometimes the camels do not want to fight and they run through the crowds, which can be dangerous.有时骆驼不想打架，它们会在人群中奔跑，这是很危险的。可知有时观看骆驼摔跤是很危险的，故答案选D。
38.C【解析】细节理解题。根据Caber Toss中的信息In this sport, players compete to throw a large piece of wood called a caber as far as they can. There is no rule about the size of the caber, but it’s usually the size of a small tree.在这项运动中，选手们要比赛把一大块叫做“木棒”的木头扔到尽可能远的地方。没有关于木柱大小的规定，但通常是一棵小树的大小。结合选项，可知C选项符合题意，故答案选C。
39.B【解析】推理判断题。根据Dragon Boat Racing中的信息Every year in China, thousands of people watch dragon boat races. 在中国，每年都有成千上万的人观看龙舟比赛。中国是亚洲的一个国家，可知赛龙舟在亚洲流行，故答案选B。
40.B【解析】理解归纳题。根据Man vs. Horse Marathon中的信息People race against horses across the hills and mountains. 人们和马比赛穿越山丘和山脉。以及Camel Wrestling中的信息In the sport, two camels fight against each other. 在这项运动中，两只骆驼互相搏斗。可知有两项运动中有动物作为运动员，故答案选B。
Passage 4【2020 •广州市】
What will astronauts（宇航员）eat when a space trip takes years?
“Lots of fresh vegetables,” says Dr. Janet Williams, whose team have spent the last 10 years learning how to grow plants in a space station. And it’s a good thing that she has already started her work, because space gardening can be really hard.
As usual, astronaut George White looked into the closed plant room. He had planted Dr. Williams’s quick-growing seedlings in it, but none of the stems were showing. He opened the room to check and found the problem. The stems weren’t growing upward and the roots weren't growing downward. On Earth, gravity（重力）helps a plant’s stems and roots to find “up”and “down”. However, in the space station, there was almost no gravity.
Dr. Williams suggested a solution: give the plants more light, as plants also use sunlight to find their way. And it worked. When the plants had more light, the stems turned up and the roots went down.
Now Dr. Williams was free to worry about the next problem:Would her baby plants live to flower? Can we grow food on a space journey?
Many plants died in the space station. Dr. Williams thought she knew why: the space plants were hungry for air. Plants live by taking up CO2 from the air. Since a plant uses it up in the air around, the plant needs moving air to bring more CO2 close to its surface! On Earth, the air is always moving. Gravity pulls down cold air, and warm air rises. And with these air movements, plants get enough CO2.
Many earlier experiments with plants in space had used closed rooms.Dr. Williams tried a new greenhouse that had a fan to keep the air move. The plants loved it. They flowered and even produced more seeds. Using Dr. Williams's method, astronaut George completed the first seed-to-seed experiment in space, and moved one plant closer to a garden in space.
“And this,” says Dr.Williams, “is good news for long-term space travel.”
41. Why have Dr. Williams’s team tried to grow plants in space?
A. To produce fresh air for astronauts.
B. To help astronauts relax themselves.
C. To provide food for long space journeys.
D. To make the space garden more beautiful.
42. How did light help solve the problem mentioned in Paragraph 3?
A. It caused the gravity to change.
B. It encouraged the plants to grow faster.
C. It helped the plants to grow in the right direction.
D. It showed the astronauts where to plant vegetables.
43. Why did many plants die in the space station?
A. The light was too strong.
B. There was too much CO2.
C. There was not enough room to grow.
D. The air condition was not good enough.
44. The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 7 refers to________.
A. the moving air B. the closed room C. the space journey D. the space garden
45. What can we learn about Dr. Williams’s team from the passage?

A. They mainly live on fresh vegetables.
B. They have successfully built a space garden.
C. They invented a special fan for their greenhouse.
D. They have worked on space gardening for many years.
这是一篇说明文，文章介绍威廉博士和他的团队在太空中种植植物给太空旅行提供新鲜蔬菜的研究。
41.C【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段和第二段“What will astronauts eat when a space trip takes years? ‘Lots of fresh vegetables, ’ says Dr. Janet Williams, whose team have spent the last 10 years learning how to grow plants in a space station”可知是在太空种植植物是为了给太空旅行提供食物。故选C。
42.C【解析】推理判断题。根据“give the plants more light, as plants also use sunlight to find their way. And it worked. When the plants had more light, the stems turned up and the roots went down”可知光线帮助植物按正确的方向生长。故选C。
43.D【解析】细节理解题。根据“the space plants were hungry for air”可知因为空气不是足够好，所以很多植物在太空死去。故选D。
44.A【解析】词义猜测题。根据“keep the air move”可知此处it指的是移动的空气the moving air。故选A。
45.D【解析】推理判断题。根据“Many earlier experiments with plants in space had used closed rooms.Dr. Williams tried a new greenhouse that had a fan to keep the air move.”可知太空种植的钻研有很多年，故选D。
Passage 5【2020 •黔南州】

Our parents are important people in our life. They are our first teachers in our life. They love us and help us all the time. But do you want to get on well with them? Here are some ways to help you to be happy with your parents.
Have fun together
How much time do you spend just enjoying being with each other? Ask your parents to play with you. Go outside together, try some sports, or go to the movies.
Be Kind
Little things may bring a lot to your parents. Make a meal for them by yourself and that can make your parents happy.
Ask for help
When you are in trouble or meet some sad things, you can ask your parents for help and advice. They will be happy to listen to you and help you.
Have a try
You don’t have to be the best but you need to have a try. They will be happy to see you have the courage to achieve your dream. It lets them know they’re doing a good job in helping you grow up.
31. Why are our parents important persons for us?
A They teach us first in class. B. They love us sometimes.
C. They always give us a hand. D. They are happy all the time.
32. How many suggestions does the writer give us in the text?
A. Three. B. Four. C. Five. D. Six.
33. How do you have fun with your parents?
A. Read a book together. B. Help with housework.
C. Tell them funny things. D. Go outside together.
34. What should you do if you have a problem?
A. Listen to your teachers. B. Ask your parents for help.
C. Turn to your friends around. D. Try to be the best of yourself.
35. The best title for this ad is __________.
A. How to Love and Teach Kids B. How to Talk with Your Parents
C. How to Keep Happy with Your Parents D. How to Try to Be the Best of Yourself
本文是一篇说明文，介绍了孩子应如何与父母和睦相处的一些方法。
31.C【解析】题意：为什么我们的父母对我们来说很重要？细节理解题。根据原文They love us and help us all the time可知，他们会一直帮助我们。C选项They always give us a hand“他们总是会帮助我们”符合题意，故选C。
32.B【解析】题意：作者在文中给了我们多少条建议？细节理解题根据原文Have fun together、Be Kind、Ask for help、Have a try可知，文中给出了4条建议，故选B。
33.D【解析】题意：和父母在一起时，怎样玩得开心？细节理解题。根据原文Ask your parents to play with you. Go outside together, try some sports, or go to the movies可知，和父母在一起时，可以一起出去玩。D选项Go outside together“一起出去”符合题意，故选D。
34.B【解析】题意：如果你有问题该怎么办？细节理解题。根据原文When you are in trouble or meet some sad things, you can ask your parents for help and advice可知，如果遇到了问题，可以去找父母求助。B选项Ask your parents for help“向你的父母求助”符合题意，故选B。
35.C【解析】题意：这个广告最好的标题是________。最佳标题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了孩子应如何与父母和睦相处的一些方法。C选项How to Keep Happy with Your Parents“如何与父母愉快相处”符合题意，故选C。
Passage 6【2020 •遵义市】
①Chemistry is everywhere in our daily life. Sometimes it's easy to see. At other times, it can be very hard to see the everyday chemistry at work, but nearly everything you touch has some chemicals (化学物质) in it.
②Chemistry helps to make products for use. Something as simple as toothpaste has at least three chemicals that keep your teeth clean. Other things in your daily life are created by chemistry, such as hair products and soap. Without chemistry, we would never have known that we need soap to get the oil out of clothes.
③Chemistry also helps us understand the world around us. Thanks to chemistry, we know bleach (漂白剂) can't be mixed with vinegar (醋), because the mixture can produce harmful gas.
④Chemistry plays a big role in food preparation. Cooking food causes it to go through a chemical change. That is the reason why cooked food often tastes different from uncooked food. Too much or too little of any chemical material makes a difference to the result of baking (烘焙). For example, the cake can be too soft or too hard.
⑤Chemistry isn't something that just lives in a laboratory; it's something that you meet hundreds of times in life. Knowing how chemistry works will give you a greater understanding of the life.
31. What can the chemistry in soap help us?
A. To clean the teeth. B. To make the teeth strong.
C. To clean the oil off clothes. D. To make the clothes new.
32. From the third paragraph, we know that ________.
A. we can mix bleach with vinegar B. the mixture can produce useful gas
C. we can't mix bleach with vinegar D. chemistry can't help us make products
33. The fourth paragraph mainly tells us that ________.
A. cooked food is much better than uncooked food
B. chemistry plays a big role in food preparation
C. there are no chemical changes while we are cooking
D. the cake can't be too soft or too hard with chemistry
34. Which of the following shows the structure (结构) of the passage? (①=Paragraph 1)
A. B. C. D.
35. What's the main idea of the passage?
A. Chemistry and food. B. Chemistry around the world.
C. Chemistry and products. D. Chemistry in everyday life.
这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述化学物质无处不在；讲述化学物质的用途；知道化学的原理能够更好地理解生活。
31.C【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段“Without chemistry, we would never have known that we need soap to get the oil out of clothes.”可知肥皂里的化学物质可以帮助我们清洗衣服上的油渍。故选C。
32.C【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段“Thanks to chemistry, we know bleach (漂白剂) can't be mixed with vinegar (醋), because the mixture can produce harmful gas”可知漂白剂和醋不能混合，因为会产生有害的气体。故选C。
33.B【解析】段落大意题。根据第四段第一句“Chemistry plays a big role in food preparation”可知这一段主要讲述化学物质在食物准备上的重要作用。故选B。
34.A【解析】文章结构题。文章的第一段主要讲述化学物质无处不在。第二段到第四段讲述化学物质的用途，第五段总结化学物质是生活中常见的东西，知道化学的原理能够更好地理解生活。故选A。
35.D【解析】主旨大意题。文章主要讲述化学物质在日常生活中的用途和作用。可概括为Chemistry in everyday life。故选D。
Passage 7【2020 •海南省】


The traditional Chinese calendar divides the year into 24 solar terms. In China, the 24 solar terms were created thousands of years ago to guide agricultural（农业）production. But solar term culture is still useful today to guide people's lives through cultural activities and special foods that go with each term.
Great Heat, the 12th solar term of the year, begins this year on July 22 and ends on August 6. During Great Heat, most parts of China enter the hottest season of the year. Here is something you should know about Great Heat.
Great Heat is a season of harvesting（收割）. During this time, the sunshine, high temperatures, and heavy rainfall are good for the plants. But many natural disasters also happen. So, it's important to harvest and plant in time.
Sending the Great Heat ship is a tradition in Taizhou. The ship is full of all kinds of meat. More than 50 fishermen take turns carrying the ship as they walk through the streets. The ship will finally be pulled out of the port and burned at sea. People believe that is a symbol of good harvests and health.
Great Heat is a season with most crickets（蟋蟀）in the countryside. Cricket fighting is popular game for some people in China during this period. The custom dates back over 1,000 years ago.
People in different places enjoy different food. For example, in southern Shandong, people would like to drink mutton soup. Grass jelly is very popular in Guangdong because there is a saying “Eating grass jelly in Great Heat will make you stay young.”
41. Ancient Chinese people created 24 solar terms to ________.
A. keep a healthy life B. serve different food C. help farming
42. Great Heat lasts for ________days this year.
A. 6 B. 16 C. 22
43. In Taizhou, people send the great Heat ship________.
A. just for fun B. to get exercise C. with good wishes
44. According to the passage, ________.
A. Great Heat is an important time to harvest and plant
B. cricket fighting games are getting popular in China now
C. people in Guangdong enjoy mutton soup during Great Heat
45. Which of the following shows the structure of the passage? (P=Paragraph)
A. B. C.
本文介绍了大暑是一年中重要的一个节气，是收获和种植的重要时间。不同地方在大暑期间有不同的活动。
41.C【解析】细节理解题。根据“In China, the 24 solar terms were created thousands of years ago to guide agricultural（农业的）production.”可知，中国古人创造24节气是为了帮助农业。故选C。
42.B【解析】推理判断题。根据“Great Heat, the 12th solar term of the year, begins this year on July 22 and ends on August 6.”可知，今年大暑从7月22日开始，到8月6日结束，一共持续16天，故选B。
43.C【解析】推理判断题。根据“Sending the Great Heat ship is a tradition in Taizhou. ...People believe that is a symbol of good harvests and health.”可知，在台州，人们带着美好祝愿送走大暑船。故选C。
44.A【解析】细节理解题。根据“Great Heat is a season of harvesting（收割） ... it's important to harvest and plant in time.”可知，大暑是收获和种植的重要时间，故选A。
45.A【解析】篇章结构题。根据第1段介绍中国传统历法将一年分为24个节气。第2段介绍大暑是一年中的第12个节气以及大暑的时间。第3-6段介绍人们在大暑期间的活动。因此本文分为三部分：第1段，第2段，第3-6段。故选A。
Passage 8【2020 •吉林省】
China is famous for tea. Drinking tea is very popular in China and even around the world. It's said that a Chinese ruler called Shen Nong was the first to discover tea as a drink. A few thousand years later, Lu Yu, "the saint of tea", mentioned Shen Nong in his book Cha Jing. The book describes how tea plants were grown and used to make tea.
Nowadays, according to different processing ways, there are mainly four kinds of Chinese tea. They are green tea, black tea, Oolong tea and scented (有香味的) tea. without fermentation (发酵), green tea keeps the original color of the tea. If the green tea is fermented before baking, it will be black tea. Oolong tea is partially (部分的) fermented. And if fragrant flowers are mixed in the tea during the processing the scented tea will be made.
Tea is produced in many different areas in China. For example, Xi'an and Hangzhou are widely known for their tea. Tea plants are grown on the sides of mountains. When the leaves are ready, they are picked by hand and then are sent for processing. Later, the tea is packed and sent for many different countries and places around China.
It's believed that tea was brought to Korea and Japan during the 6th and 7th centuries. In England, tea didn't appear until around 1660. The tea trade from China to Western countries took place in the 19th century.
Tea is good for people's health and plays an important role in Chinese social life.
根据短文内容，选择正确答案。
41. Who discovered tea as a drink first according to the passage?
A. Shen Nong. B. Lu Yu. C. Hou Yi. D. Yu Gong.
42. How many kinds of Chinese tea are there according to different processing ways in general?
A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Five.
43. What does the underlined word "fragrant" mean?
A. 悦耳的 B. 难闻的 C. 难看的 D. 芳香的
44. Which is the right order to produce tea?
①Later, the tea is packed.
②When the leaves are ready they are picked by hand and then are sent for processing.
③Then it is sent for many different countries and places around China.
④Tea plants are grown on the sides of mountains.
A. ④③②① B. ④②①③ C. ④③①② D. ②④①③
45. When did the tea trade from China to Western countries take place?
A. During the 6th and 7th centuries. B. Around 1660.
C. In the 19th century. D. In the 1990s.
这是一篇说明文，文章讲述中国茶叶的发现，茶叶的种类，茶叶的制作过程以及中国和其他国家的茶叶贸易往来。
41.A【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段“Shen Nong was the first to discover tea as a drink”可知神农发现了茶。故选A。
42.C【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段“Nowadays, according to different processing ways, there are mainly four kinds of Chinese tea”可知根据处理的过程的不同主要有四种茶。故选C。
43.D【解析】词义猜测题。根据“flowers are mixed in the tea during the processing the scented tea will be made”可知fragrant表示“有香味的”。故选D。
44.B【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段“Tea plants are grown on the sides of mountains. When the leaves are ready, they are picked by hand and then are sent for processing. Later, the tea is packed and sent for many different countries and places around China”可知顺序是Tea plants are grown on the sides of mountains .茶树种植在山上。When the leaves are ready they are picked by hand and then are sent for processing. 当茶叶成熟，人们用手摘茶叶将其送去处理。Later, the tea is packed.然后茶叶被包装起来。Then it is sent for many different countries and places around China.然后送到很多不同的国家和地区。顺序为④②①③。故选B。
45.C【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“The tea trade from China to Western countries took place in the 19th century”中国和西方国家的茶叶贸易发生在19世纪。故选C。
Passage 9【2020 •江苏省淮安市】
Recently children have been told to buy traditional alarm clocks instead of mobile phones to wake them up in the morning. Schools will advise pupils to turn off mobile phones or iPads in the evening to have enough sleep.
Researchers from a charity say that using internet-connected devices(装置)in the evening can prevent children getting more rest. Moreover, they suggest that school children should invest in a real alarm clock to make sure that they get a good night's sleep and arrive at school on time.
① . The result is that 40% pupils in secondary schools can now hardly get on well without these devices. About two-thirds of pupils have a habit of taking mobile phones to bed at night.
② . The study also shows that girls are more likely to be attracted by mobile phones than boys, and often use the Internet to talk to friends by social networking websites, such as Facebook and Twitter. One girl aged 12 said, "I have been told that I am addicted(上瘾的)to the Internet, and prefer being online to being with other people."
③ . A girl of 13 told researchers, "I can't imagine if someone takes my iPad away. I walk around the house with it even though its' not turned on. I just like being with it." Another girl added, "Sometimes I can't sleep without using the mobile phone at night."
④ . The charity, which was set up to promote(推动)iPads in the classroom, has now given five suggestions to protect children from being affected by electronic(电子的)devices.
41. To get a good night's sleep, school pupils are asked to buy ________.
A. iPads B. alarm clocks C. mobile phones D. electronic devices
42. The underlined words "invest in" in Paragraph(段落)2 mean ________.
A. hand out B. hand in C. spend time on D. spend money on
43. It is better to put "A study of about 3000 pupils shows that almost half feel to be controlled by electronic devices" in ________.
A. ① B. ② C. ③ D. ④
44. From the passage, we can learn that ________.
A. most pupils turn off their mobile phones in the evening
B. using mobile phones can make children get more rest
C. one-third of pupils get used to sleeping with mobile phones
D girls are more interested in using mobile phones than boys
45. What will be talked about in the following paragraph?
A. Examples of boys. B. More information about the charity.
C. The tips given to children. D. Instructions about electronic devices
这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述慈善机构的机构发现电子设备让孩子们睡眠更少，建议孩子们为了足够的睡觉关掉手机或平板，买传统的闹钟来代替手机在早上叫醒他们。
41.B【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段“Recently children have been told to buy traditional alarm clocks instead of mobile phones to wake them up in the morning”可知学校的学生被要求买传统的闹钟。故选B。
42.D【解析】词义猜测题。根据“buy traditional alarm clocks”可知invest in表示花钱，相当于spend money on。故选D。
43.A【解析】推理判断题。“A study of about 3000 pupils shows that almost half feel to be controlled by electronic devices”大约3000的小学生的研究显示几乎一半感觉被电子设备控制。根据第三段“The result is that 40% pupils in secondary schools can now hardly get on well without these devices. About two-thirds of pupils have a habit of taking mobile phones to bed at night”40%的小学生没有这些设备几乎不能友好相处，大约三分之二的小学生晚上有用手机的习惯。可知此段讲述研究显示出的小学生使用手机的问题。故选A。
44.D【解析】细节理解题。根据“girls are more likely to be attracted by mobile phones than boys”可知女孩比男孩更有可能被手机吸引，故选D。
45.C【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“has now given five suggestions to protect children from being affected by electronic devices”机构给了五条建议保护孩子们免受电子设备的影响。可推断下一段将讲述这些建议。故选C。
Passage 10【2020 •南通市】


Do you like Physics or Chemistry? Matter (物质) is always changing, either physically or chemically. If a material goes through a physical change, it is still the same material. During a chemical change, one kind of matter changes into another completely different kind of matter. For example, when we burn wood or cook fish, materials change. People use chemistry every day in the kitchen. The food we eat has many different natural chemicals. Many of the chemicals in food are necessary parts of a healthy diet.
Much of the food we eat has been changed in some way from its original form. The changes that food undergoes may be chemical or physical. If a change does not affect the food’s chemical composition, we call it a physical change. For example, melted (溶解的) cheese has gone through a physical change. It gets softer when it is heated but it is still the same type of material. Any change that changes the chemicals in the food is a chemical change. Bread contains carbohydrates, which are chemicals made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. When bread is baked (烘焙), the carbohydrates break down into black carbon and water. The carbon gives the bread a dark color and a crunchy texture (质地). The water goes into the air.
To get a closer look at the chemistry of baking, let’s watch how a carrot cake is made. The main steps of baking any cake are mixing the ingredients (材料) and baking them together. In the course of making cakes, the dry ingredients are mixed first. They are flour, sugar, salt, baking soda, baking powder and spices. Flour gives the cake structure. Sugar helps to make it sweet. Salt strengthens the cake batter. Baking powder and baking soda make the cake rise.
Next, the carrots may be added to the cake. These help give the carrot cake its flavor, texture, and color. The other ingredients in the carrot cake are oil and eggs. The oil makes the cake tender and moist. Eggs serve two purposes—the whites help the cake to rise, while the yolks (蛋黄) give it a creamy texture. All of these ingredients form a mixture. This mixture can be separated into its different components (成分) although it is very difficult. Once the cake mixture is formed, it’s poured into a cake pan and baked in an oven. The heat from the oven has caused chemical changes to take place. The cake is finished and the ingredients cannot be separated.
38. The material doesn’t change when we _______.
A. melt ice cream B. burn paper C. bake apple pies D. cook beef
39. What’s the correct order of baking a carrot cake in the passage?
a. Carrots, oil and eggs are added. b. The dry ingredients are mixed.
c. The mixture is baked in an oven. d. Baking powder and soda make the cake rise.
e. Preparing some dry ingredients. f. The heat from the oven causes chemical changes.
g. The ingredients cannot be separated. h. The mixture is poured into a pan
A. b-a-h-f-g B. b-h-c-d-f C. e-d-c-a-g D. e-c-a-g-d
40. After reading the passage, we know that ________.
A. water and carbon can give the cake a dark color and a crunchy texture
B. people can separate the mixture of eggs and oil into different components
C. chemicals in different kinds of food that people eat are bad for their health
D. sugar and salt can’t be put into the mixture to make a cake at the same time
41. The passage mainly helps us to _______.
A. look at the steps of baking cakes closely
B. learn how to make carrot cakes at home
C. have a healthy diet with natural chemicals
D. understand physical and chemical changes
这是一篇说明文，文章通过举例来告诉读者理解物理变化和化学变化。
38.A【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段“If a material goes through a physical change, it is still the same material. During a chemical change, one kind of matter changes into another completely different kind of matter. For example, when we burn wood or cook fish, materials change”及第二段“For example, melted cheese has gone through a physical change. It gets softer when it is heated but it is still the same type of material”可知溶解的冰淇淋仍是相同的材料，没有发生变化。燃烧的纸、烹饪苹果派和烹饪牛排发生了物质的变化，故选A。
39.A【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“In the course of making cakes, the dry ingredients are mixed first”，最后一段 “Next, the carrots may be added to the cake” ，“The other ingredients in the carrot cake are oil and eggs” ，“Once the cake mixture is formed, it’s poured into a cake pan and baked in an oven” ，“The heat from the oven has caused chemical changes to take place” 及“The cake is finished and the ingredients cannot be separated”可知顺序是The dry ingredients are mixed干的材料被混合； Carrots, oil and eggs are added添加胡萝卜、油和鸡蛋；The mixture is poured into a pan 混合物倒入平底锅；The heat from the oven causes chemical changes 烤炉的热量引起化学变化； The ingredients cannot be separated材料不能被分开，正确的顺序是b-a-h-f-g，故选A。
40.B【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段“The carbon gives the bread a dark color and a crunchy texture (质地). The water goes into the air” 可知只有碳让面包颜色变深，变得松脆。A选项表述错误。 根据最后一段“This mixture can be separated into its different components” 可知B选项表述正确。 根据第一段“The food we eat has many different natural chemicals. Many of the chemicals in food are necessary parts of a healthy die” 食物中的化学物质是健康饮食里的必要部分，C选项“bad”表述错误。根据倒数第二段“In the course of making cakes, the dry ingredients are mixed first. They are flour, sugar, salt, baking soda, baking powder and spices. Flour gives the cake structure. Sugar helps to make it sweet. Salt strengthens the cake batter”盐和糖都可以被放进去，D选项表述错误。故选B。
41.D【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段“Do you like Physics or Chemistry? Matter is always changing, either physically or chemically”可知文章主要告诉读者理解物理变化和化学变化。故选D。
Passage 11【2020 •青岛市】


Wild beavers (河狸) are back! Experts say that the wild beaver families are doing well. The beavers are even boosting wildlife and the environment!
Over ten years ago, a family of beavers turned up in a part of the river Otter, in Devon. No one knew exactly where they came from. It was a big surprise, wild beavers hadn't lived in England for around 400 years!
In 2015, the government allowed the beavers to stay there as part of a trial (试验). They wanted to see if these animals could be reintroduced to the wild. The trial ends in February. Some scientists from the University of Exeter already say the beavers help the wildlife in the area. One scientist called it "an amazing story".
A lot of this is because of dams. Beavers build dams along the river. This creates deep pools in the riverbed and slows the water down. Scientists say this is perfect for many different types of plants and animals! Many plants are growing near the beavers. Different types of animals are also becoming more and more in the river. Beavers also help make flooding less, scientists say. The beavers' dams slow down the speed of the river, especially after heavy rain.
There are, however, some problems. Beavers gnaw (咬,啃)on trees and this can harm them. Their dams can also sometimes create floods (洪水) on people's land.
Beavers aren't the only animals that are being reintroduced to the wild! In 2019, red squirrels were brought back to an area of the Scottish Highlands. Further away, the world's rarest (罕见的) duck, the Madagascar pochard, is making a comeback. It was set free into the wild on the African island in 2019 and is doing well.
Who knows what other animals might be making a comeback?
26. Which of the following best explains "boosting" in paragraph 1?
A. building B. spreading C. helping D. creating
27. Why did the government want a trial first? Because they wanted to ________.
A. grow more plants along the river
B. build dams for the beavers in the wild
C. introduce the beavers to the wild
D. see if the beavers could be reintroduced to the wild
28. What are the good things about wild beavers living on the river Otter?
A. They help plants grow and make flooding less. B. They bring heavy rain and floods.
C. They gnaw on trees and harm them. D. Their dams create floods on people's land.
29. How many kinds of animals are mentioned in the news story which have been reintroduced to the wild?
A. One. B. Two. C. Three. D. Four.
30. How do you think animal lovers feel about the news?
A. Embarrassed. B. Pleased. C. Tired. D. Disappointed.
本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了几种重新引入到野外的野生动物，以野生河狸为例说明了重新被引入到野外的野生动物状况良好，并介绍了其对环境发展的促进作用和不良影响。
26.C【解析】词句猜测题。building建造；spreading传播；helping帮助；creating创造。根据第三段“the beavers help the wildlife in the area”可知，野生河狸帮助了该地区的野生动物，故野生河狸可以促进野生动物和环境的发展，故划线部分boosting意为“促进、提高”，可以用help“帮助”解释，即野生河狸帮助了野生动物和环境的发展。故选C。
27.D【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段“They wanted to see if these animals could be reintroduced to the wild”可知，政府想要先做一个试验的目的是看这些野生河狸能否被重新引入野外。故选D。
28.A【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段“Many plants are growing near the beavers…Beavers also help make flooding less”可知，野生河狸能够帮助植物生长，并减少洪水的发生，这是野生河狸带来的好处，其余的诸如引发洪水和啃咬树木，这些都是坏处。故选A。
29.C【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Beavers aren't the only animals…red squirrels were brought back…the world's rarest duck, the Madagascar pochard, is making a comeback”可知，文中一共提到了三种被重新引入到野外的动物，分别是河狸、红松鼠和马达加斯加麻鸭。故选C。
30.B【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段“It was a big surprise”及全文内容可知，对于动物爱好者来说，野生动物重新被引入到野外的消息无疑是让他们非常高兴的。故选B。
Passage 12【2020 •青岛市】
Part of Earth's beauty comes from its oceans. Ocean scientists study the chemical make-up of the ocean, weather patterns, the geography of the ocean floor, and many other areas. Their work is exciting, although sometimes dangerous. Using technology to do certain tasks helps. For example, robotic arms are used for very dangerous tasks.
One basic part of ocean study is understanding waves and how they work. Wind is the great maker of waves. The waves we know are mostly produced by winds blowing over the sea. They are directly connected with the wind speed and the time that wind lasts.

Sometimes ocean life can be seen in the wave. Living things seem to be staying within the wave, moving slowly inside it as if they were weightless. Besides the beauty of waves, scientists are interested in their technical ways. The diagram of waves shows how scientists examine waves. Waves are measured (测量) from the top (crest) to the bottom (trough). This allows scientists to find out the height of a wave. They also measure waves from crest to crest to determine (测定) the length of a wave.
During serious storms, huge waves might cut a sea ship apart. Ships are at great risk of winding up as broken pieces after being hit by the force of a huge wave. By understanding the ocean, scientists can prevent this breakup of ships by predicting when the water will be too dangerous for people and their ships. The study of waves and the ocean also allows scientists to make sure how certain beaches were formed. By studying the oceans, a great deal can be learned about the surface we live on.
31. Why are robotic arms used? Because ________.
A. certain tasks are very dangerous B. the tasks are exciting
C. the oceans are beautiful D. there are many studying areas
32. What can we learn from the second paragraph?
A. Waves can make wind. B. Most waves are produced by winds.
C. Scientists make most waves. D. Waves have nothing to do with wind.
33. What is the meaning of "the length of a wave" according to paragraph 3?
A. The beauty of huge waves.
B. The technical way to study the sea.
C. The distance from crest to crest of a wave.
D. The distance from the top to the bottom of a wave.
34. Which of the following statements are right according to the passage?
① Scientists can decide the weather patterns.
②We can't find living things in the waves.
③By studying the ocean, scientists can prevent the breakup of ships.
④The study of waves helps scientists know how certain beaches were formed.
A. ①③ B. ②④ C. ③④ D. ②③
35. Where is the passage probably from?
A. A diary entry. B. A fairy tale. C. A travel guide. D. A science magazine.
这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍科学家对于海洋和波浪的研究，并介绍了研究的作用和意义。
31.A【解析】细节理解题。根据“For example, robotic arms are used for very dangerous tasks”可知机械手臂被使用在非常危险的任务里。故选A。
32.B【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段“The waves we know are mostly produced by winds blowing over the sea. They are directly connected with the wind speed and the time that wind lasts”波浪大多数是风形成的，故选B。
33.C【解析】词义猜测题。根据第三段“They also measure waves from crest to crest to determine”可知the length of a wave指的是 “waves from crest to crest”从波峰到波峰的距离。故选C。
34.C【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段“scientists can prevent this breakup of ships by predicting when the water will be too dangerous for people and their ships. The study of waves and the ocean also allows scientists to make sure how certain beaches were formed.”通过海洋的研究，科学家能阻止轮船的破裂，研究波浪的研究能帮助科学家了解特定的海滩是如何形成的，③④表述正确。故选C。
35.D【解析】推理判断题。文章主要介绍的是科学家对于海洋和波浪的研究，可推断来自于科学杂志。故选D。
Passage 13【2020 •山东日照】
You might not think much about where your garbage goes. But now you might want to know. On July 1, Shanghai introduced a new garbage-sorting policy (垃圾分类政策). People there need to put different kinds of garbage into different bins. Other cities in China will do the same soon.
Garbage sorting is a big problem because there is too much garbage these days. It is bad for our environment. In fact, we can make use of some garbage again. But first, we need to sort it.
For example, if you put an old battery (电池) into the "harmful waste" bin, people can use it to make new batteries. But if you don't, the battery will end up somewhere else. Then, it will pollute the environment.
Garbage sorting and recycling around the world
Germany: There are big machines in supermarkets. You can put bottles in the machines and get money back.
Japan: A truck playing music comes to people's doors to pick up their garbage. There are eight or more kinds of garbage. If you sort any of them wrong, you will get a notice on your door.
Indonesia: People can take buses for free if they give plastic bottles to bus-stations. An hour-long bus ride costs three large bottles.
Four kinds of garbage in Shanghai
Recyclable garbage includes paper, books, plastic items, and glass bottles. Harmful garbage includes lamps, batteries, and other things with harmful chemicals (化学品). Wet garbage usually comes from the kitchen, such as food and vegetables. Dry garbage is anything you cannot put into the other three bins, pens and towels, for example.
31. What can we learn from Paragraph 1?
A. Many countries take Shanghai's garbage-sorting policy.
B. Many other cities in China have garbage-sorting policies.
C. Shanghai is the first city in China to make a garbage-sorting policy.
D. China is the first country in the world to make a garbage-sorting policy.
32. The writer gives the "battery" example to tell us ________.
A. how to sort our garbage B. how important sorting is
C. what harmful waste is D. how difficult sorting is
33. If you ________, you can take a free bus ride in Indonesia.
A. put bottles in a machine B. take plastic bottles to the station
C. get a notice on, the door D. put garbage into different bins
34. Which bin should "newspapers" go to?
A. B. C. D.
35. Which is the best title for the passage?
A. Sort Garbage, Save Earth B. Less Garbage, Cleaner Environment
C. Clean Shanghai, Beautiful China D. Different Countries, Different Policies
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了垃圾分类的原因，并介绍了世界部分国家和地区的垃圾分类和回收。通过垃圾分类，拯救我们的地球。
31.C【解析】推理判断题。根据On July 1, Shanghai introduced a new garbage-sorting policy. People there need to put different kinds of garbage into different bins. Other cities in China will do the same soon. 7月1日，上海出台了一项新的垃圾分类政策。那里的人们需要把不同种类的垃圾放进不同的垃圾箱。中国的其他城市很快也会这么做。由此可以推断，上海是中国第一个制定垃圾分类政策的城市，故选C。
32.【解析】推理判断题。根据For example, if you put an old battery into the "harmful waste" bin, people can use it to make new batteries. But if you don't, the battery will end up somewhere else. Then, it will pollute the environment. 例如，如果你把一个旧电池放入“有害废物”箱，人们可以用它来制造新电池。但如果你不这样做，电池就会被扔到别的地方。然后，它会污染环境。由此可知，作者举电池的例子，是为了告诉我们垃圾分类的重要性，故选B。
33.B【解析】细节理解题。根据Indonesia: People can take buses for free if they give plastic bottles to bus-stations，可知，在印度尼西亚，如果给公交车站送塑料瓶，人们可以免费乘坐公共汽车，故选B。
34.B【解析】理解判断题。根据Recyclable garbage includes paper, books, plastic items, and glass bottles. 可回收垃圾包括纸张、书籍、塑料和玻璃瓶。“newspapers报纸”属于纸张，应该放在可回收利用的垃圾箱，结合选项，可知B选项是可回收利用的垃圾箱，故选B。
35.A【解析】标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了垃圾分类的原因，并介绍了世界部分国家和地区的垃圾分类和回收。告诉人们通过垃圾分类，来拯救我们的地球。结合选项，可知A选项Sort Garbage, Save Earth“垃圾分类，拯救地球”符合题意，故选A。
Passage 14【2020 •山东日照】


Mobile phones are one of the most useful inventions of the last 50 years, but not everything that is said about them is good. Mobiles are often believed to be the cause of a number of things from poor eyesight and headaches to house fires. There's even one theory that mobile phones should be responsible for the disappearance of bees!
The theory is that the radiation (辐射) given off by mobile phones does great harm to bees' navigation systems (导航系统). Bees have built-in system a bit like GPS and this helps them find their way back to their hives. But recently, thousands of bees have failed to find their way home. It is believed they are dying far from their hives.
The problem was first noticed by beekeepers in America and is a lot more serious than it at first seems. The important thing about bees is that most of the crops in many countries of the world are pollinated by them. Without bees, the crops can't continue to grow. Many beekeepers in Europe have reported losing between 50 and 70 percent of their bees. Jim Piper, London beekeeper, said to the reporter, "My business is becoming worse. Twenty-nine of my forty hives are now empty."
Nobody knows for sure whether the theory is true or not, but it's a fact that bees are disappearing in very large numbers. And we can't manage without them. Einstein said that if all our bees disappeared, man would only live for four more years! If the mobile phone theory is correct, we need to do something about it right now—before it's too late.
41 What might be caused by mobiles according to Paragraph 1?
A. Poor listening. B. The forest fires. C. The disappearance of bees. D. Terrible toothache.
42. What does the theory in the passage say?
A. Bees have GPS inside their bodies. B. Mobiles have an influence on bees' hives.
C. The radiation makes bees unable to fly. D. The radiation makes bees lose their way home.
43. The underlined word "pollinate" probably means "________" in Chinese.
A. 授粉 B. 污染 C. 啃食 D. 催熟
44. What does Paragraph 3 mainly tell us?
A. Crops will stop growing. B. Beekeepers' business is getting worse.
C. Bees' disappearing is a serious problem. D. Beekeepers in Europe found the problem first.
45. The author wrote this passage to ________.
A. call on people to help beekeepers B. show how a bee's built-in system works
C. ask people to stop using mobiles right away D. warn people of the possible harm mobiles do to bees
本文介绍了由于手机的辐射对蜜蜂的导航系统有害，导致很多蜜蜂找不到回家的路。
41.C【解析】细节理解题。根据“There's even one theory that mobile phones should be responsible for the disappearance of bees!”可知，蜜蜂的消失可能是由手机导致的，故选C。
42.D【解析】推理判断题。根据“The theory is that the radiation (辐射) given off by mobile phones does great harm to bees' navigation systems (导航系统). ”和“ But recently, thousands of bees have failed to find their way home.”可知，这个理论说手机的辐射让蜜蜂找不到回家的路，故选D。
43.A【解析】词义猜测题。pollinate授粉，pollute污染 ，gnaw啃食，ripen催熟。根据“Without bees, the crops can't continue to grow.”可知，没有蜜蜂，庄稼无法继续生长，因此蜜蜂帮助庄稼授粉，故选A。
44.C【解析】主旨大意题。根据“The problem was first noticed by beekeepers in America and is a lot more serious than it at first seems. ”可知，第三段主要告诉我们，蜜蜂的消失是一个严重的问题，故选B。
45.D【解析】推理判断题。根据“There's even one theory that mobile phones should be responsible for the disappearance of bees!”可知，本文警告人们手机对蜜蜂可能造成的伤害，故选D。
Passage 15【2020 •威海市】
Lively music, singing and the sound of beating drums fill the room. As an orchestra（管弦乐队）plays, performers dressed in colorful costumes move across the stage（舞台）. Welcome to Chinese opera.
Chinese opera is an important element（元素）of Chinese culture. Most operas are based on stories from long ago. The amazing stage performances are often set against grand backgrounds. Beautiful paintings, hand movements and martial arts（武术）help tell these famous stories.
There are more than 300 forms of Chinese opera, including Beijing Opera, Yue Opera, Yu Opera, Ge Zai Xi and many other forms. Of all of them, Beijing Opera is the most famous. Beijing Opera combines（合并）singing, dancing and acrobatics. Instruments such as drums, bells and cymbals accompany（伴奏）the performances.

Facial design
Traditionally, performers used masks（面具）for their facial design. Today, however, performers use makeup. They paint colorful designs on their faces. These colors and designs help to create each character. For example, a brave character has a red face, while a black face means bold. A yellow and white face represents（代表）someone who is dishonest.
Costumes

Costumes give clues（线索）to the performers’ characters and roles. Audiences（观众）that are familiar with opera will get to know a story by the masks and costumes. Costumes usually have many designs and colors. The same costume can be used in different shows, however, it will represent a different character.
Promoting the arts
Many colleges and schools in China desire（渴望）to keep the art of Chinese opera alive. They provide an education system for talented students. Applicants（应试者）must pass a written test, an audition（试镜）and an interview and only the most promising students are accepted to study at these colleges and schools. Once accepted into the program, students begin a seven-to-twelve-year journey through the school. After graduation, many go on to work as professional actors on stage or in the movies.
1. Of all forms of Chinese opera, which is the most famous?
A. Beijing Opera B. Ge Zai Xi C. Yu Opera
2. The character with a yellow and white face is________.
A. brave B. dishonest C. bold
3. What does the word promising mean in the passage?
A. 诚信的 B. 热情的 C. 有前途的
4. Which of the statements is NOT TRUE according to the passage?
A. Anyone who likes Chinese opera can be accepted into the program.
B. If a person knows opera well masks and costumes will help know the story.
C. Once in the program, you have to study for 7 to 12 year at school.
5. What is the passage mainly talking about?
A. Chinese culture B. Beijing Opera C. Costumes and facial design
中国戏曲是中国文化的重要元素，而京剧是所有戏剧中最著名的，本文讲述了与京剧有关的服装、脸谱等内容。
1.A【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Of all of them, Beijing Opera is the most famous.”可知，在所有中国戏曲中，京剧是最著名的。故选A。
2.B【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段中“A yellow and white face represents someone who is dishonest.”可知，黄白相间的脸代表不诚实。故选B。
3.C【解析】词义猜测题。根据最后一段中“students are accepted to study at these colleges and schools”可知，应试者要通过笔试、试镜和面试选拔，并且最有前途的学生才会被录取到这些学校学习，所以此处划线部分单词promising的意思是“有前途的”。故选C。
4.A【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“…and only the most promising students are accepted to study at these colleges and schools.”可知，只有最有前途的学生才被接受到这些学校学习，而不是任何喜欢戏曲的人都可以被录取，所以A项错误；根据第五段中“Audiences（观众）that are familiar with opera will get to know a story by the masks and costumes.”可知，熟悉歌剧的观众将通过面具和服装了解一个故事，所以B项正确；根据最后一段中“Once accepted into the program, students begin a seven-to-twelve-year journey through the school.”可知，一旦被录取，学生们将开始7到12年的学校之旅，所以C项正确。故选A。
5.B【解析】主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知，中国戏曲是中国文化的重要元素，而京剧是所有戏剧中最著名的，文章讲述了与京剧有关的脸谱、服装等内容，所以文章主要内容与京剧有关。故选B。
Passage 16【2020 •枣庄市】
When ice is on the ocean, the polar bears are on the hunt. They are hunting seals. Polar bears need the ice. They can’t catch seals as well in the water, where there is no ice.
In summer, some of the sea ice becomes water. Now, however, the sea ice is becoming water earlier than it used to. There is not as much time for the polar bears to hunt for food. They should have enough fat in their bodies to keep them from getting hungry. Some polar bears, however, haven’t been able to get enough to eat. By the end of the summer, they are going to die.
Scientists want to learn all they can about polar bears and how they can help them. To help the bears, they have to do tests. It is difficult, however, for scientists to get close to the bears. Scientists fly in a helicopter, over the places where polar bears live. When they notice a bear, they shoot a pointed object at it. The object makes the bear go to sleep. While the bear is asleep, the scientists can do their tests. The most important test is the fat test. If the bear hasn’t eaten for two months, it won’t have enough fat to live on.
Many people are worried about the ice that is becoming water. Polar bears have to go further and work harder to find food. If the ice keeps becoming water, one day there might not be any polar bears.
11. The underlined word “hunt” in the first paragraph means: __________
A. 搜集 B. 游荡 C. 狩猎 D. 探索
12. If polar bears want to find food, what do they need?
A. Fat. B. Ice. C. A pointed object. D. Water.
13. What’s the main idea of this passage?
A. Polar bears are in great danger. B. Polar bears like hunting for seals to eat.
C. It’s difficult for scientists to test bears. D. The ways to help polar bears.
本文是一篇说明文，介绍了因气候变暖，冰川消失，北极熊生存面临的危险。
11.C【解析】题意：第1段画线单词“hunt”的意思是________。词句猜测题。根据原文When ice is on the ocean, the polar bears are on the hunt. They are hunting seals可知，北极熊在大洋冰面上捕食。故“hunt”有“捕食、狩猎”之意。故选C。
12.B【解析】题意：如果北极熊想找到食物，他们需要什么？细节理解题。根据原文Polar bears need the ice. They can’t catch seals as well in the water, where there is no ice，北极熊要捕食，就需要有冰。B选项Ice“冰”符合题意，故选B。
13.A【解析】题意：本文的中心思想是什么？主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文是一篇说明文，介绍了因气候变暖，冰川消失，北极熊生存面临的危险。A选项Polar bears are in great danger“北极熊生存处境危险”符合题意，故选A。
Passage 17【2020 •枣庄市】
Do you get lots of reading tasks as part of your homework? You might wish that you could read faster. There are some people who say that you can learn to read at super-high speeds. But experts disagree on this idea.
"Speed reading is not actually possible," said Elizabeth Schotter, a scientist at the University of South Florida, US. Schotter pointed out that people who say that they can teach others how to speed read are usually doing it to make money by selling courses and books.
In fact, speed reading has been made known to people since 1959, when US educator Evelyn Wood introduced a speed reading program. Several US presidents have even asked their officers to take sped reading courses. However, there is no real science behind sped reading.
Schotter explained that reading is a task difficult to finish. It includes four steps: seeing a word, getting back its meaning from your memory, connecting it to other words. in the same sentence, and then moving on to the next word, This process uses many parts of the brain at one time. It can't be sped up.
Some people who say they are able to speed read are simply skimming. Skimming involves reading a passage quickly and only looking for certain words or sentences. Skimmers can figure out the main idea of a passage—especially if it's a topic they're familiar with—but they will not be able to remember all the pieces of information.
So is there a way to become a faster reader? Research suggests that you should try to improve the number of your words and simply read more.
14. According to Schotter, which of the following is TRUE?
A. It's good for students to read at super-high speeds.
B. Speed reading courses are supported by real science.
C. Reading includes four steps, it`s not easy to finish
D. Speed reading courses and books are useful for us.
15. What can we know from Paragraph 5?
A. Skimmers will not forget all the pieces of information.
B. You must read the passage carefully when you are skimming it.
C. Skimming focuses on all the words or sentences of a passage.
D. By skimming skimmers may find the main idea of a passage.
16. According to this passage, how to read faster?
A. Learn more words and read more. B. Taking speed reading courses can help.
C. Read more books about sped reading. D. See the words at super-high speeds.
本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了人们是否可以快速阅读，文章给出了解释和结论。
14.C【解析】细节理解题。A选项：超高速阅读对学生有好处。根据全文内容可知，文中并没有提到超高速阅读对学生有好处，选项错误；B选项：速读课程有真正的科学支持。根据“However, there is no real science behind sped reading”可知，选项错误；C选项：阅读包括四个步骤，不容易完成。根据“Schotter explained that reading is a task difficult to finish. It includes four steps”可知，选项正确；D选项：速读课程和书籍对我们很有用。根据“Speed reading is not actually possible…make money by selling courses and books”可知，关于速读的课程和书籍是没用的，选项错误。故选C。
15.D【解析】细节理解题根据第五段“Skimmers can figure out the main idea of a passage”可知，略读可以找到文章主旨。故选D。
16.A【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Research suggests that you should try to improve the number of your words and simply read more”可知，多学习单词、多读书可以让我们更快得阅读。故选A。
Passage 18【2020 •绵阳市】
Terrible weather events are harming the planet, and experts warn of even greater results to come. The sea ice loss and the Arctic ice melting (融化) caused by climate change have increased much in the last ten years. So they have pushed down the number of polar bears and seals while polar bears depend on sea ice for hunting seals.
According to the data from the WMO, temperatures on the Antarctica (南极洲) just hit 18.3℃, which is higher than the record of 17.59℃ in March, 2015. Moreover, temperatures in this area have warmed about 3℃ over the last 50 years. Although such temperatures might be considered pleasant for a picnic or a hiking trip, this is the Antarctica we are talking about. It is home to the most inhospitable environment on the planet because it is supposed to be an extremely cold place. In fact, the average temperature of the continent’s central area is -57℃.
Besides, many places are experiencing the extreme weather this summer. Australia is undergoing its worst drought (干旱) since the 1930s, leaving bushfires burning so long and causing many deaths. Meanwhile in Europe, crops in the northwest are suffering the driest weather in the past 80 years. Recently West Texas in America has also gone through its worst drought in more than 70 years, while floods have hit Eastern and Southern China.
“Climate change is bad for us human beings, which causes direct health problems. I’m afraid there will be more common events like the one that 30,000 to 50,000 persons died in Europe in 2003 due to the heat wave there,” Professor Schwartz said. “It will also cause more air pollution, diseases and lack of clean water and so on.”
16. What doesn’t bring down the number of polar bears according to this passage?
A. Hunting. B. Climate change. C. The sea ice loss. D. The Arctic ice melting.
17. What can you get out of this passage?
A. The Antarctica is pleasant for a hiking trip.
B. Extreme weather led to wildfires burning in Europe.
C. Climate change will cause air pollution and diseases.
D. The temperatures on the Antarctica hit the highest in March, 2015.
18. What does the underlined word “inhospitable" in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A. comfortable to live B. friendly to live C. unhealthy to live D. unfit to live
19. Which place didn’t experience drought this year?
A Europe. B. Australia. C. America. D. China.
20. What is the main idea for this passage?
A. The whole planet is drier and drier. B. The Antarctica is warmer and warmer.
C. Climate change is getting worse and worse. D. The number of polar bears is smaller and smaller.
这是一篇说明文。主要讲述了气候变化对世界各地以及人类造成的危害。
16.A【解析】细节理解题。根据“The sea ice loss and the Arctic ice melting (融化) caused by climate change have increased much in the last ten years. So they have pushed down the number of polar bears and seals while polar bears depend on sea ice for hunting seals.”可知，气候变化造成海上浮冰和北极冰川融化，而北极熊是靠海冰捕食海豹的，所以造成北极熊数量减少的原因不包括捕食，故选A。
17.C【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段“It will also cause more air pollution, diseases and lack of clean water and so on.”可知，气候变化将导致更多的空气污染，疾病和水的缺乏等等，故选C。
18.D【解析】词义猜测题。comfortable to live舒适的生活；friendly to live友好的生活；unhealthy to live不健康的生活；unfit to live不适合生活。根据“ because it is supposed to be an extremely cold place”（因为它应该是一个非常寒冷的地方）可推断，inhospitable在这里的意思是：不适宜居住的，结合选项，故选D。
19.D【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段全段可知，澳大利亚、欧洲以及美国的西德克萨斯州都遭受了严重的干旱，而中国的东部和南部遭受了洪水，故选D。
20.C【解析】主旨大意题。本文主要讲的是气候变化对世界各地以及人类造成的危害，结合选项，故选C。
Passage 19【2020 •云南省】
It might be fun to use your smartphone, but be careful. Too much screen time may be harmful to your health.
First, it is bad for your eyes. A researcher called Sarah Hinkley says the problem comes from the blue light that the screen gives out. Looking at a smartphone for a long time can cause eye strain（劳损）, headaches and dry eyes. So it is a good idea to take a break every 15 minutes when you are working at a computer or using a smartphone.
Second, screen use can do harm to children’s brains. A new study shows that using screens too much can affect（影响） how children’s brains grow. If children use screens for more than one hour a day, they might have lower levels of white matter in their brains. White matter is a key to the development of language and reading skills. So it is wise to cut down the time of children using all kinds of screens.
Third, using screens too much will affect your sleep. According to a study, about 95% of the people between the ages of 13 and 64 use electronics before bed, especially the young people under 20. Doctors say that the light from those electronics at night may make you excited before you go to bed. Then it’s hard for you to get enough sleep. So you’d better turn off smartphones, TVs, and all other screens an hour before your bedtime.
To keep healthy, doctors and researchers strongly advise that you shouldn’t use screens for long hours.
36. The blue light from your screens can cause ________.
A. eyestrain B. headaches C. dry eyes D. all of the above
37. According to the passage, you can’t sleep well because you ________.
A. take a break every 15 minutes B. have lower levels of white matter
C. use screens too much before bed D. are the people from 13 to 64
38. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A. Using smartphones for long hours does harm to your eyes.
B. A lot of screen time affects children’s brain growth.
C. The light from electronics at night may make you excited.
D. People of all ages mustn’t use electronics.
39. You may read the passage in ________.
A. a science magazine B. a travel diary C. a guide book D. a novel
40. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. The ways to keep healthy. B. The harm of using screens too much.
C. The ways to use screens. D. The advantages of using screens.
这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述的是屏幕使用过多对人的三点危害。
36.D【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段“Looking at a smartphone for a long time can cause eye strain, headaches and dry eyes”可知长时间看手机会引起眼劳损、头痛和干眼症。故选D。
37.C【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段“using screens too much will affect your sleep”可知睡觉之前看屏幕太多会影响睡眠。故选C。
38.D【解析】推理判断题。根据“it is bad for your eyes”可知A选项表述正确；根据“screen use can do harm to children’s brains”可知B选项表述正确；根据“the light from those electronics at night may make you excited before you go to bed”可知C选项表述正确。根据“it is wise to cut down the time of children using all kinds of screens”可知D选项“People of all ages”表述错误。故选D。
39.A【解析】推理判断题。a science magazine一本科学杂志；a travel diary一个旅行日记；a guide book一本指南；a novel一本小说。文章主要讲述使用手机时间过长对人的危害，可知文章来自科学杂志。故选A。
40.B【解析】主旨大意题。文章主要讲述是屏幕使用过多对人的危害，可概括为The harm of using screens too much。故选B。
Passage 20【2020 •广东省深圳市】
When Chinese people talk about Chinese tea culture today, they won't miss an important person in Chinese history-Lu Yu, respected as a "Sage of Tea (茶圣)" for his achievements in the Chinese tea culture. He is best﹣known for The Classic of Tea, the first work on growing, making and drinking tea.
Lu was born in Jingling in 733 A．D．As a child, he became a student of Zou Fuzi. Thanks to his teacher's guidance, he learnt a lot. He often made tea for his teacher. He also took care of his fellow students' health using his knowledge on tea and herbs (草药).
Lu Yu often went to the countryside to gather tea leaves and herbs. On one of those trips, Lu Yu found a spring. The water was quite clear and clean. When Lu made tea with this spring water, he found the tea tasted better than usual. From then on, he realized the importance of water quality in making tea.
In 752 A．D, Lu Yu finished his studies and returned to Jingling, where he met Cui Guofu. Both men shared the same interests in tea, literature (文学) and poetry. They soon became good friends. Since then, the two spent much time travelling, drinking tea and writing poems together.
This period was important to Lu Yu as a man of literature. Cui, with his rich experience and skills in writing, became a coach of Lu. He provided necessary help with Lu's writing. It was during this time that Lu finally wrote the amazing work, The Classic of Tea.
34．What is Lu famous for?
A．Having wisdom. B．Respecting teachers.
C．Caring for friends. D．Influencing tea culture.
35．What does the underlined word "guidance" in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A．Help B．Stress C．Protection D．Control
36．Why did Lu and Cui become good friends?
A．They had the same hobbies. B．They lived in the same place.
C．They spent much time together. D．They had the same experiences.
37．Which of the following is the correct order according to the passage?
①Lu Yu wrote The Classic of Tea.
②Lu Yu became a student of Zou Fuzi.
③Lu Yu made friends with Cui Guofu.
④Lu Yu found water quality was important.
A．②③①④ B．②④③① C．④①③② D．④②③①
本文主要讲了茶圣陆羽的生平经历及其著作《茶经》。
34．D【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中“When Chinese people talk about Chinese tea culture today, they won't miss an important person in Chinese history﹣Lu Yu, respected as a "Sage of Tea " for his achievements in the Chinese tea culture.”可知陆羽之所以出名是因为他在中国茶文化方面的重大影响。故选D。
35．A【解析】词义猜测题。A帮助；B压力；C保护；D控制，根据第二段中“Thanks to his teacher's guidance, he learnt a lot.”多亏了他老师的_____，他学习了很多，结合选项推断出guidance意思为“帮助”。故选A。
36．A【解析】细节理解题。根据上文“Both men shared the same interests in tea, literature and poetry. They soon became good friends.”可知陆羽和崔国辅因为有共同的爱好而成为好朋友，故选A。
37．B【解析】推理判断题。根据上文“As a child, he became a student of Zou Fuzi.”可知陆羽在孩童时期成为邹夫子的学生，所以②排第一，排除CD；根据第三段中“From then on, he realized the importance of water quality in making tea.”可知陆羽意识到了沏茶时水质的重要性，所以④排第二，排除A，故选B。
Passage 21【2020 •广东省深圳市】
The Taojinshan Greenway (绿道) in Shenzhen has been open to citizens since July, 2019.Sitting at the west side of Shenzhen Reservoir, it is as long as 7.07 kilometers.
With plants along both sides and lakes lying at different sites, tourists can enjoy wonderful scenery all the way. If they are tired, they are free to take a rest at the 3 stops that were built for breaks. Additionally, five unused guard posts (岗享) along the old route have remained. They serve as sightseeing platforms for visitors to feel the cultural spirit behind the place.
Of all its 13 scenic spots, 8 were designed to have AI helpers. From them, visitors can gain information on parking, tour guide services and more. The smart greenway, with free Wi-Fi available, also provides environmental date, such as temperature, wind speed and air quality. What's more, it can give visitors warnings of coming extreme ( 极端的) weather and natural disasters, including rainstorms and typhoons that may hit Shenzhen.
"Started in the middle of 2015,the building process of the Taojinshan Greenway has taken good care of the wildlife and environment nearby" said Yang Shiming, an official in charge of the project.
The greenway is an example of construction projects without doing ham to the nature. It also shows the role that technology plays in building a smart greenway for more life convenience."
42．How long did it take to finish the Taojinshan Greenway?
A．About 3 years B．About 4 years. C．About 5 years D．About 6 years.
43．What does the underlined word "They" in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A．Views. B．Visitors. C．Stops. D．Guard posts.
44．What is the main idea of Paragraph 3?
A．What AI helpers do. B．Technology changes life.
C．How AI helpers work. D．Technology protects humans.
45．What can we learn from this passage?
A．It is interesting to use AI helpers.
B．It is important to build greenways.
C．It is possible to balance nature and construction.
D．It is unnecessary to worry about terrible weather.
这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述深圳市淘金山绿道自2019年7月开始对外开放,位于深圳水库西侧,全长7.07公里。两岸植物林立,湖光山色,一路风光尽收眼底。在它的13个景点中,有8个被设计成有人工辅助设施。绿道是一个不破坏自然的建筑项目的例子,它也显示了技术在建造智能绿道以增加生活便利方面所起的作用。
42．B【解析】细节理解题。根据第一句“The Taojinshan Greenway (绿道) in Shenzhen has been open to citizens since July, 2019”深圳市淘金山绿道自2019年7月开始对外开放；以及第四段“Started in the middle of 2015”淘金山绿道从2015年中期开始.可以推测出,完成淘金山绿道花了四年时间。故选B。
43．D【解析】词义猜测题。views“风景”；visitors“游客”；stops“车站”；guard posts“岗亭”。根据划线前句“Additionally, five unused guard posts along the old route have remained”另外,老路沿线还保留了5个闲置的岗亭。可以推测出,后句“他们”作为观光平台游客可以感受到这个地方背后的文化精神,是指“岗亭”guard posts。故选D。
44．A【解析】段落大意题。根据第三段首句“Of all its 13 scenic spots, 8 were designed to have AI helpers”在它的13个景点中,有8个被设计成有人工辅助设施。下文涉及到了所包含的工作。可以推测出,本段大意为“人工助手的工作” What AI helpers do。故选A。
45．C【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“The greenway is an example of construction projects without doing harm to the nature. It also shows the role that technology plays in building a smart greenway for more life convenience”绿道是一个不破坏自然的建筑项目的例子,它也显示了技术在建造智能绿道以增加生活便利方面所起的作用。结合文章内容可以推测出,我们能从这篇文章中学到:平衡自然和建筑是可能的。故选C。
Passage 22【2020 •内蒙古通辽市】
Today, the world’s diversity(多样性) of food crops is quickly decreasing. But scientists around the world are taking action. They are building seed banks. At seed banks, scientists store the seeds of many different crops.
There are now 1,400 seed banks around the world. However, some banks are in warm countries. If the electricity fails, the seeds will get too hot and die. Other seed banks are in countries troubled by war. Sometimes people damage the seed banks. If this happens, valuable seeds can be lost forever!
The organization Global Crop Diversity Trust decided they wanted to deal with this problem. So, they decided to build a global seed bank. This seed bank would contain a back-up, or extra copy, of all the world’s seeds. Smaller seed banks would still collect and keep local seeds. But they would also send copies of their seeds to the global bank.
Scientists from the Global Crop Diversity Trust chose the cold, snowy mountains of Svalbard, Norway to build the global seed bank — the Svalbard Global Seed Vault. Organizations, farmers, or local seed banks store their extra seeds there. And the people who place their seeds in the vault are the only people who can take them out. They pay to ship their seeds to Norway, but it does not cost them any money to store their seeds. The Global Crop Diversity Trust pays for this.
Cary Fowler is a scientist who heads the Global Crop Diversity Trust. He said, “If the Seed Vault simply supplies seed banks with copies of seeds that those banks lost by accident, the Seed Vault will be worth way more than it cost.”
16．Seed banks are built to ________.
A．research on seeds B．produce new seeds
C．protect crop diversity D．increase the number of seeds
17．What is the author's purpose in Paragraph 2?
A．Scientists store the seeds of many different crops at seed banks.
B．If seed banks are destroyed, valuable seeds will be lost forever.
C．Scientists want to build a global seed bank.
D．The people who place their seeds in the vault are the only people who can take them out.
18．Compared with other seed banks, the global seed bank ________.
A．was built by the government B．is more welcomed by farmers
C．is mainly used by great scientists D．can provide a good environment for seeds
19．What can we learn about the Svalbard Global Seed Vault?
A．It helps to pay the shipping cost. B．No one can take seeds out of there.
C．There are no fees to store seeds there. D．It mainly receives seeds from farmers.
20．What is Cary Fowler’s attitude towards the Seed Vault?
A．He feels it is very important. B．He is surprised at it.
C．He thinks it costs too much. D．He is uncertain about it.
文章大意：本文主要讲为了保护作物多样性，世界上建立了一千四百家种子银行，但这些银行都没有很好的保障性，因此全球农作物多样性信托组织决定建立一个全球种子银行来解决这个问题。文中具体介绍了这个全球性银行的运作及其优势。
16．C【解析】细节理解题。根据第1段中“Today, the world’s diversity of food crops is quickly decreasing. But scientists around the world are taking action. They are building seed banks. ”可知建立种子银行是为了保护作物多样性。故选C。
17．B【解析】推理判断题。第2段从第2句开始讲种子银行可能会存在的问题，温暖国家断电、国家遭遇战争、人民损害种子银行等情况都可能使贵重的种子永远消失，结合最后一句“If this happens, valuable seeds can be lost forever!”可知写第2段的目的是讲“如果种子银行被破坏，有价值的种子将永远消失。”故选B。
18．D【解析】推理判断题。根据第2段中讲到的地方种子银行的弊端，结合第4段中“Scientists from the Global Crop Diversity Trust chose the cold, snowy mountains of Svalbard, Norway to build the global seed bank — the Svalbard Global Seed Vault.”讲全球种子银行选址在挪威斯瓦尔巴特群岛寒冷的雪山，寒冷的环境更利于种子保存，由此可推出相对于其他种子银行，全球种子银行能为种子生长提供良好的环境。故选D。
19．C【解析】细节理解题。根据第4段中“They pay to ship their seeds to Norway, but it does not cost them any money to store their seeds.”可知在斯瓦尔巴特群岛全球种子银行储存种子无需付费。故选C。
20．A【解析】观点态度题。最后一段中Cary Fowler的话“If the Seed Vault simply supplies seed banks with copies of seeds that those banks lost by accident, the Seed Vault will be worth way more than it cost.”意为“如果全球种子银行只是向种子银行提供那些他们意外丢失的种子副本，那么全球种子银行的价值将远远超过其成本。”，由此可以看出Cary Fowler认为全球种子银行很重要。故选A。
Passage 23【2020 •四川攀枝花】
Tea is an important part of Chinese tradition. Tea has very close relationship to Chinese culture.
It's said that Chinese tea was discovered by King Shen Nong. People say that he lived 5,000 years ago. One summer day, while he was visiting a faraway part of his country, he felt very thirsty. When the servants were boiling the water for him to drink, the dried leaves from a near plant fell into the water. The King drank some, and found it could make him feel less tired, which made Shen Nong interested in the new drink. And so, tea was created in 2737BC．
Drinking tea has many advantages. It makes people feel less tired, clears heat inside the human body and helps people lose weight. As you add a cup of tea to your daily life, please check the following advice.
(1)Drink it hot. Tea oxides(氧化)quickly, so it is suggested that you drink it hot.
(2)Do not drink too much strong tea. It will probably be harmful to your stomach and make you feel sick if you make the tea too strong.
(3)The best time to drink tea is between meals. It may not make you have a strong wish to eat when your stomach is full.
(4)Do not drink with medicine. It may change the medical result. You can drink tea two hours after you take medicine.
(5)Green tea is the best choice for office workers. Why? Because green tea helps stop the bad result of the computer.
36．Paragraph 2 is mainly about _________.
A．when King Shen Nong lived B．why King Shen Nong drank tea
C．how Chinese tea was discovered D．where the Chinese tea was created
37．Drinking tea has a lot of advantages EXCEPT _________.
A．helping you lose weight B．letting you feel less tired
C．having a strong wish for food D．clearing heat inside your body
38．Mr. Smith is a computer teacher. He'd better drink _________.
A．green tea B．black tea C．strong tea D．coffee with milk
39．What can we learn from the passage?
A．Strong tea is good for our health. B．All office workers drink green tea.
C．If you take medicine, you can't drink tea. D．Tea is connected with Chinese culture closely.
40．The passage is mainly written to _________.
A．tell us the history of tea B．give us some information about tea
C．advise us to drink green tea D．let us know when tea was discovered
本文是一篇说明文，介绍了传说中神农是如何发现茶叶的故事，并且介绍了饮茶的好处以及一些饮茶的建议。
36．C【解析】段落主旨题。通读第二段，可知该段主要讲述了茶叶在古时候是如何被神农发现的，故选C。
37．C【解析】细节理解题。根据“It makes people feel less tired, clears heat inside the human body and helps people lose weight”，可知没有提及饮茶可以增强食欲，故选C。
38．A【解析】推理判断题。根据“Green tea is the best choice for office workers. Why? Because green tea helps stop the bad result of the computer”，可推知他最好喝绿茶，故选A。
39．D【解析】细节理解题。根据“Tea has very close relationship to Chinese culture”，可知茶与中国文化有着紧密的联系，故选D。
40．B【解析】文章主旨题。通读全文，可知文章主要介绍了中国茶文化的起源，并且介绍了饮茶的好处以及一些饮茶的建议，都是关于茶的信息，故选B。
Passage 24【2020 •四川省遂宁市】
What’s going to happen in the future? Will robots control our planet? Will computers become smarter than us? Not likely. But here are some things that scientists say are most likely to happen in 10-30 years from now, according to the BBC．
Bionic（仿生的）Eyes
They are no longer something, only in a science fiction movie. People who are blind may have a chance to see things clearly—by wearing bionic eyes.
A blind eye can no longer sense sight, but a bionic eye can use a camera to “see” the environment and send information to the mind. Now the bionic eye only allows patients to see lights and unclear shapes. A bionic eye with very clear pictures could be just in a few years away.
Digital Money
We used to pay with cash for everything we bought. Now we can use Wechat Pay or Alipay to shop, money is spent without seeing it. That means we are already using digital money. People only need to take a mobile phone wherever they go. Using these ways is much easier than searching our pockets for change. It is also safer than carrying a lot of cash.
It is reported that people in Sweden completely stopped using cash last year, and the US might be the next.
Self-driving Cars
Unlike a human driver, a self-driving car won’t be influenced by a phone call, the radio or something outside the window. Sensors（探测器）and cameras on the car would allow it to follow the rules of the road strictly and keep a safe space from other cars. This would greatly make the number of road accidents smaller. You can even take a short rest while the car drives itself. In the future, driverless cars would be widely accepted.
46．Which of the following payments is not mentioned in this passage?
A．Cash B．Wechat Pay C．Alipay D．Credit card
47．Bionic eyes send information to the________.
A．mind B．camera C．computer D．heart
48．From the report, we can learn some information about________.
A．industry and farming B．traffic and journey
C．science and technology D．culture and art
49．The passage tells us that________.
A．bionic eyes only appear in the science fiction films
B．the blind wearing bionic eyes may see clearly in the future
C．self-driving cars will be influenced by something outside
D．there will be no accidents at all if self-driving cars are used
50．We can infer（推断）that________ from the passage.
A．there would be a number of self-driving cars on the road B．robots would control the world
C．the blind could use glasses to see things around D．we would live a hard life with digital money
这是一篇说明文。主要讲的是科学家认为10—30年后最有可能发生的几件事情：盲人会有仿生眼；数字货币；无人驾驶车。
46．D【解析】细节理解题。根据“We used to pay with cash for everything we bought. Now we can use Wechat Pay or Alipay to shop, money is spent without seeing it.”可知，这里提到了现金，微信支付，支付宝支付，没有提到信用卡支付，故选D。
47．A【解析】细节理解题。根据“but a bionic eye can use a camera to “see” the environment and send information to the mind.”可知，仿生眼可以使用相机“看到”环境，并向大脑发送信息。故选A。
48．C【解析】细节理解题。综合全文的“仿生眼”“数字货币”“无人驾驶车”可知，这些都和科学技术有关，故选C。
49．B【解析】推理判断题。根据“A bionic eye with very clear pictures could be just in a few years away.”（拥有清晰图像的仿生眼可能会在几年内问世）可推断，佩戴仿生眼的盲人将来可能看得更清楚，故选B。
50．A【解析】推理判断题。根据“ In the future, driverless cars would be widely accepted.”（在未来，无人驾驶汽车将被广泛接受）可推断，路上将会有很多无人驾驶的汽车，故选A。
Passage 25【2020 •天津市】
People depend on plants. We use plants for food, cloth, shelter (住处), and even the air we breathe (呼吸).
Plants keep our air and water clean. Green plants give us oxygen (氧气). Oxygen is part of the air we breathe.
Plants are also part of the water cycle (水循环). Most of the water that a plant takes in goes back into the air.
Plants give us a lot of the food on the earth. Fruits, vegetables, and grains (谷物) come from plants. Without plants, we would not have bread, rice, carrots, apples, oranges, or bananas! Many people are growing plants to eat in their own gardens at home. Having your own garden helps the earth as well.
When you grow your own fruits and vegetables, you help cut down on pollution because big trucks don’t need to take your food to shops. You also help reduce the amount of rubbish because you don’t need to use bags for packing your food. You can just pick it out of the ground or off a plant and put it into a basket!
Trees are an important plant resource (资源). Trees provide wood to build homes and furniture. Trees are used to make lots of things around your home and at your school. And trees provide fruits that are good for you. Without trees, the earth would be a very different place.
36．________ is part of the air we breathe.
A．Sunlight B．Water C．Food D．Oxygen
37．What happens to most of the water that a plant takes in?
A．It goes back into the air. B．It stays in the plant.
C．It goes into the ground. D．It stays in the river.
38．What does the phrase “cut down on” mean in Paragraph 5?
A．Cause. B．Accept. C．Reduce. D．Expect.
39．What is the best title of the passage?
A．A Different Place B．The Uses of Plants
C．Food on the Earth D．Gardens at Home
40．You would find the passage in ________.
A．an interesting novel B．a book about animals
C．a popular play D．a book about nature
这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述植物的用处。人们离不开植物，植物提供食物、布料、住处甚至是呼吸的空气。
36．D【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段“Oxygen is part of the air we breathe”氧气是我们呼吸的空气的一部分。故选D。
37．A【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段“Most of the water that a plant takes in goes back into the air”植物吸收的大部分水又回到空气中。故选A。
38．C【解析】词义猜测题。根据“because big trucks don’t need to take your food to shops. You also help reduce the amount of rubbish because you don’t need to use bags for packing your food”卡车不需要把你的食物带去商店，因为你不需要用包装袋来放你的食物，你也帮助减少了垃圾的数量。可知此处表示“减少”， cut down on相当于reduce。故选C。
39．B【解析】标题概括题。根据第一段“People depend on plants. We use plants for food, cloth, shelter (住处), and even the air we breathe”可知文章主要讲述的是植物的用处，可概括为The Uses of Plants。故选B。
40．D【解析】推理判断题。an interesting novel有趣的小说；a book about animals关于动物的书；a popular play一个受欢迎的戏剧；a book about nature一本关于自然的书。这篇文章主要讲述的是植物的用处，可以在关于自然的书里找到。故选D。
Passage 26【2020 •泰州市】


As usual, Amber was hurrying to catch the yellow school bus. Luckily the traffic lights turned green as she was to cross the road, so she made it. When the bus passed the golden arches(拱形门) of McDonald’s, they reminded her of a hamburger. She hadn’t had breakfast that morning because the fruit salad on the blue dish didn’t look delicious at all. However, Amber remembered that she was still on a diet. So now she was really in a black mood.
You may have noticed that several colors were used in the above story so as to help describe Amber’s morning. In fact, colors influence your life more than you can ever imagine. Take language for example: You may describe a sick person as being “a bit green”. To describe a depressed(沮丧的) person, you say that the person is “feeling blue”. In short, colors do add interest to daily conversations.
Besides, colors can be used in many parts of your daily life. Have you ever thought about why many school buses and taxis are painted yellow, and stop signs red? Since yellow is the most eye-catching color, it can catch people’s attention, especially in heavy traffic. As for red, it is the color which usually shows warning, as a result, some traffic signs use this color. For the same reason, hot-water taps are usually marked red.
The colors of a dining environment possibly decide how much you eat. Most fast-food restaurants are often decorated in bright colors such as red, yellow, orange, and white for the purpose of increasing people’s appetites(胃口). This is because bright colors are natural colors found in many foods, and, therefore, able to raise people’s spirits. Blue, in comparison with bright colors, is said to lower people’s appetites because few foods are blue in nature. For those who are on a diet, blue dishes and bowls might help!
“Morning, Amber! What happened? You look a bit green,” said Violet, Amber’s best friend.
“Nothing … just feeling … blue,” said Amber.
“Hey! Come to my place tonight. Do you know what I just bought? A Wii! It’s red-hot.”
Amber was tickled pink to have the chance to play with the Wii and said, “Sounds great!”
41. According to the passage, if you are on a diet, ________ might help.
A. putting your food in a blue dish or bowl
B. turning on a yellow light during the meal
C. painting the walls of the dining table with an orange cloth
D. covering the dining table with an orange cloth
42. Most school buses are painted yellow because ________.
A. it tells other drivers to prepare to stop B. it helps bus drivers stay in a good mood
C. it can easily catch other people’s attention D. it is the color that most school
43. Which of the following statements is true?
A. Amber looked ill when Violet saw her first.
B. Amber ate up all her fruit salad in the morning.
C. Amber refused to go to Violet’s house in the end.
D. Amber didn’t catch the school bus and was late for school.
44. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?
A. Colors influence people’s daily lives.
B. Most fast-food restaurants are painted grey.
C. Different colors are used for different purposes.
D. Colors make daily conversations more interesting.
45. What can we infer(推断) from the passage?
A. Amber was not fat at all.
B. Amber cheered up at Violet’s invitation at last.
C. Violet didn’t know how colors influenced our lives.
D. Arches of McDonald’s are painted gold only to make them beautiful.
本文是一篇说明文，介绍了颜色在不同场景中对人们的影响以及在语言方面的运用。
41.A【解析】细节理解题。根据原文For those who are on a diet, blue dishes and bowls might help可知，对于正在节食的人来说，蓝色的餐具可能会有一定帮助。A选项putting your food in a blue dish or bowl“把你的食物放在一个蓝色的盘子或碗里”符合题意，故选A。
42.C【解析】细节理解题。根据原文Since yellow is the most eye-catching color, it can catch people’s attention, especially in heavy traffic可知，因为黄色是最抢眼的颜色，它能吸引人们的注意力，特别是在交通拥挤的时候。C选项it can easily catch other people’s attention“它很容易引起别人的注意”符合题意，故选C。
43.A【解析】细节理解题。根据原文She hadn’t had breakfast that morning because the fruit salad on the blue dish didn’t look delicious at all可知，安贝儿没有吃水果沙拉，B选项“安贝儿早上把水果沙拉都吃光了”说法错误，可排除。根据原文Amber was tickled pink to have the chance to play with the Wii and said, “Sounds great!”可知，安贝儿收到一起去玩游戏机的邀请很高兴，C选项“安贝儿最后拒绝去维奥莱特的家”说法错误，可排除。根据原文As usual, Amber was hurrying to catch the yellow school bus. Luckily the traffic lights turned green as she was to cross the road, so she made it可知，安贝儿赶上了校车，D选项“安贝儿没赶上校车，上学迟到了”说法错误，可排除。根据原文“Morning, Amber! What happened? You look a bit green,” said Violet, Amber’s best friend可知，维奥莱特刚见到安贝儿就觉得她脸色不太好，A选项“当维奥莱特刚见到她时，她看上去像是生病了”说法正确，故选A。
44.B【解析】推理判断题。根据原文Most fast-food restaurants are often decorated in bright colors such as red, yellow, orange, and white for the purpose of increasing people’s appetites可知，快餐店通常会采用鲜艳的颜色来增加顾客的食欲。根据常识可知，灰色不属于鲜艳的颜色，B选项Most fast-food restaurants are painted grey“大多数快餐店都涂成了灰色”在文中并未提及，故选B。
45.B【解析】推理判断题。根据原文Amber was tickled pink to have the chance to play with the Wii and said, “Sounds great!”可知，安贝儿收到一起去玩游戏机的邀请很高兴。B选项Amber cheered up at Violet’s invitation at last“安贝儿收到维奥莱特的邀请很高兴”符合题意，故选B。
Passage 27【2020 •无锡市】


NEW word in 2020
Coronavirus is this year’s Children’s Word of the Year. This is very interesting given that the 500 Words competition closed on 27 February 2020, the day before the first case was documented in the UK. This shows the influence of important events around the world on children’s creativity.
Highlights
The word coronavirus appeared for the first time in the 500 Words stories in 2020. It is not a word that has been used before.
The word has been used 459 times in the stories in 2020, with 287 of them as coronavirus, 168 as corona virus, and 4 as corona-virus.
It is amazing that many of the themes young writers explored in fiction soon became a reality with the world in lockdown.
Examples
The nurses came running over. I felt a pain in my neck, I started to gasp for air. My body started shaking I couldn’t control myself. My eyes rolled to the back of my head, a mask covered my mouth, my temperature raised and I have the coronavirus.
(The Ex, girl 13)
A few years later he finally landed on earth ... but when he landed he found out a deadly virus had struck earth, the corona virus ...
(Bob’s Trip Around the Universe boy 10)
28. This passage is most probably part of ________.
A. a language report B. a science report
C. a book review D. a film review
29. The result is based on the findings from ________.
A. a 2019 survey B. a 2020 survey
C. a 2019 competition D. a 2020 competition
30. What can we learn about the word coronavirus?
A. Most children like the word very much. B. Most children use the word very often.
C. Children first used it in stories this year. D. Children first used it in stories years ago.
本文是一篇说明文，介绍了今年儿童的年度词汇——Coronavirus。
28.A【解析】题意：这篇文章很可能是________的一部分。推理判断题。根据原文Coronavirus is this year’s Children’s Word of the Year可知，本文关注的语言方面的现象，由此可推断本文可能是一份语言报告的一部分。A选项a language report“一份语言报告”符合题意，故选A。
29.D【解析】题意：得到这个结果是基于________的发现。细节理解题。根据原文The word coronavirus appeared for the first time in the 500 Words stories in 2020可知，得到这个结果是基于一个在2020年举办的500字故事比赛的发现。D选项a 2020 competition“一个2020年的比赛”符合题意，故选D。
30.C【解析】题意：关于单词“coronavirus”我们可以知道些什么？推理判断题。根据原文The word coronavirus appeared for the first time in the 500 Words stories in 2020. It is not a word that has been used before可知，今年孩子们第一次在故事中使用它。C选项Children first used it in stories this year“今年孩子们第一次在故事中使用它”符合题意，故选C。
Passage 28【2020 •无锡市】


Last month, the artist Christo opened his new art sculpture. It is made up of 7,506 colorful barrels (桶) floating on a lake in Hyde Park in London. Christo calls it The London Mastaba. It is his first major outdoor art sculpture in Great Britain. The artwork is in the shape of a mastaba. It looks somewhat like a pyramid with a fat top. The London Mastaba is about 65 feet high, 98 feet wide and 130 feet long, and it weighs about 1.3 million pounds. The metal barrels can be seen from hundreds of feet away.
35
Everyone who looks at it will see something different. Many will think the barrels are barrels of oil in the heart of one of London’s oldest parks. They might wonder if Christo was making an announcement against pollution. Others will see a prism or giant pixels or simply a shape. However, everyone must decide for themselves, the 83-year-old artist said. Christo said he had nothing special in mind when he created The London Mastaba. “There are no messages,” Christo said. “There is something in it to discover yourself. I cannot direct you.”
“A Stairway To The Sky”
“It’s created a giant invitation, like a stairway to the sky,” Christo said. The artist was standing on the banks of the Serpentine Lake in Hyde Park where his artwork floats. Swans are swimming nearby. Some barrels are red with a white candy stripe on the sides. Others are colored blue, purple and red. Their colors will look different as the light changes, Christo said. Their reflection (倒影) in the lake will be like an abstract painting. Abstraction is an artistic style that does not always show something recognizable or realistic.
“Not Really Sure How I Feel About It”
Many people walking in the park were surprised to see the artwork. “It’s very modern, but this place is nature and historical. I don’t like it here,” said Yasmin KocOzcengel, who is a tourist from Turkey. Another person who took a look at the artwork was Anna Andronova. She called The London Mastaba very brave. If it weren’t as brave, it wouldn’t be as amazing, she said. Sheila Seffenson is an American living in London. “I’m just not really sure how I feel about it,” Steffenson said. “Maybe it’s a message about pollution. Who knows?”
34. What can we learn about the artwork?
A. It is a floating pyramid. B. It is made up of empty oil barrels.
C. It is an abstract painting. D. It is considered as different things.
35. Which of the following would be most suitable for________?
A. An Announcement Against Pollution. B. An Announcement Against Pollution?
C. A New Landmark Of The Oldest Park. D. A New Landmark Of The Oldest Park?
36. Which of the following words can best describe The London Mastaba?
A. Romantic. B. Magical. C. Realistic. D. Mysterious.
37. What can most possibly be the artist’s real purpose?
A. To add some more colours to the old park. B. To bring his art career to a new height.
C. To encourage people to discover and think. D. To remind people to care about nature.
【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了艺术家克里斯托在伦敦海德公园的湖中央展出的第一件大型户外艺术品《伦敦马斯塔巴》，以及人们对这件作品不同的认识和理解。
34.D【解析】细节理解题。根据“Everyone who looks at it will see something different.”可知，每个人都会看到不同东西，结合选项，故选D。
35.B【解析】推理判断题。空后一段讲的是不同的人对这件作品有不同的认识，根据“They might wonder if Christo was making an announcement against pollution.”可知，有些人想知道克里斯托是不是在为抵制污染发声，由此推断，空出的标题应该是围绕是否为抵制污染发声展开的讨论，结合选项，故选B。
36.D【解析】推理判断题。Romantic浪漫的；空想的；Magical有魔力的；Realistic现实的；逼真的；Mysterious神秘的；难解的。根据“Abstraction is an artistic style that does not always show something recognizable or realistic”（抽象是一种艺术风格，它并不总是表现可识别的或现实的东西）可推断，这件艺术品比较抽象，抽象的东西一般比较难理解，结合选项，故选D。
37.C【解析】推理判断题。本题主要问艺术家的真正目的可能是什么？根据“ Christo said he had nothing special in mind when he created The London Mastaba. “There are no messages,” Christo said. “There is something in it to discover yourself. I cannot direct you.””可推断，克里斯托的真正目的可能是鼓励人们自己发现和思考。故选C。
Passage 29【2020 •盐城市】
Cyleball
This sport is like football on bikes. There are two teams. Each team has usually got two players. Players in each team try to hit the ball into the goal. They can use their bikes or their heads to do this. The winning team is the team with the most goals at the end of the game.
Gilli-danda
This is an ancient sport from India. The players use two things: one long stick, called a danda and a short egg- shaped bat, called a gilli. There are two teams. One player puts the gilli on the ground inside a small circle and hits it into the air with the danda. Then the player hits the gilli gain and runs to touch a spot outside the circle to get a point.
Octopush
The sport is also called underwater hockey（曲棍球）. There are two teams. Each team has got six players. Players swim underwater to play this game. They use small sticks and a puck. The puck is a little like a ball. Players try to push the puck along the bottom of a swimming pool into the other team's goal. The winning team is the learn with the most goals at the end of the match.
31. Which is the correct order of the pictures according to the passage?

A. a→b→c B. c→b→a C. a→c→b D. c→a→b
32. Which part of a magazine may this passage be taken from?
A. Animal World B. Teenage Problems.
C. Science and Technology. D. Sports and Games.
33. What do these sports have in common?
A. They all have a short history. B. A long stick is needed for each sport.
C. Every sport team has six players. D. There’re two teams in every sport game.
这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了三种特别的运动，并介绍了运动的具体形式。
31.B【解析】推理判断题。根据“This sport is like football on bikes. There are two teams. Each team has usually got two players”可知是图片c；根据“The players use two things: one long stick, called a danda and a short egg- shaped bat, called a gilli”可知是图片b;根据“Players swim underwater to play this game. They use small sticks and a puck. The puck is a little like a ball. Players try to push the puck along the bottom of a swimming pool into the other team's goal”可知是图片a。故选B。
32.D【解析】推理判断题。animal world动物世界；teenage problems青少年的问题；science and technology科技；sports and games运动与游戏。文章主要介绍了三种运动，可推断来自sports and games。故选D。
33.D【解析】推理判断题。根据“There are two teams. Each team has usually got two players”“There are two teams. One player …”以及“There are two teams. Each team has got six players”可知三者的共同点是都有两个队参加。故选D。
Passage 30【2020 •盐城市】
All about Electric Cars
Electric vehicles(电动车辆) have been around for more than a hundred years. But they have really been liked by a large number of people over the last ten years. More than three million all-electric cars trucks and vans are now on the road worldwide.
Helping the Environment
Most cars run on gasoline(汽油). Burning gasoline and other fossil fuels(矿物燃料) produces greenhouse gases. Electric vehicles don’t burn gasoline. Instead, strong batteries run their electric engines. So, electric vehicles don’t directly produce greenhouse gases.

Poop Power!
Electric vehicles are better for the environment. But they are not perfect. Their batteries often use electricity(电) that was made by burning fossil fuels. But an electric vehicle uses less energy than a vehicle that runs on gasoline. Plus, some of the electricity comes from “greener” sources, such as solar and wind power. And some may soon come from a new source — cow poop(牛粪)! An electric car company has worked together with a large dairy farm. They plan to make electricity using a greenhouse gas from cow poop.
Always Improving
One of the problems for electric vehicles is their limited range. This is how far they can travel before their batteries need another charge(充电). But now their range is improving. Some new electric vehicles can travel almost three times as far as older ones did. Another problem is finding a place to recharge the batteries. But the number of charging stations is going up as well. China now has thousands more charging stations than it did ten years ago. In Sweden, engineers have even designed a road that will charge electric vehicles as they drive along.
37. Which of the following truly describes electric vehicles according to Paragraph 1?
A. Useless. B. Popular. C. Cheap. D. Perfect.
38. What does the picture above show?
A. Parts of an electric car. B. Ways of driving a car.
C. Wheels on an electric car. D. Batteries in an electric car.
39. How does the electric car company plan to make electricity according to Paragraph 3？
A. By burning gasoline. B. By burning fossil fuels.
C. By using a gas coming from cow poop. D. By using solar and wind power.
40. What is the last paragraph mainly about?
A. Reasons for buying new electric cars.
B. Importance of electric cars in our life.
C. Ways to produce more electric vehicles.
D. Problems and improvements of electric vehicles.
本文是一篇说明文，介绍了电动汽车的优缺点。
37.B【解析】题意：根据本文第1段，下列哪个形容词可以很好地形容电动汽车？推理判断题。根据第1段“But they have really been liked by a large number of people over the last ten years.”可知，本段提到了电动汽车很受人们欢迎。B选项Popular“受欢迎的”符合题意，故选B。
38.A【解析】题意：上面的图片向读者展示了什么？细节理解题。根据图片内容可知，该图片向读者展示了电动汽车的各部分名称，有电机，电池，电缆，充电口和冷却系统等。A选项Parts of an electric car“一辆电动汽车的各个部分”符合题意，故选A。
39.C【解析】题意：根据本文第3段，电动汽车公司计划如何发电？细节理解题。根据原文An electric car company has worked together with a large dairy farm. They plan to make electricity using a greenhouse gas from cow poop可知，该公司计划用一种来自牛粪的温室气体来发电。C选项By using a gas coming from cow poop“用一种来自牛粪的温室气体”符合题意，故选C。
40.D【解析】题意：本文最后一段主要讲的是什么？主旨大意。通读最后一段可知，说的是电动汽车的行驶里程以及充电桩问题以及相应的改进措施。D选项Problems and improvements of electric vehicles“电动汽车存在的问题及改进措施”符合题意，故选D。
Passage 31【2020 •镇江市】
Have you ever paid for educational podcasts (播客)or live videos? Ask some people and most of them will say yes. "Pay-for-knowledge" has been more and more fashionable these years. The contents of these "pay-for-knowledge" products are from language learning to gardening or baby-caring. Everything you think of can be found online at this moment. "Pay-for-knowledge" is on the rise(兴起).
Why is "pay-for-knowledge" industry developing so rapidly? First, its development is based on the Internet. With a fast network and a smartphone, anyone who has passed the identity(身份) check can be an online teacher, and anyone with an online account can buy "pay-for-knowledge" products that he or she wants at an affordable price. Second, people are afraid to miss any information. On one hand, people hope for more useful information.
On the other hand, such information is usually at the hands of experts (专家) who serve well-known companies and universities. Moreover, the need to learn new skills in today's job market also pushes people to learn on such educational podcasts.
The industry of "pay-for-knowledge" has proved to be lucrative. It promises possibilities of turning information into money. It is good for the development of our country and it can help sellers make lots of money. Besides, buyers can enjoy self-growth from it. What's more, this is a reflection(反映)of respect for knowledge and talents.
However, the rapid development of "pay-for-knowledge" has a few problems. For one thing, the market is full of eye-catching words such as "How to be an Industry's Expert in 5 Hours" and "15 Classes to Be a Master of Appreciating (欣赏) Classical Music", which sound like if you pay for it, you are sure to succeed. For another, a large number of customers buy them just for showing off. In fact, those who have really had self-growth after buying online courses may be the kind of people who need them least. In other words, with or without these courses, they can make it anyway, because they are those who have the ability to learn by themselves.
In general, the best is the one that suits you most. "Pay-for-knowledge" may be used as a good start for self-growth. Be careful! Otherwise, your dream of success may not come true.
32. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. "Pay-for-knowledge" products can help all the people succeed.
B. "Pay-for-knowledge" products can offer people different kinds of courses.
C. People who can teach themselves need "pay-for-knowledge" products most.
D. People must learn from experts who serve famous companies and universities.
33. What can we learn about "pay-for-knowledge" industry from Paragraph 2?
A. The history of its development. B. The problems of its products.
C. The advantages of its products. D. The causes of its rise.
34. The underlined phrase "be lucrative" in Paragraph 3 means "_____________".
A. produce lots of money B. get much information
C. win great respect D. enjoy self-growth
35. The main purpose of this passage is to___________.
A. recommend the "pay-for-knowledge" products to people
B. advise everyone to learn knowledge by themselves online
C. remind people to choose "pay-for-knowledge" products wisely
D. teach parents how to buy some online courses for their children
这是一篇说明文，文章介绍“为知识付钱”产业兴起的原因及产生的问题，提醒读者要理智地选择产品。
32.B【解析】推理判断题。根据“The contents of these "pay-for-knowledge" products are from language learning to gardening or baby-caring. Everything you think of can be found online at this moment.”可知B选项表述正确。A选项“all the people”表述太绝对。根据“with or without these courses, they can make it anyway, because they are those who have the ability to learn by themselves”可知C选项表述错误。“such information is usually at the hands of experts who serve well-known companies and universities. Moreover, the need to learn new skills in today's job market also pushes people to learn on such educational podcasts”可知D选项“must”表述太绝对。故选B。
33.D【解析】段落大题题。根据第二段“Why is ‘pay-for-knowledge’ industry developing so rapidly? First,…Second,…”可知这一段主要讲述为知识付钱产业兴起的原因。故选D。
34.A【解析】词义猜测题。根据“It promises possibilities of turning information into money”可知此处表示“获利的，赚钱的”， be lucrative相当于produce lots of money。故选A。
35.C【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“In general, the best is the one that suits you most. ‘Pay-for-knowledge’ may be used as a good start for self-growth. Be careful”文章的主要目的是为了提醒人们要理智地选择适合自己的产品。故选C。
Passage 32【2020 •江西省】


Some people ski (滑雪) down mountains. Others climb huge rocks or photograph dangerous animals. Why do people enjoy risky activities like these?
Some people take risks simply because it makes them feel good. Psychologist (心理学家) Marvin says that this kind of explorers (探险者) are always looking for change and excitement. When people do something new or risky, a chemical (化学物质) in the brain creates a pleasant feeling. They love this feeling and want to experience it as often as possible.
Other people don't take risks for the feeling of excitement but to achieve a goal. For example, Mike Fay went on a dangerous 2,000—mile special journey in central Africa. He worked to help save the wildlife there. Fay’s expeditions helped create 13 national parks.
For other people, such as extreme athletes (极限运动员), taking risks is part of their job. Sports psychologist Shane says extreme athletes see the world differently. In a dangerous activity, most people probably do not feel in control. Extreme athletes are different: they feel in control in dangerous situations. The danger can even help them. For example, skier Daron Rahlves says that being afraid makes him try harder to succeed.
Most of us are not extreme athletes or explorers. However, we still take risks in our lives. Some of us take social risks, such as speaking in front of a large group of people. Sometimes, we take financial risks, such as buying a house. And sometimes we take career risks, such as leaving a job or starting a business. Most people take risks in some areas of life, but not in others. What kind of risk—taker are you?
41 What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A. The brain. B. Something new.
C. A chemical. D. A pleasant feeling.
42. What does the underlined word “expedition” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A. Much money. B. A journey with a special goal.
C. A great idea. D. A plan for a dangerous journey.
43. How many kinds of extreme athletes or explorers are mentioned in the passage?
A. Three. B. Four. C. Five. D. Six.
44. Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A. Mike Fay is a professional risk—taker.
B. Most people don’t take risks in their daily life.
C. Extreme athletes deal with danger better than others.
D. Daron Rahlves takes risks mainly for change and excitement.
本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了人们参加冒险活动的原因，如冒险带来的刺激、需要完成的目标、工作的需要以及人们在生活工作中需要的冒险等。
41.D【解析】推理判断题。根据上文“When people do something new or risky, a chemical in the brain creates a pleasant feeling. They love this feeling and want to experience it as often as possible”可知，当人们做一些新的或有风险的事情时，大脑中的一种化学物质会产生一种愉快的感觉。他们喜欢这种感觉，并希望尽可能多地体验这种感觉。故划线部分it指代的是“愉快的感觉”。故选D。
42.B【解析】词句猜测题。根据上文“Other people don't take risks for the feeling of excitement but to achieve a goal…He worked to help save the wildlife there”可知，一些人不会因为兴奋而冒险，而是为了达到一个目标而进行冒险活动，费伊的探险队就是这样的组织，他们的目标是保护野生动物，故划线部分expedition意味着“有着特殊目标的旅程”。故选B。
43.A【解析】细节理解题。根据“Some people take risks simply because it makes them feel good…Other people don't take risks for the feeling of excitement but to achieve a goal…For other people, such as extreme athletes (极限运动员), taking risks is part of their job”可知，文中一共提到了三种极限运动员，分别是因为冒险带来的感受、完成特定的目标、工作需要。故选A。
44.C 【解析】细节理解题。A选项：迈克·费伊是个专业的冒险者。根据“Other people don't take risks for the feeling of excitement but to achieve a goal”可知，迈克·费伊是为了特定的目标而冒险的，选项错误；B选项：大多数人在日常生活中不会冒险。根据“However, we still take risks in our lives”可知，选项错误；C选项：极限运动员比其他运动员更好地应对极端危险。根据“In a dangerous activity, most people probably do not feel in control. Extreme athletes are different: they feel in control in dangerous situations”可知，极限运动员比普通运动员能更好地处理危险，选项正确；D选项：Daron Rahlves主要是为了改变和兴奋而冒险。根据“For other people, such as extreme athletes (极限运动员), taking risks is part of their job”可知，他是因为工作需要而冒险，选项错误。故选C。
Passage 33【2020 •江西省】
How do you feel about nature? After spending hours indoors, do you feel better when you visit your local park? Most people think that nature is good for our bodies and brains. However, humans are spending more time inside and less time outside. For example, the number of visitors to Canada’s national parks is getting lower every year. And in countries such as the USA, only 10% of teenagers spend time outside every day. Many doctors feel that this is a problem in the twenty—first century.
As a result, some doctors are studying the connection between nature and health: one example of this is the work of Dr Matilda in Sweden. The doctor gave people a maths test. During the test, their heart rates (心率) were fast. After the test, one group of people sat in a 3D—virtual—reality (虚拟现实) room for fifteen minutes with pictures and sounds of nature. Their heart rates were slower than people's in the other group.
The virtual touch with nature helped them feel more relaxed. Another good example of how nature is good for health comes from Canada. In Toronto, researchers studied 31,000 people living in the city. In general, they found that healthier people lived near parks.
Because of studies like these, some countries and cities want nature to be part of people’s everyday life. In Dubai (迪拜), for example, there are plans for a new shopping mall with a large garden so shoppers can relax outside with trees, plants and water. In Switzerland, “forest schools” are popular. Schoolchildren study their subjects in the forests and do lots of exercise outside. And South Korea (韩国) is another good example: it has new forests near its cities and around 13 million people visit these forests every year. So after building cities for so long, perhaps it’s now time to start rebuilding nature.
45. What does Paragraph 1 mainly talk about?
A. Teenagers’ problem in the 21st century. B. How much time we spend outdoors.
C. Visiting your local park. D. Feeling about nature.
46. Match the countries or cities with the information and choose the right answer.
①the USA a. Children study in the forests and do lots of activities outside.
②Dubai b. About 13 million people visit new forests near its cities every year.
③Switzerland c. A new shopping mall with a large garden will be built.
④South Korea d. 10% of teenagers spend time outside every day.
A. ①—a ②—d ③—b ④—c B. ①—d ②—c ③—a ④—b
C. ①—a ②—c ③—d ④—b D. ①—d ②—c ③—b ④—a
47. What do the results of the studies show?
A. More and more Canadians will live near parks.
B. The maths test is difficult and makes people nervous.
C. Nature can help people feel more relaxed and be healthier.
D. People's heart rates get slower in a 3D—virtual—reality room.
48. What can we infer from the last sentence of the passage?
A. Nature is more important than cities. B. Country life is healthier than city life.
C. People have lived in the cities for so long. D. Nature should be part of people’s daily life.
本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了大自然对人类的身体健康有益，一些国家和城市正在积极地采取措施，让大自然成为我们生活的一部分。
45.B【解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段“However, humans are spending more time inside and less time outside…Many doctors feel that this is a problem in the twenty—first century”可知，本段主要以加拿大、美国等国家人们的户外活动时间情况为例，介绍了如今人们的户外活动时间正在逐渐减少。故选B。
46.B【解析】细节理解题。根据“And in countries such as the USA, only 10% of teenagers spend time outside every day”可知，美国只有10%的青少年每天都在户外活动，故①—d；根据“In Dubai(迪拜), for example, there are plans for a new shopping mall with a large garden…”可知，迪拜的一座带有大花园的新的购物中心即将建成，故②—c；根据“In Switzerland, “forest schools” are popular. Schoolchildren study their subjects in the forests and do lots of exercise outside”可知，在瑞士，“森林学校”很受欢迎。小学生们在森林里学习他们的科目，在外面做大量的运动，故③—a；根据“And South Korea (韩国) is another good example: it has new forests near its cities and around 13 million people visit these forests every year”可知，在韩国，每年大约有1300万人参观城市附近的森林，故④—b。故选B。
47.C【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段“The virtual touch with nature helped them feel more relaxed. Another good example of how nature is good for health comes from Canada”可知，实验结果显示，自然能够帮助人们放松，并且让人们更健康。故选C。
48.D【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“some countries and cities want nature to be part of people’s everyday life…So after building cities for so long, perhaps it’s now time to start rebuilding nature”可知，在建设了这么长时间的城市之后，也许现在是时候开始重建自然了，这句话意味着“我们应该重建自然，让自然成为我们生活的一部分”。故选D。
Passage 34【2020 •丹东市】
Most people think sleepwalkers (梦游者) walking around at night. But in fact, not all sleepwalkers walk. Some only sit up or get out of bed or act like how they often do during the day when they are sleeping! But most sleep walkers do get up and go around for a few seconds or half an hour.
Sleepwalkers' eyes are open, but they don't see the same way as they do during the day, and they often think they are in different rooms of the house or different places. Sleepwalkers usually go back to bed themselves and they don't remember it in the morning.
Scientists say that sleepwalking may sometimes happen when a person is sick, has a fever, is not getting enough sleep, or he has much stress.
There's no medicine for sleepwalking, but here are some ideas from doctors to help sleepwalkers:
·Relax at bedtime by listening to quiet music.
·Go to bed at the same time every day.
·Keep everything quiet when you are trying to sleep.
·Don't drink a lot in the evening and be sure you go to the washroom before going to bed.
Remember: don't shout to sleepwalkers when they're sleeping, or they can get confused (迷惑的) and scared.
41. When sleepwalkers are sleeping, ________.
A. all of them only sit up B. all of them get out of bed
C. most of them walk the whole night D. some of them act like how they do during the day
42. When sleepwalkers go around at night, they can't ________.
A. see B. remember C. walk D. think
43. The third paragraph (自然段) mainly tells us ________ at night.
A. what sleepwalkers do B. how sleepwalkers act
C. why sleepwalking happens D. where sleepwalkers go
44. Sleepwalkers should ________.
A. take the medicine on time B. follow the doctors' instructions
C. try to sleep early D. keep calm all the times
45. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A. People who sleepwalk are easily scared during the day.
B. Sleepwalkers can't find the way to their beds.
C. Sleepwalkers should drink much before sleeping.
D. Sleepwalkers should listen to quiet music at bedtime.
这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍梦游者的特点、产生的原因以及医生的建议。
41.D【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段“not all sleepwalkers walk. Some only sit up or get out of bed or act like how they often do during the day when they are sleeping! But most sleep walkers do get up and go around for a few seconds or half an hour”可知一些人坐起来或者下床或者像白天经常做的那样行动，故选D。
42.B【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段“they don't see the same way as they do during the day, and they often think they are in different rooms of the house or different places. Sleepwalkers usually go back to bed themselves and they don't remember it in the morning”当梦游者晚上四处走动，他们早上记不得晚上发生的这些事情。故选B。
43.C【解析】段落大意题。根据“Scientists say that sleepwalking may sometimes happen when a person is sick, has a fever, is not getting enough sleep, or he has much stress.”可知第三段主要讲的是梦游发生的原因，有生病，发烧，睡眠不足和压力过大。故选C。
44.B【解析】细节理解题。根据“There's no medicine for sleepwalking” “Go to bed at the same time every day”“ here are some ideas from doctors to help sleepwalkers”“ Remember: don't shout to sleepwalkers when they're sleeping”可知梦游者没有特定的药品，每天要在相同的时间睡觉，当梦游者睡觉时别人不能向他们大叫，医生的一些建议对梦游者是有帮助的。故选B。
45.D【解析】推理判断题。根据“Remember: don't shout to sleepwalkers when they're sleeping, or they can get confused and scared. ”可知A选项“ during the day”表述错误。根据“Sleepwalkers usually go back to bed themselves”可知B选项“can't find the way to their beds”表述错误。根据“Don't drink a lot in the evening”可知C选项“should drink much”表述错误。根据“Relax at bedtime by listening to quiet music”可知D选项表述正确。故选D。
Passage 35【2020 •沈阳市】
Lots of students are interested in wild animals such as elephants, tigers, snakes, zebras, giraffes and so on. Here's some information about zebras and giraffes.

Zebras live in some parts of Africa. They live in groups. That's why we often see zebras walking and running in groups. Zebras look a lot like horses. In fact, horses are their nearest relatives. Zebras are famous for their black and white stripes (条纹). Each zebra's pattern (图案) of stripes is different. The patterns look similar, but they are unique like humans' fingerprints (指纹). No two have the same pattern. How do zebras protect themselves from their enemies? They can stay alive because they run fast to avoid lions and other enemies.

Giraffes live in parts of Africa, too. They are brown and yellow. Their patterns are different. Giraffes are the tallest animals of all. They are one of the world's heaviest animals, and their hearts are the biggest of any animals. They have long legs and long necks. Their necks are long, so they can reach high into trees to cat the leaves, which give giraffes most of the water they need. Giraffe's long legs mean they take big steps when they walk or run. They can run very fast, so they can protect themselves from dangerous animals such as lions.
30. The Chinese meaning of the underlined word "unique" is ________.
A. 独一无二的 B. 完全相同的 C. 常见的 D. 相似的
31. What can we infer (推断) from Paragraph (段落) Two?
A. Zebras are all from Asia. B. Lions may catch the slow zebras.
C. Zebras are black or white. D. Lions always live by themselves.
32. According to the text, giraffes can protect themselves because they have ________.
A. long legs B. big hearts C. heavy bodies D. strong necks
33. Which of the following is the same enemy for zebras and giraffes in the text?
A. Snakes B. Elephants. C. Tigers D. Lions
这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍斑马和长颈鹿的外貌和习性以及如何保护自己。
30.A【解析】词义猜测题。根据第二段“ like humans' fingerprints (指纹). No two have the same pattern”可知unique的意思是“独一无二的”。故选A。
31.B【解析】推理判断题。根据“Zebras live in some parts of Africa. They live in groups”可知斑马在非洲的一些地方，它们群居，A选项和D选项表述错误。根据“ Zebras are famous for their black and white stripes”斑马有黑白的条纹，C选项“black or white”表述错误。根据“they run fast to avoid lions”斑马跑得快才能避免被狮子逮住，可推知狮子可能会捉到跑得慢的斑马。故选B。
32.A【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Giraffe's long legs mean they take big steps when they walk or run. They can run very fast, so they can protect themselves from dangerous animals”长颈鹿的长腿可以让它们跑得快，可以保护自己。故选A。
33.D【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段“They can stay alive because they run fast to avoid lions and other enemies.”及第三段“they can protect themselves from dangerous animals such as lions. ”可知斑马和长颈鹿共同的敌人是狮子。故选D。
Passage 36【2020 •沈阳市】
Starting high school can be difficult. Everyone is nervous and nobody knows where to go for classes. Thinking about making new friends might make you feel nervous, too. But don't worry, because you are not alone. You are going to school with a group of students of your age, and we have several suggestions for you to follow.
Forget your fear and just talk to some
Don't be afraid to get close to strangers. Introduce yourself and start a conversation about something you have in common. Sit in the middle of the classroom with many new friends around you as possible.
Join clubs
Take part in after-school activities that interest you. Try to make friends in clubs. If you join anything, you will be just going to classes and then going home. Being in a club makes you more social.
Stay clean
No one likes a bad smell that could knock somebody over. Shower every day, brush your and wash your hair. You should make yourself look clean and tidy, whatever you wear.
Be respectful of peopled differences
Everyone has his or her own opinion (观点) of the world. And everyone believes different things. It's a good thing to have different friends with different opinions because you can each share your own.
34. The following things can help you get used to high school EXCEPT ________.
A. playing with students of your age B. staying in the classroom on your own
C. starting a conversation with others D. forgetting your fear and talking to some
35. You can make friends with others by ________.
A. sitting at the back of the classroom B. just going to classes and then going home
C. wearing the most beautiful clothes D. taking part in after-school activities in clubs
36. What's the writer's attitude (看法) about people's differences?
A. Respect each other. B. Only believe yourself.
C. Sharing isn't needed. D. Don't have different opinions.
37. Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A. The ways to start a club B. Face your fear bravely
C. How to start high school D. Keep clean and tidy
这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述适应高中生活的四点建议。
34.B【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段“Forget your fear and just talk to some. Introduce yourself and start a conversation about something you have in common. Sit in the middle of the classroom with many new friends”忘掉恐惧，主动和别人聊天，聊一些共同的话题，和新朋友待在一起，可知B选项自己独自一人待在教室不符合。故选B。
35.D【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段“Take part in after-school activities that interest you. Try to make friends in clubs. If you join anything, you will be just going to classes and then going home. Being in a club makes you more social. ”参加放学后的活动，可以在俱乐部里交朋友。故选D。
36.A【解析】细节理解题。根据“Be respectful of peopled differences”可知对于人们的不同点要尊重。故选A。
37.C【解析】标题概括题。根据第一段“we have several suggestions for you to follow”及后面的小标题可知文章主要介绍适应高中生活的四点建议。标题可概括为How to start high school。故选C。
Passage 37【2020 •铁岭葫芦岛】

If you live in Shanghai, you might have taken a "lesson" on garbage sorting(垃圾分类), Shanghai is the first city to carry out(实施)strict rules on garbage sorting. People in Shanghai know that garbage is sorted into four categories(类别)—recyclable, harmful, dry and wet waste. If people fail to sort their garbage properly, they can be fined up to 200 yuan, while companies will have to pay between 1,000 to 50,000 yuan for breaking the rules. Since the rules took effect, the amount of total daily waste in Shanghai has been reduced. The city also rebuilt 21,000 waste-sorting stations and more than 40,000 waste bins have been updated.
However, there have also been some problems. Some people complained that it is difficult to deal with wet garbage, as they are asked to remove wet garbage from its bag when dumping. According to the sorting rules, the wet garbage must go in the wet waste bin and the bag must go in the dry waste bin. Because the wet garbage will decompose(分解)properly ad become useful organic(有机的)waste.
By the end of 2020, garbage-sorting systems will be set up in 46 cities in our country. Everyone should take an active part in garbage sorting.
41. ________ is the first city to carry out strict rules on garbage sorting.
A. Beijing B. Shanghai C. Shenzhen D. Chongqing
42. Garbage sorting includes four categories—recyclable, ________, dry and wet waste.
A. harmful B. useful C. helpful D. colorful
43. The underlined word "fined" means "________"in Chinese.
A. 责备 B. 奖励 C. 罚款 D. 提高
44. _______, garbage-sorting systems will be set up in 46 cities around the country.
A. In 2021 B. By the end of 2020 C. Since 2020 D. At the beginning of 2020
45. According to the passage, we can learn that garbage sorting is ________.
A. awful B. relaxing C. painful D. necessary
本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了以上海为首的城市正在积极地实行垃圾分类政策，我们每个人都应参与到垃圾分类中来。
41.B【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段“Shanghai is the first city to carry out(实施)strict rules on garbage sorting”可知，上海是第一个严格实施垃圾分类政策的城市。故选B。
42.A【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段“People in Shanghai know that garbage is sorted into four categories(类别)—recyclable, harmful, dry and wet waste”可知，垃圾分类包括：可回收物、有害垃圾、干垃圾和湿垃圾。故选A。
43.C【解析】词句猜测题。根据第一段“If people fail to sort their garbage properly, they can be fined up to 200yuan”可知，如果垃圾分类不当，最高可处罚款200元，故划线部分fined意为“罚款”。故选C。
44.B【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段“By the end of 2020, garbage-sorting systems will be set up in 46 cities in our country”可知，到2020年底，我国46个城市将建成垃圾分类系统。故选B。
45.D【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段“Since the rules took effect, the amount of total daily waste in Shanghai has been reduced”及最后一段“Everyone should take an active part in garbage sorting”可知，上海自从实行垃圾分类政策，垃圾总量明显减少，我们每个人都应该积极实行垃圾分类，故实行垃圾分类是必要的。故选D。

Passage 38【2020 •铁岭葫芦岛】
If there are no museums, no theaters, no libraries in the place where you live, will you feel bored at home? There is no need for you to worry about it, as we are living in the Internet era(网络时代). Here are some great online resources(资源). They can make our life colorful.
Online museums
If you are a fan of museums, go to the National Museum of China's official website. There are VR exhibitions(虚拟现实展览), livestreaming(直播)classes and many other resources. For example, an exhibition about Confucius (孔子) is going on right now. You can learn about his life and ancient culture during the Spring and Autumn Period(770-476 BC). There are also pictures and videos of the relics(文物), such as bianzhong and books.
Online concerts
Pop singers are now turning their own homes into livehouses! With microphones and musical instruments, they are holding online concerts. Popular ones include "Doulive Sofa Concert" on Douyin and "I'm With You" on Sina Weibo. Go and find your favorite singers!
If you are more interested in classical music, go to the National Center for the Performing Arts website. You'll find many videos of artists from around the world playing music for you—for free!
Online libraries
There are many online libraries where you can read books for free, such as the National Online libraries Library of China and Shanghai Library. There you can find all kinds of books you like.
46. Because of living in the Internet era, we can have a ________ life.
A. colorful B. boring C. safe D. terrible
47. If you want to know something about Confucius, you can go to _______.
A. Sina Weibo
B. Doulive Soft Concert
C. The National Museum of China's official website
D. The National Center for the Per forming Arts website.
48. You can find your favorite ________on Sina Weibo from the passage.
A. singers B. pictures C. books D. videos
49. Several online resources are mentioned in the passage Except ________.
A. online libraries B. online concerts C. online museums D. online school
50. The best title of the passage is "________".
A. Our happy life B. Livestreaming classes C. Online resources D. Musical instruments
本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一些网络资源，如网络博物馆、网络音乐会、网络图书馆，这些网络资源让我们的生活丰富多彩。
46.A【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段“…as we are living in the Internet era(网络时代). Here are some great online resources(资源). They can make our life colorful”可知，因为我们生活在网络时代，所以我们有丰富多彩的生活。故选A。
47.C【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段“If you are a fan of museums, go to the National Museum of China's official website…an exhibition about Confucius (孔子) is going on right now.”可知，如果你想了解孔子的一些事情，你可以登录中国国家博物馆的网站。故选C。
48.A【解析】细节理解题。根据第五段“…‘I'm With You' on Sina Weibo. Go and find your favorite singers!”可知，在新浪微博你可以找到你最喜欢的歌手。故选A。
49.D【解析】细节理解题。根据“Online museums…Online concerts…Online libraries”可知，文章提到了网络博物馆、网络音乐会、网络图书馆等网络资源，唯独没有提到“网络学校”。故选D。
50.C【解析】最佳标题题。根据第一段“Here are some great online resources(资源). They can make our life colorful”及全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了一些网络资源，如网络博物馆、网络音乐会、网络图书馆。故“网络资源”可作为本文标题。故选C。
Passage 39【2020 •青海省】
Over the last six months, the coronavirus pandemic (冠状病毒疫情) has affected different countries and regions in different ways. Here, we’ll take a look at a few of the most important events that have happened.
Italy shuts down
On March 10, the Italian government decided to put the whole country on lockdown after the number of cases (病例) in the country started increasing quickly, people were suggested not leaving their home. The first case was detected (检测到) as early as January 31. In the following weeks, the number of cases reached over 10,000 by the time of the lockdown. The lockdown affected 16 million people across the country. Italy was one of the first of many countries that carried out lockdowns to prevent the spread of the virus.
WHO declares pandemic
On March 11, World Health Organization (WHO) officially characterized (描述) COVID-19 as a pandemic. This was because of a growing number of cases around the world. By this time, there were more than 20,0000 cases in Europe, including 1,000 deaths, as well as 1,000 cases in the US.
Summer Olympics delayed
On March 24, President of the International Olympic Committee ( IOC) Thomas Bach announced the 2020 Summer Olympic Games, which were planned to be held in Tokyo, would be delayed until the following year in the interest of protecting pubic safety.
US hits over 1 million cases
On April 28, the US officially recorded over one million COVID-19 cases nationwide. This came just four days after it was announced that the virus had resulted in over 50,000 deaths across the country. The virus spread rapidly across the country, as the first case had been recorded three months earlier.
根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。
41. The events in the passage are all connected with ________.
A. Italy’s lockdown B. Olympic games
C. US cases D. the coronavirus pandemic
42. In Paragraph 2, the underlined word “lockdown” probably means ________.
A. 封城 B. 控制 C. 关押 D. 锁定
43. COVID-19 was officially announced as a pandemic because it ________.
A. caused the lockdowns B. had a growing number of cases in the world
C. could result in death D. spread quickly in Europe
44. 2020 Summer Olympic Games in Tokyo will be delayed because ________.
A. people may not go during the pandemic B. the cases in Asia increased quickly
C. it hasn’t been well-prepared D. it’s necessary to protect public safety
45. It took ________ for the number of COVID-19 cases in the US to reach over one million.
A. four days B. twenty-eight days
C. three months D. four months
文章大意：本文主要讲述了在过去的六个月，冠状病毒疫情以不同的方式影响不同的国家和地区。
41.D【解析】细节理解题。根据第1段中“Over the last six months, the coronavirus pandemic has affected different countries and regions in different ways.”结合全文内容可知这些事都和冠状病毒疫情有关。故选D。
42.A【解析】词义猜测题。根据画线词所在语境中“people were suggested not leaving their home”可知人们被建议不要离开自己的家，由此可知意大利政府是决定封锁全国。lockdown意为“封城”。故选A。
43.B【解析】细节理解题。根据第3段中“On March 11, World Health Organization (WHO) officially characterized COVID-19 as a pandemic. This was because of a growing number of cases around the world.”可知世界卫生组织正式将COVID-19定性为流行病是因为世界各地的病例越来越多。故选B。
44.D【解析】细节理解题。根据第4段中“... the 2020 Summer Olympic Games ... would be delayed until the following year in the interest of protecting pubic safety.”可知东京2020年夏季奥运会被推迟是为了保护公众安全。故选D。
45.C【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“On April 28, the US officially recorded over one million COVID-19 cases nationwide. ... as the first case had been recorded three months earlier.”可知4月28日时美国冠状病毒的病例超过了一百万，而第一例病例是在3个月前记录的，可知到达一百万用了3个月。故选C。
Passage 40【2020•湖北省黄石市】



The giant panda is an animal popular with people all over the world. With their black and white fur and soft round bodies, they are loved by the old and young. Do you love them? If you do, why not join in a panda volunteer program? Here are some tips for you if you want to be a volunteer of the programs.
Book（预定） Early
If you don't book early, the programs may become fully booked. Some volunteer programs limit（限制） the number of the volunteers. We suggest booking at least one week in advance（提前）.
Follow the instructions
Giant pandas lead a very different life. Sometimes, it is very hard for them to stand outside influences. We'd better not disturb（打扰）their peaceful life, so some of the activities might be changed or canceled.
•Please do not make any noise or movements that might disturb the pandas.
•Please do not get close to the pandas or throw food to them, unless the panda keeper tells you to do so. It might disturb the pandas' eating habits and cause them to become sick.
•For your safety do not get into the cage. Touch the adult pandas or let them touch you, unless the panda keeper tells you to do so.
•Do not take photos or videos unless it's allowed.
Dress Code
To protect yourself when carrying bamboo, please do not wear shorts or slippery（滑的）shoes. Also, pandas have a very keen（敏锐的）sense of smell. As you will get very close to them, pleased do not wear perfume（香水）or nail polish.
26．If you don’t book the program early, it may ________.
A．be changed B．be canceled
C．be put off D．become fully booked
27．The writer suggests booking at least ________in advance.
A．one week B．two weeks C．three weeks D．four weeks
28．Which of the following is NOT TRUE, according to the passage?
A．Do not make any noise that might disturb the pandas.
B．You can throw food to the pandas freely if you like.
C．Do not get into the cage without being told to do so.
D．Do not take photos or videos unless it's allowed.
29．Why are you advised not to wear shorts or slippery shoes when carrying bamboo?
A．To protect pandas. B．To protect bamboo.
C．To protect yourself. D．To protect others
30．Who may be interested in this passage?
A．A peace lover. B．A panda lover C．A music lover D．A panda keeper.

这是一篇说明文，文章主要是给想参加熊猫志愿者项目的人的一些建议，要提前预订，要遵循一些规则以及穿着的注意事项。
26．D【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段“If you don't book early, the programs may become fully booked”如果你不早点预订的话，项目可能被预订满了。故选D。
27．A【解析】细节理解题。根据“We suggest booking at least one week in advance”建议至少提前一周预订。故选A。
28．B【解析】推理判断题。根据“do not make any noise or movements that might disturb the pandas” 可知A选项表述正确。根据“Please do not get close to the pandas or throw food to them” 可知B选项表述错误。 根据“For your safety do not get into the cage. Touch the adult pandas or let them touch you, unless the panda keeper tells you to do so.” 可知C选项表述正确。根据“Do not take photos or videos unless it's allowed”可知D选项表述正确。故选B。
29．C【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段“To protect yourself when carrying bamboo, please do not wear shorts or slippery shoes”可知是为了保护你自己。故选C。
30．B【解析】推理判断题。A peace lover和平爱好者。A panda lover熊猫爱好者。A music lover音乐爱好者。A panda keeper熊猫管理员。根据第一段“Do you love them? If you do, why not join in a panda volunteer program? Here are some tips for you if you want to be a volunteer of the programs”文章主要是写给喜欢熊猫想参加熊猫志愿者项目的人。故选B。
Passage 41【2020•湖北省黄石市】


In the last passage we've already talked about some dangerous plants, but we don’t want to give anyone the wrong idea. The truth is that some plants can hurt you, but most are completely harmless. In fact, there are plenty of plants that are actually very useful to humans.
That is why plants are so popular in Chinese medicine. Chinese medicine has been using plants for at least 4, 800 years. One of the most popular plants in Chinese medicine is ginseng（人参）. Doctors of Chinese medicine believe that ginseng can help your lungs（肺）, clean your blood and do many other thing. Ginseng also provides energy for people. In fact, many modern energy drinks that you see in stores have ginseng.
In some parts of U.S., there is a plant called lady fern（蹄盖蕨）. This is the plant you need if you’ve been stung by a bee, or if you’ve got a small burn or a cut. Lady ferns are great for making your skin feel better. All you have to do is roll one of its leaves and make it into pieces in your hands. The juice inside the leaf will help your skin feel better.
If you’re hiking in Europe, look for a flower called tansy（艾菊）. This yellow flower is a natural insects' enemy. You just rub it on your skin, and insects will leave you alone.
Sage（鼠尾草）is one of the most useful plants in the world. Because it has so many uses it's also quite valuable. Human beings have been using sage for a very long time. In Europe before fridges appeared, people used sage to keep food. Over the years, people have used sage to fight all kinds of health problems. Sage has been used to treat colds, stop muscle（肌肉）problems and reduce（减少） swelling. In fact, sage comes from the Latin word “salvere”, which means “to be saved”.
31．How many kinds of useful plants are mentioned in the passage?
A．2 B．3 C．4 D．5
32．Which of the following about ginseng is NOT TRUE?
A．It's still being used in Chinese medicine.
B．It can make people feel sleepy.
C．It can be found in many modern energy drinks.
D．It is helpful to our lungs and blood.
33．Lady ferns can make your ________feel better.
A．Skin B．muscle C．burn D．cut
34．What does the passage say about sage?
A．It's the most useful plant in the world. B．It hasn’t been used by people for long.
C．It was once used to keep food in Europe. D．Its name comes from a German word.
35．What can be the best title for this passage?
A．How to protect plants B．Some harmful plants
C．How to grow plants D．Some useful plants
这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了四种对人有作用的植物。
31．C【解析】推理判断题。根据“ginseng” “lady fern” “tansy”及“Sage”可知共有四种植物。故选C。
32．B【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段“Chinese medicine has been using plants for at least 4, 800 years. One of the most popular plants in Chinese medicine is ginseng ”可知A选项表述正确。 “Ginseng also provides energy for people”可知B选项表述错误。根据“In fact, many modern energy drinks that you see in stores have ginseng”可知C选项表述正确。根据“Doctors of Chinese medicine believe that ginseng can help your lungs, clean your blood and do many other thing”可知D选项表述正确。故选B。
33．A【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段“Lady ferns are great for making your skin feel better… The juice inside the leaf will help your skin feel better”可知蹄盖蕨可让你的皮肤变好。故选A。
34．C【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“one of the most useful plants in the world”可知A选项表述错误。根据“Human beings have been using sage for a very long time”可知B选项表述错误。根据“In Europe before fridges appeared, people used sage to keep food”可知C选项表述正确。根据“In fact, sage comes from the Latin word ‘salvere’, which means ‘to be saved’ ”可知D选项表述错误。故选C。
35．D【解析】标题概括题。文章介绍了四种对人有作用的植物，标题可概括为Some useful plants。故选D。
Passage 42【2020•湖北省黄石市】
There are countless myths（神话）to explain how the world came to have a moon to bring light to the night time. But now there is a plan for a man-made moon. It will give us far more light than the natural Moon.
China is preparing to put a man-made moon in the sky above Chengdu by 2020. It will reflect sunlight back on to the Earth. If it succeeds, three more such objects will be sent out in 2022, according to Wu Chunfeng, a space scientist. Wu said it would be similar to how we get moonlight, but he predicted that the man-made moon would have eight times the brightness of the real one. “This is because the object will be about 500 kilometers above the Earth. That will make it a lot closer to us than the Moon, which is over 380,000 kilometers away,” Wu added.
If the plan works, the man-made moon will save a lot of power. Scientists predict that Chengdu could save around 1.2 billion yuan in electricity every year if a new moon lit up 50 square kilometers of the city. And in 2022, four man-made moons can take turns to work as they will not always be in the best position（位置）relative to the Sun. Together, they can give light to an area of up to 6, 400 square kilometers on the Earth for 24hours. That means its brightness will be seen in most areas in China, reducing the need for streetlights.
36．Above which city is China preparing to put a man-made moon in the sky by 2020?
A．Beijing B．Shanghai C．Chengdu D．Wuhan
37．The underlined word “reflect” in Paragraph2 means“________”.
A．吸收 B．反射 C．照耀 D．覆盖
38．The man-made moon will be about ________above the Earth.
A．500 kilometers B．380,000 kilometers C．50 kilometers D．6,400 kilometers
39．What can we learn from the passage?
A．The man-made moon will be as bright as the natural one.
B．The man-made moon will work similarly to the natural one.
C．The man-made moon has already lit up the city of Chengdu.
D．The man-made moonlight will cover the whole china.
40．Which part of a newspaper may this passage be from?
A．Culture B．Sports C．Education D．Science

这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了人造月亮计划的基本情况。
36．C【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段“China is preparing to put a man-made moon in the sky above Chengdu by 2020”可知是在成都。故选C。
37．B【解析】词义猜测题。根据“sunlight back on to the Earth”可知reflect表示“反射”。故选B。
38．A【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段“the object will be about 500 kilometers above the Earth”人造月亮在地球上空500千米。故选A。
39．B【解析】推理判断题。根据“Wu said it would be similar to how we get moonlight, but he predicted that the man-made moon would have eight times the brightness of the real one”可知A选项“as bright as the natural one”表述错误。B选项“The man-made moon will work similarly to the natural one.”人造月亮和月亮的工作相同，表述正确。根据“China is preparing to put a man-made moon in the sky above Chengdu by 2020”可知C选项“has already lit up the city of Chengdu”表述错误。根据“they can give light to an area of up to 6, 400 square kilometers on the Earth for 24hours. That means its brightness will be seen in most areas in China, reducing the need for streetlights”可知D选项“the whole china”表述错误。故选B。
40．D【解析】推理判断题。culture文化；sports运动；education教育；science科学。文章主要介绍的是人造月亮，可推知来自于报纸的科学版面。故选D。
Passage 43【2020•湖北省天门、仙桃、潜江、江汉油田】
Nature is amazing! Take a close look at the world of insects (昆虫) and you will discover many unbelievable things. Consider butterflies, for example. They have beautiful, colorful wings, and strong. steady flying skills. On summer days, we see them flying gracefully over flower gardens and wild fields.
But, do you know that butterflies live three separate lives before they become the flying insects we all know? They begin their lives as one thing, change into another, and then another. Finally, they change into beautiful flying insects. It’s true. And it’s one of the wonders of nature.
In the beginning, there is an egg, it’s usually small and colorful. A female butterfly lays an egg on a leaf of a plant. When you look at this tiny egg, it’s hard to believe that in a few days, it will become something completely different.
In time, it changes into a new life. No longer the small egg becomes a walking insect. This insect is called a caterpillar. It now has legs, eyes, a mouth and a large body. A new life has begun. The caterpillar eats, and eats, and eats. It can walk. It can see. But it is still not a butterfly. Soon, after growing big, the Caterpillar makes a cover for itself. It wraps (包裹) itself in this nice protective blanket and goes to sleep. This stage (阶段) of a butterfly’s life is known as the “pupa” stage.
What happens next is truly amazing!
After a period of time, the blanket breaks and a wet, weak butterfly appears. It now has six legs, a mouth, eyes and wings. Soon, the wings fill with blood, and the beautiful, colorful butterfly spreads its wings and flies away.
After a few weeks pass, this adult butterfly lays her eggs, and the cycle begins all over again.
This is just one example of the wonders of nature. Look around the natural world, and you will learn many truly amazing things.
34．________ is a “caterpillar”.
A． B． C． D．
35．According to the passage, it’s clear that butterflies ________.
A．have three separate lives in all
B．have colorful wings with no legs
C．can be seen in flower gardens in summer
D．are small eggs with no color at the beginning
36．The last paragraph means we should ________.
A．take a close look at the insect world
B．protect all kinds of animals and plants
C．discover the different forms of different things
D．go into the nature and enjoy the wonders of the world
本文是一篇说明文，主要以蝴蝶的生长发育过程为例说明了大自然的神奇。
34．B【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段“No longer the small egg becomes a walking insect. This insect is called a caterpillar. It now has legs, eyes, a mouth and a large body”可知，毛毛虫不会走路，但它有腿，有眼睛，有嘴巴和一个大大的身体。综上所述，B项中的图片所展示的是一只毛毛虫。故选B。
35．C【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段“On summer days, we see them flying gracefully over flower gardens and wild fields”可知，在夏天，我们能看到蝴蝶在花园飞舞。故选C。
36．D【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Look around the natural world, and you will learn many truly amazing things”可知，环顾自然界，你会学到许多真正令人惊奇的东西，故最后一段的意思是：我们应该走进大自然，享受世界奇观。故选D。
Passage 44【2020•鄂州市】
阅读下面四篇材料，根据其内容，选择正确答案或完成阅读任务
When you think of the Arctic (北极), you imagine an icy land of pure white snow. Others imagine it as the last really clean place left on earth. We have polluted the deepest oceans with plastic rubbish. “And now”, CNN says, “It’s the Arctic’s turn.”
German scientists have recently found microplastics in Arctic snow. Microplastics are pieces of plastic smaller than 5 millimeters. Sadly, the scientists found 1800 pieces of microplastics per liter of (每升) snow.
How is plastic pollution reaching the Arctic? According to scientists, “It’s clear that most of the microplastics in the snow come from the air.” They fall off the plastic objects and are moved by the wind, just like dust. They mix with ice in the air and fall to the ground as snow. Finding these plastics in Arctic snow means that we may breathe them in.
Are they bad for us? Scientists cannot answer this question for now, according to the WHO. We do know that our bodies cannot take in “large” pieces of microplastics. However, if the plastics are small enough, they can find ways into our bodies and stay there for a long time, which can be bad for our health. What’s more, earlier studies have shown that microplastics may contribute to lung cancer risk.
Microplastics have also been found in rivers and oceans around the world. Earlier research has found that they flow over long distances and into our oceans, hurting ecosystems along the way. They start in our wastewater, then flow into rivers and out to the sea, where they are eaten by sea animals. If people then eat these animals, it means that we’re eating the plastic as well.
31. We can learn from Paragraph 1 that________.
A. the Arctic is the last really clean place left on earth
B. the Arctic is an icy land of pure white snow
C. the Arctic is a beautiful icy land with clean air
D. the Arctic has been polluted by plastic rubbish
32. The underlined word “contribute” means “_______” in Chinese.
A. 增加 B. 捐献 C. 造成 D. 是……原因之一
33. Where do most of the microplastics in the snow come from?
A. From water. B. From air. C. From wind. D. From food.
34. Which of the following isn’t true?
A. We may breathe microplastics in Arctic.
B. Microplastics may cause lung cancer.
C. We don’t have to mind microplastics right now.
D. Microplastics have hurt ecosystems.
35. How does the writer end this passage?
A. By advising us to drink clean water.
B. By asking people not to eat sea animals.
C. By telling the seriousness of plastic pollution.
D. By showing the beauty of Arctic.
本文是一篇说明文，介绍了如今出现了一种污染——微塑料。本文详细介绍了什么是微塑料以及它对人类和环境的危害。
31.D【解析】细节理解题。根据“We have polluted the deepest oceans with plastic rubbish”，可知北极已经被塑料垃圾所污染，故选D。
32.A【解析】词义猜测题。划线词所在句句意为“早期研究已表明微塑料可能________肺癌风险”。结合备选项与常识可知，“风险”应该与增加或减少等词搭配，故选A。
33.B【解析】细节理解题。根据“It’s clear that most of the microplastics in the snow come from the air”，可知雪中的微塑料来自于空气中，故选B。
34.C【解析】细节理解题。根据“Finding these plastics in Arctic snow means that we may breathe them in”，可知我们可能会在北极呼吸到微塑料，A选项表述正确；根据“earlier studies have shown that microplastics may contribute to lung cancer risk”，可知微塑料可能会增加肺癌风险，B选项表述正确；根据“Earlier research has found that they flow over long distances and into our oceans, hurting ecosystems along the way”，可知微塑料也伤害了生态系统，D选项表述正确；根据文章内容，可知微塑料已经危及到我们的身体健康、危害到生态系统，我们应该要重视，而不是不在意，C选项表述错误，故选C。
35.C【解析】细节理解题。根据“If people then eat these animals, it means that we’re eating the plastic as well”，可知结尾作者是在强调塑料污染的严重性，故选C。
Passage 45【2020•黄冈市】
第一节阅读下面篇短文根据短文内容，从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选项最佳选项。
Three-two-one, fire!
At the moment of 9:43 a.m., on Tuesday, June 23rd, 2020, at the Xichang Satellite Launch Center(卫星发射中心) in Sichuan Province, the last satellite of the third-generation network(第三代导航系统) was sent into space. It is the 55th member in the family of BeiDou. It belongs to China’s Beidou Navigation Satellite System(BDS北斗卫星导航系统). So far, 59 satellites, including the first four test ones, have been launched from Xichang. With the development of China, we have already owned three other famous satellitle launch centers — Jiuquan, Taiyuan and Wenchang.
After a period of tests in space, this new satellite has started to work with other Beidou satellites together. It is designed to work for at least 12 years. So far, China has completed the third-generation network of China’s BDS. It was a new milestone in the nation’s space research work. The launch showed our country has completed our largest space-based system. It’s one of four global(全球的) navigation networks, including the United States’ GPS, Russia’s GLONASS and the European Union’s Galileo.
BDS has been widely used as public resources(资源) in our daily life. It has been shared by the whole world. It will provide more services around the world. BDS is the common wealth of the development of human beings.
30. Where did China launch the last satellite of the third-generation network?
A. Xichang. B. Jiuquan. C. Wenchang. D. Taiyuan.
31. How many members are there in the family of Beidou?
A. 4. B. 55. C. 59. D. 114.
32. What does the underlined word “milestone” mean in Chinese?
A. 记录 B. 事业 C. 里程碑 D. 起点
33. GLONASS belongs to .
A. China B. the United States C. Russia D. the European Union
34. According to the passage, we can know that .
A. The last satellite of BDS was launched at 9:43 p.m., June 23rd, 2020.
B. The new satellite is designed to work for at most 12 years.
C. BDS is shared only by China as public resources.
D. So far, China has completed the third-generation network of China’s BDS.
2020年6月23日9点43分，北斗卫星导航系统最后一颗卫星在西昌卫星发射中心成功送入太空。这次发射表明我国已经完成了我国最大的太空系统，是四个全球导航系统之一。北斗系统将为全世界提供更多服务，是人类发展的共同财富。
30.A【解析】细节理解题。根据短文第二段“At the moment of 9:43 a.m., on Tuesday, June 23rd, 2020, at the Xichang Satellite Launch Center (卫星发射中心) in Sichuan Province, the last satellite of the third-generation network (第三代导航系统) was sent into space.”可知，中国在四川西昌卫星发射中心将北斗导航系统最后一颗卫星送入太空。故选A。
31.C【解析】细节理解题。根据短文第二段“It belongs to China's Beidou Navigation Satellite System (BDS北斗卫星导航系统). So far, 59 satellites, including the first four test ones, have been launched from Xichang.”可知，北斗卫星导航系统有55颗卫星和四颗试验卫星，共计59颗。故选C。
32.C【解析】词义猜测题。根据语境“So far, China has completed the third-generation network of China's BDS. It was a new milestone in the nation's space research work. The launch showed our country has completed our largest space -based system.”中国已经建成北斗系统第三代网络，意义重大。由此可猜测milestone应该是“里程碑”的意思，故选C。
33.C【解析】细节理解题。根据短文第三段“It's one of four global (全球的) navigation networks, including the United States' GPS, Russia's GLONASS and the European Union's Galileo.”可知，GLONASS属于俄罗斯。故选C。
34.D【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段“So far, China has completed the third-generation network of China's BDS.”可知，到目前为止，中国已经完成了北斗系统第三代网络，D选项符合文意，故选D。根据短文第二段“At the moment of 9:43 a.m., on Tuesday, June 23rd, 2020, at the Xichang Satellite Launch Center (卫星发射中心) in Sichuan Province, the last satellite of the third-generation network (第三代导航系统) was sent into space.”可知，发射时间白天9点43分，不是晚上，A不对；根据第三段“It is designed to work for at least 12 years.”可知B不对；根据最后一段“BDS has been widely used as public resources (资源) in our daily life. It has been shared by the whole world.”可知C不对。
Passage 46【2020•黄冈市】
Bi Sheng was born in Song Dynasty. He lived in a small village which lies in Huanggang today.He invented the printing around 600 AD (公元)。He was the world’s first inventor of the printing. It is about 400 years earlier than the printing in Germany.
The printing is also called the movable type printing (活字印刷).But how did it work in the past?
First of all, the clay was made into movable types. Then words were engraved (雕刻) carefully onto the types. After that the words were chosen and put in right order in a box according to the text. Next, the workers brushed ink onto the movable types. Finally the types could be used for printing. They could be used again and again for different books.
The movable type printing plays an important role in Chinese culture. With the help of it, Chinese culture spread around the world more quickly. At the same time, the movable type printing was widely used in the world at that time. As a result, more and more culture communication among countries took place.
The movable type printing, the compass (指南针)，gun powder and the paper-making are called four great inventions of China. They make China own an important and even top position in the history of human civilization (文明).
35. When was the movable type printing invented?
A. About 600 years ago. B. Around 600 AD. C. Before Song Dynasty. D. About 400 years ago.
36. What should the workers do after the words were chosen and put in right order?
A. Brush ink onto the types. B. Make the clay into movable types.
C. Print by using the types. D. Engrave words onto the types.
37. How many steps were there in the movable type printing?
A. Three. B. Four. C. Five. D. Six.
38. What does the word "it" in Paragraph 4 refer to?
A. the compass B. gun-powder C. the paper making D. the movable type printing
39. What's the passage mainly about?
A. Four great inventions and their position in the history of human civilization.
B. Bi Sheng invented the movable type printing after trying many times.
C. The movable type printing and the importance for the culture communication.
D. How Bi Sheng invented the movable type printing in Song Dynasty.
这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍毕昇发明的活字印刷术在过去是怎样操作的以及印刷术在中国文化交流上的重要作用。
35.B【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段“He invented the printing around 600 AD”可知毕昇在公元600年发明了印刷术。故选B。
36.A【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段“the words were chosen and put in right order in a box according to the text. Next, the workers brushed ink onto the movable types”下一步工人在活字印刷上刷墨。故选A。
37.C【解析】推理判断题。根据“First of all,…Then …After that …Next, …Finally …”可知共有五个步骤，故选C。
38.D【解析】词义猜测题。根据前文“The movable type printing plays an important role in Chinese culture.”可知此处的it指的是the movable type printing活字印刷术。故选D。
39.C【解析】主旨大意题。文章主要介绍毕昇发明的活字印刷术在过去是怎样操作的以及印刷术在中国文化交流上的重要作用。主旨可概括为The movable type printing and the importance for the culture communication。故选C。
Passage 47【2020•荆门市】
Do you know about Psephurus gladius? It's a Chinese paddlefish known as "king of all national freshwater fish". However, it is announced that the Chinese paddlefish living in the Yangtze River has become extinct（灭绝的）.
A paper from Science of the Total Environment shows that the largest freshwater fish in China might have gone extinct between 2005 and 2010.Wei Qiwei author of the paper, said in September, 2019, some experts supposed that the first-class protected fish had been extinct already.
The Chinese paddlefish was about 2 to 3 meters long and could grow longer than 7 meters. The fish had lived on the earth for 15 million years. The latest discovery of the fish was made in 2003.Scientists helped the fish to return and tried to track（追踪）it. Unluckily, a boat accident caused the tracking efforts to fail. Since then, no discovery has been reported and no such fish has been kept in captivity(圈养).
"The Chinese paddlefish was so big that it was hard to raise in captivity," Wei said. Between 1984 and 1993, he once tried to save four fish, but only one stayed alive and returned to the river.
The extinction of the fish has called public attention as people expressed sadness over the death, hoping such animals would be better protected so that future generations could see them. From Jan 1,2020, China began a 10-year fishing ban（禁令）on important areas of the Yangtze River to protect Biodiversity（生态多样性）in China's longest river.
8. It can be learned from the passage that ____________.
A. the Chinese paddlefish was hunted too much in the past
B. the Chinese paddlefish was the largest freshwater fish in the world
C. the Chinese paddlefish could grow to be over 7 meters in length
D. the Chinese paddlefish has never been seen so far
9. What happened after the boat accident mentioned in Paragraph 3?
A. Some scientists saved the fish. B. People failed to track the fish.
C. The fish lost its life. D. The fish was kept in captivity.
10. Why couldn't the Chinese paddlefish be raised in captivity?
A. Because of its living habits. B. Because of its large size.
C. Because of is special diet. D. Because of the high cost.
11. What's the writer's purpose in writing the passage?
A. To show people's sadness about the fish's death. B. To explain how the fish died out.
C. To call on people to protect animals. D. To introduce a first-class protected fish.
本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中华鲟的灭绝，并藉此号召人们保护濒危动物，保护生物多样性。
8.C【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段“The Chinese paddlefish was about 2 to 3 meters long and could grow longer than 7 meters”可知，中华鲟可以长到7米以上。故选C。
9.B【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段“Unluckily, a boat accident caused the tracking efforts to fail”可知，船舶事故导致人们跟踪中华鲟以失败告终。故选B。
10.B【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段“The Chinese paddlefish was so big that it was hard to raise in captivity”可知，中华鲟之所以难以人工饲养，是因为它庞大的尺寸。故选B。
11.C【解析】主旨大意题。根据最后一段“…hoping such animals would be better protected so that future generations could see them”及全文内容可知，本文作者借中华鲟灭绝一事号召人们保护动物，保护生物的多样性。故选C。
Passage 48【2020•荆门市】
Scientists around the world are racing to create and test vaccines（疫苗）to help protect people against the novel coronavirus（新冠病毒）. They are making progress, but it will be quite a while before any vaccines are ready.
There are many different ways to make vaccines. At least 115 different vaccines for the novel coronavirus are being developed around the world right now. Many of them may not work or may have side effects that can be dangerous. That is why testing is very important.
Before a vaccine is ever tested on humans, it's first tested on animals to make sure it seems safe. Testing the vaccine on humans is done in several different phases（阶段）. In Phase 1, a small group of people are given small amounts of the vaccine to see if it has any bad effects. Phase 2 still tests the vaccine’s safety, but it's mainly a test to see if the vaccine seems to work, If Phase 2 goes well, the vaccine can begin Phase 3. During Phase 3, the vaccine is tried on a much larger group of people to see how well it works.
Because of the serious and worldwide impact（影响）of the novel coronavirus, there is huge pressure to develop a working vaccine quickly. It normally takes seven or more years to develop a safe vaccine that works well. Now drug companies are hoping to create working vaccines in 12 or 18 months.
But health experts also warn that rushing too much could be dangerous. A vaccine with harmful effects could cause more problems than it solves.
12. According to the passage, the scientists who are making vaccines are ____________.
A. hard-working and careful B. patient and easy-going C. kind and curious D. caring and brave
13. How long does it take to create working vaccines in the usual way?
A. Less than six years. B. More than ten years.
C. Twelve to eighteen months. D. About seven years.
14. Which of the following is TRUE?
A. There are only three phases in testing vaccines.
B. Working vaccines must be created in a short time.
C. Vaccines have already been developed.
D. Rushing too quickly in creating vaccines may bring more problems.
15. What's the best title of the passage?
A. Rush for a Vaccine B. Fight against the Disease
C. Protect People against the Virus D. Create Working Vaccines
本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了全世界的科学家都在加速进行针对新冠病毒的疫苗的研发工作，虽然已经取得一些进展，但离疫苗的正常使用还有很长时间。文章还介绍了开发一种安全疫苗所需要的时间，测试过程的重要性以及生产疫苗所需的费用等。
12.A【解析】推理判断题。根据“Scientists around the world are racing to create and test vaccines…Before a vaccine is ever tested on humans, it's first tested on animals to make sure it seems safe”可知，科学家们都在竞相研制抵御新冠病毒的疫苗，并且在疫苗研发期间作大量的测试以确保对人类的身体无害，因此研发疫苗的科学家是勤奋并且仔细的。故选A。
13.D【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段“It normally takes seven or more years to develop a safe vaccine that works well”可知，开发出一种安全有效的疫苗通常需要大约七年时间。故选D。
14.D 【解析】细节理解题。A选项：疫苗测试只有三个阶段。根据“Testing the vaccine on humans is done in several different phases”可知，疫苗测试分为几个阶段，文章中并没有明确指出只有三个阶段，故选项错误；B选项：必须在短时间内制造出有效的疫苗。根据“Now drug companies are hoping to create working vaccines in 12 or 18 months”及全文可知，制药公司只是希望尽快研制疫苗，但是疫苗研制过快会带来很多问题，所以并不是必须尽快将疫苗研制出来，故选项错误；C选项：疫苗已经研制出来了。根据“They are making progress, but it will be quite a while before any vaccines are ready”可知，疫苗还未研制成功，故选项错误；D选项：仓促生产疫苗可能会带来更多问题。根据“But health experts also warn that rushing too much could be dangerous…cause more problems than it solves”可知，仓促生产疫苗可能会带来更多问题，故选项正确。故选D。
15.A 【解析】最佳标题题。根据全文内容可知，本文主要讲述了科学家们都在加速研发抵御新冠病毒的疫苗，介绍了研发疫苗的过程、时间及快速研发疫苗可能产生的危害等，故“研发有效的疫苗”可作为本文标题。故选A。
Passage 48【2020•随州市】
Anger（愤怒）often makes us uncomfortable. Seeing your child's anger can be especially uncomfortable. In order to relieve（缓解）this feeling, parents often encourage children to “stop crying” and say things like “It's nothing to cry about.” It's moments like those that plant the seeds of unhealthy anger, The “stop crying” parents are just doing what they were taught by their own parents, who were probably taught that by their parents on and on. However, we should learn how to create healthy anger in our kids.
If a child never sees his or her parents express anger, he or she should never express anger, either. But if parents always express their anger loudly, their child may start to think of anger as something that is always frightening.
The first thing you can do to create healthy anger in your children is to practice creating healthy anger in yourself. Once you're better at experiencing anger and expressing it in a healthy way, you'll be able to set a good example for your kids.
Stopping kids from expressing their feelings is wrong. You may feel bad when you believe you are wrong, When children express their feelings and are told that it's nothing to cry about, they come to know that they themselves are bad.
We need to raise them in an environment where it's safe to express feelings. Once you feel more comfortable with your own anger, you can teach your children why anger is a helpful feeling. When your kids express anger, help them examine what it is that has made them angry. Why did it make them angry? How did it do that? Then, you can teach them that those feelings are never wrong and our expressions of feelings are in our control.
Anger is natural and normal, and it can be experienced and expressed in a healthy way.
51. Why do parents say “It's nothing to cry about” to their children?
A. To encourage them to stop crying. B. To make them uncomfortable.
C. To relieve their anger. D. To plant the seeds of unhealthy anger.
52. From the second paragraph we can infer（推断）___________.
A. parents have a great influence on their children B. parents should get angry with their children
C. expressing anger loudly is right, not wrong D. children should express their anger like their parents
53. Parents should set a good example for children by ___________.
A. stopping them from expressing their anger B. expressing their own anger in a healthy way
C. letting them know they are right or wrong D. raising them in a safe environment
54. The writer thinks that anger is a kind of feeling that is always ___________.
A. wrong B. uncomfortable C. harmful D. helpful
55. What's the main idea of the passage?
A. Anger often makes us and our children uncomfortable. B. Parents should create healthy anger in themselves.
C. Parents should create healthy anger in their kids. D. Parents should never express their anger.
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了父母如何让孩子形成“良性愤怒”，想要让孩子形成良性的愤怒情绪，父母自己应该率先实践。一旦父母能更好地体验愤怒并且以健康的方式发泄出来，那么父母就位孩子树立了一个良好的解决愤怒的榜样，这是最重要的。
51.C【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段“In order to relieve this feeling…say things like ‘It's nothing to cry about’”可知，为了缓解孩子们的愤怒，父母就会对孩子们说“这没有什么好哭的”。故选C。
52.A【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，如果孩子从来没有看到父母表达愤怒，他们也不会表达出愤怒情绪。但如果父母总是大声地表达他们的愤怒，他们的孩子可能会开始认为愤怒是一种总是令人害怕的东西。因此可推断父母对孩子有很大的影响。故选A。
53.B【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段“Once you're better at experiencing anger and expressing it in a healthy way, you'll be able to set a good example for your kids”可知，父母应该以健康的方式表达自己的愤怒，为孩子树立一个好榜样。故选B。
54.D【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“you can teach your children why anger is a helpful feeling…you can teach them that those feelings are never wrong”可知，作者认为愤怒是一种有益的情绪，没有对错之分。故选D。
55.C【解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段“However, we should learn how to create healthy anger in our kids”及全文内容可知，本文主要讲述了父母对孩子的影响很大，因此应该为孩子树立一个良好的榜样，为孩子创造一种健康良性的愤怒。故选C。
Passage 50【2020•襄阳市】
February 29th comes up on the calendar only every four years. A year with a February 29th might be good news if you are paid by the day or the week. But it might be bad news if you were born on a February 29th. You have to wait three years in between birthdays!
American English has an expression for the unusual situation. February 29th is called a leap day. And the year with a February 29th in it is called a leap year. This year, 2020, is such a year.
As a verb, the word “leap” means to jump, or to move quickly. “Leap” can also be a noun, meaning a jump, or a sudden move.
In a leap year, the dates jump over one day of the week. Let me explain. In 2017, the last day of the year, December 31th, fell on a Sunday. In 2018, it fell on a Monday. In 2019, it fell on a Tuesday. But in 2020, December 31th will fall on a Thursday. It jumps right over Wednesday.
The reason for a leap day or a leap year is because our calendar does not follow the Earth’s orbit（轨道） around the sun exactly. Each year, we have a little time left over. So every four years, we put all that time together into an extra（额外的）day.
Some people choose to marry on February 29th because it is an unusual date. But some ancient peoples would likely tell couples not to do it. Leap years were believed to be difficult, and leap days were unlucky. To be honest, these have no scientific basis（依据）.
36 A 20-year-old person has __________ birthdays if he/she was born on a February 29th.
A. 20 B. 15 C. 10 D. 5
37. A leap year means one more __________ is added in the calendar of the year.
A. month B. year C. day D. week
38. The last day of 2021 will fall on __________ according to this article.
A. Saturday B. Friday C. Sunday D. Monday
39. Some people choose to marry on February 29th because __________.
A. it’s quite a special date B. it’s quite an unlucky day
C. it can save more money D. it’s a traditional custom
40. Which of the following sentences is not true according to this article?
A. Scientists tell couples not to marry on a leap day.
B. The leap year or leap day comes once every four years.
C. Some ancient peoples believed that leap days were unlucky.
D. We have a little time left each year before a leap year comes.
本文介绍了闰年的情况及闰年形成的原因。
36.D【解析】推理判断题。根据But it might be bad news if you were born on a February 29th. You have to wait three years in between birthdays，可知，出生在2月29日的人，生日之间要等三年，这意味着出生在这一天的20岁的人已经过了5个生日。故选D。
37.C【解析】推理判断题。根据February 29th comes up on the calendar only every four years 及Each year, we have a little time left over. So every four years, we put all that time together into an extra（额外的）day，可知，每四年是一个闰年，而闰年是将所有的时间都放到了额外的一天里，由此可推断，闰年意味着多了一天。故选C。
38.B【解析】推理判断题。根据In a leap year, the dates jump over one day of the week. Let me explain. In 2017, the last day of the year, December 31th, fell on a Sunday. In 2018, it fell on a Monday. In 2019, it fell on a Tuesday. But in 2020, December 31th will fall on a Thursday. It jumps right over Wednesday，可知，2017年的最后一天是星期日，2018年最后一天是星期一，2019年最后一天是星期二，因为闰年多了一天，所以2020这个闰年的最后一天是星期四，那么2021年的最后一天应该是星期五。故选B。
39.A【解析】细节理解题。根据Some people choose to marry on February 29th because it is an unusual date，可知，一些人选择在2月29日结婚是因为这一天很特别。故选A。
40.A【解析】推理判断题。根据But some ancient peoples would likely tell couples not to do it…To be honest, these have no scientific basis，可知，古人告诉夫妇不要在这一天结婚，这是没有科学依据的，所以A选项错误。根据February 29th comes up on the calendar only every four years，可知，闰年每四年一次，所以B选项正确。根据But some ancient peoples would likely tell couples not to do it. Leap years were believed to be difficult, and leap days were unlucky，可知，一些古人认为闰年不吉利，所以C选项正确。根据Each year, we have a little time left over，可知，在闰年来临前，每年我们都有一些剩余的时间，所以D选项正确。故选A。
Passage 51【2020•长沙市】


On June 9th, 1870, Charles Dickens died at the age of 58. The next day, a headline in The New York Times read: “Death of the Great Novelist…Will Be Remembered by the People…”
The headline was not overstating （夸大） the popularity of Dickens. Even today, the British novelist is loved by readers all over the world. Dickens created some unforgettable characters. You must have heard of or even read some of his novels: Oliver Twist, A Christmas Carol and A Tale of Two Cities. A Tale of Two Cities has sold more than 200 million copies. Since 1897, there have been more than 300 film and TV adaptations（改编版本） of Dickens' works. A Christmas Carol alone has had nearly 50.
Natalie Mcknight is a literature professor（文学教投） who studies Dickens and his works. She explains why the novelist has remained so popular. One important reason, she says, is that Dickens wrote from his heart. He tried hard to produce emotional effects（情感效果） among his readers. In his works, he paid special attention to the "little man" at the bottom of society in the UK, which deeply mirrored the social reality at that time. A Christmas Carol, for example, was written to make every reader think about how they could make a difference to their society. People always enjoy works that make them laugh, cry and think. Many other 19th-century novelists wrote entertaining（娱乐的） works. However, few of them worked as hard as Dickens to touch the readers deeply.
Dickens wrote about situations and emotions that still interest people today. He used his pen to fight social inequality and gave voice to the poor. His works led to many important social changes. Readers always enjoy seeing poor people rise and succeed.
This year marks the 150thyear of Dickens' death. It's another chance to remember this great writer. Will you read or re-read some of his famous works?
26. What is Paragraph（段落）2 mainly about?
A. Personality of Dickens. B. Appearance of Dickens. C. Popularity of Dickens.
27. As a novelist, why has Dickens remained so popular?
A. He wrote for fun.
B. He wrote from his heart.
C. He mainly wrote for the upper class.
28. When people read Dickens novels, they could ________.
① meet the “little man” at the bottom of society in the UK
② know about the social reality at that time
③ not be influenced by the works at all
④ think about how to make a difference to their society
A. ①②③ B. ②③④ C. ①②④
29. What does the underlined word "inequality" mean in Paragraph 4?
A. 不平等 B. 不现实 C. 不稳定
30. The purpose of writing this text is probably to ________.
A. introduce Charles Dickens' life and death
B. encourage readers to read or re-read Charles Dickens' works
C. present the similarities between Charles Dickens and other writers
文章大意：本文主要讲了小说家查尔斯·狄更斯的受欢迎程度及其作品的影响力，恰逢狄更斯逝世150周年，鼓励人们阅读或重读狄更斯的著名作品。
【解析】段落大意题。第2段讲现今狄更斯也被世界各地的读者所喜爱，他创作了一些难忘的角色，段中列举了一些狄更斯的代表作并指出《双城记》销量惊人，他的作品被改编成电影和电视多于三百个版本。由此可知主要讲的是狄更斯的受欢迎程度。故选C。
【解析】细节理解题。根据第3段中“She explains why the novelist has remained so popular. One important reason, she says, is that Dickens wrote from his heart. ”可知狄更斯如此受欢迎的一个重要原因是他发自内心地写作。故选B。
【解析】细节理解题。根据第3段中“In his works, he paid special attention to the ‘little man’ at the bottom of society in the UK, which deeply mirrored the social reality at that time.”可知读狄更斯的小说能够见到英国社会底层的小人物，知道当时的社会现实，①②正确，再由第3段中“A Christmas Carol, for example, was written to make every reader think about how they could make a difference to their society.”可知读狄更斯的小说能使读者思考如何改变他们的社会，④正确。故选C。
【解析】词义猜测题。根据画线词所在语境“He used his pen to fight social inequality and gave voice to the poor. ”讲到狄更斯为穷人发声，结合选项可知他是用笔和社会不平等战斗，inequality意为“不平等的”。故选A。
【解析】主旨大意题。根据最后一段中“Will you read or re-read some of his famous works?”可推出作者写这篇文章是为了鼓励读者去阅读或重读狄更斯的作品。故选B。
Passage 52【2020•长沙市】



Have you ever seen a solar panel（太阳能电池板）in your neighborhood? Solar panels take energy from the sun and turn it into electricity. Over the past ten years, the price of solar panels has gone down greatly. In many parts of the world, solar energy is now the cheapest form of electricity. More and more people have started using solar energy to power（给……供电）their homes.
However, solar panels also have their problems. They stop working at night and on rainy days. Is it possible to make them produce electricity all of the time?
Scientists at Suzhou University, China, have invented a new solar panel now. It can produce electricity not only from solar energy but also from falling rain. When a raindrop falls on the solar panel and then rolls（滚动）down, it creates friction（摩擦力）on the surface of the panel, which can then be turned into electricity.
Sun Baoquan is one of the inventors. “Our new invention can produce electricity in any weather during the day,” he says. “It can even provide electricity at night if there is rain.”
The solar panel, however, does not make much electricity from falling rain. So Sun Baoquan is still working hard to improve it. The scientist also wants to make solar panels more flexible, which are as soft as clothing.
The field of solar energy is developing fast. Scientists around the world have been improving solar panels. Some have been working on ways to join solar panels and wind power together. Some have been trying to use sunlight to produce liquid and gas fuels（液体和气体燃料）.
31. Which energy is now the cheapest form of electricity in many parts of the world?
A. Solar energy. B. Water energy. C. Wind energy.
32. What is one of the problems of common solar panels?
A. The price of them is rising.
B. They can’t work all of the time.
C. They can hardly power people’s homes.
33. Why is the new solar panel more scientific and useful?
A. It has a larger size than a common one.
B. It produces more electricity from falling rain than solar energy.
C. It can produce electricity day and night and even in rainy conditions.
34. What does the underlined word “flexible” mean in Paragraph 5?
A. 柔软的 B. 光滑的 C. 坚硬的
35. We can infer（推断）from this text that ________.
A. there is no room for developing solar energy
B. there is no end to the research in the field of solar energy
C. solar energy has completely taken the place of other kinds of energy
本文介绍了新型太阳能电池板，不仅可以昼夜工作，还可以利用降雨发电，更具科学性和实用性。
31.A【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中“In many parts of the world, solar energy is now the cheapest form of electricity.”可知，在世界许多地方，太阳能是目前最便宜的供电形式。故选A。
32.B【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中“They stop working at night and on rainy days.”可知，普通太阳能电池板在晚上和雨天停止工作，这是普通太阳能电池板的一个问题。故选B。
33.C【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中“It can produce electricity not only from solar energy but also from falling rain.”和第四段中“Our new invention can produce electricity in any weather during the day. It can even provide electricity at night if there is rain.”可知，新型太阳能电池板不受天气影响，可以在白天和晚上工作，不仅可以利用太阳能发电，还可以利用降雨发电，所以说新型太阳能电池板更具科学性和实用性。故选C。
34.A【解析】词意猜测题。根据第五段中“which are as soft as clothing”可知，新型太阳能电池板可以像衣服一样柔软，所以此处划线部分单词flexible的意思是“柔软的”。故选A。
35.B【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Scientists around the world have been improving solar panels. Some have been working on ways to join solar panels and wind power together. Some have been trying to use sunlight to produce liquid and gas fuels.”可知，全世界的科学家都在改进太阳能电池板，有些人正在研究将太阳能电池板和风能结合起来的方法，有些人试图利用阳光生产液体和气体燃料，由此可以推断出：太阳能领域的研究一直在进行，永无止境。故选B。
Passage 53【2020•湖南省张家界市】
Pepper works in a supermarkert in Germany. He is different from other emplayees (雇员). Pepper is a robot that looks like a human.
A Japanese company made Pepper in 2014. Pepper is as tall as a 6-year-old kid. He has cameras. They help him recognize things around him. There are wheels under his body. They help Pepper move.
The robot can do a lot of things. He can read people's emotions (感情) and communicate with people. He can also teach students about programming.
20. What does Pepper look like?
A. A human. B. A robot. C. An animal.
21. What does Pepper use to recognize things around him?
A. Eyes. B. Hands. C. Cameras.
22. What can Pepper teach?
A. Reading. B. Programming. C. Communicating.
23. What would be the best title for the article?
A. Robots are helping. B. Pepper is a robot. C. Pepper works in a supermarket in Germany.
文章主要是介绍德国的一家超市工作的机器人Pepper的一些情况，以及对人们的帮助。
20.A【解析】细节理解题。根据文中“Pepper is a robot that looks like a human.”可知，Pepper是一个看起来像人类的机器人。故选A。
21.C【解析】细节理解题。根据文中“He has cameras. They help him recognize things around him.”可知，是摄像头帮助他认识周围的事物。故选C。
22.B【解析】细节理解题。根据文中“He can also teach students about programming.”可知，他还可以教学生编程。故选B。
23.A【解析】最佳标题题。根据整个文章的理解可知，主要是介绍机器人Pepper的情况以及它是如何帮助人的，故选A。
Passage 54【2020•益阳市】
The dragon is a great animal in Chinese culture. It brings the wind and rain. It is said that every year on the second day of the second lunar（阴历）month, the dragon wakes up from its winter sleep and raises its head. Because of this, the day is called "Dragon Heads-raising Day" (Longtaitou). This year, it falls on February 24th.
Old people believed that after Longtaitou, there would be more rain. And rain is very important to farming. So Longtaitou was the start of spring and farming.
People have many ways to celebrate the festival. The most popular one is to have a haircut. Mary people believe that a haircut during the first lunar month may bring bad luck to your uncles—mainly your mother's brothers. They hope getting a haircut on Longtaitou keeps them away from bad luck.
Among Chinese people's festival traditions, there is always a place for food. During the Longtaitou festival, people eat food named after dragons. Noodles are called dragon's beard (longxu). Dumplings are dragon's ears (long'er). And spring roll(春卷) are dragon's skin (longlin).
26. What does the dragon bring according to the passage?
A. The rain and wind. B. The rain and snow. C. The wind and snow.
27. When is Longtaitou every year?
A. On February 24th.
B. The second day of the first lunar month.
C. The second day of the second lunar month.
28. Old people believed that Longtaitou was the beginning of ________.
A. spring and farming B. spring and resting C. summer and farming
29. Why do many people have a haircut on Longtaitou?
A. Because they hope to keep healthy.
B. Because they hope to make much money.
C. Because they hope to keep them away from bad luck.
30. Noodles on Longtaitou are called ________.
A. dragon's ears B. dragon's beard C. dragon's skin
文章大意：本文介绍了中国的“龙抬头”节日，包括它的时间、意义、习俗等。
26.A【解析】细节理解题。根据第1段中“The dragon is a great animal in Chinese culture. It brings the wind and rain.”可知龙能带来风和雨。故选A。
27.C【解析】细节理解题。根据第1段中“It is said that every year on the second day of the second lunar month, the dragon wakes up from its winter sleep and raises its head. Because of this, the day is called ‘Dragon Heads-raising Day’ (Longtaitou).”可知“龙抬头”在每年农历的二月初二。故选C。
28.A【解析】细节理解题。根据第2段中“Old people believed ... So Longtaitou was the start of spring and farming.”可知老人们相信“龙抬头”是春天和农耕的开始。故选A。
29.C【解析】细节理解题。根据第3段中“They hope getting a haircut on Longtaitou keeps them away from bad luck.”可知人们在“龙抬头”这一天剪发是希望远离厄运。故选C。
30.B【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Noodles are called dragon's beard (longxu).”可知“龙抬头”那天面条被叫做龙须。故选B。
Passage 55【2020•湘西土家族苗族自治州】

Beijing Opera is our national opera. It has a history from 1790. Its music and singing came from Anhui and Hubei. There are four main roles in Beijing Opera: Sheng, Dan, Jing and Chou. Beijing Opera is full of famous stories, beautiful facial（脸部的）paintings, wonderful gestures（姿态）and fighting. Some of the stories are from history books, but many of them are from famous novels. The people in the stories usually can't agree with each other. They became angry, unhappy, sad and lonely. Sometimes they are frightened and worried. Then they find a way to make peace with each other. Everyone is usually happy in the end.
Beijing Opera is an important part of Chinese culture. In the past, it was popular with old people while young people didn't like it. But now, more and more young people are becoming interested in it. At the same time, more people around the world are learning about Beijing Opera.
36. How old will Beijing Opera be in 2020?
A. 210 years. B. 220 years. C. 230 years.
37. Beijing Opera's _____________ came from Anhui and Hubei.
A. music and singing B. acting and fighting C. music and acting
38. What's the end of each story in Beijing Opera?
A. Angry. B. Sad. C. Happy.
39. Where are many of the stories in Beijing Opera from?
A. Newspaper. B. Famous novels. C. Magazines.
40. Which of the following is TRUE?
A. There are three main roles in Beijing Opera.
B. Beijing Opera isn't a part of Chinese culture.
C. More and more young people are interested in Beijing Opera nowadays.
文章介绍了我们的民族歌剧——京剧。
36.C【解析】细节理解题。根据第二句话“It has a history from 1790. ”可知京剧的历史是从1790年开始，到2020年即2020-1790=230年。故选C。
37.A【解析】细节理解题。根据第三句话“Its music and singing came from Anhui and Hubei. ”可知京剧的音乐和歌唱来自安徽和湖北。故选A。
38.C【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句话“Everyone is usually happy in the end. ”可知京剧的结局是快乐的。故选C。
39.B【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段“Some of the stories are from history books, but many of them are from famous novels. ”可知其中一些故事来自历史书籍，但许多故事来自著名小说。故选B。
40.C【解析】细节理解题。根据“There are four main roles in Beijing Opera: Sheng, Dan, Jing and Chou. ”可知京剧有4种角色：生旦净丑。故A错误。根据第二段“Beijing Opera is an important part of Chinese culture. ”可知京剧是中华文化的一个重要部分。故B错误。根据最后一段“But now, more and more young people are becoming interested in it. ”可知越来越多的年轻人对京剧感兴趣了。故C正确。故选C。
Passage 56【2020•怀化市】


Yue opera (越剧) is also called Shaoxing opera. It is one of the five operas in China. It has been listed into the first national nonmaterial cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产) since 2006. Yue opera appeared in Sheng County, Zhejiang Province in the Qing dynasty, and then it became famous in Shanghai in the 1920s.
Yue opera is famous for singing, touching music and lively performances. The main subjects of Yue opera are stories about wits and beauties (才子佳人). Main instruments are the erhu and some other traditional Chinese instruments.
First performed by male farmer artists in the countryside, Yue opera was later developed into a popular performance in cities. The first female troupe (剧团) of Yue opera was created in 1923, and then female performers gradually took the place of the males. Nowadays, almost all performers are females. The most famous master of Yue opera is Yuan Xuefen. The classics of the opera are Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai, Romance of the West Chamber, Madame White Snake.
28. What is Yue opera also called?
A. Beijing opera. B. Shaoxing opera. C. Yu opera.
29. The main subjects of Yue opera are stories about ______.
A. farmers and performers B. males and females C. wits and beauties
30. Who is the most famous master of Yue opera?
A. Yuan Xuefen. B. Chang Xiangyu. C. Mei Lanfang.
31. Which of the following is NOT mentioned (提及) in the passage?
A. Yue opera became famous in Shanghai in the 1920s.
B. Main instruments are the erhu and some other traditional Chinese instruments.
C. One of the classics of the opera is Qin Xianglian.
文章大意：本文主要介绍了我国五大戏剧之一的越剧，包括越剧的历史、因何而闻名、主题、所用乐器、代表作品等。
28.B【解析】细节理解题。根据第1段中“Yue opera is also called Shaoxing opera.”可知越剧也被称为绍兴戏。故选B。
29.C【解析】细节理解题。根据第2段中“The main subjects of Yue opera are stories about wits and beauties.”可知越剧的主题是关于才子佳人的故事。故选C。
30.A【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“The most famous master of Yue opera is Yuan Xuefen.”可知最著名的越剧大师是袁雪芬。故选A。
31.C【解析】细节理解题。根据第1段中“...then it became famous in Shanghai in the 1920s.”可知越剧在二十世纪二十年代开始在上海闻名，A项正确；根据第2段中“Main instruments are the erhu and some other traditional Chinese instruments.”可知越剧的主要乐器是二胡和其他一些中国传统乐器，B项正确；根据最后一段中“The classics of the opera are Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai,Romance of the West Chamber,Madame White Snake.”可知越剧的经典剧目中并未提到《秦香莲》，C项错误。故选C。
Passage 57【2020•郴州市】


Electric bicycles have become one of the most popular vehicles (交通工具) in people’s daily life, whether in the countryside or in cities. They run on battery-operated (用电池发动的) motors. Electric bicycles can run much faster than bikes and they are very easy to ride.
They were first made in the 1980s in China, but they were not popular at that time. Today, thanks to the improvement on the quality (质量) of the batteries, electric bicycles sell much better. There are over 100 electric bicycles makers in China. Now China is one of the largest makers of electric bicycles in the world, and many people ride them to work, to send children to schools, to go to the supermarkets and so on.
However, electric bicycles also have disadvantages. The most important one is that they are not safe enough for people who ride them. There are many accidents caused by electric bicycles because of their fast speed. People must be careful when riding electric bicycles. At the same time, people should wear helmets (头盔) when riding electric bicycles. Check the batteries as often as possible. Keeping safe is the most important thing.
31. Electric bicycles were first made ________ in China.
A. in the 1960s B. in the 1970s C. in the 1980s
32. The underlined word “disadvantages” means ________ in Chinese.
A. 优点 B. 缺点 C. 型号
33. To keep safe, people should ________ when riding electric bicycles.
A. wear helmets B. ride very fast C. make a call
34. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?
A. People in the countryside don’t ride electric bicycles now.
B. It’s not safe enough for people to ride electric bicycles.
C. There are over 300 electric bicycles makers in China
35. What is the writer’s main purpose in the passage?
A. To introduce electric bicycles to people.
B. To talk about the way to ride electric bicycles.
C. To show us the disadvantages of electric bicycles.
这是一篇说明文，文章介绍电动车的便利以及它的缺点，提醒骑电动车的人需要注意的安全问题。
31.C【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段“They were first made in the 1980s in China”电动车是在20世纪80年代在中国制造出来，故选C。
32.B【解析】词义猜测题。根据“The most important one is that they are not safe enough for people who ride them. There are many accidents caused by electric bicycles because of their fast speed”可知此处讲述的是电动车的缺点，disadvantages的意思是缺点。故选B。
33.A【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段“At the same time, people should wear helmets (头盔) when riding electric bicycles”可知骑电动车应戴头盔，故选A。
34.B【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段“Electric bicycles have become one of the most popular vehicles in people’s daily life, whether in the countryside or in cities”可知A选项“don’t ride” 表述错误。根据第二段“There are over 100 electric bicycles makers in China ”可知C选项“over 300” 表述错误。根据最后一段“The most important one is that they are not safe enough for people who ride them”可知B表述正确。故选B。
35.A【解析】写作意图题。文章主要目的是为了介绍电动车给读者，介绍了它的便利以及它的不安全性。B选项“the way to ride”骑电动车的方式文中没有提到，C选项“the disadvantages”过于片面，故选A。
Passage 58【2020•常德市】
What are coronaviruses? Coronaviruses were discovered in the 1960s. They are a group of viruses that cause diseases in mammals and birds. In humans, coronaviruses cause respiratory tract infections.
The new coronavirus. At the end of 2019, a new type of coronavirus started spreading in China. This type of coronavirus is often called 2019-nCoV, novel coronavirus, or COVID-19. It is believed that the virus was transmitted from animals to humans. Some of the first cases were diagnosed in people who had visited a market selling live seafood and animals. Unfortunately, when viruses are transmitted from animals to people it can take scientists a lot of time before they can develop a vaccine or medicines to cure it.
How does the virus spread? The virus appears to spread mainly from person to person. The transmission occurs when someone comes into contact with an infected person. For example, a cough, a sneeze or a handshake could cause transmission. The spread may also be caused by coming into contact with something an infected person has touched and then touching your mouth, nose or eyes.
virus 病毒 mammal 哺乳动物 respiratory 呼吸的 infection 感染
transmit 传染 case 病例 diagnose 诊断 cure 治愈 occur 发生
contact 接触
1. When were coronaviruses discovered?
A. In the 1960s. B. In the 1970s. C. In the 1980s.
2. Where did the new coronaviruses start spreading at the end of 2019?
A. In China. B. In America. C. All over the world.
3. Is it easy for the doctors to cure COVID-19?
A. Yes, it is. B. No, it isn’t. C. Not mentioned.
4. How many ways are mentioned for the spread of the new coronaviruses?
A. 1 B. 2. C. 3.
这是一篇说明文。主要讲了三方面的内容：1.什么是冠状病毒？2.新型冠状病毒；3.病毒是如何传播的？
1.A【解析】细节理解题。根据“ Coronaviruses were discovered in the 1960s.”可知，冠状病毒是在20世纪60年代发现的。故选A。
2.A【解析】细节理解题。根据“At the end of 2019, a new type of coronavirus started spreading in China.”可知，2019年底，新型冠状病毒开始在中国蔓延，故选A。
3.B【解析】细节理解题。根据“Unfortunately, when viruses are transmitted from animals to people，it can take scientists a lot of time before they can develop a vaccine or medicines to cure it.”（不幸的是，当病毒从动物传播给人类时，科学家要花很长时间才能研制出治疗病毒的疫苗或药物。）可知，文中提到专家研制治疗病毒的疫苗或药物需要很长时间,故不容易治疗，选B。
4.B【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段的内容可知，病毒人传人的方式有两种：1.与被感染者接触；2.接触了被感染者接触过的东西。故选B。
Passage 59【2020•郴州市】



Things You Can Do In One Second To Make Your Life Happier
One second. That’s all it takes to make your life happier. △ Then check out this list of things you can do in a single second. That will bring more happiness into your life every day.
Give a great big smile.
Look for an easy way to make your life happier. Smile more. Smiling can help you feel better instantly. And it can be contagious. So give a smile to a total stranger on the street. Or if you’re sad, angry, or annoyed about something, choose to smile and laugh it off instead.
Take a deep breath.
Deep breathing is one of the best ways to reduce stress and bring balance back into your life. And it only takes a second. Take some time out each day to focus on nothing except your breath. You’ll find your life becomes happier, healthier, and less stressful.
Take a sip of water.
It’s no surprise that drinking water is good for your health. Try keeping a water bottle with you wherever you go, and take a second to drink water a couple times every hour. Drinking water can help keep you hydrated, control calories, filter your kidneys, and keep healthy skin.
Give thanks.
Happy people have this in common: They are grateful for all the good things in their lives. This means that to make your life happier, take a few minutes each day and count your blessings. Say “Thank you” more often. Show your appreciation when good things come your way.
instantly 立刻 balance 平衡 focus 集中 hydrated 含水的
calorie 热量 filter 过滤 kidney 肾脏 skin 皮肤 grateful 感激
blessing 福分 appreciate 感激
9. Which can best replace “ △ ” in the passage?
A. Do you think so? B. Don’t believe it? C. Am I right?
10. What does the word “contagious” mean in Chinese?
A. 充满希望的 B. 滑稽的 C. 有感染力的
11. What can you do to keep healthy skin?
A. Take deep breath. B. Drink some water. C. Give thanks.
12. Which “second” in the following has the same meaning as in the passage?
A. Downstairs, on the second floor, Michael served Mona breakfast.
B. The gun was fired and Beaton was wounded a second time.
C. Can you just lift the table for a second?
本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一秒钟内做的事情就能让生活更快乐的方法。
9.B【解析】题意：填入文中空格处的最佳选项是什么？
推理判断题。根据上文One second. That’s all it takes to make your life happier可知，根据常识可知，一秒钟通常做不了什么事情，故此处说的一秒钟就能让生命更快乐，这一说法让人很难相信。B选项Don’t believe it?“不相信吗？”符合题意，故选B。
10.C【解析】题意：单词“contagious”的中文意思是什么？
词句猜测题。根据第二段中" Smiling can help you feel better instantly."可知微笑能让你立即感觉很好，根据下文“And it can be contagious. So give a smile to a total stranger on the street.”可知，笑容是会传染，所以在街上遇到陌生人也应该多笑一笑。C选项“有感染力的”符合题意，故选C。
11.B【解析】题意：你能做什么来保持皮肤健康？
细节理解题。根据原文“Drinking water can help keep you hydrated, control calories, filter your kidneys, and keep healthy skin.”可知，喝水可以保持皮肤健康。B选项Drink some water“喝水”符合题意，故选B。
12.C【解析】题意：本文中“second”的意思与下列哪一项的“second”意思相同？
词句猜测题。原文中“second”的意思是“一秒钟”，C选项Can you just lift the table for a second?“你能把桌子抬一下吗？”其中，second意为“一秒钟”，故选C。
Passage 60【2020•郴州市】



Happy, Happy Chinese New Year by Demi Hitz
In a book that is itself a celebration, Demi explains the ideas behind the Chinese New Year festival. The last 15 days of the old year are spent cleaning and preparing (Wash your hair and get a new haircut. Pay the debts that you owe and collect what is owed to you!). On the eve of the new moon, a special feast is prepared… The first 15 days of the New Year are spent celebrating with lion dances, firecrackers, and other activities.
Demi has long been interested in Eastern art and philosophy, which inspired her to create this book about the Chinese New Year celebration. She has written and illustrated more than 20 books for children, including The Empty Pot, Gandhi, and Kites: Magic Wishes that Fly Up to the Sky.
Chinese New Year for Kids by Cindy Roberts
Chinese New Year for Kids is a full color book with beautiful, Chinese illustrations. This is a hands-on workbook for parents and teachers, written for children from ages 3 to 12 years old, for use in the classroom or at home. Children will enjoy the Chinese New Year party ideas, dragon dances, lion dances, art projects, and Chinese games.
The art projects for Chinese New Year are designed to be easy, as well as inexpensive to reproduce for large groups. All the activities in this book have been tested in the classroom, with very successful results, and have caused lots of enthusiasm from children and teachers alike. Music, physical movement, art, and food all add to the ambiance of taking an imaginary trip to China during the Chinese New Year.
debt 债 owe 欠 feast 宴会 philosophy 哲学
illustrate 插图 design 设计 enthusiasm 热情 ambiance 气氛

17. What is “Happy, Happy Chinese New Year”?
A. A book. B. A celebration. C. A festival.
18. What do Chinese usually do before the New Year?
A. They usually have a big meal every day.
B. They are busy cleaning and preparing.
C. They are celebrating with activities.
19. Who will most likely read the books by Demi?
A. Children from western countries.
B. Students from China.
C. Indian Children.
20. What will the readers most probably do after reading “Chinese New Year for Kids”?
A. They will join to write more books about China.
B. They will have a strong wish to visit China during Chinese New Year.
C. They will enjoy the Chinese New Year party ideas, dragon and lion dances.
本文介绍了两本关于介绍中国新年的书籍。
17.A【解析】细节理解题。根据文中“Happy, Happy Chinese New Year by Demi Hitz；In a book that is itself a celebration, Demi explains the ideas behind the Chinese New Year festival.”可知，Happy, Happy Chinese New Year是由黛米·希茨所写的一本书。故选A。
18.B【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中“The last 15 days of the old year are spent cleaning and preparing”可知，在新年到来之前，中国人忙着打扫和准备。故选B。
19.A【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段中“Demi has long been interested in Eastern art and philosophy, which inspired her to create this book about the Chinese New Year celebration.”可知，黛米一直对东方艺术和哲学感兴趣，这本书是关于中国新年庆典的，而且她还写了其他面向孩子的书，所以西方的孩子们最有可能阅读这本书，去了解中国的春节。故选A。
20.B【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Music, physical movement, art, and food all add to the ambiance of taking an imaginary trip to China during the Chinese New Year.”可知，音乐，身体运动，艺术和食物都增加了在中国新年期间去中国旅行的氛围，所以当作者读了这本书以后，他们将有一个强烈的愿望，在春节期间访问中国。故选B。
Passage 61【2020•湖南省衡阳市】
Social media(媒体)is a big part of most people’s lives. There are social apps and sites like WeChat and Sina Weibo, as well as video apps like Douyin and Kuaishou. How do you behave when you use these apps?
Recently researchers at the University of Sussex, UK, studied social media users ranging from 10 to 15 years old. They found that they can be divided into four personality types.
Geeks(极客)
Geeks are active social media users，but they find it mush more difficult to deal with the life in the real world. Most of them are boys who like playing computer games and making music and videos. They often post creative works online, using fake(假的) names. In fact, they should avoid spending too much time on the Internet.
Internet celebrities
Internet celebrities like sharing as well , but they are much more visible (看得见的) than geeks. They might become well-known for their singing or dancing. But many of them, especially teenagers ,share almost every side of their lives in order to own more fans. Being a teenage Internet celebrity can sometimes cause problems in the real world.
Lurkers(潜伏者)
The first two groups are lucky to find a place to show their talent. But most teenagers fall into the third type---- “lurkers”, or people who are neither too active nor visible. This group prefers WeChat over Sina Weibo, as WeChat has private groups. They can’t express themselves well but at least they make sure to protect their personal information.
Victims(受害者)
Victims don't have enough knowledge to keep themselves safe online Their personal information can be made public and cause problems for them. To avoid being a victim, you should check your personal settings on social media.“Friends only” is a good choice for your posts. Don’t share your personal information.
26．What does the underlined word“they" in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A．Researchers at the University of Sussex, UK.
B．Social media users ranging from 10 to 15 years old.
C．Researchers and social media users ranging from 10 to 15 years old.
27．What do geeks often do on the Internet according to the passage?
A．They share almost every side of their lives.
B．They share their personal information.
C．They post creative works.
28．The underlined phrase“Internet celebrity" in Paragraph 4 means________ in Chinese.
A．网络用户 B．网络名人 C．网络博主
29．Which of the following is TRUE about lurkers?
A．They would rather use WeChat than Sina Weibo.
B．This group is both active and visible.
C．Lurkers don’t have enough knowledge to keep their personal information safe online.
30．The passage is written to_________
A．offer tips for social media users.
B．teach social media users to use different apps.
C．describe four personality types of social media users.

本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了网络社交媒体上的四类人：极客，网红，潜伏者和受害者。
26．B 【解析】词句猜测题。根据上一句“Recently researchers at the University of Sussex, UK, studied social media users ranging from 10 to 15 years old.”可知，这里的they指代的是social media users ranging from 10 to 15 years old，故选B。
27．C【解析】细节理解题。根据“ They often post creative works online, using fake(假的) names.”可知，极客通常在网上用假名发表有创意的作品。故选C。
28．B 【解析】词义猜测题。根据“They might become well-known for their singing Or dancing…share almost every side of their lives in order to own more fans.”中“well-known”（出名的）和“fans”（粉丝）可推断，这里的Internet celebrity是网络名人的意思，故选B。
29．A 【解析】细节理解题。根据“This group prefers WeChat over Sina Weibo”可知，A选项“这群人更喜欢微信而不是新浪微博”是正确的；根据“people who are neither too active nor visible”可知，B选项“这个团体既活跃又可见”是错误的；根据“ They can’t express themselves well but at least they make sure to protect their personal information”可知，C选项“潜伏者没有足够的知识来保证他们的个人信息在网上的安全。”是错误的。故选A。
30．C【解析】主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了网络社交媒体上的四类人，所以这篇文章是描述社交媒体用户的四种性格类型，故选C。
Passage 62【2020•湖南省邵阳市】



Have you ever visited the Forbidden City? This year is its 600th birthday. It is the world's largest palace and has over 17 million visitors every year. But if we traveled back to the past, we probably wouldn't be allowed inside.
In the past, all buildings in Beijing were low except the Forbidden City. From outside, ordinary（普通的）people could only imagine what it looked like inside.
The Forbidden City takes up 720, 000 square meters in the heart of Beijing. It was built from 1406 to 1420 by the third emperor of the Ming Dynasty, the Yongle Emperor. Afer that, it was the living and working place of 14 emperors of the Ming Dynasty and 10 emperors of the Qing Dynasty.
During those times, the Forbidden City was where the country's supreme power（最高权力）could be found. Emperors were born, lived, fought and died there. It saw the highs and lows of the Ming and Qing dynasties, and it plays a very important part in Chinese history.
The cultural relics（遗物）and documents（文件）in the palace show how the royal families lived. They are still used today for historical research, as well as inspiration for literature（文学）and entertainment（娱乐）.
In 1987, the Forbidden City was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site. For world leaders who visit China, it has become a must-see. In 2017, when US President Donald Trump paid a state visit to China President Xi Jinping and his wife Peng Liyuan welcomed Trump and his wife there.
31．The Forbidden City was built _________.
A．in1406 B．in 1420 C．from 1406 to 1420
32．Why does the Forbidden City play an important role in Chinese history?
A．Because it saw the highs and lows of the Ming and Qing dynasties.
B．Because it was the place where the emperors were born and grew up.
C．Because it is the place people want to visit most.
33．__________can show how the royal families lived in the Forbidden City.
A．The pictures of the Forbidden City
B．The cultural relics and the documents in the palace
C．The buildings in Beijing
34．What does the underlined word“must-see”mean in Chinese?
A．一定看见 B．一定明白 C．必看之地
35．What does the passage mainly talk about?
A．The Forbidden City.
B．The emperors of the Ming and Qing dynasties.
C．The life of royal families.

这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了紫禁城的历史、文化和观光价值。
31．C【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段“It was built from 1406 to 1420 by the third emperor of the Ming Dynasty, the Yongle Emperor”可知紫禁城建于1406年到1420年，故选C。
32．A【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段“It saw the highs and lows of the Ming and Qing dynasties, and it plays a very important part in Chinese history”它见证了明朝和清朝的起起落落，所以在中国历史上有重要作用。故选A。
33．B【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“The cultural relics（遗物）and documents（文件）in the palace show how the royal families lived”可知遗物和文件显示皇室的居住情况。故选B。
34．C【解析】词义猜测题。根据“In 1987, the Forbidden City was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site. For world leaders who visit China”可知must-see此处表示“必看之地”。故选C。
35．A【解析】主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了紫禁城的历史、文化和观光价值，可概括为The Forbidden City。故选A。
Passage 63【2020•湖南省永州市】
Impressions of Yongzhou
Yongzhou, whose neighbours are Guangdong and Guangxi, lies in the south of Hunan Province. It covers an area of 22,441 km2. There are 620 million people living here. If you want to come and take a trip. Mount Jiuyi and Liuzi Temple are two of the must-see places of interest. Don't miss the delicious food: Daozhou Grey Goose, Dong’ an Chicken, and Yongzhou Blood Duck. Welcome to Yongzhou!



1．Where is Yongzhou?
A．In the south of Hunan. B．In the south of Guangdong. C．In the south of Guangxi.
2．You can enjoy the Yongzhou food without ________.
A．Dong'an Chicken B．Daozhou Grey Goose C．Beijing Duck

这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍永州的地理位置、人口、名胜古迹和美食。
1．A【解析】细节理解题。根据“Yongzhou, whose neighbours are Guangdong and Guangxi, lies in the south of Hunan Province”可知永州位于湖南省的南部，临近广州和广西。故选A。
2．C【解析】细节理解题。根据“Don't miss the delicious food: Daozhou Grey Goosc, Dong’ an Chicken, and Yongzhou Blood Duck”可知不包括C选项Beijing Duck。故选C。
Passage 64【2020•湖南省张家界市】
You send a photo to your friend face to face through your 4G mobile phone. He or she can receive it at once. But actually, the photo has to go to the base station first. The base station then sends it to your friend. When you use 5G, the photo will not go to a base station. It will go directly (直接地) to your friend's mobile phone. Your friend receives the photo much faster. This is D2D technology.
27. You ________ when you use 4G.
A. can't send a photo to your friend
B. can send a photo to your friend directly
C. can't send a photo to your friend directly
28. How is photo sent when you use 5G?
A. phone→phone B. phone→phone→base station C. phone→base station→phone
29. Which one is right about 5G?
A. It is not convenient. B. It is much faster. C. It doesn't use D2D technology.
30. What is the text mainly about?
A. D2D technology. B. 4G mobile phone. C. 5G mobile phone.
文章介绍了使用4G发送图片时，图片是先发送到基站，然后再发送给朋友；而如果使用5G的话就不需要到基站，会直接发送给朋友，这就是D2D技术。
27.C【解析】细节理解题。根据文中You send a photo to your friend face to face through your 4G mobile phone. He or she can receive it at once. But actually, the photo has to go to the base station first. The base station then sends it to your friend.可知，如果使用4G给朋友发送图片话，不会直接发送给朋友，而是要经过基站，再发送给朋友，故选C。
28.A【解析】细节理解题。根据文中When you use 5G, the photo will not go to a base station. It will go directly (直接地) to your friend’s mobile phone.可知，如果使用5G发送图片的话，直接就会发送给朋友，不用经过基站，故选A。
29.B【解析】细节理解题。根据文中Your friend receives the photo much faster.可知，使用5G会更快，故选B。
30.A【解析】主旨大意题。根据整个文章的理解可知，主要是通过对比4G和5G发送图片的快慢来说明D2D技术，故选A。
2020年中考真题英语分项汇编

（一）【2020 •贵州省安顺市中考】
In the town of Lampang in northern Thailand, there is an unusual group of musicians. They play many different kinds of music—from traditional Thai songs to music by Beethoven. Both children and adults love this group. What makes them so popular? Is it their music? Their looks? Yes, it's both of these things, but it's also something else：they're elephants.
These musical elephants are from the Thai Elephant Conservation Center （TECC）in Lampang. The TECC protects elephants. It teaches people to understand and care for these huge, but gentle, animals. And, like many zoos around the world, the TECC encourages elephants to paint.
Richard Lair works with the TECC. He knew that elephants hear better than they see. So he had an idea：if elephants are intelligent and they have good hearing, maybe they can play music. To test his idea, Lair and a friend started the Thai Elephant Orchestra. During a performance, the elephants play a variety of instruments, including the drums and the xylophone. The animals also use their voices and trunks to make sounds.
But can elephants really make music properly? Yes, says Lair. they’re very creative. Humans may encourage the animals to play instruments, but the elephants make their own songs；they don't just copy their trainers or other people. There are now CDs of the group's music, which make money for the TECC. And the music these artists create is pretty amazing.
46. What can be the best title for the passage?
A. Musical Elephants
B. An Introduction to the TECC
C. Richard Lair's Achievements
47. What does the underlined word "them" refer to in the passage?
A. Musicians. B. Children. C. Adults.
48. What can be inferred（推断） from the passage the passage ?
A. Richard Lair started the Thai Elephant Orchestra by himself.
B. The elephants in the TECC can only play traditional Thai songs.
C. The CDs of the Thai Elephant Orchestra are popular with people.
49. The writer wrote this passage to _______.
A. ask people to save the elephants
B. invite more people to join the TECC
C. introduce the elephants' special talents to people
50. Where can we most probably read this passage?
A. A medical newspaper.
B. An animal magazine
C. A story book
【文章大意】本文介绍了在泰国北部一个非常受欢迎的大象乐队。它们演奏不同种类的音乐。大象非常聪明，它们也会画画。它们非常有创造性，会创作自己的音乐。
46.A【解析】最佳标题。根据第一段最后一句“they're elephants.”以及第二段到第四段对大象乐队的介绍可知，本文主要介绍的是大象乐队，因此A选项最符合本文标题。故选A。
47.A【解析】词义推断题。them指代的复数人称，them以及第一段第二句中的they指代内容相同，指代的是文章第一句“In the town of Lampang in northern Thailand, there is an unusual group of musicians.”中的musicians“音乐人”。故选A。
48.C【解析】推理判断题。根据“There are now CDs of the group's music, which make money for the TECC.”可知大象乐队有自己的CD，这些CD让TECC赚钱，因此可推测，它们的CD是很受欢迎的。故选C。
49.C【解析】推理判断题。根据“…there is an unusual group of musicians.”和“And the music these artists create is pretty amazing.”可知全文围绕大象的音乐才能展开的，因此文章主要是向人们介绍大象在音乐方面的特殊才能。故选C。
50.B【解析】推理判断题。A医学报纸；B动物杂志；C故事书。本文介绍的是大象特殊的音乐才能，因此B选项最符合。故选B。
（二）【2020 •贵州省黔东南州中考】

The summer vacation is coming. During the vacation, you can do what you like and prepare yourself well for the future. You'll enjoy your summer vacation with the help of the following suggestions.
▲Take exercise. After studying hard for months, you must be bored and tired. Taking exercise is the best way to get energy again. Swimming and walking are perfect choices for you. All kinds of exercise are good for your health.
▲Master some basic life skills. You will live an independent life one day. Therefore, you should learn some necessary and useful basic life skills such as washing clothes and cooking. At the same time, you should help your parents with housework to express thanks to them.
▲Go travelling. The world is a book. Those who don't travel only read one page. Travelling is so interesting. Have you made your own plan? If not, do it at once. During the trip, you will have a chance to get more knowledge. While learning about different cultures and customs, you will also make a lot of friends.
▲Enjoy the time with family members. Family members play an important role in your life. They give you love, care and support all the time. Don't forget to spare some time together with them. You will find it great to stay with them, talking about dreams, hobbies or anything you like.
As long as you follow the suggestions mentioned above, you will have a wonderful vacation.
61. How many suggestions are mentioned in the passage?
A. Three. B. Four. C. Five. D. Six.
62. Which is the best way to get energy according to the passage?
A. Swimming. B. Walking. C. Taking exercise. D. Rum
63. Why should we learn basic life skills?
A. Because we will live an independent life one day.
B. Because we like to share housework with our family.
C. Because we don't want to express our thanks.
D. Because doing housework is difficult for us.
64. How does the writer think of travelling?
A. He thinks it's tiring. B. He thinks it's interesting.
C. He thinks it's terrible. D. He thinks it's boring.
65. The material mainly tells us ________.
A. the suggestions about basic life skills B. the suggestions about taking exercise
C. the suggestions about summer vacation D. the suggestions about travelling
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了几种充分享受美好暑假时光的建议，包括锻炼身体、掌握一些基本的生活技能、旅游和陪伴家人。
61.B【解析】细节理解题。根据 “▲Take exercise. ”，“▲Master some basic life skills. ”，“▲Go travelling. ”，“▲Enjoy the time with family members.”可知，文中给出了4条建议，故选B。
62.C【解析】细节理解题。根据“Taking exercise is the best way to get energy again” 锻炼是恢复精力的最好方法，可知，C符合题意，故选C。
63.A【解析】细节理解题。根据“You will live an independent life one day. Therefore, you should learn some necessary and useful basic life skills…”总有一天你会过上独立的生活。因此，你应该学习一些必要和有用的基本生活技能，可知，学习基本的生活技能的原因是因为总有一天我们会独立生活。故选A。
64.B【解析】细节理解题。根据“Travelling is so interesting” 旅行是如此有趣，可知，作者认为旅行很有趣，故选B。
65.C【解析】主旨大意题。根据“ You'll enjoy your summer vacation with the help of the following suggestions.” 在以下建议的帮助下，你会享受你的暑假，可知，本文主要讲的是享受美好暑假时光的建议。故选C。
（三）【2020 •贵州省黔东南州中考】
AI(人工智能)makes our lives easier and better. Let's see the amazing AI.
Cool driverless bus
A bus door opens and you get on. Wait! Where is the driver? Here is a new kind of driverless bus called Apolong. It has 14 seats and doesn't need a driver. The bus follows traffic rules. It stops as soon as it sees a stop light.
Your close friend
Hi, everyone. I'm Xiaobing, a chatbot (聊天机器人). I speak like a 17—year—old girl. If you feel lonely, you can talk with me. I'm talented at singing, writing poems and telling stories. I want to be your friend!
World's first AI anchor (主播)
Hey, look! The famous Chinese anchor Qiu Hao is reporting the news for us. But, is "he" really Qiu Hao? The answer is "no". This is the world's first Al anchor. It looks and speaks just like a real person. It can work 24 hours and doesn't make any mistakes. You might see it on TV soon.
Popular AI artist
This beautiful painting was at an auction(拍卖)in 2020. The painting is worth about 3, 000000 yuan! But it is not a work by a famous painter, such as Vincent van Gogh. It was painted by an AI arts. Three Frenchmen created the Al artist It studied over 15, 000 paintings. In this way, it learned to paint.
66. The fact about Apolong is that ________.
A. the bus door can't open itself B. it stops as soon as it sees a stop light
C. there are 24 seats in it D. it doesn't follow the traffic rules
67. Xiaobing can NOT ________.
A. go out to play with you B. talk with you if you feel lonely
C. sing D. be your friend
68. The painting ________.
A. was at an auction in 2019
B. is worth about 3, 000, 000 yuan at an auction
C. is a work painted by Vincent van Gogh
D. was studied by three French artists over 15, 000 times
69. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. AI makes our lives harder and worse.
B. This new kind of driverless bus also needs a driver to control it.
C. Xiaobing is a 17—year—old girl.
D. The AI anchor can work 24 hours and doesn't make any mistakes.
70. We can probably read the passage in ________.
A. a storybook B. a notice C. a newspaper D. a novel
【文章大意】本文介绍了四种人工智能产品。
66.B【解析】细节理解题。根据It stops as soon as it sees a stop light，可知，它每次看到红绿灯都会停下来。故选B。
67.A【解析】细节理解题。根据If you feel lonely, you can talk with me. I'm talented at singing, writing poems and telling stories. I want to be your friend，可知，聊天机器人可以聊天，可以唱歌，写诗和讲故事，也可以成为你的朋友。结合所给选项，只有A选项不可以做。故选A。
68.B【解析】细节理解题。根据This beautiful painting was at an auction(拍卖)in 2020. The painting is worth about 3, 000000 yuan，可知，这幅油画在2020年的一次拍卖会上价值约300000元。故选B。
69.D【解析】推理判断题。根据AI(人工智能)makes our lives easier and better，可知，人工智能使我们的生活更好更简单，所以A选项错误。根据It has 14 seats and doesn't need a driver，可知，无人驾驶公交车不需要司机，所以B选项错误。根据I speak like a 17—year—old girl，可知，Xiaobing像一个17岁的女孩一样说话，所以C选项错误。根据It can work 24 hours and doesn't make any mistakes，可知，人工智能主播可以工作24小时，并不犯任何错误，所以D选项正确。故选D。
【解析】推理判断题。根据AI(人工智能)makes our lives easier and better. Let's see the amazing AI，可知，本文介绍了四种人工智能产品，结合所给选项，这篇文章我们最可能会在报纸上看到。故选C。
（四）【2020 •湖南省常德市中考】
What are coronaviruses? Coronaviruses were discovered in the 1960s. They are a group of viruses that cause diseases in mammals and birds. In humans, coronaviruses cause respiratory tract infections.
The new coronavirus. At the end of 2019, a new type of coronavirus started spreading in China. This type of coronavirus is often called 2019-nCoV, novel coronavirus, or COVID-19. It is believed that the virus was transmitted from animals to humans. Some of the first cases were diagnosed in people who had visited a market selling live seafood and animals. Unfortunately, when viruses are transmitted from animals to people it can take scientists a lot of time before they can develop a vaccine or medicines to cure it.
How does the virus spread? The virus appears to spread mainly from person to person. The transmission occurs when someone comes into contact with an infected person. For example, a cough, a sneeze or a handshake could cause transmission. The spread may also be caused by coming into contact with something an infected person has touched and then touching your mouth, nose or eyes.
virus 病毒 mammal 哺乳动物 respiratory 呼吸的 infection 感染
transmit 传染 case 病例 diagnose 诊断 cure 治愈 occur 发生
contact 接触

1. When were coronaviruses discovered?
A. In the 1960s. B. In the 1970s. C. In the 1980s.
2. Where did the new coronaviruses start spreading at the end of 2019?
A. In China. B. In America. C. All over the world.
3. Is it easy for the doctors to cure COVID-19?
A. Yes, it is. B. No, it isn’t. C. Not mentioned.
4. How many ways are mentioned for the spread of the new coronaviruses?
A. 1 B. 2. C. 3.
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。主要讲了三方面的内容：1.什么是冠状病毒？2.新型冠状病毒；3.病毒是如何传播的？
1.A【解析】细节理解题。根据“ Coronaviruses were discovered in the 1960s.”可知，冠状病毒是在20世纪60年代发现的。故选A。
2.A【解析】细节理解题。根据“At the end of 2019, a new type of coronavirus started spreading in China.”可知，2019年底，新型冠状病毒开始在中国蔓延，故选A。
3.B【解析】细节理解题。根据“Unfortunately, when viruses are transmitted from animals to people，it can take scientists a lot of time before they can develop a vaccine or medicines to cure it.”（不幸的是，当病毒从动物传播给人类时，科学家要花很长时间才能研制出治疗病毒的疫苗或药物。）可知，文中提到专家研制治疗病毒的疫苗或药物需要很长时间,故不容易治疗，选B。
4.B【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段的内容可知，病毒人传人的方式有两种：1.与被感染者接触；2.接触了被感染者接触过的东西。故选B。
（五）【2020 •湖南省常德市中考】


Things You Can Do In One Second To Make Your Life Happier
One second. That’s all it takes to make your life happier. △ Then check out this list of things you can do in a single second. That will bring more happiness into your life every day.
Give a great big smile.
Look for an easy way to make your life happier. Smile more. Smiling can help you feel better instantly. And it can be contagious. So give a smile to a total stranger on the street. Or if you’re sad, angry, or annoyed about something, choose to smile and laugh it off instead.
Take a deep breath.
Deep breathing is one of the best ways to reduce stress and bring balance back into your life. And it only takes a second. Take some time out each day to focus on nothing except your breath. You’ll find your life becomes happier, healthier, and less stressful.
Take a sip of water.
It’s no surprise that drinking water is good for your health. Try keeping a water bottle with you wherever you go, and take a second to drink water a couple times every hour. Drinking water can help keep you hydrated, control calories, filter your kidneys, and keep healthy skin.
Give thanks.
Happy people have this in common: They are grateful for all the good things in their lives. This means that to make your life happier, take a few minutes each day and count your blessings. Say “Thank you” more often. Show your appreciation when good things come your way.
instantly 立刻 balance 平衡 focus 集中 hydrated 含水的
calorie 热量 filter 过滤 kidney 肾脏 skin 皮肤 grateful 感激
blessing 福分 appreciate 感激

9. Which can best replace “ △ ” in the passage?
A. Do you think so? B. Don’t believe it? C. Am I right?
10. What does the word “contagious” mean in Chinese?
A. 充满希望的 B. 滑稽的 C. 有感染力的
11. What can you do to keep healthy skin?
A. Take deep breath. B. Drink some water. C. Give thanks.
12. Which “second” in the following has the same meaning as in the passage?
A. Downstairs, on the second floor, Michael served Mona breakfast.
B. The gun was fired and Beaton was wounded a second time.
C. Can you just lift the table for a second?
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一秒钟内做的事情就能让生活更快乐的方法。
9.B【解析】题意：填入文中空格处的最佳选项是什么？
推理判断题。根据上文One second. That’s all it takes to make your life happier可知，根据常识可知，一秒钟通常做不了什么事情，故此处说的一秒钟就能让生命更快乐，这一说法让人很难相信。B选项Don’t believe it?“不相信吗？”符合题意，故选B。
10.C【解析】题意：单词“contagious”的中文意思是什么？
词句猜测题。根据第二段中" Smiling can help you feel better instantly."可知微笑能让你立即感觉很好，根据下文“And it can be contagious. So give a smile to a total stranger on the street.”可知，笑容是会传染，所以在街上遇到陌生人也应该多笑一笑。C选项“有感染力的”符合题意，故选C。
11.B【解析】题意：你能做什么来保持皮肤健康？
细节理解题。根据原文“Drinking water can help keep you hydrated, control calories, filter your kidneys, and keep healthy skin.”可知，喝水可以保持皮肤健康。B选项Drink some water“喝水”符合题意，故选B。
12.C【解析】题意：本文中“second”的意思与下列哪一项的“second”意思相同？
词句猜测题。原文中“second”的意思是“一秒钟”，C选项Can you just lift the table for a second?“你能把桌子抬一下吗？”其中，second意为“一秒钟”，故选C。
（六）【2020 •湖南省常德市中考】



Happy, Happy Chinese New Year by Demi Hitz
In a book that is itself a celebration, Demi explains the ideas behind the Chinese New Year festival. The last 15 days of the old year are spent cleaning and preparing (Wash your hair and get a new haircut. Pay the debts that you owe and collect what is owed to you!). On the eve of the new moon, a special feast is prepared… The first 15 days of the New Year are spent celebrating with lion dances, firecrackers, and other activities.
Demi has long been interested in Eastern art and philosophy, which inspired her to create this book about the Chinese New Year celebration. She has written and illustrated more than 20 books for children, including The Empty Pot, Gandhi, and Kites: Magic Wishes that Fly Up to the Sky.
Chinese New Year for Kids by Cindy Roberts
Chinese New Year for Kids is a full color book with beautiful, Chinese illustrations. This is a hands-on workbook for parents and teachers, written for children from ages 3 to 12 years old, for use in the classroom or at home. Children will enjoy the Chinese New Year party ideas, dragon dances, lion dances, art projects, and Chinese games.
The art projects for Chinese New Year are designed to be easy, as well as inexpensive to reproduce for large groups. All the activities in this book have been tested in the classroom, with very successful results, and have caused lots of enthusiasm from children and teachers alike. Music, physical movement, art, and food all add to the ambiance of taking an imaginary trip to China during the Chinese New Year.
debt 债 owe 欠 feast 宴会 philosophy 哲学
illustrate 插图 design 设计 enthusiasm 热情 ambiance 气氛
17. What is “Happy, Happy Chinese New Year”?
A. A book. B. A celebration. C. A festival.
18. What do Chinese usually do before the New Year?
A. They usually have a big meal every day.
B. They are busy cleaning and preparing.
C. They are celebrating with activities.
19. Who will most likely read the books by Demi?
A. Children from western countries.
B. Students from China.
C. Indian Children.
20. What will the readers most probably do after reading “Chinese New Year for Kids”?
A. They will join to write more books about China.
B. They will have a strong wish to visit China during Chinese New Year.
C. They will enjoy the Chinese New Year party ideas, dragon and lion dances.
【文章大意】本文介绍了两本关于介绍中国新年的书籍。
17.A【解析】细节理解题。根据文中“Happy, Happy Chinese New Year by Demi Hitz；In a book that is itself a celebration, Demi explains the ideas behind the Chinese New Year festival.”可知，Happy, Happy Chinese New Year是由黛米·希茨所写的一本书。故选A。
18.B【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中“The last 15 days of the old year are spent cleaning and preparing”可知，在新年到来之前，中国人忙着打扫和准备。故选B。
19.A【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段中“Demi has long been interested in Eastern art and philosophy, which inspired her to create this book about the Chinese New Year celebration.”可知，黛米一直对东方艺术和哲学感兴趣，这本书是关于中国新年庆典的，而且她还写了其他面向孩子的书，所以西方的孩子们最有可能阅读这本书，去了解中国的春节。故选A。
20.B【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Music, physical movement, art, and food all add to the ambiance of taking an imaginary trip to China during the Chinese New Year.”可知，音乐，身体运动，艺术和食物都增加了在中国新年期间去中国旅行的氛围，所以当作者读了这本书以后，他们将有一个强烈的愿望，在春节期间访问中国。故选B。
（七）【2020 •山东省德州市中考】

How did people tell the time before clocks were invented?
At first, the ancient people looked up at the sun and could tell it was the middle of the day when the sun was directly overhead in the sky. They also knew when it was morning or evening.
Later, the Egyptians used sticks. These sticks measured (测量) time during the day. The sun shone on the tall stick and the stick made a shadow (阴影). As the sun moved across the sky, the position (位置) of the shadow changed. This would let people tell what time it was.
Over time, the Chinese first used sundials instead of shadow sticks. The sundial has a type of shadow stick on it. As the sun shines on it, a shadow appears on the numbers. Each number stands for an hour of the day. But sundials don't work at night or on a cloudy day! There are no shadows unless the sun is out.
Water clocks used water to measure time at night. Water dripped (滴落) slowly from one bowl into another. The level of the water in the bowls showed the time.
People also used sand-glasses. You may have seen one. Some games still use sand-glasses. The sand falls from the top of the sand-glasses to the bottom. It measures short amounts of the time. The more sand falls, the more time has passed. When the sand has finished falling, you have to turn the sand-glasses over.
11. At first, the ancient people told the time by looking at ________.
A. the stick B. the shadow C. the sun D. the moon
12. Which picture can be a "sundial"?
A. B. C. D.
13. Sundials can be used to tell the time when it is ________.
A. sunny B. rainy C. cloudy D. snowy
14. Which is right according to the passage?
A. Sticks measured time in Egypt day and night. B. Sundials were first used in ancient Egypt.
C. Sand-glasses usually measure a long time. D. The water clock told the time by the water level in the bowls.
15. What's the main idea of the passage?
A. Something about sundials. B. How to tell the time by looking at the sun.
C. How to tell the time in the past. D. Some inventions in China.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了在钟表发明出来之前，人们都是利用什么来计时和看时间。
11.C【解析】细节理解题。根据“At first, the ancient people looked up at the sun and could tell it was the middle of the day when the sun was directly overhead in the sky”可知起初古代人是通过看太阳来计算时间的，故选C。
12.B【解析】推理判断题。根据“The sundial has a type of shadow stick on it. As the sun shines on it, a shadow appears on the numbers”，可知日晷有一根阴影棒，太阳照射后阴影会出现在数字上，根据图片所示，可判断是B图，故选B。
13.A【解析】细节理解题。根据“But sundials don't work at night or on a cloudy day! There are no shadows unless the sun is out”，可知必须要有太阳，故选A。
14.D【解析】判断正误题。根据“These sticks measured (测量) time during the day”，可知小棍子只在白天测量时间，晚上不行，A选项表述错误，排除；根据“Over time, the Chinese first used sundials instead of shadow sticks”，可知是中国人率先使用日晷，而不是埃及人，B选项表述错误，排除；根据“The sand falls from the top of the sand-glasses to the bottom. It measures short amounts of the time”，可知沙漏只能测量短的时间，而不是长的时间，C选项表述错误，排除；根据“The level of the water in the bowls showed the time”，可知水时钟是通过水平面来展示时间的，D选项表述正确，故选D。
15.C【解析】文章主旨题。通读全文，可知文章主要介绍了在钟表发明出来之前，人们都是利用什么来计时和看时间的，故选C。
（八）【2020•山东省泰安市中考】
If you walk along the River Thames, there are lots of interesting buildings to see. Running through the heart of London, there are also many galleries, markets, shops and activities to keep you busy along its banks. You will also see a strange round building. It looks very old and very different from all the others, This is Shakespeare’s Globe Theatre(莎士比亚环球剧场).
The Globe Theatre was first built here in 1599. William Shakespeare was one of the most famous writers that ever lived. His plays were performed in the theatre for many years. However, in 1613, a fire broke out during a performance. The theatre was destroyed(毁坏), but the second was built the following year. It remained a theatre until 1644, and then it was pulled down to build houses. The modern（and also the third）Globe Theatre was completed in 1997, over 350 years later. This was done to honor Shakespeare, the most famous English writer. To this day, his many plays are performed there daily. He wrote around thirty-eight plays. They are comedies（funny stories）, histories（about historical events and people）, and tragedies（serious and sad stories）. People come from all over the world to watch them at the Globe Theatre. They are performed in exactly the same way as they were hundreds of years ago.
The building is round and made mostly of wood. There are simple seats on three different levels all around the sides. Everyone can see the stage(舞台). However, there is no roof(屋顶) in the middle! The cheapest tickets are standing tickets. You stand in the middle, right in front of the actors, but if it rains, you will get wet!
18. When was the second Globe Theatre built?
A. In 1599. B. In 1613. C. In 1614. D. In 1997.
19. What can we know about Shakespeare according to the second paragraph?
A. Shakespeare was one of the most famous French writers.
B. Many of his plays are performed daily in the modern Globe Theatre.
C. His plays are performed in a different way from they were hundreds of years ago.
D. He wrote thirty-eight plays that were all about historical events and people.
20. What does the last paragraph mainly tell us?
A. The inside structure(结构) of Shakespeare’s Globe Theatre.
B. The history of Shakespeare’s Globe Theatre.
C. The opening time of Shakespeare’s Globe Theatre.
D. The three types of tickets that you can choose.
21. Which of the following statements about the modern Globe Theatre is TRUE?
A. It has remained there for over 350 years.
B. The round building looks old and strange.
C. It is made mostly of wood and has a round roof in the middle.
D. If we buy the cheapest tickets in the theatre, we will be farthest from the stage.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了位于伦敦的莎士比亚环球剧院。
18.C【解析】题意：第二个环球剧院是什么时候建成的？
细节理解题。根据原文However, in 1613, a fire broke out during a performance. The theatre was destroyed(毁坏), but the second was built the following year可知，1613年环球剧院被烧毁，第二年第二个环球剧院被建成。由此可知第二个环球剧院1614年被建成。C选项In 1614“在1614年”符合题意，故选C。
19.B【解析】题意：根据本文第二段的内容，我们能了解到关于莎士比亚的什么事情？
细节理解题。根据原文To this day, his many plays are performed there daily可知，直到今天，他的许多戏剧每天都在那里上演。B选项Many of his plays are performed daily in the modern Globe Theatre“他的许多戏剧每天都在最新的环球剧院上演”符合题意，故选B。
20.A【解析】题意：本文最后一段主要告诉我们什么？
主旨大意题。通读最后一段可知，本段主要描述了环球剧院的内部结构。A选项The inside structure(结构) of Shakespeare’s Globe Theatre“莎士比亚环球剧院的内部结构”符合题意，故选A。
21.B【解析】题意：以下关于最新环球剧院的说法中哪一项是正确的？
细节理解题。根据原文The modern（and also the third）Globe Theatre was completed in 1997, over 350 years later可知，最新的这座莎士比亚环球剧院是在1997年建成的，A选项“它（最新的这座莎士比亚环球剧院）已经在那里矗立了350多年了”说法错误，可排除。根据原文However, there is no roof(屋顶) in the middle可知，C选项“它大部分是用木头做的，中间有一个圆形屋顶”说法错误，可排除。根据原文The cheapest tickets are standing tickets. You stand in the middle可知，最便宜的票是站票，可以站在建筑物的中央，离演员很近，D选项“如果我们在剧院买最便宜的票，我们将离舞台最远”说法错误，可排除。根据原文You will also see a strange round building. It looks very old and very different from all the others, This is Shakespeare’s Globe Theatre可知，最新的这座莎士比亚环球剧院是一个看起来很旧、很奇怪的圆形建筑，B选项“这座圆形建筑看上去既陈旧又奇怪”符合题意，故选B。
（九）【2020•四川省乐山市中考】
Services > Using your Card
Library Cards are free to all people in California. They allow you to borrow books, magazines, CDs, and DVDs from our library. They also allow you to use the computers at the library.
Click here to apply for（申请）a Card.
★You must show your photo ID in person at the library.
★You must come to the library to receive a Card or change an expired（到期的）Card yourself. Library Cards expire after four years.
★You can always update（更新）your address, phone number and email online.
★Tell us immediately if your Card is lost or stolen.
Cards for kids and teens
The signature（签名）of a parent is needed for children（aged 13 and under）. The parent must also provide a photo ID. Teens（aged 14 to 17）use the process（流程）. However, teens who already have their own photo ID can apply without a parent's signature.
Borrowing materials（材料）
A Library Card allows you to borrow 25 things at most. You can keep each borrowed thing for more than 60 days.
If things are not returned in 60 days you should pay for them. The fine for books and magazines is $1.00 each per day. The fine for CDs and DVDs is $2.00 each per day.
31. Where can you probably find the passage?
A. In a magazine. B. On a website. C. In a story book.
32. You don't have to go to the library when you want to ____________.
A. receive a Card B. borrow a magazine C. update your information
33. If you receive your Library Card on July 21, 2020, when will the Card be out-of-date?
A. On November 21, 2020. B. On July 21, 2023. C. On July 21, 2024.
34. If you are over 17 years old, what do you need to apply for a Card?
A. Your own photo ID. B. The Card of your parent. C. Your parent's signature.
35. If you fail to return the borrowed CDs within 60 days, how much should you pay for them every day?
A. $1.00 each. B. $2.00 each. C. $3.00 each.
【文章大意】这是一说明文，本文介绍了申请图书证的方法以及使用图书证借书所遵循的规则。
31.B【解析】推理判断题。文章主要介绍了申请图书证的方法以及使用图书证借书所遵循的规则，根据“Click here”点击此处，可知这篇文章来自某个网站。故选B。
32.C【解析】细节理解题。根据“You must come to the library to receive a Card or change an expired Card yourself”，可知你必须自己到图书馆去接收图书证或更换到期的图书证，排除 A选项。根据常识，借杂志也是必须要去图书馆，排除B选项。文中并未提及必须要到图书馆更新信息，更新信息在线即可完成。故选C 。
33.C【解析】推理判断题。根据“Library Cards expire after four years”，可知，图书证四年后到期。如果在2020年7 月21日收到了图书证，这张图书证会在2024年7月 21日到期。故选C。
34.A【解析】细节理解题。根据“The signature of a parent is needed for children (aged 13 and under). The parent must also provide photo ID. Teens (aged 14 to17) use the same process”可知，超过17岁想申请一张图书证，只需自己带照片的证件，而不需要父母的证件。故选A。
35.B【解析】细节理解题。根据最后“The fine for CDs and DVDs is $2.00 each per day.”如果在60天以内没有归还借的CD，每天需要付2美元。故选B。
（十）【2020•四川省乐山市中考】
Do you know 5G? It is the fifth generation（代）of mobile network technology. These new networks are coming.
China just issued commercial licenses（发放商用牌照）for 5G on June 6, 2019. This means that China's telecom companies will be able to offer 5G networks for mobile phone users.
Each mobile network generation is faster and more powerful than the one before it. 1G let us talk to each other. 2G let us send messages. 3G gave us data（数据）and the Internet. And 4G made all of these things faster. What's special about 5G?
5G has a very short delay between sending and receiving information. Now, 4G takes about 100 to 200 milliseconds（毫秒）to send and receive data. But 5G will get it down to 1 millisecond or less-this is almost real-time.
'This big change will not only make our mobile Internet faster，but also deeply change our lives. Read on to find out how.
5G + entertainment（娱乐）
5G networks are about 100 times faster than 4G. This means you can download a movie in seconds using 5G.
Also, virtual reality（VR）games will become more popular with 5G. The short delay of 5G will make the games feel even more real.
5G + transport
5C will also bring us safer self-driving cars. These cars can send signals（信号）to each other. They also talk to traffic lights and road sensors（传感器）. 5G will allow cars to react（反应）even faster than human drivers.
5G + smart homes
5G also makes the Internet of things possible. Internet of things is a large network that connects everything to the Internet. Smart homes are part of it.
For example, your toaster can automatically（自动地）start making breakfast after your alarm rings. And if its sensor feels the air becoming dry, a smart sprinkler（洒水器）could water your plants by itself.
41. What's the writer's purpose in writing the third paragraph?
A. To explain 5G is the best of all.
B. To share his knowledge about 5G.
C. To encourage people to use the new network technology.
D. To show the development of mobile network technology.
42. What does the underlined word “delay” in paragraph 4 mean in Chinese?
A. 卡顿 B. 延时 C. 暂停 D. 掉线
43. Which of the following ways is not mentioned that 5G will change people's lives?
A. Health care B. Entertainment. C. Transport. D. Smart homes.
44. What will people do possibly with 5G according to the passage?
A. Download a movie in minutes.
B. Put everything onto the Internet.
C. Make self-driving cars safer.
D. Make food more easily and faster.
45. What's the main idea of the passage?
A. 5G will change our lives in many ways.
B. Mobile networks are changing for better.
C. 5G will make the Internet of things possible.
D. 5G networks for mobile phone users are coming.
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了5G网络的便捷，同时指出5G网络在娱乐，交通以及智能家庭方面给人们生活带来的改变。
41.D【解析】推理判断题。根据“Each mobile network generation is faster and more powerful than the one before it. 1G let us talk to each other. 2G let us send messages. 3G gave us data（数据）and the Internet. And 4G made all of these things faster. What's special about 5G”可知此处1G、2G、3G、4G以及5G，显示了手机网络的发展和变化。故选D。
42.B【解析】词义猜测题。根据第四段“Now, 4G takes about 100 to 200 milliseconds to send and receive data. But 5G will get it down to 1 millisecond or less —this is almost real-time.”可知4G 网络用100-200毫秒收发数据，但是5G网络用不了一毫秒就能收发信息，真的很快了。所以5G在接收发送信息只有很短的延迟。delay表示“延迟”。故选B。
43.A【解析】细节理解题。根据文中“This big change will not only make our mobile Internet faster, but also deeply change our lives. Read on to find out how”以及文中介绍5G+entertainment，5G+transportation，5G+smart homes可知没有介绍5G对健康的改变，故选A。
44.C【解析】细节理解题。根据“5G networks are about 100 times faster than 4G. This means you can download a movie in seconds using 5G.”在几秒钟就可以下载电影而不是几分钟，可知A选项表述错误。根据第二个黑色小标题第二句“These cars can send signals to each other. They also talk to traffic lights and road sensors. 5G will allow cars to react even faster than human drivers”可知车辆之间可以发送信号，可以和信号灯和传感器沟通，让轿车反应更快，让驾驶变得更安全，C选项表述正确。根据“Internet of things is a large network that connects everything to the Internet.”把每样事物连接到网络而不是把事物放到网上，可知B选项表述错误。根据“your toaster can automatically start making breakfast after your alarm rings”自动的做饭而不是烹饪食物更容易和更快，可知D选项表述错误。故选C。
45.A【解析】主旨大意题。文章讲解了5G网络的便捷，同时指出在娱乐，交通以及智能家庭方面给人们生活带来的改变。文章主要是介绍5G对我们生活的改变5G will change our lives in many ways。故选A。
（十）【2020•四川省凉山州中考】

China is called the Kingdom of fans. Fans are everywhere in our daily life. But how much do you know about them?
It is said that fans were first used to cool the air during the Shang Dynasty. At that time, they were made of feathers, bamboo or silk. Some of them were round, while others were square.
Folding paper fans first became popular during the Song Dynasty. There were usually beautiful pictures on the fans. Some were mountains and rivers, others were flowers and animals. Many people, including Su Dongpo, a poet of the Song Dynasty, and Tang Bohu, a scholar of the Song Dynasty, even painted and wrote poems on fans. This made the fans into art works. Many rich and important people liked holding fans.
Today, fans are popular gifts. During the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, folding fans were given to leaders and officials from other countries, as well as audience members. While they were having their fans to get cool air, they were also experiencing Chinese culture.
38. The fans were made of different materials except__________ during the Shang Dynasty.
A. paper B. bamboo C. silk D. feathers
39. When did folding fans first become popular?
A. The Shang dynasty. B. The Song Dynasty. C. Today. D. In 2008.
40. What couldn't people see on fans in the Song Dynasty?
A. Mountains B. Animals C. Flowers D. Audience
41. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Fans were first used to cool the air during the Song dynasty.
B. Tang Bohu never wrote or painted on fans.
C. Some fans were round, while others were square during the Shang Dynasty.
D. Folding fans were only given to leaders and officials from China.
42. What's the best title of this passage?
A. The Development of Fans B. The Shapes of Fans
C. When Fans Became Popular D. How Fans Became Art Works
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲了扇子在不同时期的发展、用途以及文化
38.A【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段“At that time, they were made of feathers, bamboo or silk”扇子用羽毛、竹子或者丝绸做成，A选项paper纸张不包括。故选A。
39.B【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段“Folding paper fans first became popular during the Song Dynasty”可知折扇在宋代变得流行。故选B。
40.D【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段“There were usually beautiful pictures on the fans. Some were mountains and rivers, others were flowers and animals”可知扇子上能看到山、河流、花和动物，D选项audience观众不包括。故选D。
41.C【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段“fans were first used to cool the air during the Shang Dynasty” 可知A选项“Song dynasty”表述错误。根据第三段“Tang Bohu, a scholar of the Song Dynasty, even painted and wrote poems on fans” 可知B选项“never wrote or painted” 表述错误。根据第二段“Some of them were round, while others were square” 可知C选项表述正确。根据最后一段“folding fans were given to leaders and officials from other countries, as well as audience members”可知D选项表述错误。故选C。
42.A【解析】标题概括题。文章主要讲了扇子在不同时期的发展、用途以及文化，标题可概括为The Development of Fans。故选A。
（十一）【2020•新疆维吾尔自治区(建设兵团)中考】
文内容,在A、B、C、D四个选项中选择一个正确答案。

Beijing Opera is one of the Chinese traditional drama art forms and the largest Chinese opera form. Having a history of about 200 years, it is developed from many other drama forma, mostly from the local drama "Huiban". It was especially popular in south China during the 18th century.
Theatrical (喜剧的) art forms in many other countries do not have singing, dancing and spoken parts together in one single drama. An opera singer, for example, neither dances nor speaks on stage; there are no singing or dancing parts in a modern play; in a dance drama, the dancer doesn't speak or sing. Traditional Chinese drama, including Beijing Opera, is a kind of entertainment. It includes spoken parts, singing and dancing.
Beijing Opera has spread to many other places. Mei Lanfang, one of the most famous performers of all, was the first to introduce Beijing Opera to foreigners and made highly successful tours to foreign countries.
"You will doubt and sometimes be a little bored, but you will be interested gradually. You will be strongly attracted to Beijing Opera, even if you know nothing about the drama background." This is how one traveler described his first experience in watching Beijing Opera.
Beijing Opera is China's national opera and it is full of Chinese cultural traditions. Welcome to China and enjoy Beijing Opera!
36. Beijing Opera is________.
A. unpopular in north China B. only developed from the local drama "Huiban"
C. a much larger Chinese opera form D. a Chinese traditional drama art form
37. After watching Beijing Opera for the first time, the traveler felt________.
A. busy B. nervous C. interested D. uneasy
38. The underlined word "_it" in the last paragraph means ________.
A. Beijing Opera B. local dramas
C. an opera singer D. a modern play
39. According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. Beijing Opera is a kind of entertainment.
B. An opera singer neither dances nor speaks on stage usually.
C. Only old people are interested in Beijing Opera.
D. Mei Lanfang was the first one to introduce Beijing Opera to foreigners.
40. The main purpose of writing the passage is to ________.
A. ask young people to learn Beijing Opera B. tell us something about Beijing Opera
C. show why Beijing Opera is popular in Europe D. introduce everything about foreign Opera
【文章大意】本文介绍了京剧。京剧是中国传统戏剧艺术形式之一，也是中国最大的戏曲形式。它有着近200年的历史，是在许多其他戏剧形式的基础上发展起来的。京剧，是一种娱乐。它包括说部分，唱歌和跳舞。梅兰芳是第一个把京剧介绍给外国人。
36.D【解析】细节题。根据第1段第1句“Beijing Opera is one of the Chinese traditional drama art forms and the largest Chinese opera form.（京剧是中国传统戏剧艺术形式之一，也是中国最大的戏曲形式。）”可知“京剧是一种中国传统的戏剧艺术形式。”故选D。
37.C【解析】细节题。根据第4段“"You will doubt and sometimes be a little bored, but you will be interested gradually. You will be strongly attracted to Beijing Opera, even if you know nothing about the drama background." This is how one traveler described his first experience in watching Beijing Opera.（“你会怀疑，有时会有点无聊，但你会逐渐感兴趣。即使你对京剧一无所知，你也会被京剧深深吸引。”一位旅行者这样描述他第一次看京剧的经历。）”可知“第一次看京剧后，这位旅行者很感兴趣。”故选C。
38.A【解析】词义推断题。此句“Beijing Opera is China's national opera and it is full of Chinese cultural traditions.”句意是：京剧是中国的民族歌剧，它充满了中国的文化传统。根据句意可知“it”指代“京剧”，故选A。
39.C【解析】细节题。根据第2段第3句“Traditional Chinese drama, including Beijing Opera, is a kind of entertainment.（中国传统戏剧，包括京剧，是一种娱乐。）”可知A正确。根据第2段第2句中“An opera singer, for example, neither dances nor speaks on stage;（例如，一个歌剧演员在舞台上既不跳舞也不讲话；）”可知B正确。根据第3段第2句“Mei Lanfang, one of the most famous performers of all, was the first to introduce Beijing Opera to foreigners and made highly successful tours to foreign countries.（梅兰芳是最著名的演员之一，他第一个把京剧介绍给外国人，并在国外进行了非常成功的巡回演出。）”可知D正确。根据第4段描述“你会怀疑，有时会有点无聊，但你会逐渐感兴趣。即使你对京剧一无所知，你也会被京剧深深吸引。”一位旅行者这样描述他第一次看京剧的经历。）”可知“第一次看京剧后，这位旅行者很感兴趣。”可知“一些外国人对京剧感兴趣，只有老年人对京剧感兴趣是错误的”，故选C。
40.B【解析】主旨题。本文主要内容：京剧是中国传统戏剧艺术形式之一，也是中国最大的戏曲形式。它有着近200年的历史，是在许多其他戏剧形式的基础上发展起来的。京剧，是一种娱乐。它包括说部分，唱歌和跳舞。梅兰芳是第一个把京剧介绍给外国人。可知“写这篇文章的主要目的是告诉我们一些京剧的事情。”故选B。
（十二）【2020•浙江省宁波市中考】
In the future, people may travel to Mars (火星) by water-powered spaceship! Today's spaceships are fine for getting things into space, but they are not so good at travelling long distances. These spaceships burn chemical fuels (燃料) and they are very expensive. Scientists say that a water-powered spaceship could make the trip to Mars much cheaper. The idea is just in the planning stages now, but scientists think such a spaceship could be developed soon.
The key to the water-powered spaceship is the engine (发动机). Regular engines push spaceships by burning fuel. The water engine will use steam, created by solar panels (太阳能板) that heat water to a high temperature. Of course, the spaceship will have to carry a lot of water for the long trip to Mars.
Today's spaceships could not carry that much water. But scientists think that a spaceship blown up like a balloon will be able to.
One US company has already developed a spaceship like this. These spaceships are made of a strong material. Two of them have already been sent up into space, using rockets and then later filled with air. "Balloon" spaceships could be very large and carry enough water for a long trip. With the "Balloon" spaceships, enough water could be carried to power the engines and grow food during the trip. And the people on the spaceship might even get to take a hot bath!
Scientists say the biggest advantage of such a spaceship would be cost. The "Balloon" spaceship uses water to push it through space and costs about one thirtieth of a normal spaceship. Such savings naturally encourage continued research into balloon spaceships and water engines. If these scientists are correct, we may soon be on our way to Mars in a spaceship powered by water.
32. Which sentence best describes the main idea of the passage above?
A. The key to the water-powered spaceship is the engine.
B. In the future, people may travel to Mars by water-powered spaceship.
C. One US company has already developed a spaceship like this.
D. Scientists say the biggest advantage of such a spaceship would be cost.
33. What do you think is omitted (省略) at the end of the underlined sentence?
A. use steam B. push spaceships
C. heat water D. carry that much water
34. Besides growing food, what else might astronauts do with the rest of the water?
A. Take a hot bath. B. Freeze dangerous things.
C. Blow up a balloon. D. Change the surface of Mars.
35. On which website can we probably read this passage?
A. www. freedictionary. com/power B. www. mooc. cn/music
C. www. chinadaily. com. cn/culture D. www. space. com/spaceflight
【文章大意】本文介绍了水力飞船的原理和优势。
32.B【解析】主旨大意题。根据In the future, people may travel to Mars (火星) by water-powered spaceship，可知，本文主要介绍了在未来，人们可能会乘坐水力飞船去火星旅行，并介绍了这种飞船的原理和优势。故选B。
33.D【解析】词义猜测题。根据上一句“Today's spaceships could not carry that much water.”可知现在的飞船是不能携带太多的水，而新的飞船是可以的，故划线处后面省略的是“carry that much water”。故选D。
34.A【解析】细节理解题。根据And the people on the spaceship might even get to take a hot bath，可知，宇航员甚至可以用剩下的水来洗个热水澡。故选A。
35.D【解析】推理判断题。根据In the future, people may travel to Mars (火星) by water-powered spaceship，可知，本文主要讲述的是在未来，人们可能会乘坐水力飞船去火星旅行，并且下文介绍了水力飞船的原理和优势，这些是有关“宇宙飞行”的内容，所以我们可以从“宇宙飞行”的网站看到这篇文章。故选D。
（十三）【2020•浙江省台州市中考】
Living on an island might sound wonderful. But what it you left for a trip and found you could never return? What if your home, and even the land it stood on, was gone forever? For people living in the Pacific Islands, this is really possible.
Why? Climate（气候)change. Climate change is causing the sea to rise. That’s bad news for the Pacific Islands. Young people on the islands are even starting to wonder: Will they be the last generation(一代人)?
Not if the islanders have anything to do about it. These people are deeply connected to their homelands. The Pacific Islands are made up of 1l different countries: the Marshall Islands, Fuji, Samoa, and others. But now, those countries are working together. They're joining forces to fight climate change.
Why is climate change such a huge threat to this part of the world? Islands are low elevations(海拔). So they are among the first places influenced by rising sea levels. That's why countries of the Pacific Islands are working together to do their part.
But these are small countries. When it comes to climate change can they make a big difference? They can, because most of the things that people on islands buy are brought by ships. This is very harmful to the environment. After all, ships put out almost 3 percent of the world's carbon emissions (碳排放), That makes climate change worse.
Pacific Islanders realize the problem. So, in 2019, six countries got together: Fuji, the Marshall islands, Samoa, Vanuatu, the Solomon Islands and Tuvalu, They came up with a plan. They agreed to cut carbon emissions from shipping by 40 percent by 2030. And by 2050, they expect zero-carbon shipping.
How will they pull this off? They plan to use some really to use some really cool carbon-free technologies. They'll make use of solar and wind energy.
Sea levels are rising, but hopes aren't sinking in the Pacific Islands.
27. What is the bad news for the Pacific Islands according to the passage?
A. Some Pacific Island countries have disappeared.
B. The sea level is going up because of climate change.
C. All the shipping to the Pacific Islands has been stopped.
D. The Pacific Islanders have nothing to do about the climate change.
28. The underlined word "threat" in Paragraph 4 probably means"_________".
A. risk B. step C. project D. development
29. It can be inferred from the passage that _________.
A. there will never be zero carbon emissions from shipping
B. solar and wind energy will make climate change worse
C. all the Pacific Islanders may leave their homelands by 2050
D. some Pacific Island countries may have hopes to make a difference
30. The passage mainly talks about ________.
A. why other countries are helping the Pacific Islanders fight climate change
B. how some countries are working hard to develop carbon-free technologies
C. how Pacific Island countries are working together to fight shipping pollution
D. why Pacific Island countries put out so much of the world's carbon emissions
【文章大意】本文主要介绍了气候变化正在导致海洋上升，这对住在太平洋岛屿的人来说是个坏消息。太平洋岛屿上的11个国家正在联手来共同应对气候变化。他们计划到2030年将航运碳排放量减少百分之40，到2050年，他们预计零碳排放量航运。
27.B【解析】细节理解题。根据文中第二段“Climate change is causing the sea to rise. That’s bad news for the Pacific Islands. ”可知，气候变化正在导致海洋上升，这对太平洋岛屿来说是个坏消息。故选B。
28.A【解析】词义猜测题。risk危险，风险；step步骤；project计划，项目；development发展。根据上段“These people are deeply connected to their homelands.”可知，气候变化导致海洋上升，对生活在太平洋岛屿上的人有极大的威胁；结合后面“That's why countries of the Pacific Islands are working together to do their part.”可知，太平洋岛屿国家正在共同努力发挥自己的作用，来应对这种影响，所以可以猜测，划线部分单词意思应该是“危险，风险”。故选A。
29.D【解析】推理判断题。根据第六段“And by 2050, they expect zero-carbon shipping.”可知，到2050年，预计会用零碳航运，故选项A错误；根据第七段“They'll make use of solar and wind energy.”可知他们会用太阳能和风能来减少污染，故选项B错误；根据第六段“And by 2050, they expect zero-carbon shipping.”及最后一段“Sea levels are rising, but hopes aren't sinking in the Pacific Islands.”可知，到2050年，预计会用零碳航运，太平洋岛屿的希望并没有破灭，故选项C错误；根据第三段“The Pacific Islands are made up of 1l different countries: … those countries are working together. They're joining forces to fight climate change.”结合全文可知，他们正在联手应对气候变化，并会气候产生积极影响，故选项D正确。故选D。
30.C【解析】主旨大意题。根据本文大意，主要介绍了气候变化正在导致海洋上升，太平洋岛屿上的11个国家正在联手来共同应对气候变化。他们计划到2030年将航运碳排放量减少百分之40，到2050年，他们预计零碳排放量航运。所以“太平洋岛屿国家如何共同努力消除航运污染”符合本主主旨。故选C。
（十四）【2020•浙江省温州市中考】

The balalaika, also called the "Russian guitar", is a traditional Russian musical instrument. It has a long neck, a wooden triangle-shaped body and strings. It is usually used to play Russian music by plucking the strings with fingers or a pick.
Russians like the balalaika. The music played with it can be cheerful, as if the farmers were dancing happily to celebrate their harvest. It can also be energetic, as if the workers were working hard to make their country richer and stronger. If a Russian moves to live or work abroad, he will probably take a balalaika with him. When he feels lonely and sad, he will play it to cheer himself up.
The balalaika was originally played by the poor in Russia. At that time, balalaikas were made by the players themselves. They were rough, simple and cheap with different numbers of strings, from two to even six. Later a Russian musician Vasily Vasil'yevich Andreev (1861-1918) improved the balalaka. He created a whole family of balalaikas of different sizes, all with three strings. The smallest balalaika is called Prima. It is 60-70cm long. The biggest, Contrabass, is almost 2metres high with a leg to sit on the floor. Andreev founded the first balalaika orchestra in the world, mainly using balalaikas to perform. He gave concerts at the Universal Exposition in Paris in 1889, which was a great success.
Today, there are blalaika groups performing around the world. More and more people get to know the balalaika and are attracted by its Russian style music.
29. The balalaika is a musical instrument __________.
A. without strings B. with a long neck
C. of a round shape D. with a metal body
30. The music played with a balalaika is usually__________.
A. slow and sad B. strong and serious
C. soft and modern D. cheerful and energetic
31. Andreev is mentioned in Paragraph Three to introduce __________.
A. the success of balalaika concerts B. the history of balalaika orchestras
C. his talent for playing the balalaika D. his contributions to the balalaika
32. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
A. Balalaika: The "Russian Guitar" for the Poor
B. Russia: The Home of Famous Balalaika Musicians
C. Balalaika: A Traditional Russian Musical Instrument
D. Russia: The International Hand-made Balalaika Factory
【文章大意】本文主要介绍了俄罗斯一种传统乐器Balalaika，讲述了它的特点以及发展历程等。
29.B【解析】细节理解题。根据It has a long neck, a wooden triangle-shaped body and strings.它有一个长长的脖子，一个木制的三角形的身体和弦。结合选项，可知B选项符合题意，故答案选B。
30.D【解析】细节理解题。根据The music played with it can be cheerful, ……it can also be energetic,可知，巴拉莱卡琴演奏的音乐通常是欢快而充满活力的，故答案选D。
31.D【解析】段意归纳题。通读第三段可知，本段讲述的是Andreev改进了Balalaika，他创造了一整套不同大小的Balalaika，都有三根弦。他还创立了世界上第一支巴拉莱卡管弦乐队。结合选项，可知D选项“Andreev对Balalaika的贡献”，最能概况本段，故答案选D。
32.C【解析】标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了俄罗斯的一种传统乐器Balalaika，结合选项，可知C选项符合题意，故答案选C。
（十五）【2020•浙江省温州市中考】

Tide is the regular rise and fall of the ocean level caused by the movement of the sun, the earth and the moon. It is considered a promising source of green energy to produce electricity in coastal areas.
To make use of tidal energy, we need to build tidal power stations. The bays and the river mouths where the tide is high (the tidal range is more than 10 metres) are usually perfect sites to build tidal power stations. There are many such places in the world. According to the IRENA (the International Renewable Energy Agency), by just using 2% of our coastlines, we can produce 4, 383TWh of ocean power each year, enough to meet 16. 4% of the world's electricity needs.
To build a tidal power station, we need to build a dam. In the dam are many turbines and on each turbine there is an electric generator. When the tide rises, water comes through the dam, the turbines turn and the electric generators work, producing electricity. When the tide fall, water goes out through the dam, the turbines turn again. The electric generators continue to work.
Tidal energy has it advantages. Using tidal energy to produce electricity is much cheaper than using the traditional energy, like coal or gas. For example, the Rance Tidal Power Station in France has been there for over 50 years, producing around 540, 000TWh of electricity each year. The cost is only 1.3 cents/TWh. Tidal energy can be used nearly 24 hours a day. As long as the sun, the earth and the moon exist, we can use it to produce electricity. But without sunshine, here is no solar energy. When there is no wind, electric generators will not work. In addition, with the development of modern technology, tidal energy can be stored and used to produce electricity continuously. However, we still have some problems to solve. It is difficult to build a dam in the sea, and the cost is very high. Moreover, it's expensive to keep a tidal power station in is best condition.
Scientists are working on them.
33. A tidal power station is best built __________.
A. at a river mouth with wind B. along the coast with waves
C. in a bay with tide high enough D. in coastal areas with sunshine
34. The underlined word "turbine" in Paragraph There is a machine to__________.
A. make the tide rise and fall B. make an electric generator work
C. let water go through the dam D. keep the dam in good condition
35. What advantage does tidal energy have?
A. We can use it to get useful tide. B. It can improve the ocean environment.
C. We can use it nearly all the time. D. It meets 16. 4% of the electricity needs.
36. How can we make better use of tidal energy?
A. By digging more bays and river mouths.
B By building cheaper tidal power stations.
C. By closing traditional electric power.
D. By using tidal energy to replace other energy.
【文章大意】本文主要向我们介绍了潮汐能，它的优势以及目前存在的问题。
33.C【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中“The bays and the river mouths where the tide is high (the tidal range is more than 10 metres) are usually perfect sites to build tidal power stations.”可知，涨潮时(潮差超过10米)的海湾和河口通常是建造潮汐发电站的理想地点。故选C。
34.B【解析】推理判断题。分析第三段中“In the dam are many turbines and on each turbine there is an electric generator. When the tide rises, water comes through the dam, the turbines turn and the electric generators work, producing electricity. When the tide fall, water goes out through the dam, the turbines turn again.”可知，水坝里有许多涡轮机，每个涡轮机上都有一个发电机。涨潮时，水通过大坝，涡轮转动，发电机工作，产生电力。退潮时，水流通过大坝流出，涡轮再次转动。所以turbine是让发电机工作的机器。故选B。
35.C【解析】推理判断题。A：我们可以用它来获取有用的潮汐。B：它可以改善海洋环境。C：我们几乎可以随时使用它。D：满足16.4%的电力需求。根据第四段中“Using tidal energy to produce electricity is much cheaper than using the traditional energy, like coal or gas.”和“In addition, with the development of modern technology, tidal energy can be stored and used to produce electricity continuously.”可知，潮汐发电的优势一是利用潮汐能发电比使用煤炭或天然气等传统能源要便宜得多；二是随着现代技术的发展，潮汐能可以被储存起来，并用于持续发电。结合选项，故选C。
36.B【解析】细节理解题。A：挖掘更多的海湾和河口。B：通过建造更便宜的潮汐发电站。C：通过关闭传统电力。D：利用潮汐能来替代其他能源。根据第二段中“To make use of tidal energy, we need to build tidal power stations.”可知，为了利用潮汐能，我们需要修建潮汐能电站。结合选项，故选B。
（十六）【2020•重庆市A卷中考】

When Goldie Nejat began developing robots in 2005, she spent much of her time knocking on doors to let people know how her robots worked but few showed interest, "But now, it's different," Says Nejat, "People calling from around the world ask when my robots are going to be ready." Nejať's robots are designed to fill an increasing need: care-giving for the old. The population of the people over age 80 will be 426 million in 2050, three times larger than that now.
Such robots could be especially useful for patients with Alzheimer's disease (老年痴呆症 ). They can help with everyday activities from preparing food to reminding(提醒) the patients of taking their medicine. They can also play games with patients to keep them active.
Some have worried that care-giving robots might reduce (减少 ) human interaction (互动) and cause more humans to lose their jobs. "But the aim is to support human care, not to take the place of it" says Brian Scassellati. He has tested robots with different patients, and found that daily interaction with robots can help children with autism spectrum disorder(自闭障碍症) improve social skills.
As a field grows, scientists aim to understand human-robot relationships better. Do robots offer advantages because they don't have feelings and don't give opinions? Will patients lose interest?
"One thing is clear," Scassellati says, "Robots can provide care for the customers and the need for that will increase in the future. "
32. Nejat's robots are designed to________.
A. work in the factory B. make phone calls
C. take care of the old D. knock on doors
33. The writer starts the passage by________.
A. telling two stories B. comparing two facts
C. raising a question D. giving an example
34. The main idea of Paragraph 3 is________.
A. what the robots can do B. what serious problems the robots cause
C. what the old people can do D. what the old people think of the robots
35. According to Scassellati, we can infer that Nejat's robots ________.
A. will have feelings soon B. can take the place of humans
C. should be produced more D. won't give their own opinions
【文章大意】本文主要讲了Nejat的机器人从无人问津到需求量变大，说明这种照顾老年人的机器人越来越受欢迎。
32.C【解析】细节理解题。根据上文Nejať's robots are designed to fill an increasing need: care-giving for the old. Nejat的机器人是为了满足日益增长的需求而设计：照顾老人，故选C。
33.B【解析】推理判断题。根据上文When Goldie Nejat began developing robots in 2005, …People calling from around the world ask when my robots are going to be ready." 2005年，当戈迪·尼贾特开始开发机器人时，她花了很多时间上门，让人们知道她的机器人是如何工作的，但很少有人表现出兴趣，“但现在，情况不同了，”来自世界各地的人们问我的机器人什么时候准备好，可知文章开头用两个事实作比较，体现了他设计的机器人越来越满足人们的需求，故选B。
34.A【解析】主旨大意题。根据第三段的主题句But the aim is to support human care, not to take the place of it 但其目的是辅助照顾人类，而不是取代它，并举例He has tested robots with different patients…improve social skills. 他用不同患者对机器人进行了测试，发现与机器人的日常互动可以帮助自闭障碍症儿童提高社交技能。可知本段主要讲机器人的主要工作，故选A。
35.C【解析】推理判断题。根据"One thing is clear," Scassellati says, "Robots can provide care for the customers and the need for that will increase in the future. " “有一件事是清楚的，”斯卡塞拉蒂说，“机器人可以为客户提供照顾，这一需求在未来会增加。”他说，由此可推断人们对尼贾特机器人的需求会增加，因此机器人的产量也会提高，故选C。
（十七）【2020•重庆市A卷中考】
“Humans can develop certain abilities we aren't born with by practicing animals' movements,” the traditional Chinese Wushu lovers believed in the past — and still do today.
Chinese Five-Animal Exercises, also known as Wuqinxi, are the first complete set of qigong exercises following the movements of animals: monkeys, deer (鹿), birds, bears and tigers. They were created by one of the greatest doctors in Chinese history, Hua Tuo, more than 1, 800 years ago.
The Five-Animal Exercises are well-designed to help blood circulation (循环), and let the energy go smoothly in the body so as to improve the health.
“The bear movements are good for the stomach. The tiger movements can reduce the pain in the back. The deer movements help reduce the fat around the waist (腰). The bird movements can help keep our knees healthy and the monkey movements can be good for the heart.” said Hua Yi, the 59th inheritor (继承人) of Wuqinxi.
For those new learners, the first few exercises might not go well. You may find it hard to focus(集中注意力). Wear comfortable clothes, keep peaceful in your mind, try to move slowly... Little by little, you'll feel more and more harmonious with nature. You may even feel you become a tiger or a deer, walking in the forest freely.
These exercises need no tools and they are easy to learn. You can search online for the videos and practice them at any time when you feel like relaxing your body and mind. Because it's fun to practice and good for health, Five-Animal Exercises are becoming more and more popular in recent years, not only in China, but also in many other places of the world.
36. People practice Five-Animal Exercises in order to________.
A. fight against enemies B. protect wild animals
C. improve the health D. play as a group game
37. If your grandfather has a pain in the back, ________may help him a lot.
A. the bear movements B. the monkey movements
C. the bird movements D. the tiger movements
38. The underlined word "harmonious" in Paragraph 5 probably means________.
A. 兴奋的 B. 和谐的 C. 敬畏的 D. 肤浅的
39 The structure of the passage may be
(①=Paragraph 1 ②=Paragraph 2 ③=Paragraph 3 ④=Paragraph 4 ⑤=Paragraph 5⑥=Paragraph 6)
A. B.
C. D.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了中国五禽戏的诞生、练习的好处和建议等内容。
36.C【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段“The Five-Animal Exercises are well-designed to help blood circulation (循环), and let the energy go smoothly in the body so as to improve the health.”可知练习五禽戏有助于血液循环，改善身体健康，故选C。
37.D【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段中“The tiger movements can reduce the pain in the back.”可知老虎的动作可以减轻背部的疼痛，所以如果爷爷背疼，可以练习老虎的动作，故选D。
38.B【解析】词义猜测题。根据第五段中“For those new learners, the first few exercises might not go well. ”和“You may even feel you become a tiger or a deer, walking in the forest freely.”可知初学者在开始练习时可能不太顺利，随着练习的逐渐熟练，可能都会觉得自己变成了一只在森林里自由行走的老虎或鹿，即与自然能够和谐融洽相处，所以harmonious的意思是“和谐的”，故选B。
39.A【解析】篇章结构题。根据全文脉络可知，文章围绕五禽戏展开，第一和第二段主要介绍了五禽戏的诞生，第三段和第四段介绍了练习五禽戏的好处，最后两段就如何练习五禽戏提出了一些建议，故选A。
（十八）【2020•重庆市B卷中考】
In China, each year we produce about 150 million tons of city waste according to a report. Where does the waste go? People usually burn or bury(埋)it. On the other hand, we receive waste from some developed countries. We get useful materials from it. What about the useless part? Still burned or buried. But is it a proper way?
Waste pollutes the environment, harms people's health and causes animals to die. It also gets in the way of green and sustainable development. We can't make money at the cost of the environment. We should leave clean water and green mountains to our next generations(一代人).
China is getting really serious about waste now.
We are taking less waste from developed countries. From January 2018, China started to stop 24 kinds of waste coming into our country. And more laws and rules about dealing with waste have been made. Anyone who breaks the law will be punished.
China also tries to put waste into good use. One example is the waste electricity factories. They burn waste to make electricity in a green way. No harmful gases or water will get into the environment.
The Chinese government is encouraging people to do waste sorting(分类). Cities like Shanghai, Chongqing and Beijing have their own sorting systems. More will join them soon. As President Xi Jinping said during a visit to Shanghai, waste sorting is a new fashion(时尚). More and more people are forming the habit of separating their waste.
32. The writer starts the passage by _________.
A. telling stories B. comparing numbers
C. raising questions D. giving suggestions
33. The underlined word "sustainable" in Paragraph 2 means "________"in Chinese.
A. 可享受的 B. 可持续的 C. 可借鉴的 D. 可复活的
34. From the passage, we know that _________.
A. waste does harm only to the environment
B. those who break the law may not be punished
C. China stops getting waste from developed countries
D. waste sorting starts to become popular in China
35. The structure of the passage may be_________.
(①=Paragraph1 ②=Paragraph2 ③=Paragraph 3 ④=Paragraph4 ⑤=Paragraph 5
⑥=Paragraph 6)
A. B.
C. D.
【文章大意】本文主要讲的是垃圾污染环境，危害人们的健康，导致动物死亡，同时也阻碍了可持续发展，并列举了处理垃圾问题的三种方法：减少他国的垃圾输入及制定废物处理的法律法规；废物合理利用；垃圾分类。
32.C【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段出现的三个问句“Where does the waste go?... What about the useless part?...But is it a proper way?”可知，本文是通过提出问题开始的，故选C。
33.B【解析】词义猜测题。根据“We should leave clean water and green mountains to our next generations(一代人).”（我们应该把青山绿水留给我们的下一代）可推断，suitable在这里的意思是“可持续的”，也就是我们经常说的“可持续发展”，故选B。
34.D【解析】细节理解题。根据“waste sorting is a new fashion(时尚). More and more people are forming the habit of separating their waste.”（垃圾分类是一个新的时尚。越来越多的人养成了废物分类的习惯。）可知，垃圾分类在中国已经开始流行，故选D。
35.A【解析】文章结构题。文章最后一段才提到垃圾分类，所以C、D结构是错误的；文章第四段的“减少他国的垃圾输入及制定垃圾处理的法律法规”，第五段的“废物合理利用”以及第六段的“垃圾分类”，都属于第三段的“处理废物问题的方法”，所以排除B，故选A。

（十九）【2020•山东省德州市中考】
The opening of the Beijing—Zhangjiakou high-speed railway took place in December, 2019. The railway is a milestone in China’s railway development because it has used the latest technologies in railway building.
The railway is 174 kilometers long, with 10 stations. The stations are managed by one control center, which is described by China Railway Beijing Group — also known as CR Bejing — as an “intelligent (智能的) brain”. The center collects and shares the stations’ real-time information. “With the information, the workers in the center can control the stations’ lighting and temperature, monitor (监测) trains’ operation and deal with emergencies(紧急情况).” said Zhu Dianping, from CR Beiing.
Zhu said some trains on the Bejing—Zhangjiakou line are “smart” as they provide 5G signals and wireless charging (无线充电) for passengers, as well as intelligent lighting. These trains can start and stop, open and close doors, and deal with emergencies themselves.
All the ten stations provide e-ticket services. Travelers who have bought tickets online can use their ID cards instead of waiting in line for paper tickets.
At Qinghe Railway Station in Beijing, China’s first visual remote ticket vending machine (远程可视售票机) has been installed (安装) to help passengers who are not able to afford tickets online. Passengers keep in touch with the conductor through the machine and buy tickets according to video instructions.
In addition, the Badaling Great Wall Station, the deepest underground railway station in China, is another great example of the country’s achievements in railway building.
16. What does the word “milestone” mean in Chinese?
A. 英石(重量单位) B. 垫脚石 C. 里程碑 D. 里程表
17. The control center is described as ________.
A. CR Beijing B. Railway Beijing Group C. a railway station D. an “intelligent brain”
18. Which is right according to the passage?
A. Each station has a control center.
B. All the trains can start and stop themselves.
C. All the stations have visual remote ticket vending machines.
D. The Badaling Great Wall Station is the deepest underground railway station in China.
19. E-ticket services are provided so that travelers ________.
A. can buy cheaper tickets B. needn’t wait in line for paper tickets
C. can only buy tickets online D. can buy paper tickets
20. What is special about the Bejing—Zhangialou high-speed railway according to the passage?
A. Fast and cheap. B. Long and deep. C. Smart and intelligent. D. Expensive and steady.
【文章大意】本文介绍了北京至张家口高速铁路，这条铁路是中国铁路发展的里程碑，因为这条铁路采用了铁路建设的最新技术。
16.C【解析】词意猜测题。根据第一段中“because it has used the latest technologies in railway building”可知，北京至张家口高速铁路采用了铁路建设的最新技术，所以说这条铁路是中国铁路发展的一个里程碑。故选C。
17.D【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中“The stations are managed by one control center, which is described by China Railway Beijing Group …as an “intelligent (智能的) brain””可知，控制中心被描述为“智能大脑”。故选D。
18.D【解析】细节理解题。Each station has a control center.每个车站有一个控制中心。根据第二段中“The stations are managed by one control center”可知，所有车站只有一个控制中心，所以A项错误；All the trains can start and stop themselves.所有的火车都可以自动启动和停止。根据第三段中“Zhu said some trains on the Bejing—Zhangjiakou line are “smart” …These trains can start and stop…”可知，在北京至张家口高速铁路上运行的一些火车可以自动启动和停止，并不是所有火车都可以，所以B项错误；All the stations have visual remote ticket vending machines.所有车站都有可视的远程售票机。根据倒数第二段中“At Qinghe Railway Station in Beijing, China’s first visual remote ticket vending machine (远程可视售票机) has been installed…”可知，在北京的清河站安装了第一台远程可视售票机，并不是所有车站都有远程可视售票机，所以C项错误；The Badaling Great Wall Station is the deepest underground railway station in China.八达岭长城站是中国最深的地铁站。根据最后一段中“In addition, the Badaling Great Wall Station, the deepest underground railway station in China…”可知，八达岭长城站是中国最深的地铁站，所以D项正确。故选D。
19.B【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段中“All the ten stations provide e-ticket services. Travelers who have bought tickets online can use their ID cards instead of waiting in line for paper tickets.”可知，车站提供了电子票务服务以后，旅客不必排队购买纸质车票。故选B。
20.C【解析】主旨大意题。根据第二段中“The stations are managed by one control center, which is described by China Railway Beijing Group — also known as CR Bejing — as an “intelligent (智能的) brain”.”、第三段中“These trains can start and stop, open and close doors, and deal with emergencies themselves.”、第四段中“All the ten stations provide e-ticket services.”、第五段中“At Qinghe Railway Station in Beijing, China’s first visual remote ticket vending machine (远程可视售票机) has been installed (安装) to help passengers who are not able to afford tickets online.”可知，这条铁路的车站控制中心被称为“智能大脑”，一些列车可以自动启停并处理紧急情况，所有车站都提供电子票务服务，清河站还安装了中国第一台远程可视售票机，这些都说明这条高速铁路智能化程度非常高，这也是这条铁路的特别之处。故选C。
（二十）【2020•山东省聊城市中考】
In Britain, Australia, Canada and a few other English-speaking countries, people don't stop celebrating when Christmas Day is over. They also celebrate the following day, known as Boxing Day. It is a popular day for giving additional（另外的）gifts. It has been celebrated for so long, but nobody exactly knows how it started.
Some people believe Boxing Day began in the Middle Ages. In those days: in some special places there were special collection boxes where people threw money for the poor.
The day after Christmas the boxes were opened and the money was counted. Then the money went to helping the poor in the area.
Others believe Boxing Day started about 300 years ago when some rich people had Christmas feasts (盛宴). They offered lots of food to their guests. Because many servants (仆人）were needed to make and serve the food, they could not celebrate Christmas with their families. To thank them, the rich people would put food into boxes for their servants to take home.
Now Boxing Day has become a public holiday in some countries. Some people spend the day boxing up old or unwanted things and donating（捐赠）them to the poor. Many people are active in helping service organizations(组织)like the Red Cross.
No matter how Boxing Day got its start, it's a wonderful time to donate things or give small gifts to people. By doing so, you cam make someone's holiday much happier.
26. From the first paragraph we know that Boxing Day ___________.
A. has a long history B. is before Christmas Day
C. is celebrated in only three countries D. is the day for buying gifts
27. In the Middle Ages people put ____________into the boxes.
A. unwanted things B. food C. old things D. money
28. What did the servants mainly do on Christmas Day?
A. They took the food home. B. They had Christmas feasts.
C. They made and served the food. D. They celebrated with their families
29. Today Boxing Day is a time ___________.
A. to thank the rid people B. to make the guests happy
C. to give people help or small gifts D. to remember the old days
30. What's the best title(题目) for the passage?
A. Christmas Day B. Boxing Day C. The Red Cross D. The Middle Ages
【文章大意】本文主要向我们介绍了节礼日以及它的历史和发展。
26.A【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中“It has been celebrated for so long, but nobody exactly knows how it started.”可知，节礼日已经庆祝很久了。故选A。
27.D【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中“In those days: in some special places there were special collection boxes where people threw money for the poor.”可知，在中世纪人们把钱扔进箱子中。故选D。
28.C【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段中“Because many servants (仆人）were needed to make and serve the food”可知，圣诞节，仆人需要制作和供应食物。故选C。
29.C【解析】推理判断题。A：感谢那些摆脱困境的人；B：让客人高兴；C：给别人帮助或小礼物；D：为了记住过去的日子。根据倒数第二段内容可知，现在节礼日已经成为一些国家的公共假日，有些人把旧的或不需要的东西捐赠给穷人，很多人活跃于像红十字会一样的帮助服务性组织中。结合选项，故选C。
30.B【解析】最佳标题题。A：圣诞节；B：节礼日；C：红十字会；D：中世纪。根据文章内容可知，本文主要向我们介绍了节礼日。故选B。
（二十一）【2020 •黑龙江省哈尔滨市中考】

Mona Island is an amazing place to take a vacation. Some of the animals living there can’t be found anywhere else in the world. There are fascinating beaches and caves to explore(探险). The sea around the island has colorful fishes.
Mona Island is very small. The government of Puerto Rico(波多黎各) takes care of the island and has made it a natural reserve. That means the island’s animals and plants are protected from being harmed by people. Mona Island is different from most places because people are not allowed to live there. Only a few park workers are able to stay.
The park workers’ job is to keep Mona Island safe and wonderful. Rules must be followed on the island. One rule is that only 100 people at a time can visit the island. That way, the park workers can make sure the land and animals remain safe.
On the island, visitors can go to see Mona Island iguanas(鬣蜥) which live only on Mona Island.
Also, visitors can come to the island to have a close look at many kinds of fishes. They can dive(潜水) far below the surface. They use special tools to be able to breathe under the water. Through the clear water, visitors can see the bright colors of the fishes.
Visitors can also explore caves. Some of the caves even have paintings on the walls. These paintings were made by some Indians who lived on the island hundreds of years ago.
After a full day of fun activities, visitors can take a rest, listen to the night sounds, and watch the stars in the huge sky. The stars are easier to see. Visitors say that watching the stars is amazing. It’s the perfect end to a perfect day.
根据短文内容选择最佳答案。
41. The underlined(划线的) word “reserve” in the passage means “________” in Chinese.
A. 休息区 B. 保护区 C. 风景区
42. Only 100 people at a time are allowed to visit the island so that ________.
A. many park workers are able to stay on Mona Island
B. the park workers’ job is to keep Mona Island safe and wonderful
C. the park workers can make sure the land and animals remain safe
43. What can visitors do on Mona Island?
A. They can live on the island for several days.
B. They can go to see Mona Island iguanas.
C. They can meet the Indians who lived on the island hundreds of years ago.
44. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Mona Island is a large island and taken care of by the government.
B. Fishes can dive far below the surface with special tools.
C. Visitors are amazed to watch the stars in the huge sky on Mona Island.
45. What’s the best title for the passage?
A. Mona Island — an Amazing Place to Take a Vacation
B. Mona Island — a Good Place to Watch Stars
C. Mona Island — the Best Place to Protect Animals
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了度假胜地莫纳岛的美景。
41.B【解析】题意：文中画线单词“reserve”的中文意思是________。
词句猜测题。根据原文That means the island’s animals and plants are protected from being harmed by people可知，莫纳岛被波多黎各政府列为自然保护区，这意味着岛上的动植物受到保护，免受人类的伤害。故“reserve”有“保护区”之意。故选B。
42.C【解析】题意：每次只允许100人参观这个岛，以便________。
细节理解题。根据原文One rule is that only 100 people at a time can visit the island. That way, the park workers can make sure the land and animals remain safe可知，每次只允许100人参观这个岛，以便工作人员可以保证莫纳岛以及岛上动物的安全。C选项the park workers can make sure the land and animals remain safe“公园的工作人员可以确保莫纳岛和岛上动物的安全”符合题意，故选C。
43.B【解析】题意：游客在莫纳岛能做什么？
细节理解题。根据原文On the island, visitors can go to see Mona Island iguanas(鬣蜥) which live only on Mona Island可知，游客可以在岛上见到此处独有的动物鬣蜥。B选项They can go to see Mona Island iguanas“他们可以去看莫纳岛的鬣蜥”符合题意，故选B。
44.C【解析】题意：根据本文内容，下列哪一项是正确的？
细节理解题。根据原文Mona Island is very small可知，A选项“莫纳岛是一个很大的岛屿，由政府管理”说法错误，可排除。根据原文Also, visitors can come to the island to have a close look at many kinds of fishes. They can dive(潜水) far below the surface. They use special tools to be able to breathe under the water可知，游客可以借助特殊工具潜到水下较深地方，B选项“鱼可以用特殊工具潜到水面以下很远的地方”说法错误，可排除。根据原文Visitors say that watching the stars is amazing可知，C选项“在莫纳岛上，游客们在浩瀚的天空中看到星星，感到非常神奇”说法正确，故选C。
45.A【解析】题意：本文的最佳标题是什么？
最佳标题。通读全文可知，本文是一篇说明文，介绍了度假胜地莫纳岛的美景。A选项Mona Island — an Amazing Place to Take a Vacation“莫纳岛——度假的好去处”符合题意，故选A。
（二十二）【2020•四川省成都市中考】


Du Fu
Happy Rain on a Spring Night
Good rain knows its time right; O'er wild lanes dark cloud spreads;
It will fall when comes spring. In boat a lantern looms.
With wind it steals in night; Dawn sees saturated reds;
Mute, it moistens each thing. The town's heavy with blooms.
Translated by Xu Yuanchong

This famous poem, with four couplets, was written by Du Fu(712-770, Tang Dynasty)when he was living and farming in Chengdu. His farming experience taught him to be thankful to nature.
The very first word, "good", shows the poet's joy and love for the spring rain. The rain is good because it "knows" the proper time to come. Here the poet uses personification, as if the rains were smart enough to come in time for the farmer's busy season.
When the rain comes, it appears during the night without making any noise. Unlike the summer storms, the spring rain finishes its task without being known.
In the third couplet, the poet describes a peaceful scene to us. In the night sky, the clouds look dark and heavy. It's a sign that there will be enough rain during the night. The light from the riverboat makes the dark scene a bit livelier.
Lastly, the poet starts to imagine. Tomorrow morning, he thinks, the city of Chengdu will be-come beautiful when all of the flowers bloom(盛开)after the rain.
36. What's the Chinese title of the poem Happy Rain on a Spring Night?
A. 《春望》 B. 《春夜喜雨》 C. 《夜雨寄北》
37. Which of the following rhymes are right for this poem?
A. aa-bb-cc-dd B. ab-ab-cd-cd C. ab-cd-ab-cd
38. Which word can be used to describe the rain in this poem?
A. Busy. B. Dark. C. Quiet.
39. Which of the following uses personification?
A. With wind it steals in night.
B. It will fall when comes spring.
C. The town's heavy with blooms(blooming flowers).
40. What does Du Fu want to show in this poem?
A. He's thankful to nature.
B. He loves and enjoys farming.
C. He expects the flowers to bloom.
【文章大意】本文介绍了《春夜喜雨》这首诗的作者以及对这首诗的解析。
36.B【解析】推理判断题。根据“The very first word, "good", shows the poet's joy and love for the spring rain.”可知，这首诗表达了诗人对春雨的喜悦和热爱，因此这首诗的题目是《春夜喜雨》。故选B。
37.B【解析】推理判断题。根据“right，spring，night，thing，spreads，looms，reds，blooms”可知，这首诗的押韵为ab-ab-cd-cd，故选B。
38.C【解析】推理判断题。根据 “Unlike the summer storms, the spring rain finishes its task without being known.”可知，诗中介绍春雨是安静的。故选C。
39.A【解析】推理判断题。根据“With wind it steals in night;”表示 “随风潜入夜”，因此诗人使用了人格化的手法，故选A。
40.A【解析】推理判断题。根据“His farming experience taught him to be thankful to nature.”可知，这首诗中杜甫表达了对大自然的感激。故选A。
【2019年】
2019年中考真题英语分项汇编

（一）【2019 • 湖北省咸宁市】
The year 2022 will be a big year for sports in China. That’s because it will hold not only the 24th Winter Olympics in Beijing, but also the 19th Asian Games in Hangzhou.
On Aug, 6th, 2018, the official emblem(会徽) for the HangZhou Asian Games was released(发布). The city won the hosting rights for the 2022 Asian Games in 2015. It will be the third Chinese city to host the Asian Games after Beijing and Guangzhou in 1990 and 2010.
First held in 1951, the Asian Games is the largest multi-sport event in Asia. It also means a lot to China. The Beijing Asian Games was the first large international sports event to be hosted by China, China News Service reported.
To make the Games a great success, Chinese people worked hard to prepare. Beijing built a great number of roads and gyms, including the famous Beijing Olympic Sports Center and Asian Games Village. The Games helped the world see China and its achievements. Since then, China has improved its global image(国际形象), China Youth Daily reported. For the 2022 Asian Games, Hangzhou has already started building 33 sports venues(场馆), according to China Youth Daily. The themes of the Hangzhou Asian Games are ＂green, smart, economical(节俭) and civilized＂. All the Games’s buildings will be environmentally friendly.
1. Which city will host the 2022 Asian Games?
A. Hangzhou. B. Guangzhou. C. Shanghai. D. Beijing.
2. What does the underlined word ＂themes＂ mean in the last paragraph?
A. 意义 B. 主题 C. 内涵 D. 标题
3. According to the passage, how did the Beijing Asian Games influence China?
A. It improved China’s economy(经济).
B. It helped China attract more tourists.
C. Guangzhou built a lot of roads and gyms.
D. It helped the world see China and its achievements.
4. Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage?
A. The first Asian Games was held in 1951.
B. Beijing will hold the 24th Winter Olympics in 2022.
C. China has already hosted the Asian Games three times.
D. All the 19th Asian Games’ buildings will be environmentally friendly.
5. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. How to prepare for the Asian Games.
B. The development of the Asian Games in China.
C. Why China wants to host the 19th Asian Games.
D. How the 19th Asian Games emblem was designed.
【文章大意】本文介绍了亚运会在中国的发展。亚运会于1951年首次举行，是亚洲最大的多运动项目。北京亚运会是中国主办的第一个大型国际体育赛事。2018年8月6日，杭州亚运会会徽发布，2015年获得2022年亚运会主办权。这将是继1990年和2010年北京和广州之后第三个举办亚运会的中国城市。2022年将是中国体育运动的重要一年。这是因为它不仅将在北京举办第24届冬奥会，还将在杭州举办第19届亚运会。杭州亚运会的主题是＂绿色、智能、经济、文明＂。所有奥运会的建筑都将是环保的。
1. A【解析】细节理解题。根据That’s because it will hold not only the 24th Winter Olympics in Beijing, but also the 19th Asian Games in Hangzhou. 这是因为它不仅将在北京举办第24届冬奥会，还将在杭州举办第19届亚运会。和句子The city won the hosting rights for the 2022 Asian Games in 2015. 2015年获得2022年亚运会主办权。可知，杭州将主办2022年亚运会。故选A。
2. B【解析】词义猜测题。句子The themes of the Hangzhou Asian Games are ＂green, smart, economical(节俭) and civilized＂. 杭州亚运会的主题是＂绿色、智能、经济、文明＂。根据＂green, smart, economical(节俭) and civilized＂.可知，＂绿色、智能、经济、文明＂是杭州亚运会的主题。故选B。
3. D【解析】细节理解题。题干的意思是：根据文章，北京亚运会对中国有何影响？根据The Games helped the world see China and its achievements. 奥运会帮助世界了解中国及其成就。故选D。
4. C【解析】细节理解题。题干的意思是：根据文章，下列哪项不正确？根据First held in 1951, the Asian Games is the largest multi—sport event in Asia.可知，第一届亚运会于1951年举行。因此选项A正确；由句子The year 2022 will be a big year for sports in China. That’s because it will hold not only the 24th Winter Olympics in Beijing, 2022年将是中国体育运动的重要一年。这是因为它不仅将在北京举办第24届冬奥会。可知，北京将于2022年举办第24届冬奥会。故选项B正确；根据It will be the third Chinese city to host the Asian Games after Beijing and Guangzhou in 1990 and 2010. 这将是继1990年和2010年北京和广州之后第三个举办亚运会的中国城市。可知，中国已经举办了两届亚运会。但是第三届将在2022年在杭州举行。所以选项C不正确；根据All the Games’ buildings will be environmentally friendly. 可知，所有奥运会的建筑都将是环保的。因此选项D正确。因此不正确的是选项C。
5. B【解析】主旨大意题。根据The year 2022 will be a big year for sports in China. 2022年将是中国体育运动的重要一年。以及句子First held in 1951, the Asian Games is the largest multi—sport event in Asia. 亚运会于1951年首次举行，是亚洲最大的多运动项目。还有句子The themes of the Hangzhou Asian Games are ＂green, smart, economical(节俭) and civilized＂. All the Games’s buildings will be environmentally friendly. 杭州亚运会的主题是＂绿色、智能、经济、文明＂。所有奥运会的建筑都将是环保的。可知，本文主要介绍了亚运会在中国的发展。故选B。
【点睛】
词义猜测题是阅读理解中常见的一种题型，所猜测词汇可以是生词，也可以是熟词新义，还可以是人称代词的指代内容。词义猜测题主要考查考生根据上下文推测词义和语义的能力，突出考查对语境的分析和把握能力。常见的猜词法有：(1)利用上下文语境。猜测任何词义都离不开上下文，所以要借助上下文对需要猜测的词或短语进行合乎逻辑的推测。 (2)利用定义或解释性的线索。阅读文章中的有些生词往往在其后会有对该词进行解释说明的短语或句子，利用它们猜词义较容易 (3)利用文章的逻辑关系答题。如并列、对比、因果、转折关系等。这些逻辑关系往往通过一些相应的词或短语表达出来，如but, or, however, so, because等。(4)利用构词法知识答题。熟记一些前缀、后缀所表达的意思，不仅可以扩大词汇量，而且帮助我们猜测词义。第2小题的词义猜测题就是利用第1种解题方法。
（二）【2019 • 湖北省宜昌市】
Sore necks are very common these days. How to avoid a sore neck? Here are the things you should know.
●Take precautions(预防措施) after an unusual activity. Many people report having a pain in their necks after doing something that they don’t often do, such as a new exercise or packing and moving.
lf you know you’ve done something that puts you a risk, massage(按摩) your neck, do it with different exercises and take a warm bath before bed.
●Make sure your workstation is correct. If you work long hours at a desk you may want to make sure that your work environment is set up to be the most relaxing. Make sure that your body is being treated right.
Keep your feet on the floor. This will often depend on how high your chair is, so adjust(调整) it in time to achieve good results.
●Change your posture often. Sitting in one position for long periods of time is nor healthy. Sit with your back straight for most of the rime. Take a 5-minute break if you can and walk around every hour.
●Exercise. Find something — swimming, running or climbing — that makes you excited and feel alive. Make it into a usual way. Your body will feel better and your mind will feel more relaxed.
6. In Paragraph 5, the underlined word ＂it＂refers to(指) .
A. the desk B. the chair C. your neck D. your body
7. The underlined word ＂posture＂ in Paragraph 6 probably means ＂ ＂ in Chinese.
A. 姿势 B. 方向 C. 方式 D. 状态
8. can avoid a sore back according to the passage.
A. Making your work environment be quiet
B. Sitting with back straight for a moment
C. Packing and moving for a long time
D. Exercising often like swimming or running
9. After doing something unusual, you may do the following things except .
A. doing it with different exercises B. massaging your neck
C. taking a warm bath before bed D. looking at your phone for too long
10. This passage mainly tells us .
A. how to do exercise well B. exercising often is good for people
C. how to avoid a sore neck D. being healthy is the most important
【文章大意】本文是科普文，从四个方面介绍了如何避免颈部疼痛的方法。
6. B【解析】题意：在第5段，划线的＂it＂一词指的是 。考查词义理解。根据上文This will often depend on how high your chair is和下文to achieve good results可知要及时调整椅子的高度，it是指椅子the chair，故选B。
7. A【解析】题意：第6段下划线的＂posture＂一词在汉语中可能是＂ ＂的意思。考查词义理解。change改变，根据下文解释Sitting in one position for long periods of time is not healthy.可知需要改变姿势，故选A。
8. D【解析】题意：根据这篇文章，经常锻炼，如游泳或跑步可以避免背部疼痛。考查细节判断。A. 让你的工作环境保持安静；根据If you work long hours at a desk you may want to make sure that your work environment is set up to be the most relaxing.可知说法错误。B.背部挺直坐一会儿；根据Take a 5-minute break if you can and walk around every hour.可知说法错误。C. 长时间的打包和搬家；根据Many people report having a pain in their necks after doing something that they don’t often do, such as a new exercise or packing and moving.可知说法错误。D. 经常运动，如游泳或跑步；根据第四点建议Find something — swimming, running or climbing - that makes you excited and feel alive.可知说法正确。综合以上分析，所以选D。
9. D【解析】题意：在做了一些不常做的事情之后，除了 ，你可以做以下的事情。考查细节判断。A. 做不同的运动；B. 按摩你的脖子；C. 睡前洗个热水澡；D. 长时间看手机。根据lf you know you’ve done something that puts you a risk, massage your neck , do it with different exercises and take a warm bath before bed.可知A、B、C三项都有助于避免颈部疼痛，故选D。
10. C【解析】题意：这篇短文主要告诉我们如何避免颈部疼痛。考查主旨理解。A. 如何做好运动；B. 经常锻炼对人们有好处；C. 如何避免颈部疼痛；D. 健康是最重要的。根据How to avoid a sore neck? Here are the things you should know.可知，介绍的是如何避免颈部疼痛的建议，故选C。
【点睛】
阅读理解是最能体现学生英语能力的题型，分值较高，如何通过解题方法的掌握来提升自己解答阅读理解题的技巧是学生最关心的问题。初中阅读理解一般考查学生的细节理解能力，主旨理解能力和推理判断能力。做阅读理解题，首先要准确理解题意，然后根据题意根据短文内容做出正确的答案。（1）考查细节理解能力，此类型题较简单，准确理解题意后，直接到文中找出答案。（2）考查猜词能力。做这种题型时，要根据上下文意思准确猜出词意。例如小题1，问加下划线的it指什么?根据上文This will often depend on how high your chair is和下文to achieve good results可知要及时调整椅子的高度，it指的是椅子the chair，故选B。（3）考查推理判断能力，此类题型较难，准确理解题意后，在文中找出相关的内容做出合理的推断。（4）考查主旨理解题。此类题型需通读全文，整体把握，根据文本主要内容选择合适的选项。
（三）【2019 • 新疆维吾尔族自治区】
What does Beijing’s Palace Museum look like at night? Many people don’t know the answer to this question, as it closes at around 4:30 p. m. in winter and 5:00 p. m. in summer. However, to celebrate the Lantern Festival, Beijing’s Palace Museum opened its door to the public after dark — for two nights only. That’s a first in 94 years! Although people could get free tickets on the museum’s website, it was difficult to get a ticket. The website even stopped working for a while because too many people visited it at the same time. Zhang Zhifu, a 77-year-old woman, received a ticket from the museum as a gift.＂I grew up in Beijing and I visited the Palace Museum every year, but I never got to see it at night. It is truly an honor.＂ She said.
In the past celebrating the Lantern Festival was a tradition for the imperial(皇帝的) family. ＂We want to pass the tradition on and give people more festival experience.＂ Said Shan Jixiong, the head of the Palace Museum. On the night of February 19th, 2019, about 3,000 visitors spent the Lantern Festival in the Palace Museum.
11. Beijing’s Palace Museum closes at around 4:30 p.m. in .
A. spring B. summer C. autumn D. winter
12. To celebrate the Lantern Festival. Beijing’s Palace Museum opened after dark for only.
A. one night B. two nights C. three nights D. four nights
13. The museum’s website even stopped working for a while because .
A. too many people visited it at the same time
B. there weren’t enough tickets
C. the Palace Museum was too crowded
D. no body wanted to see the Palace Museum at night
14. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. Nobody received a ticket as a gift.
B. The Palace Museum never opened after dark.
C. Zhang Zhifu grew up in Beijing.
D. No visitors went to the Palace Museum in 2019.
15. It is on February 19th, 2019.
A. National Day
B. the Lantern Festival
C. the Dragon Boat Festival
D. Mid-Autumn Festival
【文章大意】这篇短文主要介绍了晚上北京博物馆的样子。
11. D【解析】细节理解题。文中第一段中的＂as it closes at around 4:30p.m in the winter＂可知北京故宫博物馆在冬天时是 4：30 关门的。故选D。
12. B【解析】细节理解题。文中第一段中的＂Beijing’s Palace Museum opened its door to the public after dark—for two nights only.＂可知北京故宫博物馆在晚上对大众开放两晚。故选B。
13. A【解析】细节理解题。文中第二段中的＂The website even stopped working for a while because too many people visited it at the same time.＂可知网站停止工作是因为同一时间有太多 人访问。B、C 项文中没有提及，D 选项是错误，由文中第二段＂it was difficult to get a ticket.＂可知，想要的得到票的人要多，导致一票难求。故选A。
14. C【解析】细节理解题。文中第二段中的＂I grew up in Beijing and I visited the Palace Museum every year.＂可知这位老人是在北京长大的，C 选项正确。A 项错误，由第二段 Zhang Zhifu, a 77-year-old woman, received a ticket from the museum as a gift.可知，张芝傅是就收到了票。B 项错误，第一段就说明博物馆夜间向大众开放了两晚，这是 九十四年来的第一次。选项错误，与文中最后一句句意相反＂On the night of February 19th,2019, about 3,000 visitors spent the Lantern Festival in the Palace Museum.＂在 2019 年 2 月 19 日的晚上，有大约 3000 人参观博物馆。故选C。
15. B【解析】细节理解题。文中最后一句＂On the night of February 19th,2019, about 3,000 visitors spent the Lantern Festival in the Palace Museum.＂可知 2019 年 2 月 19 日 3000 人在博物馆一起度过了 the Lantern Festival（元宵节）。故选B。
（四）【2019 • 广东省广州市】
While the start of a new school year is always exciting, this year was even more so for some students at White Cloud Primary School. They became the world’s first kids to be taught by an electronic teacher. This electronic teacher is not a human-like robot walking around the classroom. Instead, he is a computer-created head that appears, when needed, on students computer or phone screens. His name is Bill.
Created by technology company Smart Machines, Bill is able to show human-like behavior. He is designed to teach a special program about environmental-friendly power created by the sun and wind. This program, started in 2005, used to be taught by human teachers.
Just like human teachers, Bill is able to immediately respond to the students’ questions and opinions about the topic. Thanks to computer cameras, he is also able to see and react to students physical actions. For example, if a student smiles at Bill, he responds by smiling back. This two-way exchange helps get the students’ attention. More importantly, it allows the program developers to improve Bills behavior and knowledge base when needed.
The program has been a great success, according to Smart Machines spokesman Robert Frost Frost says, ＂What is interesting to me is the children’s reaction to Bill. He really captures their attention.＂ Frost thinks kids don’t find the experience of being taught by smart machines as strange as older people because they have grown up in a time of computers and smart phones.
It is doubtful, however, that human educators will lose their jobs to Bill any time soon. For one, his talking head’s knowledge base is not large. More importantly, even the smartest computer programs can’t guess and react to all the unexpected situations that educators face daily. Bill’s future might be as a ＂personal tutor＂, providing kids with one-on-one help for different subjects and topics.
16. What is Bill?
A. A human-like robot.
B. A kind of computer game.
C. A computer recording tool.
D. A computer-created talking head.
17. How does the two-way exchange help the program developers?
A. It lets them correct students’ mistakes.
B. It allows Bill to respond more quickly.
C. It helps them know how to improve Bill.
D. It helps them study students’ body language.
18. The underlined word ＂they＂ in Paragraph 4 refers to
A. Kids.
B. Older people.
C. Smart machines.
D. Program developers.
19. What is Bill NOT good at doing?
A. Attracting students’ attention.
B. Understanding body language.
C. Responding to students’ questions.
D. Dealing with unexpected situations.
20. How might Bill be used in the future according to the last paragraph?
A. To work as human classroom teachers.
B. To encourage students’ interest in computers.
C. To give students personal help with different subjects.
D. To watch over the behavior of the students in the classroom.
【文章大意】这篇短文讲述的是在新的学年里，白云小学的学生将会成为世界上第一批有电子教师授课的孩子。这个电子老师不是机器人，而是一个电脑制作的脑袋，当学生需要时，它就会出现在电脑或手机的屏幕上，他的名字叫Bill。他能回应学生们的肢体动作，和学生交流，很受学生们的欢迎。但他也有缺点。
16. D【解析】细节理解题。根据短文第一段中Instead, he is a computer-created head that appears, when needed, on students computer or phone screens. His name is Bill可知，Bill是一个由电脑产生，并出现在学生的电脑或手机屏幕的头像。由此可知应选D。
17. C【解析】细节理解题。根据短文第三段的最后一句话More importantly, it allows the program developers to improve Bills behavior and knowledge base when needed可知，这种双向交流的方式有助于程序开发者去做进一步的改进。故应选C。
18. A【解析】词义猜测题。根据短文第四段Frost thinks kids don’t find the experience of being taught by smart machines as strange as older people because they have grown up in a time of computers and smart phones可知，they指代前面出现的kids，孩子们，意为＂孩子们是在电脑和智能手机的时代长大的＂。故应选A。
19. D【解析】细节理解题。根据短文第五段More importantly, even the smartest computer programs can’t guess and react to all the unexpected situations that educators face daily.可知，最聪明的电脑程序也不能应对突发状况。由此可知应选D。
20. C【解析】细节理解题。根据短文最后一段Bill’s future might be as a ＂personal tutor＂, providing kids with one-on-one help for different subjects and topics.可知，Bill将来可能被用作一个＂私人导师＂，一对一地帮助孩子们的各个科目。由此可知应选C。
（五）【2019 • 黑龙江省大庆市】
Shenzhen, Jan 1st, 2018—Shenzhen has become the world’s first city to make about 16,359, run on electricity(电；电能）. 12,518 taxis in the city are electric ones. "We will replace（替换）the rest of the taxis with electric ones by 2020," said Mr. Chen from the government.
"I have been a driver for twenty years," said Mr. Zhang, a driver who started to drive electric buses a month ago. "We had a lot of training and passed strict exams before we were allowed to drive the electric buses."
The city has built 8,000 charging poles（充电桩）and 501 bus charging stations. "A bus can be fully charged in two hours and the charging poles can serve 300 buses a day at our station. Since the replacement, the bus station has become quiet." said Mr. Guan, the manager of Qinghu Bus Station.
The use of electric buses and electric taxis plays an important role in making air fresher. In a year, the electric buses use 72.9 % less energy than the traditional ones. The electric taxis will save the energy of 119,000 tons of standard coal.
Shenzhen was one of the first 13 cities to take part in the National New-Energy Vehicle Program. In 2017, the city spent 3.3 billion yuan on electric buses and the charging equipment（设备）. The city also encourages people to bus new-energy cars or electric cars by spending less money.
21. How many electric taxis were there in Shenzhen in January, 2018?
A. 8,000. B. 12,518. C. 16,359. D. 11,900.
22. To drive an electric bus, a driver should _________.
A. have at least 20 years’ driving experience
B. charge the electric bus every day
C. take part in the National New-Energy Vehicle Program
D. have a lot of training and pass strict exams
23. What is the influence of the replacement according to Mr. Guan?
A. 200 buses can be charged a day.
B. It causes air to be worse.
C. The bus station has become quiet.
D. People will pay more if they buy e-cars.
24. The city encourages people to _________.
A. buy new-energy cars or electric cars by spending less money
B. spending more money in buying new cars
C. use traditional cars as long as possible
D. avoid driving electric buses
25. The passage is most probably taken from _________.
A. a textbook B. a diary C. a story book D. a news report
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了深圳市参加了全国新能源汽车计划，把大量的公车和出租车换成了电动汽车，电动公共汽车和电动出租车的使用在空气清新方面起着重要作用。并说明了目前的情况及其影响。
21. B【解析】细节理解题。根据短文开头的句子Shenzhen, Jan 1st, 2018—Shenzhen has become the world’s first city to make about 16,359, run on electricity(电；电能）. 12,518 taxis in the city are electric ones. 可知，2018年1月在深圳有12518辆出租车是电动的。故答案选B。
22. D【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的句子＂We had a lot of training and passed strict exams before we were allowed to drive the electric buses.＂可知，驾驶电动公共汽车，司机应该经过大量的培训，并通过严格的考试。故答案为D。
23. C【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中的句子＂Since the replacement, the bus station has become quiet." said Mr. Guan, the manager of Qinghu Bus Station.＂可知，更换电动公共汽车后，汽车站变得安静多了，故答案为C。
24. A【解析】细节理解题。根据短文最后一句＂The city also encourages people to bus new-energy cars or electric cars by spending less money.＂ 该市还鼓励人们少花钱购买新能源汽车或电动汽车。故答案为A。
25. D【解析】推理判断题。本文主要介绍了深圳将公交车和出租车置换为电动车的举措和意义。由此判断这篇文章出自新闻报道，故答案为D。
（六）【2019 • 湖北省黄石市】
Earlier this year, China achieved a new milestone（里程碑） in space exploration. On Jan 3, Chang’e 4 became the first space probe（探测器） in history to successfully land on the far side (dark side) of the moon. After a 26-day journey, it touched softly down on a crater. The whole process of landing lasted 12 minutes, which opened a new page in history of mankind’s space exploration.
The far side of the moon is the side that we can not see. We don’t know much about it. This landing is of great importance. The far side of the moon is an ideal(理想的) place for scientific research. It may have unique minerals(矿物质) and other resources. Scientists can make clearer observations of deep space from there.
Chang’e 4 has sent back photos of the far side of the moon. It is also being used to carry out experiments. The data(数据) collected from these experiments could be used to help us build a base on the moon in the future. The success of the Chang’e 4 mission(任务) is a major achievement for China’s space program.
China launched its lunar(月球的) exploration program in 2004, naming it Chang’e. Chinese scientists set three goals—＂orbiting(环绕运行) , landing and sample(样本) returning＂. Chang’e 4 has realized the second goal. The third will be achieved during the Chang’e 5 mission, which is set to take place before the end of this year.
Following the success of the Chang’e missions, Chinese scientists are looking even farther into our solar system(太阳系) . China’s first Mars mission is expected to be carried out by 2020.
26. Chang’e 4 is the first space probe in the world to land __________.
A. in deep space B. on the moon
C. on the near side of the moon D. on the far side of the moon
27. What’s the most important about the landing place?
A. It’s far from the earth. B. It has many resources.
C. It’s ideal for scientific research. D. It’s dark and unknown.
28. The underlined word ＂observations＂ in paragraph 2 means __________.
A. 学习 B. 观察 C. 描述 D. 庆祝
29. Which of the following is the second goal of China’s lunar exploration grogram?
A. Landing on the moon. B. Bring some samples back to the earth.
C. Building a base on the moon. D. Travelling around the moon.
30. What can be the best title of the passage?
A. The Space Probe. B. Exploring the Moon.
C. The Three Goals. D. Exploring the Mars.
【文章大意】本篇文章难度适中，主要讲述嫦娥四号成为历史上第一个登录月球背面的重要事件，标志着我国深空探索进入了新的阶段，随着嫦娥任务的成功，科学家正在进一步探索我们的太阳系，中国第一个火星任务将在2020年完成。
26. D【解析】细节理解题。根据On Jan 3, Chang’e 4 became the first space probe（探测器） in history to successfully land on the far side (dark side) of the moon可知，嫦娥四号是世界上第一个登录到月球背面的探测器，故选D。
27. C【解析】细节理解题。根据This landing is of great importance. The far side of the moon is an ideal (理想的) place for scientific research可知，它是科学研究的理想场所，故选C。
28. B【解析】词义猜测题。根据It may have unique minerals (矿物质) and other resources. Scientists can make clearer observations of deep space from there可知，它可能有独特的矿物质和其他的资源，而且科学家能够对深空进行更清晰的观察，所以observation的意思为观察，故选B。
29. A【解析】细节理解题。根据Chinese scientists set three goals—＂orbiting (环绕运行 ) , landing and sample (样本 ) returning＂可知，中国科学家制定了三个目标：环绕运行、登录和采集样本返回三个阶段，所以第二阶段是登录月球，故选A。
30. B【解析】主旨大意题。根据全文可知，本文主要讲述嫦娥四号登录到月球背面这一重大事件，并且讲述月球探险项目的目标以及此次事件的意义。都是围绕探险月球展开的，故选B。
【点睛】
解答词义猜测题时，可以使用如下技巧：1、根据上下文来猜测词义；2、通过同义词或近义词来猜测词义；3、通过构词法来猜测词义；4、通过定义或释义来猜测词义；5、通过句法功能来猜测词义；6、通过转折和因果关系来猜测词义；7. 通过生活常识来猜测词义。对于这类题采取＂代入法＂也非常有效，即将备选答案逐一代入文中，哪一个选项能使句子的意思通顺、连贯，且与上下文的内容一致，哪一个选项就是该题的正确答案。例如第3题。
（七）【2019 • 广西省北部湾经济区】
Are you afraid of going to the dentist(牙医)? If so, you’re not alone.
These fears could just be in our heads, however. According to a recent survey by Martin Tickle, a professor at Manchester University in the UK, the pain isn’t felt most of the time in dental surgeries(牙科手术). In fact, among the 451 interviewed patients, 75％ reported no pain at all during their visits, including situations when they had their teeth pulled out.
Could it be the sound of the drill(钻头) then?
＂I found that the sound of drilling can evoke deep worry in dental patients. Actually they don’t have any pain. " Hiroyuki Karibe, a scientist at Nippon Dental University in Tokyo, told the Guardian.
To find the reason why a drill might bring on a racing heart, Karibe divided the volunteers into low-fear and high-fear groups based on how much they feared a trip to the dentist. Volunteers were played the sound of a drill while their brain activities were watched by a machine.
What Karibe found in the low-fear group was increased activity in the areas of the brain relative to auditory processing(听觉处理), which means, for these people, the sound of dental drills is no different from other sounds
In the high-fear group, however, the brain area that was activated(激活)was different. It was the area that carries out a number of duties, including learning, feelings and, most importantly, memory. This means that these volunteers not only heard the sound, but they remembered it-they made connections between the sound of a drill and the worry it produced in the past, causing their worry to return.
Understanding how brains reply to the sounds of dentists ‘ drills could help scientists find ways to make patients more relaxed, according to Karibe, because patients who worry about going to the dentist might keep putting off their visits. But the best way is to keep your teeth healthy.
31. How does the writer explain that the pain isn’t felt most of the time in dental surgeries?
A. By showing facts with numbers. B. By asking questions one by one.
C. By giving examples group by group. D. By comparing results of patients.
32. According to the fourth paragraph, what does the word "evoke＂ mean in Chinese?
A. 减轻 B. 引起 C. 显示 D. 阻止
33. How did the sound of drilling produce different results to the volunteers in the study?
A. It produced some worry in the volunteers in the low-fear group
B. For the low-fear group, it activated the brain area dealing with learning, feelings and memory
C. For the high-fear group, it caused more activities in the brain area relative to auditory processing.
D. It made people in the high-fear group remember their past uncomfortable memories.
34. What is the last paragraph mainly about?
A. How the study might be useful.
B. Some new ways to treat teeth
C. The proper way to treat dental patients.
D. The importance of keeping our teeth healthy.
35. What’s the purpose of the passage?
A. To show us different areas of fear in brains.
B. To introduce us a recent survey by a scientist.
C. To help us have less fear of a trip to the dentist.
D. To make it clear that the sound of drilling is not terrible.
【文章大意】你害怕去看牙医吗？英国曼彻斯特大学(Manchester University)教授马丁•蒂克尔(Martin Tickle)最近进行的一项调查显示，在牙科手术中，大部分时间都感觉不到疼痛。东京日本牙科大学的科学家Hiroyuki Karibe告诉《卫报》，他发现钻孔的声音能引起牙科病人深深的担忧，事实上他们没有任何疼痛。为了找出钻牙可能导致心跳加速的原因，Karibe根据志愿者对牙医的恐惧程度将他们分为低恐惧组和高恐惧组来进行试验，Karibe说，了解大脑是如何对牙医的牙钻声做出反应的，可以帮助科学家找到让病人更放松的方法。
31. A【解析】细节理解题。根据文中的信息In fact. among the 451 interviewed patients，75％ reported no pain at all during their visits, including situations when they had their teeth pulled out.可知，作者在解释牙科手术中，疼痛并不是大多数时候都能感觉到的，是用数字来说明事实的，故答案选A。
32. B【解析】词义猜测题。根据下文Actually they don’t have any pain.事实上他们没有任何疼痛，结合本句I found that the sound of drilling can evoke deep worry in dental patients.我发现钻孔的声音能…牙科病人深深的担忧。可知事实上他们没有任何疼痛，但钻孔的声音能引起牙科病人深深的担忧，所以此处表达的是＂引起＂，故答案选B。
33. D【解析】细节理解题。根据文中的信息In the high-fear group，…they made connections between the sound of a drill and the worry it produced in the past, causing their worry to return.可知，在高恐惧组中，人们会想起他们过去不舒服的记忆，故答案选D。
34. A【解析】段意归纳题。根据Understanding how brains reply to the sounds of dentists ‘ drills could help scientists find ways to make patients more relaxed,可知，本段主要讲述的是这项研究可能会有多大的用处，故答案选A。
35. B【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了科学家最近所做的试验，研究大脑是如何对牙医的牙钻声做出反应的，结合选项可知B选项＂给我们介绍科学家最近做的一项调查研究。＂符合题意，故答案选B。
（八）【2019 • 山东省聊城市】
I come from Cambridge, a beautiful city in the east of England. It is on the River Cam and has a population of about 120, 000. My home town is especially famous for its university. Many famous people studied here, such as Isaac Newton and Charles Darwin. There are lots of old buildings and churches to visit. Students and tourists enjoy trips along the river by boat.
Cambridge is 80 kilometers from London. London is in the south of England and it is on the River Thames. It has a population of about; seven and a half million, so it is bigger and busier than Cambridge. It is about 2, 000 years old, and it is famous for Big Ben, Buckingham Palace and Tower Bridge.
England itself is part of an island, and you are always near the sea. The small villages and beaches on the coast are popular for holidays. Tourists like the areas of low mountains and beautiful lakes in the north, and the hills and pretty villages in the south. Everywhere in England, you will notice how green the countryside is.
It is never very hot in summer or very cold in winter. So come and see England any time of the year, but bring an umbrella with you. It rains a lot all year round. You will need it most days.
36. Cambridge is .
A. in the east of England B. in the south of England
C. on the River Thames D. far from the River Cam
37. How many examples of famous people are mentioned in the passage?
A. One. B. Two. C. Three. D. Four.
38. What can we know about Cambridge and London?
A. Cambridge is much busier than London.
B. London is 2, 000 kilometers from Cambridge.
C. Cambridge has more famous buildings than London.
D. London has a much bigger population than Cambridge.
39. Tourists like in the south of England.
A. the churches B. the low mountains
C. the pretty villages D. the beautiful lakes
40. It is in England.
A. very hot in summer B. very cold in winter
C. not very cold in winter D. not rainy all year round
【文章大意】短文介绍了英国剑桥和伦敦两座城市。剑桥以大学而闻名，许多著名的人在这里学习，有许多古老的建筑和教堂值得参观。伦敦在英国南部，人口750万，大约有2000年的历史，以大本钟、白金汉宫和塔桥而闻名。英国是个岛国，风景优美，气候宜人，是旅游度假的好去处。
36. A【解析】细节理解题。根据短文开头的句子＂I come from Cambridge, a beautiful city in the east of England.＂可知，剑桥是英国东部一座美丽的城市。故答案为A。
37. B【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中的句子＂Many famous people studied here, such as Isaac Newton and Charles Darwin.＂ 许多著名的人在这里学习，如艾萨克牛顿和查尔斯达尔文。可知文章中列举了两个名人，故答案为B。
38. D【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中的句子＂It is on the River Cam and has a population of about 120, 000.＂可知，剑桥有12万人；根据第二段中的句子＂It has a population of about; seven and a half million, so it is bigger and busier than Cambridge.＂可知，伦敦有大约750万人口，因此说伦敦的人口比剑桥多得多。故答案选D。
39. C【解析】细节理解题。根据文中句子＂Tourists like the areas of low mountains and beautiful lakes in the north, and the hills and pretty villages in the south.＂游客喜欢北部的低山、美丽的湖泊，以及南部的丘陵和美丽的村庄。故答案为C。
40. C【解析】细节理解题。根据短文最后一段中的句子＂It is never very hot in summer or very cold in winter.＂ 在英国夏天不是太热，冬天也不太冷。故答案选C。
（八）【2019 • 山东省聊城市】

41. The letter was written by .
A. Rita B. Sue C. Anna D. Martin
42. Anna thought that was the greatest invention.
A. the high-speed railway B. the shared bike
C. the Internet D. the online shopping
43. ＂The Internet has made the impossible possible＂ means ＂ ＂.
A. People spent a long time to reach their places
B. Many things can be done now because of the Internet
C. People could hardly talk with foreigners
D. The Internet is just like a net
44. The article doesn’t mention that people can use the Internet to .
A. know the world news B. do online shopping
C. watch movies D. learn how to drive
45. For what purpose does the writer write the letter?
A. To warn others how to make use of the Internet.
B. To tell people the communication ways in the past.
C. To talk about his opinions about the greatest invention.
D. To make people know about the problems of the Internet.
【文章大意】本篇文章难度适中，主要讲述作者认为网络使最伟大的发明，并给出原因，如可以和外国人联系、网上购物、网上办公、远程教育、在网上看电影、听音乐、打游戏等。
41. D【解析】推理判断题。根据Dear Rita可知,作者写信给Rita，所以丽塔不是作者本人，排除A；根据I have also discussed it with my best friends, Anna, Sue and Kris可知，作者的朋友有安娜、苏和克里斯，所以作者不可能是苏和安娜，排除B和C。所以作者可能是马丁，故选D。
42. A【解析】细节理解题。根据Anna thinks it is the high-speed railway可知，安娜认为高铁是最伟大的发明，故选A。
43. B【解析】句意猜测题。根据In the past, it was nearly impossible for people to communicate immediately with people in other countries. They had to spend a long time to reach their destination, and not everyone could do that. But the Internet has made the impossible possible可知，在过去，对于人们来说立即和其他国家的人们交流是不可能的，他们不得不花费很长时间到达他们的目的地，并且不是每一个人都能这么做。但是网络已经让不可能变成可能。所以由于网络，现在许多事都可以完成，故选B。
44. D【解析】细节理解题。根据The Internet also helps us know what is happening around the world, and has made our life and work easier. In recently years, shopping online is very popular以及Besides, we can watch movies, listen to music and even play games to relax ourselves on the Internet可知，网络能够帮助我们知道全世界发生了什么事情，让我们的生活和工作变得更简单。在最近几年，网购非常流行，除此之外，我们可以在网上看电影、听音乐甚至打游戏来让我们自己放松。所以文中提到了知道世界新闻、网购以及看电影，而未提到学习开车，故选D。
45. C【解析】根据Last time you asked me about the greatest invention in my eyes、and I prefer the Internet＂上次你问我在我的眼中最伟大的发明是什么，我更喜欢网络＂，下文举出网络的优点。以及根据So I think that Internet is one of the greatest inventions＂所以我认为网络使最伟大的发明之一＂可知，本文的主要目的是谈论他对于最伟大的发明的观点。故选C。
（九）【2019 • 山东省聊城市】

People in different countries speak different languages. But is there a language that can be understood by everyone in the world? If there is, the answer might be EMOJIS(表情符号).
Emojis are a kind of special language. Pictures are used to put meaning across. A group called the Unicode Consortium works on choosing emojis. It has added new emojis every year since 2014. They show what people think about and like.
Emojis can be used to represent(代表) different groups of people. In 2015, emoji faces with different skin tones(肤色) were added. In 2016, different jobs were added , such as doctor, police officer and painter. This year, emojis of disabled people were added including emojis of blind people and people in wheelchairs.
But there is also more to emojis. They can also refer to(指的是) pop culture and new cultural trends(潮流).
New emojis in 2019 also include several animals, such as sloths(树懒) and flamingos(火烈鸟). These animals are not very common, but are known to many people. For example, sloths have become popular because of the 2016 film Zootopia(《疯狂动物城》). Many fashion designers(设计师) have included flamingos in their designs in recent years. This animal makes people feel like they’re on a vacation.
It seems that emojis are a mirror of the world we live in. It will be interesting to see how they change and grow in the years to come.
46. Emojis use to express ideas.
A. music B. sounds C. words D. pictures
47. What does the underlined word ＂it＂ in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A. The Unicode Consortium. B. An emoji. C. A country. D. A language.
48. In which year were emojis of disabled people added?
A. In 2014. B. In 2015. C. In 2016. D. In 2019.
49. According to the passage, emojis include the following EXCEPT .
A. people with different skin tones B. popular films
C. some interesting animals D. different jobs
50. Which sentence is Not True according to the passage?
A. People all over the world might understand emojis.
B. Emojis can represent pop culture.
C. Many fashion designers used sloths in their works.
D. Emojis are changing and growing every year.
【文章大意】本文介绍了表情符号（emojis）。emojis可以被世界上每个人都理解。表情符号是一种特殊的语言。图片是用来表达意思的。emojis可以用来表示不同的人群。2015年，增加了不同肤色的表情面部。2016年，增加了医生、警官、油漆工等不同岗位。今年，增加了残疾人表情符号，包括盲人和轮椅上的人。2019年新的emojis还包括几种动物，如树懒和火烈鸟。最后说表情符号每年都在变化和成长。
46. D【解析】细节理解题。根据Emojis are a kind of special language. Pictures are used to put meaning across. 表情符号是一种特殊的语言。图片是用来表达意思的。可知，表情符号用图片来表达想法。故选D。
47. A【解析】细节理解题。句子It has added new emojis every year since 2014. 自2014年以来，每年都会增加新的表情符号。根据上文A group called the Unicode Consortium works on choosing emojis. 一个名为Unicode联合体的小组致力于选择emojis。可知，下文的代词It是指上文的Unicode联合体。故选A。
48. D【解析】细节理解题。根据This year, emojis of disabled people were added including emojis of blind people and people in wheelchairs. 今年，增加了残疾人表情符号，包括盲人和轮椅上的人。可知，是2019年加入了残疾人表情符号。故选D。
49. B【解析】细节理解题。由句子In 2015, emoji faces with different skin tones(肤色) were added. In 2016, different jobs were added , such as doctor, police officer and painter. New emojis in 2019 also include several animals, such as sloths(树懒) and flamingos(火烈鸟). 2015年，增加了不同肤色（肤色）的表情面部。2016年，增加了医生、警官、油漆工等不同岗位。2019年新的emojis还包括几种动物，如树懒和火烈鸟。可知，表情符号包括了：不同肤色的人；一些有趣的动物和不同的工作。不包括流行电影。故选B。
50. C【解析】细节理解题。根据But is there a language that can be understood by everyone in the world? If there is, the answer might be EMOJIS(表情符号).可知，全世界的人都可能理解表情符号。故选项A正确；由句子They can also refer to(指的是) pop culture and new cultural trends(潮流).可知，表情符号可以代表流行文化。因此选项B正确；根据Many fashion designers(设计师) have included flamingos in their designs in recent years. 近年来，许多时装设计师在设计中加入了火烈鸟。而不是树懒。因此选项C错误；根据短文的内容：2015年，增加了不同肤色（肤色）的表情面部。2016年，增加了医生、警官、油漆工等不同岗位。今年，增加了残疾人表情符号，包括盲人和轮椅上的人。2019年新的emojis还包括几种动物，如树懒和火烈鸟。以及短文的最后一句话It will be interesting to see how they change and grow in the years to come. 看到它们在未来的岁月里是如何变化和成长的，将是一件有趣的事情。可知，这些都说明了表情符号每年都在变化和成长。故选项D正确。所以本题不对的是选项C。
（十）【2019 • 山东省聊城市】
Do you often run outdoors to keep healthy? Have you ever thought about how running helps to clean up the earth? Sometimes a creative mind can bring us a win-win（双赢）situation.
Plogging，a new way to exercise，began in Sweden（瑞典）. The name ＂plogging＂ comes from two words-the Swedish（瑞典的）word "plocka＂，which means" to pick up（捡起）＂，and the word ＂jogging＂，which means" ＂to run slowly＂. A Swedish man called Erik started the movement. He saw rubbish here and there when riding to work each day. He became worried about the dirty environment and decided not to go to work by bike any more. Instead，he began to run to work and pick up the rubbish at the same time.
To his joy，more and more people followed him and soon plogging became popular.
Many people choose plogging instead of just jogging because they think plogging is a good way to help clean up the earth. Sometimes rubbish is difficult to collect because it may scatter all around. But if the runners pick up the rubbish on the way，it is quite different. After all，many hands make light work. Another reason is that plogging burns more calories（卡路里）. According to a research, plogging for 10minutes burns 48 calories，while usual jogging for 10 minutes burns about 39 calories.
Everyone on the earth should play a part in cleaning it up！It’s time for us to take action together. So ready? Let’s plog tomorrow！
根据短文内容选择最佳答案。
51. The underlined（划线的）word "scatter" in the passage means " ___________" in Chinese.
A. 爆炸 B. 集中 C. 散落
52. After Erik saw much rubbish, ___________.
A. he became worried B. he kept riding to work every day
C. he didn’t care and did nothing about it
53. People choose plogging because ___________.
A. there are too many bikes in the city
B. riding bikes is harmful to their health
C. it can help clean up the earth and burn more calories
54. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage？
A. Plogging started in Sweden.
B. Plogging for 10 minutes burns about 84 calories.
C. The name "plogging＂ comes from two English words.
55. What’s the best title for the passage？
A. A Bad Habit-Littering
B. The Best Sport-Jogging
C. A New Way to Exercise-Plogging
【文章大意】本文介绍了一种新型的健身运动方式-Plogging（拾荒慢跑），这项运动起源于瑞典，是一个叫埃里克的瑞典人发起了这场运动。让大家在锻炼身体的同时，也清洁了我们周围的生活环境。活动通过体育健身、绿色环保与社会公益有机融合的方式，让参与者在健身的同时关注环境健康、履行社会责任。
51. C【解析】词义猜测题。根据上下文的意思和平时生活实际，我们都知道：有时候垃圾很难收集起来，因为垃圾很容易到处散落，所以猜测单词＂scatter＂的意思是＂散落＂。答案为C。
52. A【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段第四行＂He saw rubbish here and there when riding to work each day. He became worried about the dirty environment and decided not to go to work by bike any more.＂可知，Erik看到到处都是垃圾后，很担心环境问题并且决定不再骑自行车去上班。故答案为A。
53. C【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段第一行＂Many people choose plogging instead of just jogging because they think plogging is a good way to help clean up the earth.＂和第三段第四行＂Another reason is that plogging burns more calories.＂可知，跑步捡垃圾可以帮助清洁地球并燃烧更多的卡路里。故答案为C。
54. A【解析】判断正误题。第二段第一句话提及＂Plogging, a new way to exercise, began in Sweden.＂拾荒慢跑是一种新型的运动方式，起源于瑞典，A选项正确；根据＂According to a research，plogging for 10 minutes burns 48 calories，while usual jogging for 10 minutes burns about 39＂calories. 拾荒慢跑)10分钟消耗48卡路里，B选项错误；根据The name＂plogging＂comes from two words-the Swedish（瑞典的）word "plocka＂，which means" to pick up（捡起）＂，and the word ＂jogging＂，which means＂to run slowly＂.可知，Plogging是瑞典语中"捡垃圾"(plocka)和"慢跑"(jogga)两个单词的合成。C选项错误。故答案选A。
55. C【解析】标题归纳题。本文主要中心大意是介绍一种新型的运动方式-Plogging（拾荒慢跑）。故选C。
【点睛】
标题归纳题是阅读理解中常见的一个题型，这类题主要是测试学生对一篇文章或一段文字的深层理解程度及在速读中准确把握文章主旨大意的能力。一般针对某一语段或某一语篇的主题标题或目的设题。这类题通常围绕一个中心思想展开，一些文章一开头便展示出文章的中心思想，第一段常常是内容的梗概，同时又表达了中心思想，也有一些文章的中心思想贯穿全文，并没有用一句话明确表达出来，这就要求学生学会归纳概括。每个段落往往也由一个主题句或几个陈述句构成，它们在句中的位置不同，有时在开头，首先点明本段大意，有时在结尾，总结本段大意。
2019年中考真题英语分项汇编

（一）【2019 • 江西省中考】
Everyone faces challenges in their life, but some are more important than others. Daniel Kish had serious problems with his eyes when he was born. And doctors took away both of his eyes before he was fourteen months old.
Soon after, however, he started to do an amazing thing. He started to make clicking(咔塔) sounds with his tongue（舌头） to help him move around. Much like a bat(蝙幅), he now moves about using sonar(声呐). He is so good at it that he can ride a bicycle in traffic. He and his group, World Access for the Blind, teach others how to use sonar. In this interview with National Geographic, Kish explains how the process works.
How does sonar work?
＂When I make a clicking sound, it makes sound waves. These waves reflect(反射) off surfaces all around and return to my ears. My brain then processes the sounds into images(图像). It’s like having a conversation with the environment
When you click, what do you see in your mind?
"Each click is like a camera flash. I make a 3D image of the things around me for hundreds of feet in every direction.＂
What is it like riding a bike using sonar?
＂It’s exciting and enjoyable but requires a lot of focus. I click up to two times per second,, much more than I usually do.＂
Is it dangerous to move around the world in this way?
"Much of the world lives in fear of things that we mostly imagine. I have a habit of climbing anything and everything, but I never broke a bone(骨头) as a kid.＂
How challenging is it to teach people to use sonar?
＂Many students are surprised how quickly results come. Seeing isn’t in the eyes, it’ s in the mind.＂
1. What’s the main idea of Paragraph 2?
A. Kish explains how sonar works.
B. Kish teaches people how to use sonar.
C. Kish started to move around using sonar.
D. Kish is good at riding a bicycle in traffic.
2. How does sonar work? Choose the right order.
a. The sound waves reflect off surfaces.
b. The person makes a clicking sound.
c. The brain makes images with the sounds.
d. The sound waves reach the persons ears.
A. b-a-c-d B. b-d-a-c C. a-b-d-c D. b-a-d-c
3. What can we know about Kish from the passage?
A. He always challenges himself bravely.
B. He lives in fear of things that he imagines.
C. He became blind when he was 14 years old.
D. He broke his bone when climbing as a child.
4. What would be the best title for the passage?
A. How Sonar Works.
B. Riding a Bike Using Sonar.
C. Seeing with the Mind.
D. How the Blind Move Around.
【文章大意】文章介绍了Daniel Kish因为严重的眼睛疾病，医生摘除了他的眼球，不久后，他就用舌头发出咔塔声来帮助他走路，就像蝙蝠一样，用声呐来走动，他解释了这个过程是怎么工作的，舌头发出的声音反射回到耳朵，然后大脑加工成图像，就像和环境对话，不是用眼睛看，而是用大脑看。
1. C【解析】段落大意题。根据He started to make clicking(咔塔) sounds with his tongue舌头) to help him move around. Much like a bat(蝙幅), he now moves about using sonar(声呐). 不久后，他就用舌头发出咔塔声来帮助他走路，就像蝙蝠一样，用声呐来走动，可知这一段主要讲诉Kish开始用声呐走动；故选C。
2. D【解析】顺序排列题。根据I make a clicking sound, it makes sound waves. hese waves reflect(反射) off surfaces all around and return to my ears. My brain then processes the sounds into images(图像).可知声呐工作的顺序是发出咔嗒声，声音从表面反射回来，到达人的耳朵，大脑把声音制成图像；故选D。
3. A【解析】细节理解题。根据Much of the world lives in fear of things that we mostly imagine I have a habit of climbing anything and everything, but I never broke a bone (骨头) as a kid.他没有生活在想象的恐惧中，也没伤到骨头，根据And doctors took away both of his eyes before he was fourteen months old.可知是14个月，不是14岁；根据文章内容，可知他总是勇敢地挑战自己；故选A。
4. C【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章介绍了Daniel Kish因为严重的眼睛疾病，医生摘除了他的眼球，不久后，他就用舌头发出咔塔声来帮助他走路，就像蝙蝠一样，用声呐来走动，他解释了这个过程是怎么工作的，舌头发出的声音反射回到耳朵，然后大脑大脑加工成图像，就像和环境对话，不是用眼睛看，而是用大脑看。可知这段的最好题目是＂用大脑看＂；故选C。
【点睛】
短文阅读，做题时要结合文章的特点，题目涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断，做题时要在了解文章大意的基础上，结合题目针对不同的题型采用不同的解答方式，比如细节理解题，我们要抓住里面的最有效的信息选择出正确的答案，总之理解透文章是做好一篇阅读理解的关键。例如：小题1 段落大意题。根据He started to make clicking(咔塔) sounds with his tongue舌头) to help him move around. Much like a bat(蝙幅), he now moves about using sonar(声呐). 不久后，他就用舌头发出咔塔声来帮助他走路，就像蝙蝠一样，用声呐来走动，可知这一段主要讲诉Kish开始用声呐走动；故选C。
（二）【2019 • 天津市中考】
There are many ways to help improve your health like eating healthy food. Taking exercise and getting medical help. But the easiest and cheapest way to improve your health is just to sleep eight hours or more every night. The general sleeping rule is that the younger you are, the longer sleep you need. But regardless of(不管) age, some people need to sleep more while for some a few hours is enough.
The problem with sleep is that more and more people in the world are not sleeping enough. According to the World Health Organization over half the people in the world may be sleep-deprived. Having less sleep not only makes people feel tired but also causes accidents. In the United States alone, sleepy drivers cause at least 100,000 traffic accidents a year. Also sleep problems can cause medical problems such as high blood pressure(血压).
Why are so many people sleep-deprived? Part of the reasons may be cultural. In the American culture, people put a higher value on work than on sleep. In fact, people who sleep a lot are usually seen as ＂lazy＂. Also, you can sometimes hear some people say proudly that they don’t have much time to sleep. they only sleep four or five hours a night. It seems that the less you sleep, the more work you’ll do.
How do we teach these people to learn the value of sleep? Perhaps they may listen to the advice of Dr. James Maas an expert(专家) in sleep. He says , ＂Sleep is like a credit (信用卡) card. When you sleep less. you are only borrowing time. You always have to pay it back. The more hours you don’t sleep, the more hours you should t sleep to ‘pay back’ the hours on your ‘sleepcredit card.’＂
For those who value work more than sleep, they should listen to what a famous person once said. ＂Don’t think you will be doing less work because you sleep during the night. That is a foolish(愚蠢的) idea which is held by people who have no imagination. You will be able to do more.＂
5. According to the writer, the easiest and cheapest way to improve health is to .
A. eat healthy food every day
B. take excrcisc as much as possible
C. get medical help whenever necessary
D. sleep eight hours or more every night
6. What does ＂slecep-deprived＂ mean in Paragraph 2?
A. Having a good sleep. B. Excited about sleep.
C. Having less sleep. D. Interested in sleep.
7. According to Dr. James Maas, what is sleep like?
A. An hour. B. A report.
C. A credit card. D. A piece of paper.
8. What do the words of the famous person mean in Paragragh 5?
A. Sleeping during the night is foolish.
B. Sleeping during the night is helpful.
C. People have no courage.
D. People always do less work.
9. What is the best title of the passage’?
A. The Value of Sleep
B. The Value of Study
C. The Ways of Eating Less
D. The Ways of Making Money
【文章大意】本文介绍了睡眠的价值。文章介绍了有很多方法可以帮助改善你的健康，但改善健康的最简单和最便宜的方法就是每晚只睡8个小时或更长时间。世界上越来越多的人睡眠不足。睡眠不足不仅使人感到疲劳，而且还会造成事故。文化是造成睡眠不足的原因之一。我们如何教这些人学习睡眠的价值？睡眠专家告诉我们：＂睡眠就像信用卡。当你睡眠不足时。你只是在借用时间。你总是要还钱。你不睡觉的时间越多，＂偿还＂你＂睡眠信用卡＂上的时间就越多。＂一位名人曾经说过：＂不要以为你会因为晚上睡觉而减少工作。这是一个没有想象力的人的愚蠢的想法。你可以做得更多。＂
5. D【解析】细节理解题。根据But the easiest and cheapest way to improve your health is just to sleep eight hours or more every night. 可知，但改善健康的最简单和最便宜的方法就是每晚只睡8个小时或更长时间。故选D。
6. C【解析】词意猜测题。A. Having a good sleep. 睡得好；B. Excited about sleep. 对睡眠感到兴奋。C. Having less sleep. 睡眠不足；D. Interested in sleep. 对睡眠感兴趣。句子According to the World Health Organization over half the people in the world may be sleep-deprived. 根据世界卫生组织的数据，世界上一半以上的人可能睡眠不足。因此sleep-deprived的意思是：睡眠不足。故选C。
7. C【解析】细节理解题。A. An hour.一个小时；B. A report.一份报告；C. A credit card.一张信用卡；D. A piece of paper.一张纸。根据Sleep is like a credit (信用卡) card.可知，睡眠就像信用卡。故选C。
8. B【解析】细节理解题。句子＂Don’t think you will be doing less work because you sleep during the night. That is a foolish(愚蠢的) idea which is held by people who have no imagination. You will be able to do more.＂ ＂不要以为你会因为晚上睡觉而减少工作。这是一个没有想象力的人的愚蠢的想法。你可以做得更多。＂这句话充分说明了晚上睡觉是有帮助的。故选B。
9. A【解析】推理判断题。A. The Value of Sleep睡眠的价值；B. The Value of Study学习的价值；C. The Ways of Eating Less少吃的方法；D. The Ways of Making Money赚钱的方式。根据There are many ways to help improve your health like eating healthy food. Taking exercise and getting medical help. But the easiest and cheapest way to improve your health is just to sleep eight hours or more every night. 有很多方法可以帮助改善你的健康，比如吃健康食品。进行锻炼并获得医疗帮助。但改善健康的最简单和最便宜的方法就是每晚只睡8个小时或更长时间。和句子How do we teach these people to learn the value of sleep? 我们如何教这些人学习睡眠的价值？可知，本文主要介绍了睡眠的价值。因此最好的题目是The Value of Sleep. 故选A。
【点睛】
词义猜测题是阅读理解中常见的一种题型，所猜测词汇可以是生词，也可以是熟词新义，还可以是人称代词的指代内容。词义猜测题主要考查考生根据上下文推测词义和语义的能力，突出考查对语境的分析和把握能力。常见的猜词法有：(1)利用上下文语境。猜测任何词义都离不开上下文，所以要借助上下文对需要猜测的词或短语进行合乎逻辑的推测。 (2)利用定义或解释性的线索。阅读文章中的有些生词往往在其后会有对该词进行解释说明的短语或句子，利用它们猜词义较容易 (3)利用文章的逻辑关系答题。如并列、对比、因果、转折关系等。这些逻辑关系往往通过一些相应的词或短语表达出来，如but, or, however, so, because等。(4)利用构词法知识答题。熟记一些前缀、后缀所表达的意思，不仅可以扩大词汇量，而且帮助我们猜测词义。第2小题的词义猜测题就是利用第1种解题方法。
（三）【2019 • 江苏省苏州市】
Every day there is less and less space on Earth for rubbish. Yet every day we make more and more rubbish. What can we do? We can recycle some of our rubbish. Recycling means that the rubbish will be made into something that can be used again.
Recycling helps Earth. And it saves space in rubbish dumps. Half of everything that we put into landfills could be recycled instead. In fact, most things made of paper, metal, glass and plastic can be recycled.
Paper can be broken into small pieces and made into new paper. Steel and aluminum cans（金属雄）can be melted down（熔化）and made into new cans. The same is true of glass bottles. This can be done over and over again. Recycling doesn’t take as much energy as making these things the first time. So we can use less of Earth’s fuel resources.
Plastic can be melted down, too. Then it can be formed into park benches, playgrounds and so on. Some people call plastic the "wood" of the future. Things made of plastic will last about 400 years-even if they stay outside in the weather. No wood can do that!

10. The underlined word "landfills" in Paragraph 2 probably means _____________.
A. bench factories B. places for rubbish
C. green mountains D. recycling centres
11. According to the passage, what happens last to the can?
A. The can is put into a recycling bin. B. The can is melted down and reused.
C. A steel can gets filled with corn. D. A person uses the corn in the can.
12. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. Cans should be melted down.
B. Old newspapers can be reused.
C. We can build benches that last 400 years.
D. We should recycle everything that we can.
【文章大意】本文关注的是地球污染问题，呼吁人们对垃圾进行回收再利用，保护地球。
10. B【解析】题意：第2段下划线的单词＂landfills＂意思可能是_____________。考查词义理解。put into投入/倾倒；根据上文And it saves space in rubbish dumps.和下文could be recycled instead.可知landfills是填埋垃圾的地方，places for rubbish符合句意，故选B。
11. B【解析】题意：根据这篇文章，罐子最后发生了什么?考查细节推断。根据Steel and aluminum cans can be melted down and made into new cans.可知可以熔化制成新罐，故选B。
12. D【解析】题意：这篇文章的主旨是什么?考查主旨理解。A. 罐头应该熔化。B. 旧报纸可以重复使用。C.我们可以建造使用400年的长椅。D. 我们应该回收我们能回收的一切。根据开头We can recycle some of our rubbish. Recycling means that the rubbish will be made into something that can be used again.可知短文介绍的是垃圾的回收再利用，故选D。
（四）【2019 • 浙江省宁波市】
Big data(数据) is a lot of sets of information that are put together so they can be used by a computer program. The computer program looks for different kinds of answers or patterns in the data. Big data can have different kinds of information from many sources, such as information that comes from schools, social media sites, companies and governments. One set of data can have people’s names and addresses. Another set can have what they like, where they go to school, and how much time they spend on the computer
Big data can be used in many ways. The government uses it to understand how many people travel on buses or trains. This information is then used to make bus or train systems better. Some schools use big data to understand which children may need extra help in class. The teacher can then give certain students more help or support so those students can succeed in school. Companies use big data, too. It helps them understand who buys their products. For example, one company uses weather data to see when people eat the most ice cream.
Big data can be used for good reasons. Some hospitals use big data to predict if a baby who is born too early will get sick. The hospital can then take extra steps to take care of that baby so he or she does not get sick. Big data can also be used for bad reasons. It can be used to predict which kinds of people are likely to break the law or hurt others, even if they have not done anything wrong.
How can big data be used for good and bad things? It is because the computer programs used to look at big data and understand it are written by people. People think a certain way. Because they think a certain way, they build a model of those ideas. These ideas are then used to look at the data. Sometimes, these ideas are helpful for people or businesses. Other times, bad ideas can cause problems for certain groups of people.
13. This reading is about _____________.
A. what big data is and how it is used
B. what schools and hospitals people like
C. where important data is collected and stored
D. how big data is controlled by governments and companies
14. One company uses weather information to _____________.
A. help children in need
B. know when people will visit the hospital
C. find out who tides the bus or train
D. understand when people will need ice cream
15. The main idea of Paragraph 3 is _____________.
A. big data can be used for good reasons
B. we can use big data in a number of ways
C. big data can be used for both good and bad reasons
D. we can use big data to prevent babies from getting sick
16. The overall tone(总基调) of this reading is _____________.
A. sad and personal B. personal and scientific
C. informative but silly D. scientific and informative
【文章大意】你了解大数据吗？大数据就是将很多信息放在一起，可以供计算机程序使用。短文中列举了很多使用大数据的方式，既有好的一些方面，也有不好的。
13. A【解析】主旨大意题。根据短文第一段的开头Big data(数据) is a lot of sets of information that are put together so they can be used by a computer program.和第二段的开头Big data can be used in many ways可知，这篇短文给我们讲述了＂什么是大数据＂以及＂大数据的使用＂，故A选项最符合文意，选A。
14. D【解析】细节理解题。根据短文第二段最后一句话For example, one company uses weather data to see when people eat the most ice cream.可知，某公司使用天气数据来查看人们什么时候吃的冰淇淋最多。由此可知应选D。
15. C【解析】细节理解题。根据这一段的开头Big data can be used for good reasons.以及第四句话Big data can also be used for bad reasons.可知，这一段中介绍了大数据用于好的一面以及不好的一面，并各自举例说明。故C选项符合文意。
16. D【解析】推理判断题。这篇短文给我们介绍了什么是大数据以及大数据的使用方式，整篇文章科学、客观，并使用了许多例子进行解释，使读者更容易理解。因此整篇文章的基调是科学而又具有教育性的，故应选D。
（五）【2019 • 四川省乐山市】
When he was nine years old, American boy Milo Cress had a question: How many plastic straws(吸管) do Americans use every day?
He quickly learned there wasn’t a simple answer. The boy tried to work it out himself. Through lots of research, Cress found out that Americans use about 500 million straws every day. In hopes of reducing plastic waste, he founded the Be Straw Free project in 2011.
Cress started the project in his hometown – Burlington, Vermont. He asked a local restaurant to stop offering straws with every drink order. It was a simple change. However, it would save money. And by doing that, the restaurant would cut down on its straw use by 50 percent.
For the years that followed, Cress tried to spread his project across the United States. More and more restaurants agreed to join. They stop providing the customer with a straw unless he or she asks for one. Last April, Seattle became the first American city to completely ban ( 禁 止 ) plastic straws.
Plastic pollution has been one of the most serious problems today. According to scientists, more than eight million tons of plastic end up in the ocean each year. Plastic straws are especially terrible. They make it easy for people to get comfortable with single-use plastics.
After his project became popular, Cress took his findings on the road. He has since spoken to tens of thousands of students around the world. He wants to encourage more people to say no to plastic straws.
＂Focusing(聚焦) on straws is one simple step we all could take,＂ Cress says. ＂And it makes me feel that I, as a kid, could make a difference, too.＂
17. When did Milo Cress start to care about the problem of straws?
A. Ten years ago. B. In the year 2011. C. In the year that he was 9.
18. Cress started the Be Straw Free project in order to _____________.
A. get a good score in science at his school
B. encourage people to reduce plastic waste
C. become a famous person in his hometown
19. What did Cress ask a restaurant in Burlington to do?
A. Stop offering straws to its customers.
B. Prevent people from using straws to drink.
C. Count the number of straws it uses every day.
20. Plastic straws are especially terrible because _____________.
A. they are the most serious problem today
B. scientists pay little attention to their influence
C. they help people get used to using single-use plastics
21. Over the years, Cress has _____________.
① spread his project across the United States
② asked Seattle to completely ban plastic bags
③ counted the plastic straws in the ocean every year
④ spoken to teens around the world about plastic waste
A. ①③ B. ②③ C. ①④
【文章大意】本篇文章难度适中，主要讲述如今白色污染已经是最严重的问题，一个九岁的孩子创建了一个项目希望减少白色污染，并且讲述了他为减少白色污染而做的努力。
17. C【解析】细节理解题。根据When he was nine years old, American boy Milo Cress had a question: How many plastic straws(吸管) do Americans use every day可知，在他9岁时，他关心吸管问题，故选C。
18. B【解析】细节理解题。根据In hopes of reducing plastic waste, he founded the Be Straw Free project in 2011可知，他创办这个项目的目的是为了减少白色污染，故选B
19. A【解析】细节理解题。根据He asked a local restaurant to stop offering straws with every drink order可知，他让伯灵顿的饭店不要主动向顾客提供吸管，故选A。
20. C【解析】细节理解题。根据Plastic straws are especially terrible. They make it easy for people to get comfortable with single-use plastics可知，他们使人们很容易适应一次性塑料，故选C。
21. C【解析】细节理解题。根据For the years that followed, Cress tried to spread his project across the United States可知，他尝试着将他的项目遍及整个美国，①是他做的；根据Last April, Seattle became the first American city to completely ban ( 禁 止 ) plastic straws可知，西雅图成为美国第一个全面禁止使用塑料吸管的城市，②错误；根据According to scientists, more than eight million tons of plastic end up in the ocean each year可知，科学家说每年有800万吨塑料被倒入海洋中，不是他计算的，排除③；根据He has since spoken to tens of thousands of students around the world可知，他对全世界许多学生说关于白色污染的问题，④正确，故选C。
【点睛】
细节理解题是考试时经常考查的一个题型。做细节理解题时，首先要先读题干，划题干中的关键词，再根据关键词定位至文中即可找到正确答案。
（六）【2019 • 湖南省郴州市】
In today’s world, almost everyone knows that air pollution and water pollution are harmful to people’s health. However, not all the people know that noise is also a kind of pollution, and that is harmful to human health, too.
People who work and live under noisy conditions usually become deaf. Today, scientists believe that 10% of the workers in Britain are becoming deaf because of the noise where they work. Many of the workers who print newspapers and who weave cloth（织布）become deaf. Plenty of people living near airports also become deaf. Recently it was discovered that many teenagers in America could hear no better than 65-year-old persons, because these young people like to listen to pop music and most of pop music is a kind of noise. Besides, noise which is produced by jet planes or machines will make people’s life difficult and unpleasant. It can make people ill or even drive them mad.
It is said that a continuous noise of more than 85 decibels（分贝）can cause deafness. Now the governments in many countries have made laws to control noise and make it less than 85 decibels.
In China, the government is trying to solve not only air and water pollution problems but also noise pollution problems.
22. Scientists believe 10% of the workers _____________ are becoming deaf because of their noisy workplaces.
A. in America B. in China C. in Britain
23. _____________ will probably become deaf.
A. Workers who print newspapers
B. People who live far from airports
C. Students who like listening to soft music
24. According to the passage, noise from jet planes or machines can _____________.
A. make people sleepy B. drive people mad C. cause people to die
25. The underlined word "continuous" means _____________ in Chinese.
A. 正常的 B. 持续的 C. 清晰的
26. What’s the best title of this passage?
A. Air Pollution B. Water Pollution C. Noise Pollution
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，说明了在今天的世界上，几乎每个人都知道空气污染对人们身体有害，然而，并不是所有人都知道噪声污染也对身体有害，声音超过85分贝，可以导致耳聋，所以在每个国家制定法律减少或控制噪音使它小于85分贝。
22. C【解析】细节理解题。根据文中Today, scientists believe that 10% of the workers in Britain are becoming deaf because of the noise where they work.可知，科学家们认为，英国有10%的工人因为工作场所嘈杂而耳聋。故选C。
23. A【解析】细节理解题。根据文中Many of the workers who print newspapers and who weave cloth（织布）become deaf.可知，印刷报纸的工人可能变聋。故选A。
24. B【解析】细节理解题。根据文中Besides, noise which is produced by jet planes or machines will make people’s life difficult and unpleasant. It can make people ill or even drive them mad.可知，根据通道，喷气式飞机或机器发出的噪音会使人发疯。故选B。
25. B【解析】词句猜测题。根据下文noise of more than 85 decibels（分贝）can cause deafness. Now the governments in many countries have made laws to control noise and make it less than 85 decibels.可知，据说持续超过85分贝的噪音会导致耳聋。continuous的意思是＂持续＂。故选B。
26. C【解析】标题判断题。通读整篇短文可知，这篇短文主要讲述了噪音污染的危害。故选C。
（七）【2019 • 浙江省杭州市】
Smile Train is a charity (慈善团体) that helps the millions of children around the world, who suffer from a facial defect (缺陷). The defect happens when a baby’s top lip or mouth doesn’t form properly before birth. Eating and drinking is very difficult for these babies. The charity provides free operations, which give these children a new smile, and with it, new hope and a new beginning.
Children with the defect need all the help. Although many sufferers are accepted by their families, sadly, others are not. In some countries, children with this defect are often abandoned at birth because their parents feel ashamed of them or cannot afford the operations. The good news is that the operation is not difficult. It takes less than an hour and costs the family nothing. The charity raises money and finds the right medical volunteers to perform the operations.
A Smile Train doctor from the UK said, ＂Each child who has the operation is given a second chance at life. After years of staying at home, the children can finally go to school and be happy. Every year I perform hundreds of operations free of cost through Smile Train. Some of the stories I have heard are quite surprising. One newborn baby girl was found abandoned on a train. Luckily for her, she was found and adopted (收养) by a passenger. This lady then heard about Smile Train and brought the baby to our hospital. I did the operation and gave hope to the family. Experienced doctors like me share our skills with local doctors. In this way we make sure that these operations will always be available.＂
27. Smile Train is a charity which _____________.
A. provides food and medical care for poor children
B. raises money for all the doctors working in the UK
C. offers free medical help to children with the facial defect.
D. gives children without parents new hope and a new beginning.
28. The underlined word ＂abandoned＂ in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _____________.
A. given up B. dressed up C. called up D. brought up
29. What did the doctor from the UK think of his volunteer work?
A. Dangerous. B. Surprising. C. Relaxing. D. Valuable.
30. It can be inferred from the passage that _____________.
A. children with the facial defect are becoming more ashamed than before
B. more doctors are trained to help children with the facial defect
C. fewer baby boys with the facial defect are operated on than girls
D. doctors in Smile Train are always well paid for doing the operations
【文章大意】这篇短文给我们介绍了一个慈善团体——微笑列车，这个组织是帮助全世界那些患有面部缺陷的儿童的，给他们提供手术，给这些孩子新的微笑、新的希望、新的开始。
27. C【解析】细节理解题。根据短文第一段第一句话和最后一句话Smile Train is a charity (慈善团体) that helps the millions of children around the world, who suffer from a facial defect (缺陷). ..The charity provides free operations, which give these children a new smile, and with it, new hope and a new beginning.可知，微笑列车是一个慈善团体，它帮助全世界那些患有面部缺陷的儿童，为他们提供手术。由此可知应选C。
28. A【解析】词义猜测题。根据单词所在的句子In some countries, children with this defect are often abandoned at birth because their parents feel ashamed of them or cannot afford the operations.可知，因为父母为这样的孩子感到羞耻或者不能提供手术的费用，这些孩子经常在出生时就被遗弃。given up放弃；dressed up盛装打扮；called up打电话；brought up抚养，提出。根据文章的语境分析可知应选A。
29. D【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段中这个医生所说的话Each child who has the operation is given a second chance at life. After years of staying at home, the children can finally go to school and be happy…I did the operation and gave hope to the family可知，他通过微笑列车做了几百个手术，给了这些孩子第二次生命，让这些孩子快乐的生活，给他们的家人带来了希望。由此可知推测，他觉得自己的这份工作是非常有价值的。Dangerous危险的；Surprising令人吃惊的；Relaxing令人放松的；Valuable有价值的。故应选D。
30. B【解析】推理判断题。根据短文的最后Experienced doctors like me share our skills with local doctors. In this way we make sure that these operations will always be available.可知，经验丰富的医生与当地的医生分享技术，确保手术的成功，由此可知B选项＂更多的医生被训练去帮助有面部缺陷的孩子们＂符合文意，故选B。
（八）【2019 • 浙江省杭州市】
A myth is something that is not correct, but many people believe. There are a lot of myths about the human brain.
One of the biggest myths is that we only use 10 percent of our brains. The next part of the myth is that if we can learn to use the rest of our brains, then we’ll be much smarter. People say this all the time, but it’s absolutely not true! The truth is that although we don’t know everything about the human brain, we know that each part of it has an important function (功能) . Modern scientists think the "10 percent myth" ridiculous (荒谬的) .
The other most popular myth is about being "right brained" or "left brained". According to this myth, people who use the right side of their brains are more artistic and creative. People who use the left side of their brains are better at math and science. This is as popular as the 10 percent myth, and it’s also wrong. In 2013, a study at an American university examined the right brain and left brain myth. According to the study, we use both sides of our brains equally (相等地). "
It’s true that we use different parts of our brains for different things. We use our left side for language more, and our right side when we need to pay attention. But there is no evidence (证据) that creative people use the right side more or that scientific people use the left side more.
We’ve talked about myths, so let’s look at a few interesting facts about the brain. First of all, the brain feels no pain. Second, about 75 percent of the brain is made of water. It’s also the fattest organ in your body. Here’s another interesting fact about the brain. Around the time you turn 18 years old, it stops growing.
31. The underlined word "This" in Paragraph 3 refers to ______________.
A. the left brain myth B. the right brain and left brain myth
C. the use of human brains D. the study of an American university
32. According to the facts mentioned in the passage, _____________ may use the left brain more.
A. Robert, who is learning English B. Kate, who is drawing pictures
C. Jenny, who is designing clothes D. Jacob, who is doing research
33. Which of the following is TRUE about the human brain?
A. It is growing all life long. B. The right side is used more by artists.
C. Some parts of it are not used at all. D. Three quarters of it is made of water.
34. The passage mainly tells about _____________.
A. the growing of the brain B. different functions of the brain
C. right brain and left brain D. myths and facts about the brain
【文章大意】文章是关于大脑的一些事情，有人说我们的大脑只是用了10%,如果我们能学会使用剩余部分我们会更聪明，科学家认为这种说法很荒谬，我们知道大脑的每一部分都有它的重要作用，还有另外一种说法就是左右脑的说法，说使用右脑的人更有艺术性和创造性，使用左脑的人更擅长数学和科学，美国的一项科学研究说我们使用左右脑是均衡的，脑子的不同部分有不同的作用，左边是语言中枢，当我们需要注意的时候使用右边。我们的大脑没有痛感，75%是水，它也是我们的身体最肥的组织，18岁脑子就停止生长。
31. B【解析】细节理解题。根据The other most popular myth is about being "right brained" or "left brained". According to this myth, people who use the right side of their brains are more artistic and creative. People who use the left side of their brains are better at math and science. 和as popular as the 10 percent myth,可知是左右脑的传说；故选B。
32. A【解析】细节理解题。根据We use our left side for language more,可知是学英语的；故选A。
33. D【解析】推理判断题。根据Around the time you turn 18 years old, it stops growing.可知A不对，根据But there is no evidence(证据) that creative people use the right side more or that scientific people use the left side more.可知B不对；根据Modern scientists think the "10 percent myth" ridiculous (荒谬的) .和It’s true that we use different parts of our brains for different things.可知C不对；根据about 75 percent of the brain is made of water.可知D是对的；故选D。
34. D【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章是关于大脑的一些事情，有人说我们的大脑只是用了10%,如果我们能学会使用剩余部分我们会更聪明，科学家认为这种说法很荒谬，我们知道大脑的每一部分都有它的重要作用，还有另外一种说法就是左右脑的说法，说使用右脑的人更有艺术性和创造性，使用左脑的人更擅长数学和科学，美国的一项科学研究说我们使用左右脑是均衡的，脑子的不同部分有不同的作用，左边是语言中枢，当我们需要注意的时候使用右边。我们的大脑没有痛感，75%是水，它也是我们的身体最肥的组织，18岁脑子就停止生长。可知文章主要是讲大脑的传说和事实的文章；故选D。
（九）【2019 • 山东省济宁市】

In a rainforest there are tall trees. The top of these trees is called the canopy. Scientists want to learn about the canopy. They want to learn about everything that lives there. But it has not been easy to get to the canopy.
Meg is an American biologist, ecologist, explorer, writer, educator, and public speaker. Since she knows a lot about trees, she is sometimes called Canopy Meg. Meg has always liked trees. When she was a child, she made tree houses. Now, she has climbed to the top of trees all over the world and does great research, so she has got a nickname called ＂Einstein of the treetops.＂
Walkways in the rainforest were Meg’s idea. Now, they are used by many people. A walkway is like a bridge that goes between the trees. It is safe and it doesn’t harm the trees. A walkway, however, cannon help scientists reach the top.
One way to reach the top is by a light raft filled with air. It has a huge net on it. A hot air balloon drops the raft onto the trees. Scientists can stand on the raft and look into the trees.
A tower crane is also a good way to get to the top. It can go above the tree tops. It can go all the way down to the ground, too. Scientists are learning about life in the canopy. They have learned there are millions of insects that are eating leaves in these treetops.
Meg’s job is to keep finding out more. She wants to help find the secrets of treetops. There are still millions of animals that no one has seen. Many of them are in the treetops.
35. What do scientists go to the treetops for?
A. To build walkways there. B. To learn about the rainforest.
C. To study living things there. D. To look at the things far away.
36. Why is Meg called "Einstein of the treetops?
A. Because she has always liked trees.
B. Because she made tree houses in her childhood
C. Because she is an American biologist and explorer.
D. Because she does great scientific research on treetops
37. How many ways of getting to the treetops are mentioned in the passage?
A. One B. Two. C. Three. D. Four
38. Which picture does a walkway look like?
A. B.
C. D.
【文章大意】文章讲述了Meg关于对树冠的研究，她在小时候就对树冠感兴趣，因此得到＂树梢的爱因斯坦＂的绰号，文章介绍了到达树梢的方法，一个可以用热气球，也可以用塔吊，科学家也研究树冠上的生命，树冠上有成百上千万的吃树叶的昆虫，Meg的工作是坚持弄清楚更多，树冠上仍然有成百上千万的没有人见过的。
35. C【解析】细节理解题。根据Scientists are learning about life in the canopy.可知是为了研究树梢的生物；故选C。
36. D【解析】细节理解题。根据does great research, so she has got a nickname called ＂Einstein of the treetops.＂可知是因为她对树冠做了伟大的科学研究；故选D。
37. B【解析】细节理解题。根据One way to reach the top is by a light raft filled with air.和A tower crane is also a good way to get to the top.可知提到了2个方法；故选B。
38. A【解析】图片匹配题。根据A walkway is like a bridge that goes between the trees.可知是像在两棵树之间走的桥，和图片；故选A。
【点睛】
短文阅读，做题时要结合文章的特点，题目涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断，做题时要在了解文章大意的基础上，结合题目针对不同的题型采用不同的解答方式，比如细节理解题，我们要抓住里面的最有效的信息选择出正确的答案，总之理解透文章是做好一篇阅读理解的关键。例如：小题3细节理解题。根据One way to reach the top is by a light raft filled with air.和A tower crane is also a good way to get to the top.可知提到了2个方法；故选B。
2019年中考真题英语分项汇编

（一）【2019 • 重庆市中考】
Cinyee Chiu, an artist from Taiwan, is always happy to try something new. Her amazing works won lots of prizes. Among them, ＂24 Solar Terms(节气)＂ is the most popular.
Ancient Chinese divided a year into 24 parts according to the changes of the weather. It’s the 24 solar terms. But not everyone knows them well. Cinyee Chiu put the 24 solar terns in pictures to help people understand them better.
Cinyee turned each solar term into an animal. But these animals are not just animals. You can also find seasonal fruits, vegetables or beautiful flowers on them.
When spring comes, water gets warm and fish start to swim around. So Cinyee chose fish as a symbol of Start of Spring. Also, she drew spring vegetables, Chinese chives on the back of the fish.
White Dew falls on about Sept. 8. It shows the beginning of the cool autumn. There are colorful leaves and cooler nights at this time of year. As the temperature falls, white dew(露珠) is often seen on the grass and trees at night. For White Dew, Cinyee chose a raccoon—a small animal with thick hair. She drew white spots(小圆点) on the raccoon to show dew. And she used the dragon fruit to show the rich colors in autumn.
The young artist really gave the ancient Chinese culture a new look.
1. The writer gave ___________ examples to show Cinyee’s ＂24 Solar Terms＂.
A. two B. three C. four D. five
2. From Paragraph 5, we know that ___________.
A. a raccoon likes fish
B. Start of Spring falls on about Dec. 8
C. White Dew shows the end of the autumn
D. Cinyee used white spots to show dew
3. According to the passage, Picture ___________ can’t be from Cinyee’s ＂24 Solar Terms＂.
A. B. C. D.
4. The writer mainly wants to talk about ___________.
A. why Cinyee made herself known
B. who divided a year into 24 parts
C. how Cinyee showed the 24 solar terms
D. what Start of Spring and White Dew mean
【文章大意】本文介绍了来自台湾的艺术家Cinyee Chiu是如何用动物来展示24节气的。Cinyee把每个节气都变成了一种动物。并且通过两个例子：鱼代表立春；浣熊代表白露。来加以说明。最后说明了这位年轻的艺术家使中国古代文化焕然一新。
1. A【解析】细节理解题。根据句子So Cinyee chose fish as a symbol of Start of Spring. 因此，Cinyee选择鱼作为立春的象征。和句子For White Dew, Cinyee chose a raccoon—a small animal with thick hair. She drew white spots(小圆点) on the raccoon to show dew. 对于白露这一节气，Cinyee Chiu选择了一只浣熊——一种长着浓密毛发的小动物。她在浣熊身上画了白点（小圆点）来表示露水。可知，作者举了两个例子来说明Cinyee的＂24节气＂。故选A。
2. D【解析】细节理解题。根据Cinyee chose a raccoon—a small animal with thick hair. Cinyee选择了一只浣熊——一种长着浓密毛发的小动物。可知，A不对；选项B的句子Start of Spring falls on about Dec. 8. 立春大约在12月8日左右。短文中并没有提到，因此B不正确；根据原文White Dew falls on about Sept. 8. It shows the beginning of the cool autumn.白露在9月8日左右。它显示了凉爽的秋天的开始。因此选项C. White Dew shows the end of the autumn白露表示秋末。是错误的；根据第五段的句子She drew white spots(小圆点) on the raccoon to show dew. 她在浣熊身上画了白点（小圆点）来表示露水。可知，Cinyee使用白点来显示露水。因此本题正确的答案为D。
3. D【解析】细节理解题。题干问哪一幅图不可能来自Cinyee的24 节气。根据Cinyee turned each solar term into an animal. Cinyee可知，Cinyee把每个节气都变成了一种动物。而图片D是＂画了一只鸟的立春图＂，是挂历性质的一幅图片，所以该选项不可能来自于Cinyee的24 节气。故选D。
4. C【解析】主旨大意题。根据Among them, ＂24 Solar Terms(节气)＂ is the most popular. 其中，＂24节气＂最受欢迎。以及下文的两个例子，主要用来说明Cinyee是如何用动物图片来展示24个节气的。所以选C。



（二）【2019 • 浙江省温州市】

Many objects in the universe are invisible, but they send radio waves. The radio telescope thus appeared, and it is considered one of the greatest inventions in the twentieth century. Reber built the world’s first radio telescope in 1937. Ryle and Hewish developed radio telescope systems for the location of weak radio sources, and they shared the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1974.
A radio telescope is usually made up of:
One or more antennas to collect the radio waves. Most antennas are made in the shape of a dish to collect and reflect, the radio waves to the sub-reflector, in the same way as a curved mirror focuses visible light to one point.
A receiver and amplifier to receive the radio waves from the sub-reflector, and make these weak radio waves strong enough to be recorded and turned into electronic signals. To make an amplifier sensitive enough, it is usually cooled to, very low temperatures (e. g. as low as -270℃）.
A recorder to keep a record of the electronic signals. Most: radio telescopes today keep the signals to the computer’s memory disk for astronomers to analyze later.
Radio wavelengths are much longer than those of visible light, and the radio waves from deep space are always weak. To catch Radio wavelengths are much longer than those of visible light, and the radio waves from deep space are always weak. To catch these waves, radio telescopes usually have huge antennas. The sizes of most antennas in use today are around 50 to 300 metres in diameter. The antenna of FAST in Guizhou, China, the latest and largest radio telescope in the world, is 500 metres in diameter, as large as the size of 30 football fields.
To avoid interferences, and keep the telescopes sensitive, radio telescopes are built in places where there are no human radio waves or electronic signals. For example, FAST is 5 kilometres away from the closest village and 25 kilometres away from the nearest town.
Radio telescopes create pictures of the sky, not in visible light, but in radio waves. This is extremely useful, because there are objects that can’t be seen, objects that we wouldn’t even know without radio telescopes.
5. Radio telescopes help collect ___________ from the universe
A. light B. objects C. radio waves D. visible signals
6. Most antennas of radio telescopes are made in the shape of a dish to ___________.
A. make the antennas strong enough B. increase the number of radio waves
C. turn radio waves into electronic signals D. focus radio waves on the sub-reflector
7. The underlined word "interferences" in the passage refers to ___________.
A. the noises made by villagers and animals
B. the sounds from the radios and televisions
C. the people who go to Guizhou to watch FAST work
D. the radio waves and electronic signals from humans
8. What have we done with the help of radio telescopes?
A. We have received pictures of deep space.
B. We have discovered unknown lives in the universe.
C. We have found some unknown objects in the universe.
D. We have turned the radio waves from space into light.
【文章大意】本文主要介绍了无线电天文望远镜，详细介绍了它的发明、构成、工作原理、作用等。
5. C【解析】细节理解题。根据文中的信息A radio telescope is usually made up of：One or more antennas to collect the radio waves.可知，无线天文望远镜帮助收集宇宙中的无线电波，故答案选C。
6. D【解析】细节理解题。根据文中的信息Most antennas are made in the shape of a dish to collect and reflect, the radio waves to the sub-reflector, in the same way as a curved mirror focuses visible light to one point.可知，大多数无线天文望远镜的天线都是碟形的，用来将无线电波聚焦在副反射器上，故答案选D。
7. D【解析】词义猜测题。根据下文and keep the telescopes sensitive, radio telescopes are built in places where there are no human radio waves or electronic signals.可知是为了避免干扰，保持望远镜的灵敏度，无线天文电望远镜建在没有人类无线电波或电子信号的地方。所以"interferences"指的是来自人类的无线电波和电子信号，故答案选D。
8. C【解析】细节理解题。根据文中的信息This is extremely useful, because there are objects that can’t be seen, objects that we wouldn’t even know without radio telescopes.可推知，在无线天文望远镜的帮助下，我们发现了宇宙中一些未知的物体，故答案选C。
（三）【2019 • 浙江省衢州市】
The world has a plastics problem. And not just with bottles. Straws(吸管), toothbrushes, toys—all kinds of plastics are placed in landfills. There are 5 billion tons of plastic waste in the world. Landfills have a large part of it. By 2050, they could have 13 billion tons.
Much of plastic rubbish finds its way into the ocean. Scientists say 165 million tons of plastic pieces are floating around out there. And most plastic won’t disappear itself. It will remain in the ocean forever. Whales get caught in plastic fishing nets. Birds die because of eating plastic straws and bottle caps. It endangers ocean life. Plastic rubbish even ends up in the food we eat.
Governments are realizing that recycling may not be enough. They are taking more actions. Though it is hard work, it is still a solvable problem. In Britain, people are not allowed to use plastic bags except in hospitals. Scotland and several coastal cities in the US stop people from using plastic straws as well. The US alone throws away some 500 million plastic straws a day. That’s enough to circle the Earth twice. ＂Saying no to a plastic straw is an easy way to make a big difference,＂ Dana Lofflin who started www.strawfree.org said. ＂Do we really want to pass on to our children a world harmed by plastic?＂
People have found some tasty ways to reduce waste. A company in India made the first-ever spoon that people can eat. You don’t have to eat the spoon. You can throw it away. It decomposes(分解) in just a few days. David Edwards, a scientist at Harvard University, designed an eatable bag which can protect the food or drink inside. It is a delicious replacement for plastic ones.
9. According to the write, birds die because they ___________.
A. eat bottle caps and straws B. get caught in fishing nets
C. feed on ocean animals D. have the spoons in India
10. The underlined word "endangers " in Paragraph 2 probably means ___________.
A. brings B. loses C. harms D. saves
11. The purpose of the passage is mainly to ___________.
A. introduce some ways to recycle waste
B. tell readers about the problem with plastics
C. compare air pollution and plastic pollution
D. describe how the US is reducing plastic waste
12. From the passage, we can tell that the plastics problem ___________.
A. is too big for people to solve B. can be solved by recycling alone
C. can be solved, but it won’t be easy D. will have to be solved by future scientists
【文章大意】本文讲述了关于塑料问题。塑料废料越来越多。到2050年，他们可能有130亿吨。许多塑料垃圾都能进入海洋。它危及海洋生物。塑料垃圾甚至最终会进入我们吃的食物中。各国政府正正在采取更多的行动。塑料问题是可以解决，但不容易。
9. A【解析】题意：据报道，鸟类死亡是因为__________。考查细节理解。根据第2段第6句Birds die because of eating plastic straws and bottle caps.（鸟死于吃塑料吸管和瓶盖。）可知＂鸟类死亡是因为鸟吃塑料吸管和瓶盖＂；故选A。
10. C【解析】题意：第2段中下画线单词＂endangers＂可能意思是__________。考查词义猜测。A. brings带来；B. loses失去；C. harms伤害；D. saves拯救。根据上文Whales get caught in plastic fishing nets. Birds die because of eating plastic straws and bottle caps.（鲸鱼被塑料渔网捕获。鸟死于吃塑料吸管和瓶盖。）描述可知＂此句It endangers ocean life.句意是：它危害海洋生物。＂根据句意可知＂endangers＂可能意思是＂harms＂；选C。
11. B【解析】题意：这篇文章的目的主要是__________。考查主旨理解。本文讲述了关于塑料问题。根据本文主要内容可知这篇文章的目的主要是告诉读者塑料的问题；故选B。
12. C【解析】题意：从文章中我们可以看出塑料问题__________。考查主旨理解。根据第3段第3句Though it is hard work, it is still a solvable problem.（虽然工作很辛苦，但仍然是一个可以解决的问题。）可知从文章中我们可以看出塑料问题可以解决，但不容易；故选C。
（四）【2019 • 四川省广安市】
Artificial intelligence(AI)(人工智能)is the ability of a computer program or a machine. The computer or the machine with AI can think and learn. It is also a field of study that tries to make computers "smart". John McCarthy, a scientist, came up with(提出)the name "artificial intelligence" over 60 years ago. Many things such as learning and problem solving can be done by computers, though not in the same way as people do.
An unusual goal of AI research is to create computer programs. They can learn, solve problems, and think logically(逻辑地）. At present, Al can successfully understanding human speech, recognizie (识别）human faces, operate self-driving cars and compete in some game systems like playing Chess. However, some people also consider(认为）AI a danger to humans if it develops too quickly. A famous British scientist also was not for this kind of technology.
Math is the basic language of AI. If students are good at math, they will be more likely to become successful AI designers(设计者）in the future. We need not only bright students, but also average(普通的）students. As for(对于）average students, if they get enough math skills, they can also become successful AI designers. Besides, a good knowledge of computer science is also necessary for AI designing.
Scientists hope to create creative(有创造力）and emotional (有感情的）AI. The AI can possibly understand human feelings or create art. Many ways and tools have been tried to discover this wide and exciting field.
13. From Paragraph 1, we know that ___________.
A. all problems can be solved by computers
B. machines with AI can think and learn
C. AI has been around for only 60 years
D. AI works in the same way as people
14. According to the passage, what can’t AI do at present?
A. Understand human speech. B. Operate self-driving cars.
C. Compete in some game systems. D. Understand human feelings.
15. The underlined word＂it＂in Paragraph 2 refers to(指的是）___________.
A. chess B. a scientist C. the danger D. AI
16. According to the passage, if students want to become successful AI designers, they should learn ___________ well.
A. math and art B. art and technology
C. math and computer science D. art and computer science
17. Paragraph 4 mainly tells us the scientist ___________ about AI.
A. wishes B. worries C. feelings D. discoveries
【文章大意】人工智能是电脑程序或者机器可以学习和思考的一种能力，这方面的研究目的在于创造出能学习、解决问题和思考的电脑程序。本文简单介绍了人工智能，并表示科学家们正在这个领域努力研究。
13. B【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段第一句和第二句Artificial intelligence(AI)(人工智能)is the ability of a computer program or a machine. The computer or the machine with AI can think and learn. 人工智能是计算机程序或机器的能力。计算机或具有人工智能的机器可以思考和学习。可知，故选B。
14. D【解析】细节理解题。根据At present, Al can successfully understanding human speech, recognizie (识别）human faces, operate self-driving cars and compete in some game systems like playing Chess. 目前，艾尔能够成功地理解人类的语言，识别（识别）人类的面孔，操作自动驾驶的汽车，并在一些游戏系统（如下棋）中进行竞争。可知，故选D。
15. D【解析】代词指代题。根据上文的Some people also consider(认为）AI a danger to humans有些人还认为人工智能对人类是一种危险。可知，it指的是AI，如果人工智能发展迅速的话，它对人类是一种危险。故选D。
16. C【解析】推理判断题。根据文中We need not only bright students, but also average(普通的）students. As for(对于）average students, if they get enough math skills, they can also become successful AI designers. Besides, a good knowledge of computer science is also necessary for AI designing. 我们不仅需要聪明的学生，也需要普通的学生。至于普通的学生，如果他们有足够的数学技能，他们也可以成为成功的人工智能设计师。此外，对于人工智能设计来说，良好的计算机科学知识也是必不可少的。可知，故选C。
17. A【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段Scientists hope to create creative(有创造力）and emotional (有感情的）AI. The AI can possibly understand human feelings or create art. Many ways and tools have been tried to discover this wide and exciting field. 科学家们希望创造出有创造力和情感的人工智能。人工智能可能理解人类的感受或创造艺术。许多方法和工具都试图发现这个广阔而令人兴奋的领域。可知，故选A。
【点睛】
阅读理解一般考查学生的细节理解能力、主旨理解能力和推理判断能力。做阅读理解题，首先要准确理解题意，然后根据题意和短文内容选出正确的答案。（1）考查细节理解能力，此类型题较简单，学生准确理解题意后，直接到文中找出答案。（2）考查猜词能力。做这种题型时，学生要根据上下文意思准确猜出词义。3）考查推理判断能力，此类题型较难，学生要准确理解题意后，在文中找出相关的内容做出合理的推断。本文主要考查学生的细节理解能力。准确理解题意后，到文中找出相关的叙述，做出正确的判断。
（五）【2019 • 安徽省中考】
The world uses about a thousand million(百万) tons of water a day. Water is a human right and everyone should have their share. Yet more than 700 million people around the world have trouble getting clean, safe water.
Treating wastewater is a good way to provide fresh water for us. And it also helps the environment by keeping waste out of rivers and oceans. 80% of wastewater around the world is not treated at all, and it is running into oceans. But now we have got the technology to treat and reuse the wastewater.
While 75% of our planet is covered with water, only about 2% is fresh water—that comes from rivers, lakes, ice and snow. The rest, 98% of the water, is in seas and oceans. It is too salty to drink. Then desalination businesses come in. More than 19,000 factories have been built around the world, mostly in coastal countries. They process (加工) more than 92 million tons of water every day. But the technology they use requires a lot of energy.
Scientists are working to create a less costly technology. They want to produce 20 times more clean water and make sure everyone has enough. But for now, the world still faces each day with not having enough water for everyone.
18. How many people have trouble in getting clean water around the world?
A. Under 10 million. B. Only 19 million.
C. About 92 million. D. Over 700 million.
19. Treating wastewater helps the environment by ___________.
A. storing waste in ice and snow B. letting waste run into oceans
C. keeping waste out of rivers and oceans D. sending waste to coastal countries
20. What does the underlined word "desalination" in Paragraph 3 mean?
A. 远洋运输 B. 潮汐发电 C. 食盐销售 D. 海水淡化
21. At present, the technology to process water ___________.
A. needs much energy B. saves much money
C. satisfies everyone D. causes pollution
22. What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A. Water should be a human right. B. The water problem is still serious.
C. Our planet is covered with water. D. Everyone has enough clean water.
【文章大意】＂水是生命之源＂，我们的生活离不开水。但地球上的水资源是有限的，全世界很多地方的人们仍然没有办法获得干净、安全的水。现在我们有了一项新的技术，可以处理和再利用废水，但它需要大量的能源，因此科学家们正在努力创造一种成本更低的技术。
18. D【解析】细节理解题。根据短文第一段最后一句话Yet more than 700 million people around the world have trouble getting clean, safe water.可知，有超过7亿人在获得清洁、安全的水方面存在困难。由此可知应选D。
19. C【解析】细节理解题。根据短文第二段Treating wastewater is a good way to provide fresh water for us. And it also helps the environment by keeping waste out of rivers and oceans.可知，处理废水可以使废物远离河流和海洋，从而有利于保护环境。由此可知应选C。
20. D【解析】词义猜测题。根据单词所在的上下文语境The rest, 98% of the water, is in seas and oceans. It is too salty to drink. Then desalination businesses come in.，地球上98%的水在海洋里，是咸水不能喝，然后下文More than 19,000 factories have been built around the world提到了很多处理海水的工厂。由此可推测desalination的意思应该是＂海水淡化＂，故应选D。
21. A【解析】细节理解题。根据短文第三段最后一句话But the technology they use requires a lot of energy.可知，现在处理海水的技术需要大量的能量。由此可知应选A。
22. B【解析】推理判断题。根据短文最后一句话But for now, the world still faces each day with not having enough water for everyone.可知，现在，世界每天仍然面临着没有足够的水供每个人使用。由此可知现在水问题仍然非常严重，故应选B。
（六）【2019 • 山东省青岛市】

Wind power is a very clean source of energy. This is how wind power works. Wind makes windmills spin (旋转). When the windmills spin, they make electricity. Then we can use the electricity. A lot of people think that wind power is new, but that’s not true. For thousands of years, people have used wind to sail boats and move water. We still do those things today, but these days we mostly use wind power to make electricity.
Wind power is a very popular source of energy. Most people think that we should use it more and more. First of all, it’s clean. Windmills don’t pollute the environment at all. Second, we can use wind power forever. After all, we will always have wind. Also, wind power is cheap, and it’s getting even cheaper.
A lot of people don’t understand wind power very well. They believe that there are problems with wind power, but many of those problems are not real. For example, some people say that windmills are dangerous for birds. They used to be true, but it isn’t true anymore. Old windmills killed birds because they spun very fast. New windmills spin slowly, and they aren’t dangerous for birds.
However, there are real problems with windmills. One problem is that many people think windmills are very ugly. This is a problem for people, because windmills are often in very pretty areas. Also, wind doesn’t blow all the time, so we can’t use wind power all the time. Finally, windmills are noisy.
Wind power is becoming more and more common. Right now, more than 80 countries use wind power. About 2.5 percent of the world’s power comes from the wind. For some countries, that number is a lot higher. Wind power gives Denmark more than 25 percent of its electricity.
23. Why DON’T new windmills kill birds? Because ___________.
A. birds don’t fly near them B. they spin slowly
C. they are shorter than old windmills D. new windmills don’t spin
24. When did people start using wind power?
A. About 25 years ago. B. About 80 years ago.
C. About 500 years ago. D. Over 1,000 years ago.
25. ___________, so we CAN’T use wind power all the time.
A. Windmills break all the time B. We can’t use windmills at night
C. Windmills are too expensive to use all the time D. Wind doesn’t blow all the time
26. What does the article say about wind power?
A. Most people don’t like it. B. It’s getting cheaper.
C. Denmark doesn’t use it. D. It’s getting more expensive.
27. What is the best title for the passage?
A. Expensive Windmills B. Cheap and Clean Energy
C. Popular and Clean Wind Power D. Dangerous Birds
【文章大意】短文介绍了人类对风能的利用。过去风能主要使用于海上航行和水利灌溉，而现在主要用风力发电。风能是一种非常清洁的能源。也是一种非常流行的能源。还介绍了风车一些弊端。风力发电越来越普遍，目前，80多个国家使用风力发电。世界上约2.5%的电力来自风能。
23. B【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中的句子＂Old windmills killed birds because they spun very fast. New windmills spin slowly, and they aren’t dangerous for birds.＂ 旧风车杀死鸟是因为它们旋转得很快。新的风车旋转缓慢，对鸟类来说并不危险。故答案为B。
24. D【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中的句子＂For thousands of years, people have used wind to sail boats and move water.＂几千年来，人们借助风帆来航行和通过风车来灌溉。因此借助风力至少有一千多年的历史，答案是D。
25. D【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的句子＂Also, wind doesn’t blow all the time, so we can’t use wind power all the time.＂风不会一直吹，所以我们不能一直使用风力。故答案为D。
26. B【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的句子＂Wind power is a very popular source of energy.＂可知，风能是一种非常流行的能源，A选项错误；根据第二段中的句子＂Also, wind power is cheap, and it’s getting even cheaper.＂可知风能很便宜，而且越来越便宜。B选项正确，D选项错误；根据最后一句＂Wind power gives Denmark more than 25 percent of its electricity.＂风力发电为丹麦提供了超过25%的电力。C选项错误。故答案选B。
27. C【解析】标题归纳题。短文介绍了人类对风能的利用。风能是一种非常清洁的能源，也是一种非常流行的能源。故答案为C。
【点睛】
标题归纳题是阅读理解中常见的一个题型，这类题主要是测试学生对一篇文章或一段文字的深层理解程度及在速读中准确把握文章主旨大意的能力。一般针对某一语段或某一语篇的主题标题或目的设题。这类题通常围绕一个中心思想展开，一些文章一开头便展示出文章的中心思想，第一段常常是内容的梗概，同时又表达了中心思想，也有一些文章的中心思想贯穿全文，并没有用一句话明确表达出来，这就要求学生学会归纳概括。每个段落往往也由一个主题句或几个陈述句构成，它们在句中的位置不同，有时在开头，首先点明本段大意，有时在结尾，总结本段大意。例如第5小题，文章的中心思想贯穿一二段的开头，风能是一种非常清洁的能源。也是一种非常流行的能源。故答案为C。
（七）【2019 • 江苏省宿迁市】
Technology is developing fast and it has become an important part of our life. Then what will the world be like in the future?
3-D food will be both delicious and nutritious(有营养的). We can use 3-D printers to print some basic materials. ① And we can go further. Scientists believe that we just need to turn on a printer in the kitchen and then we can enjoy our favourite food whenever we like.
② 5G network will allow many more people to get information. Big companies like China Mobile and China Unicom will start to offer 5G. It is said that promises download speeds 10 to 20 times faster than 4G. For example, we can download a film within just 1 second. But with a 4G network, it takes a few minutes. There will be much bandwidth(带宽) and we can get unlimited(无限的) information.
Underwater cities will provide more space. The earth is becoming more and more crowded. We may turn to underwater homes, which will be built as low as 15 of the sea can be used to provide power for the homes.
③ For us common people on the earth, the dream of travelling around space will come true. In the coming years, spacecraft will be as popular as buses, trains and planes. We can leave our home and enter space to take an adventure (冒险). And even we will get used to living there.
A robot will be a part of life. Robots can do many of the same things as we humans do like driving cars. But they will be used in other areas as well. They will be able to think. They can tell the difference between right and wrong. They can feel ④ In a word, just as Jules Verne said, ＂Anything one man can imagine, other men can make real.＂
28. According to the passage, which of the following statements about the future world is TRUE?
A. 3-D food will be easy to make but won’t taste good.
B. With 5G, users will get only a little information.
C. Underwater cities will provide more living space.
D. A robot will do everything for us as human beings.
29. Where can the sentence ＂Space tour will be a piece of cake.＂ Be put?
A. ① B. ② C. ③ D. ④
30. What can we infer(推断) from the passage?
A. people will live a hard life in the future.
B. Technology will make our future better.
C. People will have no real friend in the future.
D. Technology will make no difference to our future.
31. Where does the passage probably come from?
A. A storybook. B. A film poster.
C. A travel guide. D. A science magazine.
【文章大意】本文是科普文，从3D食物美味又营养、5G网络将使更多的人获得信息、水下城市将提供更多的空间、太空旅行梦想成真和机器人将成为生活的一部分五个方面，介绍了科技将使我们的未来生活更美好。
28. C【解析】题意：根据短文，下列哪个关于未来世界的陈述是正确的?考查细节理解。A. 3D食物制作起来很容易，但味道不会很好。B. 有了5G，用户只会得到很少的信息。C. 水下城市将提供更多的生活空间。D. 机器人会为我们人类做任何事情。A、B、D三项叙述与短文不符，根据第4段首句Underwater cities will provide more space.可知选C。
29. C【解析】题意：＂Space tour will be a piece of cake＂这句话能放在哪里呢？考查综合理解。根据For us common people on the earth, the dream of travelling around space will come true.可知本段介绍的是太空旅游，Space tour will be a piece of cake（太空游将是小菜一碟）符合段意，故选C。
30. B【解析】题意：我们能从这篇文章中推断出什么?考查细节判断。根据短文第2/3/4/5各段所介绍的未来生活的便利，可知科技将使我们的未来生活更美好，Technology will make our future better.符合文意，故选B。
31. D【解析】题意：这篇文章可能来自哪里?考查来源判断。A. 一个故事书。B. 一张电影海报。C. 旅游指南。D. 一本科学杂志。根据Technology is developing fast and it has become an important part of our life. Then what will the world be like in the future?可知本文应该来自科学杂志，故选D。
（八）【2019 • 山东省滨州市】

On April 19th, a pottery(陶器) exhibition was held at Wuhan Optical Experimental Valley School. Many pieces of pottery in different sizes were shown at the school. Some were a bit broken, but all of them were beautiful works of art created by the students.
At the end of last year, the school started a project that called on teachers to collect disused or broken pieces of pottery from the countryside. So far, they have collected about 3,000 pieces.
"Pottery used to play an important role in the daily lives of Chinese people." school head Ma Guoxin told the reporter. "By pottery painting, the students can improve themselves in many ways. They can better understand the history of the pottery, put their creativity into the pottery and show the love for life and beauty. "
Students turned the pottery into different works of art .They were all encouraged to paint pictures on the pottery, even though some students didn’t know how to paint. Wang Zixuan, a student from Grade Eight, with little knowledge of painting, painted a beautiful night scenery on a piece of pottery. It was so nice that many students loved it.
Almost every classroom has coloured pieces of pottery. They are either used as flowerpots or pen containers（笔筒）. The school has also set up several art corners to show the pottery. For example, the students have put up some pottery on bookcases outside of a lecture hall（报告厅） It has become an enjoyable place for students to rest and read.
32. On April 19th, a ___________ exhibition was held at Wuhan Optical Valley Experiment School.
A. flower B. film C. pottery D. costume
33. According to the passage, ___________ were encouraged to paint the pottery.
A. the students who painted very well
B. the students who got good grades
C. the students who didn’t know how to paint
D. all the students in the school
34. By pottery painting, the students can improve themselves in many ways EXCEPT ___________.
A. knowing how to collect pottery
B. better understanding the history of the pottery
C. putting their creativity into the pottery
D. showing the love for life and beauty
35. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?
A. The school has collected about 2,000 pieces of pottery so far.
B. Wang Zixuan was a student from Grade Seven.
C. We can’t find any coloured pottery in their classrooms.
D. The students enjoy resting and reading at the art corners.
36. In which part of a newspaper can we read the passage?
A. Sports news. B. Traditional art.
C. Healthy living. D. Popular music.
【文章大意】本文是新闻类阅读，报道了武汉光谷实验学校举办的陶艺作品展，介绍了老旧陶器如何在学生手中变身艺术品和陶艺绘画的作用以及对学生学习的重要影响。
32. C【解析】题意：4月19日，武汉光谷实验学校举办了陶艺展。考查细节理解。根据开头On April 19th, a pottery exhibition was held at Wuhan Optical Experimental Valley School.可知选C。
33. D【解析】题意：根据这篇文章，学校鼓励所有的学生画陶器。考查细节理解。根据Students turned the pottery into different works of art .They were all encouraged to paint pictures on the pottery, even though some students didn’t know how to paint.可知学校鼓励所有的学生画陶器，故选D。
34. A【解析】题意：除题意：除了_________，学生们可以通过陶艺绘画在许多方面提高自己。考查细节判断。A. 学习如何收集陶器；B. 更好地了解陶器的历史；C. 把他们的创造力注入陶器；D. 表现出对生命和美的热爱。根据By pottery painting, the students can improve themselves in many ways. They can better understand the history of the pottery, put their creativity into the pottery and show the love for life and beauty.学生们可以通过陶艺绘画更好地了解陶器的历史，把自己的创造力融入到陶器中，表现出对生命和美的热爱，可知BCD三项说法正确；knowing how to collect pottery（了解如何收集陶器）没有提及，说法错误，故选A。
35. D【解析】题意：根据短文，下列哪个选项是正确的?考查细节判断。A. 到目前为止，学校已经收集了大约2000件陶器；根据So far, they have collected about 3,000 pieces.可知说法错误。B. 王子轩是一名七年级的学生；根据Wang Zixuan, a student from Grade Eight,可知说法错误。C. 我们在他们的教室里找不到任何彩陶；根据Almost every classroom has coloured pieces of pottery.可知说法错误。D. 学生们喜欢在艺术角休息和阅读；根据The school has also set up several art corners to show the pottery. For example, the students have put up some pottery on bookcases outside of a lecture hall. It has become an enjoyable place for students to rest and read.可知说法正确。综合以上分析，故选D。
36. B【解析】题意：我们可以在报纸的哪个部分读到这篇文章?考查来源判断。A. 体育新闻。B. 传统艺术。C. 健康生活。D. 流行音乐。根据Many pieces of pottery in different sizes were shown at the school. Some were a bit broken, but all of them were beautiful works of art created by the students.可知陶艺作品是艺术品，故选B。
（九）【2019 • 重庆市中考】
More than 330 million visitors are expected to take part in the 19th National Science and Technology Week in China from May 19 to 26.
During the science week, open days will be held to let people experience how science and technology have improved our live. Around 50,000 scientists will enter schools and villages to educate and work together with local people.
The science week this is a big one because it will show China’s recent scientific achievements. And this year China will celebrate its 70th birthday. It’s an important year for the purpose of building a well-off society(小康社会) by 2020. Since there are still some poor areas in China, science and technology will be very helpful in their development.
Reaching out to the world is also a best part of this year. Expert(专家) from 13 countries within the Belt and Road(一带一路) will take part in the science week and they will also work with the public.
37. The 19th National Science and Technology Week will start on ___________ in China.
A. May 19 B. May 20 C. May 25 D. May 26
38. Many scientists will enter school and villages to ___________.
A. sell the latest products to local people
B. learn more about the local environment
C. collect money for their scientific research
D. educate and work together with local people
39. According to the passage, the science week this year will ___________.
A. send scientists out to the world B. show China’s recent scientific achievements
C. see new schools built in village D. improve the social abilities of Chinese people
40. This passage is most probably ___________.
A. a piece of news B. a piece of advice C. a story D. a letter
【文章大意】短文介绍了第19届中国科技周，届时将有超过3.3亿游客参加。在科学周期间，将举行开放日，让人们体验科学和技术如何改善我们的生活。将展示中国最近的科学成就。来自13个国家的专家们将参加科技周，他们也将与公众一起工作。
37. A【解析】细节理解题。根据短文开头的句子＂More than 330 million visitors are expected to take part in the 19th National Science and Technology Week in China from May 19 to 26.＂可知，第19届中国科技周于5月19日开始，故答案为A。
38. D【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的句子＂Around 50,000 scientists will enter schools and villages to educate and work together with local people.＂大约5万名科学家将进入学校和村庄，与当地人一起教育和工作。故答案为D。
39. B【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中的句子＂The science week this is a big one because it will show China’s recent scientific achievements.＂可知，今年的科技周将展示中国最近的科学成就。故答案为B。
40. A【解析】推理判断题。短文向我们介绍了第19届中国科技周的举办时间，活动内容，来自一带一路13个国家的专家们也将参加本届科技周。由此判断这段文章很可能是一则新闻，故答案为A。