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2020-2022年全国中考英语3年真题汇编 专题43 自由填空 +答案解析
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这是一份2020-2022年全国中考英语3年真题汇编 专题43 自由填空 +答案解析，共39页。
专题43 短文填空—自由填空
【2022年】
（一）（2022·山西·中考真题）
请阅读下面短文，根据语篇内容，在空白处填入恰当的单词，使短文通顺、连贯。每空一词。
Kids’ Body LanguageDo you want to know your kids well? If so, just start with their body language.
We all talk, but most of the talking is body language. You may not notice it, ___35___ we use body language much more than we think.
Usually kids’ body language is the same ___36___ adults’, and sometimes it sends a different message. Here are some examples. Let’s see what they mean.
Not standing straightA kid ___37___ doesn’t stand straight may feel unhappy or just feel a bit down. He might not feel very good about himself, or ___38___ might just be thinking about something else! It’s not always easy to say, and most of the time he won’t tell you ___39___ is the matter.
My advice: if there are no health problems, don’t care.
Not looking you in the eyeA kid who doesn’t look you in the eye may not believe in himself, or he may be afraid ___40___ his elders. He may also feel uncomfortable looking at anybody. There ___41___ a few things that you can do. Try to do things with them that don’t require looking at you. You could also pretend(假装) not to notice it.
My advice: ___42___ they are smart, friendly and polite, it’ll probably be OK.
If you are interested ___43___ kids’ body language, welcome to my corner. We will talk more about it from 8:00 ___44___ 9:00 p.m. on Monday.
【答案】35．but
36．as
37．who##that
38．he
39．what
40．of
41．are
42．if
43．in
44．to
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文，介绍孩子们的肢体语言，并针对不同情况给出一些建议。
35．
句意：你可能没有注意到，但我们使用肢体语言的次数比我们想象的要多。前后两句构成转折关系，用but连接，故填but。
36．
句意：通常孩子们的肢体语言和成年人的是一样的，有时它传递的是不同的信息。the same as“与……相同”，故填as。
37．
句意：一个不站直的孩子可能会感到不开心或只是感到有点沮丧。此处是定语从句，先行词是人，引导词在从句中作主语，用who/that连接，故填who/that。
38．
句意：他可能对自己感觉不太好，或者他可能只是在想别的事情！结合前句中的“He”可知，此处也用he作主语，故填he。
39．
句意：说出来总是不容易，大多数时候他也不会告诉你发生了什么事。此处是宾语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，表示“什么”，用what连接，故填what。
40．
句意：一个不直视你眼睛的孩子可能不相信他自己，或者他害怕长辈。be afraid of“害怕……”，故填of。
41．
句意：有一些你可以做的事情。此处是there be句型，时态是一般现在时，主语是复数a few things，故填are。
42．
句意：我的建议是：如果他们聪明、友好、有礼貌，这可能是没问题的。“they are smart, friendly and polite”是“it’ll probably be OK”的肯定条件，用if引导条件状语从句，故填if。
43．
句意：如果你对孩子的肢体语言感兴趣，欢迎来到我的角落。be interested in“对……感兴趣”，故填in。
44．
句意：我们将在周一晚上8点到9点详细讨论。from...to...“从……到……”，故填to。
（二）（2022·湖南岳阳·中考真题）
根据短文内容，在文中空格处填上一个恰当的词，使短文完整、通顺。
How does the tea plant grow? This term, some students got their answers in the school’s rooftop(屋顶) garden. Many schools have built small gardens on their teaching building’s rooftop. Some students planted tea plants there. While taking ___46___ of tea plants, they also did experiments to learn more about tea.
How to ___47___ egg soup and sandwiches? Some students learned to cook in an after-school cooking club. To parents’ __48__, their kids could cook some simple dishes in a short time.
In the past, Chinese children were sometimes busier after school ___49___ they had to take so many after-school classes. Now, students join all kinds of clubs. Why do students have free time to ___50___ up their hobbies? Because China has introduced the “double reduction” policy(双减政策). It hopes to ease(减轻) students’ learning burden(负担) __51__ reducing homework and after-school classes.
Students’ lives have changed a lot since the policy was carried out. On the one hand, their homework is clearly ___52___ than before, they aren’t encouraged to buy workbooks(练习册) any more. Teenagers have more chances to get knowledge from the real life. This is a much better way than just hitting the books. On the other hand, students spend more time ___53___ after-school clubs. They get lots of life skills from these colorful clubs and have enough time to relax and think for ___54___. It’s believed ___55___ the “double reduction” policy makes a difference to students’ lives.
【答案】46．care
47．make
48．surprise
49．because
50．take
51．by
52．less
53．joining
54．themselves
55．that
【解析】
【导语】
本文主要讲述了“双减政策”之后，孩子们课外生活和学习生活的变化。
46．
句意：在照顾茶树的同时，他们也做实验来了解更多关于茶的知识。根据“Some students planted tea plants there.”可知，照顾植物，take care of“照顾”；故填care。
47．
句意：怎样做鸡蛋汤和三明治？根据“egg soup and sandwiches”可知，制作鸡蛋汤和三明治；结合How to do，需要动词原形；故填make。
48．
句意：令父母惊讶的是，他们的孩子可以在短时间内做一些简单的菜。根据“their kids could cook some simple dishes in a short time”可知，孩子们短时间内学会了简单的菜，父母很惊讶，to one’s surprise“令人惊讶的是”；故填surprise。
49．
句意：在过去，中国的孩子放学后有时更忙，因为他们要参加很多课外班。根据“they had to take so many after-school classes”可知，此句是前句的原因，because符合句意；故填because。
50．
句意：为什么学生有空闲时间从事他们的爱好？take up“从事（某一种兴趣爱好）”，结合have time to do，需要动词原形；故填take。
51．
句意：它希望通过减少家庭作业和课外课程来减轻学生的学习负担。根据“reducing homework and after-school classes”可知，通过减少家庭作业和课外班来减轻负担，by“通过”符合句意；故填by。
52．
句意：一方面，他们的作业明显比以前少了。根据“than before”可知，作业比之前少，less“更少”符合句意；故填less。
53．
句意：另一方面，学生花更多的时间参加课外俱乐部。根据“after-school clubs”可知，参加课外俱乐部，结合spend sth doing sth，需要动名词，joining符合句意；故填joining。
54．
句意：他们从这些丰富多彩的俱乐部获得了很多生活技能，有足够的时间放松和独立思考。根据“have enough time to relax and think”可知，有时间独立思考，主语是they，其反身代词是themselves；故填themselves。
55．
句意：据说，“双减”政策对学生的生活产生了影响。分析句子结构可知，是主语从句，需要that作引导词，故填that。
（三）（2022·重庆A卷·中考真题）
根据下面短文内容，在短文的空格处填上一个最恰当的词，使短文完整、通顺。
Miss Wang recently had a worrying experience.
One morning, just as she arrived at her ____44____, Wang noticed some missed calls from her mother. “It must be something very important,” she thought to herself.
Right away, she called her mother ____45____ quite worriedly. To her surprise, Wang found her mother only wanted her charger (充电器), which Wang took to the office by mistake.
When Wang hurried home from her office, she found her mother’s ____46____ was still 70% charged. And her mother was worried that it would run out of power as she continued using it.
Now Wang realizes the seriousness of the problem. Her mother ____47____ eight hours a day playing games, reading news and watching short videos online. And her mother has problems like poor eyesight, headache and so on.
This story is not special and Wang’s mother is not ____48____. She is just one in a growing population of the old who lose themselves in playing with phones. As the old have ____49____ chances to join in social activities, a smart phone is the best way to kill time.
But too much time on phone can cause many problems. “Be careful when using your phones, ____50____ you will be easily fooled!” Although the old are always warned like this, online frauds (欺骗) still happen to them. Now there are more family problems. Action should be taken.
For the old, they should control their screen time and get enough rest. The young, for their part, should often visit the old, and help them learn more about online safety so that they can ____51____ themselves. Also, the young can do more activities with the old like talking, walking and traveling, or encourage them to learn something at the universities for the aged.
【答案】44．office
45．back
46．phone
47．spends
48．alone
49．fewer
50．or
51．protect
【解析】
【导语】
本文通过王小姐和她母亲的经历告诉我们老人现在过度使用手机，这样会引起很多问题，所以作者建议年轻人要多拜访老人，老人也要多做一些其他活动。
44．
句意：一天早上，她刚到办公室，就注意到她妈妈的一些未接电话。根据“When Wang hurried home from her office”可知她到达了办公室，office“办公室”。故填office。
45．
句意：马上，她很着急的给妈妈回了电话。根据“she called her mother...”以及上文可知，看到妈妈的未接电话，会回电话，call sb. back“给某人回电话”。故填back。
46．
句意：王小姐从办公室赶回家时，发现妈妈的手机还有70%的电量。根据“she found her mother’s...was still 70% charged”以及上文可知她妈妈的手机还有电，phone“电”，指她妈妈的手机，名词用单数。故填phone。
47．
句意：她的母亲每天花八个小时玩游戏、阅读新闻和在线观看短视频。根据“eight hours a day playing games...”可知是花费时间做某事，主语是人，用spend“花费”，描述一般情况，用一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，谓语用第三人称单数。故填spends。
48．
句意：这个故事并不特别，王的母亲并不是唯一的例子。根据“This story is not special”以及“She is just one in a growing population of the old who lose themselves in playing with phones”可知王小姐的母亲不是唯一的一个沉迷手机的例子，alone“单独的”。故填alone。
49．
句意：由于老年人参加社交活动的机会较少，智能手机是打发时间的最佳方式。根据“a smart phone is the best way to kill time”可知他们用手机打发时间，因为他们参加社交活动的机会相较于年轻人来说更少，故此处用比较级，修饰可数名词复数用fewer“更少”。故填fewer。
50．
句意：使用手机时要小心，否则很容易上当！根据“Be careful when using your phones...you will be easily fooled”可知此处是结构“祈使句+or+陈述句”，表示“用手机时要小心，否则很容易被欺骗”。故填or。
51．
句意：对于年轻人来说，他们应该经常拜访老年人，并帮助他们更多地了解网络安全，以便他们能够保护自己。根据“help them learn more about online safety so that they can...themselves”可知让老人了解网络安全，这样老人能保护自己，protect“保护”，情态动词can后加动词原形。故填protect。
（四）（2022·重庆B卷·中考真题）
根据下面短文内容，在短文的空格处填上一个最恰当的词，使短文完整、通顺。
As students, you should study hard. More importantly, you should study in a smart way. Try these methods below.
Spaced Repetition
According to Ebbinghaus, you’ll ____44____ easily if you don’t review in time. After you read your study material for the first time, you’d better come back to it 6 hours later, then 24 hours later, 3 days later, 7 days later or even 14 days later and above. Repeat it ____45____ least 5 times, and you can almost remember everything.
Jim Kwik's Technique(方法)
According to Jim Kwik, an expert on reading and the memory, the key to understanding your reading material is to ask question. You can put a line down the ____46____ of a piece of paper. On the left, take notes of key information,while on the right, write down 3 kinds of questions—how, when and why. Among the questions, the most important ____47____ is how you can use the key information. Connect it with the knowledge you’ve ____48____ known. And think about what real life problems you can solve by using it. This helps to keep the information your mind.
The Feynman Technique
Studies show students can understand what they’ve learned better when they ____49____ someone else. The Feynman technique includes 4 basic steps. First, study. Second, teach what you’ve just learned to someone with zero knowledge of the subject in ____50____ words. Third, find out which parts you can explain well and which parts you can’t. Go back to the book and try to understand the topic once again. Fourth, repeat the steps above ____51____ you can explain the topic without looking at the book.
【答案】44．forget
45．at
46．middle
47．one
48．already
49．teach
50．other
51．until
【解析】
【导语】
本文主要讲述了三种学习方法。
44．
句意：根据艾宾浩斯的说法，如果你不及时复习，你很容易忘记。根据“easily if you don’t review in time”以及常识可知不及时复习容易遗忘，forget“忘记”，will后加动词原形。故填forget。
45．
句意：重复至少5次，你几乎可以记住所有内容。根据“least 5 times”可知是至少5次，at least“至少”。故填at。
46．
句意：你可以在一张纸的中间画一条线。根据“You can put a line down the...of a piece of paper. On the left...while on the right...”可知是在纸的中间画一条线，the middle of“……的中间”。故填middle。
47．
句意：在这些问题中，最重要的是如何使用关键信息。根据“Among the questions, the most important”可知是最重要的问题，此处用one代指可数名词单数。故填one。
48．
句意：将它与你已经知道的知识联系起来。根据“Connect it with the knowledge you’ve...known”可知是把问题和已经知道的知识联系起来，already“已经”，副词。故填already。
49．
句意：研究表明，当学生教别人时，他们可以更好地理解他们学到的东西。根据“Second, teach what you’ve just learned to...”可知当学生教别人时，他们学得更好，teach“教”，描述一般情况，用一般现在时，主语是they，谓语动词用原形。故填teach。
50．
句意：其次，用其他的语言把你刚刚学到的东西教给对这个主题知识为零的人。根据“teach what you’ve just learned to someone with zero knowledge of the subject in...words”可知是用其他的话把自己学到的知识教给别人，other“其他的”，后加名词复数。故填other。
51．
句意：第四，重复上面的步骤，直到你不用看书就能解释这个话题。根据“repeat the steps above...you can explain the topic without looking at the book”可知是重复这些步骤直到可以解释，until“直到”，引导时间状语从句。故填until。
【2021年】
A
（2021·湖南岳阳市·中考真题）
根据短文内容，在文中空格处填上一个恰当的词，使短文完整、通顺。
No one can live without sleep. Experts believe that sleep is 1 food and water. Good health needs good sleep. Scientists have found that people who sleep for less than 6 hours and a half at night are more often ill than people 2 sleep for 8 hours.
How 3 hours do you sleep every night? Most students have less than 8 hours of sleep every night. Some teachers complain that a few students feel sleepy or even fall asleep in class. These students can 4 concentrate(集中注意力）on their study.
Why are so many students short (缺少）of sleep? Recently, a reporter did a survey in No. 21 Middle School. The result shows that there are two main 5 about this problem. One is that students have too much homework at night. Some students have to 6 up late to finish their homework till 11:00 p.m. The 7 reason is about the use of Internet. Some students are crazy about playing games on the phones.
Many parents worry about this problem. The Ministry of Education （教育部）has paid more attention 8 this problem and required that students in primary schools should 9 at least 10 hours a day, 9 hours for junior high and 8 hours for senior high. Schools are expected to give less homework to students 10 that they can have more time to sleep.
【答案】
1．like
2．who
3．many
4．not/hardly
5．reasons
6．stay
7．other
8．to
9．sleep
10．so
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文，讨论目前青少年的睡眠时间不够等问题。
1．句意：专家认为，睡眠就像食物和水。根据“No one can live without sleep.”可知，睡眠像食物和水一样重要，be like“像”，故填like。
2．句意：科学家发现，晚上睡眠少于6个半小时的人比睡眠8个小时的人更容易生病。本句是定语从句，先行词是people指人，引导词在从句中作主语，故填who。
3．句意：你每晚睡几个小时？根据“Most students have less than 8 hours of sleep every night.”可知，此处对数量提问，hours是可数名词复数，how many多少，故填many。
4．句意：这些学生不能集中精力学习。根据“Some teachers complain that a few students feel sleepy or even fall asleep in class.”可知，学生不能集中，用not/hardly表示否定，故填not/hardly。
5．句意：结果表明，造成这一问题的主要原因有两个。根据“Why are so many students short (缺少）of sleep?”可知，此处表示“原因”，可用reason表示，此前有two修饰，使用名词复数，故填reasons。
6．句意：有些学生不得不熬夜直到晚上11点才完成作业。stay up late“熬夜很晚”，用于have to do sth短语中，使用动词原形，故填stay。
7．句意：另一个原因是关于互联网的使用。根据“The result shows that there are two main…”可知，是两个原因，one…the other…“一个……另一个……”，故填other。
8．句意：教育部已经对这个问题给予了更多的关注，要求小学生每天至少睡10小时，初中9小时，高中8小时。pay attention to“关注，注意”，故填to。
9．句意：教育部已经对这个问题给予了更多的关注，要求小学生每天至少睡10小时，初中生9小时，高中生8小时。根据“students in primary schools should…at least 10 hours a day”可知，此处表示“睡觉”，可用sleep表示，should后加动词原形，故填sleep。
10．句意：学校希望给学生少布置作业，这样他们就可以有更多的时间睡觉。“they can have more time to sleep”是目的，so that“以便，为了”，故填so。
B
（2021·重庆中考真题）
A study has been done at a university. Scientists divided a class into two groups. They made each group take notes 11 different ways. The first group took notes by hand. The second one did it on the computer. The 12 of the study was to find out which method would help the students learn better. The scientists thought Group Two would win. But to their surprise, Group One did a better job. Since you take notes by hand, stick to it!
Good notes can 13 to less stress（压力）when test time comes around. Then how can you improve your note-taking skill? The following advice can help you.
Firstly, try to get yourself ready 14 class begins. Be familiar（熟悉的）with the material that you are going to learn. Make sure you have your notebooks and pens on the desk.
Secondly, take notes wisely while listening in class. Many students become 15 taking notes and they may fail to follow the teacher. So it is important to know when to take notes. And remember to write down the key words and use shorthand（速记法） if necessary.
Thirdly, check your notes after class. You can add some details（细节）yourself first. If there is still something missing, compare your notes with 16 . Do it with those who take notes carefully. These checks will also 17 your chances of understanding what you’ve written.
Try the advice above. When you can take notes 18 than before, you will find your lessons easier and more enjoyable.
【答案】
11．in
12．purpose
13．lead
14．before
15．busy
16．others’
17．increase
18．better
【分析】
本文通过一项研究来证明记笔记的好处，本文着重介绍了如何提高记笔记技巧。
11．句意：他们让每个小组用不同的方法做笔记。此处表示“用不同的方法”，用介词in表示“用……方法”，故填in。
12．句意：这项研究的目的是找出哪种方法能帮助学生更好地学习。根据“to find out which method would help the students learn better”可知，此处介绍这项研究的目的，purpose“目的”，根据“was”可知，此空应填名词的单数形式，故填purpose。
13．句意：好的笔记可以减少考试时的压力。根据“Good notes can … to less stress（压力）when test time comes around”可知，此处表示“导致”，英文表达为lead to，情态动词can后接动词原形，故填lead。
14．句意：首先，在上课前做好准备。根据“try to get yourself ready… class begins”可知，是在上课前做好准备，故填before。
15．句意：许多学生变得忙于记笔记，他们可能不能跟上老师。根据“they may fail to follow the teacher”可知，学生忙着记笔记以至于跟不上老师讲的内容，be busy doing sth“忙于做某事”，故填busy。
16．句意：如果还缺少什么，把你的笔记和别人的进行比较。此处表示把你的笔记和其他人的笔记进行比较，others“其他人”，用名词所有格表示“其他人的笔记”，故填others’。
17．句意：这些检查也会增加你理解你所写内容的机会。根据“These checks will also …your chances of understanding what you’ve written”可知，在检查笔记的过程中，也是增加了理解自己所记的内容的机会，increase“增加”，will后接动词原形，故填increase。
18．句意：当你能记笔记比以前更好，你会发现你的课更容易和更愉快。根据“than”可知，此处应填比较级，根据“you will find your lessons easier and more enjoyable”可知，笔记比之前记得更好了，会发现课程很容易，用副词的比较级better修饰动词take notes，故填better。
C
（2021·重庆中考真题）
Nowadays we often work as a team. By leading a group of people can be difficult. People want team leaders they can trust. Would you like to be a good leader? Here’s some 19 for you.
Ask to know your team
Learn about each person on your team. You can’t be a successful leader 20 you know your team. Be a “learner” instead of a “knower” as you don’t have all of the answers. Try to get close to them by 21 questions. For example as you pass someone, you can ask, “Hi! Do you enjoy doing these projects?” or “Do you have any ideas about how to do it better?”
Talk to your team
Be as active as you can when you stay with your team. It’s a good practice to talk 22 with everyone on your team. Tell them what you’re thinking about and what new projects you’re considering. The more you talk to them, the more comfortable they will feel when they give you their opinions.
23 to your team
Let your team feel you’re a good listener. Whenever they have problems at work or at home, listen to what they want to say. Be patient and 24 trying to interrupt（打断）them. Make your team feel they can talk to you. Care about your team.
Show your team you care about them as 25 are friends. People will work harder for their leaders if they feel they are really cared about. If someone comes to you 26 a problem, always be ready to help. That will make your team trust and respect you more.
【答案】
19．advice
20．unless
21．asking
22．activly
23．Listen
24．never
25．they
26．with
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文，向我们介绍做一个好领导的建议。
19．句意：这是给你的一些建议。根据后文介绍可知，是给出建议，根据“Here’s”可知，用不可数名词advice，故填advice。
20．句意：除非你了解你的团队，否则你不可能成为一个成功的领导者。分析“You can’t be a successful leader…you know your team.”可知，此处表示“除非”，用unless引导条件状语从句，故填unless。
21．
句意：试着通过提问来接近他们。根据“Try to get close to them by…questions.”可知，此处表示提问，用ask表示，用在介词by后，使用动名词作宾语，故填asking。
22．句意：积极地与团队中的每个人交谈是一个很好的练习。根据“Be as active as you can when you stay with your team.”可知，此处表示“积极”，在句中修饰动词talk，使用副词形式activly，故填activly。
23．句意：倾听你的团队。根据“Let your team feel you’re a good listener.”可知，此处表示“倾听”，用listen表示，在句首大写首字母，故填Listen。
24．句意：要有耐心，不要试图打断他们。分析“Be patient and…trying to interrupt（打断）them.”可知，此处表示否定含义，可用never表示，故填never。
25．句意：向你的团队显示你像朋友一样关心他们。分析“Show your team you care about them as…are friends.”可知，此处指“他们”，在句中作主语，用主格they，故填they。
26．句意：如果有人找你有问题，随时准备帮助他。根据“If someone comes to you…a problem, always be ready to help.”可知，此处表示伴随，可用介词with表示，故填with。
【2020年】
2020年中考真题英语分项汇编
专题19 短文填空
考点2自由填空
Passage 1（2020 •重庆市A卷）
根据下面短文内容，在短文的空格处填上一个恰当的词，使短文完整、通顺。
We all want to live the life we dream of. However, at times, some negative (消极的) ideas may stop us. Hope the following suggestions can help to ignore those___54___ and go ahead.
Do What We Can Control
One thing we can control is doing what we can—eating healthily, exercising, reading and getting enough sleep. Doing the right things can help___55___ to achieve the most happiness. Also, it can make us move on in the___56___direction. However, we should also accept that there are many things we can't control.
Take Calculated (预料到的) Risks
Success doesn't come___57___risks. We all have to take risks in life, but try to make sure those risks are calculated. For example, you are working at a job that you hate, and you are dreaming of giving it up and ___58___ your own business. The thought is a start. But one day, you can't stand your job any more, so you leave it even though you haven't really had a plan. This is such a big risk that it will probably make you___59___want to take a risk again. So just start with a small risk.
Don't Be Afraid of Failure
Thomas Edison is one of the greatest inventors in history. However, he___60___many times. Did you know Edison created an electric pen? A ghost machine? Probably not. Well, that's because they were complete failures. But those failures put him one step___61___to success. Think of failures as milestones (里程碑) towards success.
【文章大意】
我们都想过我们梦想的生活，但有时候一些消极的想法会阻止我们前进。这篇短文中作者给我们提出了一些建议，告诉我们如何对待这些消极想法，让我们的生活继续前行，从而实现我们的梦想。
54. ideas【解析】句意：希望下面的建议能帮助你忽略这些想法，继续前行。
上句话“However, at times, some negative (消极的) ideas may stop us.”提到，一些消极的想法会阻止我们前进，这句话是告诉我们如何忽略那些想法，该空指代的是ideas。故答案为ideas。
55. us【解析】句意：做正确的事情可以帮助我们获得最大的幸福。
根据上句话“One thing we can control is doing what we can”可知，这个建议是让我做我们能做到的事情，使用的是第一人称we来叙述的，因此这里表示“可以帮助我们”，在句中作宾语，应用宾格形式。故答案为us。
56. right【解析】句意：同时，它可以让我们朝着正确的方向前进。
根据上文“Doing the right things can help ______ to achieve the most happiness. Also, it can make us move on in the ______ direction.”可知，这两句话介绍的是做正确的事情的好处。结合常识，我们做正确的事情，就能使我们朝着正确的方向前进，故答案为right。
57. without【解析】句意：成功不是没有风险的。
根据这一段的标题“Take Calculated (预料到的) Risks”以及下文“We all have to take risks in life”可知，我们要接受风险。因此这句话是表示“没有风险成功就不会到来”，这里考查without，是一个介词，意为“没有”，符合语境。故答案为without。
58. starting【解析】句意：例如，你正在做一份你讨厌的工作，你梦想着放弃它，开始自己的事业。
根据句意“you are working at a job that you hate, and you are dreaming of giving it up”，你讨厌你的工作，想要放弃它，根据常理，下面应该是开创自己的事业。start开始，是一个动词，符合语境。该空与前面的giving it up并列，也应用动名词形式。故答案为starting。
59. never【解析】句意：这是一个很大的风险，可能会让你永远不想再冒险。
根据上文“But one day, you can't stand your job any more, so you leave it even though you haven't really had a plan.”可知，在没有计划之前，就放弃了你的工作，这种冒险是不可取的，其结果是会让你永远不想再冒险。never“永远不，从不”，是否定副词，符合语境。故答案为never。
60. failed【解析】句意：然而，他失败了很多次。
这一段的标题是“Don't Be Afraid of Failure”“不要害怕失败”，文章以爱迪生为例，告诉我们即使伟大的人也经历了很多失败。根据句子结构可知，该空是句子的谓语动词，考查fail，且应用一般过去时态，这里填过去式。故答案为failed。
61. closer【解析】句意：但这些失败让他离成功又近了一步。
句子But表示转折，因此这里是想要告诉我们，失败并不是没有任何意义的，它是我们走向成功的里程碑。这里考查close to…“离……近”，且根据语境，失败的经历让我们离成功更近了，应用比较级形式。故答案为closer。
Passage 2（2020 •重庆市B卷）
根据下面短文内容, 在短文的空格处填上一个恰当的词, 使短文完整、通顺。
It's normal for the human mind to wander(走神). So many things may fill your mind and pull your thoughts in different directions. This isn't always ___54___. Sometimes a wandering mind can lead to a new creation. However, wandering thoughts can also stop you ___55___ getting things done, keep you up at night, or hurt your health. Don't worry. Try the following practice.
Doing Exercise and Activities
Slow down and let your mind focus(专注) on your breathing. By controlling your breathing, you bring your ___56___ to work together with your body. Once you lose interest in what you’re doing, you can take a break from it. Go for a walk, do some exercise, take a shower or even lie down and think about___57___. These activities help a lot.
Focusing on Tasks You're Doing
Do one task at a time, it won't slow you down. Instead, it keeps your mind focused and you’ll be able to get more done ___58___. While doing tasks, don't look around from time to time. If there's something keeping your mind wandering, allow yourself a specific(特定的）time to worry, think or plan. ___59___ the time is up, refocus on your next task.
Controlling Worrying Thoughts
Writing down or sharing your worries helps to get them out of your head. When there's a big task, it's understandable to put it off. But by ___60___ it bravely and trying to solve it, you can get away from your worrying thoughts. If it doesn't work after you've tried everything, ___61___that there are always things you can't change.
【文章大意】
本文主要讲的是有时候，走神可以带来新的创造；然而，走神也会妨碍你完成工作，让你夜不能寐，或者损害你的健康，并给出了改善走神的方法：做运动和活动；专注于你正在做的事情；控制焦虑的想法。
54. bad【解析】句意：这并不总是坏的。
分析句子，空出需要一个形容词作表语，根据“Sometimes a wandering mind can lead to a new creation.” （有时候，走神可以带来新的创造。）可知，走神并不总是坏事，bad坏的，故答案是bad。
55. from【解析】句意：然而，走神也会妨碍你完成工作，让你夜不能寐，或者损害你的健康。
stop sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事,固定短语，故答案是from。
56. mind【解析】句意：通过控制你的呼吸，让大脑与你的身体一起工作。
根据“Slow down and let your mind focus(专注) on your breathing.”（慢一点，让你的大脑集中到你的呼吸上）可知，这里指的是让大脑与身体一起运作，故答案是mind。
57. nothing【解析】句意：去散散步，做一些锻炼，洗个澡，甚至躺下来什么都不去想。
根据“Once you lose interest in what you’re doing, you can take a break from it.”（一旦你对你正在做的事情失去兴趣，你可以休息一下。）可知，这里指的是躺下来什么都不去想，nothing没有什么；无。故答案是nothing。
58. quickly【解析】句意：相反，它能让你集中注意力，你能快速地完成更多的事情。
分析句子可知，空处需要一个副词来修饰动词get，根据“Do one task at a lime, it won't slow you down.” （一次做一件事，它不会减慢你的速度。）可知，集中注意力可以使你快速完成事情，quickly快速地，故答案是quickly。
59. When【解析】句意：当时间到了，就重新集中注意力到下一个任务上。
根据上一句“If there's something keeping your mind wandering, allow yourself a specific(特定的）time to worry, think or plan.”（如果有什么让你心不在焉,允许自己在特定的时间内去担心，思考或计划。）可知，这里指的是当时间到了，when当……时，句首首字母大写，故答案是When。
60. facing【解析】句意：但通过勇敢地面对，并努力解决它，你就可以摆脱你的担忧。
根据“ trying to solve it, you can get away from your worrying thoughts”可推断，此处指的是勇敢面对，face面对，“and”连接的两个动词形式要一致，由trying可知，此处填facing，故答案是facing。
61. accept【解析】句意：如果你尝试了所有的方法还是不奏效，那么就接受那些你无法改变的事情。
根据句意结合常识可知，如果无法改变，那么就只能接受，所以应该是accept接受，这里是省略了主语you的祈使句，故用动词原形，故答案是accept。
2020年中考真题英语分项汇编
专题20 短文填空
考点3 自由填空
Passage 1（2020 •广东省）
五、短文填空
请用适当的词完成下面的短文，并把所缺单词填写在答题卡指定的位置上。每个空只能填写一个形式正确、意义相符的单词。
Jane is a warm-hearted girl. She is only ten years old, ____36____ she has big ideas of helping other kids.
Jane took part in a winter camp ____37____ the age of eight. During her stay in the camp, she went to visit some kids in poor areas. She felt sad that the kids there didn’t have new clothes to ____38____ and toys to play with. After she returned home, she kept thinking about ____39____ to do to help those kids.
One morning Jane saw some elder kids selling lemon juice by the street. They wanted to raise ____40____ to help their friends. Then she came up with an ____41____.
With the help of her mother, Jane ____42____ up her first lemonade stand (摊档). In a week, it made $52. Although it was only a ____43____ money, she helped 12 kids with it! She felt very excited when she saws smiles on ____44____ faces.
After that, her mother helped her start a program called Jane’s Lemonade for Love. Up till now, she has already raised ____45____ than $17,000! She is going to spend the money on clothes, toys and books for the poor kids.
文章大意：本文主要讲了一个热心的小女孩Jane在8岁时拜访一些贫困地区的孩子之后开始想办法帮助他们，她在妈妈的帮助下摆摊赚钱帮助贫困孩子，之后妈妈帮她开始了一个慈善项目，到目前为止，已经筹到多于一万七千美元，她打算用这些钱为贫困孩子们买衣服、玩具和书本。
36. but 【解析】句意：她只有十岁，但她有帮助其他孩子的伟大想法。
空前讲“她只有十岁”，空后讲“她有帮助其他孩子的伟大想法”，前后句意出现转折，用but表转折。故答案为but。
37. at 【解析】句意：简八岁时参加了一个冬令营。根据空后“the age of eight”可知此处用at the age of ... 表示“在……岁时”，是固定搭配。故答案为at。
38. wear【解析】句意：孩子们没有新衣服穿，没有玩具玩，她感到很伤心。分析句子结构可知此处用动词不定式作后置定语，结合空前“new clothes to ____”可推出是要穿的新衣服，用动词wear表示“穿”，与前面的to构成不定式。故答案为wear。
39. what【解析】句意：回家后，她一直在想该做些什么来帮助那些孩子。根据句意“她一直在想该做____来帮助那些孩子”可推出此处用what表示“什么”，此处是说该做些什么，what作do的宾语。故答案为what。
40. money【解析】句意：他们想筹集资金来帮助他们的朋友。结合题干中“raise ____ to help their friends”可推出此处用raise money表示“筹钱”，是固定搭配。故答案为money。
41. idea【解析】句意：然后她想出了一个主意。上文讲到她在想该做什么来帮助那些孩子，结合空前“came up with”可推出是想出一个主意，再由不定冠词an可知要填一个以元音音素开头的名词单数，由此可推出要用idea表示“主意”。故答案为idea。
42. set【解析】句意：在妈妈的帮助下，简摆起了自己的第一个柠檬水摊。根据题干中“her first lemonade stand”可推出此处是说建路边摊，结合空后“up”可知要用set up表示“建立”。故答案为set。
43. little【解析】句意：虽然只是一点钱，她却用这笔钱帮助了12个孩子！
根据题干中“ Although it was only a ____ money”可知句子是让步关系，由此可推出只是一点钱却帮了12个孩子，money是不可数名词，此处用a little表示“一点”。故答案为little。
44. their【解析】句意：当她看到他们脸上的笑容时，她感到非常兴奋。
根据上文“she helped 12 kids with it”可知此处是说孩子们脸上的笑容，用their表示“他们的”。故答案为their。
45. more【解析】句意：到目前为止，她已经筹集了超过17000美元！
根据题干中"has already raised”可知此处强调筹钱之多，结合空后“than”可推出要用more than表示“多于”。故答案为more。
Passage 2（2020 •吉林省）
(b) 根据短文内容，补全下面的语段，每空一词。
New Greeting Ways
The novel coronavirus has made a big difference ___61___ our lives. In many countries, it has also changed the ___62___ people greet each other. To help stop the spread of coronavirus, people give up their usual greeting styles and invent safe ways. Let's ___63___ at them.
In France and Italy, people learn to use their ___64___ to greet people instead of kissing or hugging. In Iran, people try to shake ___65___ rather than shake hands. An official from the WHO gives us three suggestions: waving hands, Thai "wai" and bumping elbows.
What do you think of these new greetings?
本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了在新冠病毒影响下，各个国家发明了新的、更为安全的问候方式。
61. to【解析】句意：新型冠状病毒给我们的生活产生了巨大的影响。
根据语境可知，新冠病毒给我们的生活产生了巨大的影响， make a difference to对……有影响，固定短语。故答案为to。
62. way (s) /style (s) 【解析】句意：在许多国家，它也改变了人们互相问候的方式。
根据下文“To help stop the spread of coronavirus, people give up their usual greeting styles and invent safe ways”可知，新冠病毒的爆发改变了人们互相问候的方式。way、style均有“方式”的意思，均为可数名词，此处用其单复数形式均可。故答案为way (s) /style (s)。
63. look【解析】句意：让我们看看它们。根据下文列举的“In France and Italy…”人们之间问候的方式可知，此处应为“让我们看看这些问候的方式”。look看，动词，其中let sb do sth让某人做某事，故此处应用其原形。故答案为look。
64. eyes【解析】句意：在法国和意大利，人们学会用眼睛问候别人，而不是亲吻或拥抱。
根据文章内容可知，在法国和意大利，人们学会了用眼睛来问候他人。句中空前their为形容词性物主代词，其后应接名词。eye眼睛，可数名词，此处应用其复数形式。故答案为eyes。
65. feet【解析】句意：在伊朗，人们试图摇脚而不是握手。
根据文章内容可知，伊朗人现在尝试着摇脚，而不是握手。foot脚，此处应用其复数形式。故答案为feet。Passage 3（2020 •吉林省）
某校计划举行一次文艺表演活动，负责人Sandy向全校同学发出邀请。请根据下面的海报，帮助Jack和Alice补全其回复的内容，每空一词。
Students Wanted for School Show
Time: From 3 p.m. to 5 p.m.
Friday, August 28th
Place: In the school music hall
Email: Sandy0717@qq. com
Come and show us!
Dear Sandy,
I am happy to get the information about the school show on ___71___, August 28th. I want to ___72___ in it. I'm good at singing and I can play the guitar, ___73___. Could I get a chance please?
Looking forward to your reply!
Jack
Dear Sandy,
I'd like to take part in the school show in the music ___74___. I'm in the school band. I can play the drums. And I can also dance. I really hope to ___75___ myself. Can I be a member?
Please reply to me soon.
Alice
【答案】71. Friday 72. join /be 73. too 74. hall
75. show /enjoy /challenge /improve /relax
这是一则学校的海报，介绍了学校演出活动的时间、地点、联系方式并号召大家参加。杰克和爱丽丝想要参加演出，写信给桑迪介绍自己的才能 。
71. Friday【解析】句意：很高兴得知学校演出将在8月28日周五举行。
根据“Friday, August 28th”可知举办的时间是周五，此处填Friday。故答案为Friday。
72. join /be【解析】句意：我想要参加。
表示“想要做某事”用动词短语want to do，此处表示“加入”用join in或者be in。故答案为join/be。
73. too【解析】句意：我擅长唱歌，而且我也会玩吉他。
此处是肯定句，放在句末表示“也”用副词too。故答案为too。
74. hall【解析】句意：我想要参加在音乐厅举行的学校演出。
根据“Place: In the school music hall”可知地点状语是在音乐厅，此处用名词hall。故答案为hall。
75. show /enjoy /challenge /improve /relax
【解析】句意：我真的很希望展示我自己/玩得开心/挑战自己/提升自己/放松自己。
表示“希望做某事”用动词短语hope to do，此处填动词原形。根据“school show”及“I'm in the school band. I can play the drums. And I can also dance”可知此处可以用动词show表示“展示自己的才能”；或者enjoy oneself表示“玩得开心”；或者challenge表示“挑战自己” ；或者improve表示“提升自己”；或者relax表示“让自己放松”。故答案为show/enjoy/challenge/ improve/relax。
Passage 4（2020 •河南省）
One day, I was reading my favorite magazine. My little girl 46． playing around me, which made my reading impossible. To get some peace, I tried a trick 47． keep her busy for a little while. I took a page out from my magazine with a printed map on it. I cut the map into pieces and handed them over to her, asking her to put those pieces together and make 48． complete map again.
But within several minutes, she was standing49． front of me with a perfect map in her little hands. Surprised, I asked her how she did it so quickly and easily.
She smiled and said." Oh, Dad,50． is a man's face on the other side of the map. I just tried to make his face completely."
Then she turned and ran outside to play, leaving me eyes wide and mouth open.
Word Bank
trick 把戏
文章讲述了作者一天在看杂志，孩子在旁边玩，作者为了让孩子能安静一会儿，把杂志上的一页地图取下来弄碎让孩子再拼回去，而不一会儿小女孩就拼好了，作者感到很惊讶，原来地图的背面是一张人脸，女孩只是拼好了人脸，所以地图也拼好了。
46．was【解析】句意：我在看我最喜欢的杂志，我的小女儿在我身边玩耍。根据句意理解及前句中的I was reading my favorite magazine可知，这里表达的是“我正在……”，前面用的是过去进行时，所以这里也用过去进行时，空格后面是ing形式，且句子主语是单数名词，所以这里应该用was，47．to
故答案为was。
47．to【解析】句意：我耍了个花招让她忙一会儿。根据句意理解可知，这里表达的是“为了……”，英语中用不定式来表示目的状语，所以空格应该用to，故答案为to。
48．a【解析】句意：我把地图弄成碎片，交给她，让她把这些碎片拼在一起，再做成一张完整的地图。
根据句意理解可知，这里表达的是“一张完整的地图”，空格表达的是“一个”，英语是不定冠词a/ an，而空格后面的词是complete，是一个辅音音标开头的单词，所以这里应该用a，故答案为a。
49．in【解析】句意：但几分钟后，她就站在我面前，小手拿着一张完美的地图。根据句意理解可知，这里表达的是“在前面”，英语是in front of，表示在外部的前面，所以空格缺的是in，故答案为in。
50．there【解析】句意：哦，爸爸，地图的另一边有一张男人的脸。根据句意理解可知，这里表达的是“有……”，英语中表达“某地有某物”要用there be句型，所以这里应该用there，故答案为there。
Passage 5（2020 •湖南省岳阳市）
E）阅读填空 根据短文内容，在文中空格处填上一个恰当的词，使短文完整、通顺。
Road-side business has become a hot topic recently. Premier （总理）Li Keqiang once said that road-side business can reflect common people’s life lively.
Last weekend, 5 college students decided to taste the trade pattern and difficulties of life outside school ___41___ selling vegetables on the side of the road together.
In the morning, they had to ___42___ up at 3 o’clock. First, they went to the farm near the city to buy different ___43___ of vegetables. To reduce （减少） the cost, they learn to bargain （讲价） with the farmers. Then they went back to the city as soon as ___44___ to take up a street stall（摊位）.At about 6：30 a.m. after putting vegetables in order and nicer ones on top, they began to_____45_____ vegetables. They peddled （吆喝）loudly and actively to attract customers. When the vegetables were not sold out, they gave them ____46____ to homeless people. Two days ____47____ , they earned （挣得） about 300 yuan.
After this unusual experience, they shared their feelings with each _____48_____ . “We were tired, ____49____ we gained a lot. Compared with hanging out, such social practice makes us learn _____50_____ difficult it is to make money.” said Wang Wen, who came up with this idea.
最近，路边生意成为了一个热门话题。文章中五个大学生决定体验一下这种地摊生意模式，他们一起去路边摆摊卖菜。通过这个不寻常的经历，他们懂得了生活的不易。
41. by【解析】句意：上周末，5名大学生决定一起在路边卖菜，体验一下这种生意模式和生活的艰辛。
空后selling是动名词形式，结合句意可知，这5名大学生决定通过卖菜这种方式来体验路边生意。by是介词，意为“通过……方式”，符合语意，后面跟名词或动名词形式。故答案为by。
42. get【解析】句意：早上，他们必须在3点钟起床。根据句中提到的时间at 3 o’clock以及空后的up可知，这里考查的是get up这一短语，意为“起床”。空前had to意为“不得不，必须”，后面跟动词原形。故答案为get。
43. kinds【解析】句意：首先，他们去城市附近的农场买各种蔬菜。根据常识可知，一个摊位上总是卖很多种蔬菜，因此这里考查的是kind，意为“种类”。空前有different修饰，表示“不同的”，这里应用名词的复数形式。故答案为kinds。
44. possible【解析】句意：然后他们尽快回到城里，占领一个摊位。根据句意和句子结构可知，这里考查的是短语as…as possible，意为“尽可能……”，故答案为possible。
45. sell【解析】句意：大约在早上6点半，他们把蔬菜摆放整齐，把更好的放在上面，然后开始卖蔬菜。
根据上文“Last weekend, 5 college students decided to taste the trade pattern and difficulties of life outside school ___1___ selling vegetables on the side of the road together.”可知，这些大学生是在路边卖菜，因此摆放好了之后就开始卖菜了。这里考查sell，是一个动词，意为“卖”。句中使用了句型begin to do sth.“开始做某事”，因此这里用动词的原形。故答案为sell。
46. away【解析】句意：当蔬菜没有卖完的时候，他们就把它们都送给无家可归的人。give away捐赠，赠送。根据homeless people可知，这5名大学生非常有爱心，把卖不了的蔬菜捐赠给那些无家可归的人，故答案为away。
47. later【解析】句意：两天后，他们挣了大约300元。空前Two days是一段时间，结合句意可知，这里表示“两天后”，考查later，是一个副词，常放在一段时间的后面。故答案为later。
48. other【解析】句意：在这段不寻常的经历之后，他们彼此分享了自己的感受。根据句意和空前的each可知，这里考查each other，意为“互相，彼此”，符合语境。故答案为other。
49. but【解析】句意：“我们很累，但我们收获很多。”根据句意可知，空前的tired与空后gained a lot是转折的关系，因此这里考查的是but，是一个连词，意为“但是”，表示转折。故答案为but。
50. how【解析】句意：与闲逛相比，这样的社会实践让我们了解到赚钱是多么的困难。根据句中子结构可知，该空引导了一个宾语从句，作空前learn的宾语；空后difficult是形容词，因此应用how修饰，意为“多么”。故答案为how。
【2019年】
2019年中考真题英语分项汇编
专题19 短文填空
考点3自由填空
Passage 1（2019 •广东省）
请用适当的词完成下面的短文,并把所缺单词填写在答题卡指定的位置上。每个空只能填写一个形式正确、意义相符的单词。
Last winter holiday,I visited a village with only 11 houses. __71__ the village was very small, I spent a whole day in it.
The village became popular because __72__ Grandpa Huang's hard work. He bought a house there over 30 years __73__, but in 2010 the village was to be pulled down. In order to save the old village, Grandpa Huang painted on the walls of __74__ own house and other houses. He painted things that he liked. In the village, there were many paintings of __75 __, such as cats and birds. The most popular paintings for visitors were of famous people. One of them was a picture of Andy. He and my __76__ singer. I liked him so much that I asked a visitor to __77__ a photo of that painting and me. On the ground of the village, Grandpa Huang has painted __78__ lot of well-known Chinese sayings. From them, Grandpa Huang learned to live a long and happy __79__.
I really had a good time in the village __80__ wished to visit it again.
【答案与解析】
71．Although/Though 此句的前后内容之间存在让步关系，故用表示让步关系的although和though。此句意为“虽然这个村子很小，但我在里面度过了一天的时光。”
72. of 短语because of意为“因为，由于”，后接名词（短语）、代词或动名词等。Grandpa Huang's hard work是名词短语。
73. ago 结合语境可推知，此处指在30多年前，黄爷爷在那里买了一所房子。ago意为“以前，以往”，与一般过去时连用。
74. his 结合空格后的“own house and other houses”可推知，此处指黄爷爷他自己的房子，故用his。
75. animals 结合空格后的“such as cats and birds”，此处指很多动物的画。
76. favo(u)rite 结合下一句“I liked him so much that I asked a visitor to... a photo of that painting and me.”可推知，Andy是“我”最喜爱的歌手。
77. take 短语take a photo of...意为“给……拍照片”。此处指给“我”和那幅画拍一张照片。
78. a 短语a lot of意为“很多”。
79. life 结合上一句可推知，黄爷爷从这些中国谚语中学习去过长寿且幸福的生活。live a long and happy life意为“过着长寿且幸福的生活”。
80. and and在此处表示并列，连接两个并列的谓语动词。
Passage 2（2019 •重庆市A卷）
I recently turned 30. Thinking back what I’ve experienced, I took some time to write myself some advice.
Trust
Even if it kills your relationship. Even if you lose your friends. Even if it means you end up getting hurt. __74__ people even if they give you a reason not to.
But don’t be too naive(幼稚). Some people are out to hurt you.
People
People are the best and __75__ thing that will happen to you. Some will help you go further and faster. Others will pull you down to their level and make you lose.
Most are OK. Many are average. Some are excellent. You don’t need a lot of people or friends around you. You need amazing people who help you just __76__ you help them. Only a few people will change your life forever. Find __77__.
Value time
Don’t waste time on people who cheat you.
Value other people’s __78__. Don’t be late. That means that if you’re late, you don’t care about them or their time. And that also means you think you’re worth more and therefore(因此) keep them __79__. Some people will tell you that it’s OK to be late. It’s not.
Fail
Fail. Fail a lot. Fail often. Fail in making friends. Fail in work. __80__ please don’t lose your heart! Learn a lesson.
If you don’t learn something when you fail, then all you’ve done is failed. If you learn something, then you’ve grown. Every time you grow and fail and learn, you become better at finding out the way to __81__.
【答案与解析】
74. Trust 结合本段的小标题“Trust”和内容尤其是空格后表示让步关系的even if可推知，此处指即使人们给你理由让你不去信任他们，你也要去信任他们。
75. worst 结合本段的后两句可推知，（遇见）不同的人会对你不同的影响，一些人会帮你走得更好或更快，一些人会拉低你的层次并让你遭受损失，故此处指（遇见不同的）人是将会发生在你身上最好和最坏的事情。
76. as/like 结合空格前后内容可推知，此处指你需要了不起的人，他们帮助你就像你帮助他们一样。连词as/like在此意为“如同；像……一样”。
77. them 此处用them指代上文提到的那些将会永远改变你的生活的极少数的人。
78. time 结合本段的小标题“Value time”和空格后面的两句话可推知，此处指要珍惜他人的时间。
79. waiting 结合上下文内容可推知，此处指迟到意味着你认为你值得更多并且因此让他们等你，故此处填waiting。
80. But 空格前后的内容之间存在转折关系，故用but。此处指尽管在失败多次，经常失败，在交友和工作中遇到失败，但请不要失去你的信心。
81. success/succeed 结合上文可推知，此处指如果你能从失败中学习并成长，那么你就更善于寻找到成功的道路。the way to success/succeed意为“成功之道”。
2019年中考真题英语分项汇编
专题19 短文填空
考点3自由填空
Passage 1（2019 •重庆市B卷）
根据下面短文内容，在短文的空格处填上一个恰当的词，使短文完整、通顺。
You’ve been here in China for a few days, and you may notice that Chinese people can sometimes be very direct. But don’t be fooled into thinking you can___54___anything you like to them. Here are a few things foreigners____55____China should never say.
Have you been on vacation? You look so tanned (晒黑的)!
While many people in the West grow up with the idea that dark skin is a sign of beauty, this is not true in China. That explains___56___umbrellas are just as common on sunny days as they are on rainy days here.
I really love China, but…
Don’t finish that___57___. No place can be perfect. It’s fine if you say something impolite about your___58___country, but don’t do it about someone else’s. This doesn’t just happen in China, but it’s fair to say the Chinese people show more love to their country.
I think Chinese food is the best food in the world.
What’s that? As everyone in China should already know this, saying that you love Chinese food is like saying that sugar is___59___or ice is cold. It’s won’t hurt anybody, but they may think you know___60___about their food culture. Since there are many different kinds of Chinese food, it sounds better to talk about the local food that you like most.
Keep them in mind and___61___your stay in China!
【答案与解析】
【文章大意】短文介绍了外国游客在中国不应该说的一些话。例如：“你度假了吗？你看起来很黑！”、“我真的很喜欢中国，但是…”、“我认为中国食物是世界上最好的食物。”同时文章也暗示我们，每个国家都有自己国家的习俗，一定要入乡随俗。
54. say 句意：但不要愚昧地认为你对他们想说什么就说什么。根据后面的句子“Here are a few things foreigners____54____China should never say.”可知，短文介绍了外国人在中国最忌讳说的一些话，不是想说什么就说什么，情态动词say后跟动词原形，故答案为say。
55. in 句意：这里有一些外国人在中国不应该说的话。in China在中国，故答案为in。
56. why 句意：这就解释了为什么雨伞在晴天和雨天一样常见。explain“解释”，中国人不喜欢皮肤黑，在晴天也打着雨伞，这也是雨伞在晴天和雨天一样常见的原因，故答案为why。
57. sentence(complaint) 句意：不要说出那样的话（抱怨）。that是指前面的“I really love China, but…”，是一句抱怨的话，故答案为sentence(complaint)。
58. own 句意：如果你对自己的国家说些不礼貌的话没关系。在形容词性物主代词所修饰的名词前面加上own，表示“某人自己的”，故可以添加own。
59. sweet 句意：说你喜欢中国菜，就像说出糖很甜或冰很冷一样。根据“ice is cold”判断，此处是让你说出事物的属性特征，糖给我们的印象肯定会是甜的，故答案为sweet。
60. nothing/little 句意：但他们可能会认为你对他们的饮食文化一无所知。根据前面的句意“说你喜欢中国菜，就像说出糖很甜或冰很冷一样”理解可知，好像说出这样的话跟没说一样，会让中国人认为自己对他们的饮食文化一无所知。故答案为nothing/little。
61. enjoy 句意：要记住它们，祝你在中国过得愉快！并列连词and前后连接的是两个祈使句，需要填写动词原形，短文是写给外国游客的，最后要献上祝福的话：祝您在中国过得愉快！enjoy“享受……的乐趣，过得快活”。
Passage 2（2019 •湖南省岳阳市）
根据短文内容，在文中空格处填上一个恰当的词，使短文完整、通顺。
Music is good for us． According to the new study（研究）from the World Health Organization（WHO）， music can（1） us happier and healthier． For example， when I feel tired， listening to some classical music helps me relax． When I'm down， I prefer pop music（2） of hope and energy （能量）．（3） is easy for me to fall asleep with soft music． Some doctors have found a fact — people （4） love music may live longer．
Near my neighborhood， a man and （5） wife own a small music house with mood music（情调音乐）． Teenagers like to spend time here while musicians are（6） different kinds of music． Sometimes， we are lucky to hear some famous singers sing songs written（7） themselves． The songs are （8） beautiful that we sing along with them． We communicate with one another in this special language． The most moving music is Chinese folk music． It（9） only reminds us of the old days but also brings us sweet memories．
Every one of us， rich or poor， young or old， may have at（10） one favorite song． Music will be together with us forever．
【答案与解析】
（1）make 考查动词。根据意思：音乐可以使我们更快乐、更健康。make +adj．can后面加动词原形，故填make。
（2）full 考查形容词。根据意思：当我情绪低落时，我喜欢充满希望和能量的流行音乐。充满full of，故填full。
（3）It 考查代词。根据意思：我很容易在轻柔的音乐中入睡．it is +adj．+for sb to do 对某人来说干某事是……的，故填It．。
（4）who 考查疑问代词。根据意思：一些医生发现了一个事实——热爱音乐的人可能活得更长。定语从句，先行词是人，故用who。
（5）his 考查代词。根据意思：在我家附近，一个男人和他的妻子拥有一个有情调音乐的小音乐屋。他的妻子，故用his。
（6）playing 考查动词。根据意思：音乐家则在这里演奏不同种类的音乐。现在进行时态，be doing，故填playing。
（7）by 考查介词。根据意思：有时，我们很幸运地听到一些著名的歌手唱自己写的歌。某人自己by oneself，故填by。
（8）so．考查形容词。根据意思：这些歌是如此美，我们与他们一起唱．so... that 如此……以至于……，故填so。
（9）not 考查副词。根据意思：它不仅让我们想起过去的日子，而且带给我们美好的回忆。not only...but also 不但……而且……，故填not。
（10）least 考查形容词。根据意思：我们每个人，无论贫富，无论老少，都可能至少有一首最喜欢的歌。至少at least，故填least。
2019年中考真题英语分项汇编
专题19 短文填空
考点3自由填空
Passage 1（2019 •岳阳市）
根据短文内容，在文中空格处填上一个恰当的词，使短文完整、通顺。
Music is good for us. According to the new study (研究) from the World Health Organization (WHO), music can ___41___ us happier and healthier. For example, when I feel tired, listening to some classical music helps me relax. When I’m down, I prefer pop music ___42___ of hope and energy (能量). ___43___ is easy for me to fall asleep with soft music. Some doctors have found a fact—people ___44___ love music may live longer.
Near my neighborhood, a man and ___45___ wife own a small music house with mood music (情调音乐). Teenagers like to spend time here while musicians are ___46___ different kinds of music. Sometimes, we are lucky to hear some famous singers sing songs written ___47___ themselves. The songs are ___48___ beautiful that we sing along with them. We communicate with one another in this special language. The most moving music is Chinese folk music. It ___49___ only reminds us of the old days but also brings us sweet memories.
Every one of us, rich or poor, young or old, may have at ____50____ one favorite song. Music will be together with us forever.
【答案与解析】很多人都喜欢音乐，有一项研究也表明，音乐可以使人们更快乐、更健康。音乐的类型有很多，不同的人喜欢的类型也是不一样的。短文中作者给我们介绍了他不同时刻喜欢的不同音乐，还提到了他家附近的一个音乐馆。
41. make 句意：根据世界卫生组织的一项新研究，音乐能使我们更快乐、更健康。根据句意和空后us happier and healthier可知，这里应表示“使…怎么样”，应用使用动词make，空前有情态动词can，故这里填动词原形make。
42. full 句意：当我情绪低落的时候，我喜欢充满希望和能量的流行音乐。根据句意和空后的of可知，这里考查短语full of…充满…。故这里填full。
43. It 句意：对于我来说听轻音乐很容易就能睡着。这句话使用的句型是It is+形容词+for sb. to do sth.“对于某人来说做某事是…的”，其中It是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式。故这里应填It。
44. who 句意：一些医生发现了一个事实—喜爱音乐的人可能更长寿。根据句子结构可知，…love music是一个定语从句，修饰名词people，指人，故应填关系代词who，在从句中作主语。
45. his 句意：在我住的附近，一个男人和他的妻子拥有一个小的音乐屋，里面有情调音乐。根据句意可知，这个空指代那个男人的妻子，故应填形容词性物主代词his，意为“他的”。
46. singing 句意：青少年们喜欢来这里消磨时间，同时音乐家唱着各种各样的音乐。根据句意musicians are… different kinds of music可知，这里应表示“演唱…”，while引导的时间状语从句中使用的是现在进行时，故这里填现在分词singing。
47. by 句意：有时候我们会非常幸运听到一些著名的歌手演唱他们自己写的歌。根据句意songs written“被写的歌”，这里应填介词by，表示“被…”。
48. so 句意：这些歌曲如此优美以至于我们都会跟着一起唱。根据句意和句子结构可知，这句话中使用的是句型so…that…如此…以至于…，引导结果状语从句，故这里填so。
49. not 句意：它不仅使我们想起了过去的好时光，而且给我们带来了甜美的回忆。根据句意可知，这句话中使用了连词短语not only…but also，意为“不但…而且…”，因此这里应填not。
50. least 句意：我们每一个人，不管富有还是贫穷，年轻还是年老，可能都至少有一首最喜欢的歌。根据句意可知，这里考查的是短语at least，意为“至少”，故这里应填least。
【点睛】
这篇短文的话题是音乐，是一个学生们都非常熟悉的话题，因此文意比较容易理解。题型是根据文意在空格上填写适当的单词，题目中没有给出关于单词的任何提示，学生们只能通过上下文的意思进行猜测，还需要注意单词的适当形式。做题时，应先通读短文，将空格隔过去，了解文章的大概意思；然后再确切理解每句话想要表达的内容，填写适当的单词。句子的结构、固定短语等，也是解题的关键。例如第3小题，这句话使用的句型是It is+形容词+for sb. to do sth.“对于某人来说做某事是…的”，其中It是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式。故这里应填It。再如第9小题，而且给我们带来了甜美的回忆。根据句意可知，这句话中使用了连词短语not only…but also，意为“不但…而且…”，因此这里应填not。
专题43 短文填空—自由填空
【2022年】
（一）（2022·山西·中考真题）
请阅读下面短文，根据语篇内容，在空白处填入恰当的单词，使短文通顺、连贯。每空一词。
Kids’ Body LanguageDo you want to know your kids well? If so, just start with their body language.
We all talk, but most of the talking is body language. You may not notice it, ___35___ we use body language much more than we think.
Usually kids’ body language is the same ___36___ adults’, and sometimes it sends a different message. Here are some examples. Let’s see what they mean.
Not standing straightA kid ___37___ doesn’t stand straight may feel unhappy or just feel a bit down. He might not feel very good about himself, or ___38___ might just be thinking about something else! It’s not always easy to say, and most of the time he won’t tell you ___39___ is the matter.
My advice: if there are no health problems, don’t care.
Not looking you in the eyeA kid who doesn’t look you in the eye may not believe in himself, or he may be afraid ___40___ his elders. He may also feel uncomfortable looking at anybody. There ___41___ a few things that you can do. Try to do things with them that don’t require looking at you. You could also pretend(假装) not to notice it.
My advice: ___42___ they are smart, friendly and polite, it’ll probably be OK.
If you are interested ___43___ kids’ body language, welcome to my corner. We will talk more about it from 8:00 ___44___ 9:00 p.m. on Monday.
【答案】35．but
36．as
37．who##that
38．he
39．what
40．of
41．are
42．if
43．in
44．to
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文，介绍孩子们的肢体语言，并针对不同情况给出一些建议。
35．
句意：你可能没有注意到，但我们使用肢体语言的次数比我们想象的要多。前后两句构成转折关系，用but连接，故填but。
36．
句意：通常孩子们的肢体语言和成年人的是一样的，有时它传递的是不同的信息。the same as“与……相同”，故填as。
37．
句意：一个不站直的孩子可能会感到不开心或只是感到有点沮丧。此处是定语从句，先行词是人，引导词在从句中作主语，用who/that连接，故填who/that。
38．
句意：他可能对自己感觉不太好，或者他可能只是在想别的事情！结合前句中的“He”可知，此处也用he作主语，故填he。
39．
句意：说出来总是不容易，大多数时候他也不会告诉你发生了什么事。此处是宾语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，表示“什么”，用what连接，故填what。
40．
句意：一个不直视你眼睛的孩子可能不相信他自己，或者他害怕长辈。be afraid of“害怕……”，故填of。
41．
句意：有一些你可以做的事情。此处是there be句型，时态是一般现在时，主语是复数a few things，故填are。
42．
句意：我的建议是：如果他们聪明、友好、有礼貌，这可能是没问题的。“they are smart, friendly and polite”是“it’ll probably be OK”的肯定条件，用if引导条件状语从句，故填if。
43．
句意：如果你对孩子的肢体语言感兴趣，欢迎来到我的角落。be interested in“对……感兴趣”，故填in。
44．
句意：我们将在周一晚上8点到9点详细讨论。from...to...“从……到……”，故填to。
（二）（2022·湖南岳阳·中考真题）
根据短文内容，在文中空格处填上一个恰当的词，使短文完整、通顺。
How does the tea plant grow? This term, some students got their answers in the school’s rooftop(屋顶) garden. Many schools have built small gardens on their teaching building’s rooftop. Some students planted tea plants there. While taking ___46___ of tea plants, they also did experiments to learn more about tea.
How to ___47___ egg soup and sandwiches? Some students learned to cook in an after-school cooking club. To parents’ __48__, their kids could cook some simple dishes in a short time.
In the past, Chinese children were sometimes busier after school ___49___ they had to take so many after-school classes. Now, students join all kinds of clubs. Why do students have free time to ___50___ up their hobbies? Because China has introduced the “double reduction” policy(双减政策). It hopes to ease(减轻) students’ learning burden(负担) __51__ reducing homework and after-school classes.
Students’ lives have changed a lot since the policy was carried out. On the one hand, their homework is clearly ___52___ than before, they aren’t encouraged to buy workbooks(练习册) any more. Teenagers have more chances to get knowledge from the real life. This is a much better way than just hitting the books. On the other hand, students spend more time ___53___ after-school clubs. They get lots of life skills from these colorful clubs and have enough time to relax and think for ___54___. It’s believed ___55___ the “double reduction” policy makes a difference to students’ lives.
【答案】46．care
47．make
48．surprise
49．because
50．take
51．by
52．less
53．joining
54．themselves
55．that
【解析】
【导语】
本文主要讲述了“双减政策”之后，孩子们课外生活和学习生活的变化。
46．
句意：在照顾茶树的同时，他们也做实验来了解更多关于茶的知识。根据“Some students planted tea plants there.”可知，照顾植物，take care of“照顾”；故填care。
47．
句意：怎样做鸡蛋汤和三明治？根据“egg soup and sandwiches”可知，制作鸡蛋汤和三明治；结合How to do，需要动词原形；故填make。
48．
句意：令父母惊讶的是，他们的孩子可以在短时间内做一些简单的菜。根据“their kids could cook some simple dishes in a short time”可知，孩子们短时间内学会了简单的菜，父母很惊讶，to one’s surprise“令人惊讶的是”；故填surprise。
49．
句意：在过去，中国的孩子放学后有时更忙，因为他们要参加很多课外班。根据“they had to take so many after-school classes”可知，此句是前句的原因，because符合句意；故填because。
50．
句意：为什么学生有空闲时间从事他们的爱好？take up“从事（某一种兴趣爱好）”，结合have time to do，需要动词原形；故填take。
51．
句意：它希望通过减少家庭作业和课外课程来减轻学生的学习负担。根据“reducing homework and after-school classes”可知，通过减少家庭作业和课外班来减轻负担，by“通过”符合句意；故填by。
52．
句意：一方面，他们的作业明显比以前少了。根据“than before”可知，作业比之前少，less“更少”符合句意；故填less。
53．
句意：另一方面，学生花更多的时间参加课外俱乐部。根据“after-school clubs”可知，参加课外俱乐部，结合spend sth doing sth，需要动名词，joining符合句意；故填joining。
54．
句意：他们从这些丰富多彩的俱乐部获得了很多生活技能，有足够的时间放松和独立思考。根据“have enough time to relax and think”可知，有时间独立思考，主语是they，其反身代词是themselves；故填themselves。
55．
句意：据说，“双减”政策对学生的生活产生了影响。分析句子结构可知，是主语从句，需要that作引导词，故填that。
（三）（2022·重庆A卷·中考真题）
根据下面短文内容，在短文的空格处填上一个最恰当的词，使短文完整、通顺。
Miss Wang recently had a worrying experience.
One morning, just as she arrived at her ____44____, Wang noticed some missed calls from her mother. “It must be something very important,” she thought to herself.
Right away, she called her mother ____45____ quite worriedly. To her surprise, Wang found her mother only wanted her charger (充电器), which Wang took to the office by mistake.
When Wang hurried home from her office, she found her mother’s ____46____ was still 70% charged. And her mother was worried that it would run out of power as she continued using it.
Now Wang realizes the seriousness of the problem. Her mother ____47____ eight hours a day playing games, reading news and watching short videos online. And her mother has problems like poor eyesight, headache and so on.
This story is not special and Wang’s mother is not ____48____. She is just one in a growing population of the old who lose themselves in playing with phones. As the old have ____49____ chances to join in social activities, a smart phone is the best way to kill time.
But too much time on phone can cause many problems. “Be careful when using your phones, ____50____ you will be easily fooled!” Although the old are always warned like this, online frauds (欺骗) still happen to them. Now there are more family problems. Action should be taken.
For the old, they should control their screen time and get enough rest. The young, for their part, should often visit the old, and help them learn more about online safety so that they can ____51____ themselves. Also, the young can do more activities with the old like talking, walking and traveling, or encourage them to learn something at the universities for the aged.
【答案】44．office
45．back
46．phone
47．spends
48．alone
49．fewer
50．or
51．protect
【解析】
【导语】
本文通过王小姐和她母亲的经历告诉我们老人现在过度使用手机，这样会引起很多问题，所以作者建议年轻人要多拜访老人，老人也要多做一些其他活动。
44．
句意：一天早上，她刚到办公室，就注意到她妈妈的一些未接电话。根据“When Wang hurried home from her office”可知她到达了办公室，office“办公室”。故填office。
45．
句意：马上，她很着急的给妈妈回了电话。根据“she called her mother...”以及上文可知，看到妈妈的未接电话，会回电话，call sb. back“给某人回电话”。故填back。
46．
句意：王小姐从办公室赶回家时，发现妈妈的手机还有70%的电量。根据“she found her mother’s...was still 70% charged”以及上文可知她妈妈的手机还有电，phone“电”，指她妈妈的手机，名词用单数。故填phone。
47．
句意：她的母亲每天花八个小时玩游戏、阅读新闻和在线观看短视频。根据“eight hours a day playing games...”可知是花费时间做某事，主语是人，用spend“花费”，描述一般情况，用一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，谓语用第三人称单数。故填spends。
48．
句意：这个故事并不特别，王的母亲并不是唯一的例子。根据“This story is not special”以及“She is just one in a growing population of the old who lose themselves in playing with phones”可知王小姐的母亲不是唯一的一个沉迷手机的例子，alone“单独的”。故填alone。
49．
句意：由于老年人参加社交活动的机会较少，智能手机是打发时间的最佳方式。根据“a smart phone is the best way to kill time”可知他们用手机打发时间，因为他们参加社交活动的机会相较于年轻人来说更少，故此处用比较级，修饰可数名词复数用fewer“更少”。故填fewer。
50．
句意：使用手机时要小心，否则很容易上当！根据“Be careful when using your phones...you will be easily fooled”可知此处是结构“祈使句+or+陈述句”，表示“用手机时要小心，否则很容易被欺骗”。故填or。
51．
句意：对于年轻人来说，他们应该经常拜访老年人，并帮助他们更多地了解网络安全，以便他们能够保护自己。根据“help them learn more about online safety so that they can...themselves”可知让老人了解网络安全，这样老人能保护自己，protect“保护”，情态动词can后加动词原形。故填protect。
（四）（2022·重庆B卷·中考真题）
根据下面短文内容，在短文的空格处填上一个最恰当的词，使短文完整、通顺。
As students, you should study hard. More importantly, you should study in a smart way. Try these methods below.
Spaced Repetition
According to Ebbinghaus, you’ll ____44____ easily if you don’t review in time. After you read your study material for the first time, you’d better come back to it 6 hours later, then 24 hours later, 3 days later, 7 days later or even 14 days later and above. Repeat it ____45____ least 5 times, and you can almost remember everything.
Jim Kwik's Technique(方法)
According to Jim Kwik, an expert on reading and the memory, the key to understanding your reading material is to ask question. You can put a line down the ____46____ of a piece of paper. On the left, take notes of key information,while on the right, write down 3 kinds of questions—how, when and why. Among the questions, the most important ____47____ is how you can use the key information. Connect it with the knowledge you’ve ____48____ known. And think about what real life problems you can solve by using it. This helps to keep the information your mind.
The Feynman Technique
Studies show students can understand what they’ve learned better when they ____49____ someone else. The Feynman technique includes 4 basic steps. First, study. Second, teach what you’ve just learned to someone with zero knowledge of the subject in ____50____ words. Third, find out which parts you can explain well and which parts you can’t. Go back to the book and try to understand the topic once again. Fourth, repeat the steps above ____51____ you can explain the topic without looking at the book.
【答案】44．forget
45．at
46．middle
47．one
48．already
49．teach
50．other
51．until
【解析】
【导语】
本文主要讲述了三种学习方法。
44．
句意：根据艾宾浩斯的说法，如果你不及时复习，你很容易忘记。根据“easily if you don’t review in time”以及常识可知不及时复习容易遗忘，forget“忘记”，will后加动词原形。故填forget。
45．
句意：重复至少5次，你几乎可以记住所有内容。根据“least 5 times”可知是至少5次，at least“至少”。故填at。
46．
句意：你可以在一张纸的中间画一条线。根据“You can put a line down the...of a piece of paper. On the left...while on the right...”可知是在纸的中间画一条线，the middle of“……的中间”。故填middle。
47．
句意：在这些问题中，最重要的是如何使用关键信息。根据“Among the questions, the most important”可知是最重要的问题，此处用one代指可数名词单数。故填one。
48．
句意：将它与你已经知道的知识联系起来。根据“Connect it with the knowledge you’ve...known”可知是把问题和已经知道的知识联系起来，already“已经”，副词。故填already。
49．
句意：研究表明，当学生教别人时，他们可以更好地理解他们学到的东西。根据“Second, teach what you’ve just learned to...”可知当学生教别人时，他们学得更好，teach“教”，描述一般情况，用一般现在时，主语是they，谓语动词用原形。故填teach。
50．
句意：其次，用其他的语言把你刚刚学到的东西教给对这个主题知识为零的人。根据“teach what you’ve just learned to someone with zero knowledge of the subject in...words”可知是用其他的话把自己学到的知识教给别人，other“其他的”，后加名词复数。故填other。
51．
句意：第四，重复上面的步骤，直到你不用看书就能解释这个话题。根据“repeat the steps above...you can explain the topic without looking at the book”可知是重复这些步骤直到可以解释，until“直到”，引导时间状语从句。故填until。
【2021年】
A
（2021·湖南岳阳市·中考真题）
根据短文内容，在文中空格处填上一个恰当的词，使短文完整、通顺。
No one can live without sleep. Experts believe that sleep is 1 food and water. Good health needs good sleep. Scientists have found that people who sleep for less than 6 hours and a half at night are more often ill than people 2 sleep for 8 hours.
How 3 hours do you sleep every night? Most students have less than 8 hours of sleep every night. Some teachers complain that a few students feel sleepy or even fall asleep in class. These students can 4 concentrate(集中注意力）on their study.
Why are so many students short (缺少）of sleep? Recently, a reporter did a survey in No. 21 Middle School. The result shows that there are two main 5 about this problem. One is that students have too much homework at night. Some students have to 6 up late to finish their homework till 11:00 p.m. The 7 reason is about the use of Internet. Some students are crazy about playing games on the phones.
Many parents worry about this problem. The Ministry of Education （教育部）has paid more attention 8 this problem and required that students in primary schools should 9 at least 10 hours a day, 9 hours for junior high and 8 hours for senior high. Schools are expected to give less homework to students 10 that they can have more time to sleep.
【答案】
1．like
2．who
3．many
4．not/hardly
5．reasons
6．stay
7．other
8．to
9．sleep
10．so
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文，讨论目前青少年的睡眠时间不够等问题。
1．句意：专家认为，睡眠就像食物和水。根据“No one can live without sleep.”可知，睡眠像食物和水一样重要，be like“像”，故填like。
2．句意：科学家发现，晚上睡眠少于6个半小时的人比睡眠8个小时的人更容易生病。本句是定语从句，先行词是people指人，引导词在从句中作主语，故填who。
3．句意：你每晚睡几个小时？根据“Most students have less than 8 hours of sleep every night.”可知，此处对数量提问，hours是可数名词复数，how many多少，故填many。
4．句意：这些学生不能集中精力学习。根据“Some teachers complain that a few students feel sleepy or even fall asleep in class.”可知，学生不能集中，用not/hardly表示否定，故填not/hardly。
5．句意：结果表明，造成这一问题的主要原因有两个。根据“Why are so many students short (缺少）of sleep?”可知，此处表示“原因”，可用reason表示，此前有two修饰，使用名词复数，故填reasons。
6．句意：有些学生不得不熬夜直到晚上11点才完成作业。stay up late“熬夜很晚”，用于have to do sth短语中，使用动词原形，故填stay。
7．句意：另一个原因是关于互联网的使用。根据“The result shows that there are two main…”可知，是两个原因，one…the other…“一个……另一个……”，故填other。
8．句意：教育部已经对这个问题给予了更多的关注，要求小学生每天至少睡10小时，初中9小时，高中8小时。pay attention to“关注，注意”，故填to。
9．句意：教育部已经对这个问题给予了更多的关注，要求小学生每天至少睡10小时，初中生9小时，高中生8小时。根据“students in primary schools should…at least 10 hours a day”可知，此处表示“睡觉”，可用sleep表示，should后加动词原形，故填sleep。
10．句意：学校希望给学生少布置作业，这样他们就可以有更多的时间睡觉。“they can have more time to sleep”是目的，so that“以便，为了”，故填so。
B
（2021·重庆中考真题）
A study has been done at a university. Scientists divided a class into two groups. They made each group take notes 11 different ways. The first group took notes by hand. The second one did it on the computer. The 12 of the study was to find out which method would help the students learn better. The scientists thought Group Two would win. But to their surprise, Group One did a better job. Since you take notes by hand, stick to it!
Good notes can 13 to less stress（压力）when test time comes around. Then how can you improve your note-taking skill? The following advice can help you.
Firstly, try to get yourself ready 14 class begins. Be familiar（熟悉的）with the material that you are going to learn. Make sure you have your notebooks and pens on the desk.
Secondly, take notes wisely while listening in class. Many students become 15 taking notes and they may fail to follow the teacher. So it is important to know when to take notes. And remember to write down the key words and use shorthand（速记法） if necessary.
Thirdly, check your notes after class. You can add some details（细节）yourself first. If there is still something missing, compare your notes with 16 . Do it with those who take notes carefully. These checks will also 17 your chances of understanding what you’ve written.
Try the advice above. When you can take notes 18 than before, you will find your lessons easier and more enjoyable.
【答案】
11．in
12．purpose
13．lead
14．before
15．busy
16．others’
17．increase
18．better
【分析】
本文通过一项研究来证明记笔记的好处，本文着重介绍了如何提高记笔记技巧。
11．句意：他们让每个小组用不同的方法做笔记。此处表示“用不同的方法”，用介词in表示“用……方法”，故填in。
12．句意：这项研究的目的是找出哪种方法能帮助学生更好地学习。根据“to find out which method would help the students learn better”可知，此处介绍这项研究的目的，purpose“目的”，根据“was”可知，此空应填名词的单数形式，故填purpose。
13．句意：好的笔记可以减少考试时的压力。根据“Good notes can … to less stress（压力）when test time comes around”可知，此处表示“导致”，英文表达为lead to，情态动词can后接动词原形，故填lead。
14．句意：首先，在上课前做好准备。根据“try to get yourself ready… class begins”可知，是在上课前做好准备，故填before。
15．句意：许多学生变得忙于记笔记，他们可能不能跟上老师。根据“they may fail to follow the teacher”可知，学生忙着记笔记以至于跟不上老师讲的内容，be busy doing sth“忙于做某事”，故填busy。
16．句意：如果还缺少什么，把你的笔记和别人的进行比较。此处表示把你的笔记和其他人的笔记进行比较，others“其他人”，用名词所有格表示“其他人的笔记”，故填others’。
17．句意：这些检查也会增加你理解你所写内容的机会。根据“These checks will also …your chances of understanding what you’ve written”可知，在检查笔记的过程中，也是增加了理解自己所记的内容的机会，increase“增加”，will后接动词原形，故填increase。
18．句意：当你能记笔记比以前更好，你会发现你的课更容易和更愉快。根据“than”可知，此处应填比较级，根据“you will find your lessons easier and more enjoyable”可知，笔记比之前记得更好了，会发现课程很容易，用副词的比较级better修饰动词take notes，故填better。
C
（2021·重庆中考真题）
Nowadays we often work as a team. By leading a group of people can be difficult. People want team leaders they can trust. Would you like to be a good leader? Here’s some 19 for you.
Ask to know your team
Learn about each person on your team. You can’t be a successful leader 20 you know your team. Be a “learner” instead of a “knower” as you don’t have all of the answers. Try to get close to them by 21 questions. For example as you pass someone, you can ask, “Hi! Do you enjoy doing these projects?” or “Do you have any ideas about how to do it better?”
Talk to your team
Be as active as you can when you stay with your team. It’s a good practice to talk 22 with everyone on your team. Tell them what you’re thinking about and what new projects you’re considering. The more you talk to them, the more comfortable they will feel when they give you their opinions.
23 to your team
Let your team feel you’re a good listener. Whenever they have problems at work or at home, listen to what they want to say. Be patient and 24 trying to interrupt（打断）them. Make your team feel they can talk to you. Care about your team.
Show your team you care about them as 25 are friends. People will work harder for their leaders if they feel they are really cared about. If someone comes to you 26 a problem, always be ready to help. That will make your team trust and respect you more.
【答案】
19．advice
20．unless
21．asking
22．activly
23．Listen
24．never
25．they
26．with
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文，向我们介绍做一个好领导的建议。
19．句意：这是给你的一些建议。根据后文介绍可知，是给出建议，根据“Here’s”可知，用不可数名词advice，故填advice。
20．句意：除非你了解你的团队，否则你不可能成为一个成功的领导者。分析“You can’t be a successful leader…you know your team.”可知，此处表示“除非”，用unless引导条件状语从句，故填unless。
21．
句意：试着通过提问来接近他们。根据“Try to get close to them by…questions.”可知，此处表示提问，用ask表示，用在介词by后，使用动名词作宾语，故填asking。
22．句意：积极地与团队中的每个人交谈是一个很好的练习。根据“Be as active as you can when you stay with your team.”可知，此处表示“积极”，在句中修饰动词talk，使用副词形式activly，故填activly。
23．句意：倾听你的团队。根据“Let your team feel you’re a good listener.”可知，此处表示“倾听”，用listen表示，在句首大写首字母，故填Listen。
24．句意：要有耐心，不要试图打断他们。分析“Be patient and…trying to interrupt（打断）them.”可知，此处表示否定含义，可用never表示，故填never。
25．句意：向你的团队显示你像朋友一样关心他们。分析“Show your team you care about them as…are friends.”可知，此处指“他们”，在句中作主语，用主格they，故填they。
26．句意：如果有人找你有问题，随时准备帮助他。根据“If someone comes to you…a problem, always be ready to help.”可知，此处表示伴随，可用介词with表示，故填with。
【2020年】
2020年中考真题英语分项汇编
专题19 短文填空
考点2自由填空
Passage 1（2020 •重庆市A卷）
根据下面短文内容，在短文的空格处填上一个恰当的词，使短文完整、通顺。
We all want to live the life we dream of. However, at times, some negative (消极的) ideas may stop us. Hope the following suggestions can help to ignore those___54___ and go ahead.
Do What We Can Control
One thing we can control is doing what we can—eating healthily, exercising, reading and getting enough sleep. Doing the right things can help___55___ to achieve the most happiness. Also, it can make us move on in the___56___direction. However, we should also accept that there are many things we can't control.
Take Calculated (预料到的) Risks
Success doesn't come___57___risks. We all have to take risks in life, but try to make sure those risks are calculated. For example, you are working at a job that you hate, and you are dreaming of giving it up and ___58___ your own business. The thought is a start. But one day, you can't stand your job any more, so you leave it even though you haven't really had a plan. This is such a big risk that it will probably make you___59___want to take a risk again. So just start with a small risk.
Don't Be Afraid of Failure
Thomas Edison is one of the greatest inventors in history. However, he___60___many times. Did you know Edison created an electric pen? A ghost machine? Probably not. Well, that's because they were complete failures. But those failures put him one step___61___to success. Think of failures as milestones (里程碑) towards success.
【文章大意】
我们都想过我们梦想的生活，但有时候一些消极的想法会阻止我们前进。这篇短文中作者给我们提出了一些建议，告诉我们如何对待这些消极想法，让我们的生活继续前行，从而实现我们的梦想。
54. ideas【解析】句意：希望下面的建议能帮助你忽略这些想法，继续前行。
上句话“However, at times, some negative (消极的) ideas may stop us.”提到，一些消极的想法会阻止我们前进，这句话是告诉我们如何忽略那些想法，该空指代的是ideas。故答案为ideas。
55. us【解析】句意：做正确的事情可以帮助我们获得最大的幸福。
根据上句话“One thing we can control is doing what we can”可知，这个建议是让我做我们能做到的事情，使用的是第一人称we来叙述的，因此这里表示“可以帮助我们”，在句中作宾语，应用宾格形式。故答案为us。
56. right【解析】句意：同时，它可以让我们朝着正确的方向前进。
根据上文“Doing the right things can help ______ to achieve the most happiness. Also, it can make us move on in the ______ direction.”可知，这两句话介绍的是做正确的事情的好处。结合常识，我们做正确的事情，就能使我们朝着正确的方向前进，故答案为right。
57. without【解析】句意：成功不是没有风险的。
根据这一段的标题“Take Calculated (预料到的) Risks”以及下文“We all have to take risks in life”可知，我们要接受风险。因此这句话是表示“没有风险成功就不会到来”，这里考查without，是一个介词，意为“没有”，符合语境。故答案为without。
58. starting【解析】句意：例如，你正在做一份你讨厌的工作，你梦想着放弃它，开始自己的事业。
根据句意“you are working at a job that you hate, and you are dreaming of giving it up”，你讨厌你的工作，想要放弃它，根据常理，下面应该是开创自己的事业。start开始，是一个动词，符合语境。该空与前面的giving it up并列，也应用动名词形式。故答案为starting。
59. never【解析】句意：这是一个很大的风险，可能会让你永远不想再冒险。
根据上文“But one day, you can't stand your job any more, so you leave it even though you haven't really had a plan.”可知，在没有计划之前，就放弃了你的工作，这种冒险是不可取的，其结果是会让你永远不想再冒险。never“永远不，从不”，是否定副词，符合语境。故答案为never。
60. failed【解析】句意：然而，他失败了很多次。
这一段的标题是“Don't Be Afraid of Failure”“不要害怕失败”，文章以爱迪生为例，告诉我们即使伟大的人也经历了很多失败。根据句子结构可知，该空是句子的谓语动词，考查fail，且应用一般过去时态，这里填过去式。故答案为failed。
61. closer【解析】句意：但这些失败让他离成功又近了一步。
句子But表示转折，因此这里是想要告诉我们，失败并不是没有任何意义的，它是我们走向成功的里程碑。这里考查close to…“离……近”，且根据语境，失败的经历让我们离成功更近了，应用比较级形式。故答案为closer。
Passage 2（2020 •重庆市B卷）
根据下面短文内容, 在短文的空格处填上一个恰当的词, 使短文完整、通顺。
It's normal for the human mind to wander(走神). So many things may fill your mind and pull your thoughts in different directions. This isn't always ___54___. Sometimes a wandering mind can lead to a new creation. However, wandering thoughts can also stop you ___55___ getting things done, keep you up at night, or hurt your health. Don't worry. Try the following practice.
Doing Exercise and Activities
Slow down and let your mind focus(专注) on your breathing. By controlling your breathing, you bring your ___56___ to work together with your body. Once you lose interest in what you’re doing, you can take a break from it. Go for a walk, do some exercise, take a shower or even lie down and think about___57___. These activities help a lot.
Focusing on Tasks You're Doing
Do one task at a time, it won't slow you down. Instead, it keeps your mind focused and you’ll be able to get more done ___58___. While doing tasks, don't look around from time to time. If there's something keeping your mind wandering, allow yourself a specific(特定的）time to worry, think or plan. ___59___ the time is up, refocus on your next task.
Controlling Worrying Thoughts
Writing down or sharing your worries helps to get them out of your head. When there's a big task, it's understandable to put it off. But by ___60___ it bravely and trying to solve it, you can get away from your worrying thoughts. If it doesn't work after you've tried everything, ___61___that there are always things you can't change.
【文章大意】
本文主要讲的是有时候，走神可以带来新的创造；然而，走神也会妨碍你完成工作，让你夜不能寐，或者损害你的健康，并给出了改善走神的方法：做运动和活动；专注于你正在做的事情；控制焦虑的想法。
54. bad【解析】句意：这并不总是坏的。
分析句子，空出需要一个形容词作表语，根据“Sometimes a wandering mind can lead to a new creation.” （有时候，走神可以带来新的创造。）可知，走神并不总是坏事，bad坏的，故答案是bad。
55. from【解析】句意：然而，走神也会妨碍你完成工作，让你夜不能寐，或者损害你的健康。
stop sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事,固定短语，故答案是from。
56. mind【解析】句意：通过控制你的呼吸，让大脑与你的身体一起工作。
根据“Slow down and let your mind focus(专注) on your breathing.”（慢一点，让你的大脑集中到你的呼吸上）可知，这里指的是让大脑与身体一起运作，故答案是mind。
57. nothing【解析】句意：去散散步，做一些锻炼，洗个澡，甚至躺下来什么都不去想。
根据“Once you lose interest in what you’re doing, you can take a break from it.”（一旦你对你正在做的事情失去兴趣，你可以休息一下。）可知，这里指的是躺下来什么都不去想，nothing没有什么；无。故答案是nothing。
58. quickly【解析】句意：相反，它能让你集中注意力，你能快速地完成更多的事情。
分析句子可知，空处需要一个副词来修饰动词get，根据“Do one task at a lime, it won't slow you down.” （一次做一件事，它不会减慢你的速度。）可知，集中注意力可以使你快速完成事情，quickly快速地，故答案是quickly。
59. When【解析】句意：当时间到了，就重新集中注意力到下一个任务上。
根据上一句“If there's something keeping your mind wandering, allow yourself a specific(特定的）time to worry, think or plan.”（如果有什么让你心不在焉,允许自己在特定的时间内去担心，思考或计划。）可知，这里指的是当时间到了，when当……时，句首首字母大写，故答案是When。
60. facing【解析】句意：但通过勇敢地面对，并努力解决它，你就可以摆脱你的担忧。
根据“ trying to solve it, you can get away from your worrying thoughts”可推断，此处指的是勇敢面对，face面对，“and”连接的两个动词形式要一致，由trying可知，此处填facing，故答案是facing。
61. accept【解析】句意：如果你尝试了所有的方法还是不奏效，那么就接受那些你无法改变的事情。
根据句意结合常识可知，如果无法改变，那么就只能接受，所以应该是accept接受，这里是省略了主语you的祈使句，故用动词原形，故答案是accept。
2020年中考真题英语分项汇编
专题20 短文填空
考点3 自由填空
Passage 1（2020 •广东省）
五、短文填空
请用适当的词完成下面的短文，并把所缺单词填写在答题卡指定的位置上。每个空只能填写一个形式正确、意义相符的单词。
Jane is a warm-hearted girl. She is only ten years old, ____36____ she has big ideas of helping other kids.
Jane took part in a winter camp ____37____ the age of eight. During her stay in the camp, she went to visit some kids in poor areas. She felt sad that the kids there didn’t have new clothes to ____38____ and toys to play with. After she returned home, she kept thinking about ____39____ to do to help those kids.
One morning Jane saw some elder kids selling lemon juice by the street. They wanted to raise ____40____ to help their friends. Then she came up with an ____41____.
With the help of her mother, Jane ____42____ up her first lemonade stand (摊档). In a week, it made $52. Although it was only a ____43____ money, she helped 12 kids with it! She felt very excited when she saws smiles on ____44____ faces.
After that, her mother helped her start a program called Jane’s Lemonade for Love. Up till now, she has already raised ____45____ than $17,000! She is going to spend the money on clothes, toys and books for the poor kids.
文章大意：本文主要讲了一个热心的小女孩Jane在8岁时拜访一些贫困地区的孩子之后开始想办法帮助他们，她在妈妈的帮助下摆摊赚钱帮助贫困孩子，之后妈妈帮她开始了一个慈善项目，到目前为止，已经筹到多于一万七千美元，她打算用这些钱为贫困孩子们买衣服、玩具和书本。
36. but 【解析】句意：她只有十岁，但她有帮助其他孩子的伟大想法。
空前讲“她只有十岁”，空后讲“她有帮助其他孩子的伟大想法”，前后句意出现转折，用but表转折。故答案为but。
37. at 【解析】句意：简八岁时参加了一个冬令营。根据空后“the age of eight”可知此处用at the age of ... 表示“在……岁时”，是固定搭配。故答案为at。
38. wear【解析】句意：孩子们没有新衣服穿，没有玩具玩，她感到很伤心。分析句子结构可知此处用动词不定式作后置定语，结合空前“new clothes to ____”可推出是要穿的新衣服，用动词wear表示“穿”，与前面的to构成不定式。故答案为wear。
39. what【解析】句意：回家后，她一直在想该做些什么来帮助那些孩子。根据句意“她一直在想该做____来帮助那些孩子”可推出此处用what表示“什么”，此处是说该做些什么，what作do的宾语。故答案为what。
40. money【解析】句意：他们想筹集资金来帮助他们的朋友。结合题干中“raise ____ to help their friends”可推出此处用raise money表示“筹钱”，是固定搭配。故答案为money。
41. idea【解析】句意：然后她想出了一个主意。上文讲到她在想该做什么来帮助那些孩子，结合空前“came up with”可推出是想出一个主意，再由不定冠词an可知要填一个以元音音素开头的名词单数，由此可推出要用idea表示“主意”。故答案为idea。
42. set【解析】句意：在妈妈的帮助下，简摆起了自己的第一个柠檬水摊。根据题干中“her first lemonade stand”可推出此处是说建路边摊，结合空后“up”可知要用set up表示“建立”。故答案为set。
43. little【解析】句意：虽然只是一点钱，她却用这笔钱帮助了12个孩子！
根据题干中“ Although it was only a ____ money”可知句子是让步关系，由此可推出只是一点钱却帮了12个孩子，money是不可数名词，此处用a little表示“一点”。故答案为little。
44. their【解析】句意：当她看到他们脸上的笑容时，她感到非常兴奋。
根据上文“she helped 12 kids with it”可知此处是说孩子们脸上的笑容，用their表示“他们的”。故答案为their。
45. more【解析】句意：到目前为止，她已经筹集了超过17000美元！
根据题干中"has already raised”可知此处强调筹钱之多，结合空后“than”可推出要用more than表示“多于”。故答案为more。
Passage 2（2020 •吉林省）
(b) 根据短文内容，补全下面的语段，每空一词。
New Greeting Ways
The novel coronavirus has made a big difference ___61___ our lives. In many countries, it has also changed the ___62___ people greet each other. To help stop the spread of coronavirus, people give up their usual greeting styles and invent safe ways. Let's ___63___ at them.
In France and Italy, people learn to use their ___64___ to greet people instead of kissing or hugging. In Iran, people try to shake ___65___ rather than shake hands. An official from the WHO gives us three suggestions: waving hands, Thai "wai" and bumping elbows.
What do you think of these new greetings?
本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了在新冠病毒影响下，各个国家发明了新的、更为安全的问候方式。
61. to【解析】句意：新型冠状病毒给我们的生活产生了巨大的影响。
根据语境可知，新冠病毒给我们的生活产生了巨大的影响， make a difference to对……有影响，固定短语。故答案为to。
62. way (s) /style (s) 【解析】句意：在许多国家，它也改变了人们互相问候的方式。
根据下文“To help stop the spread of coronavirus, people give up their usual greeting styles and invent safe ways”可知，新冠病毒的爆发改变了人们互相问候的方式。way、style均有“方式”的意思，均为可数名词，此处用其单复数形式均可。故答案为way (s) /style (s)。
63. look【解析】句意：让我们看看它们。根据下文列举的“In France and Italy…”人们之间问候的方式可知，此处应为“让我们看看这些问候的方式”。look看，动词，其中let sb do sth让某人做某事，故此处应用其原形。故答案为look。
64. eyes【解析】句意：在法国和意大利，人们学会用眼睛问候别人，而不是亲吻或拥抱。
根据文章内容可知，在法国和意大利，人们学会了用眼睛来问候他人。句中空前their为形容词性物主代词，其后应接名词。eye眼睛，可数名词，此处应用其复数形式。故答案为eyes。
65. feet【解析】句意：在伊朗，人们试图摇脚而不是握手。
根据文章内容可知，伊朗人现在尝试着摇脚，而不是握手。foot脚，此处应用其复数形式。故答案为feet。Passage 3（2020 •吉林省）
某校计划举行一次文艺表演活动，负责人Sandy向全校同学发出邀请。请根据下面的海报，帮助Jack和Alice补全其回复的内容，每空一词。
Students Wanted for School Show
Time: From 3 p.m. to 5 p.m.
Friday, August 28th
Place: In the school music hall
Email: Sandy0717@qq. com
Come and show us!
Dear Sandy,
I am happy to get the information about the school show on ___71___, August 28th. I want to ___72___ in it. I'm good at singing and I can play the guitar, ___73___. Could I get a chance please?
Looking forward to your reply!
Jack
Dear Sandy,
I'd like to take part in the school show in the music ___74___. I'm in the school band. I can play the drums. And I can also dance. I really hope to ___75___ myself. Can I be a member?
Please reply to me soon.
Alice
【答案】71. Friday 72. join /be 73. too 74. hall
75. show /enjoy /challenge /improve /relax
这是一则学校的海报，介绍了学校演出活动的时间、地点、联系方式并号召大家参加。杰克和爱丽丝想要参加演出，写信给桑迪介绍自己的才能 。
71. Friday【解析】句意：很高兴得知学校演出将在8月28日周五举行。
根据“Friday, August 28th”可知举办的时间是周五，此处填Friday。故答案为Friday。
72. join /be【解析】句意：我想要参加。
表示“想要做某事”用动词短语want to do，此处表示“加入”用join in或者be in。故答案为join/be。
73. too【解析】句意：我擅长唱歌，而且我也会玩吉他。
此处是肯定句，放在句末表示“也”用副词too。故答案为too。
74. hall【解析】句意：我想要参加在音乐厅举行的学校演出。
根据“Place: In the school music hall”可知地点状语是在音乐厅，此处用名词hall。故答案为hall。
75. show /enjoy /challenge /improve /relax
【解析】句意：我真的很希望展示我自己/玩得开心/挑战自己/提升自己/放松自己。
表示“希望做某事”用动词短语hope to do，此处填动词原形。根据“school show”及“I'm in the school band. I can play the drums. And I can also dance”可知此处可以用动词show表示“展示自己的才能”；或者enjoy oneself表示“玩得开心”；或者challenge表示“挑战自己” ；或者improve表示“提升自己”；或者relax表示“让自己放松”。故答案为show/enjoy/challenge/ improve/relax。
Passage 4（2020 •河南省）
One day, I was reading my favorite magazine. My little girl 46． playing around me, which made my reading impossible. To get some peace, I tried a trick 47． keep her busy for a little while. I took a page out from my magazine with a printed map on it. I cut the map into pieces and handed them over to her, asking her to put those pieces together and make 48． complete map again.
But within several minutes, she was standing49． front of me with a perfect map in her little hands. Surprised, I asked her how she did it so quickly and easily.
She smiled and said." Oh, Dad,50． is a man's face on the other side of the map. I just tried to make his face completely."
Then she turned and ran outside to play, leaving me eyes wide and mouth open.
Word Bank
trick 把戏
文章讲述了作者一天在看杂志，孩子在旁边玩，作者为了让孩子能安静一会儿，把杂志上的一页地图取下来弄碎让孩子再拼回去，而不一会儿小女孩就拼好了，作者感到很惊讶，原来地图的背面是一张人脸，女孩只是拼好了人脸，所以地图也拼好了。
46．was【解析】句意：我在看我最喜欢的杂志，我的小女儿在我身边玩耍。根据句意理解及前句中的I was reading my favorite magazine可知，这里表达的是“我正在……”，前面用的是过去进行时，所以这里也用过去进行时，空格后面是ing形式，且句子主语是单数名词，所以这里应该用was，47．to
故答案为was。
47．to【解析】句意：我耍了个花招让她忙一会儿。根据句意理解可知，这里表达的是“为了……”，英语中用不定式来表示目的状语，所以空格应该用to，故答案为to。
48．a【解析】句意：我把地图弄成碎片，交给她，让她把这些碎片拼在一起，再做成一张完整的地图。
根据句意理解可知，这里表达的是“一张完整的地图”，空格表达的是“一个”，英语是不定冠词a/ an，而空格后面的词是complete，是一个辅音音标开头的单词，所以这里应该用a，故答案为a。
49．in【解析】句意：但几分钟后，她就站在我面前，小手拿着一张完美的地图。根据句意理解可知，这里表达的是“在前面”，英语是in front of，表示在外部的前面，所以空格缺的是in，故答案为in。
50．there【解析】句意：哦，爸爸，地图的另一边有一张男人的脸。根据句意理解可知，这里表达的是“有……”，英语中表达“某地有某物”要用there be句型，所以这里应该用there，故答案为there。
Passage 5（2020 •湖南省岳阳市）
E）阅读填空 根据短文内容，在文中空格处填上一个恰当的词，使短文完整、通顺。
Road-side business has become a hot topic recently. Premier （总理）Li Keqiang once said that road-side business can reflect common people’s life lively.
Last weekend, 5 college students decided to taste the trade pattern and difficulties of life outside school ___41___ selling vegetables on the side of the road together.
In the morning, they had to ___42___ up at 3 o’clock. First, they went to the farm near the city to buy different ___43___ of vegetables. To reduce （减少） the cost, they learn to bargain （讲价） with the farmers. Then they went back to the city as soon as ___44___ to take up a street stall（摊位）.At about 6：30 a.m. after putting vegetables in order and nicer ones on top, they began to_____45_____ vegetables. They peddled （吆喝）loudly and actively to attract customers. When the vegetables were not sold out, they gave them ____46____ to homeless people. Two days ____47____ , they earned （挣得） about 300 yuan.
After this unusual experience, they shared their feelings with each _____48_____ . “We were tired, ____49____ we gained a lot. Compared with hanging out, such social practice makes us learn _____50_____ difficult it is to make money.” said Wang Wen, who came up with this idea.
最近，路边生意成为了一个热门话题。文章中五个大学生决定体验一下这种地摊生意模式，他们一起去路边摆摊卖菜。通过这个不寻常的经历，他们懂得了生活的不易。
41. by【解析】句意：上周末，5名大学生决定一起在路边卖菜，体验一下这种生意模式和生活的艰辛。
空后selling是动名词形式，结合句意可知，这5名大学生决定通过卖菜这种方式来体验路边生意。by是介词，意为“通过……方式”，符合语意，后面跟名词或动名词形式。故答案为by。
42. get【解析】句意：早上，他们必须在3点钟起床。根据句中提到的时间at 3 o’clock以及空后的up可知，这里考查的是get up这一短语，意为“起床”。空前had to意为“不得不，必须”，后面跟动词原形。故答案为get。
43. kinds【解析】句意：首先，他们去城市附近的农场买各种蔬菜。根据常识可知，一个摊位上总是卖很多种蔬菜，因此这里考查的是kind，意为“种类”。空前有different修饰，表示“不同的”，这里应用名词的复数形式。故答案为kinds。
44. possible【解析】句意：然后他们尽快回到城里，占领一个摊位。根据句意和句子结构可知，这里考查的是短语as…as possible，意为“尽可能……”，故答案为possible。
45. sell【解析】句意：大约在早上6点半，他们把蔬菜摆放整齐，把更好的放在上面，然后开始卖蔬菜。
根据上文“Last weekend, 5 college students decided to taste the trade pattern and difficulties of life outside school ___1___ selling vegetables on the side of the road together.”可知，这些大学生是在路边卖菜，因此摆放好了之后就开始卖菜了。这里考查sell，是一个动词，意为“卖”。句中使用了句型begin to do sth.“开始做某事”，因此这里用动词的原形。故答案为sell。
46. away【解析】句意：当蔬菜没有卖完的时候，他们就把它们都送给无家可归的人。give away捐赠，赠送。根据homeless people可知，这5名大学生非常有爱心，把卖不了的蔬菜捐赠给那些无家可归的人，故答案为away。
47. later【解析】句意：两天后，他们挣了大约300元。空前Two days是一段时间，结合句意可知，这里表示“两天后”，考查later，是一个副词，常放在一段时间的后面。故答案为later。
48. other【解析】句意：在这段不寻常的经历之后，他们彼此分享了自己的感受。根据句意和空前的each可知，这里考查each other，意为“互相，彼此”，符合语境。故答案为other。
49. but【解析】句意：“我们很累，但我们收获很多。”根据句意可知，空前的tired与空后gained a lot是转折的关系，因此这里考查的是but，是一个连词，意为“但是”，表示转折。故答案为but。
50. how【解析】句意：与闲逛相比，这样的社会实践让我们了解到赚钱是多么的困难。根据句中子结构可知，该空引导了一个宾语从句，作空前learn的宾语；空后difficult是形容词，因此应用how修饰，意为“多么”。故答案为how。
【2019年】
2019年中考真题英语分项汇编
专题19 短文填空
考点3自由填空
Passage 1（2019 •广东省）
请用适当的词完成下面的短文,并把所缺单词填写在答题卡指定的位置上。每个空只能填写一个形式正确、意义相符的单词。
Last winter holiday,I visited a village with only 11 houses. __71__ the village was very small, I spent a whole day in it.
The village became popular because __72__ Grandpa Huang's hard work. He bought a house there over 30 years __73__, but in 2010 the village was to be pulled down. In order to save the old village, Grandpa Huang painted on the walls of __74__ own house and other houses. He painted things that he liked. In the village, there were many paintings of __75 __, such as cats and birds. The most popular paintings for visitors were of famous people. One of them was a picture of Andy. He and my __76__ singer. I liked him so much that I asked a visitor to __77__ a photo of that painting and me. On the ground of the village, Grandpa Huang has painted __78__ lot of well-known Chinese sayings. From them, Grandpa Huang learned to live a long and happy __79__.
I really had a good time in the village __80__ wished to visit it again.
【答案与解析】
71．Although/Though 此句的前后内容之间存在让步关系，故用表示让步关系的although和though。此句意为“虽然这个村子很小，但我在里面度过了一天的时光。”
72. of 短语because of意为“因为，由于”，后接名词（短语）、代词或动名词等。Grandpa Huang's hard work是名词短语。
73. ago 结合语境可推知，此处指在30多年前，黄爷爷在那里买了一所房子。ago意为“以前，以往”，与一般过去时连用。
74. his 结合空格后的“own house and other houses”可推知，此处指黄爷爷他自己的房子，故用his。
75. animals 结合空格后的“such as cats and birds”，此处指很多动物的画。
76. favo(u)rite 结合下一句“I liked him so much that I asked a visitor to... a photo of that painting and me.”可推知，Andy是“我”最喜爱的歌手。
77. take 短语take a photo of...意为“给……拍照片”。此处指给“我”和那幅画拍一张照片。
78. a 短语a lot of意为“很多”。
79. life 结合上一句可推知，黄爷爷从这些中国谚语中学习去过长寿且幸福的生活。live a long and happy life意为“过着长寿且幸福的生活”。
80. and and在此处表示并列，连接两个并列的谓语动词。
Passage 2（2019 •重庆市A卷）
I recently turned 30. Thinking back what I’ve experienced, I took some time to write myself some advice.
Trust
Even if it kills your relationship. Even if you lose your friends. Even if it means you end up getting hurt. __74__ people even if they give you a reason not to.
But don’t be too naive(幼稚). Some people are out to hurt you.
People
People are the best and __75__ thing that will happen to you. Some will help you go further and faster. Others will pull you down to their level and make you lose.
Most are OK. Many are average. Some are excellent. You don’t need a lot of people or friends around you. You need amazing people who help you just __76__ you help them. Only a few people will change your life forever. Find __77__.
Value time
Don’t waste time on people who cheat you.
Value other people’s __78__. Don’t be late. That means that if you’re late, you don’t care about them or their time. And that also means you think you’re worth more and therefore(因此) keep them __79__. Some people will tell you that it’s OK to be late. It’s not.
Fail
Fail. Fail a lot. Fail often. Fail in making friends. Fail in work. __80__ please don’t lose your heart! Learn a lesson.
If you don’t learn something when you fail, then all you’ve done is failed. If you learn something, then you’ve grown. Every time you grow and fail and learn, you become better at finding out the way to __81__.
【答案与解析】
74. Trust 结合本段的小标题“Trust”和内容尤其是空格后表示让步关系的even if可推知，此处指即使人们给你理由让你不去信任他们，你也要去信任他们。
75. worst 结合本段的后两句可推知，（遇见）不同的人会对你不同的影响，一些人会帮你走得更好或更快，一些人会拉低你的层次并让你遭受损失，故此处指（遇见不同的）人是将会发生在你身上最好和最坏的事情。
76. as/like 结合空格前后内容可推知，此处指你需要了不起的人，他们帮助你就像你帮助他们一样。连词as/like在此意为“如同；像……一样”。
77. them 此处用them指代上文提到的那些将会永远改变你的生活的极少数的人。
78. time 结合本段的小标题“Value time”和空格后面的两句话可推知，此处指要珍惜他人的时间。
79. waiting 结合上下文内容可推知，此处指迟到意味着你认为你值得更多并且因此让他们等你，故此处填waiting。
80. But 空格前后的内容之间存在转折关系，故用but。此处指尽管在失败多次，经常失败，在交友和工作中遇到失败，但请不要失去你的信心。
81. success/succeed 结合上文可推知，此处指如果你能从失败中学习并成长，那么你就更善于寻找到成功的道路。the way to success/succeed意为“成功之道”。
2019年中考真题英语分项汇编
专题19 短文填空
考点3自由填空
Passage 1（2019 •重庆市B卷）
根据下面短文内容，在短文的空格处填上一个恰当的词，使短文完整、通顺。
You’ve been here in China for a few days, and you may notice that Chinese people can sometimes be very direct. But don’t be fooled into thinking you can___54___anything you like to them. Here are a few things foreigners____55____China should never say.
Have you been on vacation? You look so tanned (晒黑的)!
While many people in the West grow up with the idea that dark skin is a sign of beauty, this is not true in China. That explains___56___umbrellas are just as common on sunny days as they are on rainy days here.
I really love China, but…
Don’t finish that___57___. No place can be perfect. It’s fine if you say something impolite about your___58___country, but don’t do it about someone else’s. This doesn’t just happen in China, but it’s fair to say the Chinese people show more love to their country.
I think Chinese food is the best food in the world.
What’s that? As everyone in China should already know this, saying that you love Chinese food is like saying that sugar is___59___or ice is cold. It’s won’t hurt anybody, but they may think you know___60___about their food culture. Since there are many different kinds of Chinese food, it sounds better to talk about the local food that you like most.
Keep them in mind and___61___your stay in China!
【答案与解析】
【文章大意】短文介绍了外国游客在中国不应该说的一些话。例如：“你度假了吗？你看起来很黑！”、“我真的很喜欢中国，但是…”、“我认为中国食物是世界上最好的食物。”同时文章也暗示我们，每个国家都有自己国家的习俗，一定要入乡随俗。
54. say 句意：但不要愚昧地认为你对他们想说什么就说什么。根据后面的句子“Here are a few things foreigners____54____China should never say.”可知，短文介绍了外国人在中国最忌讳说的一些话，不是想说什么就说什么，情态动词say后跟动词原形，故答案为say。
55. in 句意：这里有一些外国人在中国不应该说的话。in China在中国，故答案为in。
56. why 句意：这就解释了为什么雨伞在晴天和雨天一样常见。explain“解释”，中国人不喜欢皮肤黑，在晴天也打着雨伞，这也是雨伞在晴天和雨天一样常见的原因，故答案为why。
57. sentence(complaint) 句意：不要说出那样的话（抱怨）。that是指前面的“I really love China, but…”，是一句抱怨的话，故答案为sentence(complaint)。
58. own 句意：如果你对自己的国家说些不礼貌的话没关系。在形容词性物主代词所修饰的名词前面加上own，表示“某人自己的”，故可以添加own。
59. sweet 句意：说你喜欢中国菜，就像说出糖很甜或冰很冷一样。根据“ice is cold”判断，此处是让你说出事物的属性特征，糖给我们的印象肯定会是甜的，故答案为sweet。
60. nothing/little 句意：但他们可能会认为你对他们的饮食文化一无所知。根据前面的句意“说你喜欢中国菜，就像说出糖很甜或冰很冷一样”理解可知，好像说出这样的话跟没说一样，会让中国人认为自己对他们的饮食文化一无所知。故答案为nothing/little。
61. enjoy 句意：要记住它们，祝你在中国过得愉快！并列连词and前后连接的是两个祈使句，需要填写动词原形，短文是写给外国游客的，最后要献上祝福的话：祝您在中国过得愉快！enjoy“享受……的乐趣，过得快活”。
Passage 2（2019 •湖南省岳阳市）
根据短文内容，在文中空格处填上一个恰当的词，使短文完整、通顺。
Music is good for us． According to the new study（研究）from the World Health Organization（WHO）， music can（1） us happier and healthier． For example， when I feel tired， listening to some classical music helps me relax． When I'm down， I prefer pop music（2） of hope and energy （能量）．（3） is easy for me to fall asleep with soft music． Some doctors have found a fact — people （4） love music may live longer．
Near my neighborhood， a man and （5） wife own a small music house with mood music（情调音乐）． Teenagers like to spend time here while musicians are（6） different kinds of music． Sometimes， we are lucky to hear some famous singers sing songs written（7） themselves． The songs are （8） beautiful that we sing along with them． We communicate with one another in this special language． The most moving music is Chinese folk music． It（9） only reminds us of the old days but also brings us sweet memories．
Every one of us， rich or poor， young or old， may have at（10） one favorite song． Music will be together with us forever．
【答案与解析】
（1）make 考查动词。根据意思：音乐可以使我们更快乐、更健康。make +adj．can后面加动词原形，故填make。
（2）full 考查形容词。根据意思：当我情绪低落时，我喜欢充满希望和能量的流行音乐。充满full of，故填full。
（3）It 考查代词。根据意思：我很容易在轻柔的音乐中入睡．it is +adj．+for sb to do 对某人来说干某事是……的，故填It．。
（4）who 考查疑问代词。根据意思：一些医生发现了一个事实——热爱音乐的人可能活得更长。定语从句，先行词是人，故用who。
（5）his 考查代词。根据意思：在我家附近，一个男人和他的妻子拥有一个有情调音乐的小音乐屋。他的妻子，故用his。
（6）playing 考查动词。根据意思：音乐家则在这里演奏不同种类的音乐。现在进行时态，be doing，故填playing。
（7）by 考查介词。根据意思：有时，我们很幸运地听到一些著名的歌手唱自己写的歌。某人自己by oneself，故填by。
（8）so．考查形容词。根据意思：这些歌是如此美，我们与他们一起唱．so... that 如此……以至于……，故填so。
（9）not 考查副词。根据意思：它不仅让我们想起过去的日子，而且带给我们美好的回忆。not only...but also 不但……而且……，故填not。
（10）least 考查形容词。根据意思：我们每个人，无论贫富，无论老少，都可能至少有一首最喜欢的歌。至少at least，故填least。
2019年中考真题英语分项汇编
专题19 短文填空
考点3自由填空
Passage 1（2019 •岳阳市）
根据短文内容，在文中空格处填上一个恰当的词，使短文完整、通顺。
Music is good for us. According to the new study (研究) from the World Health Organization (WHO), music can ___41___ us happier and healthier. For example, when I feel tired, listening to some classical music helps me relax. When I’m down, I prefer pop music ___42___ of hope and energy (能量). ___43___ is easy for me to fall asleep with soft music. Some doctors have found a fact—people ___44___ love music may live longer.
Near my neighborhood, a man and ___45___ wife own a small music house with mood music (情调音乐). Teenagers like to spend time here while musicians are ___46___ different kinds of music. Sometimes, we are lucky to hear some famous singers sing songs written ___47___ themselves. The songs are ___48___ beautiful that we sing along with them. We communicate with one another in this special language. The most moving music is Chinese folk music. It ___49___ only reminds us of the old days but also brings us sweet memories.
Every one of us, rich or poor, young or old, may have at ____50____ one favorite song. Music will be together with us forever.
【答案与解析】很多人都喜欢音乐，有一项研究也表明，音乐可以使人们更快乐、更健康。音乐的类型有很多，不同的人喜欢的类型也是不一样的。短文中作者给我们介绍了他不同时刻喜欢的不同音乐，还提到了他家附近的一个音乐馆。
41. make 句意：根据世界卫生组织的一项新研究，音乐能使我们更快乐、更健康。根据句意和空后us happier and healthier可知，这里应表示“使…怎么样”，应用使用动词make，空前有情态动词can，故这里填动词原形make。
42. full 句意：当我情绪低落的时候，我喜欢充满希望和能量的流行音乐。根据句意和空后的of可知，这里考查短语full of…充满…。故这里填full。
43. It 句意：对于我来说听轻音乐很容易就能睡着。这句话使用的句型是It is+形容词+for sb. to do sth.“对于某人来说做某事是…的”，其中It是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式。故这里应填It。
44. who 句意：一些医生发现了一个事实—喜爱音乐的人可能更长寿。根据句子结构可知，…love music是一个定语从句，修饰名词people，指人，故应填关系代词who，在从句中作主语。
45. his 句意：在我住的附近，一个男人和他的妻子拥有一个小的音乐屋，里面有情调音乐。根据句意可知，这个空指代那个男人的妻子，故应填形容词性物主代词his，意为“他的”。
46. singing 句意：青少年们喜欢来这里消磨时间，同时音乐家唱着各种各样的音乐。根据句意musicians are… different kinds of music可知，这里应表示“演唱…”，while引导的时间状语从句中使用的是现在进行时，故这里填现在分词singing。
47. by 句意：有时候我们会非常幸运听到一些著名的歌手演唱他们自己写的歌。根据句意songs written“被写的歌”，这里应填介词by，表示“被…”。
48. so 句意：这些歌曲如此优美以至于我们都会跟着一起唱。根据句意和句子结构可知，这句话中使用的是句型so…that…如此…以至于…，引导结果状语从句，故这里填so。
49. not 句意：它不仅使我们想起了过去的好时光，而且给我们带来了甜美的回忆。根据句意可知，这句话中使用了连词短语not only…but also，意为“不但…而且…”，因此这里应填not。
50. least 句意：我们每一个人，不管富有还是贫穷，年轻还是年老，可能都至少有一首最喜欢的歌。根据句意可知，这里考查的是短语at least，意为“至少”，故这里应填least。
【点睛】
这篇短文的话题是音乐，是一个学生们都非常熟悉的话题，因此文意比较容易理解。题型是根据文意在空格上填写适当的单词，题目中没有给出关于单词的任何提示，学生们只能通过上下文的意思进行猜测，还需要注意单词的适当形式。做题时，应先通读短文，将空格隔过去，了解文章的大概意思；然后再确切理解每句话想要表达的内容，填写适当的单词。句子的结构、固定短语等，也是解题的关键。例如第3小题，这句话使用的句型是It is+形容词+for sb. to do sth.“对于某人来说做某事是…的”，其中It是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式。故这里应填It。再如第9小题，而且给我们带来了甜美的回忆。根据句意可知，这句话中使用了连词短语not only…but also，意为“不但…而且…”，因此这里应填not。
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