(新高考)高考英语一轮复习教案必修一 Unit 4 Natural disasters Language points(含答案)

Unit 4　Natural disasters Language points

Ⅰ.重点单词

根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词

1．disaster n．灾难；灾害

2．slide vi.&vt.(使)滑行；滑动

3．flood n．洪水；大量vi.淹没；大量涌入vt.使灌满水；淹没

4．rescue n．&vt.营救；救援

5．damage vt.损害；破坏n.损坏；损失

6．destroy vt.摧毁；毁灭

7．affect vt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动

8．shelter n．避难处；居所；庇护vt.保护；掩蔽vi.躲避(风雨或危险)

9．ruin n．&vt.破坏；毁坏

10．electricity n．电；电能

11．trap vt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套n.险境；陷阱

12．bury vt.埋葬；安葬

13．effort n．努力；艰难的尝试；尽力

14．wisdom n．智慧；才智

Ⅱ.拓展词汇

根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词

1．survive vi.生存；存活 vt.幸存；艰难度过→survivor n．幸存者；生还者→survival n．幸存

2．death n．死；死亡→dead adj.无生命的

3．shock n．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克vt.(使)震惊→shocking adj.令人震惊的→shocked adj.感到震惊的

4．breathe vi.&vt.呼吸→breath n．呼吸

5．revive vt.&vi.复活；(使)苏醒→revival n．振兴；复苏

6．unify vi.&vt.统一；(使)成一体→unite vi.&vt.团结

7．suffer vt.遭受；蒙受vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦→suffering n．折磨；苦难

Ⅲ.补全短语

根据提示补全下列短语

1．as if　　　　　　　 似乎；好像；仿佛

2．in ruins    严重受损；破败不堪

3．in shock    震惊；吃惊

4．set up    建立

5．as usual   像往常一样

6．come to an_end    结束

7．the number of...   ……的数量

8．dig out    挖掘

9．a home to...   ……的家园

10．go through    经历

rescue n．&vt.援救；营救

(教材P48)What are the rescue workers and soldiers doing in the flood­hit area?

救援人员和士兵在洪水灾区做什么？

①The police came to his rescue and sent him home.

警察救了他，并把他送回了家。

②Tom rescued a boy from the river on his way home.

汤姆在回家的路上从河里救了一个男孩。

③A large number of soldiers were sent there to rescue(rescue) those trapped in the building.

大批士兵被派往那里营救被困在大楼里的人。

[语境助记]　

As soon as the accident happened，the rescue team came to the victims' rescue，and they didn't give up any hope of rescuing them from danger.

事故一发生，救援队就来营救受害者了，并且他们没有放弃使他们脱离危险的任何希望。

damage  vt.损害；破坏

n．损坏；损失

(教材P48)Which buildings were damaged in Seoul?

首尔哪些建筑被毁？

①Eating too much meat one time will cause damage to your stomach.

一次吃太多的肉会对你的胃造成损害。

②As we all know，smoking can do/cause damage to our  health. (damage n．)

＝It is well known that smoking can damage our health.(damage vt.)

众所周知，抽烟会损害我们的健康。

survive vi.生存；存活vt.幸存；艰难度过

(经典佳句)Unluckily，no one survived the terrible accident.

不幸的是， 没有人从这个可怕的事故中幸存。

①Of the six people injured in the terrible accident，only two survived.

在这次可怕的事故受伤的六人中，只有两人活了下来。

②Some strange customs have survived from earlier times.

有些奇怪的风俗是从早年流传下来的。

③The old lady has survived all her sisters and brothers by ten years.

那位老太太比她所有的兄弟姐妹都多活了10年。

[语境助记]　

He was the only survivor in that bad accident，and after the survival，he has been living a happy and healthy life.

在那次严事故中，他是唯一的幸存者，幸存下来后，他一直过着幸福健康的生活。

affect  vt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动

　写出下列各句中affect的含义

①As far as I'm concerned，following others' advice without thinking will affect our own decision.影响

②Most people present at the meeting were deeply affected by his speech.深深打动

③The disease is beginning to affect his eyesight.(疾病)侵袭

④As far as I'm concerned，staying up late every day is certain to have a serious effect on your health.

就我而言，每天熬夜一定会严重影响你的健康。

ruin n．废墟；毁灭

vt.毁灭；使破产

(教材P50)In less than one minute，a large city lay in ruins.

不到一分钟，一座大城市就成了废墟。

①That mistake ruined his chance of getting the job.

那个错误使他失去了得到那份工作的机会。

②The ancient temple has fallen into ruins and needs repairing.

这座古老的庙宇已经破败不堪，需要修理。

③Drunk­driving not only ruined himself(he) but also killed several passers­by.

醉驾不仅毁掉了他自己还导致几位路人死亡。

shock  n．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克

vt.(使)震惊

(教材P50)People were in shock－and then，later that afternoon，another big quake shook Tangshan again.

人们都很震惊——然后，那天下午晚些时候，唐山又发生了一次大地震。

①It was quite a shock to see my face on that screen!

从那个屏幕上看到我的脸，真让人惊愕不已！

②Rescue workers were shocked (shock) by what they saw.

救援人员被眼前的景象惊呆了。

③The news shocked (shock)the public，leading to great concern about students' safety at school.

这个消息使公众震惊，导致了对在校学生安全的担心。

[语境助记]　

The shocking news shocked all the people around，which was also a great shock  to people all over the country.

这个让人震惊的消息震惊了周围的人们，也震惊了全国各地的人们。

trap  vt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套

n．险境；陷阱

(教材P50)Soon after the quakes，the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.

地震发生后不久，部队派出了15万名战士奔赴唐山，将受困群众从废墟中挖出，并掩埋死者。

①If you choose this way，you're likely to fall into a trap.

如果你选择这条路，你很有可能会落入圈套。

②There was a power failure；they were  trapped(trap) in the lift.

停电了，他们被困在电梯里。

③By clever questioning they trapped him into telling the truth.

他们用巧妙的提问诱使他说了实话。

bury vt.埋藏；掩埋；隐藏

(经典例句)Ever since he moved there，he has been buried in his research work.

自从搬到那里以后，他一直专注于研究工作。

①She buried her face in her hands  and wept when she heard the bad news.

当她听到那个坏消息时，她掩面而泣。

②In the past three weeks，we have been burying ourselves (us) in study because the exam is drawing near.

在过去的三个星期里， 我们专心致志的学习， 因为考试即将到来。

③Buried(bury) in his study，he didn't know that all the others had left.

＝Burying(bury) himself in his study，he didn't know that all the others had left.

＝Because he was  buried(bury) in his study，he didn't know that all the others had left.

他埋头学习，不知道其他人都早已离开了。

[图形助记]　

一词多义的“bury”

　　              　bury 掩埋　　bury oneself in study 专心学习

effort n．努力；艰难的尝试；尽力

(教材P50)With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts  of the city's people，a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins.

在政府的大力支持和人民的不懈努力下，一座崭新的唐山在地震废墟上建成了。

①I do believe that all your efforts will pay off sooner or later.

我的确相信你的努力迟早会有所回报。

②As far as I'm concerned，you should make a greater effort to study(study) hard.

依我看来， 你应该更加努力学习。

③If I am lucky enough to be given such a good chance，I will spare no effort to finish the task.

如果我足够幸运给予这样一个好机会，我将不遗余力地完成这项任务。

suffer vt.遭受；蒙受

vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦

(教材P51)What kind of help do you think people who have suffered an earthquake need?

你认为地震灾民需要什么样的帮助？

①As far as I know，he has ever suffered from a serious illness.

据我所知，他曾患有严重的疾病。

②He suffered great pains as a result of the accident.

由于那次事故，他遭受了很大痛苦。

③Even if he suffered from a lot of difficulties，he never gave in.尽管饱受许多困难之苦，但他从不屈服。

④Death finally brought an end to her suffering (suffer)．

死亡最终结束了她的痛苦(遭受)。

[语境助记]　

We all want to do something to help those sufferers out of their sufferings.

我们都想做些事去帮助那些受苦者摆脱痛苦。

(教材P50)Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat，and dogs refused to go inside buildings.

鸡和猪都紧张得吃不下东西，狗也不愿意进圈舍里去。

【要点提炼】　too＋adj.＋to...“太……不……”

①I was too young to understand the meaning of the film.

＝I was so young that I can't understand the meaning of the film.

我太年幼， 不理解这部电影的含义。

②The problem is too difficult for me to settle.

＝The problem is so difficult that I can't settle it.

这个问题太难了， 我解决不了。

(教材P50)It seemed as_if the world were coming to an end！仿佛世界末日即将来临！

【要点提炼】　It seemed (to sb.) that / as if...“(对某人来说)似乎……”

①Look at the clouds in the sky！It looks as if it is going to rain.Let's hurry up.

看看天上的乌云！看起来要下雨，咱们快一点。

②He talks to them as if they were (be) children.

他同他们说话，就当他们是孩子一样。(与现在事实相反)

③He talks about Rome as if he had  been(be) there before.

他说起罗马来好像他以前去过那里似的。(与过去事实相反)

④He opened his mouth as if he would  say(say) something.

他张开嘴好像要说什么。(与将来事实相反)

(教材P50)Thousands of children were left without parents.

成千上万的家庭被毁灭，许许多多的孩子变成了孤儿。

【要点提炼】　句中的“...were left without parents”是一个被动结构，其主动形式应为left many children without parents。

①She ran away and left her boyfriend in the rain alone.

她跑开了，留下她的男友一个人在雨中。

②You shouldn't have left water running (run)．

你不该让水一直流淌着。

③Did you leave the doors and windows properly closed (close)?

你把门窗关好了吗？

1．Eleven kilometres directly below the city，one of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20th century had begun，a quake that even caused damage more than 150 kilometres away in Beijing.

【分析】　 本句主句为：one of the most deadly earthquakes of  the 20th  century had begun，that even caused damage more than 150 kilometres away in Beijing为定语从句修饰先行词a quake，a quake 与one of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20th century是同位语。

【翻译】　在城市正下方11公里处，20世纪最致命的地震之一已经发生，这场地震甚至对150多公里外的北京造成了破坏。

2．Soon after the quakes，the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.

【分析】　本句主句为：the army sent 150,000 soldiers to  Tangshan; to dig out... and to bury the dead为动词不定式作目的状语；who were trapped 为定语从句修饰先行词those。

【翻译】　地震发生后不久，部队派出了15万名战士奔赴唐山，将受困群众从废墟中挖出，并掩埋死者。

Ⅰ.单词拼写

1．A great deal of money has been collected to help those suffering from the floods(洪水)．

2．Too much drinking will do damage_(伤害) to your health; you should take the doctor's advice.

3．After they survived (幸存)that night，they did believe that everything would be all right.

4．Workers built shelters (避难所)for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.

5．After the electricity (电) was cut off，the lights went out.

6．After learning that the boys had been lost for almost 20 hours，the police sent out a rescue (营救) team to look for them.

7．He suffered (遭受) from poor eyesight and could no longer read properly.

8．Yesterday，I climbed the mountain top to breathe(呼吸)the fresh air.

9．I admire your courage and wisdom(智慧)．

10．In ancient times，people believed that they could be brought back to life after death (死亡)．

Ⅱ.单句语法填空

1．This is one of the worst natural disasters (disaster) ever to hit the area.

2．The old man went through a lot of sufferings(suffer) in the old days.

3．A rescue worker rescued two tourists who had been trapped (trap)in the mountains for two days.

4．The number of students learning English is (be) larger than ever before.

5．As far as I'm concerned，staying up late every day is certain  to affect (affect) your health.

6．The earthquake was so big that most of the houses in the small village were completely destroyed (destroy)．

7．The firefighters came here right away to rescue (rescue) those trapped in the burning building.

8．Two days later，the fighting between the two countries left the area in ruins (ruin)．

9．All the listeners were greatly shocked (shock) when they heard the terrible news on radio.

10．Buried (bury) under the ruins，the little girl was rather frightened.

Ⅲ.完成句子

1．It seems as if(看起来似乎) our team is going to win the match.

2．With so much work to do(有那么多的作业要做)，I can't go out to see a film with you.

3．The city which was known for its wonderful view lay in ruins (成为废墟)after the terrible earthquake.

4．As far as I know，he is hard to get along with(很难相处)．

5．In times of disaster，we should stay positive and rebuild for a brighter future(保持积极的心态，重建美好的未来)．