(新高考)高考英语一轮复习教案选择性必修二 Unit 1 Science and Scientists(含答案)

UNIT 1 Science and Scientists三言两语1. Thomas Edison lived from 1847 to 1931 and he is famous for inventing the light bulb.2. Stephen Hawking was famed for his work with black holes and relativity，and wrote several popular science books including A Brief History of Time.3. Beethoven began learning the violin and piano when he was only 5, and by the time he was 8 he was giving public concerts.1. 从这个故事中，我懂得了我们应该相信自己，对未来充满信心。From the story, I have learned that we should believe_in_ourselves and be_confident_in our future.2. 他的人格魅力在于一个简单的事实：对帮助别人他从不犹豫。His charming personality lies in a simple fact that_he_never_hesitates_ to_help_others.核心单词[默写识记]根据汉语释义写出单词　1. subscribe vi.  认购(股份)；定期订购；定期交纳(会费)2. suspect vt.  & vi.  怀疑；疑有；不信任n. 犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象3. blame vt. 把……归咎于；责怪；指责 n.  责备；指责4. handle  n.  把手；拉手；柄  vt.  处理；搬动；操纵(车辆、动物、工具等)5. link n.  联系；纽带 vt.  把……连接起来；相关联6. decrease n.  减少；降低；减少量 vt.  & vi. (使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低7. transform  vt.  使改观；使改变形态 vi. 改变；转变8. proof_n. 证据；证明；检验9. concrete n. 混凝土 adj. 混凝土制的；确实的；具体的10. outstanding adj. 优秀的；杰出的；明显的11. steady adj. 稳定的；平稳的；稳步的12. besides prep. 除……之外(还)  adv. 而且；此外13. furthermore adv. 此外；再者14. fault n. 弱点；过错15. shift n. 改变；转换；轮班 vi. & vt. 转移；挪动；转向16. vivid adj. 生动的；鲜明的；丰富的[语境运用]用所给词的适当形式填空　1. It has been announced that two guys are_suspected (suspect) to be involved in the theft.2. As a matter of fact, the driver was not to_blame (blame) for the accident which happened yesterday.3. Misunderstandings may lead to serious problems unless they are__handled (handle) properly.4. These children have health problems linked (link) to a poor diet and a lack of exercise.5. It was said that the number of new students decreased (decrease) from 210 to 160 this year.6. (2020·天津卷)They have_transformed (transform) themselves into places where you can develop your love of knowledge, meet interesting people, or find out how to start a business.续表拓展单词[词汇变形]根据汉语释义写出单词及其变化形式　1. severe adj.  极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的→severely adv. 严重地；严厉地2. frustrated adj.  懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的→frustrate vt.  使懊恼；使沮丧；挫败；阻挠→frustrating adj.  令人懊恼的；令人沮丧的→frustration n.  懊恼；沮丧；失意；挫败3.  finding n. 发现；调查结果；(法律)判决→find v. 查找；找到；发现；判决4. initial adj. 最初的；开始的；第一的→initially adv. 最初；首先；开头5. thinking n. 思想；思维；见解→think v. 想；认为6.  mechanical adj.  机械的；发动机的；机器的→ mechanic n.  机械师；机械修理工→mechanically adv.  机械地；不加思考地； 物理上地7. defend vt.  保卫；防守；辩解→defense n.  防御；保卫；防护；辩护→defender n.  捍卫者；保护者；防守队员；后卫 →defensive adj.  防御的；防御用的；防御性的8. assistant n.  助理；助手→assistance n.  协助；援助→assist vi.  & vt.  帮助；援助9. gifted adj.  有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的→gift n.  礼物；天赋10. brilliant adj.  聪颖的；绝妙的；明亮的→brilliantly adv.  明亮地；光辉灿烂地；极好地→brilliance n.  光辉，灿烂；才智，才华11. contradictory adj. 相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的→contradict v. 反驳；驳斥；与……抵触；与……矛盾→contradiction n. 矛盾；不一致；反驳；驳斥→contrary adj. 相反的；相对立的 n. 相反的事实(或事情)12. infection n. 感染；传染→infect vt. 使感染；传染→infective adj. 会传染的；传染性的→infectious adj. (疾病)传染性的；有感染力的→infected adj. (身体部位或伤口)受感染的；(食品、水等)受细菌污染的；(电脑)受病毒感染的[语境运用]用所给词的适当形式填空　1. Their daughter had a gift for language while their son is a gifted pianist. (gift)2. Rose's father is a skilled mechanic so she has become an expert in mechanical problems about mechanically powered vehicles. (mechanic)3. In the time of war, lots of money will be spent on defence and many measures will be taken to defend a country from being attacked. (defend)4. As an assistant,he assisted the professor with the experiment. And his assistance made the experiment easier to do. (assistant)5. The famous West Lake is like a brilliant pearl embedded in the beautiful and fertile shores of the East China Sea and shocks tourists worldwide with its brilliance. (brilliant) 阅读单词【教师用书独具】1. germ n. 微生物；细菌；病菌　　　　　　　　　　2. multiple adj. 数量多的；多种多样的3. pump n. 泵；抽水机；打气筒  4. household n. 一家人；家庭；同一所(套)房子的人5. intervention n. 介入；出面；干涉  6. raw adj. 未煮的；生的；未经处理的；原始的7. pure adj. 干净的；纯的；纯粹的  8. substantial adj. 大量的；价值巨大的；重大的9. statistic n. [pl.] 统计数字；统计资料；统计学  10. protein n. 蛋白质11. cell n. 细胞；小房间；单间牢房  12. virus n. 病毒13. framework n. 框架；结构  14. solid adj. 可靠的；固体的；坚实的 n. 固体15. cast vt. 投射；向……投以(视线、笑容等)；投掷  16. shadow n. 阴影；影子；背光处17. rainbow n. 彩虹  18. pour vt. 倒出；倾泻；斟(饮料)19. missile n. 导弹  20. leadership n. 领导；领导地位；领导才能21. abstract adj. 抽象的；理性的 n. (文献等的)摘要  22. concept n. 概念；观念23. astronomer n. 天文学家  24. astronomy n. 天文学25. telescope n. 望远镜  26. microscope n. 显微镜熟词生义1. (2020·天津卷)“Small does not mean weak, sir，” she defended herself.辩解2. She always seems to be cast in the same sort of role. 分派(角色)高频短语短语应用1. in_general 总的来说；通常2. attend_to 照顾；处理；专心于3. thanks_to幸亏；由于4. break_out(战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发5. in_charge_of主管；掌管6. once_and_for_all最终地；彻底地7. subscribe_to 同意；赞同8. come_down患(病)；染上(小病)9. above_all最重要的是；尤其是 [语境运用1]填入一个适当的词　1. I have never subscribed to the view that schooldays are the happiest days of your life.2. Although the city preserves a good look in general, some of its heritage was destroyed  in World War Ⅱ.3. A teacher, above all,should know what to do with the problems appearing in class correctly.4. An educator who is in charge of England's exams said a review of the primary school courses would be a chance to decide if it should be taught to younger pupils. 5. With high­speed trains, people will set up factories and business centres in the west once and for all. [语境运用2] 填入一个适当的词　A big fire broke 1. out in Tony's house, which injured him badly. In order to help him recover soon, a kind nurse attended 2. to him carefully. Thanks 3. to her generous help, Tony came back to life soon.教材原句背诵句式仿写应用1. It seemed that ...It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.这个男孩好像对机器人大赛非常感兴趣。It_seemed_that the boy was so interested in taking part in the robot competition.2. have sth. doneAccordingly, he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used.我要去修一下我的电脑，因为它出故障了。I'll have_my_computer_repaired because there is something wrong with it.3. sb./sth. be likely to do sth.The people who drank this water were much more likely to get cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water.年轻劳动力的极度缺乏很可能会在中国发生。A great decline in young work force is_likely_to_occur in China.1. suspect vt. & vi 怀疑；疑有；不信任；n. 犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象(1)suspect sb. of (doing) sth. 怀疑某人(做过)某事suspect sb./sth. to be/as ... 怀疑某人/某物是……(2)suspicion n. 怀疑；疑心under suspicion被怀疑(3)suspicious adj. 怀疑的；可疑的be suspicious of/about sth. 对某事怀疑[词块]suspect him of having taken the money怀疑钱是他偷的suspect him to be/as a thief怀疑他是一个小偷单句语法填空①Any man who has witnessed the attack is under suspicion.②Some of his colleagues at work became suspicious (suspect) of his behaviour.完成句子老板怀疑他从公司拿走了电脑。③The boss suspected_him_of_taking the computer away from the company.2. blame vt. 把……归咎于；责怪；指责 n.  责备；指责(1)blame ... for ... 因……而责备……blame sth. on sb. 把某事归咎于某人身上be to blame (for ...) (因……)应承担责任； (因……)该受责备(2)take the blame for .../be responsible for ...对……负责put the blame (for ...) on ... (把……)归咎于…… (3)blameless adj. 无罪的；清白的be to blame for sth.意为“应为某事负责或受指责”，其中不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。[词块]bear the blame承担责任blame the accident on dangerous driving把事故原因归咎于危险驾驶单句语法填空①Once you form the habit of blaming somebody or something else for a bad situation, you are a loser.②(全国卷Ⅲ)Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning, and put the blame on the alarm clock.③It was the professor rather than his assistant that was to_blame (blame) for what had happened in the lab.句式升级(普通表达)Alice was in low spirits because she was blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network.④(高级表达)Blamed_for_the_breakdown_of_the_school_computer_network, Alice was in low spirits.(分词短语作状语)3. transform vt. 使改观；使改变形态 vi. 改变；转变(1)transform ... into ... 把……改变成……transform from ... to/into ... 从……转变为……(2)transformation n. 转化； 改变 [词块]transform a desert into a garden把沙漠变为花园an event that would transform my life会彻底改变我一生的一件事单句语法填空①(2020·江苏卷)The health security systems of many countries are undergoing considerable transformation (transform)．②Every moment of every day, energy is being transformed (transform) from one form into another.③I was a student and had my life totally transformed (transform) by that experience.词汇升级/句式升级 (普通表达)I'm fully aware that the experience from my life abroad has totally changed me.④(高级表达)I'm fully aware that it's_the_experience_from_my_life_abroad_ that_has_totally_transformed_me.(强调句型)4. defend vt.  保卫；防守；辩解(1)defend sb./sth. from/against ...保护某人/某物免遭……；保卫某人/某物免遭……(2)defence n. 防御；保卫；防御物in defence of保卫……；为……辩护(3)defender n. 捍卫者；保护者；防守队员；后卫(4)defensive adj. 防御的；防御用的；防御性的与defend ... from/against用法类似的短语有prevent ... (from), stop ... (from), keep ... from, protect ... from/against, discourage ... from 等。若用于被动语态，from不可省略。[词块]defend their views为他们自己的观点辩护defend themselves from/against attacks保护他们自己免受袭击单句语法填空①(2020·浙江卷)Terrified, Elli and I tried all the bear defense (defend) actions we knew.②Many trees were planted there  to defend the earth from being_washed (wash) away.一句多译有些人认为应该训练学生保护自己以免遭某些攻击。③Some think that students should be trained to_defend_themselves_against some attacks.(defend)④Some think that students should be trained in_defence_of some attacks. (defence)5. above all最重要的是；尤其是after all毕竟；终究all in all  整体说来；总而言之in all  全部；合计at all (否定句)一点儿也不；(疑问句)到底；究竟first of all  首先单句语法填空①Above all, I'm good at English and Chinese, which will play an important role in communicating with foreigners.②After all, you would want this school to choose you over another excellent Chinese student.③(2019·江苏卷) All in all, I prefer to wear the traditional Chinese dress when greeting the exchange students.翻译句子(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)总之，我真诚地邀请你到我们学校来亲自看看。④All_in_all,_I_sincerely_invite_you_to_come_to_our_school_and_see_for_yourself.6. sb./sth. be likely to do sth.(教材原文)The people who drank this water were much more likely to get cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water. 喝这种水的人比喝纯净水或白开水的人更容易感染霍乱。(1)Sb./Sth. be likely to do sth.＝It's likely that sb./sth. ... 某人/某物做某事是可能的。(2)not likely绝不可能，绝对不会(3)unlikely adj. 不可能的[金句]If you can find suitable learning methods, your learning efficiency is likely to improve. 如果你能找到合适的学习方法，学习效率就很可能会提高。单句语法填空①(2019·全国卷Ⅰ) Hospital patients who see tree branches out their window are likely to_recover(recover) at a faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead.②If one is late for a job interview, it is not likely that he will get the job.③Someone who lacks persistence is unlikely (likely) to make a good researcher.一句多译白天这个时候他不可能来，因为他太忙了。④He_is_not_likely_to_come at this time of day because he is too busy. (likely)⑤It_is_not_likely_that_he_will_come at this time of day because he is too busy.(it is likely that)⑥It_is_not_possible_for_him_to_come at this time of day because he is too busy. (it is possible for sb. to do)⑦It_is_not_possible_that_he_will_come at this time of day because he is too busy.(it is possible that)⑧It_is_not_probable_that_he_will_come at this time of day because he is too busy.(probable) 用所给词的正确形式填空1. Suspecting (suspect) the traveller of carrying drugs, the customs official stopped him and let him open his suitcase, but found nothing at all.2. The police had figured out the cause of the traffic accident and it was the driver of the lorry that should be to_blame_(blame) for it.3. As nobody here knows what is wrong with the machine, we must send for an engineer to_handle(handle) the problem.4. With these years' development, it's believed that China will be_transformed (transform) into an advanced industrial country.5. The trees planted at the end of the 1990s have become a powerful defence (defend) against the strong wind. 在空白处填入一个适当的词1. Much to our surprise the man who had been in charge of the big company was accused of taking drugs.2. He is such a man who is always finding fault with other people.3. Thanks to the high­speed trains, we can go around all over the country more conveniently.4. If you want to make progress in your studies, above all,you must be strict with yourself.5. A big fire broke out in the hotel yesterday evening, which caused a lot of damage. 查缺补漏1. Due to the strict traffic regulations on drunk driving (醉酒驾驶), the number of accidents has_decreased (decrease) recently.2. I have a problem at work and I don't know how to_handle (handle) it.3. A physician should be consulted if there is evidence of infection (infect)．4. The young man considers himself as a gifted (gift) writer but hasn't had any famous novels published so far.5. Statistics(statistic) show that 50% of new businesses fail in their first year because they lack enough experience.【教师用书独具】 单元话题语篇练(2020·河北承德模拟)A robot named Teotronico, designed by Matteo Suzzi from Italy, is really good at 1. playing (play) the piano — but that could be, 2. because he has 19 fingers. He can also sing and accompany 3. himself (him) on the drum and judge his musical ability. Teotronico is the only robot in the world 4. that is able to do all these things at the same time. He also has video cameras 5. fixed (fix) in his eyes which allow him to “see” and interact 6. with those around him.34­year­old Matteo said 7. having (have) 19 fingers makes the robot 8. faster (fast) than human performers and enables him to cover any composition or song. His left hand covers the lower notes, while the right hand covers the melodic line and he has 9. an/one extra finger on the left hand. Teotronico cost over $3,000 and took over four years to create.“He 10. has_performed (perform) at many private parties and is a hit with the guests. We are hoping he can revolutionise the music industry，” said Matteo. 单元话题写作练1. 补全要点句(黑体部分请使用本单元所学词汇)①袁隆平是一位杰出的中国农业专家。Yuan Longping is an outstanding Chinese agricultural expert. ②当他还是个孩子的时候，他就天资聪慧，能很好地掌握所有老师教他的知识。When he was a child, he was gifted in absorbing all the knowledge well that the teachers could teach him. ③毕业后，袁博士彻底地投身于农业研究。After graduation, Dr Yuan devoted himself to the agricultural study once_and_for_all. ④他怀疑传统的种植方法，决心改变人们对水稻收成的观念。He suspected the traditional planting methods and was determined to transform people's concept of rice harvest. ⑤在研究过程中，袁博士遇到了各种各样的问题。In the process of his study, Dr Yuan was faced with multiple problems. ⑥袁博士经常整天暴露在雨和阳光下。Dr Yuan often exposed_himself_to the rain and sunlight all day. ⑦最后他提出了许多绝妙的研究结论。At last he put forward many brilliant_findings. ⑧由于他对农业的巨大贡献，袁博士将永远被称为“杂交水稻之父”。Thanks_to his great contribution to agriculture, Dr Yuan will always be remembered as  “Father of Hybrid Rice”．2. 升级平淡句利用非谓语动词作状语升级1中句④Suspecting the traditional planting methods, Dr Yuan was determined to transform people's concept of rice harvest.3. 衔接成文Yuan Longping is an outstanding Chinese agricultural expert. When he was a child, he was gifted in absorbing all the knowledge well that the teachers could teach him. After graduation, Dr Yuan devoted himself to the agricultural study once and for all. Suspecting the traditional planting methods, Dr Yuan was determined to transform people's concept of rice harvest. In the process of his study, he was faced with multiple problems. Besides, he often exposed himself to the rain and sunlight all day. At last he put forward many brilliant findings. Thanks to his great contribution to agriculture, Dr Yuan will always be remembered as “Father of Hybrid Rice”．