(新高考)高考英语二轮复习课时精炼考向13 状语从句(2份打包，解析版+原卷版)

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考向13 状语从句
考向一 时间状语从句
when/while/as引导的时间状语从句
一、when引导的时间状语从句
1. when引导的时间状语从句，其动词既可以是延续性动作的动词，也可以是瞬间性动作的动词，而且可以表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时发生，或者从句的动作发生在主句的动作之前。
When you apply for a job, you must present your credentials. 当你申请工作时，你必须递交你的有关证件。（同时）
When the students heard the teacher’s footsteps, they all atopped talking. 当学生们听到老师的脚步声时，他们都停止了讲话。（从句动作发生在前）
2. when还可表示just then（正在那时，突然）的意思，此时其所引导的从句只放在主句之后。
be about to do ... when ... 正要去做某事，突然……
be doing ... when ... 正在做某事，突然……
be on the point of doing ... when ... 正在做某事，突然……
We were about to start when it began to rain. 我们正要动身，突然天下起雨来。
The game had hardly/scarcely/barely begun when it started raining. 比赛刚刚开始就下起雨来。
二、while引导的时间状语从句
while表示＂在某一段时间里＂或＂在……期间＂，其所引导的从句的动作是延续性的，并侧重表示和主句的动作同时发生。
When the teacher paraphrased the text in English, the students listened attentively and took notes. 当老师用英语解释课文时，学生们聚精会神地听并做着笔记。
I can learn while I work. 我可以边工作边学习。
三、as引导的时间状语从句
as引导的时间状语从句其动词的动作是延续性的，而且侧重表示主句和从句的动作交替或同时发生，译为＂一边……，一边……＂或＂随着……＂。
We were having breakfast as she was combing her hair. 她梳头时我们在吃早饭。
It will warm up a little bit on Sunday as the cold front passes. 寒流一过，星期日就会有点暖意了。
【典例分析】
1.（2016· 全国新课标卷III·语法填空）Over time, 45 the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.
【参考答案】as/when
【答案解析】考查时间状语从句。句意：随着人口的增长，人们开始把食物切成小块，这样可以煮得快一点，这里是时间状语从句，when意为＂当……的时候＂，后跟长动作或短动作，故填as／when。
2. It’s much easier to make friends ________ you have similar interests.
A. unless B. when C. even though D. so that
【参考答案】B　
【答案解析】考查状语从句。由句意＂当你们兴趣相投时，交朋友就容易多了＂可知，这里应该用when引导时间状语从句。
before引导的时间状语从句
一、before的常见意思
1. before＂在……之前＂。
I have finished my dissertation before my supervisor went abroad. 在我的导师出国之前，我已完成了我的学位论文。
I’ll be back before you have left. 你离开之前我就会回来。
2. before＂……之后才＂。
It may be many years before we meet again. 可能要过许多年我们才能再见了。
It was three days before he came back. 他三天后才回来。
3. before ＂尚未来得及 ＂
Before she could move, she heard a loud noise, which grew to a terrible roar. 她还没有来得及动弹，就听见有很响的声音，接着就成了可怕的隆隆轰鸣声。 
Before they reached the house, a new great wave came, sweeping down trees, and sweeping them down too. 他们还没到屋子，又一个巨浪打来，冲倒了树，也冲倒了他们。 
4. before ＂要……先……＂
You should be a pupil before you become a teacher. 要当老师，先作学生。 
5. before＂趁……＂
You should do it before it is too late. 趁现在还不算太晚，你应该赶快做它。
二、掌握热点句型用法
1. it was（not）/had done＋一段时间＋before（vt-ed）…＂还要过多久才……（不多久就……了）＂
It was not long before he returned to Beijing. 不久他就回到北京。 
It was long before he married Wei Fang. 过了很久他才娶魏芳。 
2.it will（not）be＋一段时间＋before（一般式）… ＂还要过多久才……（不多久就……了）＂
It will be long before he goes abroad. 要过很久他才出国。 
3.there is +一段时间+to go（=left）＋before（一般式）... ＂在……之前＂
4.long before ＂不久前＂, 用于一般过去时和完成时中；before long = soon/not long after ＂不久后＂，用于一般将来时和一般过去时中。
【典例分析】
1. We need to get to the root of the problem ______________ we can solve it.
A. while B. after
C. before D. as
【参考答案】C
【答案解析】考查时间状语从句的连接词。句意：在我们解决问题之前，我们需要找到问题的根源。A. while当……的时候，而；B. after在……之后；C. before 在……之前；D. as正如。根据句意可知选C。
2. It ________ long before we ________ the result of the experiment. 
A. will not be；will know  B. is；will know 
C. will not be；know  D. is；know 
【参考答案】C
【答案解析】句意：不会过很长一段时间我们就会知道实验结果。应使用It was not long before的创新句型It will not be long before，before引导时间状语从句时，从句应用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 
as soon as/once/directly/the instant等引导的时间状语从句
as soon as 是最常见的表示＂一……就……＂的从属连词，其他连词还有once（一旦），directly（老式英国英语），immediately（主要用于英国英语），instantly，the instant (that)，the minute(that) ，the moment(that)等，它们通常都可与as soon as换用。
As soon as we got home, the telephone rang. 我们一到家，电话就响了。
I recognized her immediately I saw her. 我一看见她就认出她来了。
Directly the teacher came in everyone was quiet. 老师一进来，大家就静了下来。
hardly...when/no sooner...than引导的时间状语从句
hardly/barely/scarcely...when和no sooner...than的意思是＂刚……就＂，它们所引导的从句中的谓语动词通常为过去完成时。
He had no sooner (no sooner had he) arrived home than he was asked to start on another journey. 他刚一到家，就又要他出另一次差。
★ hardly/barely/scarcely和no sooner置于句首时，从句要倒装。
No sooner had the words been spoken than he realized that he should have remained silent. 这些话刚一出口，他就意识到自己应该保持沉默。
since引导的时间状语从句
在含有since引导的时间状语从句的复合句中，从句的谓语动词通常为一般过去时，主句的谓语动词通常为现在完成时。
We’ve never met since we graduated from the college. 大学毕业后我们就再没见过面。
Great changes have taken place since you left. 你走了以后，这里发生了巨大的变化。
【典例分析】
1.（2017·天津卷·完形填空）She had been talking to her mother about the lives of homeless people 42 they first saw the homeless man.
A. since B. unless C. although D. as
【参考答案】A
【答案解析】考查连词。A. since自从；B. unless 除非；C. although尽管；D. as因为。句意：自从他们第一次看到无家可归的人，Hannah就一直在跟她的妈妈说流浪者的生活，根据句意可知选A。
2. I have heard a lot of good things about you I came back from abroad.
A. since B. until C. before D. when
【参考答案】A
【答案解析】考查状语从句。题干中主句谓语动词用现在完成时，从句中谓语动词用一般过去时，由题干意思可知所填词意思是：自从，因此用since引导时间状语从句。句意：自从我从国外回来后，我已经听说了很多关于你的好事。
till/until引导的时间状语从句
till和until同义，作＂直到……时(为止)＂解，till多用于非正式文体，until多用于句首。
Donald will remain in college until (till) he finishes his Ph.D course. 唐纳德将留在学校直到完成他的博士学位课程。
I won’t go with you until (till) I finished my homework. 等我做完作业我才和你一起去。
注意：
not until 置于句首，主句要倒装。
Not until 4:00 in the morning can he fall asleep.
直到凌晨4点他才睡着。(He can’t fall asleep until 4:00 in the morning.)
Not until he returned did we have supper.
直到他回来我们才吃晚饭。 (We didn’t have supper until he returned.)
【典例分析】
（2017·北京卷·单项填空）If you don’t understand something, you may research, study, and talk to other people _______ you figure it out.
A. because B. though C. until D. since
【参考答案】C
【答案解析】A. because 因为 B. though尽管 C. until 直到 D. since自从。句意：如果你无法理解某个东西，你可能会去研究，学习并和他人探讨直到你解决为止，根据句意可知选用until＂直到＂，选C。
each time/every time等引导的时间状语从句
这类连词主要有every time(每次)，each time(每次)，(the) next time(下次)，any time(随时)，(the) last time(上次)，the first time(第一次), by the time(当……的时候)。如：
You can call me any time you want to. 你随时都可以给我打电话。
Each time I went there, I saw him working. 我每次去那儿都看见他在工作。
Every time I see her I’ll think of it. 每次我看到她，我就想起这事。
Next time you come in, please close the door. 下次你进来，请关门。
He didn’t tell me the last time I saw him. 我上次见到他时他没告诉我。
The first time I heard about the firm closing down was when George told me.
我最初听到公司倒闭的消息是乔治告诉我的。
By the time, he was taken to the hospital he was nearly dead.
他被送到医院时已经几乎不行了。
注意：every time, each time, any time前不用冠词，(the) next time, (the) last time中的冠词可以省略，而the first time中的冠词通常不能省略。
考向二 让步状语从句
让步状语从句是状语从句中的一种。一般翻译为＂尽管……即使……＂就是我们日常生活中用的＂退一步说……＂的感觉。
引导让步状语从句的连词主要有以下这些：though, although, as; even if, even though; whether...or...; no matter+疑问词，疑问词-ever。下面对这些连词引导的让步状语从句作一说明。
1. although/though引导的让步状语从句
although和though，都作＂虽然；尽管＂解，通常可以换用，although的语气较重。如果要强调＂但是＂语气，可使用yet，still或nevertheless来表示＂但是＂、＂依然＂或＂然而＂之意。
Although they have been talking for a long time, he cannot make her believe him.
虽然和她谈了半天，他还是不能让她信任自己。
【典例分析】
We had to wait half an hour ________we had already booked a table.
　A. since B. although C. until D. before
【参考答案】B
【答案解析】句意：尽管我们已经预定了桌子，但还是等了半小时。分析句子结构可知，此处是让步状语从句，所给四个选项中只有although可以引导让步状语从句。故选B。
2. even if/even though引导的让步状语从句
（1）even if引导的让步状语从句
even if ＂即使，纵然＂，从句表示的是尚未发生的动作或存在的情况。
Even if it rains tomorrow, we won’t change our plan. 即使明天下雨，我们也决不改变计划。
Even if I failed again, I will not give up the experiment. 即使我再次失败，我也决不会放弃实验。
（2）even though引导的让步状语从句
even though＂虽然，尽管＂，从句所表示的是已经发生的动作或存在的情况，通常可以和although/though换用。
Even though I didn’t understand a word, I kept smiling. 即使我一个字也不懂，我还是保持微笑。
Even though you say so, I do not believe it. 即使你这样说，我也不信。
【典例分析】
（2016·北京卷· 单项填空）My grandfather still plays tennis now and then, _______________ he’s in his nineties.
A. as long as B. as if C. even though D. in case
【参考答案】C
【答案解析】考查状语从句。句意：即使九十多岁了，我的爷爷仍然时不时地打打网球。A. as long as只要，引导条件状语从句；B. as if似乎，引导方式状语从句或表语从句；C. even though即使，引导让步状语从句；D. in case以防，引导目的状语从句。这里是转折关系，故选C。
3. as引导的让步状语从句
as引导让步状语从句时，意为＂尽管，虽然＂，从句多位于主句之前，而且必须使用倒装语序。通常如果从句中有形容词或名词作表语，则把表语置于句首，而且名词前要省略冠词；如果从句中有修饰动词的副词，则将该副词置于句首；如果从句中有情态动词，则将情态动词后的动词原形置于句首。此用法与though的倒装完全一致。(although无此用法)
Much as I admire his courage, I don’t think he acted wisely. 我虽然佩服他的勇气，但我认为他这样做是不聪明的。
Strong as you maybe, you cannot lift it. 虽然你可能很有力气，你却无法把它提起来。
Child as he is, he is very brave. 尽管他还是个孩子，但是他很勇敢。
【典例分析】
1._________, his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting.
　A. Strange as might it sound B. As it might sound strange
　C. As strange it might sound D. Strange as it might sound
2._________, Carolina couldn’t get the door open.
　A. Try as she might B. As she might try
　C. She might as try D. Might she as try
【参考答案】1. D 2. A
【答案解析】分析句子结构可知，以上两题都是有as引导的让步状语从句，因此要要倒装语序。
4. while引导的让步状语从句
while＂虽然，尽管＂，多用于正式文体，且多位于句首，相当于although。
While I understand your point of view, I do not share it. 我虽了解你的观点，但不敢苟同。
While I sympathize, I really can’t do very much to help. 虽然我很同情，但我确实帮不了什么忙。
【典例分析】
（2016· 浙江卷· 单项填空）_____________ online shopping has changed our life, not all of its effects have been positive.
A. Since B. After C. While D. Unless
【参考答案】C
【答案解析】句意：尽管网上购物已经改变了我们的生活，但不是所有的影响都是积极的。while引导让步状语从句，意为＂尽管，虽然＂；since既然，自从；after在……之后；unless除非。故选C。
5. 疑问词-ever与no matter+疑问词引导的让步状语从句
（1）whatever/no matter what引导的让步状语从句
whatever和no matter what用法相同，都作＂无论什么＂解，后者多用于非正式文体。
Whatever/No matter what he says, don’t go. 不管他说什么，你都不要走。
We are determined to fulfill the task, whatever/no matter what happens. 不管发生什么，我们决心完成这项任务。
（2） whichever/no matter which引导的让步状语从句
whichever和no matter which用法相同，都作＂无论哪个＂解，后者多用于非正式文体。
Whichever/No matter which you buy, there is a six-month guarantee. 不论你买哪个，都有六个月的保修期。
Whichever/No matter which of the two men had stolen her purse, Barbara was determined to find them. 不管是这两个人中的谁偷了她的钱包，芭芭拉都决心找到他们。
（3）whoever/no matter who引导的让步状语从句
whoever和no matter who用法相同，都作＂无论谁＂解，后者多用于非正式文体。
You can’t come in, whoever you are. 不管你是谁，都不能进来。
Whoever/No matter who wants to speak to me on the phone, tell him I’m busy. 不管谁要我接电话，就说我现在正忙着呢。
（4） wherever/no matter where引导的让步状语从句
wherever和no matter where用法相同，都作＂无论在（或到）哪里＂解，后者多用于非正式文体。
Wherever/No matter where you go, I’m right here waiting for you. 无论你到哪里，我都依然在这里等着你。
（5）however/no matter how引导的让步状语从句
however和no matter how用法相同，都作＂无论如何……＂解，后者多用于非正式文体。
However much you regret doing that, there is nothing you can do about it now. 无论你可能多么懊悔你曾经做过的事，现在也无济于事了。
However high it may be, it can’t reach the sky. 它不论有多高，也高不到天上去。
（6） whenever/no matter when引导的让步状语从句
whenever和no matter when用法相同，都作＂无论何时＂解，后者多用于非正式文体。
Whenever I’m unhappy, he cheers me up. 不管什么时候我不高兴，他都给我鼓劲儿。
【典例分析】
1._________, I have to put it away and focus my attention on study this week.
　A. However the story is amusing B. No matter amusing the story is
　C. However amusing the story is D. No matter how the story is amusing
【参考答案】C
【答案解析】句意：无论故事多么有趣，这个星期我都得把它放起来而专注学习。分析句子结构及选项可知，此处应是however引导的让步状语从句。选项中no matter how所引导的状语从句语序不正确。故选C。
2. You should try to get a good night’s sleep ________ much work you have to do.
　A. however B. no matter C. although D. whatever
【参考答案】A
【答案解析】句意：无论有多么多的工作要做，你都应该晚上睡好。分析句子结构可知，＂________ much work you have to do＂是让步状语从句，此处表示＂多么＂，且修饰形容词much应用however。故选A。
6. (no matter) whether...or引导的让步状语从句
由这一个复合连词引导的让步状语从句旨在说明正反两个方面的可能性都不会影响主句的意向或结果。如：
You’ll have to attend the ceremony whether you’re free or busy. 不管你忙不忙，都要参加这个典礼。
Whether you believe it or not, it’s true.无论你是否相信，这都是真的。
【典例分析】
— Dad, I’ve finished my assignment.
— Good, and ___________ you play or watch TV, you mustn’t disturb me.
　A. whenever B. whether C. whatever D. no matter
【参考答案】B
【答案解析】句意：——爸爸，我的作业完成了。——好，无论你玩耍还是看电视，都不能打扰我。根据语境可知，此处是whether…or…引导的让步状语从句。故选B。
考向三 原因状语从句
原因状语从句是表示原因或理由的，引导这类从句的最常用的连词是because, since, as , now that（既然）等，for 表示因果关系时（它引导的不是从句）为并列连词，语气不如because强。
1. because引导的原因状语从句
because表示人们不知道的直接的原因或理由，着重点在从句，其所引导的从句，为全句句意的中心所在。通常用于回答why引出的疑问句，语气最强，除特别强调外，该从句一般位于主句后面。
I didn’t go abroad with her because I couldn’t afford it.
我没有和她一起出国是因为费用太高。
Don’t scamp your work because you are pressed for time.
不要因为时间仓促而马马虎虎。
【典例分析】
I wonder whether his hearing is okay ___________ he has turned the television up very loud.
A. unless B. although C. until D. because
【答案】 D
【解析】句意：我想知道他的听力是否还好，因为他把电视的声音开得很大。A. unless除非；B. although虽然；C. until直到；D. because因为。结合句意可知选D。
2. as引导的原因状语从句
as引导的原因状语从句所引出的理由在说话人开来已经很明显，或已为听话人所熟悉而不需要强调，从句多位于主句之前，通常可以和since换用，as语气稍弱。
As I didn’t know the way, I asked a policeman. 我不认识路，因而问警察。
As it is snowing, we shall not climb the mountain. 由于在下雪，我们不去爬山了。
1.___________ you weren’t there, I left a message.
A.As B.When C.Though D.For
【答案】A
【解析】句意：因为你不在那儿，所以我给你留言了。此处应用as引导原因状语从句，故选A。when引导时间状语从句；though引导让步状语从句；for用作并列连词表原因时不能位于句首。
2. When my father goes somewhere, he always goes along with my mother, _____________ he doesn’t like going alone.
A.though B.as C.while D.even if
【答案】B
【解析】句意：我爸爸去一些地方时总是和我妈妈一起，因为他不喜欢一个人去。此处用as引导原因状语从句。though＂尽管＂；while＂当……时＂；even if＂尽管＂。
3. since引导的原因状语从句
since表示人们已知的事实，不许强调的原因，故常译为＂既然……＂，通常位于主句前。since从句是次要的，重点强调主句的内容，相当于now that。
Since traveling by air is much faster, they decided to take a plane.
既然乘飞机旅行快得多，他们就决定坐飞机。
Since you won’t help me, I’ll ask someone else.你既然不帮我，那我就请别人帮忙。
【典例分析】
Mark needs to learn Chinese ________ his company is opening a branch in Beijing.
A. unless B. until C. although D. since
【答案】D　
【解析】考查状语从句的连接词。his company is opening a branch in Beijing是学习汉语的原因。unless除非；until直到……为止；although尽管；since由于，自从。在句中since是＂由于＂的意思。句意：马克需要学习汉语，因为他的公司要在北京开分公司。
4. now(that)引导的原因状语从句
now(that)＂因为；既然＂，通常可以和since换用。其中that可省去，用来表示一种新的情况，再加以推论。
Now(that) you’ve passed your test you can drive on your own. 你既已考试合格，就可以独自开车了。
I do remember, now (that) you mention it. 你这一提，我倒的确想起来了。
【典例分析】
________ the term has come to an end, I am going to take a trip for relaxation.
A. Now that      B. Even if C. As though     D. So that
【答案】A
【解析】句意：既然这个学期已经结束了，我打算去旅行放松一下。now that既然，引导原因状语从句，符合句意。
5. seeing (that)引导的原因状语从句
seeing (that)＂鉴于；由于＂，通常用于非正式文体。
Seeing (that) the weather is bad，we’ll stay at home.天气不好，我们还是呆在家里吧。
6. in that引导的原因状语从句
in that＂因为；基于……的理由＂，可以和because换用，多用于正式文体，它所引导的原因状语从句总是位于主句之后。
Advertisement is distinguished from other forms of communication in that the advertiser pays for the message to be delivered. 广告不同于其他交际形式，因为登广告的人要为其所提供的信息付费。
I’m in a slightly awkward position, in that he’s not arriving until 10th.
我的处境有点难堪，因为他要十号才来。
【典例分析】
The Chinese language ________ Western languages ________, instead of an alphabet, it uses characters which stand for ideas, objects or ideas.
A. differs from; in which   B. is different from; in that
C. differs from; in what     D. is different from; in where
【参考答案】B
【试题解析】考查动词短语和连词。表示＂与……不同＂可以用differ from…或be different from…；in that是固定连词，引导原因状语从句，表示＂由于，因为＂，故选B项。
考向四 地点状语从句
一、where引导的地点状语从句
1.从属连词where表示＂在（或到）……的地方＂。
Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者事竟成。
Put it where you found it. 把它放在原来的地方。
2. where 在地点状语从句中，除指地点外，还可指处境等。
He said he was happy where he was. 他说他对自己的处境很满意。
It’s your fault that she is where she is. 她今天落到这个地步都怪你。
3. 有时地点状语从句中的某些词可以省略。
Fill in the blanks with the given phrases. Change the form where necessary. 用所给的短语填空，必要的地方可以改变其形式。
Avoid structure of this kind where possible. 只要可能，就要避免这种结构。
【典例分析】
1. （天津市南开中学2019届高三年级模拟考试）How come? I can’t find my key. I just left it ________ it had been.
A. where B. which
C. when D. how
【答案】A
【详解】考查地点状语从句。句意：怎么可能?我找不到钥匙了。我刚把它放在原来的地方。结合句意可知此处是where引导的地点状语从句，故选A。
2. ________ he once felt like giving up, he now has the determination to push further and keep on going.
A. Where B. As C. In case D. Now that
【答案】A
【解析】句意：曾经让他感到想放弃的地方，现在他决心继续前进。A那里；B尽管，当，因为，随着；C以防；D既然。where表示地点，引导让步状语从句；as引导让步状语从句常用倒装，即tried as he has；in case表目的；now that表原因。这里指让他感到想放弃的地方，故选A。
二、wherever引导的地点状语从句
从属连词wherever意为＂在（或到）……的各个地方＂。
You can go wherever(anywhere) you like these days. 这些天你可以去你想去的地方。
Where (Everywhere) they went, the experts were warmly welcomed. 专家们每到一处，都受到热烈的欢迎。
【典例分析】
In the global economy, a new drug for cancer, ________ it is discovered, will create many economic possibilities around the world.
A. whatever B. whoever C. wherever D. whichever
【答案】C　
【解析】考查状语从句。句意：在全球经济中，一种治疗癌症的新药，不管在哪里被发现，都会在世界范围内创造很多的经济可能性。分析句子结构可知，空格后的主要成分完整，缺少的是状语，所以wherever意为＂无论哪里＂，符合题意。whatever意为＂无论什么＂；whoever意为＂无论谁＂；whichever意为＂无论哪个＂。
【巧学妙记】
状语从句口诀 §
时地原因条状补， §
目比结果方让步， §
连词引导各不同； §
主句通常前面走， §
连词引导紧随后， §
从句若在主前头，
主从之间有个逗。

考向五 目的状语从句
1. in order that引导的目的状语从句
in order that＂为了；以便＂。多用于正式文体，通常可以与so that换用。☆
They stopped at Hangzhou in order that they could go around West Lake. 他们在杭州停了下来，以便游览西湖。
The expert spoke slowly in order that everyone should understand. 专家讲得很慢，以便人人都能听得懂。
2. so (that)引导的目的状语从句
so that＂为了；以便＂。so that通常可以与in order that换用，它所引导的目的状语从句总是放在主句之后，在非正式文体中，常省略that。
Speak clearly so that they may understand you. 你要讲得清楚，他们才可能听得懂。
She wanted tea ready at seven so she could be out by eight. 她想让茶点在七点钟以前就备好，这样她八点就可以出门了。
3. in case/for fear (that)/lest等引导的目的状语从句
in case，for fear(that)和lest这三个从属连词都表示否定目的，意思是＂以免＂，＂以防＂。in case多用于英国英语，它所引导的从句中的谓语动词可以是陈述语气形式，也可以是虚拟语气形式；for fear(that)引导的从句中的谓语带有may，might，should等情态动词；lest用于正式文体，它所引导的从句中的谓语动词用虚拟语气形式。
Take your umbrella with you, lest it should rain.
=Take your umbrella in case it rains.
带上你的伞，以防下雨。
He took an umbrella with him for fear that it might rain. 他带了一把伞，以防下雨。
【典例分析】
1. （2018·天津卷·单项填空）Let’s not pick these peaches until this weekend ___________ they get sweet enough to be eaten.
A. ever since B. as if C. even though D. so that
【答案】D
【解析】考查连词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意：让我们这个周末再摘这些桃子，这样的话，它们吃起来就变得足够的甜。A. ever since自那时起；B. as if好像；C. even though尽管；D. so that以便。从句为目的状语从句，故用so that引导。故选D。
2.Cathy had quit her job when her son was born ___________ she could stay home and raise her family.
A. now that B. as if C. only if D. so that
【答案】D
【解析】考查连词。A. now that既然；B. as if好像；C. only if只要；D. so that以便。这里是so that引导的目的状语从句。句意：当Cathy的儿子出生的时候，她就放弃了自己的工作，以便待在家里照顾家人。根据句意故选D。
【名师点睛】本题考查连词so that 的用法，此类辨析题需掌握引导状语从句的连词的不同含义并结合语境，本题中的so that引导目的状语从句。意思是：以致，为了，以便于。这个词组还可以和in order that，in order to，so as to 进行替换。所以做好此类题要先分析前后两个句子的关系，了解具体语境中的连词的意思，从而判断出正确的选项，学生要记得积累每一题中所出现的连词的意思，不能只看其表面。注意有的连词的意思并不是表面上的那样，如果出现不熟悉的词语，应该采用排除法，而不是直接看表面意思来选答案。
3. I took my driving license with me on holiday, ___________ I wanted to hire a car.
A. in case B. even if C. ever since D. if only
【参考答案】A　
【答案解析】考查状语从句的连接词。带驾照的目的是便于租车，所以选A。in case以防、以免或以便于。even if即使，用于让步状语从句；ever since自从，一般引导时间状语从句；if only倘若，用于条件句，使用虚拟语气。
考向六 结果状语从句
1. so that引导的结果状语从句
（1）so that引导的结果状语从句只能位于主句之后，中间可以有逗号。
Suddenly it began to rain heavily, so that it was almost impossible to carry on driving. 突然下起了大雨，几乎无法继续开车。
Linda phoned me in on arrival so that I know she was safe and sound. 琳达到达后给我打了电话，因而我知道她平安无事。
（2）＂so that＂既可引导结果状语从句也可引导目的状语从句。究竟是引导的结果状语从句还是目的状语从句，除了根据句意来判断外，还可根据结构形式来加以判断。若从句前有逗号，一般为结果状语从句，如果从句中有情态动词，通常则为目的状语从句。
They started out early, so that they didn’t miss the train. 他们早早就出发了，所以没误火车。（结果状语从句）
They started out early so that they would not miss the train. 他们早早出发是为了不误火车。（目的状语从句）
2. so...that引导的结果状语从句
so...that＂如此……以致＂，that在非正式文体中可以省略，so后面接形容词或副词。
She spoke so fast that nobody could catch what she was saying. 她说话如此之快竟没有人听出来她在讲什么。
There is so little time left that I have to tell you about it later. 现在剩下的时间不多了，我只好以后再给你讲这件事。
3. such...that引导的结果状语从句
引导结果状语从句的such...that的具体内容是：such + a/an + 形容词+名词+that从句。其中的名词可以是可数名词的单数或复数，也可以是不可数名词。such + a/an + 形容词 + 单数名词 + that从句可换成so + 形容词 + a/an + 单数名词 + that从句。
The Japanese student made such rapid progress that he soon began to write articles in Chinese. 那个日本留学生进步很快，不久就开始用中文写文章了。
The professor told us such a funny story that all the students laughed.
＝The professor told us so funny a story that all the students laughed.
教授讲了个很有趣的故事，(以致于)所有的学生都笑了起来。
4. such that引导的结果状语从句
such that引导的结果状语从句多用于正式文体，主句为＂主—系—表＂句型。
The force of the explosion was such that it blew out all the windows. 爆炸的力量很大，所有的窗户都被炸掉了。
His anger was such that he lost control of himself. 他气得不能克制自己的感情。
【典例分析】
1. The film Pio 2 is _____________ interesting ____________ I would like to see it again.
A. such；that B. too；to C. as；as D. so；that
【答案】D
【解析】such修饰名词，而interesting是形容词，故予以排除；在too...to结构中，to是不定式符号，后面接动词原形；as...as结构表示同级比较，在此不符合句意；so...that意为＂如此……以至于＂，引导结果状语从句。根据句意可知选D。
2. Wang Yaping is such an excellent astronaut ____________ she has been assigned to perform our country’s second manual space docking.
A. as B. that C. which D. where
【答案】B
【解析】考查状语从句。句意：王亚平是如此优秀的宇航员以至于她被指派执行我们国家的第二次手控交会对接。such...that...＂如此……以至于＂，引导结果状语从句。
考向七 条件状语从句
1. if引导的条件状语从句
if可引导非真实条件状语从句(见＂虚拟语气＂)和真实条件状语从句。
If he said that, he can’t be telling the truth.
如果他说了那样的话，他不可能是说实话。
2. unless引导的条件状语从句
unless引导的是否定条件状语从句，在意义上相当于if...not，而且语气较强，一般不用于虚拟语气。
You’ll be late unless you hurry.
你会迟到的，如果不赶快的话。
【典例分析】
1. （2018·北京卷·单项填空） _________ we don’t stop climate change, many animals and plants in the world will be gone.
A. Although B. While C. If D. Until
【答案】C
【解析】考查状语从句。句意：如果我们不阻止气候变化，那么世界上的很多动植物将会消失。分析句意及句子结构可知，动植物不灭绝的前提条件是阻止气候变化。although尽管；while当……时候，尽管；if如果；until直到。根据句意可知选C。
2. ________ we have enough evidence, we can’t win the case.
A. Once B. As long as C. Unless D. Since
【答案】C　
【解析】考查连词。句意：如果我们没有足够的证据，我们就赢不了官司。后句说官司打不赢，用unless来表示相反的条件。
【名师点睛】条件状语从句就是在复合句中表示主句动作发生条件的状语从句。引导条件状语从句最经常用的连词是if，它的意思是＂如果＂； 也可以用unless引导：unless的意思是＂如果不＂＂除非＂，相当于if not。
3. only if引导的条件状语从句
only if在引导条件状语从句时意为＂只有……(才)；只有在……的时候，唯一的条件是……＂。
I’ll let you use the car only if you keep it in good condition.
只要你把车保养好，我就让你用。
4. as/so long as引导的条件状语从句
as/so long as意为＂只要；如果＂。
As long as it doesn’t rain, we can play.
只要不下雨我们就能玩。
【典例分析】
You won’t find paper cutting difficult ________ you keep practicing it.
A. even if B. as long as C. as if D. ever since
【答案】B
【解析】句意：只要你不断练习，你不会觉得剪纸很难。A. even though即使，虽然;B. as long as只要；C. as if犹如，好像；D. ever since自从。结合句意，此处用as long as引导条件状语从句。故选B。
5. provided (that)/providing (that)引导的条件状语从句
provided (that)/providing (that)意为＂假如；如果＂。
I will agree to go provided / providing (that) my expense is paid.
假如为我负担费用，我就同意去。
Providing you promise not to tell anyone else I’ll explain the secret.
假如你承诺不告诉别人，我就告诉你这个秘密。
6. on condition that（条件是）和suppose / supposing (that)（假设；如果）也可引导条件状语从句
I can tell you the truth on condition that you promise to keep it a secret.
我可以告诉你真相，条件是你答应保守秘密。
Suppose/ Supposing (that) they refuse us, who else can we turn to for help?
注意：
在条件状语从句中，通常要用一般现在时表示将来意义，而不能直接使用将来时态。不过，有时表示条件的 if之后可能用 will，但那不是将来时态, 而是表示意愿或委婉的请求(will为情态动词)。
If you will sit down for a few moments, I’ll tell the manager you’re here. 请稍坐片刻，我这就通知经理说您来了。
考向八 方式状语从句
表示行为方式的状语从句常由as（依照……，像……一样），as if（正如……，似乎……），as though（似乎……，好像……），（just）as... so...（正如……）引导，多置于主句之后。
1. as，(just) as... so...引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后，但在(just) as...so...结构中位于句首，这时as从句带有比喻的含义，意思是＂正如……＂，＂就像＂，多用于正式文体。
Always do to the others as you would be done by.
你希望人家怎样待你，你就要怎样待别人。
As water is to fish, so air is to man.
我们离不开空气，犹如鱼儿离不开水。
Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds.
正如打扫房屋一样，我们也要扫除我们头脑中落后的东西。
2. as if，as though两者的意义和用法相同，引导的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反，有时也用陈述语气，表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。汉译常作＂仿佛……似的＂，＂好像……似的＂。
They completely ignore these facts as if (as though) they never existed.
他们完全忽略了这些事实，就仿佛它们不存在似的。（与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。）
He looks as if (as though) he had been hit by lighting.
他那样子就像被雷击了似的。（与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。）
It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.
看来天气很快就会好起来。（实现的可能性较大，谓语用陈述语气。）
【名师点睛】
as if / as though也可以引导一个分词短语、不定式短语或无动词短语。
He stared at me as if seeing me for first time. 他目不转睛地看着我，就像第一次看见我似的。
He cleared his throat as if to say something. 他清了清嗓子，像要说什么似的。
The waves dashed on the rocks as if in anger. 波涛冲击着岩石，好像很愤怒。
【典例分析】
1. He looked at me curiously _______________ he had some doubt which he was unwilling to express.
A. as if B. in case C. unless D. so that
【答案】A
【解析】考查状语从句。句意：他好奇地看着我，好像有一些疑问又不肯说出口。as if＂好像，仿佛＂，引导方式状语从句。
2. More people will eat out in restaurants _______________ they do today.
A. than B. when C. while D. as
【答案】D
【解析】句意：正如人们现在所做的一样，更多的人将会在饭店吃饭。as在此引导方式状语从句，表示＂如同，照……的方式＂。
【检测训练】
1. Hardly had I finished the work on time ________ the bell rang.
A. while B. when C. as D. during
2. Child________ she is, she knows a lot about the universe.
A. as B. during C. so D. though
3. Wherever he goes, he always takes an umbrella with him ________ it rains.
A. in case B. even though C. even if D. now that
4. —Coach, can I continue with the training?
—Sorry, you can’t ________you haven’t recovered from the knee injury.
A. until B. before C. as D. unless
5. ________ the Internet is of great help, I don’t think it’s a good idea to spend too much time on it.
A. While B. Until C. If D. Before
6. ________ you want to work in a foreign country, you’d better improve your oral English.
A. Now that B. So that C. Such that D. In order that
7. Though________ to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome.
A. surprising B. to surprise C. being surprised D. surprised
8. It is clear that, ________ self-awareness is a healthy quality, overdoing it is harmful.
A. while B. because C. whether D. when
9. Lily was about to close the window _______ her attention was caught by a kite.
A. when B. if C. and D. though
10. The rain came so suddenly that ________ I could find a ________ to hide, it had begun pouring.
A. after, reserve B. before, reserve
C. after, shelter D. before, shelter
11. He had a flash of inspiration _______ he saw the lovely little girl.
A. the instant B. the instant when C. in an instant D. for an instant
12. _____ you may meet, you should face the challenge bravely.
A. No matter a serious problem B. What a serious problem
C. However serious a problem D. Whatever serious a problem
13. If you don’t grasp this chance, it may be years ______ you get another one.
A. before B. since C. until D. unless
14. I’ll be out for some time. _________ anything important happens, call me up immediately.
A. As if B. Regardless of C. In case D. Now that
15. They agreed to rent the house ______ the roof should be repaired.
A. on condition that B. as soon as C. when D. for fear that
16. Rope skipping can be done almost anywhere at any time, there is space enough for the rope to make a complete revolution.
A. if only B. only if C. unless D. until
17. Some school teachers complain that many kids haven't got any hobbies— we call playing computer games a hobby.
A. unless B. once C. since D. if
18. The theory that the scientist announced was _______ convincing _______ common people began to accept it without doubt.
A. such...that B. such...as C. so...that D. so...as
19. 　　     the outbreak of COVID-19 is a terrible blow to the country, the government is trying hard to bring the situation under control.
A. Although B. If C. Unless D. Because
20. I’ll give you all the facts so ________ you can judge yourself.
A. what B. which C. that D. if
21. --- How long will it be ________ your brother attends university?
--- Half a month.
A. since B. before C. until D. when
22. We were all confused why he left the job____he was so well paid in that big company.
A. if B. until C. once D. when
23. ____________, several recipients reported running a fever after taking a shot.
A. Effective as the vaccine is claimed to be
B. As the vaccine is claimed to be effective
C. Because the vaccine is claimed to be effective
D. Where the vaccine is claimed to effective
24. I was much impressed by great changes and fast pace of life in Shanghai ________ I came to visit this fantastic city.
A. at the first time B. for the first time C. by the first time D. the first time
25. Tim was happy to take on all the housework ________ his wife went out to work.
A. while B. until C. before D. since
26. ____________ small a population an ethnic group has, it has a rich history.
A. Though B. While C. However D. Whatever
27. If you are travelling ____________ customs are really foreign to you, please do as the Romans do.
A. where B. when C. that D. which
28. __________ I like the color of that hat, I don’t like its shape.
A. That B. While C. As D. So
29. —May I go and play with Tom this afternoon, Mum?
—No. You can’t go out _________your homework is being done.
A. before B. as C. until D. after
30. Two years ago, a new school was set up_________there had once teen a factory.
A. that B. when C. which D. where
31. No sooner ____________ these words than the warden hit him on the head with the soup spoon.
A. had the boy spoken B. has the boy spoken
C. did the boy speak D. was the boy speaking
32. You'd better not send or receive text messages you are crossing a street or highway.
A. before B. after C. while D. until
33. No sooner had the bell_________ that the class was over rung _________ the students rushed out of the classroom for the dining hall.
A. indicated… when B. indicating…than
C. indicating…when D. to indicate…than
34. Li Na is still recognized as one of the best tennis players around the world she has retired.
A. as if B. since C. even though D. now that
35. Tired __________ he was, he still went on with his work.
A. although B. if C. as D. while
36. ______ I’m thousands of miles away from my motherland, home is always ______ my heart is.
A. While; where B. Despite; the place where
C. Though; at which D. Although; the place which
37. No matter how frequently ______, he didn’t ______ and determined to lose weight.
A. frustrated; lose heart B. frustrated; lose his heart
C. being frustrated; lose hope D. having been frustrated; lose his hope
38. It’s so cold that you can’t go outside____ fully covered in thick clothes.
A. because B. unless C. once D. when
39. They didn't go camping __________it rained heavily.
A. because B. and C. so D. or
40. I think that, _____the cost, we have to address this problem. We have to bring justice and compassion to the victims.
A. whichever B. whatever C. however D. wherever
41. I’d like to arrive 20 minutes early ________I can have time for a cup of tea.
A. as soon as B. as a result of C. in case D. so that
42. — Did you explain it to your boss?
— No. He stormed out of the office______I could get in a word.
A. since B. when C. before D. after
43. You’d better write the book in simple English_____ the children aged 10-12 can read and understand it easily.
A. now that B. so that C. as if D. even if
44. If you ______ your plan, you will most likely fail to finish the task.
A. look forward to B. lose track of C. are aware of D. are used to
45. — Mom, what did your doctor say?
— He advised me to live ________ the air is fresher.
A. when B. where C. whose D. that
46. Native English speakers can understand each other ______ they don’t speak the same kind of English.
A. even though B. in case
C. as if D. ever since
47. a lot of hard work and a touch of luck play a part, perseverance is the key to success.
A. When B. While C. Because D. If
48. But ________ he had won everything it was possible to win in his sport, Li Ning retired with the feeling that he ________.
A. even though; was failed B. after; failed
C. even though; had failed D. after; has failed
49. He has _____ that he is often lonely.
A. such few friends B. such little friends C. so few friends D. so a few friends
50. the dragon doesn't exist, we still take it a symbol of our nation.
A. Despite...as B. While. ..as C. Despite. ..for D. While. ..for


参考答案
1. B
【解析】考查状语从句。句意：我刚按时完成工作铃就响了。表示“一……就……”固定句型为hardly…when…，引导时间状语从句，hardly位于句首时，句子需用部分倒装。故选B。
2. A
【解析】考查连词。句意：虽然她是个孩子，她知道关于宇宙的很多知识。A. as虽然；B. during在…期间；C. so因此；D. though虽然。根据child的位置可知，此处考查as引导的让步状语从句应运用部分倒装，且表语中可数名词前的a省去。故选A项。
3. A
【解析】考查连词辨析。句意：无论他去哪里，他总是带着雨伞以防下雨。A.in case以防； B.even though尽管； C.even if尽管； D.now that既然。分析句意可知，本句为in case引导的目的状语从句。故选A项。
4. C
【解析】考查连词词义辨析。句意：——教练，我可以继续训练吗？——抱歉，你不能，因为你还没有从膝盖伤中恢复。A. until直到；B. before在......之前；C. as因为；D. unless除非。根据句意可知，上下文是因果关系，应用as连接。故选C。
5. A
【解析】考查连词。句意：虽然互联网有很大的帮助，但我认为花太多时间在上面不是个好主意。A. While 虽然，尽管；B. Until 直到……；C. If 如果；D. Before 在……之前。根据句意，此空需要连词引导让步状语从句，表示虽然互联网有好处，但不能花太多时间在上面。故选A。
6. A
【解析】考查原因状语从句。句意：既然你想在国外工作，你最好提高你的英语口语。now that“既然”，引导原因状语从句；so that和in order that的意思是“为了……”，引导目的状语从句；such …that“如此……以致于”，引导结果状语从句。该句是复合句，前半句表示原因，连接词应该引导原因状语从句。故选A。
7. D
【解析】考查状语从句的省略。句意：教授见到我们虽然很惊讶，但还是热情地欢迎了我们。be surprised to do，对做某事很惊讶，在though引导的让步状语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语一致且含有be的某种形式时，可省略从句的主语和be，本句完整形式为：Though he was surprised to see us，相当于省略了he was，故选D。
8. A
【解析】考查连词词义辨析和让步状语从句。句意：很明显，虽然自我意识是一种健康的品质，但过度自我意识是有害的。A.while尽管，虽然；B.because因为；C.whether是否；D.when当……的时候。“self-awareness is a healthy quality”和“overdoing it is harmful”构成转折关系，所以此处为让步状语从句，应用while表示“尽管，虽然”。故选A。
9. A
【解析】考查连词辨析。句意：莉莉正要关窗户，突然一只漂亮的飞鸟引起了她的注意。固定句式"be about to do sth when…"意为"正要做某事，（那时）突然…". 本句中的when是一个并列连词，等于and then，表示"在那时"。if如果；and并且；though尽管。故选B。
10. D
【解析】考查时间状语从句及名词词义辨析。句意：雨下得太突然了，我还没找到避雨的地方，雨就下起来了。根据语境可知此处指还没来得及找遮蔽物就下雨了，before引导时间状语从句，意为：在……之前；还没来得及；……之后，故第一个空填before。第二空前是冠词a，故空格填名词，由常识可知下雨时要避雨，故要找遮蔽物， shelter，名词，意为： 庇护；避难所；遮盖物。after：在……之后；reserve：储备（量）；自然保护区。故选D。
11. A
【解析】考查时间状语从句。句意：他一看到那个可爱的小女孩，就灵光一现。A.the instant 一……就……，引导时间状语从句；B.the instant when在那一刻，when之后引导的为定语从句； C.in an instant 瞬间，马上；D.for an instant片刻。分析句子可知，空白处及之后内容为时间状语从句，结合句意可知，选项A符合题意。故选A。
12. C
【解析】考查状语从句。句意：不管你遇到多么严重的问题，你都应该勇敢地面对这个挑战。“_____ you may meet”是让步状语从句。表示“无论多么”，应该用however或no matter how引导该从句。且however或no matter how后面应先接形容词。然后后面接主语+谓语。结合选项，C选项正确。故选C。
13. A
【解析】考查从属连词词义辨析。句意：如果你不抓住这个机会，你可能需要很多年（之后）才能得到另一个机会。A. before在……以前；B. since自从；C. until直到；D. unless除非。根据句意可知，这里指的是，在你得到另一个机会之前需要很多年，before在此语境下可翻译为“过……（之后）才”，故用before。故选A项。
14. C
【解析】考查连接词词义辨析。句意：我要出去一段时间。万一有什么重要的事发生，立即给我打电话。A.As if好像；B. Regardless of不管，不顾；C. In case万一；D. Now that既然，由于。根据前后句意可知，空处需用in case引导条件状语从句。故选C。
15. A
【解析】考查状语从句引导词。句意：如果屋顶修好了，他们同意租这套房子。A. on condition that在……情况下；B.as soon as 一……就……；C. when 当......时候；D. for fear that 以免。分析句意可知，此处用on condition that引导条件状语从句符合语境，故选A。
16. B
【解析】考查连接词词义辨析。句意：只要有足够的空间让绳子完全旋转一圈，跳绳在任何时候任何地方都可以进行。A. if only要是……就好了；B. only if 只有……才；C. unless除非；D. until直到……才。根据句意及句子结构可知，空后是前面的一种条件，应用only if“只有……才”引导条件状语从句。故选B项。
17. A
【解析】考查状语从句。句意：一些学校的老师抱怨许多孩子没有爱好——除非我们把玩电脑游戏称为一种爱好。A. unless除非；B. once一旦；C. since既然；D. if如果。引导条件状语从句，表示“除非”应用unless 。故选A。
18. C
【解析】考查固定句型。句意：那位科学家宣布的理论非常有说服力，以至于普通人开始毫无疑问地接受它。A. such...that 如此……以致于；B. such...as 像……这样的；C. so...that 如此……以致于；D. so...as （常用于否定句中“no so… as不像……一样）；分析句子可知，convincing为形容词，第二个空后为结果状语从句；再结合句意，该句符合“主+谓+so+形容词+that引导结果从句”句型，C选项符合，A、B选项中的such后接名词。故选C项。
19. A
【解析】考查连词。句意:虽然新型冠状病毒肺炎的暴发对全国是非常严重的打击，但是政府正尽力掌控局势。A. although虽然；B. if如果；C. unless除非；D. because因为。根据句意可知，前后句为转折关系，设空处引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然”。故选A项。
20. C
【解析】考查目的状语从句。句意：我将把所有的事实都告诉你，以便你自己作出判断。根据句意且根据设空前的so可知，该空应用that，so that引导目的状语从句，C项符合。故选C。
21. B
【解析】考查固定句型。句意：——还要多久你弟弟才上大学？——半个月。A. since 自从，因为；B. before 在......之前；C. until直到；D. when当。分析句子可知，此处考查固定句型：It will be + 时间段+ before“还要......才......”。故选B。
22. D
【解析】考查时间状语从句。句意：我们都不明白为什么他在那家大公司的工资那么高，却要辞掉那份工作。根据句意，他是在工资很高的时候离开公司的，所以让我们困惑，所以是“当......时候”，故选D项。

23. A
【解析】考查倒装句。句意：尽管疫苗声称有效，但据报道，几名接种者在注射后发烧。分析可知，此处为as引导的让步状语从句，从句要用倒装语序，其结构为：adj./adv./n.+as+主语+句子其他成分，因此要把表语effective提到句首。故选A项。
24. D
【解析】考查时间状语从句。句意：当我第一次来参观这个神奇的城市时，我对上海的巨大变化和快节奏的生活留下了深刻的印象。根据句意及句子结构，可知此题缺少引导时间状语从句的连词，故选D项。
25. A
【解析】考查连词。句意：当他妻子外出工作时，蒂姆很乐意承担所有的家务。A. while当......时候；B. until直到；C. before之前；D. since自从。由“ his wife went out to work”可知，是当妻子外出工作时，蒂姆承担所有的家务，由while引导时间状语从句。故选A项。
26. C
【解析】考查状语从句。句意：无论一个民族的人口多么少，它都有丰富的历史。句中however引导让步状语从句，表示“无论多么”，however+形容词+主语+谓语。相当于no matter how。故选C。
27. A
【解析】考查地点状语从句。句意：如果你旅行的地方的风俗习惯对你来说真的很陌生，那么请入乡随俗。where引导地点状语，相当于in the place where…，表示“在……地方”。故选A。
28. B
【解析】考查连词。句意：虽然我喜欢那顶帽子的颜色，但我不喜欢它的形状。分析句意可知，本句为while引导的让步状语从句。故选B项。
29. B
【解析】考查连词词义辨析和原因状语从句。句意：——妈妈，今天下午我可以和汤姆一起去玩吗？——不，你不能出去，因为你将做你的作业。A. before在……之前；B. as随着；因为；C. until直到；D. after在……之后。分析可知，“your homework is being done(你在做家庭作业)”应是前文“You can’t go out(你不能出去)”的原因，应选择表达因果逻辑关系的连词。故选B项。
30. D
【解析】考查状语从句。句意：两年前，一所新学校在曾经是工厂的地方建立起来了。引导地点状语从句，表示“……的地方”应用where。故选D。
31. A
【解析】考查部分倒装。句意：男孩一说出这些话，监狱长就用汤匙打他的头。“no sooner ...than...”是一个固定搭配，常引导时间状语从句，主句用过去完成时，“than”后面的从句用一般过去时，意为：一……就，no sooner 放在句首时，主句要用部分倒装结构，即将过去完成时的助动词had提前。故选A。
32. C
【解析】考查时间状语从句连接词。句意：你最好不要在过马路或公路时发送或接收短信。A. before在……之前；B. after在……之后；C. while当……的时候；D. until直到……为止。根据常识可知，应为“当过马路或公路时，最好不要发送或接收短信”。故选C项。
33. B
【解析】考查非谓语动词和状语从句。句意：下课铃声刚一响，学生们就冲出教室，奔向餐厅。句中bell与indicate之间为主动关系，所以现在分词作定语； no sooner…than …一……就……，为固定结构，引导时间状语从句，主句为过去完成时，than后面的从句用一般过去时。故选B。
34. C
【解析】考查连词词义辨析。句意：尽管李娜已经退役，但她仍然被认为是世界上最好的网球运动员之一。A. as if好像；B. since既然；C. even though尽管；D. now that既然。由句意可知，“李娜已经退役”和“她仍然被认为是世界上最好的网球运动员之一”是让步转折关系，even though符合句意。故选C项。
35. C
【解析】考查连词词义辨析。句意：尽管他很累了，他还是继续工作。A. although尽管；B. if如果；C. 尽管；D. while当……时候。根据句意可知，此处引导让步状语从句，且采用了部分倒装，把强调的内容Tired提至句首，主谓并不倒装，应用as或though引导。故选C。
36. A
【解析】考查状语从句和表语从句。句意：虽然我远离我的祖国，但家永远是我心之所在。第一空，引导让步状语从句，表示“虽然”，后跟句子，故排除B选项；第二空，空处为表语从句，从句中缺少地点状语，故应用where引导；理解为定语从句时，先行词为the place，先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用where引导。故选A。
37. A
【解析】考查省略和固定短语。句意：不管有多沮丧，他都没有灰心，决心减肥。分析句子结构可知，此处no matter how引导让步状语从句,其后接形容词frustrated“沮丧的”，因为从句主语和主句主语一致，且含有be动词，所以此处从句省略主语he和was；lose heart灰心，固定短语，助动词didn’t后需接动词原形。故选A。
38. B
【解析】考查连词词义辨析。句意：天太冷了，除非穿上厚衣服，否则你不能出去。A. because因为；B. unless除非；C. once一旦；D. when当……时候。引导条件状语从句，表示“除非”应用unless。故选B。
39. A
【解析】考查状语从句。句意：他们没有去露营，因为雨下得很大。A. because因为；B. and并且；C. so所以；D. or或者。表示主句动作发生原因，引导原因状语从句，表示“因为”应用because。故选A。
40. B
【解析】考查让步状语从句。句意：我认为，无论付出什么代价，我们都必须解决这个问题。我们必须为受害者带来正义和同情。A. whichever 无论哪一个/些；B. whatever 无论什么；C. however 无论怎样；D. wherever 无论哪里。分析句子结构结和句意可知，空处引导一个让步状语从句，从句省略系动词is，因此该从句缺少表语，结合句意“无论什么代价”可知应用whatever引导该从句，故选B项。
41. D
【解析】考查固定短语辨析。句意：我想提前20分钟到，这样我就有时间喝杯茶。A. as soon as一……就……；B. as a result of因此；C. in case万一，假使；D. so that以便。根据句意可知，此处引导目的状语从句，表示“以便”应用so that。故选D。
42. C
【解析】考查时间状语从句的连词。句意：---你跟你老板解释过了吗？---没有，我还没来得及说话，他就冲出办公室了。A.since 自从......之后；B.when当......时；C.before在......之前，没来得及； D.after在......之后。短语：storm out of sth.意为“气冲冲地走出......”；get in a word意为“插话”，结合本句可知，我没有向老板解释是在我没有插上话之前，老板就冲出办公室。故选C。
43. B
【解析】考查目的状语从句。句意：你最好用简单的英语写这本书，这样10-12岁的孩子就能很容易地阅读和理解它。A.now that既然； B.so that以便于； C.as if好像； D.even if即使。根据句意分析，可知设空后面为目的状语从句，now that引导原因状语从句，so that引导目的状语从句，as if引导方式状语从句，even if引导让步状语从句，故选B。
44. B
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：如果你忘记了你的计划，你很可能无法完成任务。A.look forward to期望； B.lose track of忘记； C.are aware of意识到； D.are used to习惯做。由语意可知，你很可能会完不成任务，据此可知，你是忘记了你的计划。故选B。
45. B
【解析】考查状语从句。句意：——妈妈，你的医生怎么说?——他建议我住在空气比较新鲜的地方。动词live为不及物动词，所以用where引导地点状语从句，表示“……的地方”。故选B。
46. A
【解析】考查让步状语从句。句意：以英语为母语的人即使不说同一种英语，也能互相理解。A. even though即使；B. in case以防；C. as if好像，仿佛；D. ever since自从。根据句意可知，句子为让步状语从句，even though意为“即使”，引导让步状语从句，符合句意，in case意为“以防”，引导目的状语从句，as if意为“好像，仿佛”，引导方式状语从句，ever since意为“自从”，引导时间状语从句，均不符合题意。故选A项。
47. B
【解析】考查连词词义辨析。句意：尽管努力和一点点运气也发挥了作用，但坚持不懈是成功的关键。A. When当……时候；B.While尽管；C. Because因为；D. If如果。此处引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管”，应用while。故选B。
48. C
【解析】考查连词和时态。句意：但是即使是已经赢得了自己体操项目上能赢得的一切，李宁依然还是带着一种失败的感觉退役了。根据句意，可知逗号前后两句话之间是让步关系，应用从属连词even though；第二个空格是同位语从句 that he _____中的谓语动词，且动词fail发生在retired 之前，也就是过去的过去，应用过去完成时，故选C。

49. C
【解析】考查状语从句和不定代词。句意：他有如此少的的朋友以至于他经常感到孤独。根据句意，此处表示“如此...以至于”，so...that和such...that引导结果状语从句的区别在于so+adj+that从句，such+ (an/a)+adj+名词+that从句，但是当名词前被few/a few/little/a little修饰时，需要用so...that结构。few/a few加可数名词，little/a little+不可数名词，此处friends可数，所以用few/a few修饰。a few表示一些，few表示几乎没有，根据句意以及后文的lonely，应用few。故选C项。
50. B
【解析】考查连词，介词和固定短语。句意：虽然龙不存在，但我们仍然把它作为我们国家的象征。分析句子结构和句意可知，第一空处需用从属连词while“虽然”引导让步状语从句，despite“尽管”是介词，后不能接从句，所以排除选项A和C；take…for…表示“把……误认为”，不符合题意；take…as…把……看作……，固定搭配，符合题意。故选B。