(新高考)高考英语二轮复习课时精炼考向17 长难句与复杂句子分析(2份打包，解析版+原卷版)

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考向17 长难句与复杂句子分析
一、长难句的常见形式
1．复合句
这些句子往往较长，一个从句套着另一个从句。其实，不管句子有多长、多复杂，它只由两部分构成，即主干和修饰成分。主干主要指主谓宾结构(如：I want a ticket.)或主系表结构(如：The man is a teacher.)。而修饰成分在句中只起修饰或补充主干的作用，它既可以是单词，也可以是短语，更常见的则是从句，尤其是定语从句和状语从句。应通过仔细分析，将每个修饰成分划出来，找出句子的主干，这样整个句子结构就清晰了。
I urge you to contact your state legislators to move this legislation forward so that this weekend will be one of the last times when we have to “fall back”．
分析：此句的主语为I，谓语是urge, so that引导的结果状语从句。在结果状语从句中when引导定语从句。
2．分隔结构
高考试题中出现较多的分隔结构是插入语、用破折号插入的新话题或补充信息。此外，还有一些句子成分(一般是定语)过长而出现后置，也可以看作是插入现象。
“The results are pretty exciting—strong levels of reductions—but there clearly are going to be things to be learned from the areas where the reductions are not as great.” said Penn State University professor Elizabeth McGraw.
提醒：分析长难句时务必注意这些非限制性修饰成分，它们打断了原来的行文逻辑，插入补充了一些额外的信息。
3．成分省略或倒装
在英语句子中，用词简洁是一条重要的修辞原则。省略主要是为了避免重复，突出关键词并使上下文紧密连接。有时为了强调句子表达的重心，对句子进行倒装。
By the end of the century, if not sooner, the world's oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate, according to a new study.
分析：此句正常语序为： By the end of the century, if it is not sooner, the world's oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate, according to a new study.
二、长难句突破策略
通过语法分析，迅速弄清句子的结构，把握句子的基本框架的基本步骤是：首先，判断该句是简单句、并列句还是复合句；然后，找出句子的核心成分，分清主语和谓语，再分清句子的附属成分。
方法一：较复杂单句的处理方法——找主谓语，即找主干成分
较复杂单句在高考试卷中经常出现，所以应引起同学们的足够重视。
(2020·浙江1月高考阅读C)A key skill set for success is persistence (毅力), a characteristic that researchers say is heavily influenced by fathers.
分析：主语是A key skill，谓语是is，表语是persistence, a characteristic是同位语，解释说明persistence。that引导同位语从句，解释名词characteristic。
方法二：并列复合句的处理方法——找并列连词
There was a bit of me that didn't want to love this when everyone else on the planet did, but the horror story is brilliant.
分析：句中的but是并列连词，连接两个并列单句。
方法三：主从复合句的处理方法——找从属连词
(2020·浙江1月高考阅读C)A key finding is that over time, children raised by an authoritative father were significantly more likely to develop persistence, which leads to better outcomes in school.
分析：该句主语是A key finding, that引导表语从句，从句中含有which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰名词persistence。
方法四：并列和主从复合句并存的处理方法——先读懂并列复合句，再看主从复合句
(2019·北京高考阅读)“It'll be a while before we can statistically show that the changes are happening because of climate change，” Dutkiewicz said, “but the change in the color of the ocean will be one of the early warning signals that we really have changed our planet.”
分析：but引导两个并列的主从复合句， but前的主从复合句中是before引导的时间状语从句，该从句中show后是that引导的宾语从句； but后的主从复合句中，主语是the change，谓语是will be, that引导的同位语从句，解释说明名词signals的内容。
【检测训练】
一、单项选择
1. The old man was puzzled by the fact that ________ medicine he took, ________ he seemed to be.
A. the less, the better B. the most, the worst
C. little, well D. the more, and the worst
2. To enjoy the scenery, I would rather ________ more hours on the train than travel by air.
A. spend B. to spend C. spending D. spent
3. ________ is no doubt that the Rio Olympics were a great success.
A. There B. It C. When D. If
4. As they were educated by the same teacher, ________was no wonder that they should do the work in a similar way.
A. this B. that C. there D. it
5. Work harder, Jim. __________you practice, __________ you can understand.
A. The most; the best B. The more; the better
C. The less; the better D. The least; the worst
6. --- How was your weekend, Bella?
--- Awful! It was the first time I ________ alone at home, bored to death.
A. has left B. had left C. has been left D. had been left
7. It was the first time that she ______ such a heavy rain.
A. had witnessed B. has witnessed C. should witness D. witnessed
8. This is why many young people suffer an identity trouble ___ it comes to beauty.
A. when B. how C. that D. where
9. —The weather forecast says it’s going to rain tomorrow.
—Well, I prefer___________ rather than___________ on a rainy day.
A. going out; staying at home
B. to stay at home; go out
C. going out; stay at home
D. staying at home; to go out
10. You look rather tired. ____________ stop to have a rest?
A. How about B. What about C. Why not D. Why don’t
11. We were heatedly arguing about the financial matter _______the telephone rang unexpectedly.
A. while B. as C. as soon as D. when
12. --I will never forget the day ______ I came to the new campus for the first time.
--- ______. On setting foot on the campus, I was impressed ______ the beauty of it.
A. which; So will I; by B. that; Neither I will; with
C. when; Neither will I; by D. when; Neither will I; on
13. Electricity plays __________ part in our life that it is unimaginable to live without it.
A. such important B. so important C. such important a D. so important a
14. That was not the first time he ______ us. I think it’s high time we ______ strong actions against him.
A. had betrayed; take B. had betrayed; took
C. has betrayed; took D. has betrayed; take
15. ___________is required that under no circumstances _______he betray his motherland even if there are temptations like money or beauty.
A. What; can B. It; could C. It; should D. What; could

二、完成句子
16. 努力减少生产产量并降低我们制作和购买的东西的数量是我们的义务。(cut back on)
________ production and reduce the number of things________.
17. 我们的地球已经遭到严重污染了，因此是时候采取措施来改变这种糟糕的状况了。
Since our earth has been polluted terribly, __________ __________ __________ that we took action to change the bad condition.
18. ——你对考试成绩满意吗？
——非常满意。这是我最好的成绩了。
—Are you content with the result of the exam?
—Not a little. I ________ one.（“否定词+比较级”表示最高级含义）
19. 如果方便的话，请帮我在面包房买点面包。
_________________, please help to buy some bread for me in the bakery.
20. 鲍勃经常在健身房运动。难怪他身材那么好。
Bob often works out in the gym. ____________________.
21. 如果你不懂中国的餐桌礼仪你有可能使你的朋友感到尴尬。（likely)
_________ you make your friends feel embarrassed if you don't know China's table manners.
22. It ________ ________ me that I had left my umbrella upstairs.
我突然想起我把伞忘在楼上了。
23. 我正要给他打电话，这时他突然来访。
I ________ ________ ________ ring him up ________ he dropped in.
24. 如果你能就如何学好英语给我提供一些建议我将不胜感激。
I _________ _________ _________ _________ you could give me some advice on how to learn English well.
25. When in Rome，do as the Romans do. So you’d better try to _________________________.
入乡随俗，因此你得适应那样去做。
26. _________________________________________ to protect the environment.
该是我们采取措施保护环境的时候了。
27. 我正要准备放弃搜索时突然注意到灌木丛中有什么东西。
I was ________ ________ ________ ________ giving up the search when something caught my eye in the bushes。
28. _________________Lincoln is one of the greatest presidents in America.
林肯被公认为美国最伟大的总统之一。
29. _____________she learns. _____________________ she wants to learn.
她越学越想学。
30. 她立刻想到这些是暴风雨到来的信号。
________________her that there were signs of an approaching storm.
31. 他宁愿在家里看电视，也不愿去音乐会。
He preferred to stay at home watching TV _________________________.
32. 他是否想和我一起去看电影都没关系。
It doesn’t matter _________________________________________.
33. 我正要离开学校图书馆，突然发现我的笔记本不见了。
I ________________________________ I found my notebook missing.
34. ________ the disabled people. (it作形式主语)
开残疾人的玩笑是不礼貌的。
35. 事实上，我们已经习惯了它们的存在，甚至可能把它们视 为理所当然，却没有意识到它们给了我们多少灵感。
In fact, we are _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ we may even take them for granted without
realising how much inspiration they have given us.
36. 虽然这次考试成绩并没有你预期的那样好，但是你不能对自己失去信心。
Although the result of this exam is ________________ you expected, you can't lose faith in yourself.
37. The object of these experiments was to find the connection, __________________, between the two phenomena.
这些实验的目的就是探索这两种现象之间的联系，如果存在着任何联系的话。
38. My parents were very anxious about me, because__________________ that I had lived abroad alone.
我的父母很担心我,因为那是我第一次独自住在国外。
39. The Americans and the British not only speak the same language ____________________.
英国人和美国人不但语言相同，而且有很多相同的风俗习惯。(not only…but also…)
40. Body language is said to _______ up 55% of a first impression while what you say just 7%.
据说身体语言占第一印象的55%而你却说只有7%。.
41. 无疑，他的计划听起来不错。
_________ _________ _________ _________ _________ his plan sounds very good.
42. 我曾经有段时间非常讨厌英语。
_________ _________ _________ _________ _________ I was tired of English.
43. In order to ________ ________ ________ the woman teacher raised her voice.
为了让自己被听到，那位女老师提高了嗓门。（make+宾语+宾补）
44. If ________ ________ ________ ________ you, let's meet at 8:30 at the school gate.
如果你方便的话，我们8点半在校门口见。
45. The boy always does a good job in exams, not because he is highly intelligent, ________.
这个男孩考试成绩总是很好,不是因为他很聪明,而是因为他学习非常努力。(not…but…)
46. 班车坏了，难怪他们迟到了。
The bus broke down. _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ they were late.
47. 令人惊讶的是如此多十九世纪末到二十一世纪的伟大的艺术作品都收藏在这同一个博物馆里。
________ ________ ________ ________ so many great works of art from the late 19th century to the 21st century could be contained in the same museum.
48. 他们花了大约1个月的时间才搞清楚如何启动设备。
It took them about one month ________ ________ ________ how to start the equipment.
49. 我和他已经在一起工作了几年了,那就是我对他比较熟悉的原因。
He and I have worked together for a couple of years. ________ ________ ________ I know him pretty well.
50. 已经证明有规律地运动对人们的健康有益。
________ ________ ________ ________ that taking exercise regularly does good to people's health.


参考答案
一、1. A
【解析】考查固定句型。句意：老人感到困惑的事实是：他吃的药越少，他似乎身体越好。此处为“the+比较级+句子，the+比较级+句子”结构，表示“越……，越……”。故选A。
2. A
【解析】考查固定句型。句意：为了欣赏风景，我宁愿花更多的时间在火车上而不是乘飞机旅行。would rather do sth…than do sth“宁愿做某事……也不愿做某事”是固定句型，would rather后接动词原形。故选A项。
3. A
【解析】考查固定句型。句意：毫无疑问，里约奥运会取得了巨大的成功。表示“毫无疑问……”用固定句型There is no doubt that…，符合句意。故选A项。
4. D
【解析】考查固定句型。句意：由于他们接受的是同一位老师的教育，他们以同样的方式做这项工作并不奇怪。表示“……不足为奇；并不奇怪”句型为it's no wonder that +从句，其中it 为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的that从句。故选D。
5. B
【解析】考查固定句型。句意：多加努力，吉姆！你练习得越多，你就能理解得越好。此处为句型“the+比较级，the +比较级”，意为“越……，越……”，表示一方的程度随着另一方的变化而变化。故选B。
6. D
【解析】考查谓语动词时态语态辨析。句意：-——你周末过得怎么样，贝拉?——太可怕了!这是我第一次被一个人留在家里，无聊得要死。A.has left 现在完成时主动语态；B. had left 过去完成时主动语态； C. has been left 现在完成时，被动语态；D . had been left 过去玩成时被动语态。分析句子，该空是谓语动词，固定句型It was the first time that sb. had done sth.那是某人第一次做某事，所以该空应该是过去完成时；短语leave sb. alone at home ，把某人一个人留在家里，句意应该是我被一个人留在家里，应该使用被动语态。故选D项。
7. A
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：这是她第一次目睹这么大的雨。“It was the first time that…”为固定句型，that引导的从句中使用过去完成时，其基本构成形式是：had done。故选A。
8. A
【解析】考查短语。句意：这就是为什么很多年轻人一谈到美就会产生认同感的问题。when it comes to当涉及到； 当谈到。根据句意，故选A。
9. B
【解析】考查固定句型。句意：——天气预报说明天会下雨。——下雨天我宁愿待在家里也不愿意出门。表示“宁愿做某事，而不愿做某事”用固定句型prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.。故选B项。
10. C
【解析】考查固定句式。句意：你看起来相当疲惫。为什么不停下来休息一下。根据上文提到的“看起来疲惫”可推断，说话人建议休息一下。正确句式为Why not do sth.?/Why don't you do sth.?/How about doing sth.?/What about doing sth.?故选C。
11. D
【解析】考查固定句型。句意：我们正在热烈地讨论财务问题，突然电话铃响了。固定句型sb was/were doing when...译为“某人正在做……这时候……”。故此题选D。
12. C
【解析】考查定语从句、固定句式和倒装句。句意：——我永远不会忘记我第一次来到新校园的那一天。——我也不会。一踏上校园，我就被它的美丽所打动。第一个设空处引导定语从句，且在从句中作时间状语，先行词为day，故答案为when；neither+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语，表示一种情况同样不适用于另一个人，故第二个设空处答案为neither will I；be impressed by...对......印象深刻，故第三个设空处的答案为by。故选C项。
13. D
【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：电在我们生活中起着如此重要的作用以至于没有它生活难以想象。分析句子可知，play a part in是固定搭配意为“起作用”，且根据句型“such+a（an）+单数可数名词+that......”意为“如此......以至于......”与“so+形容词+a(an)+单数可数名词”可相互替换。故选D项。
14. B
【解析】考查时态和虚拟语气。句意：这已经不是他第一次背叛我们了。我认为是我们对他采取强硬行动的时候了。第一个空考查固定句式。This/that was the first time + that clasuse意为“这是某人第一次做某事”。在该句式中，从句谓语动词应用过去完成时态，第一空应填had betrayed。第二个空也是固定句式。It is（high/about） time + that clause意为“到了某人该做某事的时候了”。从句的谓语需用一般过去式或should+动词原形（should不可省略），故第二空填写took/should take。故选B。
15. C
【解析】考查主语从句和倒装。句意：要求他在任何情况下都不应该背叛他的祖国，即使有金钱或美丽等诱惑。此处为固定句型It is required that sb./sth. should do...“要求某人/某事做......”，此处it作形式主语，that引导主语从句，且从句要用虚拟语气，谓语部分为(should) do ；从句中，状语under no circumstances “决不”置于句首，所在句子需要部分倒装，将情态动词should置于主语he之前。故选C项。
二、
16. It is our duty to try to cut back on we make and buy.
【解析】考查固定短语、固定句型和定语从句。表示“……是我们的义务”用固定句型It is our duty to do sth.；表示“努力做某事”应用try to do sth.，此处使用动词不定式作真正的主语；表示“减少”用动词短语cut back on；表示“我们作和购买的”使用定语从句，此处引导词that作宾语，可以省略；表示“我们”应用we作主语；表示“制作和购买”应用make and buy，陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语是we，谓语动词使用原形。故填①It is our duty to try to cut back on②we make and buy。
17. it's high time
【解析】考查固定句型。表示“是时候做某事了”为it’s high time that…，其后从句用虚拟语气。故填it’s high time。
18. can’t have a better
【解析】考查固定句型，形容词比较级。分析句子，该空为谓语部分，根据题目要求“否定词+比较级”表示最高级含义，及汉语提示“这是我最好的成绩了”，意思是说“我不可能有比这次更好的成绩了”，可以表达 I can't have a better one。故填can’t have a better。
19. If it is convenient for you
【解析】考查固定句型。结合句意表示“如果某人方便的话……”固定句型为if it be convenient for sb.，结合语境可知此处应用一般现在时，句首单词首字母要大写。故填If it is convenient for you。
20. No wonder (that) he has such a good figure/It's no wonder (that) he has such a good figure
【解析】考查固定句型/主语从句。根据句意，表示“难怪”用No wonder (that)/ It's no wonder (that)；表示“身材好”用have such a good figure。根据主句动词works可知，时态是一般现在时。主语是第三人称he，故动词变单三。故答案为No wonder (that) he has such a good figure/It's no wonder (that) he has such a good figure。
21. It is likely that
【解析】考查固定句型。句子是描述一个一般性事实，应用一般现在时；空处表示“有可能……”，使用固定句型It is likely that，其中It是形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主语。故填It is likely that。
22. occurred to
【解析】考查固定句型和时态。对比中英文句意可知，空处需表示“突然想起”之意，It occurs to sb. that…为固定句型，意为“某人突然想起……”，此处陈述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时。故填occurred to。
23. was about to when
【解析】考查固定搭配。表示“正要做......这时......”应用固定搭配be about to...when...，根据语境和下文的dropped in可知为一般过去时，由主语是I，be动词用was。故填①was②about③to④when。
24. would appreciate it if
【解析】考查固定句型。结合句意表示“如果……将不胜感激”句型为sb. would appreciate it if…，it作形式宾语。故填①would；②appreciate；③it；④if。
25. adjust to doing that
【解析】考查固定短语。固定短语adjust to doing sth.“适应去做某事”，且根据上文try to do sth.可知应填动词原形。故填adjust to doing that。
26. It’s time for us to take measures
【解析】考查固定句式。固定句式It’s time for sb. to do sth.“是某人做某事的时候了”；短语take measures“采取措施”。结合句意可知应用一般现在时，故填It’s time for us to take measures。
27. on the point of
【解析】考查固定短语。根据中英文提示可知，句中涉及固定句型be on the point of doing sth. when...“正要做某事（突然）就......”。故填①on②the③point④of。
【点睛】

28. It is recognized that
【解析】考查固定句式。固定句式It is recognized that…“公认……；人们认为”，此处描述的是客观事实，应使用一般现在时。故填It is recognized that。
29. The more the more
【解析】考查固定句型。根据提示可知本句考查比较状语从句 the+比较级……，the+比较级……“越……越……”，“越多”the more，再结合其它汉语提示，故填(1). The more (2). the more 。
30. It immediately occurred to
【解析】考查时态和固定句型。结合从句谓语 were可知，事情已发生，时态用一般过去时，固定句型It occurred to sb. that(某人突然想到)，副词immediately(立刻)。故填It immediately occurred to。
31. rather than go to the concert
【解析】考查固定搭配。根据中英文提示可知，此处考查固定搭配prefer to do…rather than do…“宁愿做某事，而不愿意做某事”，go to the concert“去音乐会”，故填rather than go to the concert。
32. whether he wants to go to the cinema with me or not
【解析】考查宾语从句和动词时态。表示“和某人去看电影”短语为go to the cinema with sb.；此处为宾语从句，从句中不缺少成分，结合汉语意思表示“是否”可知短语whether…or not，结合上文doesn’t可知应用一般现在时，从句主语为he，故谓语动词应用第三人称单数。故填whether he wants to go the cinema with me or not。
33. was about to leave the school library when
【解析】考查固定句型。根据汉语意思表示“正要做某事，突然……”可知句型为sb. be about to do sth. when…。结合后文found可知应用一般过去时。故填was about to leave the school library when。
34. It is bad manners to make fun of
【解析】考查固定句型和固定短语。句意：开残疾人的玩笑是不礼貌的。It is +adj.+n+to do为固定用法，it为形式主语，动词不定式为真正的主语；表示“不礼貌”应用bad manners；表示“开玩笑”应用make fun of，位于动词不定式符号to后面，需用动词原形。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。故填It is bad manners to make fun of。
35. so used to them that
【解析】考查固定短语及so...that句型。表示“习惯了……”应使用动词短语be used to；根据句意，后面表示“可能把它们视为理所当然，却没有意识到它们给了我们多少灵感”应该是已经习惯他们导致的结果，应使用so adj. that 结果状语从句，结合空前已有are。故填①so；②used；③to；④them；⑤that。
36. not as good as
【解析】考查固定短语。根据句意表示“像……一样……”结构为“as + adj.+ as...”，表示其否定形式是在第一个as前加not；表示“好”应用形容词good。故填not as good as。
37. if any
【解析】考查固定句型。结合句意表示“若有的话；如果有的话”可知句型为if any。故填if any。
38. it was the first time
【解析】考查固定句型。根据语境，“这是某人第…次做某事”可用固定句型“It is/was the +序数词 + time that sb. have(has)/had done sth.”，根据“… that I had lived abroad alone”可知，从句用过去完成时（had done），主句则用一般过去时（was），结合句意，故答案为it was the first time。
39. but also share a large number of social customs
【解析】考查固定搭配not only…but also…。固定搭配：not only...but also... 表示“不仅……而且”“既……又”，用于连接两个性质相同的词或短语，当not only…but also连接两个主语时，谓语动词的数原则上与其相近的主语保持一致；该句中not only…but also连接两个并列的谓语动词，且谓语动词与主语The Americans and the British 保持一致；“而且有很多相同的风俗习惯”翻译为but also share a large number of social customs。故答案为but also share a large number of social customs。
40. make/take
【解析】考查动词。分析句子结构可知，空处填动词原形，再根据已给句意可知，take/make up意为“占……”，空前to是不定式符号，用动词原形。故填make/take。
41. There is no doubt that
【解析】考查固定句型。固定句型：“毫无疑问”是There is no doubt that…，此处是there be句型，其中that引导同位语从句。故填①There；②is；③no；④doubt；⑤that。
42. There was a time when
【解析】考查固定句型。“曾经有段时间”是固定句式“there was a time when......”，其中when引导定语从句修饰先行词time。故填①There②was③a④time⑤when。
43. make herself heard
【解析】考查不定式和固定句式。不定式短语in order to do，为了做……；固定句式make oneself done，意为“使某人自己被......”，此处done为宾补，结合汉语提示，故填①make②herself③heard。
44. it is convenient for
【解析】考查固定句式和时态。固定句式：if it is convenient for sb，意为“如果某人方便的话”。表示如果某人方便，意为时间对某人来说是方便的，所以不用人作主语，要用it指代时间。在if引导的条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表将来，结合汉语提示，故答案为①it②is③convenient④for
45. but because he works extremely hard
【解析】考查固定句型。句子要求用not...but...的结构，原句中not位于because引导的整个原因状语从句之前，but应与其保持一致，也后接一个原因状语从句表示“因为他学习非常努力”，“努力学习”可由work hard表示，“非常”可由表程度的副词extremely表示，该句时态与前两句一致也要用一般现在时。故填but because he works extremely hard。
46. It is no wonder that
【解析】考查固定句型。句意：班车坏了，难怪他们迟到了。根据中英文提示可知，需要翻译的设空部分为：难怪。It is no wonder that…为固定句型，意为“难怪”，it为形式主语，that引导主语从句。故填①It②is③no④wonder⑤that。
47. It is amazing that
【解析】考查固定句式。“ It is +形容词+that……”是一个固定句式，其中that 引导主语从句，it作形式主语指代后面的that从句。that后面接完整的句子，that在从句中不做任何成分，没有实际意义。根据汉语提示可知，此处用形容词amazing。故填①It；②is；③amazing；④that。
48. to figure out
【解析】考查不定式和动词短语。根据中英文提示，空格处缺少“弄清楚”figure out，It took sb. some time to do sth.是固定句型，表示“花费某人多长时间做某事”，故填to figure out。
49. That is why
【解析】考查表语从句。句意：我和他已经在一起工作了几年了,那就是我对他比较熟悉的原因。根据中英文提示可知，需要翻译的设空部分是：那就是为什么。That is why…为固定句型，意为“那就是为什么”，that指代上文提到的一件事，that为单数形式，谓语动词使用is，why引导表语从句，在从句中作原因状语。故填①That②is③why。
50. It has been proved
【解析】考查固定句型和时态。分析句意及句子结构可知，此处应填“已经证明”，prove意为“证明”，It+be+过去分词+that...为固定句型，it为形式主语，that引导主语从句，此处使用现在完成时，主语为it，助动词用had，即It has been proved。故填It has been proved。