(新高考)高考英语二轮复习课时精炼考向18 填空类试题命题点句式(2份打包，解析版+原卷版)

这是一份(新高考)高考英语二轮复习课时精炼考向18 填空类试题命题点句式(2份打包，解析版+原卷版)，文件包含新高考高考英语二轮复习课时精炼考向18填空类试题命题点句式解析版doc、新高考高考英语二轮复习课时精炼考向18填空类试题命题点句式原卷版doc等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共35页， 欢迎下载使用。

考向18 填空类试题命题点句式
英语语法填空与完形填空常考句型
1. as 句型
(1) as引导方式状语从句句型：“按照……;正如……”
例：As(it is)in your country, we grow wheat in the north and rice in the south.
正如(像) 你们国家一样，我们北方种植小麦，南方种植水稻。
(2) as+形容词/副词原级+(a /an)+名词+as ; 否定式：not as/so --- as
例：He is as good a player as his sister.
他和他姐姐一样是位优秀的运动员。
(3) such + n. + as to do 如此……以致于……
例：She is such a fool as to believe what he said.
她是一个如此的一个笨蛋以致相信了他所说的话。
(4) so + adj./adv. + as to do sth 如此……以致于……
例：He was so strong as to carry the heavy box.
他是如此的强壮以致于能提起那重箱子。
(5) such...as... 象……之类的…… (接名词或定语从句)
例：He wished to be such a man as Lei Feng was.
他希望成为一个像雷锋这样的人。
(6) the same +名词+as 和……一样的…… (接名词或定语从句)
例：He is not the same man as he used to be.
他不是从前的那样子了。
(7) as 引导非限制性定语从句
例：As is known to us, knowledge is power.
众所周知，知识就是力量。
(8)引导时间状语从句，与while意义相近
例：We get wiser as we get older.
随着我们长大，我们也变得越来越聪明。
(9) 引导原因状语从句，与 because的用法相近
例：As it was getting very late, we soon turned back.
因为越来越迟了，所以我们不久就回来了。
(10) 引导让步状语从句
例：Child as he is, he knows much about science.
尽管他是一个小孩，但他对科学了解得很多。
2. prefer 句型
(1) prefer to do sth
例：I prefer to stay at home.
我宁愿呆在家里。
(2) prefer doing sth
例：I prefer playing in defence.
我喜欢打防守。
(3) prefer sb to do sth
例：Would you prefer me to stay?
你愿意我留下来吗?
(4) prefer to do sth rather than do sth… 宁愿…...而不愿...
例句：I prefer to stay at home rather than go out.
我宁愿呆在家里而不愿出去.
(5) prefer doing sth to doing sth
例：I prefer watching football to playing it.
我喜欢看篮球，不喜欢打篮球。
(6) prefer sth to sth
例：I prefer tea to coffee.
我要茶不要咖啡。
3. when 句型
(1) was/were doing sth...when...
例：He was still smiling when the door opened and his wife came in.
他正笑着的时候门突然开了，他妻子走了进来。
(2) was/were about to do sth ... when ...
例：We were about to start when it began to rain.
我们刚要出发，天就开始下雨了。
(3) had just done ... when ...
例：I had just gone to bed after a very hard day when the phone rang.
在劳累了一天之后我刚刚就寝，电话铃就响了。
4. seem 句型
(1) It +seems + that从句
例：It seemed that everyone was satisfied.
看来好像每个人都很满意。
(2) It seems to sb that ...
例：It seems to me that she is right.
我看她是对的，
(3) There seems to be ...
例：There seems to be a heavy rain.
看上去要有一场大雨。
(4) It seems as if ...
例：It seemed that she couldn't come to class.
看样子她不能来上课了。
5. 表示“相差……; 增加了……; 增加到……”的句型
(1) She is taller than I by three inches.
她比我高三英寸
(2) There is one year between us.
我们之间相差一岁。
(3) She is three years old than I.
她比我大三岁。
(4) They have increased the price by 50%.
他们把价格上涨了50%
(5) His salary has rised to 10,000 yuan per month.
他的工资已经涨到了每月10,000元。
6. what 引导的名词性从句
(1) what 引导主语从句
例：What surprised me is that everybody seemed to be very indifferent to her.
让我吃惊的是每个人似乎对她都很冷淡。
[ indifferent adj.不关心的;冷漠的]
(2) what 引导宾语从句
例：We can learn what we do not know.
我们能学会我们不懂的东西。
(3) what 引导表语从句
例：That is what I want.
那正是我所要的。
(4) what 引导同位语从句
例：I have no idea what they are talking about.
我不知道他们正在谈论什么。
7. too句型
(1) too ... to do ...
例：Politics is too important to be left to the politicians.(=Politics is so important that it can't be left to the politicians.)
政治太重要了，不能由政治家来决定。
(2) only too ... to do ...
例：I shall be only too pleased to get home.
我要回到家里就非常高兴。
(3) too + adj + for sth
例：These shoes are much too small for me.
我穿这双鞋太小了。
(4) too + adj + a + n.
例：This is too difficult a text for me.
这篇课文对我来说太难了。
(5) can't … too +形容词 无论……也不为过
例：We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much.
我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。
8. where 句型
(1) where 引导的定语从句
例：This is the house where he lived last year.
这就是他去年住过的房子。
(2) where 引导的状语从句
例：Where there is a will，there is a way.
有志者事竟成。
He left his key where he could find.
他将钥匙放在易找到的地方。
I will go where I want to go.
我要去我想去的地方。
(3) where 引导的表语从句
例：This is where you are wrong.
这正是你错的地方。
9. wish 句型
(1) wish that sb did sth 希望某人现在做某事
例：I wish I were as strong as you.
我希望和你一样强壮。
(2) wish that sb had done sth 希望某人过去做某事
例：I wish you had told me earlier
要是你早点告诉我就好了。
(3) wish that sb would/could do sth 希望某人将来做某事
例：I wish you would succeed this time.
我希望你这次会成功。
10. would rather 句型
(1) would rather do sth than do sth 宁愿做……而不愿做……
例：She would rather die than turn against his motherland.
她宁可死也不去背叛祖国。
(2) would rather have done sth 宁愿过去做过某事
例：I would rather have taken his advice.
我宁愿过去接受他的意见。
(3) would rather sb had done sth 宁愿某人过去做过某事
例：I would rather I had passed the examination last week.
我真希望通过上星期的考试。
(4) would rather sb did sth 宁愿某人现在或将来做某事
例：Who would you rather went with you?
你宁愿谁和你一起去?
11. before 句型
(1) before sb can/ could … 某人还没来得及……
例：Before I could get in a word ，he had measured me.
我还没来得及插话，他就给我量好了尺寸。
(2) It will be +时间+ before + 还有多长时间……
例：It will be 4 years before he graduates.
他还有四年时间变毕业了。
(3) had done some time before (才……)
例：We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land.
我们航行了四天四夜才见到陆地。
(4) had not done ... before ... 不到……就……
例：We hadn’t run a mile before he felt tired.
我们还没走到一英里路就觉得累了。
(5) It was not +一段时间+ before 不多久就……
例：It wasn’t two years before he left the country.
还没到两年他们离开了那国家。
12. 强调句型
(1) It is /was +被强调部分+that(who)...
例：It was I who wrote to my uncle yesterday.
是我昨天给我叔叔写信的。
(2) Is/was it + 被强调部分 + that (who) ...
例：Was it your brother that you met in the street?
在街上你遇见的是你兄弟吗?
(3) Where/who/what/how等特殊疑问词 + is/was it that ...
例：How is it that you will go to visit her tomorrow?
明天你究竟怎样去看望她?
(4) do/does/did +谓语动词 (强调谓语)
例：They do know the place well.
他们的确很熟悉那个地方。
13. 用于表示过去未实现的希望和计划的句型
(1)would like to/ would love to have done sth.
例：I would like to have written to you.
我本想给你写信的。
(2) was / were going to do sth.(用过去将来时态表示原打算做什么)
例：Lucy was going to watch a basketball match.
Lucy 原打算看一场篮球比赛。
【检测训练】
一、完形填空
1
My nephew Tyden and I were attending another nephew’s birthday party at a local amusement center. Tyden won quantities of 1 for scoring points on the games, so we went to 2 them in and select his prizes. I was feeling nostalgic(怀旧的) because my loved one and I had our first 3 at this center and had 4 small decorations. I noticed a lion and 5 my partner loved them. I asked the young man behind the counter if I could just 6 it without tickets. He said 7 that was not an option.
I decided I needed to 8 350 tickets. I left Tyden at the counter to finish choosing his 9 with his grandma. I bought game coins and entered the game room with all the 10 little faces engaged in fun and 11 . I had just chosen a game I thought I could win when I heard Tyden’s excited voice, “Auntie, Auntie! 12 !”
He pulled the lion out from behind his back and 13 it to me. My eyes 14 up with tears and my heart burst with love. He had 15 that whole conversation and chosen to give instead of 16 whatever he wanted. Before I could thank him, he said, “I wanted you to have it so you didn’t have to spend 17 ‘cause you work so hard.”
I 18 him up, hugged him close, and told him how much I loved his heart, his 19 , and him. I was beyond grateful to have the 20 of his Auntie.
1. A. coins B. opportunities C. patents D. tickets
2. A. bring B. take C. cash D. join
3. A. outcome B. date C. procedure D. trade
4. A. ordered B. managed C. scanned D. exchanged
5. A. remembered B. ignored C. suspected D. realized
6. A. abandon B. purchase C. replace D. withdraw
7. A. inconveniently B. unreasonably C. unfortunately D. ineffectively
8. A. obtain B. sell C. hire D. owe
9. A. game B. room C. prize D. gift
10. A. shocked B. puzzled C. inspired D. delighted
11. A. innocence B. laughter C. ambition D. rudeness
12. A. Stop B. Come C. Look D. Help
13. A. awarded B. limited C. returned D. presented
14. A. welled B. fed C. tied D. put
15. A. reflected on B. listened to C. talked about D. associated with
16. A. demanding B. questioning C. getting D. approving
17. A. time B. energy C. affection D. money
18. A. gathered B. did C. cheered D. caught
19. A. flexibility B. thoughtfulness C. sympathy D. determination
20. A. title B. help C. alternative D. belief
2
When you are stuck on a problem, sometimes it is best to stop thinking about it—consciously, anyway. Research has shown that taking a break or a nap can help the brain create 21 to a solution. Now a new study 22 on the effect of this so-called incubation（潜伏期）by using sound cues to focus the sleeping mind on a targeted problem.
When humans sleep, parts of the brain replay certain memories, strengthening and transforming them. About a decade ago researchers developed a technique, called targeted memory reactivation（TMR）, aimed at further enhancing 23 memories: when a sound becomes associated with a memory and is later played during sleep, that memory gets 24 . In a study published last November in Psychological Science, scientists tested whether 25 the memory of a puzzle during sleep might also improve problem-solving.
About 60 participants visited the laboratory before and after a night of 26 . First, they 27 spatial, verbal and conceptual puzzles, with a distinct music clip repeating in the background for each, until they had worked on six puzzles they could not solve. Overnight they wore electrodes（电极）to detect slow-wave sleep, which may be important for memory enhancement—and a device played the sounds 28 to three of the six unsolved puzzles. The next day, back at the lab, the participants attempted the six puzzles again.（Each repeated the experiment with a different set of puzzles the following night.） All told, the subjects solved 32 percent of the sound-stimulated puzzles compared with 21 percent of the 29 puzzles.
The researchers "very bravely went for quite complex tasks that involved a lot of complex processing, and remarkably they found these really strong effects in all of their 30 ." says Penny Lewis, a psychologist at Cardiff University, who was not involved in the research. "These are supercool results. Now we need to go out and try to understand them by firstly replicating（复制）them and secondly trying to 31 the component processes that are actually being influenced."
Beyond providing new evidence that humans restructure memories while sleeping, the research may have 32 implications. "In a futuristic world, maybe TMR could help us use sleep to work on our problems," says lead author Kristin Sanders, who was a graduate student at Northwestern University during the study. Sleep-monitoring technology is increasingly accessible—and even without devices, prospective solvers can focus on important problems before 33 .
Still, sleep is not 34 ; people need to do their homework and load their heads with the puzzle pieces involved. "I'm not going to solve cancer with this technique," Sanders says, "because I am totally 35 cancer research."
21. A. applications B. commitment C. attention D. pathways
22. A. counts B. expands C. insists D. passes
23. A. treasured B. selected C. devoted D. shortened
24. A. dimmed B. stored C. reactivated D. researched
25. A. neglecting B. examining C. erasing D. revisiting
26. A. sleep B. experiment C. training D. relaxation
27. A. created B. solved C. attempted D. classified
28. A. assigned B. transformed C. explained D. introduced
29. A. unsettled B. untargeted C. unstated D. untested
30. A. puzzles B. brains C. processes D. tasks
31. A. work out B. turn to C. take on D. bring about
32. A. individual B. conceptual C. practical D. collective
33. A. dinner B. dawn C. bed D. schooling
34. A. significant B. magic C. fixed D. possible
35. A. dependent on B. curious about C. interested in D. ignorant of

二、语法填空
1
阅读下列材料，在空白处填入适当内容(1个单词)或填入括号内单词的正确形式。
I felt butterflies in my stomach when I started calligraphy class ten years ago. I wondered what I was doing there. At that moment, I couldn't have known that I'd just made one of the best 36. (choose) of my life.
I sat down and listened to the teacher introducing the tools of the craft. Then 37. was the first time for me that I had tried my hand. I took up the brush, using the correct gesture, 38. (dip) it in the ink, and carefully wrote "one" 39. Chinese.
Over 40. past five years, I have learned to make versions of well-known poems. Calligraphy seemed like a bridge, 41. connected me to authors from centuries past. Stroke(笔画) by stroke, word by word, I could feel their emotions, cherished my own peace and learned 42. (appreciate) my daily life.
Now, calligraphy is not just a hobby, 43. a way to remove myself from the worries of life. Rolling out the paper, I can write for a whole day. Calligraphy 44. (able) me to balance my busy schedule and live 45. (peace).
2
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Students at a primary school in Hangzhou had their first class46. March 1st on movable type. This is47. ancient Chinese printing system.
The West Lake Primary School in Zhejiang Province has introduced the course in the new term. An expert in Chinese characters culture has been invited to the campus，48. major responsibility is to teach students how49. (use) the ancient printing technology. Students attend lectures on the history of mova type along with50. (interest) classes on typesetting and printing. They then print their own document， 51. (apply) the knowledge they’ve learned. One student printed her 52. (new) written essay “Whether the traditional red envelopes kids receive belong to them or their parents?”
53. (know) as one of the four great inventions of ancient China， movable type printing54. (invent) by Bi Sheng in the 1040s during the Song Dynasty， and it is the world’s first system of movable type printing.
The school said the course is aimed at improving the students’ awareness of Chinese characters and their55. (appreciate) of Chinese culture.
3
阅读下面材料,在题后空白处填入适当的内容（每空一词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
In many films, whenever Earth faces a disaster, the 56. （solve） is always fleeing the planet57. spaceship. But now the Chinese sci-fi movie, The Wandering Earth 58. （offer） a different and 59. （encourage） idea. In the film, Earth is being destroyed by the dying sun. In response, humans around the world work together 60. (build) a giant engine system, 61. will push Earth away from the sun. This"ambition" didn't come from nowhere. Up to now “homeland” 62. (have) a soft spot in the hearts and minds of Chinese people. This special cultural background 63. (probable) makes The Wandering Earth different from other films.
The film was released on Feb 5, the first day of Chinese New Year. It was 64. time when many people had just made the hard journey back to 65. (they) hometowns. So there is only one possible way to tell the story： Earth goes wherever humans go,because it's our home.
4
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
The British have been drinking tea for over 350 years. But in fact, the history of tea goes much 66. (far) back.
The story of tea begins in China. According to the legend, the Chinese emperor Shen Nung was sitting 67. a tree while his servant boiled drinking water, when some leaves from the tree blew into the water. Shen Nung, 68. expert in herbal medicine, decided to try the water his servant created. As a result, it tasted so good that later the drink was 69. we now call tea.
It is 70. (possible) to know whether there is any truth in this story. 71. , tea drinking certainly was established in China many centuries before it had even been heard of in the west. Containers of tea 72. (find) in tombs dating from the Han dynasty (206BC-220AD) before tea was firmly established as the national drink of China in the Tang dynasty (618-906AD). It became 73. a favorite thing that during the late eighth century, a writer 74. (call) Lu Yu wrote the first book entirely about tea, the Ch’a Ching, or Tea Classic. It was shortly after this that tea was first introduced to Japan, by Japanese Buddhist monks who had travelled to China to study before. Tea drinking has become a vital part of Japanese culture, 75. may be rooted in the sprit described in the Ch’a Ching.
5
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
No one knows exactly 76. the earth began. However, according to a widely accepted theory, the universe began 77. a “Big Bang”. Then the dust 78. (settle) into a solid globe. As the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface. Many 79. (science) believe that it was the presence of water that allowed the earth to dissolve 80. (harm) gases and acids into oceans and seas, which made it possible for life to develop.
Millions of years later, the first small plants appeared on the surface of the water. Their development 81. (follow) by early shellfish, all sorts of fish, green plants and land animals. Reptiles 82. (produce) young generally by laying eggs while mammals gave birth to young baby animals. Dinosaurs existed on the earth for over 140 million years before they suddenly disappeared. The reason 83. they disappeared still remains a mystery.
Finally, humans appeared and spread all over the earth. But they are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which prevents heat from 84. (escape) from the earth into space. As a result of this, people believe the earth may become too hot to live on. So 85. life will continue on the earth will depend on how this problem can be solved.


参考答案
一、
1
【答案】1. D 2. C 3. B 4. D 5. A 6. B 7. C 8. A 9. C 10. D 11. B 12. C 13. D
14. A 15. B 16. C 17. D 18. A 19. B 20. A
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。“我”陪外甥泰登在当地一家娱乐中心参加另一个外甥的生日聚会，期间发现了自己心爱之人喜欢的小饰品狮子，欲用现金买下。可是游戏中心规定只用积分票，泰登赢得了大量积分票，他没有挑选自己喜欢的奖品。而是为“我”兑换成小饰品狮子。他的善解人意，令“我”感激涕零。
1. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：泰登因为在比赛中得分而赢得了大量的票券，所以我们去把它们兑现，为他挑选奖品。A.coins硬币，钱币；B.opportunities机会；C.patents专利权；D.tickets票。根据“without tickets”可知，此处是指泰登因为在比赛中得分而赢得了大量的票券。故选D。
2. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：泰登因为在比赛中得分而赢得了大量的票券，所以我们去把它们兑现，为他挑选奖品。A.bring带来；B.take带走；C.cash将……兑现；D.join参加。根据常识和“select his prizes”可知，此处是指把票券兑现。故选C。
3. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我很怀旧，因为我的爱人和我的第一次约会就是在这个中心，我们兑换了小装饰品。A.outcome结果；B.date约会；C.procedure程序，手续；D.trade交易。根据“my loved one and I”可知，此处是指第一次约会。故选B。
4. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我很怀旧，因为我的爱人和我的第一次约会就是在这个中心，我们兑换了小装饰品。A.ordered命令；B.managed管理；C.scanned浏览；D.exchanged交换，兑换。根据“cash them in and select his prizes”可知，此处是指用票券兑换奖品。故选D。
5. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我注意到一只狮子，记得我的伴侣很喜欢它们。A.remembered记得；B.ignored忽视；C.suspected怀疑；D.realized实现。根据“my partner loved them”和“I asked the young man behind the counter if I could just purchase it without tickets.”(我问柜台后面的年轻人我没有票券是否可以买下它。)可知，此处是指记得“我”的伴侣很喜欢它们。故选A。
6. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我问柜台后面的年轻人我没有票券是否可以买下它。A.abandon抛弃；B.purchase购买；C.replace代替；D.withdraw取消。根据“without tickets”可知，此处是指没有票券是否可以直接购买奖品。故选B。
7. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：他说，不幸的是，这不是一个选择。A.inconveniently不方便地；B.unreasonably不合理地；C.unfortunately不幸的是；D.ineffectively无效地。根据“that was not an option”可知，无法用现金直接购买奖品，所以这很不幸。故选C。
8. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我决定我需要获得350张票。A.obtain获得；B.sell售卖；C.hire雇佣；D.owe欠。根据“I bought game coins and entered the game room”(我买了游戏币，进了游戏室)可知，“我”决定玩游戏赢票券。故选A。
9. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我把泰登留在柜台和他奶奶一起选奖品。A.game游戏；B.room房间；C.prize奖品；D.gift礼物。根据“select his prizes”可知，此处是指把泰登留在柜台和他奶奶一起选奖品。故选C。
10. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我买了游戏币，走进了游戏室，所有的小脸蛋都沉浸在欢乐和笑声中。A.shocked震惊的；B.puzzled困惑的；C.inspired受启发的；D.delighted快乐的。根据“engaged in fun”可知，此处是指快乐的小脸蛋。故选D。
11. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我买了游戏币，走进了游戏室，所有的小脸蛋都沉浸在欢乐和笑声中。A.innocence天真；B.laughter笑声；C.ambition野心；D.rudeness粗鲁。根据“fun and”可知，此处是指沉浸在欢乐和笑声中。故选B。
12. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：阿姨，阿姨！看！A.Stop停止；B.Come过来；C.Look看；D.Help帮忙。根据“He pulled the lion out from behind his back”(他把狮子从背后拉了出来)可知，此处是指泰登让“我”看他手里的狮子。故选C。
13. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他把狮子从背后拉了出来，交给我。A.awarded把（某物）授予（某人）；B.limited限制；C.returned返回；D.presented赠送。根据“I wanted you to have it”(我想把它给你)可知，此处是指他把狮子送给“我”。故选D。
14. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的眼里噙满了泪水，心里充满了爱。A.welled涌出；B.fed喂养；C.tied系牢，打结；D.put放置。根据“with tears”可知，此处是指因感动而眼里噙满了泪水。故选A。
15. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：他听了整个谈话，选择了给予，而不是得到他想要的。A.reflected on反省；B.listened to听；C.talked about谈论；D.associated with联合。根据“that whole conversation”可知，此处是指他听了“我”和柜台后的年轻人的谈话。故选B。
16. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他听了整个谈话，选择了给予，而不是得到他想要的。A.demanding要求；B.questioning质疑；C.getting得到；D.approving赞同。根据“whatever he wanted”可知，此处是指而不是得到他想要的。故选C。
17. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我想让你拥有它，这样你就不用花钱了，因为你工作很辛苦。A.time时间；B.energy能量；C.affection喜爱，感情；D.money钱。根据“I bought game coins”可知，此处是指这样“我”就不用花钱买游戏币来获得票券了。故选D。
18. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我把他抱起来，紧紧地拥抱他，告诉他我是多么爱他的心，他的体贴，还有他。A.gathered聚集；B.did做；C.cheered欢呼，加油；D.caught抓住。根据“hugged him close”可知，此处是指把他抱起来。gather sb up意为“把某人抱起来”。故选A。
19. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我把他抱起来，紧紧地拥抱他，告诉他我是多么爱他的心，他的体贴，还有他。A.flexibility灵活性；B.thoughtfulness体贴；C.sympathy同情；D.determination决心。根据“I wanted you to have it so you didn’t have to spend money cause you work so hard.”可知，此处是指他的体贴。故选B。
20. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我作为他的阿姨，真是感激不尽。A.title头衔；B.help帮助；C.alternative供替代的选择；D.belief信仰。根据“My nephew Tyden”可知，此处是指“我”有作为他阿姨的头衔。故选A。
2
【答案】21. D 22. B 23. B 24. C 25. D 26. A 27. C 28. A 29. B 30. D
31. A 32. C 33. C 34. B 35. D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项新的研究，该研究通过使用声音线索将睡眠中的大脑集中在一个目标问题上，进一步来研究“潜伏期”的影响。
21. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究表明，休息或小睡可以帮助大脑创造通往解决方案的路径。A. applications申请，应用；B. commitment许诺，承诺；C. attention注意； D. pathways路径，途径。根据后文的to a solution可知，空处应使用pathways，表示“解决问题的途径”。故选D项。
22. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在，一项新的研究通过使用声音线索将睡眠中的大脑集中在一个目标问题上，来扩大研究这种所谓的潜伏期的影响。A. counts数数；B. expands扩展；C. insists坚持；D. passes传递。前文“Research has shown that taking a break or a nap can help the brain create___ ____to a solution.”提到了“潜伏期”的影响。而新的研究应该是扩大研究“潜伏期”的影响。故选B项。
23. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：大约十年前，研究人员开发了一种技术，称为定向记忆再激活(TMR) ，旨在进一步增强选定的记忆：当一个声音与记忆联系起来，然后在睡眠中播放时，记忆就会被激活。A. treasured珍视的，宝贵的；B. selected 挑选的，选定的；C. devoted投入的；D. shortened缩短的。根据前文中的targeted memory reactivation中的targeted可知，空处应填近义词selected。故选B项。
24. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：大约十年前，研究人员开发了一种技术，称为定向记忆再激活(TMR) ，旨在进一步增强选定的记忆：当一个声音与记忆联系起来，然后在睡眠中播放时，记忆就会被激活。A. dimmed使…暗淡；B. stored存储；C. reactivated使恢复活力；D. researched研究。根据前文中的targeted memory reactivation中的reactivation可知，空处应填reactivated。故选C项。
25. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：去年11月发表在《心理科学》杂志上的一项研究中，科学家们测试了是否在睡眠中重温一个谜题的记忆也能提高解决问题的能力。A. neglecting忽视；B. examining检查；C. erasing抹去，消除；D. revisiting再访。根据空后的during sleep可推出，应该是白天没有解出谜题，晚上睡觉时再访（revisit）该记忆。故选D项。
26. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：大约60名参与者在睡觉前后参观了实验室。A. sleep睡觉；B. experiment实验；C. training训练；D. relaxation放松。根据空前的a night of可推知，应该是一夜睡眠（sleep）。后文中的sleep也印证了答案。故选A项。
27. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：首先，他们尝试了空间、语言和概念性的难题，每个难题背景中都有一个独特的音乐片段，直到他们完成了六个他们无法解决的难题。A. created创造；B. solved 解决；C. attempted尝试；D. classified归类。根据后文中的“until they had worked on”可知，在work on之前，他们应该是尝试（attempt）解决谜题。故选C项。
28. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：整整一夜，他们佩戴电极来检测慢波睡眠，这可能对增强记忆很重要--并且一个设备播放分配给六个未解决的谜题中三个的声音。A. assigned分配；B. transformed改变；C. explained解释；D. introduced介绍。be assigned to为固定搭配，意为“分配给…”。故选A项。
29. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：总的来说，受试者解决了32% 的声音刺激的难题，相比之下，只解决了21% 的非靶向性的难题。A. unsettled未解决的；B. untargeted非靶向性的；C. unstated未陈述的；D. untested未检验的。根据前文的compared with可知，空处应使用与sound-stimulated相反的词，untargeted “非靶向性的”，即没有声音刺激的，符合题意。故选B项。
30. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究人员非常勇敢地进行涉及许多复杂处理的相当复杂的任务，并且他们惊人地发现这些在他们所有的任务中真正强大的效果。A. puzzles谜；B. brains脑子；C. processes过程；D. tasks任务。根据空前的tasks可知，空处也应使用tasks，前后叙述一致。故选D项。
31. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：现在，我们需要走出去，首先复制它们，然后试图找出实际上正在受到影响的组件过程，从而试图理解它们。A. work out解决；B. turn to转向…；C. take on承担；D. bring about促成。根据空前的try to understand them可知，空处应使用work out，表达“解决”之意，才能understand them。故选A项。
32. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：除了提供新的证据证明人类在睡眠中重组记忆外，这项研究还可能有实际意义。A. individual个人的；B. conceptual概念的；C. practical 实际的；D. collective集体的，共同的。根据后文的“In a futuristic world, maybe TMR could help us use sleep to work on our problems,”提出的实际意义可知，空处应填practical。故选C项。
33. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：睡眠监测技术正变得越来越容易使用--即使没有设备，未来的解决者也可以在睡前专注于重要的问题。A. dinner晚餐；B. dawn日出；C. bed床；D. schooling学校教育。根据前文的Sleep-monitoring technology中的sleep可知，空处应使用bed。前后语义相关。故选C项。
34. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管如此，睡眠并不是魔法。A. significant重要的；B. magic神奇的，魔法的；C. fixed固定的；D. possible可能的。前文提到了该技术的多种好处，后文 “I'm not going to solve cancer with this technique” 却提到该技术的局限性，因此推测这项技术不是魔法（magic）。故选B项。
35. 考查形容词短语辨析。句意：因为我对癌症研究一无所知。A. dependent on取决于；B. curious about 对…好奇；C. interested in对…感兴趣；D. ignorant of对…无知。根据前文“I'm not going to solve cancer with this technique”可知，Sanders应是对癌症知识不熟悉（ignorant）。故选D项。
二、
1
【答案】36. choices
37. it
38. dipped
39. in
40. the
41. which
42. to appreciate
43. but
44. enables
45. peacefully
【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。讲述了作者从初上书法课的迷茫，到书法课成为自己身边必不可少的一部分的心理历程。
36. 考查名词的数。分析句子结构可知，one of the best后加名词复数，表示“最好的……之一”，故填choices。
37. 考查固定句型。分析句子结构可知，it is/was the+序数词+time that是固定句型，意为“这是第几次……”，故填it。
38. 考查时态。句意：我拿起画笔，用正确的手势蘸了蘸墨水，小心翼翼地用中文写着“一”。结合句意可知，句中的三个动作take up, dip, write是连贯的、并列的，故时态一致，故填dipped。
39. 考查介词。句意：小心翼翼地用中文写着“一”。分析句子结构可知，空处填介词，表示“用……门语言”用介词in，故填in。
40. 考查冠词。句意：在过去的五年里，我学会了翻译一些著名的诗歌。over the past five years意为“在过去的五年里”，表示特指，故填the。
41. 考查定语从句连词。分析句子结构可知，空处填关系代词，在从句中作主语，先行词是a bridge，故填which。
42. 考查动词的固定结构。句意：我可以感受到他们的情绪，珍惜自己的平静，学会欣赏我的日常生活。learn to do sth.意为“学做……”，故填to appreciate。
43. 考查并列连词。句意：现在，书法不仅仅是一种爱好，而是一种让自己摆脱生活烦恼的方式。根据句意可知，not…but…意为“不是……而是……”，故填but。
44. 考查时态和主谓一致。根据句子结构可知，空处填时态，结合语境，此处用一般现在时，且主语是calligraphy，故填enables。
45. 考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处填副词，修饰动词live，故填peacefully。
2
【答案】46. on
47. an
48. whose
49. to use
50. interesting
51. applying
52. newly
53. Known
54. was invented
55. appreciation
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。为了提高学生对汉字的认识和对中国文化的欣赏，浙江省的一所小学开设了一门有关中国印刷文化的课程，并邀请了一位专家来教学生如何使用古老的印刷技术。学生在课上也印刷了属于自己的文件，将所学用于实践。
46. 考查介词。表示具体某一天要用介词on，故填 on。
47. 考查冠词。句意：这是一个古老的中国印刷系统。system为可数名词，在文中为单数形式，所以要填一个冠词修饰system。根据句意这里是泛指“一个系统”，所以用不定冠词修饰。ancient为元音开头，故填an。
48. 考查定语从句。分析可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词An expert in Chinese characters culture指人，空格处在从句中作定语，故用whose引导这个定语从句，故填whose。
49. 考查不定式。句意：一位中国汉字文化专家被邀请到校园，其主要职责是教学生如何使用古老的印刷技术。分析可知，how加空格处作teach的宾语，所以用“特殊疑问词+不定式”结构作宾语，故填to use。
50. 考查形容词。空格处修饰名词classes要用形容词，表示“有趣的”，故填interesting。
51. 考查现在分词。print为句子的谓语动词，所以apply用非谓语形式，apply与其逻辑主语they之间是逻辑上的主动关系，要用其现在分词形式，故填applying。
52. 考查副词。空格处修饰形容词written，应该用所给词的副词形式，故填newly。
53. 考查过去分词。invent为谓语动词，所以know用非谓语形式，know与其逻辑主语movable type printing之间是逻辑上的被动关系，所以用其过去分词作伴随状语，故填Known。
54. 考查语态和时态。invent是句子的谓语，和主语movable type printing是被动关系，根据时间状语in the 1040s during the Song Dynasty可知，动作发生在过去，所以要用一般过去时。movable type printing为单数，谓语动词也要用单数。故填was invented。
55. 考查名词。their后要接名词，故填appreciation。
3
【答案】56. solution
57. by
58. offers/is offering
59. encouraging
60. to build
61. which
62. has had
63. probably
64. a
65. their
【解析】这篇文章是说明文。主要介绍了电影流浪地球的相关内容。
56. 考查名词。根据前文的定冠词，可知此处应为名词，所以填solve的名词形式solution。故填solution。
57. 考查介词。句意:地球有灾难的时候通过宇宙飞船逃离这个星球。by通过...的方式，故填by。
58. 考查动词时态和主谓一致。主语是the wandering earth，单数，后面动词应该是第三人称单数，所以是is offering或者是offers。故填offers/is offering。
59. 考查动名词做定语。句意:流浪地球这部电影提供了一个与众不同并且鼓舞人心的想法。idea缺少修饰词，所以用encouraging作定语修饰。故填encouraging。
60. 考查不定式的用法。前文已经有work作为谓语，此处用不定式作目的状语。故填to build。
61. 考查非限定性定语从句。句意:全世界的人一起工作来建造一个可以把地球发射出太阳系的巨型机械系统。先行词是system，为物，非限制性定语从句只能用which在从句中做主语。故填which。
62. 考查现在完成时。句意:时至今日，家园这个词已经成为中国人心里最柔软的地方。时间状语up to now直到今日，这是典型的现在完成时时间状语。故填has had。
63. 考查副词。句意:这个特殊的文化背景或许使得流浪地球与其他电影不同。probably副词修饰后面的动词makes。故填probably。
64. 考查冠词的用法以及固定句型。句意:这是许多人经过辛苦的漂泊回到自己家乡的时代。it is a time when...为固定句式，意为“...的时代”应该是用不定冠词a。故填a。
65. 考查形容词性物主代词。hometown前面缺定语，所以应该用形容词性物主代词their来做定语。故填their。
4
【答案】66. further
67. under/beneath
68. an
69. what
70. impossible
71. However
72. had been found
73. such
74. called
75. which
【解析】这是一篇说明文。说明了茶的起源、发展以及传播。
66. 考查形容词比较级。句意：但事实上，茶的历史可以追溯到更久远的年代。此处表示“（程度上）更远”，应用形容词比较级further。
67. 考查介词。句意：据传说，中国的神农皇帝坐在一棵树下，他的仆人正在烧水喝，这时树上的一些叶子被吹到了水里。表示“在……下面”，故填介词under/beneath。
68. 考查冠词。句意：神农是一位草药专家，他决定试试仆人发明的水。expert为可数名词，此处表示泛指“一位专家”，且expert为元音音素开头的单词，故填an。
69. 考查连接词。句意：结果，它尝起来很好，后来这种饮料就是我们现在所说的茶。本句为表语从句，从句中缺少宾语，指物，故填what。
70. 考查形容词。句意：不可能知道这个故事是否真实。表示“不可能”，故填impossible。
71. 考查连词。句意：然而，饮茶在西方闻所未闻的几百年前就已经在中国确立了。根据上下文语境为转折关系，故填However。
72. 考查动词的时态和语态。句意：早在唐代茶被确定为中国的国酒之前，人们就在汉代(公元前206年-公元220年)的墓葬中发现了盛茶的容器。“发现容器”发生在“tea was firmly established”之前，即为“过去的过去”故用过去完成时，且主语与谓语构成被动关系，故填had been found。
73. 考查固定句式。句意：它成为如此受欢迎的事情，以至于在8世纪末，一位名叫陆羽的作家写了第一本完全关于茶的书，《茶经》。固定句式so/such…that…“如此……以致于……”，且根据下文a favorite thing为名词需要such修饰，故填such。
74. 考查非谓语动词。本句已经存在谓语动词且句中没有连词，故call只能作非谓语动词与逻辑主语Lu Yu构成被动关系，故填过去分词called。
75. 考查定语从句连接词。句意：饮茶已经成为日本文化的一个重要组成部分，这可能源于《茶经》中描述的精神。本句为非限定性定语从句修饰上文整个句子，且从句缺少主语，故填which。
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【答案】76. how
77. with
78. settled
79. scientists
80. harmful
81. was followed
82. produced
83. why
84. escaping
85. whether
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章描述了地球上生命如何开始的经过。
76. 考查连接词。句意：没有人确切地知道地球是如何开始的。本句为宾语从句，且从句中缺少方式状语，故填how。
77. 考查介词。句意：然而，根据一个被广泛接受的理论，宇宙始于一次“大爆炸”。短语begin with“以……开始；开始于……”故填with。
78. 考查动词时态。句意：然后尘埃落进了一个坚固的球体。根据上下文语境可知为描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，故填settled。
79. 考查名词的数。句意：许多科学家认为，正是水的存在使地球能够将有害气体和酸溶解到海洋中，从而使生命得以发展。根据句意可知应填scientist“科学家”且由many修饰，故填名词复数形式scientists。
80. 考查形容词。gases为名词需要形容词修饰，故填harmful。
81. 考查动词时态语态。句意：他们的发展之后，早期贝类，各种鱼类，绿色植物和陆地动物。描述过去发生的事情应用一般过去时，且主语development与谓语动词构成被动关系。故填一般过去时的被动语态was followed。
82. 考查动词时态。句意：爬行动物通常通过产卵繁殖后代，而哺乳动物则生下幼小的动物宝宝。根据下文mammals gave birth to young baby animals可知应用一般过去时，故填produced。
83. 考查定语从句连词。句意：他们消失的原因仍然是个谜。固定句型the reason why…表示“……的原因”，reason后的句子为定语从句，从句缺状语，用关系副词why。
84. 考查非谓语动词。句意：但是他们向大气中排放了太多的二氧化碳，这阻止了热量从地球逃逸到太空。from为介词后跟动名词做宾语，故填escaping。
85. 考查连接词。句意：因此，地球上的生命能否继续将取决于如何解决这个问题。本句为主语从句，从句中不缺少成分，且表示“是否”，故填whether。