(新高考)高考英语二轮复习课时精炼考向32 完形填空之说明文类(2份打包，解析版+原卷版)

这是一份(新高考)高考英语二轮复习课时精炼考向32 完形填空之说明文类(2份打包，解析版+原卷版)，文件包含新高考高考英语二轮复习课时精炼考向32完形填空之说明文类解析版doc、新高考高考英语二轮复习课时精炼考向32完形填空之说明文类原卷版doc等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共34页， 欢迎下载使用。

考向32 完形填空之说明文类
文体分析
说明文是一种以说明为主要表达方式的文章体裁。它通过对实体事物科学的解说，对客观事物做出说明或对抽象的阐释，使人们对事物的形态、构造、性质、种类、成因、功能，关系或对事理的概念、特点、、演变、异同等科学地认识，从而获得有关的知识。下面是收集的说明文的基本特征，希望对您有所帮助！
1、内容的确定性
说明文是以传输知识为目的的文体。而任何知识都必须有确定的内容。确定的内容有二：一是确定的对象，一是确定的要点。凡是知识总是关于一定事物、一定对象的。所以说明首先要明确说明的对象。确定的要点指说明内容的基本范围，作者说明的着眼点。说明的对象表明作者所说明的特定的事物，但特定的事物是一个整体，要介绍有关它的知识不能只作空泛的陈述，必须确定说明内容的具体范围即着眼点。有几处着眼点，就有多大的说明范围。说明的要点常表现为某些方面。一般说来，事物的属性有7个方面：形状、特性（性质）、构造、成因、关系、功能、方法。说明的要点也表现为不同的角度、类别、阶段、部位等，这些就是人们认识事物的观察点、出发点。当说明的内容确定为该事物的某个方面以后，说明的角度、部位等就成了更加具体的说明范围。
2、顺序的条理性
说明的内容最后确定在说明的要点上。当说明的要点不止一个或同一要点有不同的角度、类别等的时候，就有一个先后顺序的问题。记叙也有顺序。但它包含在事件的因果相连的链条中。无论任何事件，都有它的起因、发展和结果；无论顺叙倒叙，它们都是事件本身的顺序。议论也有顺序，但它主要包含在证明的过程中。而且，议论的顺序与说明的顺序有着很多相通的地方。所以，研究说明的顺序对我们自觉地认识议论的顺序也有着十分重要的参考价值。
说明的顺序尽管复杂，但也是有规律可寻的。总的来看，说明顺序有3种：方位顺序、时间顺序、逻辑事理顺序。逻辑事理，这是概括说法。凡在方位和时间之外的顺序都是逻辑事理顺序。如简单与复杂，主要与次要，一般与个别，概括与具体，原因与结果等。
3、语言的科学性
说明文以传播知识为目的。这就决定了说明文的语言要具有科学性。
（1）真实。对事物有关知识的说明不能夸大或缩小，更不能弄虑作假，必须持实事求是的态度。
（2）准确。准确也是真实，但它重在选用词语的恰如其分上。
（3）简明。就是简洁、明晰，不罗苏，不含糊，用精练的语言把意思表达的清清楚楚。
（4）周密。所谓周密，就是严密，没有疏漏，无懈可击。
（5）客观。所谓客观，指在语言表达中，不能携带作者的思想感情。它要求无褒无贬，冷静地观察事物，用平实地语言进行表达。这一点，正好同记叙的语言形成对比。记叙的语言具有鲜明的情感性，而说明的语言则无需表达作者的感情。如果说有感情的话，也只能说是零度感情。
题型分析
说明文的写作目的是授人以知，让人明白，说明文只是说明事物的特征，阐明原理，介绍知识。说明文完形填空的结构模式一般是：提出问题——发现直接原因——分析深层原因——得出结论或提出解决方案。
一、命题解读
说明文类完形填空题常就某一个问题从不同的角度来加以说明，文章可以是用来说明某一种社会现象、一个产品的制作过程、一种产品的使用方法、某个科学成就或人类生活中所面临的某个具体的难题。说明文所呈现的方式较为单一，作者往往一开始就交代说明的对象，然后再从不同的角度进行说明。因此，这类文章的每一段通常就是其中的一个角度或侧面，所以要注意概括每一个段落的主旨大意，尤其是文章每一段的开头或结尾，作者往往会对说明的话题进行概括说明。说明文类的完形填空的特征如下：
1.文章多用现在时态
说明文通常是对客观事物或实例的介绍与说明，与时间的变化关系不大，所以文章常用现在时态。
2.语言简练、平实、准确，常采用客观描述
说明文的目的主要是帮助读者认清事物，明白事理，所以语言简练、平实、易于理解，内容客观真实，很少含有带感情的词汇。
3.文章主题明确，层次分明
说明文类完形填空往往在文章开头就点明说明对象，从而为学生们把握文章主题提供了有利条件。而且，作者借助合理的说明顺序展开文章，使文章结构清晰，层次分明。
二、应试策略
1. 利用说明文的首句查找说明主体
2. 把握说明文的两种结构模式
(1)总分式。包括＂总—分＂＂分—总＂＂总—分—总＂等具体形式。
(2)递进式。事理说明文多用递进式结构，一层一层地剖析事理。具体包括：空间顺序——从上到下、从外到内、从左到右、从南到北、从远到近、从中间到四周、从整体到部分；时间顺序——按照时间先后顺序来安排，事物都有发生、发展、消亡的过程；逻辑顺序——有些说明文主要是剖析事理的，在说明时就按照事理的逻辑关系进行安排，或者从主到次、从浅到深、从原因到结果，具有严密的条理性。
三、解题步骤
1.利用说明文首句，明确说明对象
【典例示例】
Imagine the first days in a new time zone . Slow to respond to the 28______ , your body clock is confused. You're sleepy all day, but when it's time for bed, you can hardly fall asleep. Obviously you're 29 _________jet lag(时差反应）.
28.A.flight B. change C. demand D. climate
【解析】：下文的“jet lag(时差反应）”说明，在旅行时要适应时差。
29.A.suffering from B. working on C. looking into D. leading to
【解析】：上文的“hardly fall asleep”说明人们常常不能顺利地倒时差；suffer from“受折磨”。
【答案】：28.B29.A
2.关注内在联系，把握说明顺序
常见的说明顺序有时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序（如因果关系、果因关系、先主后次等）和认识顺序（如由此及彼、由浅入深、由局部到整体、由现象到本质、由具体到抽象等）。
【典例示例】
How long can human beings live? Most scientists who study old age think that the human body is 1 _______to live no longer than 120 years. However,110 years is probably the longest that anyone could hope to live-if he or she is 2_______ healthy and lucky. Some scientists even say we can live as long as 130 years! Yet, our cells simply cannot continue to reproduce 3_______. They wear out, and as a result , we get old and 4 die .
1.A.designed B. selected C. improved D. discovered
【解析】：此处表示我们人体的设计就是最长活到120岁。design“设计”。
2.A.completely B. generally C. apparently D. extremely
【解析】：根据上下文可知，此处表示110岁很可能是任何一个人可能会希望活的最长的时间了——如果一个人极其健康和幸运的话，extremely“极度，极其”。
3.A.rapidly B. harmlessly C. endlessly D. separately
【解析】：这里表示人类细胞不能永无止境地自我繁殖，所以人才会变老。endlessly“无止况地，无限地”。
4.A.eventually B. hopelessly C. automatically D. desperately
【解析】：get old的最终结果就是死亡，因此用eventually表示“最终”。
【答案】：1.A2.D3.C4.A
3.逐句精读短文，逐题分析选项
对特定的语境作深入的理解，克服“思维定式”，根据全文大意和文不离句、句不离文的原则逐项选择。针对说明文独有的文体特点，解答时一定要注意从上下文意义、惯用法、固定搭配、逻辑推理、常识等角度去考虑和判断，并注意其内在联系。
【检测训练】
1
There are good stories to be found in nearly every volunteer experience. But Laurie Scott is positive that 1 an exchange student produces some of the greatest.
As a long-time volunteer with an agency that helps 2 students connect with warm and caring 3 during their time in the US, Scot sees first-hand both the humor and the very deeply meaningful outcomes. Scott 4 Christine, for example, a student from Norway. 5 at a restaurant one day, Christine was asked if she wanted a soup or salad. The girl turned to Scott with 6 , “Why would I want a super salad?” Trying not to laugh too hard, Scott 7 that what the waiter had asked was whether she wanted “soup or salad”.
Scott and her husband 8 volunteered to be a host family in August 2003. They had just moved to Las Vegas, and she was looking for a way to get connected in the community. “The concept of helping 9 world peace through understanding is what makes me 10 . Through the agency I have found the best part of my community in our great families and have been able to share the 11 side of the US with our students.”
Time and again, her 12 to service has opened hearts. In fact, she says, one of their amazing experiences came from 13 one hosted student, a young man from Germany named Jens, about how Americans volunteer. In Germany, where young people are 14 to spend a year serving in the army, volunteer service is 15 . Therefore, Jens was so 16 by the concept of giving that he 17 the agency to help promote exchanges, and became very involved with local schools.
18 all stories that come out of international exchange, there’s a (an) 19 in this one: Opening our hearts and 20 is something we can all do.
1. A. adopting B. hosting C. raising D. teaching
2. A. international B. promising C. needy D. urban
3. A. relatives B. colleges C. houses D. friends
4. A. misses B. remembers C. praises D. loves
5. A. Queuing B. Working C. Calling D. Ordering
6. A. surprise B. anger C. delight D. fear
7. A. announced B. realised C. explained D. concluded
8. A. obviously B. frequently C. probably D. originally
9. A. make up B. give away C. take over D. bring about
10. A. talented B. involved C. organized D. relaxed
11. A. familiar B. flexible C. positive D. controversial
12. A. sacrifice B. devotion C. response D. addiction
13. A. teaching B. reminding C. questioning D. warning
14. A. required B. advised C. determined D. considered
15. A. compulsory B. widespread C. valid D. unusual
16. A. frightened B. relieved C. attracted D. challenged
17. A. founded B. inspired C. joined D. permitted
18. A. Except B. Like C. Rather than D. Regardless of
19. A. difference B. anecdote C. amusement D. lesson
20. A. minds B. homes C. eyes D. schools
2
Raegan Lawrence is an 11-year-old student and band member at Bonaire Middle School, in central Georgia, USA. Over the past several months, she has used the grief (悲痛) and stress 21 by the COVID-19 pandemic to 22 her best and help others in the process.
The COVID-19 pandemic has been very 23 to Raegan and her family. She lost two of her aunts as well as her great grandfather to the 24 . And she hasn’t been able to visit some of her 25 such as her grandfather.
Feeling constantly sad, she 26 to find out what she could do to make things 27 . While thinking about ways she could 28 , her band began to sell “the world’s finest chocolate bars” to raise funds.
This gave her a(n) 29 — why not buy the world’s finest chocolate bars to 30 the world’s finest people? In her mind, the finest people in the world are the healthcare workers, firemen, and first responders who have 31 themselves during this pandemic to helping others while putting themselves in 32 .
And sell she did! While Reagan is typically a 33 person, this did not stop her from promoting sales of her candy bars and then using the money 34 to buy bars for first responders. She also 35 to take all the money she had in savings from Christmas, her birthday and other gifts to buy chocolate bars for the world’s finest people.
In all, Raegan 36 over 400 bars. The first responders that received them were 37 not just for the world’s finest chocolate, but the 38 and caring actions of one of the world’s finest 11-year-old girls!
Raegan Lawrence’s story has 39 many others to help those in need during this 40 moment.
21. A. released B. caused C. damaged D. controlled
22. A. avoid B. catch C. look for D. bring out
23. A. typical B. strange C. cruel D. normal
24. A. virus B. worm C. public D. hospital
25. A. relatives B. classmates C. friends D. doctors
26. A. hesitated B. agreed C. struggled D. preferred
27. A. heavier B. higher C. clearer D. better
28. A. help B. stay C. share D. show
29. A. privilege B. excuse C. idea D. advantage
30. A. evaluate B. reward C. respect D. protect
31. A. devoted B. limited C. abandoned D. attached
32. A. silence B. stress C. comfort D. danger
33. A. stubborn B. brave C. shy D. patient
34. A. obtained B. borrowed C. found D. changed
35. A. afforded B. decided C. refused D. expected
36. A. tried out B. stored up C. broke off D. gave away
37. A. fit B. grateful C. responsible D. famous
38. A. humorous B. generous C. traditional D. honest
39. A. invited B. persuaded C. inspired D. required
40. A. necessary B. fruitful C. pleasant D. challenging
3
When my daughter, Mia, was invited to a kids’ pool party, my heart sunk. My 41 sometimes got in the way of me doing activities with her.
There were moments that should have 42 as a warning, like the family party where I had frightening heart palpitations(心悸) and saw Mia looking at me in 43 , but I just nut it to the back of my 44 .
One day, one close friend 45 me, “Seriously, you are the biggest YOU I’ve ever seen. So, from now on you’re coming to the Slimming World group with me.” Later, her words 46 in my mind. There I was, aged 33, overweight and starting to have heart 47 . What would Mia do if she lost her dad?
48 , I was pulled into the group. With the consultant’s explanation of the eating plan, I started a dinner with lots of vegetables. The next week, I was 49 to find I’d lost 6 pounds—this might actually 50 !
With more confidence, I decided to practise swimming, 51 one day being a body-confident dad, splashing(戏水) around 52 at a pool party with Mia. As I 53 my swimming distance, my weight loss become even 54 . Mia loved seeing the change in me and the 55 shone on her face.
I’m also proud of myself for turning my life around, for Mia.
41. A. weight B. sight C. height D. look
42. A. escaped B. served C. stopped D. disappeared
43. A. joy B. excitement C. curiosity D. horror
44. A. neck B. hand C. mind D. shoulder2
45. A. taught B. laughed C. asked D. warned
46. A. worked B. circled C. woke D. rose
47. A. examinations B. functions C. problems D. researches
48. A. Immediately B. Calmly C. Gradually D. Fairly
49. A. upset B. sad C. amazed D. nervous
50. A. fade away B. settle down C. break out D. pay off
51. A. imagining B. forgetting C. admitting D. worrying
52. A. slowly B. happily C. secretly D. cautiously
53. A. observed B. predicted C. increased D. measured
54. A. evident B. dull C. reliable D. strange
55. A. anger B. anxiety C. fear D. pride
4
Have you ever lost something precious and thought you’d never get it back? A woman named Thomas from Oregon found a bag from a bargain shop. However, little did she know that bag would change someone’s life for the 56 .
It looked brand-new so she bought it without 57 . After making it home, she noticed something interesting and turned it over to 58 , and something heavy moved. She started to think negative thoughts in fear of what was left there. Thomas also 59 why the last owner would throw away such a valuable item. Curiously, she 60 further down through a hole in the lining (衬布). Slowly she pulled a brand-new 61 out with astonishment! That left her 62 more questions. For example, who did it on earth 63 ? On seeing picture after picture, she assumed it was a mother and her child, 64 that such a loss must have got a mother upset all her life. Therefore, she shared the photos online, hoping someone would 65 them! Meanwhile, she doubted whether they remained here.
66 , the owner Conner was nearby. Thomas 67 her that she had her camera with timeless photos. She nearly burst into tears the moment she saw the photos Thomas sent her. Thomas arranged a(n) 68 with Conner. “Thank you! It never occur to me that my camera should return to my 69 ; after all, seven years.” Conner blurted (脱口而出) as she walked up to Thomas with 70 . Thanks to Thomas, all her past memories were back in her hands and heart.
56. A. richer B. better C. easier D. harder
57. A. doubt B. mercy C. hesitation D. regret
58. A. examine B. open C. match D. sew
59. A. understood B. reflected C. recalled D. wondered
60. A. looked B. reached C. bent D. stretched
61. A. camera B. photo C. record D. phone
62. A. with B. off C. into D. beyond
63. A. take to B. stick to C. belong to D. respond to
64. A. anxious B. aware C. curious D. sensitive
65. A. recognize B. confirm C. contact D. observe
66. A. Unfortunately B. Eventually C. Hopefully D. Thankfully
67. A. begged B. reminded C. informed D. convinced
68. A. meeting B. interview C. celebration D. conference
69. A. charge B. possession C. name D. collection
70. A. dignity B. surprise C. relief D. excitement
5
My family went on holiday for a week this summer. I was surprised to learn the sleeping 71 for the night — my young daughter had agreed to sleep in a first-floor bedroom by herself.
As we 72 , we discussed the deer we had 73 on our way. “I hope we could see a bear or two this 74 !” my wife shouted. At bedtime, my wife and I went to the upstairs room, and my parents-in-law (岳父母) headed for a 75 on the first floor. My wife and I were about to sleep when our daughter appeared with a/an 76 look on her face. She said a 77 was scratching (刮出刺耳声) at her window. I decided it would be best if I slept downstairs and my daughter shared the room with my wife.
On my way down, I passed my father-in-law, asleep in front of the 78 .
I was in bed only a few minutes when I heard a tap … tap on the window outside. Something was indeed out there. 79 , it wasn’t a bear — I told myself. I fell asleep soon. Some time later, I was 80 by a strange sound. I saw a large 81 in the doorway and froze as it 82 closer to me. I realized what it was — only after my father in-law bent down to give me a kiss. “It’s David.” My father-in-law jumped back. We laughed 83 at the awkward moment, and I explained his granddaughter’s bedroom 84 . I told him that the only thing 85 than a bear attack was Papa Bear coming in to kiss me good-night.
71. A. schedules B. arrangements C. plots D. routines
72. A. settled in B. broke in C. looked down D. calmed down
73. A. shot B. hunted C. trained D. spotted
74. A. evening B. week C. month D. year
75. A. study B. kitchen C. bedroom D. bathroom
76. A. worried B. embarrassed C. delighted D. satisfied
77. A. dog B. deer C. cat D. bear
78. A. house B. television C. door D. fire
79. A. Besides B. Therefore C. Otherwise D. However
80. A. awakened B. interrupted C. impressed D. struck
81. A. figure B. person C. animal D. ghost
82. A. climbed B. jumped C. inched D. rolled
83. A. eagerly B. sincerely C. secretly D. nervously
84. A. preference B. switch C. difference D. choice
85. A. prettier B. funnier C. scarier D. stranger
6
He loves visiting with the people on his route and is always looking for ways to help the neighborhood during his more than 12-hour long shifts.
So, when the 86 in his Georgia community moved entirely online in the spring, Finley, or “Mr. Adam” as the kids call him, couldn’t help but feel 87 for the students stuck inside all day; some going 88 or months without seeing their classmates 89 .
One day during his daily route in Stone Mountain, Finley decided to do something to help 90 the spirits of the Jones sisters, Eva, 7, and Aria, 6. “These girls haven’t been able to go to school or see their 91 all year,” Finley told CNN. “I thought, ‘What can I do to bring a smile to their faces? Something different, something to bring some excitement for the day. ”
After checking with the girls’ parents, Finley 92 some cards out of his pocket and started the first of many games of Tic-tac-toe(井字棋).
It was an instant 93 .
Every morning for the next few weeks, Eva and Aria would run out to the 94 to make their strategic moves, leave the cards in the mailbox, and wait for “Mr. Adam” to make his 95 when he returned with their mail the following day.
Finley says he would let the girls win so he can reward them with a 96 . “They are always so excited to win,” Finley said. “I’ve surprised them with gift cards for ice cream, flavored popcorn, anything to make them 97 .”
Finley, who has two grown children of his own, says he feels for the young kids not being able to 98 the joys of in-person school this year. “When it’s 7:30 in the morning and those girls are all excited waving at the door, that’s my 99 ,” he said.
“It was what they 100 every morning, seeing what move he would make,” the girls’ mother, Erin Jones, told CNN. Jones said that although 2020 has been tough she is grateful for the 101 it taught her and her family about 102 the small moments in life.
“Insignificant moments of ‘normal’ are now extremely important,” Jones said. “The USPS (美国邮局) may have had a hard year, but there’s no doubt in the Jones house that the Christmas spirit is 103 and well because of one of their best 104 ,” she added. “Thank you, Mr. Adam, for bringing such 105 to such a dark year. ”
Nowadays Finley is playing the game with other neighborhood kids.
86. A. mails B. schools C. factories D. communities
87. A. sorry B. excited C. grateful D. ashamed
88. A. seconds B. days C. weeks D. centuries
89. A. on purpose B. by accident C. at once D. in person
90. A. upset B. control C. lift D. develop
91. A. classmates B. relatives C. parents D. scholars
92. A. drew B. put C. hid D. persuaded
93. A. game B. hit C. incident D. entertainment
94. A. house B. mailbox C. vehicle D. classroom
95. A. move B. decision C. suggestions D. comments
96. A. book B. prize C. trip D. Tic-tac-toe
97. A. calm B. proud C. smile D. sigh
98. A. observe B. satisfy C. sacrifice D. experience
99. A. misfortune B. disbelief C. program D. reward
100. A. was afraid of B. was ashamed of
C. looked up to D. looked forward to
101. A. information B. lesson C. knowledge D. policy
102. A. appreciating B. recording C. recalling D. confirming
103. A. awkward B. annoyed C. alive D. anxious
104. A. customers B. colleagues C. citizens D. employees
105. A. concept B. promise C. light D. virtue