(新高考)高考英语二轮复习课时精炼考向34 完形填空之夹叙夹议(2份打包，解析版+原卷版)

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考向34 完形填空之夹叙夹议
文体分析
一般说来，“夹叙夹议”中的“叙”常见的有三种情况：记叙性叙述、描写性叙述和议论性叙述。记叙性叙述带有很强的叙事性。描写性叙述有浓厚的描写色彩。议论性叙述往往由几个事例构成，常采用排比的句式，酣畅淋漓，大气磅礴，表达出飞扬的激情和深邃的思想，极具感染力。这种“叙”难说是叙还是议，实际上是理性化的叙述，叙议一体，渗透了作者的思想与情感。这三种叙述方法，记叙性叙述要把事件的过程写清楚，适合举一个事例时使用；描写性叙述要有对人物和情节的想像再造，适合对一个场景或情境的描述；议论性叙述要选择几个相关的事例，具有概括性，适合列举一组典型事例时使用。
“议”是“夹叙夹议”语段的核心、灵魂，是事例叙述的意义之所在。“议”，有四种常见的议论方式。
（1）分析性议论。这是一种最常见的议论形式，是对叙述的事例加以分析，揭示事例的内涵，阐释事例的意义，透析事例的实质，使读者能够悟道明理。
（2）感悟性议论。这种议论在叙述事例之后生发开去，着重表达作者的感想和领悟。
（3）联想性议论。由事例引发联想，由此及彼，联想到过去、现实、未来，联想到包含着类似道理的事例，表达出作者对客观世界的一种认知。
（4）对比性议论。先是对所叙述的事例阐述、挖掘，然后再举出事例与之比较分析，找出二者的相同点或不同点，通过对比，孰优孰劣，褒贬分明。
题型分析

一、题型解读
在夹叙夹议形式的完形填空中,作者首先叙述一件事,然后就此事提出自己的见解或由此事引出一个深刻的社会主题。夹叙夹议类型的完形填空常见的有以下三种形式：
1.先叙述最后得出结论
首先作者讲述一个事件，并且利用了主要的篇幅讲述整个事件的发生、发展、高潮、结局，然后作者就此展开议论，或者阐述一个深刻的社会热点，或者自己对生活的感悟等。
2.先议论再叙述
这也是我们平时见得比较多的完形填空类型。文章首先提出一个深刻的社会话题，或者提出一个人生哲理，然后通过一个事件来印证这个深刻的道理，让人们在具体的事例中体会作者的观点。
3.叙述议论多方结合
这一类文章包括“议论＋叙述＋议论”型、“叙述＋议论＋叙述＋议论”型。这两种模式都可以概括为多层叙述与议论。也就是针对每一部分论点用事例说明，然后再提出论点再进行论证，或者采用叙述，然后议论的形式。
二、解答技巧
夹叙夹议型文章的思路跳跃性强,按照一般的命题要求,文章的首句或者是一个完整的富有哲理的句子,这个句子不容忽视,往往是全文的关键句,甚至是文章的主题；或者是一小段叙述文,作者下文要对此展开议论。夹叙夹议文的主题明确,那就是告诉读者一个道理。因此,正确理解首句和开头段落以及它们在文章中的作用是非常重要的。
夹叙夹议型完形填空是记叙和议论在文中交错运用,这样,不但可以大大充实文章的内容,而且能增强文章的说服力,从而既易于读者理解,又引发读者思考。只要抓住文章的线索,弄明白文章的逻辑关系,就能确定比较明确的、直接的答案。
夹叙夹议型文章的基本结构模式是：①用一段概括性的话引入要叙述的经历(话题)；②叙述先前的经历及其感悟或发现；③叙述接下来的经历及其感悟或发现；④作出总结或结论。文章通常使用对比、附加、强调、让步、举例、结论、顺序和对照等手段。因此考生应注意观察文章的结构特点,根据故事情节的发展模式,确定恰当的衔接词。常见的语篇标志词有：表示逻辑关系的,如thus,therefore,so,though等；表示改变话题的,如by the way等；表示递进关系的,如besides,further,furthermore,what is more等。
【典例示例】 (2019·全国卷I)
Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa. They 41 with them lots of waste. The 42 might damage the beauty of the place. The glaciers（冰川）are disappearing, changing the 43 of Kilimanjaro.
Hearing these stories, I’m 44 about the place — other destinations are described as “purer” natural experiences.
However, I soon 45 that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of 46 among tons of rubbish. I find a 47 mountain, with toilets at camps and along the paths. The environmental challenges are 48 but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be 49 .
The best of a Kilimanjaro 50 , in my opinion, isn’t reaching the top. Mountains are 51 as spiritual places by many cultures. This 52 is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as 53 go through five ecosystems（生态系统）in the space of a few kilometers. At the base is a rainforest. It ends abruptly at 3, 000 meters, 54 lands of low growing plants. Further up, the weather 55 — low clouds envelope the mountainsides, which are covered with thick grass. I 56 twelve shades of green from where I stand. Above 4, 000 meters is the highland 57 : gravel（砾石）, stones and rocks. 58 you climb into an arctic-like zone with 59 snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear.
Does Kilimanjaro 60 its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace？I found the opposite to be true.
41. A. keep B. mix C. connect D. bring
42. A. stories B. buildings C. crowds D. reporters
43. A. position B. age C. face D. name
44. A. silent B. skeptical C. serious D. crazy
45. A. discover B. argue C. decide D. advocate
46. A. equipment B. grass C. camps D. stones
47. A. remote B. quiet C. all D. clean
48. A. new B. special C. significant D. necessary
49. A. paying off B. spreading out C. blowing up D. fading away
50. A. atmosphere B. experience C. experiment D. sight
51. A. studied B. observed C. explored D. regarded
52. A. view B. quality C. reason D. purpose
53. A. scientists B. climbers C. locals D. officials
54. A. holding on to B. going back to C. living up to D. giving way to
55. A. changes B. clears C. improves D. permits
56. A. match B. imagine C. count D. add
57. A. village B. desert C. road D. lake
58. A. Obviously B. Easily C. Consequently D. Finally
59. A. permanent B. little C. fresh D. artificial
60. A. enjoy B. deserve C. save D. acquire
【文章大意】文章讲述了乞力马扎罗山的特征以及与之相关的环境问题。
41.D
【解析】A. keep保持；B. mix混合；C. connect联系；D. bring带来。句意：他们带来了很多的垃圾。由“lots of waste”可知，登山者带来了很多的垃圾。故D选项切题。
【考点】动词辨析
42.C
【解析】A. stories故事；B. buildings建筑物；C. crowds人群；D. reporters记者。句意：人群可能会破坏这个地方的美。由“40,000”可知，这是一个庞大的群体。故C选项切题。
【考点】名词辨析
43.C
【解析】A. position位置；B. age年龄；C. face外貌，表面；D. name名字。句意：冰川正在消失，改变着乞力马扎罗山的地貌。冰川是乞力马扎罗山的地貌之一，所以冰山融化会改变它的地貌。故C选项切题。
【考点】名词辨析
44.B
【解析】A. silent沉默的；B. skepetical怀疑的；C. serious严肃的；D. crazy疯狂的。句意：听到这些故事，我对这个地方产生了怀疑——其他旅游地被描述为“更纯粹”的自然体验。由下文可知，作者亲自来到了乞力马扎罗山，作者想解开这个怀疑。故B选项切题。
【考点】形容词辨析
45.A
【解析】A. discover发现；B. argue争论；C. decide决定；D. advocate提倡。句意：然而，我很快发现，自从那些令人不安的关于营地周围有成吨的垃圾的报道出现以来，情况发生了很大的变化。由“much has changed”可知，作者发现了很大的变化。故A选项切题。
【考点】动词辨析
46.C
【解析】A. equipment装备；B. grass草；C. camps营地；D. stone石头。句意：我很快发现，自从那些令人不安的关于营地周围有成吨的垃圾的报道出现以来，情况发生了很大的变化。由下文“at camps”可知，本句属于原词再现。故C选项切题。
【考点】名词辨析
47.D
【解析】A. remote遥远的；B. quiet安静的；C. tall高的；D. clean干净的。句意：我发现了一座干净的山，营地里和路边都有厕所。由“with tolilet at camps and along the paths”可知，营地里和路边都有厕所，所以这是一座干净的山。故D选项切题。
【考点】形容词辨析
48.C
【解析】A. new新的；B. special特殊的；C. significant重大的；D. necessary必要的。句意：环境挑战是巨大的，但坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局所做的努力似乎正在得到回报。根据前文可知，很多的登山者来到乞力马扎罗山以及冰川可能会消失，这对于环境来说是一个巨大的挑战。故C选项切题。
【考点】形容词辨析
49.A
【解析】A. paying off还清，报偿；B. spreading out伸展；C. blowing up爆炸；D. fading away逐渐消退。句意：环境挑战是巨大的，但坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局所做的努力似乎正在得到回报。由“but”可知，前后表示转折关系，说明坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局所做的努力似乎正在得到回报。故A选项切题。
【考点】动词短语辨析
50.B
【解析】A. atmosphere氛围；B. experience经历；C. experiment实验；D. sight视力。句意：在我看来，来乞力马扎罗最好的经历并不是到达顶峰。登山就是人生的一种经历。故B选项切题。
【考点】名词辨析
51.D
【解析】A. studied学习；B. observed观察；C. explored探索；D. regarded认为。句意：山被许多文化视为精神场所。由“spiritual space”可知，山被许多文化视为精神场所。be regarded as被视为……。故D选项切题。
【考点】动词辨析
52.A
【解析】A. view景色；B. quality质量；C. reason原因；D. purpose目的。句意：在乞力马扎罗，当登山者在几公里的空间里穿越五个生态系统时，景色差异尤为明显。有五个生态系统，所以景色也是明显的不同。故A选项切题。
【考点】名词辨析
53.B
【解析】A. scientists科学家；B. climbers登山者；C. locals当地人；D. officials官员。句意：在乞力马扎罗，当登山者在几公里的空间里穿越五个生态系统时，景色尤为明显。故A选项切题。来到乞力马扎罗都是为了登山，也只有登山者能体验到五个生态系统。故B选项切题。
【考点】名词辨析
54.D
【解析】A. holding on to抓住；B. going back to回到（原来的话题）；C. living up to达到，履行；D. giving way to向……让步。句意：热带雨林在海拔3000米处突然到了尽头，让位于大片的低矮植物。这里指热带雨林在海拔3000米处突然到了尽头，所以海拔3000米以上就是大片的低矮植物。故D选项切题。
【考点】动词短语辨析
55.A
【解析】A. changes改变；B. clears放晴；C. improves提高；D. permits允许。句意：再往上走，天气变了——低云笼罩着被厚厚的草覆盖的山腰。由“low clouds”可知，海拔变了，天气也是不同的，是变化的。故A选项切题。
【考点】动词辨析
56.C
【解析】A. match匹配；B. imagine想象；C. count数；D. add增加。句意：我从站的地方数出了十二种绿色。由“twelve shades of green”可知，作者数出了十二种绿色。故C选项切题。
【考点】动词辨析
57.B
【解析】A. village村庄；B. desert沙漠，荒地；C. road马路；D. lake湖。句意：海拔4000米以上是高山荒漠：砾石、石头和岩石。由“grave, stones and rocks”可知，海拔4000米以上是高山荒漠。故B选项切题。
【考点】名词辨析
58.D
【解析】A. Obviously明显地；B. Easily容易地；C. Consequently结果；D. Finally最后地。句意：海拔4000米以上是高地荒漠：砾石、石头和岩石。生态系统最顶端也是最后一个生态系统是冰川地区。故D选项切题。
【考点】副词辨析
59.A
【解析】A. permanent永久的；B. little小的；C. fresh新鲜的；D. artificial人造的。句意：很明显，你爬进了一个类似北极的地带，那里有着永久性的积雪和可能很快消失的冰川。由“arctic-like zone”可知，这是一个类似北极的地带，所以有永久性的积雪。故A选项切题。
【考点】形容词辨析
60.B
【解析】A. enjoy享受；B. deserve值得；C. save挽救；D. acquire获得。句意：乞力马扎罗山是一座拥挤的山，挤满了成群的游客，破坏了宁静的气氛，它值得这样的名声吗？这里作者在质疑乞力马扎罗山是不是应该被誉为一座挤满了破坏宁静氛围的游客的拥挤的山峰，以此在对后面的回答做好铺垫。故B选项切题。
【考点】动词辨析
【检测训练】
1
I was 11 years old standing outside in just my underwear while I watched the house that I grew up in rapidly burn to the ground.
A few minutes earlier I had been in bed when a 1 woke me up. A fire had 2 in my grandma’s room and awakened her. 3 hearing her, my brother had jumped into 4 , running from room to room quickly waking everyone in the house. 5 we could do anything, the fire consumed it. We all barely 6 it outside before the flames had taken hold of every room.
I stood there 7 while the fire destroyed my books, clothes, and toys. I watched 8 while my mom cried and my dad sighed. I wondered what was going to happen to us 9 we had lost all of our things.
As I looked around, though, I 10 something for the first time: The things that 11 aren’t things. I saw my brother running across the swinging bridge by our house to get help. I saw my grandma and dad wrapped in each other’s arms and my mom 12 our little dog. I realized at that moment that we were all 13 . Everything that was 14 had survived the fire. Our life would 15 . We would survive without the “stuff” that was 16 . We would all be around to love each other for many years to come. And that was all that mattered.
I still think of that fire in the night. It helped me to become who I am today. It showed me for the very first time what was 17 valuable in this life. It helped me to learn that the 18 we share is far more important than the things we own.
Live your life for the things that matter, not for the things you 19 . Love your family. Love others. Let the fire inside of you make this world a 20 place. Let your soul shine bright.
1. A. scream B. dream C. thunderstorm D. bell
2. A. turned down B. shown up C. broken out D. faded away
3. A. Without B. As C. Beyond D. Upon
4. A. water B. bed C. conclusion D. action
5. A. Until B. When C. Before D. After
6. A. put B. made C. got D. took
7. A. trembling B. twisting C. wondering D. dreaming
8. A. carelessly B. helplessly C. uselessly D. fearlessly
9. A. even though B. now that C. as if D. in case
10. A. supposed B. predicted C. remembered D. realized
11. A. matter B. weigh C. inspire D. improve
12. A. raising B. holding C. feeding D. cleaning
13. A. afraid B. alike C. alone D. alive
14. A. delicate B. essential C. beneficial D. profitable
15. A. stop B. remain C. continue D. progress
16. A. burning B. appearing C. coming D. leaving
17. A. barely B. simply C. nearly D. truly
18. A. dog B. fire C. love D. luck
19. A. deserve B. reserve C. possess D. value
20. A. warmer B. cooler C. quieter D. safer
【答案】1. A 2. C 3. D 4. D 5. C 6. B 7. A 8. B 9. B 10. D
11. A 12. B 13. D 14. B 15. C 16. A 17. D 18. C 19. C 20. A
【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了一场大火把作者的家夷为平地，让他们失去了所有，但家人们都幸存了下来，由此作者也明白了一个道理：灾难中，一家人分享的爱远比物质上的东西重要，最后作者呼吁用我们心中的那团热火让世界变得更加温暖。
1. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：几分钟前我还在床上，突然一声尖叫把我吵醒了。A. scream尖叫；B. dream梦想；C. thunderstorm雷暴雨；D. bell铃声。根据下文发生了火灾可知，应该是尖叫声把作者吵醒了。故选A项。
2. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：奶奶的房间失火了，把她吵醒了。A. turned down拒绝；B. shown up出现；C. broken out爆发；D. faded away消失。根据下文发生了火灾可知，应该动词短语broken out发生，爆发。故选C项。
3. 考查介词词义辨析。句意：我哥哥一听到她的声音，就立刻行动起来，从一个房间跑到另一个房间，很快地把屋里的每个人都吵醒了。A. Without没有；B. As作为；C. Beyond超过；D. Upon一……就，在……之上。根据上文可知，发生了火灾，所以哥哥就立马行动起来。故选D项。
4. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我哥哥一听到她的声音，就立刻行动起来，从一个房间跑到另一个房间，很快地把屋里的每个人都吵醒了。A. water水；B. bed床；C. conclusion结论；D. action行动。根据下文可知，哥哥从一个房间跑到另一个房间，很快地把屋里的每个人都吵醒了，所以哥哥是行动起来。故选D项。
5. 考查连接词词义辨析。句意：我们还没来得及做什么，它就被大火吞噬了。A. Until直到；B. When当……的时候；C. Before在……之前；D. After在……之后。根据句意可知，作者他们还没来得及做什么，房屋就被大火吞噬了。故选C项。
6. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们都没来得及跑出去，火势就席卷了每个房间。A. put放；B. made做；C. got获得；D. took拿。根据空后宾语it可知，此空考查固定短语make it成功完成，成功达到。故选B项。
7. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我站在那里发抖，大火烧毁了我的书、衣服和玩具。A. trembling颤抖；B. twisting扭；C. wondering想知道；D. dreaming做梦。根据下文“while the fire destroyed my books, clothes, and toys. I watched 8 while my mom cried and my dad sighed.(大火烧毁了我的书、衣服和玩具。我无助地看着妈妈哭泣，爸爸叹息)”可知，发生了火灾，大火吞噬了一切，看着父母那样无助的状态，所以作者应该吓得发抖。故选A项。
8. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我无助地看着妈妈哭泣，爸爸叹息。A. carelessly不小心地；B. helplessly无助地；C. uselessly无益地；D. fearlessly无畏地。根据下文“while my mom cried and my dad sighed.(妈妈哭泣，爸爸叹息)”可知，看到妈妈哭泣，爸爸叹息，而作者又不能做些什么，他只能无助地看着这一切事情的发生。故选B项。
9. 考查连接词词义辨析。句意：我想知道，既然我们失去了所有的东西，我们将会发生什么事。A. even though尽管；B. now that既然，由于；C. as if好像；D. in case以防。根据上文“I wondered what was going to happen to us.(我想知道，我们将会发生什么事)”及下文“we had lost all of our things.(我们失去了所有的东西)”可知，前后句之间的逻辑关系为因果关系，所以空处应填now that既然，由于。故选B项。
10. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，当我环顾四周时，我第一次意识到一件事：重要的事情并不是事情。A. supposed应该；B. predicted预测；C. remembered记得；D. realized意识到。根据下文“I realized at that moment that we were all 13 .(那一刻我意识到我们都还活着)”可知，这应该是作者意识到的内容。故选D项。
11. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，当我环顾四周时，我第一次意识到一件事：重要的事情并不是事情。A. matter重要，起作用；B. weigh重量；C. inspire激发；D. improve改善。根据下文“And that was all that mattered.(这才是最重要的)”可知，空处应填重要，起作用。故选A项。
12. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我看到我的奶奶和爸爸紧紧地拥抱在一起，我的妈妈抱着我们的小狗。A. raising提高；B. holding抱着，拥有；C. feeding喂养；D. cleaning清洗。根据上下文“I saw my grandma and dad wrapped in each other’s arms and my mom 12 our little dog.(我看到我的奶奶和爸爸紧紧地拥抱在一起，我的妈妈12我们的小狗)”可知，面临突然起来的灾难，家人们无能为力，只能无助地看着灾难发生，所以妈妈应该是抱着我们的小狗。故选B项。
13. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那一刻我意识到我们都还活着。A. afraid害怕；B. alike相像的；C. alone独自一人的；D. alive活的。根据上下文“Everything that was 14 had survived the fire. Our life would 15 . We would survive without the ‘stuff’that was 16 . (所有必需的东西都幸免于火灾。我们的生活将继续下去。没有燃烧的“东西”我们也能生存)”可知，作者意识到他们都还活着。故选D项。
14. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：所有至关重要的东西都幸免于火灾。A. delicate精致的；B. essential至关重要的；C. beneficial有益的；D. profitable盈利的。根据上文“I realized at that moment that we were all 13 .(那一刻我意识到我们都还活着)”可知，作者认为至关重要的东西都幸免于火灾。故选B项。
15. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们的生活将继续下去。A. stop停止；B. remain保持；C. continue继续；D. progress进展。根据下文“We would survive without the “stuff” that was 16 .(没有了燃烧掉的“东西”我们也能生存)”可知，作者他们的生活将继续下去。故选C项。
16. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：没有燃烧掉了的“东西”我们也能生存。A. burning燃烧；B. appearing出现；C. coming来；D. leaving离开。根据上文“Everything that was 14 had survived the fire.(所有至关重要的东西都幸免于火灾)”可知，没有了燃烧掉了的“东西”作者他们也能生存下去。故选A项。
17. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：它第一次让我明白生命中真正有价值的是什么。A. barely仅仅；B. simply简单地；C. nearly几乎；D. truly真正地。根据下文“It helped me to learn that the 18 we share is far more important than the things we own.(它让我明白，我们分享的爱远比我们拥有的东西重要)”可知，所以第一次让我明白生命中真正有价值的是什么。故选D项。
18. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：它让我明白，我们分享的爱远比我们拥有的东西重要。A. dog狗；B. fire火；C. love爱；D. luck运气。根据最后一段中的“Love your family. Love others.”可知，空处应填爱。故选C项。
19. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：为重要的东西而活，而不是为你拥有的东西而活。A. deserve应得；B. reserve储备；C. possess拥有；D. value评价。根据上文“I realized at that moment that we were all 13 . Everything that was 14 had survived the fire. Our life would 15 . We would survive without the “stuff” that was 16 . We would all be around to love each other for many years to come. And that was all that mattered.(那一刻我意识到我们都还活着。所有必需的东西都幸免于火灾。我们的生活将继续下去。没有燃烧的“东西”我们也能生存。我们会在未来的许多年里彼此相爱。这才是最重要的)”可知，作者认为我们为重要的东西而活，而不是为所拥有的东西而活。故选C项。
20. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：让你内心的火焰让这个世界变得更温暖。A. warmer更温暖的；B. cooler更凉爽的；C. quieter更安静的；D. safer更安全的。根据上文“Let the fire inside of you make this world(让你内心的火焰让这个世界)”可知，火焰让这个世界变得更温暖的。故选A项。
2
I was always complaining about wind or rain. Although it was nothing unusual for the arrival of wind or rain, it caused inconvenience for me to go out, and sometimes it even created an awful atmosphere, so I 21 it strongly.
On a rainy day a meteorologist (气象学家) I met was very 22 at my great anger caused by rain that made a little inconvenience for me.
He asked, “Have you ever seen typhoon? Do you know what would happen to the world if there were no typhoon?” I shook my head. I had no experience of how overwhelming it was when it 23 everything away in its way.
“Well, let me tell you,” the meteorologist said. “Without it the 24 of fresh water will be more serious, for it is a great 25 of water supply on earth. Without it, there would be a greater imbalance in the distribution of 26 . The equatorial area that receives the most sunshine on earth 27 entirely on typhoon to disperse (驱散) heat. Without typhoon the tropics would be even 28 while the frigid zones much colder. As a result the temperate zones (温带) would 29 from the world...”
Ignorance made me 30 . I disliked wind only because it ruffled (吹乱) my hair. I hated rain merely because I had to carry an umbrella. But I had no idea at all that typhoon—something much more violent, something a thousand times more 31 than wind or rain—was a(n) 32 to the existence of mankind.
33 no road on earth goes all the way on level ground, there’s no person in the world who can do whatever he pleases. Wrong as it is for people to guard against typhoon, it is advisable for a man to stop to think for a moment before he complains. “ 34 typhoon disappeared all together? What would the world become then?” The 35 will keep him calm and lead him closer to truth—he will be better aware of the world he lives in.
21. A. blamed B. refused C. fought D. punished
22. A. excited B. puzzled C. delighted D. encouraged
23. A. frightened B. washed C. swept D. swung
24. A. supply B. shortage C. waste D. amount
25. A. power B. resource C. source D. strength
26. A. time B. wealth C. energy D. warmth
27. A. moves B. relies C. keeps D. holds
28. A. better B. cooler C. hotter D. warmer
29. A. remove B. escape C. move D. disappear
30. A. shortsighted B. anxious C. frightened D. worried
31. A. frightening B. appealing C. disturbing D. exciting
32. A. success B. advantage C. lead D. must
33. A. As B. Since C. While D. When
34. A. What about B. How come C. Even if D. What if
35. A. answers B. theories C. complaints D. phenomena
【答案】21. A 22. B 23. C 24. B 25. C 26. D 27. B 28. C 29. D 30. A
31. C 32. D 33. A 34. D 35. A
【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者总是抱怨风或雨，因为它们给自己造成了不便，直到作者听到气象学家解释台风的重要作用后，才意识到自己目光短浅，认识到台风——比风或雨更猛烈，比风或雨更令人不安一千倍的东西——是人类生存所必须的。
21. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然刮风下雨并没有什么不正常的，但它给我的外出带来了不便，有时甚至造成了一种糟糕的气氛，所以我强烈地责怪它。A. blamed责备；B. refused拒绝；C. fought打架；D. punished惩罚。根据上文“it caused inconvenience for me to go out, and sometimes it even created an awful atmosphere”可知糟糕的天气给作者带来了不便，因此作者责怪天气。故选A。
22. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在一个下雨天，我遇到一位气象学家，他对我因为下雨给我带来一点不便而大发雷霆很是不解。A. excited激动的；B. puzzled困惑的，不解的；C. delighted高兴的；D. encouraged受到鼓舞的。根据后文“at my great anger caused by rain that made a little inconvenience for me”结合后文气象学家解释下雨的作用，可知气象学家对于作者责备天气感到困惑。故选B。
23. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我从来没有经历过，当它把一切都卷走的时候，它是多么的势不可挡。A. frightened使害怕；B. washed清洗；C. swept清扫，席卷；D. swung摇摆。根据常识和后文“everything away in its way”可知，台风会把一切卷走，sweep away“一扫而空”。故选C。
24. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：没有它，淡水的短缺将会更严重，因为它是地球上水供应的一大来源。A. supply供给；B. shortage缺乏；C. waste废物；D. amount数量。根据后文“fresh water will be more serious”可知没有台风，淡水的短缺会更严重。故选B。
25. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：没有它，淡水的短缺将会更严重，因为它是地球上水供应的一大来源。A. power力量；B. resource资源；C. source来源；D. strength力量。根据后文“of water supply on earth”指台风是地球水供应的来源，应用source。故选C。
26. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：没有它，热量的分布就会出现更大的不平衡。A. time时间；B. wealth财富；C. energy能量；D. warmth温暖，热量。结合后文提到没有台风，热带地区会更热，而寒带会更冷，可知没有台风，热量的分布就会出现更大的不平衡。故选D。
27. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：地球上日照最多的赤道地区完全依靠台风来散热。A. moves移动；B. relies依靠；C. keeps保持；D. holds持有。根据地理知识和后文“entirely on typhoon to disperse heat”指赤道地区依靠台风散热，rely符合语境。故选B。
28. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果没有台风，热带地区会更热，而寒带会更冷。A. better更好的；B. cooler更凉爽的；C. hotter更热的；D. warmer更温暖的。根据后文“while the frigid zones much colder”可知热带更热，寒带更冷。故选C。
29. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：结果就是，温带将从世界上消失……A. remove去除；B. escape逃走；C. move移动；D. disappear消失。根据上文提到寒带更冷，热带更热和后文“from the world”可知，此处是指温带从世界上消失，disappear符合语境。故选D。
30. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：无知使我目光短浅。A. shortsighted目光短浅的；B. anxious焦虑的；C. frightened害怕的；D. worried担心的。结合上文可知作者仅仅因为天气给自己造成了不便就责备天气，没有意识到下雨的重要作用，可见此处指无知使作者目光短浅。故选A。
31. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但我根本不知道台风——比风或雨更猛烈，比风或雨更令人不安一千倍的东西——是人类生存所必须的。A. frightening令人恐惧的；B. appealing吸引人的；C. disturbing令人不安的；D. exciting激动的。根据第一段中“I was always complaining about wind or rain.”可知作者本来抱怨刮风下雨，而台风是比风或雨更令人不安一千倍的东西。故选C。
32. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但我根本不知道台风——比风或雨更猛烈，比风或雨更令人不安一千倍的东西——是人类生存所必须的。A. success成功；B. advantage优势；C. lead领导；D. must必须的事物。根据后文“to the existence of mankind”以及上文介绍的台风的作用，可知台风是人类生存所必须的。故选D。
33. 考查连词词义辨析。句意：就像世界上没有一条路是平坦的一样，世界上也没有一个人可以随心所欲。A. As正如，像……一样；B. Since自从；C. While虽然；D. When当……时候。引导方式状语从句，表示“像……一样”应用as。故选A。
34. 考查固定短语辨析。句意：如果台风全部消失了怎么办？A. What about怎么样；B. How come怎么会；C. Even if即使；D. What if假设……将会怎么样。根据后文“typhoon disappeared all together”可知是在假设台风如果全部消失会怎么样，what if符合语境。故选D。
35. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：答案会让他保持冷静，引导他更接近真理——他会更好地了解他所生活的世界。A. answers答案；B. theories理论；C. complaints投诉；D. phenomena现象。上文“typhoon disappeared all together? What would the world become then?”提出了两个问题，所以此处是指问题的答案。故选A。
3
Having repeatedly heard “good manners”, do you really understand what the basic elements of good manners are? Certainly, a strong sense of justice is one—(from this angle) politeness is often 36 but a highly developed sense of fair play. A friend of mine once told me of him 37 along a one-lane dirt road. 38 was another car that produced clouds of choking 39 , and it was a long way to the nearest highway. Suddenly, at a 40 place, the car in front pulled off the road. 41 that its owner might have engine trouble, my friend stopped and asked if anything was wrong. “ 42 ”, said the other driver, “but you’ve tolerated my dust this far; I’ll 43 yours the rest of the way.”
Another element of politeness is empathy, a (an) 44 that enables a person to see into the mind or heart of someone else, to 45 the pain or suffering there and to do something to minimize it. A man 46 alone in a restaurant was trying to unscrew (拧开) the cap of a beer bottle. 47 he couldn’t do it because of badly injured 48 . He turned to a young kid for help. The kid took the bottle. 49 and loosened the cap without difficulty. Then he 50 it again. Tuning back to the man, he 51 to make great efforts to open the bottle without success 52 he took it into the kitchen and returned shortly, saying that he had 53 to loosen it—but only with a pair of pliers (钳子).
Last but not least, the ability to treat all people 54 is also an element of politeness, regardless of status or importance. 55 when you have doubts about some people, act as if they are worthy of your best manners. Are you astonished to find out the basic factors of “politeness”?
36. A. nothing B. anything C. something D. everything
37. A. walking B. running C. riding D. driving
38. A. After B. Before C. Behind D. Ahead
39. A. ash B. smoke C. dust D. steam
40. A. cleaner B. wider C. flatter D. straighter
41. A. Consuming B. Guessing C. Finding D. Confirming
42. A. Not necessarily B. Not really C. No problem D. No kidding
43. A. put up with B. do away with C. catch up with D. go on with
44. A. technique B. personality C. behavior D. quality
45. A. reduce B. accept C. understand D. remove
46. A. working B. begging C. dining D. performing
47. A. However B. Otherwise C. Therefore D. Meanwhile
48. A. legs B. heart C. fingers D. mouth
49. A. sat down B. turned around C. took a look D. thought twice
50. A. watched B. checked C. tightened D. covered
51. A. seemed B. managed C. pretended D. happened
52. A. Luckily B. Finally C. Happily D. Sadly
53. A. tried B. failed C. managed D. meant
54. A. alike B. nicely C. warmly D. happily
55. A. Ever B. Specially C. Especially D. Even
【答案】36. A 37. D 38. D 39. C 40. B 41. B 42. C 43. A 44. D 45. C
46. C 47. A 48. C 49. B 50. C 51. C 52. B 53. C 54. A 55. D
【解析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章通过两个故事让我们感受到礼貌的三个要素：高层次的公平意识、同理心和对所有的人都一视同仁。
36. 考查不定代词词义辨析和固定搭配。句意：当然，强烈的正义感是其中之一——(从这个角度来看)礼貌往往不过是一种高度发展的公平意识。A. nothing没什么；B. anything任何事情；C. something一些事情；D. everything每件事。短语nothing but相当于only，意为“只不过”，根据语境和句意，故选A。
37. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的一个朋友曾经告诉我，他在一条单行道的土路上开车。A. walking走；B. running跑；C. riding骑车；D. driving开车。根据下文“another car”，可知作者的朋友是在开车，故选D。
38. 考查副词和介词词义辨析。句意：前面还有一辆汽车，扬起令人窒息的尘土，离最近的高速公路也有很长一段路。A. After后来（介词）；B. Before以前（介词）；C. Behind在…...后面；D. Ahead在前面。根据下文“the car in front pulled off the road”，可知是前面的一两车，分析句子结构，此处应用副词，before为介词或连词，且一般指时间上的前后，故选D。
39. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. ash灰；B. smoke烟；C. dust尘土；D. steam水蒸气。根据下文“but you’ve tolerated my dust this far”可知此处应该是尘土，故选C。
40. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：突然，在一个更宽的地方，前面的车靠边停下了。A. cleaner干净点的；B. wider宽点的；C. flatter平点的；D. straighter直点的。根据下文可知，另一个车是想让作者朋友的先过去，所以应该是更宽点的地方，故选B。
41. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的朋友猜想它的主人可能是引擎出了故障，于是他停下来问是否出了什么问题。A. Consuming消耗；B. Guessing猜测；C. Finding找到；D. Confirming确认。根据下文“my friend stopped and asked if anything was wrong”可知我的朋友猜测另外一辆车可能出了故障，故选B。
42. 考查情景用语辨析。句意：“没问题，”另一位司机说，“但你容忍我的灰尘这么远；剩下的路我来忍受你的灰尘。”A. Not necessarily不一定；B. Not really不见得；C. No problem没问题；D. No kidding不开玩笑。根据上文的问话以及下文“but you’ve tolerated my dust this far”，可知应该回答的“没问题”，故选C。
43. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：“没问题，”另一位司机说，“但你容忍我的灰尘这么远；剩下的路我来忍受你的灰尘。”A. put up with忍受；B. do away with废除；C. catch up with赶上；D. go on with继续。根据语境，可知同上文的tolerate应为同义词，故选A。
44. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：礼貌的另一个要素是移情，这是一种能使一个人看透别人的思想或心灵，理解那里的痛苦或不幸并做些事情来减少它的品质。A. technique技术；B. personality个性；C. behavior行为；D. quality品质。本句话是在说明礼貌是一个人懂的理解他人痛苦或不幸的品质，故选D。
45. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. reduce减少；B. accept接受；C. understand理解；D. remove移除。根据上文“Another element of politeness is empathy”，可知应该是理解别人的痛苦或不幸，故选C。
46. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一名男子独自在一家餐馆用餐，他正试图拧开一个啤酒瓶的瓶盖。A. working工作；B. begging乞讨；C. dining就餐；D. performing表演。根据下文“in a restaurant was trying to unscrew (拧开) the cap of a beer bottle”可知是在就餐，故选C。
47. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，由于严重受伤的手指，他无法做到这一点。A. However然而；B. Otherwise否则；C. Therefore因此；D. Meanwhile同时。根据前后两句这个人想打开瓶盖却做不到，可知是转折关系，故选A。
48. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. legs腿；B. heart心脏；C. fingers手指；D. mouth嘴。根据上文“trying to unscrew (拧开) the cap of a beer bottle. _____ he couldn’t do it”和常识可知是用手拧瓶盖，故此处是指手指受伤。故选C。
49. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：孩子接过瓶子，转过身来，毫不费力地拧开了瓶盖。A. sat down坐下；B. turned around转身；C. took a look看一下；D. thought twice再三考虑。根据下文“Tuning back to the man”，可知是转身背对着男子拧瓶盖。故选B。
50. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后他又把它拧紧了。A. watched看；B. checked检查；C. tightened拧紧；D. covered覆盖。根据下文“he _____ to make great efforts to open the bottle without success”，说明他又把瓶盖拧紧了，故选C。
51. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他转向那个男人，假装非常费劲地打开瓶子，但没有成功。A. seemed似乎；B. managed设法；C. pretended假装；D. happened发生。根据前文他毫不费力地拧开了瓶盖，可知这里是假装费劲地打开瓶子，故选C。
52. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：最后，他把它拿进了厨房，很快就回来了，说他已经把它弄松了——不过只是用了一把钳子。A. Luckily幸运地；B. Finally最后；C. Happily幸福地；D. Sadly悲伤地。根据上文打开瓶子的经过，可知最后是去厨房把瓶子打开的，故选B。
53. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. tried尝试；B. failed失败；C. managed设法完成；D. meant意味着。根据上文打开瓶子的经过，可知最后是成功的打开了瓶子，故选C。
54. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：最后但同样重要的是，无论地位和重要性如何，对所有人一视同仁的能力也是礼貌的要素。A. alike同样地；B. nicely友好地；C. warmly热情地；D. happily快乐地。根据下文“regardless of status or importance”可知这里强调对所有人要一视同仁，故选A。
55. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：甚至你对某些人有所怀疑，也要表现得好像他们值得你以最好的态度对待他们一样。A. Ever从来；B. Specially专门地；C. Especially尤其；D. Even甚至。进一步说明要对人一视同仁，故选D。
4
My first year living in Los Angeles, I was a birthday-party clown. I struggled a lot with my identity because, though I viewed myself as a 56 everyone in my life associated me with this 57 day job. To make matters more confusing, being a clown is 58 an identity-masking job.
One night, someone said: .“Tomorrow you’re going to be Batman.” At the time I had a giant mustache. I knew: a clown with a mustache—that’s a huge red 59 for parents. But I hadn’t wanted to 60 my physical appearance for that job.
The next day, I went to the party and I had to leave my car 61 far enough away so that the kids couldn’t see Batman 62 in a PT Cruiser(PT漫步车). I popped in through the front door : “Surprise! Batman’s here!” All the kids 63 . But they didn’t want to see Batman sweaty and panting from a brisk jog, so I just kept 64 . I started to regret my choice to not 65 . I’m thinking, “Gosh, this party is not going to go well.” I’m so embarrassed. I wanted to 66 and run back to my Bat mobile. But then the laughter kind of merges and changes into cheering and applause.
Then I was still about 20 yards away from the party 67 I just started running and my cape was billowing(鼓起) in the 68 , and—mustache or not—in that moment, I was Batman.
I saw the birthday boy with his dad, and the 69 was laughing, saying, “You see, son. I told you Batman had a mustache.”Just then I saw the 70 birthday cake with a frosting Batman drawn on it, and the Batman has a mustache. I just stared at it in 71 . It looked just like my mustache.
Those kids were at the perfect age where they still believed in miracles and heroes and that the world is an 72 good place—all the stuff that’s so difficult for us to keep believing 73 we grow up in a cold and complicated world.
That year, I struggled a lot with my 74 ; was I a filmmaker, or was I a clown? But that day, at least, there was 75 in my mind what I was. I may not have been the hero that they expected. But that day, I was the hero that they needed.
56. A. editor B. director C. filmmaker D. conductor
57. A. luxurious B. ambitious C. ambiguous D. ridiculous
58. A. himself B. herself C. itself D. themselves
59. A. banner B. flag C. scarf D. shirt
60. A. alter B. protect C. lose D. introduce
61. A. left B. parked C. dropped D. abandoned
62. A. pulling up B. pulling out C. pulling off D. putting up
63. A. went hungry B. went red C. went out D. went crazy
64. A. crying B. running C. walking D. smiling
65. A. shave B. shake C. wave D. take
66. A. turn down B. turn off C. turn out D. turn around
67. A. then B. when C. where D. while
68. A. gale B. rain C. sun D. wind
69. A. dad B. son C. author D. passerby
70. A. tiny B. small C. huge D. middle
71. A. belief B. disbelief C. trust D. faith
72. A. unnaturally B. inherently C. impossibly D. unnecessarily
73. A. because B. since C. for D. as
74. A. identity B. background C. position D. post
75. A. no response B. no way C. no doubt D. no comment
【答案】56. C 57. D 58. C 59. B 60. A 61. B 62. A 63. D 64. C 65. A
66. D 67. B 68. D 69. A 70. C 71. B 72. B 73. D 74. A 75. C
【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者是一位电影制作人，但是周围地人都觉得这个工作很可笑，在参加一场派对之后，他对自己的身份有了新的感悟，他觉得自己可能不是他们所期望的英雄。但那天，他就是他们需要的英雄。
56. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我对自己的身份感到挣扎，因为尽管我认为自己是一个电影制作人，但我生活中的每个人都用这份可笑的日常工作来看待我。A. editor编辑；B. director导演；C. filmmaker电影制作人；D. conductor售票员。根据下文“was I a filmmaker, or was I a clown?”可知，此处是信息词filmmaker的词汇复现。故选C。
57. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. luxurious奢侈的；B. ambitious有雄心的；C. ambiguous模棱两可的；D. ridiculous荒唐的，可笑的。根据“My first year living in Los Angeles, I was a birthday-party clown.”可知，作者的工作是在生日派对上扮演小丑，因此人们觉得他的工作很可笑。故选D。
58. 考查代词词义辨析。句意：更让人困惑的是，当小丑本身就是一种伪装身份的工作。A. himself他自己；B. herself她自己；C. itself它自己；D. themselves他们自己。根据“being a clown”可知，当小丑原本是一种伪装身份的工作，此处用反身代词itself起强调作用。故选C。
59. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我知道：一个有胡子的小丑——这对父母来说是一个巨大的危险信号。A. banner横幅；B. flag旗子；C. scarf围巾；D. shirt衬衫。根据常识可知，蝙蝠侠没有胡子，因此，扮演一个有胡子的蝙蝠侠对于办派对的父母来说是一个巨大的危险信号。a red flag为固定用法，意为“危险信号旗”。故选B。
60. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但我不想为了那份工作而改变自己的外貌。A. alter修改；B. protect保护；C. lose失去，丢失；D. introduce介绍。根据“I knew: a clown with a mustache—that’s a huge red _____for parents.”和“but”可知，作者不想因为工作改变外貌。故选A。
61. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：第二天，我去参加派对，我不得不把车停得足够远，这样孩子们就看不到蝙蝠侠开着一辆PT漫步车停下。A. left离开；B. parked停车；C. dropped使落下；D. abandoned放弃，抛弃。根据“The next day, I went to the party”可知，参加派对之前要先把车停好。故选B。
62. 考查动词短语辨析。句意同上。A. pulling up停车；B. pulling out拔出，驶出；C. pulling off完成，努力实现；D. putting up搭建，张贴。根据“I had to leave my car ______ far enough away”可知，此处表示“停车”。故选A。
63. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：所有的孩子都疯了。A. went hungry挨饿，揭不开锅；B. went red脸色变红；C. went out出去；D. went crazy疯狂，发疯。根据“I popped in through the front door : “Surprise! Batman’s here!””可知，孩子们看到蝙蝠侠很疯狂。故选D。
64. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但他们不想看到蝙蝠侠在慢跑时汗流浃背，气喘吁吁，所以我就继续走。A. crying哭；B. running跑；C. walking散步，走路；D. smiling微笑。根据“But they didn’t want to see Batman sweaty and panting from a brisk jog”可知，慢跑会流汗，因此作者保持走路。故选C。
65. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我开始后悔当初没有刮胡子。A. shave刮脸，剃须；B. shake摇动；C. wave挥手；D. take拿走。根据“I’m thinking, “Gosh, this party is not going to go well.” I’m so embarrassed. ”可知，作者为没有刮胡子感到后悔。故选A。
66. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我想转身跑回我的蝙蝠车。A. turn down拒绝，调小；B. turn off关闭；C. turn out结果是，证明是；D. turn around转身。根据“I popped in through the front door”和“I’m so embarrassed.”可知，作者感到尴尬，想要转身跑回自己的车里。故选D。
67. 考查连词词义辨析。句意：当我开始跑的时候，我离派对还有20码，我的斗篷在风中飘动，管它有没有胡子，在那一刻，我就是蝙蝠侠。A. then然后；B. when当……时候；C. where在……地方；D. while在……期间。根据语境和从句动词“start”可知，此处需用when引导时间状语从句，while引导时间状语从句后面需用延续性动词。故选B。
68. 考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. gale大风，飓风；B. rain雨；C. sun太阳；D. wind风。根据“my cape was billowing”可知，作者的斗篷在风中鼓起来，gale过分夸张。故选D。
69. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我看到生日男孩和他的爸爸在一起，爸爸笑着说，“你看，儿子。我告诉过你蝙蝠侠有胡子。”A. dad爸爸；B. son儿子；C. author作者；D. passerby行人。根据“I saw the birthday boy with his dad”和下文的“You see, son.”可知，此处是信息词“dad”的词汇复现。故选A。
70. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：就在那时，我看到了一个巨大的生日蛋糕，上面画着一个糖霜蝙蝠侠，蝙蝠侠有胡子。A. tiny极小的，微小的；B. small小的；C. huge巨大的；D. middle中间的。根据“with a frosting Batman drawn on it”可知，蛋糕上面有糖霜蝙蝠侠，由此推知蛋糕是巨大的。故选C。
71. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我只是难以置信地盯着它看。A. belief信念，信仰；B. disbelief不信任；C. trust信任；D. faith信心，信任。根据“It looked just like my mustache.”可知，因为蝙蝠侠的胡子跟作者的很像，因此感到难以置信。故选B。
72. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：那些孩子正处于完美的年龄，他们仍然相信奇迹和英雄，相信世界本来就是美好的——随着在一个冷漠而复杂的世界中成长，我们很难继续相信这些东西。A. unnaturally不自然地；B. inherently固有地，本来；C. impossibly不可能地；D. unnecessarily不必要地。根据“Those kids were at the perfect age where they still believed in miracles and heroes”可知，那些孩子正处于完美的年龄，他们仍然相信奇迹和英雄，因此他们也相信世界本来就是美好的。故选B。
73. 考查从属连词词义辨析。句意同上。A. because因为；B. since自从，因为；C. for因为；D. as随着，因为，当。结合各选项的意思和“we grow up in a cold and complicated world”可知，随着在一个冷漠而复杂的世界中慢慢长大，人们很难继续相信这些东西。故选D。
74. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：那一年，我一直纠结于自己的身份。A. identity身份，同一性；B. background背景；C. position位置；D. post邮件。根据“was I a filmmaker, or was I a clown?”可知，作者一直在纠结自己的身份。故选A。
75. 考查固定短语辨析。句意：但至少那天，我心中对自己是什么已经没有了怀疑。A. no response没有反应；B. no way不行，不可能；C. no doubt毫无疑问；D. no comment不予评论。根据“I may not have been the hero that they expected. But that day, I was the hero that they needed.”可知，在生日派对那天，作者心中对自己是什么已经没有了怀疑。故选C。
5
It’s funny how a small corner of the earth can have outsized relevance in life. For me, it’s a swing set on a playground.
I decided to take my six year old son Joe on a weekend trip to the University of Virginia, my alma mater (母校). I planned out every detail 76 and wanted my son to become familiar with something dear to me, 77 he did not fully understand. I took Joe to my favorite breakfast spot. I 78 him my dorm and fraternity (兄弟会) house, and then the bar where I’d worked in college. We even went to a lacrosse (长曲棍球) game. All of this registered with my son, but without the 79 I expected. 80 , we were running out of things to do. I asked Joe what he wanted to see. I would never 81 his response: “I would not mind finding a swing set.” That’s when it hit me. For a guy who thought he 82 every inch of his college town, the question caught me flat-footed: I had no idea where to look. 83 , I remembered the Venable Elementary School, something I’d 84 countless times but never really noticed. We parked in the lot, empty on a Saturday, and I 85 my son and watched him delightedly swing back and forth. It was the joy I had sought for him on my terms, 86 he only found on his.
What did I learn on that trip? First, travel is great fun and often leads to 87 . But our world will always assure us greater happiness which is just around the corner. Second, do not rely too much on your 88 . Do your best but stay 89 , and always remember what John Lennon said: Life is what happens to you while you are busy making other plans. Third, there is always a new way to 90 things, no matter how much you think you know. I’m sure I would have missed the lesson if Joe hadn’t made his old man stop at the swings in Charlottesville. For that, I will always be grateful.
76. A. in total B. in fact C. in advance D. in order
77. A. even if B. as if C. as to D. as though
78. A. gave B. showed C. offered D. invited
79. A. interest B. response C. impression D. effect
80. A. Worse B. Still C. Again D. However
81. A. ignored B. understood C. missed D. forgot
82. A. analyzed B. stepped C. knew D. loved
83. A. Hardly B. Eventually C. Undoubtedly D. Surprisingly
84. A. passed B. saw C. visited D. approached
85. A. pushed B. encouraged C. amused D. stared
86. A. and B. even C. but D. so
87. A. joy B. happiness C. excitement D. surprise
88. A. schedules B. others C. plans D. details
89. A. relaxed B. independent C. grateful D. flexible
90. A. look at B. look through C. look for D. look into
【答案】76. C 77. A 78. B 79. B 80. A 81. D 82. C 83. B 84. A 85. A
86. C 87. B 88. C 89. D 90. A
【解析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者精心安排的参观之旅并没有给儿子带来快乐，反而是意料之外的秋千让她开心不已，这让作者认识到三个人生哲理。
76. 考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：我提前计划好了每一个细节，想让我的儿子熟悉那些对我来说很珍贵的东西，即使他并不完全理解。A. in total总共；B. in fact事实上；C. in advance提前；D. in order整齐。根据“and wanted my son to become familiar with something dear to me,”可知，作者提前规划好了所有的细节，想让儿子熟悉那些对自己来说很珍贵的东西。故选C。
77. 考查连词词义辨析。句意：我提前计划好了每一个细节，想让我的儿子熟悉一些我喜欢的东西，即使他并不完全理解。A. even if即使；B. as if好像；C. as to至于；D. as though好像。根据“I planned out every detail ________”可知，即使儿子无法完全理解作者的用意，作者还是规划好旅程的所有细节。故选A。
78. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我带他看了我的宿舍和兄弟会会所，然后是我大学时工作过的酒吧。A. gave给予；B. showed展示；C. offered提供；D. invited邀请。根据“and then the bar where I’d worked in college.”可知，作者向儿子展示了自己的宿舍和兄弟会的房子。故选B。
79. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这一切都引起了我儿子的注意，但没有得到我所期望的反应。A. interest兴趣；B. response回应；C. impression印象；D. effect影响。根据后文“I would never _______ his response: “I would not mind finding a swing set.””可知，儿子一开始并没有做出作者预期的回应。故选B。
80. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：更糟的是，我们已经没什么可做的了。A. Worse更坏；B. Still仍然；C. Again再次；D. However然而。根据“we were running out of things to do.”可知，更糟糕的是，作者已经没什么可让儿子参观的了。故选A。
81. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我永远不会忘记他的回答：“我不介意找一套秋千。”A. ignored忽略；B. understood理解；C. missed错过；D. forgot忘记。根据儿子说的话“I wouldn’t mind finding a swing set”可知，相比起作者安排的重要的参观点，儿子想要的秋千是非常出乎作者的意料的，所以作者不会忘记。故选D。
82. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：对于一个自以为对大学城了如指掌的人来说，这个问题让我措手不及：我不知道该去哪里找。A. analyzed分析；B. stepped踏；C. knew知道；D. loved喜欢。根据“the question caught me flat-footed: I had no idea where to look.”可知，对于一个自认为对大学了如指掌的人来说，这个问题让作者毫无准备。故选C。
83. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：最终，我想起了维纳布尔小学，这是我路过无数次却从未真正注意到的事情。A. Hardly几乎不；B. Eventually最终；C. Undoubtedly无疑地；D. Surprisingly意外地。根据“I remembered the Venable Elementary School,”可知，最终作者记起了小学的一个地方。故选B。
84. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：最终，我想起了维纳布尔小学，这是我路过无数次却从未真正注意到的事情。A. passed路过；B. saw看见；C. visited参观；D. approached靠近。根据“but never really noticed.”可知，那个地方作者曾无数次路过但是却从未认真留意过。故选A。
85. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：周六没人，我们把车停在停车场，我推着儿子，看着他高兴地荡来荡去。A. pushed推；B. encouraged鼓励；C. amused娱乐；D. stared盯着看。根据“and watched him delightedly swing back and forth.”可知，儿子坐在秋千上，作者在后面推。故选A。
86. 考查连词词义辨析。句意：这是我用我的方式给他找的快乐，但他用自己的方式找到了。A. and和；B. even甚至；C. but但是；D. so因此。根据“he only found on his.”可知，作者一直从自己角度出发为儿子寻找的快乐，却被他自己找到了。故选C。
87. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：首先，旅行很有趣，经常带来快乐。A. joy喜悦；B. happiness快乐；C. excitement激动；D. surprise惊讶。根据后文“But our world will always assure us greater happiness which is just around the corner.”可知，此处为“快乐”。故选B。
88. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：第二，不要太依赖你的计划。A. schedules时间表；B. others其他人；C. plans计划；D. details细节。根据上文可知，作者精心计划好的参观之旅并没有给儿子带来快乐，反而是意料之外的秋千让她开心不已，因此不要太依赖计划。故选C。
89. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：做最好的，但要灵活，永远记住约翰·列侬说过的话：生活就是当你忙于制定其他计划时发生在你身上的事。A. relaxed放松的；B. independent独立的；C. grateful感激的；D. flexible灵活的。根据“and always remember what John Lennon said: Life is what happens to you while you are busy making other plans.”可知，不要过于坚持计划，要保持灵活性。故选D。
90. 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：第三，无论你认为自己知道多少，看待事物总有新的方法。A. look at看；B. look through浏览；C. look for寻找；D. look into调查。根据“no matter how much you think you know.”可知，无论你知道多少，总是有新的角度来看待事物。故选A。
6
Fear Can Be Positive
A small village by the sea depended on 91 to survive. Each year the villagers had to go farther and farther from shore to catch enough fish to 92 the population.
But as the villagers went farther away, they 93 a problem. Their usual 94 was to put the fish they caught in big tanks to keep them 95 until they returned home. But the fish grew inactive in the tanks, and many 96 before the boat could reach shore again.
After much 97 , one villager 98 a solution. On their next fishing trip, they caught a 99 shark and placed it in the tank along with the fish. The shark ate only a few fish, but the rest swam 100 around the tank trying to keep away from the shark—and made it to shore fresh and healthy for the villages.
Sometimes a little fear is what we need to stay active and 101 . People usually lose 102 and focus when they begin to coast and 103 best when they have a little anxiety or fear.
A little fear can be 104 . Fear can hold a lot of people back and stop them from living life to the fullest. I understand that feeling of being afraid. 105 , there is only one thing worse than 106 , and that is being afraid to begin. There are no hopeless situations; there are only people who have grown 107 about them.
Dale Carnegie once said, “Inaction 108 to doubt and fear. Action breeds 109 and courage. If you want to 110 fear, do not sit home and think about it. Go out and get busy. ”
91. A. hunting B. fishing C. farming D. planting
92. A. expand B. protect C. attract D. feed
93. A. encountered B. designed C. explained D. answered
94. A. route B. idea C. practice D. reflection
95. A. fresh B. precious C. nutritious D. unique
96. A. fled B. jumped C. died D. recovered
97. A. fight B. thought C. quarrel D. consultation
98. A. looked for B. long for C. make up D. hit upon
99. A. fierce B. small C. big D. rare
100. A. quietly B. wildly C. happily D. slowly
101. A. alive B. cheerful C. strong D. normal
102. A. strength B. decision C. consideration D. concentration
103. A. create B. experiment C. perform D. respond
104. A. healthy B. desperate C. horrible D. ridiculous
105. A. Lastly B. Therefore C. Instead D. However
106. A. starting B. quitting C. joining D. continuing
107. A. hopeless B. sensitive C. hopeful D. optimistic
108. A. appeals B. sticks C. objects D. leads
109. A. confusion B. disappointment C. confidence D. cooperation
110. A. acquire B. limit C. conquer D. advocate
【答案】91. B 92. D 93. A 94. C 95. A 96. C 97. B 98. D 99. B 100. B
101. A 102. D 103. C 104. A 105. D 106. B 107. A 108. D 109. C 110. C
【解析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要通过捕鱼的故事告诉人们不要害怕人生中的恐惧，如果你想要战胜它，就要有所行动，而不是不作为。
91. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：海边的一个小村庄靠捕鱼为生。A. hunting打猎；B. fishing捕鱼；C. farming务农；D. planting种植。根据下文“Each year the villagers had to go farther and farther from shore to catch enough fish”，可知是靠捕鱼为生，故选B。
92. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：每年，村民们不得到海岸越来越远的海域，以捕获足够的鱼来养家糊口。A. expand扩大；B. protect保护；C. attract吸引；D. feed养活。根据上文“A small village by the sea depended on ____ to survive. ”可知这个村庄靠捕鱼为生，所以是养活这里的人，故选D。
93. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是随着村民们走得更远，他们遇到了一个问题。A. encountered遇到；B. designed设计；C. explained解释；D. answered回答。根据下文“a problem”，可知是遇到问题，故选A。
94. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们通常的做法是把捕到的鱼放在大水箱里保鲜，直到他们回家。A. route路线；B. idea想法；C. practice通常的做法；D. reflection深思。根据下文“to put the fish they caught in big tanks to keep them ”可知，把鱼放在大水箱里保鲜是他们的做法，故选C。
95. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. fresh新鲜的；B. precious珍贵的；C. nutritious有营养的；D. unique独一无二的。根据常识可知，把鱼放在大水箱里是为了保鲜，故选A。
96. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是这些鱼在水箱里变得不活跃了，许多鱼在船再次靠岸之前就死了。A. fled逃跑；B. jumped跳跃；C. died死；D. recovered恢复。根据上文的“inactive”不活跃，可知鱼在靠岸之前就死了，故选C。
97. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：经过深思熟虑，一个村民想出了一个解决办法。A. fight 斗争； B. thought思考；C. quarrel争吵；D. consultation咨询。根据下文“one villager ______ a solution. ”可知，是深思熟虑后，想出一个解决办法，故选B。
98. 考查动词词组辨析。句意：同上。A. looked for寻找；B. longed for渴望；C. made up组成；D. hit upon偶然发现。根据下文“a solution”可知是想到解决办法，故选D。
99. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在他们的下一次捕鱼之旅中，他们抓到了一条小鲨鱼，并把它和鱼一起放在水箱里。A. fierce凶猛的；B. small小的；C. big大的；D. rare罕见的。根据下文“The shark ate only a few fish”，说明鲨鱼很小，只吃几条鱼，故选B。
100. 考查副词词义辨析。 句意：这条鲨鱼只吃了几条鱼，但其余的鱼在水箱里疯狂地游来游去，试图远离这条鲨鱼，这样成功的把剩下的鱼鲜活地送到岸上的村民那里。A. quietly静静地；B. wildly疯狂地；C. happily开心地；D. slowly慢慢地。根据下文“to keep away from the shark”可知，为了逃离鲨鱼，其余的鱼应该是疯狂地游来游去，故选B。
101. 考查形容词词义辨析。 句意：有时候，我们是需要一点恐惧来保持活跃和活力的。A. alive有活力的；B. cheerful快乐的；C. strong强大的；D. normal正常的。根据上文的“active”可知，这里应为保持活力，active和alive为同义词，都是有活力的，活跃的，故选A。
102. 考查名词词义辨析。 句意：当人们顺利时，通常会失去注意力和专注力，当他们有一点焦虑或恐惧时，表现最好。A. strength力量；B. decision决定；C. consideration考虑；D. concentration注意力。根据下文“focus”可知，此处为失去注意力，故选D。
103. 考查动词词义辨析。 句意：同上。A. create创造；B. experiment做实验；C. perform表现；D. respond回答。根据上文“People usually lose _____ and focus when they begin to coast”可知，前后两句形成对比，顺利时，缺少注意力和专注，焦虑或恐惧时，表现最好，故选C。
104. 考查形容词词义辨析。 句意：一点点恐惧可能是健康的。A. healthy健康的；B. desperate绝望的；C. horrible恐怖的；D. ridiculous荒谬的。根据上文“____ best when they have a little anxiety or fear. ”可知有点恐惧时有好处的，所以“健康的”符合语境，故选A。
105. 考查副词词义辨析。 句意：然而，只有一件事比放弃更糟糕，那就是害怕开始。A. Lastly最终；B. Therefore因此；C. Instead反而；D. However然而。上文提到作者理解这种恐惧感，下文提到只有一件事情更糟糕，所以前后是转折关系，故选D。
106. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：A. starting开始；B. quitting放弃；C. joining加入；D. continuing继续。因为恐惧，一般人都会放弃，但比放弃更糟糕的事情是害怕开始，故选B。
107. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：世上没有绝望的处境；只有对处境感到绝望的人。A. hopeless没有希望的；B. sensitive敏感的；C. hopeful有希望的；D. optimistic积极的。根据上文“There are no hopeless situations”中“hopeless”的词义复现，并且符合语境和句意，故选A。
108. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：戴尔·卡耐基曾经说过：“不作为导致怀疑和恐惧。”A. appeals呼吁；B. sticks坚持；C. objects反对；D. leads导致。根据语境可知，应该是不作为导致怀疑和恐惧。短语lead to，意为“导致”，故选D。
109. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：行动孕育信心和勇气。A. confusion困惑；B. disappointment失望；C. confidence信心；D. cooperation合作。根据下文的“courage”可知是正能量的词语，故选C。
110. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你想征服恐惧，不要坐在家里胡思乱想。A. acquire获得；B. limit限制；C. conquer征服；D. advocate拥护。根据下文“do not sit home and think about it. ”可知应该是要想征服恐惧，不能坐在家里胡思乱想。故选C。