(新高考)高考英语二轮复习课时精炼考向35 语法填空(2份打包，解析版+原卷版)

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考向35 语法填空
题型分析
语法填空题的命题方式是在一篇200词左右的语言材料中留出10个空白，部分空白的后面给出单词的基本形式，要求考生根据上下文填写空白处所需的内容（1个单词）或所提供的单词的正确形式。
语法填空题着重从句子和语篇两个层级，考查考生在阅读理解的基础上运用语法、语用与语篇知识，对语言的形式、意义与功能的综合运用能力，对考生理解语篇语用、分析句子结构、把握语篇话题以及熟练使用语法知识等方面的能力要求比较高。语法填空题的测试点包括英语的词法、句子关系、以及在具体情景中如何确保语义连贯的篇章知识等。
在试题设置上，语法填空题在形式上主要分两类：（1）有提示词填空题：通常考查动词的时态、语态、非谓语动词、主谓一致、形容词与副词的等级变化、以及词类转换等；（2）无提示词填空题：通常考查冠词、代词、名词、介词与连词的正确选用等。无论是哪一类的填空题，其核心目的在于考查考生如何通过语言的、语法的、语用的以及语篇的知识，去实现语篇意义的连贯性。
复习的重点是要掌握句子的基本结构。首先，我们必须熟练掌握简单句的基本句型结构：（1）主语+谓语（+宾语+宾补）（2）主语+系动词+表语。其次，我们要充分了解充当各个句子成分的典型词类：（1）充当主语或宾语的典型词类是名词或代词。此外，还有动名词、不定式短语等。（2）充当谓语的一定是动词。（3）充当补语或表语的典型词类是形容词。（4）在名词前作定语的典型词类是形容词或形容词性物主代词。（5）作状语的典型词类是副词。
再次，我们还要掌握句子的扩展结构：两个或几个简单句之间若不用句号或分号，就必须要用连词，否则，句子的结构就不完整。连词主要有以下四类：
（1）用and,but,or,while(而，却)，when（就在这个时候）等构成并列句。
(2) 用if,unless,before,after,until,although,though,as,since,because,so,so that等构成含状语从句的复合句（这里要注意区分一下复杂句和复合句，复合句是包含在复杂句这个概念里面的,在下文的基础写作部分有提到）。
（3）用who,which,that,when,where,why等构成含定语从句的复合句。（这里要提醒考生的是往往不给任何提示的空就是填连词或关系词的，但也须结合句子结构来分析。）
（4）用that,if/whether(是否)，wh-等构成含名词性从句的复合句。
解题策略
解语法填空，要从＂词、句、篇＂三个层面去思考。
1. 词汇层面
方法1：作主语或宾语的名词或＂形容词+名词＂前无形容词性物主代词、不定代词等限定词时，根据上下文填冠词。
方法2：句子缺主语或宾语，空格后没有提示词，填词多为代词。
方法3：空格前已有主语，括号内是动词提示，空格需填谓语动词。
方法4：句中已有谓语动词且又无并列连词与括号内提示的动词并列，说明空格需填非谓语动词形式。
方法5：当括号内所提示的词是形容词或副词且空格处需要的仍是形容词或副词时，很可能填比较级和最高级。
方法6：当＂…（+限定词）+名词＂或＂…+代词/doing/从句＂在句中不作主语或宾语时，通常填介词。2. 句子层面
方法1：连接两个功能对等的单词、短语或句子时，应填并列连词and，or，but，while, when等。
方法2：若判断连词所引导的从句起名词的作用（作主语/宾语/表语/同位语），则为名词性从句，根据引导名词性从句的连接词在从句中的成分和意义确定连词。
方法3：若判断连词所引导的从句起形容词的作用（作定语），则为定语从句，根据引导定语从句的先行词和关系词在从句中的成分确定关系代词或者关系副词。关系代词在从句作主语和宾语，作状语用关系副词（可转换为介词+关系代词）。
方法4：若判断连词所引导的从句起副词的作用（作状语），则为状语从句，再根据两句之间的意义和逻辑关系或者从属连词在从句中的作用和意义，来确定合适的连词。
3. 篇章意义层面
方法：了解文章/对话大意，运用上下文语境线索、前后呼应、词语搭配等逻辑关系来解题，填入既符合上下文情景，又符合句义、词义的正确单词。
三、策略举例
1.纯空格试题的解题技巧。
首先，分析句子结构，确定填哪类词。然后，再根据句子的意思，确定具体填什么词；或根据两句间的逻辑关系确定具体用哪个连词。确定填哪类词有以下7个技巧：
技巧1：缺主语或宾语，一定是填代词或名词(多考代词)。如：
[例1]I can send a message to Kenya whenever I want to, and ___38___ gets there almost in a second.
技巧2：名词前面，若没有限定词，很可能是填限定词(冠词、形容词性物主代词、不定代词)。
如：[例2]It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty (960—1279) was very anxious to help ___33___rice crop grow up quickly.
[例3]…the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to ___35___ small town some 20 kilometers away where there was a garage.
技巧3：句子不缺主语、宾语、表语的情况下，名词或代词前面，一定是填介词。
[例4]… who should have the honour of receiving me ___33___ a guest in their house.
技巧4：若两个或几个单词或短语之间没有连词，可能是填连词。
[例5]…two world-famous artists, Pablo Picasso ___34___ Candido Portinari, which are worth millions of dollars.
[例6]…all I saw was this beautiful girl, whose smile just melted me ___36___almost instantly gave me a completely new sense of what life is all about.
技巧5：若两句子之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，一定是填并列连词或从属连词。
[例7] I wanted to see as much of the city as possible in the two days ___32___I was to return to Guangzhou.
[例8] He was very tired after doing this for a whole day, ___37___he felt very happy…
技巧6：若结构较完整，空格后的谓语动词是原形，特别是与上下文时态不一致或主谓不一致时，很可能是填情态动词或表示强调或倒装的助动词(do, does, did等)。
[例9]What is acceptable in one country ___31___be considered extremely rude in another.
[例10] He had no time or energy to play with his children or talk with his wife, but he ____ bring home a regular salary.
技巧7：由特殊的句式结构来判断空格应填的词。
(1)由it is…that…强调结构形式，判断填it还是that。如：
[例11] …and ___40___was only after I heard she became sick that I learned she couldn’t eat MSG (味精)!
(2)由倒装句式判断，是填构成倒装的条件的only, so, neither, nor, never, hardly, seldom, not, until, had等，还是填do, does, did等。如：
[例12] ______with hard work can you expect to get pay rise.
(3)由it作形式主语或形式宾语的句式判断，空格处是否填it。如：
[例13] …as ___32___took them just three minutes to steal paintings by two world-famous artists…
[例14]Dating sites also make ___36___easy to avoid someone whom you are not interested in.
(4)so /such…that…句型。如：
[例15] This made the goat so jealous ___34___it began plotting against (谋划对付) the donkey.
(5)more…than… (与其说……不如说……，比……更……)句型。如：
[例16]Cynthia’s story shows vividly that people remember more how much a manager cares ___40___ how much he pays.
2. 给出了动词的试题的解题技巧
首先，判断要填的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。然后按以下两点进行思考。
技巧8：若句中没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语动词；若是谓语动词，就要考虑时态语态。
[例17]His fear of failure ___36___ (keep) him from classroom games that other children played with joyous abandon.
解析：因主语His fear of failure后没有别的谓语动词，需填的动词应为谓语动词；因主语与keep是主动关系，应用主动语态；由从句谓语动词played可知，要用一般过去时，故填kept。
[例18] That was definitely not an attractive idea so I politely declined her
Invitation, ___40___ (close) my book and walked away.
解析：虽然句中已有谓语动词declined，但由and walked可知，所填词与declined和walked是并列关系，所以也用一般过去式closed。
[例19] In Logan, three people ___38___ (take)to a hospital, while others were treated at a local clinic.
解析：因主语three people与take是被动关系，即三个人被送进医院，故用被动语态；由were treated可知，要用一般过去时，故填were taken。
技巧9：若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定用—ing形式、—ed形式，还是用不定式形式，确定的方法主要有：
(1)作主语或宾语，通常用—ing形式表示习惯或一般情况，用不定式表示具体的情况。如：
[例20] …but it is not enough only ___35___(memorize) rules from a grammar book.
解析：因it是形式主语，后面用不定式作真正的主语，故填to memorize。
[例21] ______ (speak) out your inner feeling won’t make you feel ashamed, on the contrary…
解析：句中已有谓语won’t make，所以speak应为非谓语动词；谓语前面应为主语，作主语，表示一般情况，要用动名词短语，故填Speaking。
(2)作目的状语或者在形容词后的作状语，一般用不定式。如：
[例22] _______ (complete) the project as planned, we’ll have to work two more hours a day.
解析：因句中已有谓语will have to work，所以complete应为非谓语动词；因“(为了)按计划完成这项工程”是“我们每天不得不额外多工作两小时”的目的，作目的状语，用动词不定式，故填To complete。
[例23] Some people say that oldest children, who are smart and strong-willed, are very likely ___33___ (succeed). ‘
解析：因在形容词likely后作状语，要用动词不定式，故填to succeed。
(3) 作伴随状语，常用分词，与逻辑主语是主动关系，用现在分词，是被动关系，用过去分词。如：
[例24] He saw the stone, ___37___ (say) to himself: “The night will be very dark.”
解析：句中已有谓语saw，所给动词与saw不是并列关系，应当是非谓语动词；又因He与say是主动关系，故填saying作伴随状语。
[例25] The headmaster went into the lab, ________(follow) by the foreign guests.
解析：句中已有谓语went，而follow又不是与之并列的，故为非谓语动词；又因the headmaster与follow是被动关系，故用过去分词followed作伴随状语。
(4)不论非谓语动词在句中作何种成分，若判断需要用分词，与逻辑主语是主动关系用—ing形式，是被动关系用—ed形式。如：
[例26] There will be a meeting, ___40___ (start) later this year to review the film.
解析：因a meeting与start是主动关系，用现在分词短语作定语，补充说明a meeting，故填starting。
[例27] Lessons ___39___ (learn) in sports can help us in our dealing with other people.
解析：因句中已有谓语can help，所以learn应为非谓语动词；又因lesson与learn是被动关系，要用过去分词短语作定语，故填learned。
(3)、词类转换题的解题技巧
根据该词在句子所作句子成分确定用哪种形式。具体方法有：
技巧10：作表语、定语或补语，通常用形容词形式。如：
[例28] The youngster immediately fell ________ (silence) as tears flew down from his big blue eyes.
解析：因在系动词felt后作表语，用形容词，故填silent。
[例29] In a ________ (danger) part of the sea off the coast of New Zealand, they learnt to…
解析：在冠词与名词之间，要用形容词，作定语，故填dangerous。
[例30] Teachers must try their best to make most of their students ________ (interest) in the subject
解析：因所填词在句中作宾语most of their students的补足语，用形容词；表示“感兴趣”，填interested。
技巧11：作主语、在及物动词或介词后作宾语，用名词形式。如：
[例31] When China’s ancient scientific and technological ________ (achieve) are mentioned, the nation will generally refer to the Four Great Inventions.
解析：在时间状语从句中，要求填的词作主语，China’s ancient scientific and technological是主语的定语；作主语要用名词，又由are可知，主语是复数，故填achievements。
[例32] These people have made great ___39___ (contribute) to China with their work.’
解析：在句中作及物动词have made的宾语，要用名词形式；表示“作贡献”，其前面没有不定冠词时，习惯上用复数，故填contributions。
[例33] …instructors expect students to be familiar with ___32___ (inform) in the reading…
解析：因with是介词，在介词后作宾语，要用名词，故填information。
技巧12：在形容词性物主代词后，或者在“冠词(+形容词)”后，用名词形式。如：
[例34] …the remains date from this period because of their 38 (similar) to those found elsewhere.
解析：在形容词性物代词(their)后应当用名词，故填similarities。
[例35] With the large numbers of students, the ____ (operate) of the system does involve a certain amount of activity.
解析：在冠词后，要用名词，故填operation。
技巧13：修饰动词、形容词、副词，或整个句子，作状语，用副词形式。如：
[例36]  As I looked ___32___ (close) at this girl, I fount that…
解析：修饰动词looked，作状语，用副词，故填closely。
[例37] There must be something ___40___ (serious) wrong with our society.
解析：要求填的词修饰形容词wrong，作状语，用副词，故填seriously。
[例38]Singles are flocking(涌向) to the Internet ___33___ (main) because their busy lifestyles leave them little time…
解析：修饰because引导的原因状语从句，修饰整个句子，作状语，用副词，故填mainly。
技巧14：括号中所给词有可能是要求词义转换，词类不一定要变，主要是考查具有与词根意义相反的派生词，需根据句子意思及前后逻辑关系，在词根前加un—, im—等，在词根后加—less等。如：
[例39] People certainly have a variety of reasons for going back to school but one important thing to know is, no knowledge is ________ (use).
解析：作表语要用形容词；又由句意可知，作者是表达“没有什么知识是无用的”，故填useless。
[例40] Your mistake caused a lot of ________ (necessary) work in the office.
解析：在名词前作定语，仍用形容词形式；但根据句意可知，错误是引起不必要的麻烦事，故填unnecessary。
技巧15：括号中所给动词也不一定是考动词的时态语态或非谓语动词，而是考词类转换；若是形容词或副词，有可能是考查其比较等级。如：
[例41]…there was a lot of information about the city’s well-known tourist ___34___ (attract)…
解析：尽管attract是动词，但这是考查词类转换的；在句中作介词about的宾语，用名词，故填attraction。
[例42]The other frog went on jumping as hard as he could…He jumped even ___36___ (hard) and finally made himself out.
解析：联系前句，又有even(更加)的提示，可知这里用比较级，故填harder。
[例43]Storms which produced at least 13 tornadoes swept along New Mexico’s border with Texas on Friday, destroying homes and other buildings and injuring at least 16 people, several critically, authorities said.
The ___33___ (bad) damage was reported in the towns of Logan and Clovis, which are about 80 miles apart, police said.
解析：结合前段内容，特别是the的提示，可知要用bad的最高级worst，表示“最严重的”。
【检测训练】
1
阅读下列材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或用括号内单词的正确形式。
I was on a train in Switzerland. The train came to a stop and the conductor’s voice over the loudspeaker 1. (deliver) a message in German, Italian, and French. I’d made the mistake of not learning any of those languages before my vacation.
Everyone started getting off the train and an old woman saw that I was 2. (confuse). She could speak some English and told me that an accident had happened on the 3. (track). She asked me where I was trying to get to, then went and talked to some workers, and came back to tell me that we’d have to get on trains three or four times to get there.
I was really glad she was heading 4. same way because it would have been impossible for me to figure it 5. on my own. So we went from one train station to the next, getting to know each other along the way.
She was really the 6. (sweet) woman. It was a 2.5-hour journey in total, and 7. we made it to the final destination, we got off and said our goodbyes. I had made it just in time to catch my train to Rome. She told me she had a train to catch as well. I asked her how much farther she had to go and 8. turned out that her home was two hours back the other way.
She had jumped from train to train and traveled the whole way just 9. (make) sure that I made it. I was in shock. A woman spent her whole day sitting on trains and taking her hours away from her home just to help out a confused tourist 10. (visit) her country.
【答案】
1. delivered
2. confused
3. tracks
4. the
5. out
6. sweetest
7. when
8. it
9. to make
10. visiting
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在异国他乡坐火车时遇到一个好心的人，全程给作者指引方向。
1. 考查动词时态。句意：火车停了下来，喇叭里传来售票员用德语、意大利语和法语传递信息的声音。分析句子可知，deliver在句中作谓语动词。根据上下文判断出应该用一般过去时，主语voice和deliver之间为主动传播，故答案为delivered。
2. 考查形容词。句意：每个人都开始下车，一个老妇人看到我很困惑。根据空前的I was可知，此处应该填写修饰人的形容词，故填confused。
3. 考查名词。句意：她会说一些英语，告诉我说轨道上发生了一些问题。根据常识判断，轨道是复数，故填tracks。
4. 考查冠词。句意：我很高兴她也走了同样的路，因为要我自己弄清楚是不可能的。根据“same way”可知，此处应该填定冠词，故填the。
5. 考查固定搭配。句意：我很高兴她也走了同样的路，因为要我自己弄清楚是不可能的。figure out为固定搭配，意为“弄明白”，故填out。
6. 考查形容词最高级。句意：她真的是最好心的女人。根据空前的“the”可知，此处应该填写形容词最高级，故填sweetest。
7. 考查连词。句意：当我们到达了最终的目的地，我们下了车互相道别。分析句子可知，此处是时间状语从句，故填when。
8. 考查代词。句意：我问她还得走多远，结果发现她家要从另一条路回去两小时。It turned out that ...为固定句型，意为“结果是......”，故填it。
9. 考查非谓语动词。句意：她从一辆火车跳到另一辆火车，一路走来，只为了确保我能赶上。分析句意可知，此处是表示目的，故用不定式，故填to make。
10. 考查非谓语动词。句意：一个女人花了一整天的时间坐在火车上，远离自己的家，只是为了帮助一个困惑的游客去她的国家。分析句子成分可知，visit在句中作后置定语，修饰tourist，且两者之间为主动关系，故填visiting。
2
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Any bird that crossed his path would be eaten by Rex, a German shepherd. Rex11. (rescue) from his previous shelter, where he was going to be put down after a biting incident. Last year, he12. (eventual) arrived at Puriton Horse and Animal Rescue.
Geraldine was a goose abandoned by owners who could no longer put up 13. her. She wasn’t exactly the picture of 14. (warm), either, when she arrived at the same shelter three months ago. The dog and the goose were individually given labels like cruel and dangerous. Neither seemed particularly harmonious with humans or even members of their own species.
But when the two 15. (annoy) creatures were offered a chance to hang out together, something magical happened. They chased each other when first 16. (introduce), but Geraldine stood up for herself and that was that. They just fell in love with each other.
“I’ve been doing rescue work since 1997 and seen all 17. (kind) of strange animal behavior, but I’ve never seen anything like this,” said Sheila Brislin, 18. is the founder of the shelter. “It’s so amusing to see them because they love each other to bits. They are very affectionate. She just19. (run) around alongside him all day long and whenever we take him for 20. walk in the woods she has to come, too.”
【答案】
11. was rescued
12. eventually
13. with
14. warmth
15. annoying
16. introduced
17. kinds
18. who
19. runs
20. a
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。任何穿过Rex路的鸟都会被德国牧羊犬Rex吃掉。文章叙述的是Rex和其他动物相处的故事。
11. 考查一般过去时态的被动语态。句意：Rex从他以前的避难所中被救出，在一次咬人的事件后，他将被杀死。句子用一般过去时态的被动语态，主语是Rex，单数第三人称形式，故答案为was rescued。
12. 考查副词。此处arrived是动词，副词修饰动词，故答案为eventually。
13. 考查固定词组。put up with忍受，故答案为with。
14. 考查名词。句意：三个月前，当她到达同一个收容所时，她也不是那种温暖感觉。结合句意此处用名词形式，故答案为warmth。
15. 考查形容词。句意：但是，当这两种令人讨厌的生物被提供一个一起出去玩的机会时，神奇的事情发生了。annoying讨厌的，故答案为annoying。
16. 考查过去分词做时间状语。句意：当他们第一次被介绍时，他们互相追逐。句子主语They 和introduce之间是被动关系，此处是过去分词做时间状语，故答案为introduced。
17. 考查固定词组。all kinds of各种各样的，故答案为kinds。
18. 考查非限制性定语从句。此处Sheila Brislin是先行词，指人，在后面的非限制定语从句中做主语，故答案为who。
19. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：她整天和他在一起，每当我们带他到树林里散步的时候，她也要来。结合句意可知句子用一般现在时态，句子主语是she，故答案为runs。
20. 考查不定冠词。句意：她整天和他在一起，每当我们带他到树林里散步的时候，她也要来。for a walk散步，故答案为a。
3
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
It is reported that at present a city in Japan has a problem with graffiti(涂鸦). However, it is not the usual type of graffiti with paint from spray cans 21. (use) to write on walls. It is graffiti in sand.
Officials in the city of Tottori are asking tourists to give up 22. (write) messages and drawing pictures in the sand of its giant sand dunes (沙丘). The officials say the graffiti causes damage to the dunes, 23. destroys the pleasure others get in looking at the sand.
More than 3,300 cases of "sand graffiti" 24. (occur) at the tourist spot in the past decade. In January, two overseas tourists were ordered 25. (erase) a 25-meter-long message that read "Happy Birthday Natalie".
The Tottori Sand Dunes are famous throughout Japan 26. their natural beauty. They are the largest and longest sand dunes in the country and form part of 27. scenic coastal park on the sea of Japan coast. The biggest dune is 50 meters high.
The local government wants to improve tourists' understanding of the 28. (important) of the dunes. It will set up much 29. (many) signs in English, Chinese and Korean asking people to respect the dunes. A spokesman said, "We are concerned about whether the rules are 30. (complete) understood, and we want to continue to protect views of the beautiful sand dunes."
【答案】
21. used
22. writing
23. which
24. have occurred
25. to erase
26. for
27. a
28. importance
29. more
30. completely
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了日本出现了严重的涂鸦问题，当地政府希望提高游客对沙丘重要性的认识，保护沙丘的美丽景观。
21. 考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，这并不是一种常见的用喷漆罐在墙上的涂鸦。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作cans的后置定语，与cans之间为被动关系，故填used。
22. 考查非谓语动词。句意：官员们要求游客们不要再在巨大的沙丘上写写画画了。give up doing为固定用法，意为“放弃做某事”，故填writing。
23. 考查定语从句。句意：官员们表示，涂鸦对沙丘造成了破坏，破坏了其他人欣赏沙子的乐趣。分析句子可知，此句为非限制性定语从句，关系词指代整个主句内容并在从句中作主语，故填which。
24. 考查动词时态。句意：在过去的十年里，该旅游景点发生了3300多起“沙子涂鸦”事件。根据时间状语“in the past decade”可知，此句应该用现在完成时， 故填have occurred。
25. 考查非谓语动词。句意：今年1月，两名海外游客被要求删除一条长达25米的“娜塔莉生日快乐”信息。be ordered to do为固定用法，意为“被要求做某事”，故填to erase。
26. 考查介词。句意：鸟取沙丘以其自然美景闻名于日本。be famous for为固定用法，意为“因......而著名”，符合句意，故填for。
27. 考查冠词。句意：它们是日本最大最长的沙丘，是日本海海岸一个风景优美的海岸公园的一部分。scenic coastal park前缺少冠词，此处为泛指，且scenic 的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。
28. 考查名词。句意：当地政府希望提高游客对沙丘重要性的认识。根据空前的the和空后的of可知，此空应该填名词，故填importance。
29. 考查比较级。句意：政府将设立更多英文、中文和韩文的标志，呼吁人们尊重沙丘。根据句意以及修饰比较级的much可知，此处应该用形容词比较级，故填more。
30. 考查副词。句意：一位发言人表示：“我们担心这些规定是否被完全理解，我们希望继续保护美丽的沙丘景观。”此处应该用副词修饰动词understood，故填completely。
4
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的适当形式。
You may remember back at the start of December, 31. China carried out their unmanned Chang’e-5 mission and the spacecraft touched down on the moon to collect samples for research. Now it 32. (success) returned to the Earth. This is the most significant event in China’s space field, and also one of the most notable space 33. (activity) globally. Chang’e-5, 34. (launch) by a Long March 5 heavy-lift carrier rocket early on Nov 24, is the nation’s 35. (large) and most complex lunar probe. It returned with 1,731 grams of lunar rock and soil to the Earth, 36. (mark) a historic accomplishment 44 years after the last lunar substances were taken back. The 23-day mission was China’s first space journey to claim extraterrestrial samples, making 37. the third country to accomplish the task, the first being the USA in the 1960’s and the second Soviet Union in the 1970’s.
The spacecraft 38. (enter) the Earth’s atmosphere at an altitude of around 120km. As soon as it was 10km above land, it released its parachute and landed smoothly in China's Inner Mongolia. Now the spacecraft has been air lifted to Beijing where the samples 39. (examine) by scientists very soon.
The mission’s results will contribute 40. mankind’s deeper understanding of the moon’s origins and the evolution of the solar system.
【答案】
31. when
32. successfully
33. activities
34. launched
35. largest
36. marking
37. it
38. entered
39. will be examined
40. to
【解析】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了嫦娥五号进行为期23天的太空之旅获取外星样本，使中国成为第三个完成这项任务的国家。
31. 考查定语从句。句意：你可能还记得去年12月初，中国执行了嫦娥五号无人驾驶任务，飞船着陆月球，采集样本用于研究。定语从句的先行词是the start of December，表示时间，且在定语从句中充当时间状语。故填when。
32. 考查副词。句意：现在它成功地返回了地球。空处修饰动词returned，需要用副词。故填successfully。
33. 考查名词。句意：这是中国航天领域最重大的事件，也是全球最引人注目的航天活动之一。根据one of可知空处应该用可数名词的复数形式。故填activities。
34. 考查非谓语动词。句意：嫦娥五号于11月24日凌晨由长征五号重型运载火箭发射升空，是中国最大、最复杂的月球探测器。空处的launch作定语，且与被修饰的Chang’e-5为被动关系，用过去分词。故填launched。
35. 考查形容词最高级。句意：见上题。根据由and连接，并列的most complex lunar probe可知，空处需要用最高级。故填largest。
36. 考查非谓语动词。句意：它带回了1731克的月球岩石和土壤，在最后一批月球物质被带回44年后，这标志着一项历史性的成就。空处为结果状语，且与句子的主语It为主动关系，用现在分词。故填marking。
37. 考查代词。句意：这次为期23天的任务是中国首次太空之旅获取外星样本，使中国成为第三个完成这项任务的国家，第一个是60年代的美国，第二个是70年代的苏联。空处需要用代词指代China。故填it。
38. 考查谓语动词的时态。句意：宇宙飞船在大约120千米的高度进入地球大气层。表示发生在过去的动作，用一般过去时。故填entered。
39. 考查谓语动词的时态。句意：现在宇宙飞船已经被空运到北京，那里的样本将很快被科学家检测。空处为定语从句的谓语动词，根据very soon可知要用一般将来时;且examine与samples为被动关系，用被动语态。故填will be examined。
40. 考查介词。句意：这次任务的结果将有助于人类更深入地了解月球的起源和太阳系的演化。contribute to…为固定短语，意为“有助于……”。故填to。
5
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的适当形式。
According to a recent survey, violence（暴力）did exist in schools. Students showed their fear and parents and teachers also 41. （express）their great concern about it. Experts hope 42. whole society should pay more attention to the psychological health of teenagers.
Nowadays, school violence is a hot issue. I think this is a phenomenon（现象）, which 43. （call）for our great concern. We should make every effort 44. （prevent）violence happening at school for more and more students would drop out of school if their personal 45. （safe）could not be guaranteed（保证）. In fact, violence can be learned. 46. （actual）, children learn violent behavior from adults or from 47. they see on television or on the Internet.
If I meet with school violence, I will not answer violence with violence, for it will result in 48. （much）fighting. I will tell my teachers and parents about it. I think they will help me deal with it well and they will protect me 49. the bad guys.
All in all, we students should behave 50. （we） and keep away from violence.
【答案】
41. expressed
42. the
43. calls
44. to prevent
45. safety
46. Actually
47. what
48. more
49. from
50. ourselves
【解析】文章是一篇说明文。讲述了校园暴力现象以及对此的态度和解决措施。
41. 考查动词时态。句意：学生们表现出了他们的恐惧，家长和老师也表达了他们对它的极大关注。express vt.“表达”。and连接两个并列成分，此处与showed并列，showed用的一般过去式。可知，此空格也应该用一般过去时。故填expressed。
42. 考查冠词。句意：专家希望全社会更加关注年轻人的心理健康。此处特指整个社会，用定冠词。故填the.
43. 考查动词时态。句意：我认为这是一种现象，这需要我们极大的关注。句中which指代a phenomenon,是单数形式。谓语动词与之一致也用单数，故填calls.
44. 考查动词不定式。句意：我们应该尽一切努力防止学校发生暴力事件。此处指我们应该尽一切努力来阻止校园暴力的发生，动词不定式表目的，故填to prevent.
45. 考查名词。句意：如果他们的人身安全不能得到保证，越来越多的学生会辍学。由空前的their personal修饰可知此处用名词，指他们的个人安全，故填safety.
46. 考查副词。句意 :实际上，孩子学习暴力行为来自成人或他们在电视上或在互联网上所看到的暴力内容。此处作状语，表示“事实上，实际上”，用副词形式，修饰整个句子。置句首单词首字母大写，故填Actually.
47. 考查代词。句意：实际上，孩子学习暴力行为来自成人或他们在电视上或在互联网上所看到的暴力内容。此处指他们从电视或网络上看到的东西，做动词see的宾语，what引导宾语从句作介词from的宾语，并且在后面的从句中也要作宾语，所以要用what。
48. 考查比较级。句意：我不会以暴力制暴力，因为它会导致更多的战斗。此处由a bit修饰比较级表示程度，指以暴制暴会导致更多的打斗，表示“更多的”有比较的意思。故填more.
49. 考查介词。此处指我会告诉老师或家长会帮助更好地处理问题，保护自己免受坏孩子欺负。protect sb. from doing sth.“保护某人不受……”，故填from.
50. 考查反身代词。句中主语和宾语都指we，此时宾语用反身代词，指我们学生应该使自己的举止规范，故填ourselves.
6
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
President Xi Jinping underlined the importance of afforestation on April 2. and reaffirmed the need to stick to the green development path to meet peopled ever-growing demand 51. a better life and make a greater contribution to upholding global ecological 52. （secure）.
He stressed that the annual tree-planting activity aims to get the whole of society 53. （voluntary） involved in tree-planting and raise people's awareness of building a beautiful home 54. human beings and nature coexist harmoniously.
2021 marks the 40th anniversary of the country's voluntary tree-planting activity. Over the past four decades, people throughout the country have made efforts in afforestation and the people's living environment has become 55. （pleasant）- China 56. （top）the global ranking of countries in terms of the growth of forest resources.
Consistent and long-term efforts 57. （need）, while calling on the whole of society to take part in afforestation 58. （activity）. Party members and officials should take 59. lead in taking the responsibility for tree planting, practicing a green and low-carbon life and 60. （strengthen） environmental protection in order to enable the people to live a high-quality life.
【答案】
51. for
52. security
53. voluntarily
54. where
55. more pleasant
56. has topped
57. are needed
58. activities
59. the
60. strengthening
【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。4月2日，国家主席习近平强调了植树造林的重要性。坚持走绿色发展道路，满足人民日益增长的美好生活需求，为维护全球生态安全作出更大贡献。
51. 考查介词。句意：坚持走绿色发展道路，满足人民日益增长的美好生活需求，为维护全球生态安全作出更大贡献。demand for sth.为固定短语，意为“对…的需求”故填for。
52. 考查名词。句意：坚持走绿色发展道路，满足人民日益增长的美好生活需求，为维护全球生态安全作出更大贡献。分析句子结构，空前的ecological为形容词，应修饰名词，因此需填入secure的名词形式。故填security。
53. 考查副词。句意：他强调，一年一度的植树活动旨在让全社会自觉参与到植树活动中来，提高人们建设人与自然和谐共处美好家园的意识。分析句子结构，修饰动词短语get involved in应用副词。故填voluntarily。
54. 考查定语从句关系副词。句意：他强调，一年一度的植树活动旨在让全社会自觉参与到植树活动中来，提高人们建设人与自然和谐共处美好家园的意识。home为先行词，作地点状语，用关系副词where来引导。故填where。
55. 考查形容词的比较级。句意：40年来，全国人民通过植树造林，人民生活环境得到改善。中国森林资源增长速度居世界前列。根据句意，这里要用比较级，因pleasant为多音节词，所以要用more pleasant表比较级。故填more pleasant。
56. 考查时态。句意：40年来，全国人民通过植树造林，人民生活环境得到改善。中国森林资源增长速度居世界前列。根据句中的“Over the past four decades”可知这里要用现在完成时have done形式，又因China为单数，故填has topped。
57. 考查动词的语态和主谓一致。句意：要坚持不懈、长期努力，同时号召全社会共同参与植树造林。分析句子结构，根据语境可知，此句主语efforts和need为动宾关系。所以应该用现在时被动语态，且主语为复数。故填are needed。
58. 考查名词。句意：要坚持不懈、长期努力，同时号召全社会共同参与植树造林。activity是可数名词，这里要用复数形式。故填activities。
59. 考查冠词。句意：党员干部要带头承担植树责任，倡导绿色低碳生活，加强环境保护，让人民群众过上高质量生活。take the lead in是固定短语，意为“在…方面带头”。故填the。
60. 考查动名词作宾语。句意：党员干部要带头承担植树责任，倡导绿色低碳生活，加强环境保护，让人民群众过上高质量生活。分析句子结构，空前的介词take 　9　 lead in中的“in” ，所给的strengthen为动词，根据介词后跟动词时需跟动名词形式。故填strengthening。
7
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的适当形式。
Today, Mount Qomolangma’s peak is not a lonely place any more. Over 3500 people have61. (successful) climbed the mountain over the past years. Meanwhile, climbers have complained about62. (wait) for hours in the bottlenecks.
In fact, the dangerous63. (crowd) aren't the only problem. All those climbers need 64. (bring) a lot of gear (装置) and much of them ends up being left on the mountains. becoming the world's65. (tall) rubbish dump.
But the good news is66. some mountaineers are overtaking it to clean up Qomolangma. Mountaineers Paul and Eberhard are part of Eco Everest Expedition which has been cleaning up rubbish since 2008.So far they67. (collect)over 13 tons of garbage.
Some of that rubbish is even being used for68. higher purpose. As part of the Mount Everest 8844 Art Project. a group of 15 artists Nepal collected 1.5 tons of garbage. They’ve changed the cans and oxygen tanks into74 piece of art that have are exhibited69. Nepal’s capital. Part of the profit from sales70. (be) available for the Everest Pakeers Association which has helped ole rubbish of the mountain.
【答案】
61. successfully
62. waiting
63. crowds
64. to bring
65. tallest
66. that
67. have collected
68. a
69. in
70. is
【解析】这是一篇议论文。有很多人成功登顶珠峰的同时，他们遗留的垃圾也造成了环境问题。幸好有环保登山者，他们致力于清理珠峰，并做出了巨大成绩。收集的垃圾被制成艺术品陈列在尼泊尔首都，目的是提醒人们环保登峰。
61. 考查副词。句意：在过去的几年里已经有超过3500人成功登顶珠穆朗玛峰。climbed为动词，应用副词修饰。故填successfully。
62. 考查动名词作宾语。句意：与此同时，登山者们抱怨在瓶颈路段等候时间很长。句中about是介词，其后接动名词形式作宾语。故填waiting。
63. 考查主谓一致。句意：事实上，这些危险的人群不是唯一的问题。分析句子结构可知，提示词作为句子主语，谓语动词是are，所以主语用复数形式。故填crowds。
64. 考查固定短语。句意：所有的登山人员都需要带很多的装备，这些装备中有很多最终都被留在了珠峰上，成为世界上最高的垃圾场。根据固定搭配need to do sth（需要做某事）可知，此处应该用不定式形式。故填to bring。
65. 考查形容词最高级。句意：所有的登山人员都需要带很多的装备，这些装备中有很多最终都被留在了珠峰上，成为世界上最高的垃圾场。句中的“rubbish dump”是名词词组，所以用形容词修饰，再根据句意此处为“世界最高的垃圾场”，故用形容词最高级。故填tallest。
66. 考查表语从句。句意：但好消息是一些登山者现在正在从事清扫珠穆朗玛峰的工作。分析句子机构可知，此处是表语从句，从句some mountaineers are overtaking it to clean up Qomolangma的句子成分和句意都是完整的，所以用连接词that。故填that。
67. 考查时态。句意：到目前为止，他们已经收集了超过13吨垃圾。句中so far(到目前为止)是现在完成时的标志词，主语是they，故用have done。故填have collected。
68. 考查冠词。句意：那些垃圾中的一部分甚至有一个更高的使用目的。句中purpose是可数名词，根据句意此处不是特指，故用不定冠词。故填a。
69. 考查介词。句意：他们已经把易拉罐和氧气瓶变成了74件艺术品，这些艺术品已在尼泊尔的首都展出。根据句意可知，此处应为“在尼泊尔的首都”，所以使用介词in。故填in。
70. 考查主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，be动词对应的主语是profit（利益，利润），它是不可数名词，根据全文判断时态为一般现在时。故填is。
8
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
High school years are a large part in71. (shape) the person you are going to become. A school often72. (provide)education for you,and it can also be a place 73. you can develop relationships with many different people,join clubs,and participate in a variety of different sports.These years can make you become a high school student74. (fill)with many different emotions,including happiness, anger,sadness, envy, loneliness,stress,and a numerous amount more.This is also a time when peer(同龄人)pressure is most commonly put upon a vast majority of teens.
Peer pressure is the influence from members of one's peer group.This can include influencing another to drink,smoke,cheat on a test,lie,skip class,and etc.The list is 75. (end).Peer pressure at high school is both harmful76. effective because it can lead to teen depression,high stress levels,negative behavior77. (issue),and poor decision making and outcomes.
Despite the fact that peer pressure is most commonly seen as a very negative issue,it can 78. (see)positively in some situations.This can involve pressuring your peers to avoid drugs,be honest,avoid alcohol,respect others,work hard,exercise,be kind, be responsible,and more.Friends and peer79. (actual)affect the choices you make.Choosing to have good friends can have a very strong effect80. you.
【答案】
71. shaping
72. provides
73. where
74. filled
75. endless
76. and
77. issues
78. be seen
79. actually
80. on / upon
【解析】这是一篇说明文，主要讲述了高中生的高中生活及学习，高中学习中既有好的一面也有其不好的一面，作者也由此提出了一些建议。
71. 考查非谓语动词。根据句子中的介词in可知，介词后跟动词的现在分词形式作宾语，故填shaping。
72. 考查主谓一致。主语为A school,为单数，所以谓语动词用单数第三人称的形式，故填provides。
73. 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，先行词为a place, 定语从句为you can develop relationships with many different people, join clubs, and participate in a variety of different sports.先行词在定语从句中充当的是地点状语成分，所以选用关系副词引导，故填where。
74. 考查非谓语动词。句意：这些年可以让你成为一个高中生，充满了各种各样的情绪，包括快乐，愤怒，悲伤，嫉妒，孤独，压力，还有很多很多。分析句子成分可知，谓语动词为can make，fill作非谓语，它的逻辑主语是student，短语be filled with表示 “充满”,fill和主语之间为被动关系，故填filled。
75. 考查形容词。句意：这个列表是永无止境的。根据句意可知，此处应填形容词的形式作表语，故填endless。
76. 考查连词。固定搭配both…and…两者都……,本句中and连接两个形容词harmful和effective 故填and。
77. 考查名词单复数。根据后面and poor decision making and outcomes中outcomes为复数形式，and连接并列名词issue（问题），为可数名词，所以用复数形式。故填issues。
78. 考查被动语态。see的主语it指代的是peer pressure，两者为被动关系，且see在情态动词can后面，用动词原形，故填be seen。
79. 考查副词。此处actual修饰动词affect，用副词形式，故填actually。
80. 考查固定搭配。have an effect on/upon对……有影响。故填on/upon。
9
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Czech people are really good at celebrating and holding 81. (party）. As I graduated this year, I experienced a lot of this firsthand. The greatest event for us was the prom(毕业舞会)82. (intend)for graduating students. Many girls started to get their gowns(礼服)ready a month 83. advance. Graduating students also needed to give their ''Midnight Surprise'', a group 84. (perform).
At the end of April, we held the traditional activity called ''The Last Ringing'', which lasted for two days.85. impressed us most was that some graduates prepared 86. (taste)desserts and food to sell, wearing different costumes.
By the end of May, we had finished all of the final exams and we started preparing for the graduation ceremony. It 87. (hold)successfully in the conference hall in our school. Many parents came, too. At 88. ceremony, we got our graduation certificate from our class teacher. When 89. (receive)my certificate, I tried 90. (fight)back my tears-I didn't want to say goodbye to my teachers and classmates.
【答案】
81. parties
82. intended
83. in
84. performance
85. What
86. tasty
87. was held
88. the
89. receiving
90. to fight
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了学生毕业典礼活动以及作者的心理感受。
81. 考查名词单复数。party“聚会”是可数名词，结合语境可知，此处不止一次聚会，应用复数形式，故填parties。
82. 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，此处应用非谓语动词作后置定语，逻辑主语prom和intend之间是被动关系，应用过去分词，故填intended。
83. 考查介词。此处是短语in advance“提前”，故填in。
84. 考查名词。根据a，判断此处应填名词单数形式，结合语境，可知此处为“一个团队表演”，故填performance。
85. 考查主语从句。分析句子结构可知，这里的________ impressed us most是主语从句，本空在从句中作主语，表示“让我们印象最深的事情”，句子第一个单词的首字母大写，故填What。
86. 考查形容词。分析句子可知，此处应填形容词，修饰名词desert and food，tasty“美味的”，故填tasty。
87. 考查时态和语态。分析句子可知，此处是句子谓语动词，又此处讲述过去的事情，应用一般过去时，主语it指代上文的graduation ceremony和hold之间是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是单数，故填was held。
88. 考查冠词。结合上下文可知，此处特指上文提到的graduation ceremony，应用定冠词修饰，故填the。
89. 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，此处应填填非谓语动词和when一起构成时间状语，逻辑主语I和receive之间是主动关系，应用现在分词，故填receiving。
90. 考查不定式。句意：当我拿到毕业证的时候，我强忍住泪水——我不想跟老师和同学说再见。此处是固定短语try to do sth.“努力做某事”，故填to fight。
10
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Kobe Bryant passed away in a helicopter crash five months ago. His fans were so heartbroken that they held various91. (activity) to honor him. Someone ''updated'' the superstar's social media 92. April 1 to promote his sports fantasy novel, The Wizenard Series: Season One, to his fans around 93. globe. The novel revolves (围绕) around basketball team, the West Bottom Badgers, and an incredible coach Rolabi, who 94. (base) on Phil Jackson, the former coach of the Los Angeles Lakers.
''The book stems from (源于) my goal of bringing joy back to youth sports, while 95. (teach) important life lessons.'' Bryant said in an interview before his death. Apart from referring to his 96. (person) basketball experiences, he also draws from the more basic and psychological truths in sports: teamwork, training, perseverance and mental toughness.
While the announcement may not have come 97. (direct) from Bryant, many fans are hoping that the fantastic novel 98. (continue) his legacy. For many others, 99. , it was Bryant's mentality that made him legendary (传奇的). 100. (know) as the ''Black Mamba'' for his passion, persistence, and fearlessness, Bryant will live on through the achievements he impressed upon the world.
【答案】
91. activities
92. on
93. the
94. is based
95. teaching
96. personal
97. directly
98. will continue
99. however / nevertheless
100. Known
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了科比去世后，他的球迷举行各种活动来纪念他。4月1日有人更新了他的社交媒体，向球迷宣布了关于他的体育传奇小说The Wizenard Series: Season One。很多球迷希望可以通过这本书延续科比的传奇，但有人也认为让科比成为传奇的是他的精神。
91. 考查名词的数。activity“活动”是可数名词，根据various判断此处用复数形式，故填activities。
92. 考查介词。根据April 1判断此处应填介词on，on April 1“在四月1日”，故填on。
93. 考查冠词。此处考查固定表达around the globe“全世界”，故填the。
94. 考查时态和语态。分析句子可知，此处是定语从句的谓语动词，主语who代指先行词coach Rolabi，是第三人称单数，且和base之间是被动关系，根据上文的revolves判断此处为一般现在时，故填is based。
95. 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，此处应用非谓语动词和while一起构成时间状语，逻辑主语the book和teach之间是主动关系，应用现在分词，故填teaching。
96. 考查形容词。分析句子可知，此处应用形容词修饰名词词组basketball experience，故填personal。
97. 考查副词。分析句子可知，此处应用副词修饰动词come，故填directly。
98. 考查时态。分析句子可知，此处是宾语从句的谓语动词，结合语境可知continue发生在将来，且主句是现在进行时，故用一般将来时，故填will continue。
99. 考查副词。句意：然而，对于其他很多人来说，让科比成为传奇人物的是他的精神。根据句意可知，上下文是转折关系，故填however/nevertheless。
100. 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，此处应用非谓语动词作状语，逻辑主语Bryant和know之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，故填Known。