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    (新高考)高考英语二轮复习课时精炼考向62 语法填空之解答并列句、复合句与特殊句式类填空的6策略(2份打包,解析版+原卷版)

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    (新高考)高考英语二轮复习课时精炼考向62 语法填空之解答并列句、复合句与特殊句式类填空的6策略(2份打包,解析版+原卷版)

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    这是一份(新高考)高考英语二轮复习课时精炼考向62 语法填空之解答并列句、复合句与特殊句式类填空的6策略(2份打包,解析版+原卷版),文件包含新高考高考英语二轮复习课时精炼考向62语法填空之解答并列句复合句与特殊句式类填空的6策略解析版doc、新高考高考英语二轮复习课时精炼考向62语法填空之解答并列句复合句与特殊句式类填空的6策略原卷版doc等2份试卷配套教学资源,其中试卷共38页, 欢迎下载使用。


    考向62 语法填空
    解答并列句/复合句/特殊句式类填空的6策略
    宏观分析
    解答此类题的关键是分析句子结构。
    ①如设空前后是并列的单词、短语或句子,应用并列连词,利用句意、逻辑关系和固定结构考虑填哪个并列连词。
    ②如果所填词引导的从句与空前部分为修饰与被修饰关系,则为定语从句。如果关系词在从句中作主语、宾语或表语,用关系代词;如果关系词在从句中作状语,则用关系副词。
    ③如果所填词引导的从句在整个句子中作主语、宾语、表语或同位语,则为名词性从句。如果连接词在从句中作主语、宾语或表语,则用连接代词;如果作状语,用连接副词。
    ④如果所填词引导的从句作状语,则为状语从句。要根据句意以及连接词在从句中所做的成分来确定合适的连接词。
    策略一 考查并列连词——关系分析法+搭配法+句型法
    【考情再现】
    1. (2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)They kept their collection at home ________ , and then it was given to a museum.
    答案与解析 or 句意:他们把自己的藏品留在家里,直到收藏变得太大或者自己去世,然后这些藏品被捐给一家博物馆。 根据语境可知,设空前后两个时间状语是选择关系,应用连词or,表“或者”,故填or。
    2. (2019·全国卷Ⅱ)I work because I have to, ________ because I want to.
    答案与解析 but 句意:我工作不是因为我不得不做,而是因为我想工作。根据句意逻辑可知,此处为转折关系,应用but与前文not呼应,构成not ... but ... “不是……而”之意,故填but。
    3. (全国卷Ⅲ)In much of Asia, especially the so-called “rice bowl” cultures of , , , ________ , food is usually eaten with chopsticks.
    答案与解析 and 几个国家之间是并列关系,故用and连接。
    4. (2020·浙江高考1月卷)It's also that they are on average ________ more productive for longer.
    答案与解析 and 在该句中设空前的healthier和设空后的more productive是并列关系,故用并列连词and。
    5. (2018·浙江高考11月卷)Small amounts of caffeine— cup ________ of coffee a day—seem safe for most people.
    答案与解析 or 句意:对于大多数人来说,少量的咖啡因——每天一杯或者两杯似乎是安全的。根据句意可知,此处表“或者”, 故填连词or。
    6. (广东高考)One day, the cow grass ________ it began to rain heavily.
    答案与解析 when 句意:一天,这头奶牛正在吃草,突然下起了大雨。be doing sth. when ...是固定结构,意为“正在做某事这时……”。 when是并列连词,意为“这时……”。
    【技巧微点】


    策略二 考查定语从句---成分分析法
    【考情再现】
    7. (2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed the core collection of ________ opened in 1759.
    答案与解析 which/that 分析句子结构可知,此处是限定性定语从句,先行词是the British Museum,从句中缺少主语,应用关系代词which/that引导定语从句。故填which/that。
    8. (2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Because the moon's body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a ________ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.
    答案与解析 where 句意:中国首先必须把一颗人造卫星送入月球轨道上的一个点,人造卫星可以在这个点向航天器和地球发射信号。分析句子可知,该句是定语从句,先行词是a spot,指地点,从句中缺少地点状语,应用关系副词where引导定语从句。故填where。
    9. (2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at in Macclesfield, ________ she with her late husband Les.
    答案与解析 which 句意:现在艾琳阿斯特伯里每天早上9点到下午5点在迈克尔斯菲尔德的宠物店上班,这家店是她和已故的丈夫莱斯一起开的。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为the pet shop,指物,关系词在非限制性定语从句中作opened一词的宾语,故填which。
    10. (2019·全国卷Ⅲ)They were well trained by their ________ had great experience with caring for these animals.
    答案与解析 who/that 句意:它们被他们的主人训练得很好,它们的主人在照看动物方面经验丰富。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导定语从句,先行词为masters(主人),指人,关系词在从句中作主语,应用关系代词who/that引导定语从句。
    11. (2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Two of the authors of the review also made a published in 2014________ a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.
    答案与解析 that/which 句意:该报告中的其中两名作者在2014年发表了一项研究,该项研究表明每天只跑5至10分钟便可以降低患心脏病或由于各种原因导致过早死亡的危险。先行词为study, 指物,从句中缺少主语,故用关系代词that/which引导定语从句。
    12. (2018·全国卷Ⅱ)The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government started ________ specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers—and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.
    答案与解析 that/which 定语从句的先行词是programme, 指物,根据空后的谓语动词gives可知,从句中缺少主语,故用关系词that或which引导定语从句。
    13. (2020·天津高考5月卷)Mr. Smith owned this oil painting until , ________ he gave it to his grandson.
    答案与解析 when 分析句子结构可知,该句是非限制性定语从句,先行词是the early 1990s,指时间,从句中缺少时间状语,故用关系副词when引导非限制性定语从句。
    14. (2020·江苏高考) are now available online, from ________ students can choose for free.
    答案与解析 which 该句是非限制性定语从句,先行词是many lessons,关系词在从句中作介词from的宾语,应用关系代词which引导定语从句。
    15. (2020·天津高考7月卷), ________ resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing.
    答案与解析 whose 分析句子结构可知,“________ secretary resigned two weeks ago”是非限制性定语从句,修饰Dr. Rowan,关系词在从句中作定语,修饰secretary,表示“……的”,应用关系代词whose引导非限制性定语从句。
    【技巧微点】
    1. 分析句子成分是关键

    2. 注意特殊点
    ①当先行词为表示抽象地点的名词,如point, situation, case, stage等,若在从句中作状语,用关系副词where引导定语从句;若作主语或宾语,则用关系代词that/which。
    ②介词(短语)后,关系代词常用which或whom。
    ③that不用于非限制性定语从句,先行词为those指人时,用who引导定语从句。
    策略三 考查名词性从句---两步法确定连接词
    【考情再现】
    16. (2018·全国卷Ⅲ) ________ more frightened, me or the female gorilla (大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere.
    答案与解析 who 句意:“我”不确定是谁受到了更大的惊吓,是“我”还是那只不知从哪里突然蹦出来的雌性大猩猩。 I'm not sure 后为宾语从句,从句中缺少主语,再结合后面的范围me or the female gorilla 可知,空处表“谁”,故用who引导宾语从句。
    17. (全国卷Ⅱ)As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians exactly ________ the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.
    答案与解析 how 根据语境和设空后的形容词thick可知,应用how引导宾语从句,表示程度。此处表示要弄清楚到底土坯房的墙需要“多”厚,故填how。
    18. (2020·浙江高考7月卷)Over thousands of years, they began to depend less ________ or gathered from the wild, and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.
    答案与解析 what 分析句子成分可知,“______ could be hunted or gathered from the wild”作介词on的宾语,从句部分缺少主语,又根据句意,此处指“什么”,故用what引导宾语从句。
    19. (2020·天津高考7月卷)The student completed this experiment to come true ________ Professor Joseph .
    答案与解析 what 分析句子结构可知,“________ Professor Joseph had said”作make的宾语,该从句中,空处在从句中作said的宾语,表“……所说的话”,应用what引导宾语从句。
    20. (2020·江苏高考)It is not a problem ________ ; it's just a matter of time.
    答案与解析 whether 句意:我们能否打赢这场战斗不是问题;这只是时间问题。根据下文it's just a matter of time可知,此处指“我们能否打赢这场战斗不是问题”,it是形式主语,whether引导的从句是真正的主语。
    21. (2020·天津高考5月卷)My grandmother helped me believe that I could ________ I put my mind .
    答案与解析 whatever 分析句子可知,此处是宾语从句连接词,从句缺少宾语,应用连接代词,此处用“无论什么”符合语境,故填whatever。
    22. (2019·北京高考)What students do at college seems to matter much more than ________ they .
    答案与解析 where 句意:学生在大学里做什么似乎比去哪里(上学)更重要。根据句意可知,此处表“去哪里上学”,引导词在从句中作地点状语。故填where。
    【技巧微点】
    1. 两步法确定连接词

    2. 关注4个句式
    ①That is because ... “这是因为……”。
    ②That is why ... “这是为什么……”。
    ③The reason is that ... “原因是……”。
    ④There is no doubt that ... “毫无疑问……”。
    策略四 考查状语从句---逻辑判断法与句型判断法
    【考情再现】
    23. (2020·全国卷Ⅲ)________ the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and pointed down the river.
    答案与解析 When/As 句意:当他问河岸上的村民,他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时,他们笑着指着河的下游。本句为时间状语从句,表“当……时候”,且从句中动词asked为短暂性动作动词,不能用while引导,故应用when或as引导。句首单词首字母要大写。故填When/As。
    24. (2019·全国卷Ⅲ)On our way to the house, it was ________ we couldn't help wondering how long it would take to get there.
    答案与解析 so 句意:在我们去那座房子的路上,雨下得那么大以至于我们不禁想还要多久才能到达那里。根据句意并分析句子结构可知,此句含“so...that...”引导的结果状语从句,故填so。so ... that ... 意为“如此……以至于……”。
    25. (2020·江苏高考)They decide to have more workers for the project ________ it won't be delayed.
    答案与解析 so 句意:他们决定为这项工程增加工人,以免耽搁。空后it won't be delayed是前面采取措施的目的,应用so that引导目的状语从句,且空后已有that,故填so。
    26. (2020·天津高考7月卷)—Why do people like pop music? I hate it so much.
    — ________ it is not your style, that doesn't mean it is bad.
    答案与解析 though/if 前半句说:它不是你的风格;后半句说:这并不意味着流行音乐不好。很明显,前后两句之间是转折关系,空处引导让步状语从句。设空前已有Even,故此处是even though/if引导的让步状语从句,故填though/if。
    27. (2020·天津高考5月卷) ________ he could give her sympathy, any practical help was almost beyond him.
    答案与解析 Although/Though/While 句意:虽然他能给她同情,但是他几乎无法提供任何实际的帮助。前后文是转折关系,故用Although/Though/While引导让步状语从句。
    28. (2019·天津高考)Tom is so independent that he asks his parents' opinion ________ he wants their support.
    答案与解析 unless 句意:汤姆非常独立,以至于他从来不征求父母的意见,除非他想得到他们的支持。根据句意可知,此处应用unless “除非”引导条件状语从句。
    29. (2019·江苏高考)The doctor shares his phone number with the patients ________ they need medical assistance.
    答案与解析 in 句意:医生给了病人他的手机号码,以防病人需要医疗援助。根据语境结合设空后的case可知,此处填in, 构成 in case“以防”引导状语从句。
    【技巧微点】
    1. 逻辑判断法
    设空前后两个句子之间含有一定的逻辑关系时,利用句意分析确定恰当连词。
    2. 时间先后法,利用时间先后法巧定时间状语从句引导词
    ①动作同时发生: when, whenever, while, as等。
    ②动作接连发生: as soon as, the minute, immediately, once等。
    ③先后发生: before, after等。
    ④动作的延续: since。
    ⑤动作的终止或开始: till/until。
    3. 句型判断法根据记忆对号入座
    原因状语从句
    as, because, since, now that
    地点状语从句
    where, wherever
    目的状语从句
    so that, in order that, for fear that, in case
    结果状语从句
    so that, so ... that ..., such ... that ...
    条件状语从句
    if, unless, so/as long as, in case
    让步状语从句
    though/although/while, as, even if/though, however, whether ... or ..., whatever, whoever, no matter how/what/which

    策略五 考查祈使句、感叹句和省略句---句式推理法
    【考情再现】
    1. (2018·全国卷Ⅱ)China's approach to protecting its environment (feed) its citizens offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide.
    答案与解析 feeding 空格处表示正在进行的动作,while后面省略掉了China is。根据省略句的原则:在时间状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句中,从句的主语和主句的主语一致且从句中含有be动词时,可把从句中主语和be动词一起省略,故填feeding。
    2. (全国卷Ⅱ)It could be anything—gardening, cooking, music, sports but whatever it is, (make) sure it's a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.
    答案与解析 make 分析句子结构可知,并列连词but连接两个句子。第二个句子中whatever引导让步状语从句,其后应该是主句。祈使句可以充当主句,故该空填动词原形作谓语。
    3. (上海高考)I was impressed by ________ she was.
    答案与解析 how 设空后是形容词selfless, 故应用how引导感叹句,同时在句中引导宾语从句。
    【技巧微点】
    1. 祈使句的4种句式
    ①动词原形(+宾语+其他成分)
    ②Be+表语,如:Be honest.
    ③Let's/Let us do/not do sth.
    ④祈使句+and/or+简单句(简单句谓语用一般将来时)
    2. 感叹句的3种句式(常与宾语从句结合在一起考查)
    ①What (+a/an)+形容词+名词+主语+谓语/系!
    ②How+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+主语+谓语/系!
    ③How+形容词/副词+主语+系/谓语!
    3. 记准状语从句2个省略条件
    状语从句如满足以下2个条件,从句的主语和be动词可省略。
    ①在when, while, whenever, till, as soon as, if, unless, as if, though, as等引导的状语从句中,从句谓语有be动词。
    ②主句主语与从句主语一致或从句主语是it。
    策略六 考查强调句和倒装句---特殊结构确定法
    【考情再现】
    4. (2018·天津高考) only when the car pulled up in front of our house ________ we saw Lily in the passenger seat.
    答案与解析 that 去掉题干的It was和空处后,这个句子结构仍完整,故该句是强调句,被强调部分是时间状语“only when the car pulled up in front of our house”,故填that。
    5. (2017·天津高考)________ when I got back to my apartment I first came across my new neighbours.
    答案与解析 It 本句是强调句式,被强调部分为when引导的时间状语从句,根据基本结构“It is/was ... that ...”可知,设空处填It。
    6. (江苏高考) ________ they encourage the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas.
    答案与解析 did 句意:直到近期,他们才开始鼓励农村地区发展与旅游有关的活动。not until位于句首时,主句需用部分倒装,此处指过去所发生的动作,需用一般过去时,故填did。
    【技巧微点】
    1. 牢记强调句的3个句式
    ①强调句型的基本构成:It is/was+被强调的部分+that/who+其他部分。被强调部分可以是主语、宾语和状语等。
    ②not ... until的强调句型:It is/was not until ...+that+其他部分。
    ③助动词do/does/did+动词原形,表“一定/务必”。
    2. 部分倒装的3个句式
    ①表否定的短语:at no time, by no means, not until, not only等,置于句首,句子要用部分倒装语序。
    ②“only+状语(从句)”置于句首时,句子(主句)才倒装;“only+主语”置于句首,句子不倒装。
    ③当so ... that, such ... that中的so和such置于句首时,主句主谓部分倒装。
    【检测训练】
    1
    阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
    Money buys happiness
    A recent study carried out by researchers at the University of Warwick claims to show conclusively that money can by you happiness. There has always been an1. (assume) that the more money you have, the happier you are, but until now it has been2. (surprise) difficult to prove.
    The study, which is based on the3. (respond) of 9,000 families in the 1990s, looked at the effects of windfalls(意外之财)—such as a lottery win or the receipt of an inheritance—4. people’s wellbeing. It found that5. (receive) just £1,000 is sufficient to change the average person’s outlook on life, though it would take at least £1 million to jump from being very unhappy and6. (satisfy) to being very happy and content. And of course, a millionaire would require considerably more to make the same leap.7. ,it seems the happiness gained from money does not last and the8. (please) disappears as you get used to it.
    Professor Andrew Oswald,9. led the research, also points out that money is not the only source of contentment, and other factors, such as10. strong marriage, play an important role.
    2
    阅读下列材料,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
    If the three Rs (reduce, reuse and recycle) is a guideline to save the planet, garbage—sorting is 11. the efforts start. Since May 1,Beijing 12. (start) to carry out mandatory (强制性的) garbage—sorting in new efforts to better protect the environment. Under the new regulation, residents are required to classify household waste into four 13. (category): kitchen, recyclable, hazardous and other waste. People who fail to sort their garbage properly can 14. (fine) from 50 to 200 yuan, reported Xinhua.
    According to CGTN, online guidelines have been launched 15. (instruct) resident show to practice better waste management. If people don't know how to sort the garbage, they can search 16. it on the WeChat account Guanchenglishi.
    According to a report by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, over 90 percent of 17. public believe that garbage—sorting is important for the protection of the environment. However, garbage—sorting is still 18. big problem in China. Only 30 percent of participants think they are 19. (adequate) sorting their garbage. 20. , there is still along way to go.
    3
    阅读下面材料,在空格处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号中单词的正确形式。
    As of June, China had about 285 million Internet users living in rural areas, 21. (account) for over 30 percent of the country’s total, according to a recent report on China’s Internet development. The number of rural Internet users in China 22. (grow) by over 30 million in the last few months.
    The report said the Internet is playing a 23. (great) role than ever in the country’s poverty(贫困) reduction efforts, with the public’s participation in and recognition of relevant campaigns on the rise. It said as of June,online promotions of 24. (agriculture) products from remote areas had reached more than half of the Chinese Internet users, 25. that more than one third of netizens had bought such products via online platforms.
    Meanwhile, the report shows that e-commerce livestreaming(直播) grew 26. (increasing) active in the first half of the year. As of June, the number of e-commerce livestreaming users in China had hit 309 million, up 16.7 percent from March. China saw over 10 million livestreaming marketing activities in the first half of this year, attracting over 50 billion 27. (view), the report noted.
    The report said the Internet can contribute significantly 28. China’s anti-poverty goal by providing jobs, social security and medical service information for 29. poor and allowing children in poverty-stricken areas 30. (access) better education.
    4
    阅读下面材料,在空格处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号中单词的正确形式。
    It’s not unusual for a person to help someone else out without getting anything in return. But this31. (behave) hadn’t been seen in birds. That’s why scientists created an experiment32. (design) to test whether African grey parrots were willing to help each other out.
    The first step was to teach the parrots to trade tokens (代币) for food, 33. were small metal rings. When the parrots gave these tokens back to the researchers, every time each parrot was given 34. walnut they enjoyed. Once they knew how35. (exchange) tokens for walnuts, two parrots were put in clear plastic cages next to each other, 36. an opening between the two cages.
    There was a feeding window in both cages that allowed the scientists to give walnuts to the parrots. Then the feeding window 37. (close) for one of the parrots, who had been given ten tokens. The results showed this parrot that couldn’t trade for walnuts would pass a token 38. (eager), beak-to-beak, to the bird in the next cage, who could then trade it for a walnut.
    “Many of the parrots tested passed all 10 tokens, always 39. (watch) how their partners got the food and getting nothing for 40. (they). How unselfish they were!” said Desiree Brucks, the lead scientist.
    5
    阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
    Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles’ song“The Long and Winding Road”. 41. is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we 42. (human) are.
    The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It will 43. (undoubted) help you get refreshed! The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the 44. (hot) the spring! Strange, isn’t it? But that’s how nature is — always leaving us 45. (astonish).
    What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it 46. (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure 47. offers a place where you can sit down to rest your 48. (ache) legs.
    As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitor’s memory. It sure does in 49. (I).While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is 50. must to visit!
    6
    阅读下面短文,在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
    A new bill has been 51. (official) passed in the Philippines that requires students to plant 10 trees each before graduation. According to the details 52. (outline) in the bill, the rule applies to all students who are to graduate from primary school, high school, and college. Trees can be planted in 53. forests, reserves, urban areas, abandoned mining sites, or in communities.
    Over the past decades, the Philippines 54. (lose) more than 30% of its forest cover due to 55. (legal) logging (伐木),but the new bill means that the younger generation can help to address the problem. Under the new rule, 175 million new trees could be planted by students each year. If only 10% of them survive, 56. means that 525 billion trees can grow up over the course of one generation.
    In fact, this isn't the only positive rule 57. concerns the younger generation. One school in India made its students 58. (pay) their school fees by collecting, bringing to school, and recycling plastic waste that was lying 59. the town. This helped raise 60. (aware) of plastic waste in Asian countries. It also allowed more students to seek education and even helped the students to earn some money so they wouldn't have to rely on child labour for a living.
    7
    阅读下面短文,在空格处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
    When61. (approve) to be volunteer for American Peace Corps(中美友好志愿者项目), I was excited but also anxious.
    My task was to introduce traditional Chinese painting to Americans who came to China by using PowerPoint.
    When I was making my PPT, I discovered that there were many differences between Chinese and Western art cultures, so the most difficult problem62. (face) me was to translate painting terms from Chinese to English.
    For example, when I tried to translate “意境”, which is a very common word in traditional Chinese painting, I found the phrase “artistic conception” on the Internet. However, I asked my American friend Dino, a volunteer I met at work, and he said the translation was strange and unreasonable and couldn't63. (understand) at all.
    So how could I solve this translation problem? We-had a heated discussion that evening, but we64. (eventual) found a phrase in the spirit of traditional Chinese painting. We decided that “意境” means the use of abstraction to arouse a viewer’s imagination. Therefore, we could translate it as “poetic imagery”. I understood that the secret to translation is to interpret the65. (origin) meaning of the words in a certain context rather than invent a concept that does not exist in American culture.
    But that wasn't the end of the challenge. When I was doing my detailed66. (present) on stage, there was a power cut, as a consequence of67. I could not use PPT! What could I do? I frowned and thought about it. Finally, I took a deep breath to calm myself What I said was based on my memory.
    I showed brushes, ink68. xuan paper to begin introducing the tools of Chinese painting. I thought I would be very nervous, but as I went on, I forgot all my69. (tense) and became fluent. When I finished my speech, everyone clapped70. me. I was so proud of myself.
    8
    阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容 (1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
    The internet raised its collective eyebrows 71. (recent) after Chinese state media claimed that online shopping, high-speed rail, bike sharing and electronic payment systems are China’s “four new great inventions.”
    Last week, government-run Xinhua News Agency said the country deserved credit for the discoveries, 72. (compare) them to the innovations of ancient China: compass, gunpowder, paper, and printing. Xinhua’s article noted that “Among the four, high-speed rail and online shopping aren’t from China, but we bring the inventions to the world’s top level with our73. (intelligent) and innovation, and make74. (they) China’s calling card.”
    However, just a little research will show that not one of the75. (claim) inventions originated from China. Online shopping76. (invent) and pioneered by Michael Aldrich in77. U.K. in 1979, while the Japanese operated the first modern high-speed rail in 1964. Meanwhile, E-payment systems have been used in the United States since the 1990s, while bike-sharing78. (service) were already a thing in Europe way back in the 1960s.
    79. the origins, in recent years, a number of China’s technological innovations have been making their moves in the world. Among them, four stand out with a reputation of China’s "four great new inventions" in modern times, 80. have made the daily life of the public more and more convenient.
    9
    阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
    "Take good care of yourself, my darling, not just for your own sake, but for mine also," wrote 81. unknown serviceman stationed in the Waziristan region.
    The letter is one of the 717 that were never delivered by the ship, the SS Gairsoppa, which 82. (destroy) off the coast of Ireland by a German U-boat on February 16th, 1941. Of the 86 crew members 83. board, only one survived.
    With a 84. ( hand) of the more complete letters displayed in an exhibition at the Postal Museum in London in 2018, the museum has been working on the more damaged letters intending 85. (expose ) wartime lives.
    Two other letters are from a father to his children in Torquay, 86. the museum believes they may have escaped. The father wrote, “Mummy will send you back to Wycombe sooner or later. Meanwhile we all have to make the 87. (good) of things as they are: the war has upset most people's dreams and 88. (mode) of living including mine!”
    “It feels somewhat mournful and appropriate to unite these letters on the 89. (eighty) anniversary of the ship's sinking," said conservator Jackie Coppen. "It is inevitable that while 90. (piece) the letters together I have come to form a close relationship with them.”
    10
    阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
    China launched 91. (it) first Mars probe (探测器) on a Long March-5 rocket from the Wenchang Space Launch Center in Hainan province on Thursday, marking the start of the nation's planetary exploration program.
    China's first Mars probe92. (call) Tianwen-1, which means Questions to Heaven and comes from a poem written by Qu Yuan (about 340-278 BC), one of the93. (great) poets of ancient China. The name signifies the Chinese nation's perseverance (坚持不懈) in pursuing 94. (true) and science and exploring nature and 95. universe.
    If everything goes according to schedule, the 5-metric ton Tianwen-1, which consists of two major parts — an orbiter and a landing capsule — will travel more 96. 400 million kilometers in nearly seven months before 97. (get) captured (捕捉) by the Martian gravitational field. Several mid-course and deep-space correction maneuvers will be made during the spaceflight98. (make) sure the probe is aimed at the red planet. After the probe99. (successful) enters Mars orbit, it will circle around the planet for two to three months to investigate the landing capsule's preset landing site and release the landing capsule, 100. will gradually drop through the Martian atmosphere.

    参考答案
    1
    1. assumption
    2. surprisingly
    3. response
    4. on
    5. receiving
    6. unsatisfied
    7. However
    8. pleasure
    9. who
    10. a
    【解析】本文是说明文。介绍沃里克大学的研究人员最近进行的一项研究表明,金钱可以买到幸福。但金钱不是满足感的唯一来源, 其他因素,如牢固的婚姻,也起着重要作用。
    1. 考查名词。句意:一直以来都有这样一种假设,你拥有的钱越多,你就越幸福,但直到现在,要证明这一点还是出人意料地困难。空格前有不定冠词,所以用单数名词,故填assumption.
    2. 考查副词。 句意:一直以来都有这样一种假设:你拥有的钱越多,你就越幸福,但直到现在,要证明这一点还是出人意料地困难。修饰形容词difficult 用副词,表示"惊人地”,故填surprisingly。
    3. 考查名词。句意:这项研究,基于上世纪90年代9000个家庭的调查结果,研究了意外之财——诸如中彩票或继承遗产——对人们幸福的影响。作介词的宾语,所以用名词,根据句意,此处表示抽象概念,为不可数名词,故填response。
    4. 考查介词。句意:这项研究基于上世纪90年代9000个家庭的调查结果,研究了意外之财———诸如中彩票或继承遗产——对人们幸福的影响。和前面的effect搭配,表示".....的影响",常和on连用,故填on。
    5. 考查动名词。 句意:它发现仅1000英镑就足以改变普通人的人生观,尽管至少需要100万英镑从非常不快乐和不满意跳到非常快乐和满足。分析句子可知,空格处是主语,表一般性的动作,所以用动名词,故填receiving。
    6. 考查形容词。句意:它发现仅1000英镑就足以改变普通人的人生观,尽管至少需要100万英镑从非常不快乐和不满意跳到非常快乐和满足。and连接unhappy和空格处作being的表语,所以用形容词,根据句意,表示"不满意的",说明人的感受,用unsatisfied,故填unsatisfied。
    7. 考查副词。句意:当然,一个百万富翁需要更多的钱才能实现同样的飞跃。然而,似乎从金钱中获得的快乐不会持久,当你习惯了它,快乐就会消失。根据句意,前后是转折关系,前面是句号,后面有逗号,所以用连接副词however,故填However。
    8. 考查名词。句意:当然,一个百万富翁需要更多的钱才能实现同样的飞跃。然而,似乎从金钱中获得的快乐不会持久,当你习惯了它,快乐就会消失。冠词修饰名称,此处作主语,由disappears以及句意可知,表示抽象概念,用作不可数名词,故填pleasure。
    9. 考查非限制性定语从句。句意:领导这项研究的Andrew Oswald教授也指出,金钱不是满足感的唯一来源, 其他因素,如牢固的婚姻,也起着重要作用。分析句子可知,空格处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为人,在非限制性定语从句中作主语,故填who。
    10. 考查冠词。句意:领导这项研究的Andrew Oswald教授也指出,金钱不是满足感的唯一来源,其他因素,如牢固的婚姻,也起着重要作用。根据句意,此处泛指“一个牢固的婚姻”,所以用不定冠词,strong 发音以辅音音素开头,故填a。
    2
    11. where
    12. has started
    13. categories
    14. be fined
    15. to instruct
    16. for
    17. the
    18. a
    19. adequately
    20. So/Therefore
    【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了自5月1日起,北京开始强制进行垃圾分类,以更好地保护环境。并介绍了垃圾分类的指导方针,惩罚措施。尽管超过90%的公众认为垃圾分类对保护环境很重要。然而,垃圾分类在中国仍然是一个大问题。还有很长的路要走。
    11. 考查连接词。句意:如果三个Rs(减少、再利用和回收)是拯救地球的指导方针,那么垃圾分类就是努力的起点。分析句子可知,is后接表语从句,根据句意,从句缺少表示地点的连接副词。故填where。
    12. 考查时态。句意:自5月1日起,北京开始强制进行垃圾分类,以更好地保护环境。Since+过去时间点,句子为现在完成时,且主谓为主动关系,主语为Beijing。故填has started。
    13. 考查名词。句意:根据新规定,居民须将生活垃圾分为四类:厨房垃圾、可回收垃圾、有害垃圾和其他垃圾。category为可数名词,且有four修饰。 故填categories。
    14. 考查语态。句意:据新华社报道,垃圾分类不正确的人将被处以50元至200元不等的罚款。主语People与fine为被动关系,且置于can之后。故填be fined。
    15. 考查动词不定式。句意:据CGTN报道,网上已经发布了指导居民节目更好地处理垃圾的指南。分析句子可知,空处为动词不定式作目的状语。故填to instruct。
    16. 考查介词。句意:如果人们不知道如何分类垃圾,他们可以在微信账号Guananchenglishi上搜索。search for“搜索”为固定短语。 故填for。
    17. 考查冠词。句意:据生态环境部的一份报告显示,超过90%的公众认为垃圾分类对保护环境很重要。空处表示特指,用定冠词the。故填the。
    18. 考查冠词。句意:然而,垃圾分类在中国仍然是一个大问题。problem为可数名词,泛指“一个大问题”,且big首字母发音为辅音音素。 故填a。
    19. 考查副词。句意:只有30%的受访者认为他们对垃圾进行了充分的分类。副词修饰动词sort。故填adequately。
    20. 考查副词。句意:因此/所以,还有很长的路要走。分析句意可知,只有30%的受访者认为他们对垃圾进行了充分的分类,因此/所以,还有很长的路要走。故空处填副 词So/Therefore。故填So/Therefore。
    3
    21. accounting
    22. has grown
    23. greater
    24. agricultural
    25. and
    26. increasingly
    27. views
    28. to
    29. the
    30. to access
    【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要说明了根据最近一份关于中国互联网发展的报告,截至今年6月,中国农村地区的互联网用户约为2.85亿,占全国互联网用户总数的30%以上。随着公众对相关活动的参与度和认可度不断上升,互联网在中国的减贫工作中发挥着前所未有的重要作用。
    21. 考查非谓语动词。句意:根据最近一份关于中国互联网发展的报告,截至今年6月,中国农村地区的互联网用户约为2.85亿,占全国互联网用户总数的30%以上。分析句子结构可知account在句中应用非谓语动词形式,与逻辑主语285 million Internet users living in rural areas构成主动关系,故用现在分词作状语。故填accounting。
    22. 考查动词时态。句意:在过去几个月里,中国农村网民的数量增长了3000多万。根据后文“in the last few months”可知应用现在完成时,主语为The number of rural Internet users,助动词用has。故填has grown。
    23. 考查比较级。句意:报告称,随着公众对相关活动的参与度和认可度不断上升,互联网在中国的减贫工作中发挥着前所未有的重要作用。根据后文“than ever”可知应用比较级greater。故填greater。
    24. 考查形容词。句意:报告称,截至6月份,超过一半的中国网民看到了来自偏远地区的农产品在网上的促销活动,超过三分之一的网民通过网络平台购买了这些产品。修饰后文名词products,应用形容词agricultural,作定语。故填agricultural。
    25. 考查连词。句意:报告称,截至6月份,超过一半的中国网民看到了来自偏远地区的农产品在网上的促销活动,超过三分之一的网民通过网络平台购买了这些产品。结合前后语境,“超过一半的中国网民看到了来自偏远地区的农产品在网上的促销活动”与“超过三分之一的网民通过网络平台购买了这些产品”构成并列关系,应用连词and。故填and。
    26. 考查副词。句意:与此同时,该报告显示,电子商务直播在上半年变得越来越活跃。修饰后文形容词active,应用副词increasingly,作状语。故填increasingly。
    27. 考查名词的数。句意:该报告指出,今年上半年,我国直播营销活动超过1000万次,观看量超过500亿次。view此处表示“观看”为可数名词,由over 50 billion修饰应用复数形式。故填views。
    28. 考查介词。句意:报告称,通过为贫困人口提供就业、社会保障和医疗服务信息,以及让贫困地区的儿童获得更好的教育,互联网可以为中国的脱贫目标做出重大贡献。结合句意表示“有助于,促成”可知短语为contribute to。故填to。
    29. 考查冠词。句意:报告称,通过为贫困人口提供就业、社会保障和医疗服务信息,以及让贫困地区的儿童获得更好的教育,互联网可以为中国的脱贫目标做出重大贡献。此处为“the+形容词”表示一类人,此处表示贫困人口为“the poor”。故填the。
    30. 考查非谓语动词。句意:报告称,通过为贫困人口提供就业、社会保障和医疗服务信息,以及让贫困地区的儿童获得更好的教育,互联网可以为中国的脱贫目标做出重大贡献。结合句意表示“允许某人做某事”可知短语为allow sb. to do sth.。故填to access。
    4
    31. behavior/behaviour
    32. designed
    33. which
    34. a
    35. to exchange
    36. with
    37. was closed
    38. eagerly
    39. watching
    40. themselves
    【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一个人帮助别人却没有得到任何回报是很正常的。但这种行为在鸟类中没有发现。这就是为什么科学家们设计了一个实验来测试非洲灰鹦鹉是否愿意互相帮助。
    31. 考查名词。句意:但这种行为在鸟类中没有发现。根据空后的“hadn’t been seen”可知,空处需填名词作主语,behavior/ behaviour意为“行为”,是可数名词,this修饰单数可数名词。故填behavior/ behaviour。
    32. 考查非谓语动词。句意:这就是为什么科学家们设计了一个实验来测试非洲灰鹦鹉是否愿意互相帮助。分析句子结构可知,已有谓语动词created,空处需填非谓语动词作后置定语,修饰名词experiment,design和experiment为逻辑上的动宾关系。故填designed。
    33. 考查定语从句。句意:第一步是教鹦鹉用代币换食物,也就是小金属环。分析句子结构可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词tokens,指物,在定语从句中作主语,需用关系代词which引导。故填which。
    34. 考查冠词。句意:当鹦鹉把这些代币还给研究人员时,每只鹦鹉都会得到一颗它们喜欢的核桃。Walnut意为“核桃”,是可数名词,此处表示泛指,且walnut发音以辅音音素开头,需用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。
    35. 考查非谓语动词。句意:一旦他们知道如何用代币换核桃,两只鹦鹉就会被放在相邻的透明塑料笼子里,两个笼子之间有一个开口。“疑问词+to do”是固定用法,作动词knew的宾语,空处需填动词不定式。故填to exchange。
    36. 考查介词。句意同上。分析句子结构,此处为with的复合结构作状语,“with+宾语+宾语补足语”为固定结构。故填with。
    37. 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:然后,其中一只鹦鹉的喂食窗口关闭了,这只鹦鹉得到了10枚代币。空处缺少谓语动词,此处陈述过去发生的事情,需用一般过去时,主语the feeding window和close为被动关系,使用被动语态,主语为单数名词,be动词用was。故填was closed。
    38. 考查副词。句意:结果显示,这只不能交换核桃的鹦鹉会用嘴对嘴热切地将一个代币传递给另一只笼子里的鹦鹉,后者随后可以用它交换核桃。修饰动词would pass,需用副词eagerly作状语。故填eagerly。
    39. 考查非谓语动词。句意:许多鹦鹉通过了所有10个代币测试,总是看着自己的伴侣如何得到食物,而自己却什么都得不到。分析句子结构可知,已有谓语动词tested,空处需填非谓语动词作状语,主语Many of the parrots和watch为逻辑上的主谓关系,需用现在分词形式。故填watching。
    40. 考查代词。句意同上。句子的主语和宾语一致,需用反身代词作宾语。故填themselves。
    5
    41. What
    42. humans
    43. undoubtedly
    44. hotter
    45. astonished
    46. was
    47. and
    48. aching
    49. mine
    50. a
    【解析】本文属于说明文。文章介绍黄山的三种代表性的事物——云海,温泉以及台阶。
    41. 考查主语从句。句意:这次经历的惊人之处在于这世界之外的景色。此处是主语从句,从句缺乏主语,应用what引导,指代“经历的事情”。故填What。
    42. 考查名词复数。句意:当你站在黄山山顶看见波涛汹涌般的云海,你会想到我们人类是多么的渺小。human是we的同位语,we为复数,应用human的复数形式。故填humans。
    43. 考查副词。句意:它无疑会帮助你恢复精神!修饰动词help,应用副词undoubtedly“毫无疑问地”。故填undoubtedly。
    44. 考查形容词比较级。句意:关于黄山温泉让人惊讶的是,气温越低,温泉越暖和。此处是固定结构“the +比较级,the+比较级”,意为“越……,越……”。故填hotter。
    45. 考查形容词。句意:但大自然就是这样——总是让我们惊讶。此处是“leave +宾语+宾语补足语”,补充说明宾语us的感受,应用-ed结尾形容词。故填astonished。
    46. 考查一般过去时。句意:你不禁会想,对当时的人们来说,把这些石头都安置好有多难。分析句子可知,“how hard it 61 (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place”作wonder的宾语,it是从句的形式主语,不定式为真正主语,谓语动词用单数形式,安置台阶的石头为陈述过去的事情,应用一般过去时。故填was。
    47. 考查连词。句意:虽然在上山的路上,这是唯一不自然的事情,但它仍然突出了整个冒险,并且提供了一个你可以坐下来休息你疼痛的双腿的地方。分析句子可知,“highlights the whole adventure”与“offers a place”部分为并列关系,都是作it的谓语,故用并列连词and。
    48. 考查形容词。句意:虽然在上山的路上,这是唯一不自然的事情,但它仍然突出了整个冒险,并且提供了一个你可以坐下来休息你疼痛的双腿的地方。分析句子及语境可知,此处应用形容词aching“疼痛的”修饰名词legs,意为“疼痛的双腿”。故填aching。
    49. 考查代词。句意:正如歌中所唱,这条漫长而曲折的道路“永远不会消失”,它将永远留在游客的记忆中。对我来说确实如此。根据前一句“it will always stick in the visitor's memory”可知,本句为does指代前一句的stick,本句缺乏宾语,应用名词性物主代词mine指代my memory。故填mine。
    50. 考查冠词。句意:当你在中国的时候,黄山是一个你一定要去的地方。must作名词时,意为“绝对必要的事物”,为可数名词,此处泛指“一个必须去的地方”,应用不定冠词,must是以辅音音素开头的词,应用a。故填a。
    6
    51. officially
    52. outlined
    53. either
    54. has lost
    55. illegal
    56. it/that
    57. that
    58. pay
    59. across
    60. awareness
    【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述菲律宾正式通过一项新法案,要求每位学生在毕业前种植10棵树,以及印度的一所学校让学生通过收集、带到学校并回收堆放在镇上的塑料垃圾来支付学费,由此呼吁人民提高环保意识。
    51. 考查副词。句意:菲律宾正式通过一项新法案,要求每位学生在毕业前种植10棵树。分析句子可知,设空处修饰动词,应用副词形式,故填officially。
    52. 考查过去分词。句意:根据该法案中概述的细节,该规定适用于所有即将从小学、高中和大学毕业的学生。分析句子可知,设空处修饰名词details作定语,和名词之间是被动关系,应用过去分词,故填outlined。
    53. 考查固定搭配。句意:树木可以种植在森林、保护区、城市地区、废弃矿场或社区。短语either…or…,意为“或者……或者……”,根据句意,故填either。
    54. 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:在过去的几十年里,由于非法采伐,菲律宾已经失去了超过30%的森林覆盖,但这项新法案意味着年轻一代可以帮助解决这个问题。分析句子可知,设空处为谓语动词,根据时间状语Over the past decades,应用现在完成时, 主语the Philippines,指菲律宾,谓语要用单数,故填has lost。
    55. 考查形容词。句意:同上。分析句子可知,设空处修饰名词logging,应用形容词,根据下文菲律宾已经失去了超过30%的森林覆盖,可知应该是legal的反义词,故填illegal。
    56. 考查代词。句意:如果只有10%的树木存活下来,这意味着5250亿棵树可以在一代人的过程中生长。分析句子可知,设空处是主语,指代上文这件事,可以用it也可以用that,故填it/that。
    57. 考查定语从句。句意:事实上,这并不是唯一一条影响年轻一代的积极规则。分析可知,__ ___concerns the younger generation为定语从句,修饰先行词positive rule,关系词在从句中作主语,指物,并且前面有the only修饰,关系词只能用that,故填that。
    58. 考查固定用法。句意:印度的一所学校让学生通过收集、带到学校并回收堆放在镇上的塑料垃圾来支付学费。make sb. do sth.让某人做某事,该用法是固定用法,故填pay。
    59. 考查介词。句意:同上。分析句子可知,设空处为介词,意为“整个镇上”,介词across,意为“遍及”,根据语境,故填across。
    60. 考查名词。句意:这有助于提高亚洲国家对塑料垃圾的意识。分析句子可知,设空处为raise的宾语,应用名词形式awareness,为不可数名词,故填awareness。
    7
    61. approved
    62. facing
    63. be understood
    64. eventually
    65. original
    66. presentation
    67. which
    68. and
    69. tension/tensions
    70. for
    【解析】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者成为了中美友好志愿者项目志愿者,向来中国的美国人介绍中国传统绘画,在工作过程中领悟到翻译的秘诀是在一定的语境下解释词语的原意,而不是发明一个在美国文化中不存在的概念。最终作者顺利结束了自己的演讲。
    61. 考查省略句。句意:当我被批准成为中美友好志愿者项目的志愿者时,我既兴奋又焦虑。在when引导的时间状语从句中,当从句主语和主句主语一致且从句含有be的某种形式时,可省略从句的主语和be,从句完整形式为“When I was approved to be volunteer for American Peace Corps”,相当于省略了I was。故填approved。
    62. 考查非谓语动词。句意:当我在做PPT的时候,我发现中西方的艺术文化有很多差异,所以我面临的最大的难题就是如何将绘画术语从中文翻译成英文。分析句子结构可知face在句中应用非谓语动词形式,与逻辑主语problem构成主动关系,故应用现在分词作定语。故填facing。
    63. 考查动词语态。句意:但是我问了我在工作中遇到的美国朋友迪诺,他说翻译很奇怪,不合理,根本听不懂。此处主语translation与understand构成被动关系,且couldn’t后跟动词原形。故填be understood。
    64. 考查副词。句意:那天晚上我们进行了热烈的讨论,但最终我们找到了一个具有国画精神的短语。修饰后文动词find应用副词eventually,作状语。故填eventually。
    65. 考查形容词。句意:我明白了,翻译的秘诀是在一定的语境下解释词语的原意,而不是发明一个在美国文化中不存在的概念。修饰后文名词meaning,作定语,应用形容词original。故填original。
    66. 考查名词。句意:当我在舞台上做详细的演示时,突然停电,导致我无法使用PPT!空处作宾语,表示“演示”应用名词presentation,此处表特指应用单数。故填presentation。
    67. 考查定语从句。句意:当我在舞台上做详细的演示时,突然停电,导致我无法使用PPT!此处为“介词+关系代词”结构非限制性定语从句修饰上文句子there was a power cut,作介词的宾语,指事情,在“介词+关系代词”结构非限制性定语从句中应用which引导。故填which。
    68. 考查连词。句意:我展示了画笔、墨水和宣纸,开始介绍中国绘画的工具。此处画笔、墨水和宣纸为并列关系,应用连词and。故填and。
    69. 考查名词。句意:我以为我会很紧张,但随着我继续,我忘记了所有的紧张,变得流利。空处作宾语,表示“紧张”应用名词tension,此处可用单数也可用复数。故填tension/tensions。
    70. 考查介词。句意:当我结束演讲时,每个人都为我鼓掌。后跟代词作宾语,表示“为某人”应用介词for。故填for。
    8
    71. recently
    72. comparing
    73. intelligence
    74. them
    75. claimed
    76. was invented
    77. the
    78. services
    79. Despite
    80. which
    【解析】这是一篇说明文。中国官方媒体近日宣称,网络购物、高铁、自行车共享和电子支付系统是中国的“四大新发明”,这四项虽然起源不在中国,但是我们用自己的智慧和创新将这些发明带到了世界顶级水平,并使它们成为中国的名片。
    71. 考查副词。句意:中国官方媒体近日宣称,网络购物、高铁、自行车共享和电子支付系统是中国的“四大新发明”,最近互联网引起了人们的集体关注。修饰动词raised应用副词。故填recently。
    72. 考查现在分词。句意:上周,官方媒体新华社称,中国的这些发现值得称赞,并将其与古代中国的发明相比较:指南针、火药、纸张和印刷术。动词compare意为“比较”,和谓语动词之间没有连词,且和主语“government-run Xinhua News Agency”构成主动关系,所以应用现在分词作状语。故填comparing。
    73. 考查名词。句意:在这四个中,高铁和网络购物并非来自中国,但我们用自己的智慧和创新将这些发明带到了世界顶级水平,并使它们成为中国的名片。在介词with后应用名词作宾语。名词intelligence意为“智慧”,抽象概念,不可数。故填intelligence。
    74. 考查宾格。句意:在这四个中,高铁和网络购物并非来自中国,但我们用自己的智慧和创新将这些发明带到了世界顶级水平,并使它们成为中国的名片。在动词make后应用宾格them作宾语。故填them。
    75. 考查过去分词。句意:然而,只要稍加研究就会发现,所声称的发明中没有一项来自中国。动词claim意为“声称”,和谓语动词之间没有连词,和逻辑主语inventions构成被动关系,且动作已完成,所以应用过去分词作定语。故填claimed。
    76. 考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意:网上购物是由Michael Aldrich于1979在英国发明和开创的,而日本则在1964运行了第一条现代高速铁路。根据“in 1979”可知,此处应用一般过去时。动词invent和主语“Online shopping”构成被动关系。主语为第三人称单数。故填was invented。
    77. 考查定冠词。句意:网上购物是由Michael Aldrich于1979在英国发明和开创的,而日本则在1964运行了第一条现代高速铁路。在“U.K.”前应用定冠词the。故填the。
    78. 考查名词复数和主谓一致。句意:与此同时,电子支付系统自20世纪90年代开始在美国使用,而自行车共享服务早在20世纪60年代就已经在欧洲出现。根据were可知,主语为复数形式。故填services。
    79. 考查介词。句意:尽管起源(不在中国),但近年来,中国的一批技术创新在世界范围内大行其道。此处是指尽管这些起源都不在中国,但是近年来,中国的一批技术创新在世界范围内大行其道。在名词origins前应用介词despite表示“尽管”。在句首首字母应大写。故填Despite。
    80. 考查定语从句。句意:其中,四项脱颖而出,被誉为中国现代“四大新发明”,使公众的日常生活越来越方便。在非限制性定语从句中缺少主语,且先行词为four,所以应用关系代词which。故填which。
    9
    81. an
    82. was destroyed
    83. on
    84. handful
    85. to expose
    86. where
    87. best
    88. modes
    89. eightieth
    90. piecing
    【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲了通过修复因二战沉船而损坏的信件,我们了解到了那些尘封的往事。
    81. 考查冠词。句意:“照顾好你自己,亲爱的,不仅仅是为了你自己,也是为了我,”一位不知名的驻扎在瓦济里斯坦地区的军人写道。泛指“一位不知名的驻扎在瓦济里斯坦地区的军人” , 且unknown是以元音音素开头的词,用不定冠词an,故填an。
    82. 考查时态和语态。句意:1941年2月16日,Gairsoppa号在爱尔兰海岸被一艘德国潜艇击毁,这封信是717封信中的一封。分析句子结构,which ___ __(destroy) off the coast of Ireland by a German U-boat on February 16th, 1941.是一个定语从句,修饰先行词the SS Gairsoppa,关系词替代先行词,在从句中作主语,“the SS Gairsoppa”和“destroy”之间是被动关系,用被动语态;且描述发生在过去的事情,用一般过去时;主语the SS Gairsoppa是单数,谓语动词用单数,故填was destroyed。
    83. 考查固定短语。句意:船上86名机组人员中,只有一人幸存。on board 在船(火车、飞机)上,该短语是固定短语,故填on。
    84. 考查固定短语。句意:2018年,在伦敦邮政博物馆的一次展览中展出了一小部分更完整的信件,博物馆一直在研究破损程度更大的信件,旨在揭露战时生活。a handful of 一小部分,该短语是固定短语,故填handful。
    85. 考查固定用法。句意:2018年,在伦敦邮政博物馆的一次展览中展出了一些更完整的信件,博物馆一直在研究破损程度更大的信件,旨在揭露战时生活。intend to do sth. 想要做某事,该用法是固定用法,故填to expose。
    86. 考查定语从句。句意:另外两封信是一位父亲写给他在托基的孩子们的,博物馆认为他们可能已经逃到了托基。 __ ___ the museum believes they may have escaped. 是一个非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词Torquay,关系词在从句中作地点状语,用关系副词where引导该从句,故填where。
    87. 考查固定短语。句意:与此同时,我们所有人都必须尽量做到最好:战争打乱了大多数人的梦想和生活方式,包括我的!make the best of充分利用,该短语是固定短语,故填best。
    88. 考查名词。句意:与此同时,我们所有人都必须尽量做到最好:战争打乱了大多数人的梦想和生活方式,包括我的! 该空作has upset的宾语,用名词,根据“people's dreams”可知这里用名词复数,所以填modes。
    89. 考查序数词。句意:管理员杰基·科本说:“在这艘船沉没80周年之际把这些信件聚在一起,让人感到有些悲伤,这是非常合适的。”这里表示“80周年”,用序数词,故填eightieth。
    90. 考查非谓语动词。句意:在拼凑这些信件的过程中,我不可避免地与它们形成了一种亲密的关系。 while    (piece) the letters together为时间状语,“piece”与其逻辑主语“I”为主动关系,用现在分词,故填 piecing。
    10
    91. its
    92. is called
    93. greatest
    94. truth
    95. the
    96. than
    97. getting
    98. to make
    99. successfully
    100. which
    【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了周四,我国在海南省文昌航天发射中心用长征五号火箭发射了首个火星探测器,标志着我国行星探索计划的开始。
    91. 考查代词。句意:周四,我国在海南省文昌航天发射中心用长征五号火箭发射了首个火星探测器,标志着我国行星探索计划的开始。空处修饰空后的名词短语Mars probe,需用形容词性物主代词its。故填its。
    92. 考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意:中国第一个火星探测器叫做“天问一号”,意思是对天的疑问,出自中国古代最伟大的诗人之一屈原(约公元前340 ~ 278年)的一首诗。此处描述的是客观事实,使用一般现在时,主语China's first Mars probe和call是被动关系,需用一般现在时的被动语态,主语为单数名词,谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填is called。
    93. 考查形容词最高级。句意同上。one of +the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数,表示“最……的……之一”,此处应用great的最高级形式作定语,表示“古代中国最伟大的诗人之一”。故填greatest。
    94. 考查名词。句意:这个名字象征着中华民族追求真理和科学,探索自然和宇宙的坚持不懈。根据空后的and science可知,空处和science是由and连接的并列成分,词性应保持一致,需填名词truth意为“真理”。故填truth。
    95. 考查冠词。句意同上。名词universe(宇宙)为独一无二的事物,需用定冠词the修饰,表特指。故填the。
    96. 考查固定短语。句意:如果一切按计划进行, 5吨重的“天文一号”——由轨道飞行器和着陆器两个主要部分组成——将在近7个月内飞行4亿多公里,然后被火星重力场捕获。根据空前的more和空后的400 million kilometers可知,此处为固定短语more than,意为“多余,超出”。故填than。
    97. 考查非谓语动词。句意同上。空前的before是介词,后面需家动名词作宾语。故填getting。
    98. 考查非谓语动词。句意:在航天飞行期间,将进行几次中程和深空修正演习,以确保探测器瞄准这颗红色星球。结合语境可知,“进行几次中程和深空修正演习”的目的是“为了确保探测器瞄准这颗红色星球”,空处需填动词不定式作目的状语。故填to make。
    99. 考查副词。句意:探测器成功进入火星轨道后,将环绕火星运行两到三个月,考察着陆舱预定的着陆点,并释放着陆舱,着陆舱将逐渐穿过火星大气层下降。修饰动词enters,需用副词作状语。故填successfully。
    100. 考查定语从句。句意同上。分析句子结构可知,该空引导的是一个非限制性定语从句,从句缺少主语,先行词是the landing capsule,指物,此处用关系代词which引导。故填which。




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