高中英语牛津译林版 (2019)选择性必修 第一册Grammar and usage学案
展开1、学会本节单词、短语。
2、掌握本节句型表达与运用。
知识运用
1. emphasis
词性:_________ 意思:________
lay/put/place emphasis n sth. 强调/重视某事
emphasise(同emphasize)vt.强调;重视;着重
emphasise the imprtance f... 强调……的重要性
练习:One cannt __________ (emphasis) t much the ptential danger f nuclear energy.
2. advcate
词性:_________ 意思:________
词性:_________ 意思:________
advcate (ding) sth. 提倡(做)某事,主张(做)某事
advcate that… 提倡/主张……(从句的谓语动词用“shuld+动词原形”,shuld 可省略)
an advcate fr/f… ……的支持者/拥护者
advcate后接v.-ing做宾语,不能接动词不定式做宾语。
练习:We advcate ___________ (seek) a prper slutin fr these frictins and prblems n the basis f equal cnsultatin (协商).
3. belief
词性:_________ 意思:________
beynd belief令人难以置信
have belief in 相信……,信任……;怀有……信念
have/hld the belief that... 相信……
It's ne's belief that… =One's belief is that… 某人相信……
believe v. 相信,认为真实
believe sb. 相信某人(的话)
believe in sb. 信任某人
believe it r nt信不信由你
It is believed that... 人们相信……(It为形式主语)
练习:It is ur belief _________ imprvements in health care will lead t a mre prsperus(繁荣的) ecnmy.
语法解析
非谓语动词
1.动词不定式的功能
动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,在句中可以做主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语等多种成分。
(1)做主语
①含义:表示具体的或一次性的动作。
②谓语动词的数:动词不定式做主语时,谓语动词通常用单数形式。
③位置:动词不定式做主语时,可位于句首,也可位于句末。(it 做形式主语)
T d such things is very flish.
做这样的事情是很愚蠢的。
It is very interesting t play in the snw in winter.
冬天在雪地里玩是很有趣的。
注意:
不定式做主语时多数情况下可以用动名词替换,但在以下三种情况下不能替换:
①一些固定说法中;
②表示强烈的对比时;
③表示某一次具体的动作或具体的情况时。
T err is human.
人非圣贤,孰能无过。
T respect thers is t be respected.
尊重别人就是尊重自己。
T finish this wrk in ne day is impssible.
一天之内完成这项工作是不可能的。
(2)做宾语
①有些动词后常跟不定式(而不跟动词-ing形式)做宾语,如decide,affrd,agree,attempt,chse,determine,demand,expect,fail,hpe,manage,ffer,plan,prepare,pretend,prmise,refuse等。
We decided t leave early.
我们决定早点动身。
②用于“动词+ it +adj./n.+ t d sth.”结构中,其中it为形式宾语,动词不定式为真正的宾语。能用于该结构的动词有feel,find,think,believe,cnsider,make等。
I feel it my duty t help thers.
我觉得帮助别人是我的职责。
I find it pleasant t wrk with him.
我发现跟他一起工作挺愉快的。
(3)做表语动词不定式置于be,becme,sund,taste 等系动词后面做表语时,常表示将来的动作或起解释说明的作用,其主语常常是wish,idea,task,purpse,duty,jb等表示意向、打算、计划的词。
His dream is t becme an astrnaut.
他的梦想是成为一名宇航员。
(4)做定语
①动词不定式做定语可表示将来的还没发生的动作。
There are still many prblems t be slved befre we are ready fr a lng stay n the mn.
在我们准备长时间待在月球上之前,还有许多要处理的问题。
②序数词、形容词最高级或the last/the nly/the next等后常用动词不定式做定语。
He was the best man t d the jb.他是做这项工作的最佳人选。
③抽象名词time,way,reasn,chance,curage,ability,prmise,attempt等后常用动词不定式做定语。
He made a prmise t cme here n time tmrrw.
他许诺明天按时来这儿。
④smething,nthing,anything等不定代词后常用动词不定式做定语。
D yu have anything t say?
你有什么要说的吗?
(5)做状语动词不定式可做目的状语、原因状语、结果状语。
T catch the first bus, he gt up early.
为了赶头班车,他起得很早。(目的)
Glad t see yu.
见到你很高兴。(原因)
He gt t the statin nly t find the train had left.他到了车站却发现火车已经开走了。(结果)(6)做补语ask,tell,invite,get,advise,allw,want,permit, warn,rder,encurage,prefer,expect,frce,wish,beg等动词后可接动词不定式做补语。
My teacher encuraged me t study abrad.
我的老师鼓励我出国留学。
2.动词-ing形式的功能
动词-ing形式可做主语、宾语、表语、状语(时间状语、原因状语、结果状语、条件状语、让步状语、方式状语、伴随状语)、补语等。
Seeing is believing.
眼见为实。(主语、表语)
Wuld yu mind my smking?
你介意我抽烟吗?(宾语)
Being tired, I stpped t have a rest.
我累了,于是停下来休息。(原因状语)
I saw my children taking their bks t the library.
我看见我的孩子们带书去了图书馆。(补语)
3.动词-ed形式的功能
动词-ed形式可做表语、定语、状语、补语等。
I am tired nw.
我现在累了。(表语)
fallen leaves 落叶(定语)
Given mre time, I will d better.
如果给我更多的时间,我会做得更好。(状语)
I saw a whale killed by a grup f killer whales.
我看见一头鲸被一群虎鲸杀死了。(补语)
练习:
1. I remembered __________ (lck) the dr befre I left the ffice, but frgt t turn ff the lights.
2. New technlgies have made it pssible __________ (turn) ut new prducts faster and at a lwer cst.
3. The tw girls are s alike that strangers find it difficult _________ (tell) ne frm the ther.
4. Vlunteering gives yu a chance __________ (change) lives, including yur wn.
5. Peple want t listen t smene wh is _________ (interest), relaxed and cmfrtable.
6. Landing n the mn's far side is extremely ___________ (challenge).
7. After high schl, Jennifer attended a lcal technical cllege, _________ (wrk) t pay her tuitin(学费), because there was n extra mney set aside fr a cllege educatin.
8. I was always an enthusiastic reader, smetimes ___________ (read) up t three bks a day as a child.
9. One f his latest prjects has been t make plants glw(发光) in experiments _________ (use) sme cmmn vegetables.
10. The hspital has recently btained new medical equipment, __________ (allw) mre patients t be treated.
11. She decided t g back t cllege t advance her career and t be able t better supprt her family while __________ (d) smething she lves: nursing.
12. We've all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank r n an airplane, __________ (surrund) by peple wh are, like us, deeply fcused n their smartphnes r, wrse, struggling with the uncmfrtable silence.
13. __________ (rder) ver a week ag, the bks are expected t arrive any time nw.
14.__________ (raise) in the prest area f Glasgw, he had a lng, hard rad t becming a ftball star.
15.__________ (fund) in the early 20th century, the schl keeps n inspiring children's lve f art.
答案
知识运用
1. emphasise/ emphasize 2. seeking 3. that
语法解析
1. t lck 2. t turn 3. t tell 4. t change 5. interesting 6. challenging 7. wrking 8. reading 9. using 10. allwing 11. ding 12. surrunded 13. Ordered 14. Raised 15. Funded
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