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外研版（2019）高考英语一轮复习课时练习27 ：选择性必修2 Unit 3 Times change！(含解析)
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这是一份外研版（2019）高考英语一轮复习课时练习27 ：选择性必修2 Unit 3 Times change！(含解析)，共11页。试卷主要包含了 became 考查动词的时态， rapidly 考查副词， where 考查定语从句， valuable 考查形容词等内容，欢迎下载使用。
选择性必修第二册 Unit 3 Times change!
A组·基础巩固
Ⅰ. 语法填空
A
Technlgical changes brught dramatic new ptins t Americans 1. ________ (live) in the 1990s. During this decade new frms f entertainment, cmmerce, research, and cmmunicatin 2. ________ (becme) cmmnplace in the US. The driving frce behind much f this change was an innvatin ppularly knwn as the Internet.
The Internet was develped during the 1970s by the Department f Defense. In the case f an attack, military advisers suggested 3. ________ advantage f being able t perate ne cmputer frm anther terminal. In the early days, the Internet was used mainly by scientists t cmmunicate with ther scientists.
One early prblem faced by Internet users was speed. Phne 4. ________ (line) culd nly transmit infrmatin at a limited rate. The develpment f fiberptic (光纤) cables allwed billins f bits f infrmatin 5. ________ (receive) every minute. Cmpanies like Intel develped faster micrprcessrs, s persnal cmputers culd prcess the incming signals mre 6. ________ (rapid)．
In the early 1990s, the Wrld Wide Web was develped, in large part, 7. ________ cmmercial purpses. Crpratins created hme pages 8. ________ they culd place text and graphics t sell prducts. Sn airline tickets, htel reservatins and even cars culd be purchased nline. Universities psted research data n the Internet, s students culd find 9. ________ (value) infrmatin withut leaving their drmitries. Cmpanies sn discvered that wrk culd be dne at hme and submitted nline, s a whle new class f telecmmuters began t earn a living frm hme ffices unshaven and 10. ________ (wear) pajamas (睡衣)．
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了20世纪90年代科技的发展与变化。
1. living 考查非谓语动词。分析句式结构可知空格所在处作Americans的后置定语，Americans与live之间为主动关系，故填living。
2. became 考查动词的时态。此句中During this decade指20世纪90年代，是表示过去的时间状语，应用一般过去时，故填became。
3. the 考查冠词。句意：以防受到攻击，军事顾问建议使用这样的优势，可以从另一个终端操作一台电脑。advantage为特指，故填the。
4. lines 考查名词的单复数。line是可数名词，在句中作主语，故填lines。
5. t be received 考查非谓语动词。allw... t d sth. 表示“允许……做某事”；billins f bits f infrmatin和receive之间是被动关系，故填t be received。
6. rapidly 考查副词。句中rapid作状语，修饰动词prcess，故填rapidly。
7. fr 考查介词。句意：在20世纪90年代早期，人们研发出了万维网。这在很大程度上是为了商业目的。fr表示目的，故填fr。
8. where 考查定语从句。先行词hme pages在定语从句中作地点状语，故填where。
9. valuable 考查形容词。修饰名词infrmatin，应用形容词，故填valuable。
10. wearing 考查非谓语动词。wear pajamas在句中作伴随状语，和主语a whle new class f telecmmuters之间是主动关系，故填wearing。
B
Since 1972, mre than 800 cultural sites that are thught t be f special imprtance t human histry and culture 1. ________ (add) t the Wrld Heritage Site List. The Taj Mahal in India and the Imperial Tmbs f the Ming and Qing Dynasties in China are tw f the best knwn 2. ________ (example)．
The Taj Mahal, 3. ________ was built between 1631 and 1648, is 4. ________ (apparent) a masterpiece f architecture. It tk mre than 20，000 wrkers and 1，000 elephants 5. ________ (cmplete) the prject. Building the Taj Mahal was a labur f lve. It was built in memry f the emperr's belved wife. If the Taj Mahal is a 6. ________ (celebrate) f the heart, then the Imperial Tmbs f the Ming and Qing Dynasties are 7. ________ mnument t the mind and spirit. 8. ________ (build) by several emperrs between 1368 and 1915, the Imperial Tmbs represent Chinese cultural and histrical values.
Human life lasts nly a shrt time 9. ________ art and culture last frever. The UNESCO Wrld Cultural Heritage Sites prgramme attempts t preserve the best f human histry. Masterpieces such as the Taj Mahal and the Imperial Tmbs f the Ming and Qing Dynasties remind us 10. ________ what we can achieve at ur finest, and inspire us t live up t ur great past in the future.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。自从1972年以来，800多个文化遗址被列入世界遗产名录。印度的泰姬陵和中国的明清皇陵就是最著名的两个例子。
1. have been added 考查动词的时态和语态。根据时间状语Since 1972可知，应用现在完成时态，且主语cultural sites与谓语动词add之间是被动关系，故填have been added。
2. examples 考查名词的单复数。example为可数名词，根据空前的tw f可知，此处应用名词的复数形式，故填examples。
3. which 考查定语从句。此处为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词The Taj Mahal，且关系词在从句中作主语，指物，应用关系代词which，故填which。
4. apparently 考查副词。修饰句子要用副词apparently，故填apparently。
5. t cmplete 考查非谓语动词。It takes sb. sme time t d sth.为固定句型，表示“做某事花费某人多长时间”。故填t cmplete。
6. celebratin 考查名词。根据空前的不定冠词a可知，空处应用名词的单数形式，故填celebratin。
7. a 考查冠词。根据空后可数名词的单数形式mnument可知，前面要用不定冠词a/an表示泛指，且mnument以辅音音素开头，故填a。
8. Built 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，build在句中作非谓语动词，且与逻辑主语the Imperial Tmbs之间是被动关系，故应用其过去分词形式作状语。因为位于句首，所以首字母大写。故填Built。
9. but 考查连词。句意：人的生命只持续很短的一段时间，但是艺术和文化会永远延续。根据句意可知，前后句为转折关系，应用连词but。故填but。
10. f 考查固定用法。remind sb. f sth.表示“使某人想起某事”，为固定表达。故填f。
Ⅱ. 根据提示补全句子
1. 我坐在教室里做试卷时感到信心十足、精力旺盛。(状语从句的省略)
While sitting in the classrm and ding my papers, I felt cnfident and was full f energy.
2. 将近一天之后，他才意识到他的错误并向他的朋友彼得道歉。(befre)
It was nearly a day befre he realised his mistakes and aplgised t his friend, Peter.
3. 他们是否能够通过沟通达成协议还不清楚。(it作形式主语)
It's nt clear whether they are able t arrive at an agreement thrugh cmmunicatin r nt.
4. 很多人搬去纽约，使之成为美国最大的城市。(分词作状语)
Many peple mved t New Yrk, making it the largest city in the USA.
B组·能力提升
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
Histrians and archaelgists have defined perids f human histry fr centuries by the technlgies r materials that made the greatest impact n sciety. This includes the Stne Age, the Brnze Age, and the Irn Age. But what age are we in nw? That questin can be answered with ne wrd fr sme researchers: Plastics.
“Plastic has redefined ur material culture and the artifacts we leave behind. It will be fund in stratified (分层的) layers in ur trash depsits (沉积层)．” That's accrding t Jhn Marstn, an archaelgist.
The wide variety f synthetic plymers (合成聚合物) wuld nt exist if it weren't fr human actin. Abut six billin tns f plastics have been made and spread arund the planet. They have been spread frm frests t ceans ever since the first plastic plymers were invented.
Plastics are ne f the mst significant changes that humans have made t the Earth's makeup. Mst plastics dn't easily degrade. This nly adds t the prblem. Recycling isn't an adequate slutin. Nt all types f plastic are easily recyclable. And there are nly a few recycling plants that can prcess all varieties f plastic.
Accrding t Debra Winter, writer fr The Atlantic, this means that many f the materials thrwn int recycling bins can crss the planet several times befre they are prcessed. They are made int rugs, sweaters, r they are used t make ther bttles. Millins f tns f plastics are recycled every year, but millins mre end up in landfills r the cean. The prblem has reached the pint where it's pssible that in just a few decades there might be mre plastic in the wrld's ceans than fishes.
“Plastics have a suppsed lifespan f ver 500 years, s it's safe t say that every plastic bttle yu have used exists smewhere n this planet, in sme frm r anther，” Winter writes.
The damage may already be dne. It may be t late fr human ppulatins wrldwide t change their plastic using ways. S the Plastic Age might sn take its place next t the Brnze Age and the Irn Age in the histry f human civilisatin.
1. Why d peple call ur age the Plastic Age?
A. Because plastics are nt naturally made.
B. Because humans create plastics.
C. Because plastics influence the wrld greatly.
D. Because histrians and archaelgists think s.
2. Accrding t the passage, hw are mst plastics dealt with currently?
A. They are recycled.
B. They are degraded.
C. They are thrwn away.
D. They are made int bttles.
3. What is the authr's attitude t the Plastic Age?
A. Negative. B. Ambiguus. C. Favurable. D. Uncncerned.
4. What is the main idea f this passage?
A. Plastics have ruined ur envirnment.
B. We must stp using plastics altgether.
C. Human beings are in the Plastic Age.
D. Plastics are significant t human develpment.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。在我们所处的时代，塑料给我们的生活带来了很大便利，但是也给环境造成了巨大损害。
1. C 推理判断题。根据第一段第一句可知，历史学家和考古学家是使用对社会造成最大影响的技术或材料来界定人类历史时期的。由此可推知，我们称现在这个时代为塑料时代的原因是塑料极大地影响了世界，故C项正确。
2. C 细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Millins f tns f plastics are recycled every year, but millins mre end up in landfills r the cean.”可知，更多的塑料垃圾最终被扔到垃圾场或海洋中了，故C项正确。
3. A 观点态度题。根据全文内容可知，作者在文章中描述了塑料垃圾对社会的巨大的负面影响，尤其在最后一段中作者提到，塑料垃圾对社会可能已经造成了损害，人们改变使用塑料的方式可能太晚了。由此可推知，作者对塑料时代持消极态度，故A项正确。
4. C 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍的是我们人类现在处于塑料时代并解释了我们这个时代被称为塑料时代的原因。故选C。
Ⅱ. 完形填空
(2020·上海进才中学3月检测)President Clidge's statement “The business f America is business.” still pints t an imprtant truth tday that business institutins have mre prestige (威望) in American sciety than any ther kind f rganisatin, including the gvernment. Why d business in institutins 1 this great prestige?
One reasn is that Americans 2 business as being mre firmly based n the ideal f 3 than ther institutins in sciety. Since cmpetitin is seen as the majr 4 f prgress and prsperity by mst Americans, cmpetitive business institutins are 5 . Cmpetitin is nt nly gd in itself, but it is the means by which ther basic American 6 such as individual freedm, equality f pprtunity, and hard wrk are prtected.
Cmpetitin 7 the freedm f the individual by ensuring that there is n mnply (垄断) f pwer. In cntrast t ne allpwerful gvernment, many businesses cmpete against each ther fr 8 . Theretically, if ne business tries t take unfair advantage f its custmers, it will lse t cmpeting business which treats its custmers mre fairly. Where many businesses cmpete fr the custmers' dllars, they cannt affrd t 9 them like inferirs (下属) r slaves.
A 10 is ften made between business, which is cmpetitive, and the 11 ， which is a mnply. Because business is cmpetitive, many Americans believe that it is mre supprtive f freedm than the gvernment, even thugh gvernment leaders are elected by the peple and business leaders are nt. Many Americans believe, then, that cmpetitin is as imprtant, r even mre imprtant, than demcracy in preserving 12 .
Cmpetitin in business is als believed t 13 the ideal f equality f pprtunity. Cmpetitin is seen as an pen and fair race where success ges t the swiftest persn 14 his r her scial class backgrund. Cmpetitive success is cmmnly seen as the American 15 t scial rank based n the family backgrund. Business is therefre viewed as an expressin f the idea f equality f pprtunity rather than the aristcratic (贵族的) idea f inherited privilege.
1. A. qualify B. restrict C. impress D. pssess
2. A. refer B. view C. reflect D. cnfirm
3. A. cmpetitin B. cperatin C. admiratin D. determinatin
4. A. result B. cmpnent C. surce D. resurce
5. A. estimated B. respected C. admitted D. rejected
6. A. manners B. cultures C. values D. custms
7. A. prtects B. builds C. illustrates D. presents
8. A. prfits B. savings C. csts D. funds
9. A. attend B. treat C. serve D. charge
10. A. cmment B. cmplaint C. chice D. cntrast
11. A. department B. gvernment C. business D. ecnmy
12. A. security B. prices C. freedm D. discipline
13. A. strengthen B. define C. cherish D. supervise
14. A. as a result f B. by means f C. in terms f D. regardless f
15. A. cntributin B. slutin C. alternative D. appeal
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章说明了美国人认为竞争的工商业与垄断的政府经常形成鲜明对照。竞争不仅保护顾客的利益，也会保护商业机构，人们可以通过商业竞争实现他们的个人价值。
1. D 根据上文“business institutins have mre prestige (威望) in American sciety than any ther kind f rganisatin, including the gvernment”可知，商业机构比其他任何一种组织拥有更多的威望，包括政府在内。
2. B 根据下文可知，美国人认为企业更坚定地建立在竞争的理想之上。view... as... “把……视为……”。
3. A 根据下文可知，此处指企业更坚定地建立在竞争的理想之上。
4. C 根据下文可知，竞争被大多数美国人视为进步和繁荣的主要源泉。
5. B 根据第一段中的“business institutins have mre prestige (威望) in American sciety than any ther kind f rganisatin”可知，有竞争力的商业机构会受到尊重。
6. C 下文列举的都是美国的基本价值观，故选C。
7. A 句意：竞争通过确保权力不被垄断来保护个人的自由。
8. A 根据下文“cmpete fr the custmers' dllars”可知，企业是为了利润而相互竞争的。
9. B 根据上文“it will lse t cmpeting business which treats its custmers mre fairly”可知，此处指对待顾客的方式。
10. D 根据上下文可知，商业之间的竞争性与政府的垄断性形成一种对比。
11. B 商业是具有竞争性的，而政治往往是垄断性的，由政府掌控。二者形成对比。另外，下文中的“it is mre supprtive f freedm than the gvernment”也体现了此处指的是垄断性的政府。
12. C 根据上文“Because business is cmpetitive, many Americans believe that it is mre supprtive f freedm than the gvernment, even thugh gvernment leaders are elected by the peple and business leaders are nt.”可知，此处是在讨论自由的问题。
13. A 根据下文“Cmpetitin is seen as an pen and fair race where success ges t the swiftest persn”可知，竞争被视为一场公开而公平的竞赛，成功属于跑得最快的人，那么竞争也被认为加强了机会均等的理想。
14. D 根据上文“Cmpetitin is seen as an pen and fair race”可知，竞争被视为一场公开而公平的竞赛，那么无论(regardless f)这个人的社会阶层背景如何，成功总是属于跑得最快的人。
15. C 根据后文“Business is therefre viewed as an expressin f the idea f equality f pprtunity rather than the aristcratic (贵族的) idea f inherited privilege.”可知，本句话应当表示“竞争性成功通常被视为基于家庭背景的社会地位之外的另一种选择”。
Ⅲ. 读后续写
(2020·潍坊6月模拟)阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
“Mmmy, dn't g，” my threeyearld sn screamed as I walked t the dr. My fifteenyearld leaned against the kitchen cunter with his arms flded acrss his chest, nt screaming, but glaring at me as I pulled his little brther ff my legs.
“Are yu mad at me, t？”
“Yu spend all yur time taking care f ther peple's kids, but what abut us？” Dylan left angrily.
I was shcked and a little hurt. Hw culd my wn child nt understand that the wrk I was ding was saving lives? Then the answer hit me. He didn't knw, because he had never seen what Healing the Children actually did. Dylan had heard the stries f sick children, but had never nce lked int the eyes f a child and understd the hard truth — that withut ur help, the children wuld likely die.
“Get dressed. Yu are ging with me，” I said.
I spent the drive explaining the case f Hectr t my sn, wh pretended t ignre me the entire time. “He's seven, nly weighs thirty punds and is very sick. He has a heart cnditin called Tetralgy f Fallt, which culd kill him. It is a miracle (奇迹) that he is still alive.”
I went n t explain that it tk a team f vlunteer medical staff t get Hectr t the hspital frm his remte village and care fr him while he was there. Still, Dylan seemed unimpressed.
We stpped at a cnvenience stre fr water and snacks. Dylan had ne large and ne small Slurpee (思乐冰饮料). He said the small ne was fr Hectr. I dubted whether the little guy wuld be able t drink it, but remained silent. This was the first interest Dylan had shwn in being there. I wasn't abut t ruin it.
I stpped at the nurses' statin t check n Hectr's prgress while Dylan went t his rm. Our patient was recvering physically, but the nurse was cncerned that Hectr was struggling emtinally. She said, “Kids usually bunce back fast, but he hardly speaks and never smiles.”
注意：续写词数应为150左右。
Imagine my surprise when I heard laughter frm Hectr's rm. ____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
On the way hme that night, Dylan asked me several times whether Hectr wuld be kay. _______________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
Imagine my surprise when I heard laughter frm Hectr's rm. I entered and fund Dylan sitting n the edge f Hectr's bed wiping pieces f frzen drink frm Hectr's muth. Bth bys were giggling and Hectr was apparently enjying the cmpany. I spent the rest f the day speaking t dctrs and watching my sn playing with the special little by. It was truly amazing t watch them interact, as if it were the mst natural thing in the wrld. Perhaps t the tw f them it was.
On the way hme that night, Dylan asked me several times whether Hectr wuld be kay. I tld him this by wuld get well but he had a hard rad ahead f him. My sn seemed t be lst in thught fr a while. Then he declared his decisin t jin Healing the Children as a vlunteer t help Hectr and ther children. I never thught that a mdy teenager wuld take up the vluntary wrk and never again cmplain abut his mther's crazy wrk schedule.
选择性必修第二册 Unit 3 Times change!
A组·基础巩固
Ⅰ. 语法填空
A
Technlgical changes brught dramatic new ptins t Americans 1. ________ (live) in the 1990s. During this decade new frms f entertainment, cmmerce, research, and cmmunicatin 2. ________ (becme) cmmnplace in the US. The driving frce behind much f this change was an innvatin ppularly knwn as the Internet.
The Internet was develped during the 1970s by the Department f Defense. In the case f an attack, military advisers suggested 3. ________ advantage f being able t perate ne cmputer frm anther terminal. In the early days, the Internet was used mainly by scientists t cmmunicate with ther scientists.
One early prblem faced by Internet users was speed. Phne 4. ________ (line) culd nly transmit infrmatin at a limited rate. The develpment f fiberptic (光纤) cables allwed billins f bits f infrmatin 5. ________ (receive) every minute. Cmpanies like Intel develped faster micrprcessrs, s persnal cmputers culd prcess the incming signals mre 6. ________ (rapid)．
In the early 1990s, the Wrld Wide Web was develped, in large part, 7. ________ cmmercial purpses. Crpratins created hme pages 8. ________ they culd place text and graphics t sell prducts. Sn airline tickets, htel reservatins and even cars culd be purchased nline. Universities psted research data n the Internet, s students culd find 9. ________ (value) infrmatin withut leaving their drmitries. Cmpanies sn discvered that wrk culd be dne at hme and submitted nline, s a whle new class f telecmmuters began t earn a living frm hme ffices unshaven and 10. ________ (wear) pajamas (睡衣)．
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了20世纪90年代科技的发展与变化。
1. living 考查非谓语动词。分析句式结构可知空格所在处作Americans的后置定语，Americans与live之间为主动关系，故填living。
2. became 考查动词的时态。此句中During this decade指20世纪90年代，是表示过去的时间状语，应用一般过去时，故填became。
3. the 考查冠词。句意：以防受到攻击，军事顾问建议使用这样的优势，可以从另一个终端操作一台电脑。advantage为特指，故填the。
4. lines 考查名词的单复数。line是可数名词，在句中作主语，故填lines。
5. t be received 考查非谓语动词。allw... t d sth. 表示“允许……做某事”；billins f bits f infrmatin和receive之间是被动关系，故填t be received。
6. rapidly 考查副词。句中rapid作状语，修饰动词prcess，故填rapidly。
7. fr 考查介词。句意：在20世纪90年代早期，人们研发出了万维网。这在很大程度上是为了商业目的。fr表示目的，故填fr。
8. where 考查定语从句。先行词hme pages在定语从句中作地点状语，故填where。
9. valuable 考查形容词。修饰名词infrmatin，应用形容词，故填valuable。
10. wearing 考查非谓语动词。wear pajamas在句中作伴随状语，和主语a whle new class f telecmmuters之间是主动关系，故填wearing。
B
Since 1972, mre than 800 cultural sites that are thught t be f special imprtance t human histry and culture 1. ________ (add) t the Wrld Heritage Site List. The Taj Mahal in India and the Imperial Tmbs f the Ming and Qing Dynasties in China are tw f the best knwn 2. ________ (example)．
The Taj Mahal, 3. ________ was built between 1631 and 1648, is 4. ________ (apparent) a masterpiece f architecture. It tk mre than 20，000 wrkers and 1，000 elephants 5. ________ (cmplete) the prject. Building the Taj Mahal was a labur f lve. It was built in memry f the emperr's belved wife. If the Taj Mahal is a 6. ________ (celebrate) f the heart, then the Imperial Tmbs f the Ming and Qing Dynasties are 7. ________ mnument t the mind and spirit. 8. ________ (build) by several emperrs between 1368 and 1915, the Imperial Tmbs represent Chinese cultural and histrical values.
Human life lasts nly a shrt time 9. ________ art and culture last frever. The UNESCO Wrld Cultural Heritage Sites prgramme attempts t preserve the best f human histry. Masterpieces such as the Taj Mahal and the Imperial Tmbs f the Ming and Qing Dynasties remind us 10. ________ what we can achieve at ur finest, and inspire us t live up t ur great past in the future.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。自从1972年以来，800多个文化遗址被列入世界遗产名录。印度的泰姬陵和中国的明清皇陵就是最著名的两个例子。
1. have been added 考查动词的时态和语态。根据时间状语Since 1972可知，应用现在完成时态，且主语cultural sites与谓语动词add之间是被动关系，故填have been added。
2. examples 考查名词的单复数。example为可数名词，根据空前的tw f可知，此处应用名词的复数形式，故填examples。
3. which 考查定语从句。此处为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词The Taj Mahal，且关系词在从句中作主语，指物，应用关系代词which，故填which。
4. apparently 考查副词。修饰句子要用副词apparently，故填apparently。
5. t cmplete 考查非谓语动词。It takes sb. sme time t d sth.为固定句型，表示“做某事花费某人多长时间”。故填t cmplete。
6. celebratin 考查名词。根据空前的不定冠词a可知，空处应用名词的单数形式，故填celebratin。
7. a 考查冠词。根据空后可数名词的单数形式mnument可知，前面要用不定冠词a/an表示泛指，且mnument以辅音音素开头，故填a。
8. Built 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，build在句中作非谓语动词，且与逻辑主语the Imperial Tmbs之间是被动关系，故应用其过去分词形式作状语。因为位于句首，所以首字母大写。故填Built。
9. but 考查连词。句意：人的生命只持续很短的一段时间，但是艺术和文化会永远延续。根据句意可知，前后句为转折关系，应用连词but。故填but。
10. f 考查固定用法。remind sb. f sth.表示“使某人想起某事”，为固定表达。故填f。
Ⅱ. 根据提示补全句子
1. 我坐在教室里做试卷时感到信心十足、精力旺盛。(状语从句的省略)
While sitting in the classrm and ding my papers, I felt cnfident and was full f energy.
2. 将近一天之后，他才意识到他的错误并向他的朋友彼得道歉。(befre)
It was nearly a day befre he realised his mistakes and aplgised t his friend, Peter.
3. 他们是否能够通过沟通达成协议还不清楚。(it作形式主语)
It's nt clear whether they are able t arrive at an agreement thrugh cmmunicatin r nt.
4. 很多人搬去纽约，使之成为美国最大的城市。(分词作状语)
Many peple mved t New Yrk, making it the largest city in the USA.
B组·能力提升
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
Histrians and archaelgists have defined perids f human histry fr centuries by the technlgies r materials that made the greatest impact n sciety. This includes the Stne Age, the Brnze Age, and the Irn Age. But what age are we in nw? That questin can be answered with ne wrd fr sme researchers: Plastics.
“Plastic has redefined ur material culture and the artifacts we leave behind. It will be fund in stratified (分层的) layers in ur trash depsits (沉积层)．” That's accrding t Jhn Marstn, an archaelgist.
The wide variety f synthetic plymers (合成聚合物) wuld nt exist if it weren't fr human actin. Abut six billin tns f plastics have been made and spread arund the planet. They have been spread frm frests t ceans ever since the first plastic plymers were invented.
Plastics are ne f the mst significant changes that humans have made t the Earth's makeup. Mst plastics dn't easily degrade. This nly adds t the prblem. Recycling isn't an adequate slutin. Nt all types f plastic are easily recyclable. And there are nly a few recycling plants that can prcess all varieties f plastic.
Accrding t Debra Winter, writer fr The Atlantic, this means that many f the materials thrwn int recycling bins can crss the planet several times befre they are prcessed. They are made int rugs, sweaters, r they are used t make ther bttles. Millins f tns f plastics are recycled every year, but millins mre end up in landfills r the cean. The prblem has reached the pint where it's pssible that in just a few decades there might be mre plastic in the wrld's ceans than fishes.
“Plastics have a suppsed lifespan f ver 500 years, s it's safe t say that every plastic bttle yu have used exists smewhere n this planet, in sme frm r anther，” Winter writes.
The damage may already be dne. It may be t late fr human ppulatins wrldwide t change their plastic using ways. S the Plastic Age might sn take its place next t the Brnze Age and the Irn Age in the histry f human civilisatin.
1. Why d peple call ur age the Plastic Age?
A. Because plastics are nt naturally made.
B. Because humans create plastics.
C. Because plastics influence the wrld greatly.
D. Because histrians and archaelgists think s.
2. Accrding t the passage, hw are mst plastics dealt with currently?
A. They are recycled.
B. They are degraded.
C. They are thrwn away.
D. They are made int bttles.
3. What is the authr's attitude t the Plastic Age?
A. Negative. B. Ambiguus. C. Favurable. D. Uncncerned.
4. What is the main idea f this passage?
A. Plastics have ruined ur envirnment.
B. We must stp using plastics altgether.
C. Human beings are in the Plastic Age.
D. Plastics are significant t human develpment.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。在我们所处的时代，塑料给我们的生活带来了很大便利，但是也给环境造成了巨大损害。
1. C 推理判断题。根据第一段第一句可知，历史学家和考古学家是使用对社会造成最大影响的技术或材料来界定人类历史时期的。由此可推知，我们称现在这个时代为塑料时代的原因是塑料极大地影响了世界，故C项正确。
2. C 细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Millins f tns f plastics are recycled every year, but millins mre end up in landfills r the cean.”可知，更多的塑料垃圾最终被扔到垃圾场或海洋中了，故C项正确。
3. A 观点态度题。根据全文内容可知，作者在文章中描述了塑料垃圾对社会的巨大的负面影响，尤其在最后一段中作者提到，塑料垃圾对社会可能已经造成了损害，人们改变使用塑料的方式可能太晚了。由此可推知，作者对塑料时代持消极态度，故A项正确。
4. C 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍的是我们人类现在处于塑料时代并解释了我们这个时代被称为塑料时代的原因。故选C。
Ⅱ. 完形填空
(2020·上海进才中学3月检测)President Clidge's statement “The business f America is business.” still pints t an imprtant truth tday that business institutins have mre prestige (威望) in American sciety than any ther kind f rganisatin, including the gvernment. Why d business in institutins 1 this great prestige?
One reasn is that Americans 2 business as being mre firmly based n the ideal f 3 than ther institutins in sciety. Since cmpetitin is seen as the majr 4 f prgress and prsperity by mst Americans, cmpetitive business institutins are 5 . Cmpetitin is nt nly gd in itself, but it is the means by which ther basic American 6 such as individual freedm, equality f pprtunity, and hard wrk are prtected.
Cmpetitin 7 the freedm f the individual by ensuring that there is n mnply (垄断) f pwer. In cntrast t ne allpwerful gvernment, many businesses cmpete against each ther fr 8 . Theretically, if ne business tries t take unfair advantage f its custmers, it will lse t cmpeting business which treats its custmers mre fairly. Where many businesses cmpete fr the custmers' dllars, they cannt affrd t 9 them like inferirs (下属) r slaves.
A 10 is ften made between business, which is cmpetitive, and the 11 ， which is a mnply. Because business is cmpetitive, many Americans believe that it is mre supprtive f freedm than the gvernment, even thugh gvernment leaders are elected by the peple and business leaders are nt. Many Americans believe, then, that cmpetitin is as imprtant, r even mre imprtant, than demcracy in preserving 12 .
Cmpetitin in business is als believed t 13 the ideal f equality f pprtunity. Cmpetitin is seen as an pen and fair race where success ges t the swiftest persn 14 his r her scial class backgrund. Cmpetitive success is cmmnly seen as the American 15 t scial rank based n the family backgrund. Business is therefre viewed as an expressin f the idea f equality f pprtunity rather than the aristcratic (贵族的) idea f inherited privilege.
1. A. qualify B. restrict C. impress D. pssess
2. A. refer B. view C. reflect D. cnfirm
3. A. cmpetitin B. cperatin C. admiratin D. determinatin
4. A. result B. cmpnent C. surce D. resurce
5. A. estimated B. respected C. admitted D. rejected
6. A. manners B. cultures C. values D. custms
7. A. prtects B. builds C. illustrates D. presents
8. A. prfits B. savings C. csts D. funds
9. A. attend B. treat C. serve D. charge
10. A. cmment B. cmplaint C. chice D. cntrast
11. A. department B. gvernment C. business D. ecnmy
12. A. security B. prices C. freedm D. discipline
13. A. strengthen B. define C. cherish D. supervise
14. A. as a result f B. by means f C. in terms f D. regardless f
15. A. cntributin B. slutin C. alternative D. appeal
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章说明了美国人认为竞争的工商业与垄断的政府经常形成鲜明对照。竞争不仅保护顾客的利益，也会保护商业机构，人们可以通过商业竞争实现他们的个人价值。
1. D 根据上文“business institutins have mre prestige (威望) in American sciety than any ther kind f rganisatin, including the gvernment”可知，商业机构比其他任何一种组织拥有更多的威望，包括政府在内。
2. B 根据下文可知，美国人认为企业更坚定地建立在竞争的理想之上。view... as... “把……视为……”。
3. A 根据下文可知，此处指企业更坚定地建立在竞争的理想之上。
4. C 根据下文可知，竞争被大多数美国人视为进步和繁荣的主要源泉。
5. B 根据第一段中的“business institutins have mre prestige (威望) in American sciety than any ther kind f rganisatin”可知，有竞争力的商业机构会受到尊重。
6. C 下文列举的都是美国的基本价值观，故选C。
7. A 句意：竞争通过确保权力不被垄断来保护个人的自由。
8. A 根据下文“cmpete fr the custmers' dllars”可知，企业是为了利润而相互竞争的。
9. B 根据上文“it will lse t cmpeting business which treats its custmers mre fairly”可知，此处指对待顾客的方式。
10. D 根据上下文可知，商业之间的竞争性与政府的垄断性形成一种对比。
11. B 商业是具有竞争性的，而政治往往是垄断性的，由政府掌控。二者形成对比。另外，下文中的“it is mre supprtive f freedm than the gvernment”也体现了此处指的是垄断性的政府。
12. C 根据上文“Because business is cmpetitive, many Americans believe that it is mre supprtive f freedm than the gvernment, even thugh gvernment leaders are elected by the peple and business leaders are nt.”可知，此处是在讨论自由的问题。
13. A 根据下文“Cmpetitin is seen as an pen and fair race where success ges t the swiftest persn”可知，竞争被视为一场公开而公平的竞赛，成功属于跑得最快的人，那么竞争也被认为加强了机会均等的理想。
14. D 根据上文“Cmpetitin is seen as an pen and fair race”可知，竞争被视为一场公开而公平的竞赛，那么无论(regardless f)这个人的社会阶层背景如何，成功总是属于跑得最快的人。
15. C 根据后文“Business is therefre viewed as an expressin f the idea f equality f pprtunity rather than the aristcratic (贵族的) idea f inherited privilege.”可知，本句话应当表示“竞争性成功通常被视为基于家庭背景的社会地位之外的另一种选择”。
Ⅲ. 读后续写
(2020·潍坊6月模拟)阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
“Mmmy, dn't g，” my threeyearld sn screamed as I walked t the dr. My fifteenyearld leaned against the kitchen cunter with his arms flded acrss his chest, nt screaming, but glaring at me as I pulled his little brther ff my legs.
“Are yu mad at me, t？”
“Yu spend all yur time taking care f ther peple's kids, but what abut us？” Dylan left angrily.
I was shcked and a little hurt. Hw culd my wn child nt understand that the wrk I was ding was saving lives? Then the answer hit me. He didn't knw, because he had never seen what Healing the Children actually did. Dylan had heard the stries f sick children, but had never nce lked int the eyes f a child and understd the hard truth — that withut ur help, the children wuld likely die.
“Get dressed. Yu are ging with me，” I said.
I spent the drive explaining the case f Hectr t my sn, wh pretended t ignre me the entire time. “He's seven, nly weighs thirty punds and is very sick. He has a heart cnditin called Tetralgy f Fallt, which culd kill him. It is a miracle (奇迹) that he is still alive.”
I went n t explain that it tk a team f vlunteer medical staff t get Hectr t the hspital frm his remte village and care fr him while he was there. Still, Dylan seemed unimpressed.
We stpped at a cnvenience stre fr water and snacks. Dylan had ne large and ne small Slurpee (思乐冰饮料). He said the small ne was fr Hectr. I dubted whether the little guy wuld be able t drink it, but remained silent. This was the first interest Dylan had shwn in being there. I wasn't abut t ruin it.
I stpped at the nurses' statin t check n Hectr's prgress while Dylan went t his rm. Our patient was recvering physically, but the nurse was cncerned that Hectr was struggling emtinally. She said, “Kids usually bunce back fast, but he hardly speaks and never smiles.”
注意：续写词数应为150左右。
Imagine my surprise when I heard laughter frm Hectr's rm. ____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
On the way hme that night, Dylan asked me several times whether Hectr wuld be kay. _______________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
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【参考范文】
Imagine my surprise when I heard laughter frm Hectr's rm. I entered and fund Dylan sitting n the edge f Hectr's bed wiping pieces f frzen drink frm Hectr's muth. Bth bys were giggling and Hectr was apparently enjying the cmpany. I spent the rest f the day speaking t dctrs and watching my sn playing with the special little by. It was truly amazing t watch them interact, as if it were the mst natural thing in the wrld. Perhaps t the tw f them it was.
On the way hme that night, Dylan asked me several times whether Hectr wuld be kay. I tld him this by wuld get well but he had a hard rad ahead f him. My sn seemed t be lst in thught fr a while. Then he declared his decisin t jin Healing the Children as a vlunteer t help Hectr and ther children. I never thught that a mdy teenager wuld take up the vluntary wrk and never again cmplain abut his mther's crazy wrk schedule.
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