外研版（2019）高考英语一轮复习课时练习35 ：选择性必修3 Unit 5　Learning from nature(含解析)

这是一份外研版（2019）高考英语一轮复习课时练习35 ：选择性必修3 Unit 5　Learning from nature(含解析)，共8页。试卷主要包含了 s　考查连词， means　考查主谓一致， healthily　考查副词等内容，欢迎下载使用。

选择性必修第三册 Unit 5 Learning frm nature
A组·基础巩固
Ⅰ. 语法填空
A
Sun Bear
Thugh small, they can be very aggressive, s if yu see ne, dn't mistake it 1. ________ a sft lvely teddy bear！The sun bear lives in trees, 2. ________ yu'll need t keep yur eyes n the tree if yu want t see ne and yu can nly see them in the rainfrests in Sutheast Asia.
They are essential t ur ecsystem because they help spread seeds while als keeping disgusted termites (白蚁) under cntrl, which means there is less 3. ________ (destruct) f ur trpical trees, which in turn 4. ________ (mean) ur atmsphere is clean enugh fr us t live 5. ________ (healthy)．
When they d cme dwn frm the trees, they als dig fr invertebrates (无脊椎动物) in the sil, 6. ________ (imprve) the frest's nutrient cycle by mixing the rich and pr sil. Unfrtunately, their glbal ppulatin 7. ________ (decline) 30% ver the last few years, making them the secnd 8. ________ (rare) bear species next t the giant panda.
Their tngues are up t 25cm in 9. ________ (lng) and help them t satisfy their greedy appetite fr hney, 10. ________ smetimes makes them knwn as “hney bears”. Yu can tell the Sun Bear apart frm ther bear species frm the hrseshe marks n their chest. N tw markings are the same!
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了太阳熊的相关信息。
1. fr 考查固定搭配。mistake... fr... 是固定短语，意为“把……错认为，把……误当作”。故填fr。
2. s 考查连词。太阳熊生活在树上，所以如果你想看它，你就得盯着树看。根据语境可知，空格前后之间是因果关系，所以用连词s。故填s。
3. destructin 考查词性转换。根据空格前的形容词“less”可知，此处应用名词形式。故填destructin。
4. means 考查主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，此处是一个which引导的非限制性定语从句，是一个整体，又根据前文“which means”可知，从句用一般现在时态。故填means。
5. healthily 考查副词。此处应用副词修饰动词live。故填healthily。
6. imprving 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，该句的谓语动词是“dig”，所以此处应用非谓语动词；再根据句意可知，此处应用现在分词作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。故填imprving。
7. has declined 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据该句中的时间状语“ver the last few years”可知，此处应用现在完成时；再由主语“their glbal ppulatin”表示单数，所以谓语动词用单数形式。故填has declined。
8. rarest 考查形容词的最高级。根据空格前的“the secnd”可知，此处应用形容词的最高级。故填rarest。
9. length 考查固定用法。in length是固定用法，意为“在长度上”。故填length。
10. which 考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子可知，此处是一个非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的整个部分，关系词在从句中作主语所以用which引导该从句。故填which。
B
We recgnise ur friends' faces. And we are nt alne. Many scial animals can als identify individuals f their wn species by their facial 1. ________ (feature), because they need t adjust their behaviur 2. ________ (depend) n wh they meet. And a research has shwn that sme dmesticated (驯养的) animals can even distinguish amng different faces in phtgraphs.
Researchers first 3. ________ (teach) hrses t “chse” between tw side­by­side images n a cmputer screen. Then the hrses that were shwn phts f their keeper alngside faces f 4. ________ (familiar) humans ignred the strangers' faces, identifying 5. ________ (crrect) their keeper abut 75% f the time. What's mre, the hrses als preferentially picked phts f their previus keeper. And they 6. ________ (be) at least as accurate in picking ut their previus keeper 7. ________ they were at identifying their current ne.
In additin, hrses seem t have 8. ________ strng lng­term memry fr human faces, cnsistent with their lng lifespan and histry f dmesticatin. In future experiments, the researchers may test whether lking at phts f peple that they have had bad experiences with in the past might cause hrses 9. ________ (act) anxiusly. S maybe think twice befre ding anything 10. ________ might give a hrse a lng face.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了许多群居动物可以通过面部特征来识别自己的物种，一些驯养的动物甚至可以分辨照片中不同的面孔。
1. features 考查名词的单复数。形容词性物主代词their指代主语Many scial animals，其后接复数名词。故填features。
2. depending 考查现在分词。本句已有谓语need且无连词，此空应用非谓语形式，主语they和动词depend是逻辑上的主动关系，应用现在分词，表主动。故填depending。
3. taught 考查动词的时态。此处缺乏谓语动词，由全文语境可知，此研究发生在过去，句子应用一般过去时。故填taught。
4. unfamiliar 考查形容词。此处指“不熟悉的”，故填unfamiliar。
5. crrectly 考查副词。此处修饰动词identify，应用副词形式。故填crrectly。
6. were 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。此句包含as＋adj.＋as结构，前后语法结构一致，as后面句子“they were at identifying their current ne”用一般过去时，此处也应用一般过去时，主语they是复数，谓语动词用were。故填were。
7. as 考查固定搭配。固定搭配as＋adj.＋as，意为“……和……一样”。故填as。
8. a 考查冠词。此处泛指“一段很强的长期记忆”，strng以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故填a。
9. t act 考查固定用法。cause sb./sth. t d (sth.)是固定用法，意为“导致某人/物做某事”。故填t act。
10. that 考查定语从句的关系词。此处是限制性定语从句，先行词anything，指物，是不定代词，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that引导。故填that。
Ⅱ. 根据提示补全句子
1. 第一次在大众面前演讲感到紧张是很自然的。(it作形式主语)
It is natural t feel nervus when yu give a speech in public fr the first time.
2. 当在舞台上模仿查理·卓别林时， 他自己情不自禁地笑了。(while ding...)
While mimicing/imitating Charlie Chaplin n the stage, he himself culdn't help laughing.
3. 我吃惊地发现自己对这个活动很感兴趣。(find＋宾语＋宾补)
I was surprised t find myself interested in the activity．
4. 早睡觉被认为是一种好习惯。(动名词短语作主语)
Ging t bed early is cnsidered t be a gd habit.
B组·能力提升
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
In a majr medical breakthrugh, Tel Aviv University researchers have “printed” the wrld's first 3D vascularised (血管化的) engineered heart using a patient's wn cells and bilgical materials. Their findings were published n April 15 in a study in Advanced Science.
“This is the first time anyne anywhere has successfully engineered and printed an entire heart，” says Prf. Tal Dvir f Department f Materials Science and Engineering, wh led the research fr the study. “This heart is made frm human cells and patient­specific bilgical materials. In ur prcess, these materials serve as the biinks, smething made f sugars and prteins that can be used fr 3D printing f cmplex tissue mdels，” Prf. Dvir says. “Peple managed t 3D print the structure f a heart in the past, but nt with cells r with bld vessels (血管). Our results demnstrate the ptential f ur apprach fr engineering persnalised tissue and rgan replacement in the future.”
Accrding t Prf. Dvir，the use f “native” patient­specific materials is imprtant t successfully engineering tissues and rgans.
The researchers are nw planning n culturing the printed hearts in the lab and “teaching them t behave” like hearts, Prf. Dvir says. They then plan t transplant the 3D­printed heart in animal mdels.
“We need t develp the printed heart further，” he cncludes. “The cells need t frm a pumping ability; they can currently cntract (收缩)，but we need them t wrk tgether. Our hpe is that we will succeed and prve ur methd's efficacy (功效)and usefulness. Maybe, in ten years, there will be rgan printers in the finest hspitals arund the wrld，and these prcedures will be cnducted rutinely.”
1. What des Prf. Dvir think f an early 3D­printed heart?
A. It was highly practical.
B. It was t expensive.
C. It was persnalised.
D. It was t simple.
2. What d we knw abut the latest 3D­printed heart?
A. It can be cultured in the lab.
B. It can match a patient perfectly.
C. It has been transplanted in animals.
D. It has been widely used in hspitals.
3. What is Prf. Dvir's attitude t the develpment f the printed heart?
A. Ambiguus. B. Psitive. C. Disapprving. D. Cautius.
4. What is the authr's purpse in writing the text?
A. T explain the basic principle f 3D technlgy.
B. T intrduce a breakthrugh f medical research.
C. T dubt the medical value f a new inventin.
D. T prve the effectiveness f the new technlgy.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了研究人员成功研制出了世界上第一颗有血管的3D打印心脏。
1. D 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Peple managed t 3D print the structure f a heart in the past, but nt with cells r with bld vessels (血管)．”可知，早期的3D打印心脏没有细胞和血管，由此可知，Prf. Dvir认为早期的3D打印心脏过于简单，故D项正确。
2. A 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The researchers are nw planning n culturing the printed hearts in the lab”可知，研究人员目前正计划在实验室中培育这些打印心脏，由此可知，最新的3D打印心脏可以在实验室中培育，故A项正确。
3. B 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Maybe, in ten years, there will be rgan printers in the finest hspitals arund the wrld，and these prcedures will be cnducted rutinely.”可知，Prf. Dvir对3D打印心脏的发展持积极态度，故B项正确。
4. B 写作意图题。通读全文，特别是第一段中的“In a majr medical breakthrugh, Tel Aviv University researchers have ‘printed’ the wrld's first 3D vascularised (血管化的) engineered heart”可知，本文介绍的是研究人员成功打印出了世界上第一颗有血管的3D打印心脏，这是医学上的重大突破，作者写这篇文章就是为了介绍这一重大医学突破，故B项正确。
Ⅱ. 阅读七选五
Urban Wildlife
Cities are diverse ecsystems. In additin t visitrs frm the wild, a large number f species share ur urban areas. As ur cities spread, we need t think abut what it is like fr ther species t have human neighburs.
Cities are built fr humans. 1 Fr example, mst city parks are kept neat and tidy s that humans will find them beautiful. But when we cut grass r plant flwers, we destry natural habitats.
2 When a bridge in Austin, Texas was repaired, engineers added small gaps (缝隙) running alng the length f its bttm. This made a gd hme fr bats (蝙蝠), and sn the bridge was the hme f thusands f bats. 3 Nw, they have cme t value their winged neighburs. The bats are a turist attractin, and they eat lts f bugs (虫子) every night.
There are als structures built with the aim f bringing wildlife int the city. The Beijing Olympic Frest Park is a gd example. The park used native plants and created pen, natural spaces fr wildlife. The result is a zne in Beijing with ver 160 species f birds. In many ways, the park is the ppsite f a z. 4
If we learn t share ur space, we can becme better neighburs t the wildlife arund us. 5 Our wn future will be endangered t.
A. They are built t prtect birds.
B. Our actins smetimes help ther species.
C. If we d nt, mre species will becme extinct.
D. They d nt always prvide suitable habitats fr wildlife.
E. Instead f being kept in cages, wildlife can mve abut freely.
F. At first, peple were afraid f the bats and tried t get rid f them.
G. They wuld sit n it and their drppings wuld fall int the water.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了作者关于人类城市与野生动物关系的思考。
1. D 空格前说“Cities are built fr humans”，空格后的“Fr example”举例可知，城市并不总是为野生动物提供住所，故选D。
2. B 此处设空在段首，考虑到段首句的作用，往往为主题句；由后面细节句提供的内容可知，我们人类的行为有时是可以帮助到野生动物的，故选B。
3. F 根据空后句的时间标志词可以判断空处所填句子与后文内容存在叙述和时间节点的对照关系，故选F。
4. E 根据空格位置关系可知，其填写内容一定与空前句存在话题一致、内容承接的关系，故选E。
5. C 上文谈及人类如果能够与野生动物共享城市空间的好处，而空格后句子所涉及内容与空前句形成比照关系，以及空后句的标志词“t”，可确定答案选C。