(新高考)高考英语三轮冲刺小题必练3 介词(2份打包，解析版+原卷版)

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    高考英语三轮冲刺小题必练  介词在英语中比较活跃，然而在高考中直接考查介词的题不是很多。从高考试题可以看出，要掌握介词的基本用法，辨析相近、易混介词的用法；还要熟悉常用介词短语的含义，同时注意总结其与名词、形容词、副词、动词等搭配构成的短语的意思和用法。考点1 常用介词（2020·全国I卷）The far side of the moon is of particular interest to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters(环形山), more so        the familiar near side.【答案】than【解析】考查介词。根据句子中more可知此处应该用比较级，故填than。（2020·浙江卷1月）This aging of the population is driven        two factors.【答案】by【解析】考查介词。句意：人口老龄化是由两个因素造成的。表示“由；被”应用介词by。故填by。【点拨】一、常见介词辨析1．表示时间的at，on和in 意义短语at表示某个时间点、时刻等at midnight“在半夜”；at sunrise/sunset“在日出/日落”on表示在具体的日子或具体的某一天的上午、下午、晚上on a rainy night“在一个雨夜”；on Christmas Eve“在平安夜”in表示在某段较长的时间内(如世纪、年代、月份等)或泛指上午、下午、晚上等in December“在十二月”；in the morning“在上午”2．表示时间的in和after 意义例句in表示“在……时间之内/之后”，所在的句子必须表示将来He will be back in an hour.他一小时后就回来。after表示“在……时间之后”，通常“after＋时间段”与过去时连用，“after＋时间点”与将来时连用He came back after an hour.他一小时后回来了。3．表示方位的through，across和over 意义短语through表示“从……的内部穿过”through the forest“从森林穿过”across表示“从……表面穿过”across the desert“穿过沙漠”over表示“从……的上面越过”jump over the fence“跨过篱笆墙”4．表示方位的in，on和to 意义例句in表示“在……范围内”Beijing lies in the north of China.北京位于中国北部。on表示“毗邻，接壤”Mongolia，which lies on the north of China，is a beautiful country.位于中国北部的蒙古，是一个美丽的国家。to表示“在……范围外”Japan lies to the east of China.日本位于中国东部。5．表示交通方式的by，on和in 意义短语by后可直接跟涉及和不涉及交通工具的名词，名词前不加冠词by sea，by air，by bike，by car，by trainon/in后跟交通工具时，名词前应有冠词、物主代词、指示代词等修饰语on one's bike，in one's car6．表示支持、反对的介词against和for 意义例句against意为“反对”，此外还表示“倚靠着；逆着；以……为背景”等Are you for the proposal or against it?你支持这项提议还是反对？for表示“支持，赞成”，还可表示原因、目的等 考点2 介词的固定搭配（2020·山东卷）Museums must compete        people’s spare time and money with other amusements.【答案】for【解析】考查固定搭配。根据空格前的动词compete与空格后的people’s spare time and money，判断此处需用表“为……竞争”的动词短语compete for，故填for。（2020·浙江卷7月）Some time after 10,000 BC, people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived        , through agriculture.【答案】in【解析】考查介词。句意：公元前10000年以后，人们第一次真正尝试通过农业来控制他们所居住的世界。分析可知，“they lived _____”应是之前名词the world的定语从句，定语从句引导词被省略，可推知先行词应是在从句中作宾语，即：they lived in the world，live in+名词，意为居住在某地。故填in。（2020·全国II卷）Bamboo plants are associated        health, abundance and a happy home.【答案】with【解析】考查介词。be associated with为固定搭配，表示“与……相关”，故填with。【点拨】几组常见的介词固定搭配1.与名词的搭配at a time每次，一次      at a loss困惑，不知所措at first sight乍一看      at table在吃饭beyond description无法形容     beyond one's reach够不着by accident/chance偶然      by mistake错误地by the way顺便说       by hand手工地in advance在前头；事先，预先    in charge主管，看管in return作为回报       in turn依次，转而in shape健康状况良好      in the long run从长远来看in trouble处于困境中                   in time及时，迟早on purpose故意地       on holiday在度假on time准时        on average平均on the contrary相反地out of breath/balance/date/control 上气不接下气/失去平衡/过时/失去控制to one's surprise/astonishment令某人惊奇/吃惊的是under construction/consideration/discussion在建设/考虑/讨论中at the cost of以……为代价    in honour of为了纪念……；为了表示敬意in memory of为纪念……(对已逝的人) in place of代替in support/favor of支持，支援   in addition to除……之外in terms/view of鉴于，根据for the sake of为了      for the purpose of为了……的目的for the benefit of为了……的利益on account of由于      on behalf of代表on the way to在去……的路上   on the basis of以……为基础by means of借助于     the reason for……的原因the approach to……的方法    a visit to到……的访问the/a lack of缺乏……2．与动词的搭配answer for对……负责        apply for申请call at拜访(地点)         date from/back to追溯到keep/prevent/stop sb.from doing sth.阻止某人做……  protect...from保护……不受伤害result from由于         suffer from遭受approve of赞成         complain of抱怨consist of...由……组成        dream of梦到think of想起；考虑到        call on拜访(某人)depend/rely on依靠        result in/lead to导致succeed in在……方面成功       belong to属于refer to谈到；涉及；查阅3．与形容词的搭配be ashamed of 对……感到羞耻   be aware of知晓；意识到be proud of以……为荣     be sure of对……有信心；确信be tired of厌倦      be angry with sb.与某人生气be familiar with sth.熟悉……   be familiar to sb.为某人所熟悉be patient with对……有耐心   be pleased/satisfied with对……满意be popular with sb.受某人欢迎   be strict with sb.对某人严格be addicted to对……上瘾；沉溺于  be available to对……可用；可供……使用be beneficial to对……有益处   be devoted to致力于，献身于be similar to与……相似    be confident in对……有信心be eager for渴望      be absent from缺席be anxious about/for忧虑，担心   be crazy about热衷；着迷be curious about对……好奇    be particular about挑剔be suitable for/to适合于4．其他搭配after all毕竟，终究     ahead of (时间，空间)在……前面；领先far from远非       once in a while偶尔up to达到；由……决定    in spite of尽管；虽然一、单句语法填空1．________ summary, I think the movie is moving, interesting, and worth spending time on.【答案】in【解析】考査固定短语。in summary“总的来说，概括起来”，符合句意。2．As is well known, Dragon Boat Festival and the custom of eating rice dumplings are unique ________ us Chinese.【答案】to【解析】unique“独一无二的，仅有的”；be unique to“是……特有的”，为固定搭配。3．So far we have done a lot to build a low­carbon economy, but it is far  ________ satisfactory.【答案】from【解析】far from表示否定含义，意为“绝非，远不”。4．Our product is popular abroad.There is practically no other product superior ________ ours in quality.【答案】to【解析】superior意为 “更好的，更有效的”，通常与to搭配表示比较含义。be superior to sth.意为“胜过，超过，比……好”。5．When a writer finishes his writing or a doctor successfully operates on a patient or a teacher sees his students grow, they are happy ________ words.【答案】beyond【解析】beyond 意为“超出，超过”，beyond words 意为 “无法用言语表达”。6．Most English teachers maintain a young and gentle heart and appear younger than teachers ________ their own age.【答案】of【解析】此处of与age构成固定搭配，teachers of their own age意为“与他们同龄的老师”。7．The key ________ successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them.【答案】to【解析】key作“关键，要决” 讲，与介词to搭配使用。8．Butterflies feed ________ a sweet liquid produced by flowers, which bees and other insects collect.【答案】on【解析】feed on“以……为食”。9．I don't know if this sounds bad, but why do Asian actresses always look more beautiful ________ the dress than the models?【答案】in【解析】in为介词，后接服饰名词时，意为“穿着，戴着”。10．Her old parents watched Mary until she disappeared from sight ________ the distance.【答案】in【解析】in the distance“在远处，从远处”。11. We should talk about the things ____________ the children's understanding in a simple way.【答案】beyond【解析】句意：我们应当用一种简单的方式谈论超出儿童理解能力的事物。beyond“超出……之外，非……所能及”。12.You should fly your kite ____________ the wind，or it cannot fly high.【答案】against【解析】句意：你应该逆着风放风筝，否则它飞不高。against“逆，与……相反”，符合语境，属于against的常见用法。13. In some cases, different approaches ____________ the same scientific problem lead to conflicting theories.【答案】to/towards【解析】approach to/towards“……的方法”，是固定搭配。句意：在一些情形下，对同一个科学难题进行研究所采用的方法不同，就会得出互相矛盾的结论。14.___________ that special night, all the Senior 3 students stood in the corridors(走廊) and looked down at the younger students below.【答案】On【解析】句意：在那个特殊的晚上，所有高三年级的学生站在走廊里低头看着下面低年级的学生。表示“在具体某天的上午、下午或晚上”需用介词on。15. Many local residents welcome the shared bikes ____________ the flexibility and freedom they offer.【答案】for【解析】句意：因共享单车给人们提供的灵活性和自由度，许多当地的居民很欢迎共享单车。设空处表示“原因”，故填介词for。16. Calligraphy, ____________ a mirror, is a silent reflection of the soul.【答案】like【解析】句意：书法，像一面镜子一样，无声地反映灵魂。设空处表示“像”，故填介词like。17. During my first year in China, I spent the summer holiday ____________ my family at the seaside in Beidaihe.【答案】with【解析】句意：在中国的第一年，我和我的家人在北戴河的海边度过了暑假。with在此处意为“和……”。18. The English spoken in England between about AD 450 and 1150 was very different  ___________ the modern English we speak today.【答案】from【解析】句意：公元450年到1150年间在英国所说的英语和今天我们所说的现代英语是非常不同的。be different from“与……不同”。19. Plastic waste and algae on the water give off a smell very similar ____________ the krill(磷虾) that many sea birds feed on.【答案】to【解析】句意：水面上的塑料废物和海藻释放出一种非常类似于磷虾的气味，许多海鸟以这种磷虾为食。(be) similar to“与……相似”。20. The words of the poems were full   ____________ encouragement and positive energy, and showed an uncommon open－mindedness among women at that time.【答案】of【解析】句意：诗歌中的文字充满了鼓励和正能量，并且在那个时代的女性当中展现出了不同寻常的开明的思想。be full of“充满了……”。21. The Great Wall stretches ____________ Dandong in the east to Lop Nur in the west, along the southern edge of Inner Mongolia.【答案】from【解析】句意：长城沿着内蒙古的南部边界，从东部的丹东一直延伸到了西部的罗布泊。表示“从……到……”用from...to...结构。22. The country's industrial economy has maintained steady and sound growth thanks  ____________ the Made in China 2025 strategy.【答案】to【解析】句意：多亏了“中国制造2025”战略，国家的工业经济一直保持稳定的、健康的增长。thanks to为固定短语，意为：多亏了，幸亏。23. We know the British have a love affair with drinking tea, ____________ more than 160 million cups drunk every day.【答案】with【解析】句意：我们知道英国人爱喝茶，每天有一亿六千多万杯茶被喝掉。设空处考查with的复合结构(with＋n./pron.＋过去分词)作伴随状语。24. The Water－Splashing Festival is also a cultural bridge ____________ Xishuangbanna and Southeast Asian countries that share the same festival culture of water－splashing.【答案】between【解析】句意：泼水节也是西双版纳与有着相同泼水节节日文化的东南亚国家之间的一座桥梁。根据句意及题干中的and可知设空处填between。between...and...意为：在……和……之间。25. ____________ Monday she gave each student his or her list.【答案】On【解析】句意：在周一，她给每个学生一份清单。表示“在具体某一天”需用介词on。26. In this fast－changing and competitive world, many people are ____________ heavy pressure.【答案】under【解析】句意：在这个快速变化且充满竞争的世界里，许多人处于沉重的压力下。under pressure为固定短语，意为：在压力之下。27. She says it's important to wake up ____________ the same time every day.【答案】at【解析】句意：她说每天在同一时间醒来很重要。at the same time为固定短语，意为：在同一时间。28. As we all know, Hangzhou, a beautiful city, won the bid ____________ September 16th, 2015.【答案】on【解析】句意：我们都知道，杭州，一个美丽的城市，在2015年9月16日赢得了举办权。在具体某天前要用介词on。 二、语法填空There are many festivals in Guizhou Province. One of them is Dong New Year, 1.____________ falls in the eleventh lunar month after the harvest. In some villages, the festival 2.___________ (take) place in the tenth month. Dong New Year is as 3.____________(importance) as the Spring Festival. In the days 4.______________(lead) up to the New Year, the Dong people make new clothes, clean their houses, and make rice cakes. 5.____________ the eve of the New Year, they prepare“cold dish”with bean curd and homemade vinegar. It 6.______________ (give) as an offering to one's ancestors. Dong New Year is 7.______________(usual) celebrated in many Dong villages in the area of Rongjiang in Guizhou Province. The exact date varies but falls during the period late October to early November. Public 8.____________(celebration) include the Lusheng Festival and water buffalo fighting.Another one, Miao Sisters Festival, is celebrated from the 15th to the 17th day of the third lunar month calendar, when 9.______________(marry) women make a return to the homes of their mothers. At home, they prepare and eat 10.____________ special kind of food, black rice cake. When they return to their own homes, they bring with them some of it and give it to their husbands as gifts.【答案】1. which      2. takes    3.important     4.leading    5.On6.is given     7.usually   8.celebrations   9.married    10.a【解析】1.考查定语从句。此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词是Dong New Year，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，应使用关系代词which引导。故填which。2. 考查时态。此处描述的客观事实，应使用一般现在时。故填takes。3.考查形容词。此处作表语，意为“像春节一样重要”，as...as结构中，使用形容词原级。故填important。4.考查现在分词。lead up to“为……做准备”，此处与主语the Dong people 构成逻辑上的主谓关系，应使用现在分词。故填leading。5.考查介词。固定短语：on the eve of“在……的前夕”，故填On。6.考查语态。句意：它是作为祭品送给祖先的。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处应使用一般现在时的被动语态。故填is given。7.考查副词。此处修饰动词celebrated，应使用副词形式。故填usually。8.考查名词复数。celebration是可数名词，其前没有冠词，且谓语动词是原形，据此可知，此处应使用名词复数。故填celebrations。9.考查形容词。根据下文make a return to the homes of their mothers 可知，此处指“已婚的女人”。married“已婚的”。故填married。10.考查冠词。根据下文kind of可知，此处指“一种特殊的食品”，应使用不定冠词。故填a。