(新高考)高考英语三轮冲刺小题必练4 形容词及副词(2份打包，解析版+原卷版)

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高考英语三轮冲刺小题必练  形容词和副词为新高考的必考点，从功能上来说，形容词主要用来修饰名词和代词，作定语或表语，而副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语或整个句子，作状语。在语法填空中形容词和副词的比较等级及形容词和副词之间的转化为重点考查方向。考点1 比较级和最高级（2018·新课标I卷）According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years      (long) than non-runners.【答案】longer【解析】考查副词的比较级。医学报告显示：经常跑步的人比不跑步的人多活3年。根据than可知用比较级，故填longer。（2020·全国III卷）One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait(画像) done so he called all great artists to come and present their       (fine) work, so that he could choose the best.【答案】finest【解析】考查形容词最高级。句意：一天，皇帝想让人给他画一幅肖像，于是他把所有伟大的画家都请来，展示他们最好的作品，以便他挑选最好的。结合句意，皇帝想要画家最好的作品，表示“最好的”，此处应用形容词最高级finest。故填finest。 【点拨】（一）使用比较级的常见情况1.直接型(1)根据比较等级的句式判断，如果后面有than就用比较级。(2)当空格前有表示程度的词如much, far, still, even, rather, a little, a bit, a lot, a great deal等标志性词汇时，需填比较级。2.间接型(1)要根据隐含的信息做出判断。(2)有时候比较级结构中并不出现than和有表示程度的词，而是根据语境判断出用比较级。3.“the＋比较级 ... the＋比较级 ...”表示“越……越……”4.“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级含义eg: Mr Stevenson is great to work for—I really couldn't ask for a better boss.为斯蒂文森先生工作感觉非常好，我真的找不到比他更好的老板了。注意：①比较级的重复：如果形容词或副词后面加了－er，前面就不能再用more；②固定结构中比较级的应用，如what's more, what's worse等。（二）使用最高级的常见情况(1)表达在某个范围内“最……”时，使用“the＋形容词/副词的最高级＋比较范围”结构。表示范围的标志词有in, of, among等。(2)当空格前有the second/third ..., one of ... 等词时，需填最高级。(3)形容词最高级前的修饰语通常有序数词以及by far, almost, nearly等。注意：有些词本身就含有最高级的含义，不可再用最高级，如favorite, wonderful, exhausted等。 考点2 词性转换（2020·新课标I卷）Landing on the moon’s far side is         (extreme) challenging.【答案】extremely【解析】句意：登录月球的背面是极其有挑战性的。空处修饰形容词challenging，应使用extreme的副词形式，故填extremely。（2020·山东卷）In the 18th and 19th centuries,      (wealth) people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art.【答案】wealthy【解析】根据空格后的名词与所给提示词wealth，判断此处需填形容词，故填wealthy。【点拨】此种类型的解题关键在于要学会分析所给提示词在句子中应作的成分：如果作定语、表语或补足语，那么要填形容词(此时给的提示词通常为名词或动词)；如果作状语，那么就要填副词(此时所给提示词通常为形容词)。(一) 易用错的形容词和副词1.以－ly结尾的形容词如friendly, lovely, lively, lonely, elderly, deadly等。2.形近的词如close (通常指距离上的靠近)→closely (仔细地；接近地)；hard (努力地，费力地)→ hardly (几乎不)；most (最，非常)→ mostly (一般地，主要地)等。3.意近、意反或意重的词如many和much都表示很多，但前者修饰可数名词复数，而后者修饰不可数名词；ago和before都表示“以前”，但前者所指的时间从现在算起，常用一般过去时，而后者所指的时间从过去算起，常用于过去完成时；however和therefore，前者表示转折，而后者表示因果，两者正相反；so和very表达同一含义，故不能同时使用。4.相像的词如表示宽(wide)、高(high)、深(deep)、慢(slow)等词，本身就为副词，加上－ly还是副词，但前者表示具体，后者表示抽象。5.以－ed和－ing结尾的形容词的区别解决此类问题一要看语境是“令人……的(－ing)”还是“感到……的(－ed)”，二要看说明的是性质特征(－ing)还是感受(－ed)。（二）常见形容词和副词的变化规律1．动词、名词变形容词的常见后缀①－al 如music(al), origin(al), person(al), form(al), nation(al), centre(central), nature(natural)②－ful 如hope(ful), harm(ful), help(ful), peace(ful), care(ful), use(ful)③－able 如accept(able), comfort(able), fashion(able), suit(able), reason(able)④－ible 如access(ible), horror(horrible), terror(terrible)⑤－ive 如act(ive), effect(ive), attract(ive), impress(ive), instruct(ive), expense(expensive)⑥－ous 如continue(continuous), anxiety(anxious), caution(cautious), curiosity(curious), humor(humorous)⑦－y 如health(y), wealth(y), dirt(y), rain(y), cloud(y), sun(ny), taste(tasty)⑧－ic 如science(scientific), economy(economic), history(historic)⑨－some/－ish/－ary/－ern 如tire(some), trouble(some), fool(ish), self(ish), imagine(imaginary), east(ern)⑩－ed/－ing这类词一般为表示心理、表情的词，如scare, confuse, puzzle, worry, excite, bore, surprise, convince, satisfy，以－e结尾直接加d或将e去掉再加－ing，以－y结尾则直接加－ing或把y变i再加－ed。2．形容词变副词的规则一般情况加lycommon-commonly; immediate-immediately以“辅音字母+y”结尾，将y改为i然后加-lysteady-steadily以-le结尾，去掉e加-ysimple-simply以ic结尾，加-allyeconomic-economically 一、单句语法填空1. On average, the population becomes        (old) than before.2. Bamboo: Chinese love their “Lucky Bamboo” plants and you will see them often in their homes and office.      (certain) during the holiday period, this plant is a must.3.The       (beauty) long branches covered with pink-colored buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations.4. As the small boat moved,          (gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water.5.It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been  ______ (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide.6.Her years of hard work have _____(final)been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名)her to be Cheshire's Woman Of The Year.7. A taste for meat is ______ (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle.8. According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total ______ (globe) fertilizer consumption.9. He screams the__ ___ (loud)of all. The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me.10. There could be an even        (high) cost on your health.11. Running is cheap, easy and it’s always       (energy).12. A taste for meat is       (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle.13. The Central London Railway was one of the most       (success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900.14. Other American studies showed no _____(connect) between uniforms and school performance.15. Even        (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.16. I am       (disappoint) in you! How could you say that?词disappointed，be disappointed in sb.意为对某人失望，故填disappointed。17. Illegal limiting is threatening the       (survive) of the species.18. She was       (embarrass) to admit making such a stupid mistake19. I was completely       (breath) when I got to the top of the mountain.20. It is       (legal) to sell tobacco to someone under 16. 二、语法填空Passage1Why is setting goals important? Goals can help you do, be, and experience everything you want in life and goals allow you 1．    (make) your life happen.Successful people imagine how their life should be and set lots of goals. By setting goals you are taking control of your life. It's like 2．   ( have) a map to show you where you want to go.Think of it this way. There are two drivers. One has a destination in mind which can 3．    (find) on a map. She can drive straight there without any wasted time or wrong 4．   (turn). The other driver has no goal or destination 5．    map. She starts off at the same time from the same place as 6．    first driver, but she drives 7．   ( aim) around, never getting anywhere, just using up gas. Which driver do you want to be?Winners in life set goals and follow through on them. 8．   (success) people just let life happen by accident. Goals aren't difficult to set, and they aren't difficult to reach. It's up 9．   you to find out what your goals really are. You are the one who must decide what to achieve and in 10．    direction to aim your life. Passage2We’ve all turned to sad music to make us feel 11．   (good)at some point in our lives, but why does doubling down on the sadness help drag us out of the mire(泥沼 )？A new study sheds light on what’s going on inside our brains 12．  we match our music to our feelings. It looks like sad music can be enjoyable rather than 13．   (simple) depressing because it triggers positive memories that can help to lift our mood. Psychologist Adrian North from Curtin University in Australia says there 14．    (be)two groups of possible15．    (explain)for why we enjoy listening to sad music like this: one from social psychology, and one from cognitive neuroscience(认知神经学).In terms of social psychology, one way of 16．   (think) about this is that we feel much better about 17．    (we) if we focus on someone who’s doing even worse, a process known as downward social comparison. Everything’s going to be okay, because this person 18．   (have) an even worse day than you are.Another theory from social psychology is that people like to listen 19．    music that mirrors the tone of their current life circumstances -the songs act as 20．   sort of tuning fork(音叉) for our own situations and they resonate(共鸣) with us.               【答案】older【解析】根据下文than before可知应用形容词比较级，故填older。【答案】Certainly【解析】句意：当然在假期期间，这种植物是绝对必要的事物。介词短语做时间状语，因此只有改变成副词才能复合句子结构，用副词形式做状语。故填Certainly。【答案】beautiful【解析】句意：美丽的长枝上覆盖着粉红色的花蕾，做成漂亮的装饰。修饰名词branches，用形容词形式。故填beautiful。【答案】gently【解析】句意：当小船缓缓地沿着江面移动时，山在水中的倒影使他说不出话来。此处修饰动词moved应用副词gently作状语，表示“缓缓地”。故填gently。【答案】poorly【解析】根据句意和结构分析可知，此处用副词poorly修饰谓语动词has been studied，意为“研究很少”。故填poorly。【答案】finally【解析】根据空格所处位置可知，此处应用副词形式作状语，修饰谓语动词have been acknowledged，意为“最终得以认可”，故填finally。【答案】actually【解析】句意：对肉的需求实际上是这种变化的背后原因。句子结构完整，用副词修饰句子。故填actually。【答案】global【解析】句意：中国约占全球化肥总消费量的30%。fertilizer consumption是名词短语，故应该用形容词修饰。故填global。【答案】loudest【解析】根据后面的of all可知，他声音最大，所以用最高级loudest。【答案】higher【解析】此处修饰名词cost用形容词，由even表示程度修饰比较级，故填higher。【答案】energetic【解析】设空处作表语，表示主语的特征，故填形容词energetic。【答案】actually【解析】句意：对于肉类的喜爱实际上是这一变化背后的原因——中国的玉米有很重要的一个作用就是用来饲养鸡、猪和牛。此处需用副词作状语，故用actual的副词形式actually。【答案】successful【解析】句意：伦敦中心地铁是这些线路中最成功的一条。most后跟形容词构成形容词的最高级，所以答案填successful。【答案】connection/connections【解析】考查名词。句意：其他的美国研究表明校服和在校表现之间没有联系。no是形容词，形容词修饰名词，位于名词前，名词可用复数也可用单数形式。connect是动词，因此，要用其名词形式。故填connection/connections。【答案】worse【解析】句意：甚至更糟糕的是，人们所吃的快餐的量增加了。此处应表达的是更糟的是，故此处应填入bad的比较级worse。【答案】disappointed【解析】句意：我对你非常失望！你怎么能那样说？根据句意和am可知，应用形容【答案】survival【解析】句意：非法的限制正在威胁着这个物种的生存。根据上文的定冠词the，可知本空应用名词形式survival。【答案】embarrassed【解析】句意：她十分难堪地开口承认犯了一个如此愚蠢的错误。修饰人用-ed结尾的形容词，故填embarrassed。【答案】breathless【解析】句意：当我到达山顶时，累得上气不接下气。系动词后跟形容词做表语，且根据下文when I got to the top of the mountain,故知填形容词breathless。【答案】illegal【解析】句意：把烟草卖给16岁以下的人是不合法的。根据后文sell tobacco to someone under 16可知应填legal（合法的）的反义词：illegal。Passage1【答案】1．to make  2．having  3．be found  4．turns/turnings 5．or6．the   7．aimlessly  8．Unsuccessful 9．to   10．what/which【解析】1．考查固定短语。短语allow sb to do sth.“允许某人做某事”后跟不定式，故填to make。2．考查固定短语。句意：这就像有地图告诉你要去哪里一样。固定句式it is like doing sth.“就像做某事一样”，故填having。3．考查动词时态语态。句意：一个人心中有一个可以在地图上找到的目的地。定语从句主语destination与谓语动词find构成被动关系，且情态动词can后跟动词原形，故填be found。4．考查名词。句意：她可以直接开车到那里，不会浪费时间，也不会拐错弯。wrong为形容词修饰可数名词turn/turning“转弯”，且turn前面没有冠词故应用复数形式，故填turns/turnings。5．考查连词。句意：另一个驱动程序没有目标、目的地或地图。根据上文no goal or destination可知应填or“或者”。6．考查冠词。first为序数词前面需要添加定冠词。故填the。7．考查副词。句意：她和第一个司机在同一时间从同一地点出发，但是她漫无目的地开着车，哪儿也去不了，只是用完了汽油。drive为动词需要副词修饰，且表示“漫无目的地”故填aimlessly。8．考查形容词。句意：不成功的人只是让生活意外发生。people为名词需要形容词修饰，且根据下文just let life happen by accident可知是指“不成功的人”的做法。故填Unsuccessful。9．考查固定短语。句意：这取决于你去发现你真正的目标是什么。短语up to sb.“取决于某人”，故填to。10．考查连接词。句意：你必须决定要达到什么目标，朝什么/哪个方向生活。本句为宾语从句，从句中做介词in的宾语，指物，表示“什么”或 “哪一个” 故填what/which。Passage2【答案】11．better  12．when/as  13．simply  14．are  15．explanations16．thinking  17．ourselves  18．is having/has 19．to  20．a【解析】11．考查形容词比较级。句意：我们都曾在生命中的某些时刻通过听悲伤的歌来让自己好受一些。空格处单词位于系动词feel后，应用形容词形式。根据句意“让我们感受更好受一些”，应使用形容词比较级形式。且空格处单词与第三段中的“feel much better”呼应，故填better。12．考查时间状语从句中的连词。句意：一项新的研究阐明了当我们将所听的音乐与心中感受配对的时候我们大脑里到底发生了什么。根据句意，这是一个时间状语从句。由于空格后句子使用的是一般现在时，所以空格处连词可以填when/as。13．考查副词。句意：其结果显示：悲伤的音乐也能带来愉悦而不是简单地令人低落。空格处单词修饰形容词depressing，应用副词形式。故填simply。14．考查主谓一致。这里使用的是there be句型，be动词与其后主语保持一致。句中“two groups of”为复数意义，故be动词填are。15．考查名词的复数形式。空格处单词位于形容词后介词前，应用名词形式。“explain（解释）”的名词形式为explanation，且为可数名词。这句话后列出了来自社会心理学与来自认知神经科学的两派解释，所以空格处名词用复数形式。故填explanations。16．考查动名词。句意：从社会心理学这一派来讲，有一种思路是：当我们把注意力集中在一个比我们过得还惨的人身上时，我们会觉得好受些。空格位于介词of后，且think about是动词词组，所以空格处填动名词形式。故填thinking。17．考查反身代词。句意同上。由于表语从句的从句部分主语we与about后的宾语指代的是同一类人，所以介词后宾语使用反身代词。we的反身代词为ourselves，故填ourselves。18．考查时态语态与主谓一致。句意：一切都会好起来的，因为这个人比你过得更惨。这是原因状语从句，前半句使用的是一般现在时，所以从句部分也使用一般时态。根据句意，从句部分使用一般现在时或现在进行时都可以，主语this person是第三人称单数，故填is having/has。19．考查介词。句意：另一个假说是人们喜欢听那些能反映自己现在生活境况基调的音乐，这些歌对于我们的境况来讲起到了类似音叉的作用，它们与我们产生了共鸣。“listen”是不及物动词，后边加名词时需要加介词to，故填to。20．考查冠词。句意同上。空格位于单数名词sort前，空格前为介词，所以空格处需要填冠词。“a sort of”意为“一种”，为固定搭配。故填a。