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(通用版)高考英语二轮复习课件 第2讲 专题2形容词和副词 (含详解)
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这是一份(通用版)高考英语二轮复习课件 第2讲 专题2形容词和副词 (含详解)，共60页。PPT课件主要包含了重 温 真 题，wonderful ，global ，energetic ，careful ，poorly ，finally ，hugely ，Recently ，actually 等内容，欢迎下载使用。
1 重 温 真 题
2 考 点 精 析
3 考 点 集 训
考向1 词形变换之形容词单句语法填空1．(2019·全国II卷)We are s prud f her. It's _____________ (wnder)．解析：考查词性转化。根据句子结构可知，在系动词is之后用形容词形式作表语，需要把名词wnder转化为形容词wnderful。故填wnderful。
2．(2019·浙江卷)Schl unifrms are _______________ (traditin) in Britain, but sme schls are starting t get rid f them. 解析：考查词性转化。句意：穿校服在英国是一个传统，但是一些学校开始允许学生上学不用穿校服。are是系动词，其后常用形容词作表语，traditin是名词，“传统”的意思。因此，用其形容词形式。故填traditinal。
traditinal
3．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Accrding t the Wrld Bank, China accunts fr abut 30 percent f ttal __________(glbe)fertilizer cnsumptin. 解析：考查词性转换。句意：根据世界银行，中国约占全球化肥总消费量的30%。fertilizer cnsumptin是名词短语，故应该用形容词修饰。故填glbal。4．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Running is cheap, easy and it's always _____________ (energy). 解析：考查词形变化。跑步总是让人充满活力的。根据it's可知，系动词后用形容词作表语。故填energetic。
5．(2018·浙江卷)The bvius ne is mney; eating ut nce r twice a week may be ______________(affrd) but ding this mst days adds up. 解析：考查形容词。此处表示一周一两次外出吃饭是负担得起的。系动词be后用形容词作表语，表示“负担得起的”，故填affrdable。6．(2017·全国Ⅰ)Having enugh fat and salt in yur meals will reduce the urge t snack(吃点心) between meals and will imprve the taste f yur fd. Hwever, be ___________(care) nt t g t extremes.解析：be之后接形容词作表语，care的形容词形式是careful。
7．(2017·全国Ⅱ)The Central Lndn Railway was ne f the mst ____________ (success) f these new lines, and was pened in 1900.解析：“ne f the＋形容词最高级＋可数名词复数”表示“最……的……之一”，此处应填success的形容词形式successful。8．(2017·浙江)But smething made her lk clser, and she nticed a _________________(shine) bject.解析：空格处修饰名词bject，故用形容词。shine的形容词形式为shiny/shining, 意为“闪闪发光的”。
successful
shiny/shining
9．(四川)She was a very __________________(care) mther. Fr 25 days, she never left her baby, nt even t find smething t eat!解析：空格处修饰名词mther，故用形容词，care的形容词是caring(照料他人的)或careful(细心的)。在此，两个形容词在语意上都能讲得通。
caring/careful
10．(新课标全国Ⅱ)There were many peple waiting at the bus stp, and sme f them lked very anxius and ________________(disappint)．解析：第二个分句中，主语是sme f them, and连接两个并列成分，再结合前面的形容词anxius可知，此处也应该填一个形容词。故用disappinted表示“他们中有些人感到失望”。
disappinted
考向2 词形变换之副词单句语法填空1．(2019·全国Ⅰ卷)It is difficult t figure ut a glbal ppulatin f plar bears as much f the range has been __________ (pr) studied.解析：考查形容词副词的相互转化。空格处的词应该修饰后面的动词studied，故用副词prly。句意：很难计算出全球北极熊的数量，因为已经对北极熊的分布范围进行的研究还不够。
2．(2019·全国II卷)Her years f hard wrk have been ___________ (final) acknwledged after a custmer nminated (提名)her t be Chelshire's Wman Of The Year.解析：考查形容词副词的相互转化。空格处的词应该修饰后面的动词acknwledged，故用副词finally。句意：在一位顾客提名她为切尔什尔年度最佳女性后，她多年的辛勤工作(最终)得到了认可。
3．(2019·全国III卷)They als shared with us many traditinal stries abut Hawaii that were __________ (huge) ppular with visitrs.解析：考查形容词副词的相互转化。空格后的ppular 是形容词，应该被副词修饰，故填hugely。句意：他们还与我们分享了许多关于夏威夷的传统故事，这些故事在游客中很受欢迎。
4. (2018·11月浙江高考) ____________ (recent ), caffeine has fund its way int range, apple, and ther flavred drinks.解析：考查词性转换之形容词转化为副词。此处应该用recent的副词形式来做全句的时间状语，故填Recently。
5．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)A taste fr meat is ____________(actual) behind the change: An imprtant part f its crn is used t feed chickens, pigs, and cattle.解析：考查副词。第一句句意：对肉的需求实际上是这种变化的背后原因。句子结构完整，用副词修饰句子。故填actually。
6．(2017·全国Ⅱ)Steam engines were used t pull the carriages and it must have been __________(fair) unpleasant fr the passengers, with all the smke and nise.解析：所填词修饰形容词unpleasant，故用fair的副词形式fairly。7．(2017·全国Ⅲ)It is _____________(certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal.解析：此处应该用副词来修饰形容词fun。certain的副词形式为certainly。
8．(全国Ⅱ)Walls made f adbe take in the heat frm the sun n ht days and give ut that heat __________(slw) during cl nights, thus warming the huse.解析：句意：由土坯制成的墙壁在炎热的白天吸收太阳的热量并在凉爽的夜间慢慢将热量释放出来。修饰谓语动词give ut，因此要用副词形式。
9．(广东)He wned a farm, which lked almst abandned. ___________(lucky), he als had a cw which prduced milk every day.解析：第二句句意：幸运的是，他还有一头奶牛，每天都能产奶。luckily adv.幸运的是，这里用副词修饰整个句子。
10．(新课标全国Ⅰ)The river was s plluted that it ____________(actual) caught fire and burned.解析：空格处修饰动词caught和burned，故用副词形式actually。11．(新课标全国Ⅱ)Everyne n the bus began talking abut what the by had dne, and the crwd f strangers ____________(sudden) became friendly t ne anther.解析：由空格后面的became可知，此处应用sudden的副词形式来修饰动词，因此填suddenly。
12．(广东)When we were wndering what t d, the manager came ut. She was ________________(surprise) helpful.解析：helpful为形容词，要由副词来修饰。surprise先转换成形容词surprising，再转换成副词surprisingly。
surprisingly
考向3 形容词和副词的比较等级单句语法填空1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Accrding t a review f evidence in a medical jurnal, runners live three years __________(lng) than nn－runners. 解析：考查副词的比较级。医学报告显示：经常跑步的人比不跑步的人多活3年。根据than可知用比较级，故填lnger。
2．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)While running regularly can't make yu live frever, the review says it is mre effective at lengthening life ________ walking, cycling r swimming.解析：考查比较句型。跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。根据文章中的mre effective可知，此处填than。
3．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)He screams the ___________(lud)f all. The nise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges tward me. 解析：考查最高级。根据后面的f all可知，这里指所有猩猩中喊叫“最大声的”，所以用最高级ludest。4．(2018·浙江卷)There culd be an even __________(high) cst n yur health.解析：考查形容词比较级。此处修饰名词cst用形容词，even表示程度，修饰比较级，故填higher。
5．(2017·全国Ⅰ)As a result, peple will eat mre fd t try t make up fr that smething missing. Even _________(bad), the amunt f fast fd that peple eat ges up.解析：第二句句意：更糟糕的是，人们所吃快餐的数量增加了。根据语境可知，此处表示程度的加深，所以用比较级形式。even wrse更糟的是，可以看作固定搭配。
6．(2017·浙江)Sixteen years ___________(early), Pahlssn had remved the diamnd ring t ck a meal.解析：sixteen years earlier意为“早在16年前”。7．(全国Ⅱ)If yu feel stressed by respnsibilities at wrk, yu shuld take a step back and identify(识别) thse f ___________(great) and less imprtance.解析：根据后面的and less可知，此处也要用比较级形式。
8．(新课标全国Ⅰ)Finally, that hard wrk paid ff and nw the water in the river is ___________(clean) than ever.解析：从后面的than可知此处要用比较级，因此要用cleaner。
9．(广东)After ur plane landed, we went t the htel. We had made ur reservatin six mnths ___________(early), but the man at the frnt desk said there had been a mistake.解析：由had made可知该动作发生在到达旅馆之前，故应该是早在六个月之前我们就已经预订了，故用比较级earlier。
10．(辽宁)The __________(hard) yu try t beat him, the mre likely yu will get hit.解析：句意：你越是努力击败他，就越可能被击败。这里是“the＋比较级＋比较级”句式，表示“越……就越……”，故填harder。
考向4 易混淆形容词、副词与特殊结构中的副词单句语法填空1．(2017·浙江)Pahlssn screamed ______ludly that her daughter came running frm the huse.解析：分析句子结构可知，s与后面的that构成句型意为“如此……以至于……”。s修饰副词ludly。
2．(全国Ⅰ)It was raining lightly when I arrived in Yangshu just befre dawn. But I didn't care. A few hurs __________________， I'd been at hme in Hng Kng, with its chking smg.解析：由语境可知，几个小时之前我还在香港的家中忍受着那里令人窒息的雾霾。由此可知befre/earlier符合句意。
befre/earlier
►形容词和副词的功能1．形容词的功能：形容词主要是用来修饰名词或代词，说明事物或人的性质、特征、状态，在句中：①作定语修饰名词或代词，说明其性质、特征等；②作表语与连系动词构成系表结构，说明主语的性质或特征；③作补足语说明宾语或主语的性质、状态或特征；④作状语主要表示原因、伴随等。⑤作独立成分。2．副词的功能：副词作状语说明动作性质或状态的特征，常用来修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语及整个句子等。
►形容词和副词的核心考点1．形容词和副词的位置形容词是用来修饰名词的，常被放在名词前作定语，或放在系动词后面作表语。而副词则是用来修饰形容词、动词、其他副词或者句子的，一般位于形容词之前，动词之后或句子之首。以下属几种特殊情况，须牢记：(1)形容词短语作定语，须后置。a task difficult t finish
(2)表语形容词(afraid，alike，alne，asleep，awake，alive等)作定语，须后置，如a man alive。有些表身体健康状况的形容词如well，faint，ill只作表语；sick既可作表语又可作定语。ill如果不是表示身体或精神上“不适的”“不健康的”“有病的”等，而是表示类似bad(不好的)的意思时，通常只作定语。He’s been ill since then.By ill luck，my flight had been cancelled.
(3)形容词用作定语，修饰由不定代词ne，n，any，sme和every构成的复合词如anything，smething等时，通常后置。I have smething imprtant t tell yu.(4)else常用作疑问代词和不定代词的后置定语。(5)enugh修饰名词前置或后置均可；修饰形容词、动词或副词时，必须后置。(6)几个副词并列作状语时，其顺序较灵活，但一般是：方式→地点→时间。We had a gd time tgether utdrs last Sunday.(7)频度副词如ften，always，usually等放在be动词后，行为动词前。
(8)副词作定语，须后置。The persn there is waiting fr yu.(9)几个并列的形容词作定语，其语序通常为：限定词(包括冠词、所有格、人称代词、指示代词、数词等)＋观点词(品质、状态，即表示好、坏、美、丑等的词)＋形状或样式词(大小、长短或高低词)＋年龄或新旧词＋颜色词＋产地或来源词＋材料或种类词＋用途词＋名词。a heavy black Chinese steel umbrella
2．形容词和副词的比较等级(1)原级的构成和用法。构成：形容词、副词的原级即本身。用法：表示双方在程度、性质、特征等某方面相等时，用“as＋原级形容词/副词＋as”的结构；表示双方不相等时，用“nt s/as＋原级形容词/副词＋as”的结构；表示一方是另一方的若干倍时，用“倍数＋as＋原级形容词/副词＋as”的结构。Xia Wang is as tall as Xia Yu.Miss Xu speaks English as fluently as yu.This building lks nt s/as high as that ne.This rm is three times as large as that ne.
(2)比较级和最高级的构成。掌握比较级和最高级的变化规则，熟记少数不符合规则的特殊形容词和副词。(3)比较级的用法。①表示一方超过另一方时，用“比较级＋than”的结构表示。This picture is mre beautiful than that ne.②表示一方不及另一方时，用“less＋原级＋than。”的结构表示。This rm is less beautiful than that ne.③表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时，可在比较级前加表示程度的状语，如even，a lt，a bit，a little，still，much，far，yet，by far等修饰。He wrks even harder than befre.
注意：(A)英语的比较级前如无even，still或yet等时，译成汉语时可用“较”或“……一些”或不译出，一般不可用“更”。She is better than she was yesterday.她今天身体好些了。Please cme earlier tmrrw.请明天早点来。
(B)by far通常用于强调最高级。用于比较级时，一般放在比较级的后面，如在前面，应在二者中间加“the”。He is taller by far than his brther.He is by far the taller f the tw brthers.④表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时，用“the＋比较级(主语＋谓语)，the＋比较级(主语＋谓语)”的结构(意为“越……就越……”)。 The harder he wrks，the happier he feels.
⑤不与其他事物相比，表示本身程度的改变时，用“比较级＋and＋比较级”的结构。 The weather is getting clder and clder.⑥某些以－ir结尾的形容词进行比较时，用t代替than。这些词有inferir(劣等的，次的)，superir(较好的，优于……)，junir(资历较浅的)，senir(资格较老的)，prir(在……之前)等。 He is superir t Mr. Zhang in chemistry.
⑦在比较从句中为了避免重复，我们通常用that(thse)，ne(nes)代替前面出现的名词。that指物，ne既可指人又可指物；that可代替单数可数名词(相当于the ne)和不可数名词，而ne只能代替可数名词。The bk n the table is mre interesting than that(或the ne)n the desk.I'm afraid Alice’s the nly ne wh can d it.
⑧倍数表达法。(A)A is three(fur，etc.)times the size(height，length，etc.)f B.The new building is fur times the size(the height) f the ld ne.(B)A is three(fur，etc.)times as big(high，lng，etc.)as B.Asia is fur times as large as Eurpe.(C)A is three(fur，etc.)times bigger(higher，lnger，etc.)than B.Yur schl is three times bigger than urs.注意：用times表倍数通常用于三倍以上，一倍用nce，两倍可以用twice或duble。
(4)最高级的用法。①三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度时，用“the＋最高级”的结构表示。这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语。Zhang Hua is the tallest f the three.He wrks (the) hardest in his class.②最高级可被序数词以及much，by far，nearly，almst，by n means，nt quite，nt really等词或短语修饰。This hat is by far/much/nearly/almst/nt really/by n means/nt quite the biggest.
③表示“最高程度”的形容词。如excellent，extreme，perfect等，没有最高级，也不能用比较级。④形容词最高级修饰作表语或介词宾语的名词、代词时，被修饰的词往往省略。He is the tallest(by)in his class.⑤作状语的副词最高级前可以不加定冠词。Of all the bys he came(the)earliest.⑥否定词＋比较级＝最高级He has never spent a mre wrrying day.
(5)形容词和副词前面使用冠词的情况。①形容词最高级前一般要加定冠词，副词最高级前可不加冠词。②形容词最高级前有时加不定冠词，或不加冠词，不表比较，表示“非常”。He is a mst clever yung pliceman.(mst＝very)The film is mst interesting.(mst＝very)③表示两者间“较……的一个”，比较级前加the。 Wh is the lder f the tw bys?④在“the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...”结构中，可用省略形式。The mre，the better.
(6)由as组成的形容词或副词短语。①as much as用于表示具体数量时，其后接的可能是可数名词，常用在“雨量、水量、时间量、重量、钱数，价格”等方面，表示总量和单位量的大小，意思是“……之多；多达……”Each stne weighs as much as fifteen tns.She culd earn as much as 100 dllars a week.②as many as常用于人或物的具体数量前，侧重于具体数目，意思是“和……一样多；多达……”I have as many as sixteen reference bks.
③as early as早在As early as the twelfth century the English began t invade the island.④as far as远到；就……而知(论)We might g as far as(远到)the church and back.As far as l knw(据我所知)，he has been there befre。⑤may(might)as well不妨，不如Then yu might as well stay with us here.⑥ ne can尽某人所能的……He began t run，as fast as he culd.⑦ pssible尽可能……的Just get them t finish up as quickly as pssible.
3．几组重要的词语辨析(1)very和much的区别。①可分等级的形容词和副词前使用very不用much。②表示状态的分词形容词前用very。如a very frightened by，a very tired child，a very cmplicated prblem。一般情况下，以－ing，－ed结尾的分词形容词多用much，very much，greatly等修饰。We were greatly shcked by the news abut Tm.I was much amused by Jack's attitude.③已转化为形容词的现在分词前用very。如：very interesting/wrrying/exciting。
④t前用much，a lt或far，不用very。如：Yu are much/far/a lt t nice.另外，在t many/much，t few/little前可用far。There's far t little pprtunity fr adventure these days.We've gt far t many eggs and far t few egg cups.⑤关于原级形容词要记住下列固定的修饰结构：(A)修饰“绝对”意义的形容词，一般不用very，而用quite，cmpletely，well，entirely。如：quite wrng(mistaken，sure)，cmpletely dead，quite impssible，quite perfect等。
(B)修饰以a－开头的形容词，多有特殊的修饰词：quite alne，very much alne，wide awake，fast asleep，very much afraid。(C)修饰一些特殊形容词的修饰语有：be well wrth，much the same，freezing cld，quite different，terribly cld/frightening。
注意：下列结构中只能用s不可用such：当名词前有many，much，little，few等表示“多、少”的词修饰时，如s much prgress，s many peple，s little fd，s few apples等。但当little表示“小”时用such，如：These are such little bys that they can’t dress themselves. 下列短语中s的用法是错误的：s a difficult prblem, s difficult prblems，s ht weather。
(3)其他几组词的辨析。①ag，befre：ag表示以现在为起点的“以前”；befre指以过去或将来的某时刻为起点的“以前”。泛指“以前”用befre而不用ag。②already，yet，still：already表示某事已经发生；yet表示期待某事发生；still表示某事还在进行，主要用于肯定句。③t，als，either：t和als用于肯定句，t多用于口语，als多用于书面语；either用于否定句。
④gd，well：与gd不同的是，well作形容词用，只能在系动词后作表语，表示“身体状况好的”；well还可作副词修饰动词。⑤quick，fast：作形容词皆表示“快的”。fast多指运动的物体，含持续的意思；quick多指一次动作的敏捷、突然，而且持续的时间较短。⑥real，true：作形容词皆表示“真的”。real强调真实存在的而不是幻想的，在句中常作定语；true指与事实标准和实际情况相符合，在句中作表语或定语。⑦hard，difficult：均表示“困难”，但hard通常指体力上困难；difficult则指智力或技能上的困难，困难程度大于hard。它们都可作定语和表语。
4．词形转换(1)名词或动词转化为形容词的规律
(2)形容词转化为副词的规律
2．汉语干扰，词性混乱(1)形容词误作动词(误)He eager t knw everything abut China.(正)He is eager t knw everything abut China.(2)形容词与名词混淆(误)The sprt teaches us the imprtant f bedience.(正)The sprt teaches us the imprtance f bedience.
(3)形容词与副词混淆(误)Unfrtunate， many peple are ignrant f it.(正)Unfrtunately，many peple are ignrant f it.3．比较级的错误表达(误)The sea level is rising mre and mre high.(误)The sea level is rising mre and mre higher.(正)The sea level is rising higher and higher.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．He spke t me in English and started explaining his past life when he was ___________(health)．2．It might have made it a little __________(hard) fr everybdy because it meant they had t turn arund, but that didn't stp the kids in the class.3．Lst in the tune，he came suddenly upn a ____________(hme) beggar lying in the midst f the sidewalk. He reached dwn, tuched the beggar's cheek, and left a 100－dllar bill t him.
4．The mre we d fr the peple, the ___________(happy) we'll be.5．The lyrics f the sngs make rap music _________(true) unique.6．Sme pliticians have been quick t describe the event as simple ___________ (vilence) actin.7．They were ___________(clear) lng－standing custmers, and I suppse they must have stayed ____________(faith) t him because he had prmised t sell fruit f gd quality.
8．The cnclusins are cntained in the agency's __________(late) reprt.9．The teacher replied, “Yu tasted the water. I tasted the gift. The water was simply the cntainer fr an act f kindness and lve. Nthing culd be ___________ (sweet)．”10．Fr sme reasn he sat beside Mary. Mary felt ___________(please), because there were many empty seats in the rm.
Ⅱ.语法填空(形容词和副词专练)I dn't think there is much 1.______________(difficult) in learning English well, because as lng as yu master the methd and wrk hard, yu can make prgress 2.___________(rapid). I believe that the 3.__________(hard) yu wrk at yur study, the greater prgress yu will make. Fr example, Li Ping, a friend f mine, is the 4.________ hard－wrking student in ur class, and he gets 5.__________(high) marks than any ther student in ur class in every English test.
difficulty
Led by him, all the students in ur class are studying English harder 6.________ befre. As a result, in the 7.__________(late) English test, ur class was the 8.__________ (gd) f the tw classes taught by ur English teacher, and the number f students wh gt excellent marks is twice 9.__________(large) than that f the ther. 10._____________， all f us shuld study hard n matter what we learn.
1 重 温 真 题
2 考 点 精 析
3 考 点 集 训
考向1 词形变换之形容词单句语法填空1．(2019·全国II卷)We are s prud f her. It's _____________ (wnder)．解析：考查词性转化。根据句子结构可知，在系动词is之后用形容词形式作表语，需要把名词wnder转化为形容词wnderful。故填wnderful。
2．(2019·浙江卷)Schl unifrms are _______________ (traditin) in Britain, but sme schls are starting t get rid f them. 解析：考查词性转化。句意：穿校服在英国是一个传统，但是一些学校开始允许学生上学不用穿校服。are是系动词，其后常用形容词作表语，traditin是名词，“传统”的意思。因此，用其形容词形式。故填traditinal。
traditinal
3．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Accrding t the Wrld Bank, China accunts fr abut 30 percent f ttal __________(glbe)fertilizer cnsumptin. 解析：考查词性转换。句意：根据世界银行，中国约占全球化肥总消费量的30%。fertilizer cnsumptin是名词短语，故应该用形容词修饰。故填glbal。4．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Running is cheap, easy and it's always _____________ (energy). 解析：考查词形变化。跑步总是让人充满活力的。根据it's可知，系动词后用形容词作表语。故填energetic。
5．(2018·浙江卷)The bvius ne is mney; eating ut nce r twice a week may be ______________(affrd) but ding this mst days adds up. 解析：考查形容词。此处表示一周一两次外出吃饭是负担得起的。系动词be后用形容词作表语，表示“负担得起的”，故填affrdable。6．(2017·全国Ⅰ)Having enugh fat and salt in yur meals will reduce the urge t snack(吃点心) between meals and will imprve the taste f yur fd. Hwever, be ___________(care) nt t g t extremes.解析：be之后接形容词作表语，care的形容词形式是careful。
7．(2017·全国Ⅱ)The Central Lndn Railway was ne f the mst ____________ (success) f these new lines, and was pened in 1900.解析：“ne f the＋形容词最高级＋可数名词复数”表示“最……的……之一”，此处应填success的形容词形式successful。8．(2017·浙江)But smething made her lk clser, and she nticed a _________________(shine) bject.解析：空格处修饰名词bject，故用形容词。shine的形容词形式为shiny/shining, 意为“闪闪发光的”。
successful
shiny/shining
9．(四川)She was a very __________________(care) mther. Fr 25 days, she never left her baby, nt even t find smething t eat!解析：空格处修饰名词mther，故用形容词，care的形容词是caring(照料他人的)或careful(细心的)。在此，两个形容词在语意上都能讲得通。
caring/careful
10．(新课标全国Ⅱ)There were many peple waiting at the bus stp, and sme f them lked very anxius and ________________(disappint)．解析：第二个分句中，主语是sme f them, and连接两个并列成分，再结合前面的形容词anxius可知，此处也应该填一个形容词。故用disappinted表示“他们中有些人感到失望”。
disappinted
考向2 词形变换之副词单句语法填空1．(2019·全国Ⅰ卷)It is difficult t figure ut a glbal ppulatin f plar bears as much f the range has been __________ (pr) studied.解析：考查形容词副词的相互转化。空格处的词应该修饰后面的动词studied，故用副词prly。句意：很难计算出全球北极熊的数量，因为已经对北极熊的分布范围进行的研究还不够。
2．(2019·全国II卷)Her years f hard wrk have been ___________ (final) acknwledged after a custmer nminated (提名)her t be Chelshire's Wman Of The Year.解析：考查形容词副词的相互转化。空格处的词应该修饰后面的动词acknwledged，故用副词finally。句意：在一位顾客提名她为切尔什尔年度最佳女性后，她多年的辛勤工作(最终)得到了认可。
3．(2019·全国III卷)They als shared with us many traditinal stries abut Hawaii that were __________ (huge) ppular with visitrs.解析：考查形容词副词的相互转化。空格后的ppular 是形容词，应该被副词修饰，故填hugely。句意：他们还与我们分享了许多关于夏威夷的传统故事，这些故事在游客中很受欢迎。
4. (2018·11月浙江高考) ____________ (recent ), caffeine has fund its way int range, apple, and ther flavred drinks.解析：考查词性转换之形容词转化为副词。此处应该用recent的副词形式来做全句的时间状语，故填Recently。
5．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)A taste fr meat is ____________(actual) behind the change: An imprtant part f its crn is used t feed chickens, pigs, and cattle.解析：考查副词。第一句句意：对肉的需求实际上是这种变化的背后原因。句子结构完整，用副词修饰句子。故填actually。
6．(2017·全国Ⅱ)Steam engines were used t pull the carriages and it must have been __________(fair) unpleasant fr the passengers, with all the smke and nise.解析：所填词修饰形容词unpleasant，故用fair的副词形式fairly。7．(2017·全国Ⅲ)It is _____________(certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal.解析：此处应该用副词来修饰形容词fun。certain的副词形式为certainly。
8．(全国Ⅱ)Walls made f adbe take in the heat frm the sun n ht days and give ut that heat __________(slw) during cl nights, thus warming the huse.解析：句意：由土坯制成的墙壁在炎热的白天吸收太阳的热量并在凉爽的夜间慢慢将热量释放出来。修饰谓语动词give ut，因此要用副词形式。
9．(广东)He wned a farm, which lked almst abandned. ___________(lucky), he als had a cw which prduced milk every day.解析：第二句句意：幸运的是，他还有一头奶牛，每天都能产奶。luckily adv.幸运的是，这里用副词修饰整个句子。
10．(新课标全国Ⅰ)The river was s plluted that it ____________(actual) caught fire and burned.解析：空格处修饰动词caught和burned，故用副词形式actually。11．(新课标全国Ⅱ)Everyne n the bus began talking abut what the by had dne, and the crwd f strangers ____________(sudden) became friendly t ne anther.解析：由空格后面的became可知，此处应用sudden的副词形式来修饰动词，因此填suddenly。
12．(广东)When we were wndering what t d, the manager came ut. She was ________________(surprise) helpful.解析：helpful为形容词，要由副词来修饰。surprise先转换成形容词surprising，再转换成副词surprisingly。
surprisingly
考向3 形容词和副词的比较等级单句语法填空1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Accrding t a review f evidence in a medical jurnal, runners live three years __________(lng) than nn－runners. 解析：考查副词的比较级。医学报告显示：经常跑步的人比不跑步的人多活3年。根据than可知用比较级，故填lnger。
2．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)While running regularly can't make yu live frever, the review says it is mre effective at lengthening life ________ walking, cycling r swimming.解析：考查比较句型。跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。根据文章中的mre effective可知，此处填than。
3．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)He screams the ___________(lud)f all. The nise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges tward me. 解析：考查最高级。根据后面的f all可知，这里指所有猩猩中喊叫“最大声的”，所以用最高级ludest。4．(2018·浙江卷)There culd be an even __________(high) cst n yur health.解析：考查形容词比较级。此处修饰名词cst用形容词，even表示程度，修饰比较级，故填higher。
5．(2017·全国Ⅰ)As a result, peple will eat mre fd t try t make up fr that smething missing. Even _________(bad), the amunt f fast fd that peple eat ges up.解析：第二句句意：更糟糕的是，人们所吃快餐的数量增加了。根据语境可知，此处表示程度的加深，所以用比较级形式。even wrse更糟的是，可以看作固定搭配。
6．(2017·浙江)Sixteen years ___________(early), Pahlssn had remved the diamnd ring t ck a meal.解析：sixteen years earlier意为“早在16年前”。7．(全国Ⅱ)If yu feel stressed by respnsibilities at wrk, yu shuld take a step back and identify(识别) thse f ___________(great) and less imprtance.解析：根据后面的and less可知，此处也要用比较级形式。
8．(新课标全国Ⅰ)Finally, that hard wrk paid ff and nw the water in the river is ___________(clean) than ever.解析：从后面的than可知此处要用比较级，因此要用cleaner。
9．(广东)After ur plane landed, we went t the htel. We had made ur reservatin six mnths ___________(early), but the man at the frnt desk said there had been a mistake.解析：由had made可知该动作发生在到达旅馆之前，故应该是早在六个月之前我们就已经预订了，故用比较级earlier。
10．(辽宁)The __________(hard) yu try t beat him, the mre likely yu will get hit.解析：句意：你越是努力击败他，就越可能被击败。这里是“the＋比较级＋比较级”句式，表示“越……就越……”，故填harder。
考向4 易混淆形容词、副词与特殊结构中的副词单句语法填空1．(2017·浙江)Pahlssn screamed ______ludly that her daughter came running frm the huse.解析：分析句子结构可知，s与后面的that构成句型意为“如此……以至于……”。s修饰副词ludly。
2．(全国Ⅰ)It was raining lightly when I arrived in Yangshu just befre dawn. But I didn't care. A few hurs __________________， I'd been at hme in Hng Kng, with its chking smg.解析：由语境可知，几个小时之前我还在香港的家中忍受着那里令人窒息的雾霾。由此可知befre/earlier符合句意。
befre/earlier
►形容词和副词的功能1．形容词的功能：形容词主要是用来修饰名词或代词，说明事物或人的性质、特征、状态，在句中：①作定语修饰名词或代词，说明其性质、特征等；②作表语与连系动词构成系表结构，说明主语的性质或特征；③作补足语说明宾语或主语的性质、状态或特征；④作状语主要表示原因、伴随等。⑤作独立成分。2．副词的功能：副词作状语说明动作性质或状态的特征，常用来修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语及整个句子等。
►形容词和副词的核心考点1．形容词和副词的位置形容词是用来修饰名词的，常被放在名词前作定语，或放在系动词后面作表语。而副词则是用来修饰形容词、动词、其他副词或者句子的，一般位于形容词之前，动词之后或句子之首。以下属几种特殊情况，须牢记：(1)形容词短语作定语，须后置。a task difficult t finish
(2)表语形容词(afraid，alike，alne，asleep，awake，alive等)作定语，须后置，如a man alive。有些表身体健康状况的形容词如well，faint，ill只作表语；sick既可作表语又可作定语。ill如果不是表示身体或精神上“不适的”“不健康的”“有病的”等，而是表示类似bad(不好的)的意思时，通常只作定语。He’s been ill since then.By ill luck，my flight had been cancelled.
(3)形容词用作定语，修饰由不定代词ne，n，any，sme和every构成的复合词如anything，smething等时，通常后置。I have smething imprtant t tell yu.(4)else常用作疑问代词和不定代词的后置定语。(5)enugh修饰名词前置或后置均可；修饰形容词、动词或副词时，必须后置。(6)几个副词并列作状语时，其顺序较灵活，但一般是：方式→地点→时间。We had a gd time tgether utdrs last Sunday.(7)频度副词如ften，always，usually等放在be动词后，行为动词前。
(8)副词作定语，须后置。The persn there is waiting fr yu.(9)几个并列的形容词作定语，其语序通常为：限定词(包括冠词、所有格、人称代词、指示代词、数词等)＋观点词(品质、状态，即表示好、坏、美、丑等的词)＋形状或样式词(大小、长短或高低词)＋年龄或新旧词＋颜色词＋产地或来源词＋材料或种类词＋用途词＋名词。a heavy black Chinese steel umbrella
2．形容词和副词的比较等级(1)原级的构成和用法。构成：形容词、副词的原级即本身。用法：表示双方在程度、性质、特征等某方面相等时，用“as＋原级形容词/副词＋as”的结构；表示双方不相等时，用“nt s/as＋原级形容词/副词＋as”的结构；表示一方是另一方的若干倍时，用“倍数＋as＋原级形容词/副词＋as”的结构。Xia Wang is as tall as Xia Yu.Miss Xu speaks English as fluently as yu.This building lks nt s/as high as that ne.This rm is three times as large as that ne.
(2)比较级和最高级的构成。掌握比较级和最高级的变化规则，熟记少数不符合规则的特殊形容词和副词。(3)比较级的用法。①表示一方超过另一方时，用“比较级＋than”的结构表示。This picture is mre beautiful than that ne.②表示一方不及另一方时，用“less＋原级＋than。”的结构表示。This rm is less beautiful than that ne.③表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时，可在比较级前加表示程度的状语，如even，a lt，a bit，a little，still，much，far，yet，by far等修饰。He wrks even harder than befre.
注意：(A)英语的比较级前如无even，still或yet等时，译成汉语时可用“较”或“……一些”或不译出，一般不可用“更”。She is better than she was yesterday.她今天身体好些了。Please cme earlier tmrrw.请明天早点来。
(B)by far通常用于强调最高级。用于比较级时，一般放在比较级的后面，如在前面，应在二者中间加“the”。He is taller by far than his brther.He is by far the taller f the tw brthers.④表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时，用“the＋比较级(主语＋谓语)，the＋比较级(主语＋谓语)”的结构(意为“越……就越……”)。 The harder he wrks，the happier he feels.
⑤不与其他事物相比，表示本身程度的改变时，用“比较级＋and＋比较级”的结构。 The weather is getting clder and clder.⑥某些以－ir结尾的形容词进行比较时，用t代替than。这些词有inferir(劣等的，次的)，superir(较好的，优于……)，junir(资历较浅的)，senir(资格较老的)，prir(在……之前)等。 He is superir t Mr. Zhang in chemistry.
⑦在比较从句中为了避免重复，我们通常用that(thse)，ne(nes)代替前面出现的名词。that指物，ne既可指人又可指物；that可代替单数可数名词(相当于the ne)和不可数名词，而ne只能代替可数名词。The bk n the table is mre interesting than that(或the ne)n the desk.I'm afraid Alice’s the nly ne wh can d it.
⑧倍数表达法。(A)A is three(fur，etc.)times the size(height，length，etc.)f B.The new building is fur times the size(the height) f the ld ne.(B)A is three(fur，etc.)times as big(high，lng，etc.)as B.Asia is fur times as large as Eurpe.(C)A is three(fur，etc.)times bigger(higher，lnger，etc.)than B.Yur schl is three times bigger than urs.注意：用times表倍数通常用于三倍以上，一倍用nce，两倍可以用twice或duble。
(4)最高级的用法。①三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度时，用“the＋最高级”的结构表示。这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语。Zhang Hua is the tallest f the three.He wrks (the) hardest in his class.②最高级可被序数词以及much，by far，nearly，almst，by n means，nt quite，nt really等词或短语修饰。This hat is by far/much/nearly/almst/nt really/by n means/nt quite the biggest.
③表示“最高程度”的形容词。如excellent，extreme，perfect等，没有最高级，也不能用比较级。④形容词最高级修饰作表语或介词宾语的名词、代词时，被修饰的词往往省略。He is the tallest(by)in his class.⑤作状语的副词最高级前可以不加定冠词。Of all the bys he came(the)earliest.⑥否定词＋比较级＝最高级He has never spent a mre wrrying day.
(5)形容词和副词前面使用冠词的情况。①形容词最高级前一般要加定冠词，副词最高级前可不加冠词。②形容词最高级前有时加不定冠词，或不加冠词，不表比较，表示“非常”。He is a mst clever yung pliceman.(mst＝very)The film is mst interesting.(mst＝very)③表示两者间“较……的一个”，比较级前加the。 Wh is the lder f the tw bys?④在“the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...”结构中，可用省略形式。The mre，the better.
(6)由as组成的形容词或副词短语。①as much as用于表示具体数量时，其后接的可能是可数名词，常用在“雨量、水量、时间量、重量、钱数，价格”等方面，表示总量和单位量的大小，意思是“……之多；多达……”Each stne weighs as much as fifteen tns.She culd earn as much as 100 dllars a week.②as many as常用于人或物的具体数量前，侧重于具体数目，意思是“和……一样多；多达……”I have as many as sixteen reference bks.
③as early as早在As early as the twelfth century the English began t invade the island.④as far as远到；就……而知(论)We might g as far as(远到)the church and back.As far as l knw(据我所知)，he has been there befre。⑤may(might)as well不妨，不如Then yu might as well stay with us here.⑥ ne can尽某人所能的……He began t run，as fast as he culd.⑦ pssible尽可能……的Just get them t finish up as quickly as pssible.
3．几组重要的词语辨析(1)very和much的区别。①可分等级的形容词和副词前使用very不用much。②表示状态的分词形容词前用very。如a very frightened by，a very tired child，a very cmplicated prblem。一般情况下，以－ing，－ed结尾的分词形容词多用much，very much，greatly等修饰。We were greatly shcked by the news abut Tm.I was much amused by Jack's attitude.③已转化为形容词的现在分词前用very。如：very interesting/wrrying/exciting。
④t前用much，a lt或far，不用very。如：Yu are much/far/a lt t nice.另外，在t many/much，t few/little前可用far。There's far t little pprtunity fr adventure these days.We've gt far t many eggs and far t few egg cups.⑤关于原级形容词要记住下列固定的修饰结构：(A)修饰“绝对”意义的形容词，一般不用very，而用quite，cmpletely，well，entirely。如：quite wrng(mistaken，sure)，cmpletely dead，quite impssible，quite perfect等。
(B)修饰以a－开头的形容词，多有特殊的修饰词：quite alne，very much alne，wide awake，fast asleep，very much afraid。(C)修饰一些特殊形容词的修饰语有：be well wrth，much the same，freezing cld，quite different，terribly cld/frightening。
注意：下列结构中只能用s不可用such：当名词前有many，much，little，few等表示“多、少”的词修饰时，如s much prgress，s many peple，s little fd，s few apples等。但当little表示“小”时用such，如：These are such little bys that they can’t dress themselves. 下列短语中s的用法是错误的：s a difficult prblem, s difficult prblems，s ht weather。
(3)其他几组词的辨析。①ag，befre：ag表示以现在为起点的“以前”；befre指以过去或将来的某时刻为起点的“以前”。泛指“以前”用befre而不用ag。②already，yet，still：already表示某事已经发生；yet表示期待某事发生；still表示某事还在进行，主要用于肯定句。③t，als，either：t和als用于肯定句，t多用于口语，als多用于书面语；either用于否定句。
④gd，well：与gd不同的是，well作形容词用，只能在系动词后作表语，表示“身体状况好的”；well还可作副词修饰动词。⑤quick，fast：作形容词皆表示“快的”。fast多指运动的物体，含持续的意思；quick多指一次动作的敏捷、突然，而且持续的时间较短。⑥real，true：作形容词皆表示“真的”。real强调真实存在的而不是幻想的，在句中常作定语；true指与事实标准和实际情况相符合，在句中作表语或定语。⑦hard，difficult：均表示“困难”，但hard通常指体力上困难；difficult则指智力或技能上的困难，困难程度大于hard。它们都可作定语和表语。
4．词形转换(1)名词或动词转化为形容词的规律
(2)形容词转化为副词的规律
2．汉语干扰，词性混乱(1)形容词误作动词(误)He eager t knw everything abut China.(正)He is eager t knw everything abut China.(2)形容词与名词混淆(误)The sprt teaches us the imprtant f bedience.(正)The sprt teaches us the imprtance f bedience.
(3)形容词与副词混淆(误)Unfrtunate， many peple are ignrant f it.(正)Unfrtunately，many peple are ignrant f it.3．比较级的错误表达(误)The sea level is rising mre and mre high.(误)The sea level is rising mre and mre higher.(正)The sea level is rising higher and higher.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．He spke t me in English and started explaining his past life when he was ___________(health)．2．It might have made it a little __________(hard) fr everybdy because it meant they had t turn arund, but that didn't stp the kids in the class.3．Lst in the tune，he came suddenly upn a ____________(hme) beggar lying in the midst f the sidewalk. He reached dwn, tuched the beggar's cheek, and left a 100－dllar bill t him.
4．The mre we d fr the peple, the ___________(happy) we'll be.5．The lyrics f the sngs make rap music _________(true) unique.6．Sme pliticians have been quick t describe the event as simple ___________ (vilence) actin.7．They were ___________(clear) lng－standing custmers, and I suppse they must have stayed ____________(faith) t him because he had prmised t sell fruit f gd quality.
8．The cnclusins are cntained in the agency's __________(late) reprt.9．The teacher replied, “Yu tasted the water. I tasted the gift. The water was simply the cntainer fr an act f kindness and lve. Nthing culd be ___________ (sweet)．”10．Fr sme reasn he sat beside Mary. Mary felt ___________(please), because there were many empty seats in the rm.
Ⅱ.语法填空(形容词和副词专练)I dn't think there is much 1.______________(difficult) in learning English well, because as lng as yu master the methd and wrk hard, yu can make prgress 2.___________(rapid). I believe that the 3.__________(hard) yu wrk at yur study, the greater prgress yu will make. Fr example, Li Ping, a friend f mine, is the 4.________ hard－wrking student in ur class, and he gets 5.__________(high) marks than any ther student in ur class in every English test.
difficulty
Led by him, all the students in ur class are studying English harder 6.________ befre. As a result, in the 7.__________(late) English test, ur class was the 8.__________ (gd) f the tw classes taught by ur English teacher, and the number f students wh gt excellent marks is twice 9.__________(large) than that f the ther. 10._____________， all f us shuld study hard n matter what we learn.
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