(通用版)高考英语二轮专题复习专题1 阅读理解 课件+讲义（2份打包，含解析）

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2020
专题 1
阅读理解
01
目录
微专题 02 阅读理解四大解题法
微专题 01 阅读理解四大题型
英语阅读理解要求考生阅读四篇短文,从每题所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项。题材广泛,包括科普、社会、文化、政治、经济等多方面内容。体裁多样,以记叙文、说明文、议论文及应用文为主。高考阅读理解旨在考查考生语言的综合运用能力,要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简
短文段以及公告、说明、广告等,并能从中获取相关信息,具体要求做到:(1)理解文章主旨要义;(2)理解文中具体信息;(3)根据上下文推断生词词义;(4)做出简单判断和推理,理解文章的基本结构;(5)理解作者的意图、观点和态度。
2017~2019年全国Ⅰ卷阅读理解主题和文体分析
2017~2019年全国Ⅱ卷阅读理解主题和文体分析
2017~2019年全国Ⅲ卷阅读理解主题和文体分析
2017~2019年全国卷阅读理解题型比较
从上面的表格可以看出,这几年高考阅读理解有以下特点:(1)融入英语学科核心素养。2019年题材选自一些外国的网站或刊物。题材贴近生活,所宣扬的价值观也符合主流思想,切实体现了《普通高中英语课程标准(2017年版)》英语学科的核心素养。(2)考生阅读量有增有减。试题主要考查考生单位时间内的阅读分析能力。
(3)考查考生快速获取、处理、分析信息的能力。英语阅读理解常考试题类型有细节理解题、推理判断题、词义推断题、主旨大意题,其中细节理解题所占比重最大。题目设置主要以细节理解题和推理判断题为主,兼顾词义推断题和主旨大意题。
(4)无缝衔接课标词汇。全国卷命题衔接《普通高中英语课程标准(2017年版)》词汇,对考生词汇要求提升。试卷中的部分生词给了注释,还有很多未给注释的生词是派生词,考生应该学会利用派生法、转义法拓展词汇,同时多熟悉课标词汇变化部分。
Passage 1[2019·全国Ⅰ,A篇]Need a Job This Summer?The provincial government and its partners offer many programs to help students find summer jobs. The deadlines and what you need to apply depend on the program.
Not a student? Go to the government website to learn about programs and online tools available to help people under 30 build skills, find a job or start businesses all year round.Jobs for YouthIf you are a teenager living in certain parts of the province, you could be eligible(符合条件)for this program, which provides eight weeks of paid employment along with training.
Who is eligible: Youth 15-18 years old in select communities(社区).Summer Company Summer Company provides students with hands-on business training and awards of up to $3,000 to start and run their own summer businesses.Who is eligible: Students aged 15-29, returning to school in the fall.
Stewardship Youth Ranger Program You could apply to be a Stewardship Youth Ranger and work on local natural resource management projects for eight weeks this summer.Who is eligible: Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire, but not turning 18 before December 31 this year.
Summer Employment Opportunities(机会)Through the Summer Employment Opportunities program, students are hired each year in a variety of summer positions across the Provincial Public Service, its related agencies and community groups.Who is eligible: Students aged 15 or older. Some positions require students to be 15 to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disability.
21.What is special about Summer Company? A.It requires no training before employment.B.It provides awards for running new businesses.C.It allows one to work in the natural environment.D.It offers more summer job opportunities.
21.B　细节题。根据Summer Company部分的内容可知,Summer Company提供奖金给学生创业。
22.What is the age range required by Stewardship Youth Ranger Program? A.15-18.　　　B.15-24. C.15-29. D.16-17.
22.D　细节题。根据Stewardship Youth Ranger Program中的“Who is eligible: Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire, but not turning 18 before December 31 this year.”可知答案。
23.Which program favors the disabled? A.Jobs for Youth.B.Summer Company.C.Stewardship Youth Ranger Program.D.Summer Employment Opportunities.
23.D　细节题。根据文章最后一句“Some positions require students to be 15 to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disability.”可知,Summer Employment Opportunities给残疾人提供工作优待。
Passage 2[2019·全国Ⅱ,B篇]“You can use me as a last resort(选择), and if nobody else volunteers,then I will do it.” This was an actual reply from a parent after I put out a request for volunteers for my kids' lacrosse(长曲棍球) club.
I guess that there's probably some demanding work schedule, or social anxiety around stepping up to help for an unknown sport. She may just need a little persuading. So I try again and tug at the heartstrings. I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren't even on...At this point the unwilling parent speaks up,“Alright. Yes, I'll do it.” 
I'm secretly relieved because I know there's real power in sharing volunteer responsibilities among many. The unwilling parent organizes the meal schedule, sends out emails, and collects money for end-of-season gifts. Somewhere along the way, the same parent ends up becoming an invaluable member of the team. The coach is able to focus on the kids while the other parents are relieved to be off the hook for
another season. Handing out sliced oranges to bloodthirsty kids can be as exciting as watching your own kid score a goal.Still, most of us volunteers breathe a sigh of relief when the season comes to a close. That relief is coupled with a deep understanding of why the same people keep coming back for more: Connecting to the community(社区)as you freely give your time, money, skills, or services provides a real joy. Volunteering just feels so good.
In that sense, I'm pretty sure volunteering is more of a selfish act than I'd freely like to admit. However, if others benefit in the process, and I get some reward too, does it really matter where my motivation lies?
24.What can we infer about the parent from her reply in Paragraph 1?A.She knows little about the club.B.She isn't good at sports.C.She just doesn't want to volunteer.D.She's unable to meet her schedule
24.C　推断题。 根据第1段这位家长说的话以及第2段的陈述可知,这位家长的言外之意就是她不愿意做志愿者。
25.What does the underlined phrase“tug at the heartstrings” in Paragraph 2 mean?A.Encourage teamwork. B.Appeal to feelings.C.Promote good deeds. D.Provide advice.
25.B　词义推断题。由上文可知,作者猜测这位家长对于参与一项不熟悉的运动可能有一些顾虑,作者需要说服她。由“I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren't even on...”可知,作者提到了一位有四个孩子的单亲家长负责该活动,以及一位父亲即便自己孩子没有加入球队,也给该球队执教。由此可推断出作者是想从感情上打动这位家长。
26.What can we learn about the parent from Paragraph 3?A.She gets interested in lacrosse.B.She is proud of her kids.C.She'll work for another season.D.She becomes a good helper.
26.D　细节题。根据第3段第2、3句可知,这位家长后来成为社团里的一个好帮手。
27.Why does the author like doing volunteer work?A.It gives her a sense of duty.B.It makes her very happy.C.It enables her to work hard.D.It brings her material rewards.
27.B　细节题。根据第4段最后两句可知,做志愿者使作者很快乐。
Passage 3[2019·全国Ⅲ,C篇]Before the 1830s,most newspapers were sold through annual subscriptions in America, usually $8 to $10 a year. Today $8 or $10 seems a small amount of money, but at that time these amounts were forbidding to most citizens. Accordingly, newspapers were read almost only by rich people in politics or the trades. In addition,
most newspapers had little in them that would appeal to a mass audience. They were dull and visually forbidding. But the revolution that was taking place in the 1830s would change all that.The trend, then, was toward the “penny paper”—a term referring to papers made widely available to the public. It meant any inexpensive newspaper; perhaps more importantly it meant newspapers that could be bought in single copies on the street.
This development did not take place overnight. It had been possible(but not easy)to buy single copies of newspapers before 1830,but this usually meant the reader had to go down to the printer's office to purchase a copy. Street sales were almost unknown. However, within a few years, street sales of newspapers would be commonplace in eastern cities. At first the price of single copies was seldom a penny—
usually two or three cents was charged—and some of the older well-known papers charged five or six cents. But the phrase “penny paper” caught the public's fancy, and soon there would be papers that did indeed sell for only a penny.This new trend of newspapers for “the man on the street” did not begin well. Some of the early ventures(企业)were immediate failures.
Publishers already in business, people who were owners of successful papers, had little desire to change the tradition. It took a few youthful and daring businessmen to get the ball rolling.
28.Which of the following best describes newspapers in America before the 1830s?A.Academic. B.Unattractive.C.Inexpensive. D.Confidential.
28.B　细节题。根据第1段第4、5句可知,当时的报纸并不吸引人。
29.What did street sales mean to newspapers?A.They would be priced higher.B.They would disappear from cities.C.They could have more readers.D.They could regain public trust.
29.C　推断题。根据第2、3段可知,“便士报”的出现,使得普通大众也可以买得起报纸,而街头销售的出现方便了广大读者,使得报纸有了更多的受众。
30.Who were the newspapers of the new trend targeted at?A.Local politicians.B.Common people.C.Young publishers.D.Rich businessmen.
30.B　推断题。根据第3段尤其是最后一句可知,新趋势下,报纸的目标受众是普通大众。
31.What can we say about the birth of the penny paper?A.It was a difficult process.B.It was a temporary success.C.It was a robbery of the poor.D.It was a disaster for printers.
31.A　推断题。通读全文,尤其第3、4段内容可知,“便士报”的诞生并不容易。
考生需要不断加强对阅读理解各种文体的训练力度,特别是要注重对记叙文中相关题型的解题方法的归纳和总结,最大限度地提高阅读理解的得分率。
1.细节理解题　记叙文有自己鲜明的文体特点,这些特点构成了记叙文写作的基本要素,比如时间,地点,人物,事件的发生、发展、高潮和结局。命题者通常会根据这些要素命题,考查考生对事件发生的时间、地点、原因、方式和结果等细节的认知和理解,所以考生要通过阅读记叙文的训练,弄懂问题、找准根据,从而正确解题。
2.推理判断题　推理判断题主要考查考生对文章的深层意义的理解和推断,考生需要根据语境推测出时空的变化趋势、事件发生的走向及结果、作者对事件的态度和观点等,所以考生需要通过训练掌握该题型的特点和规律,从而正确解题。
3.主旨大意题　在高考中,有关记叙文素材的选择通常会突出“励志性”和“教育性”原则,这样,文章中沿时间、空间线索所叙述的事件总是会在字里行间体现写作的主题思想。在试题的命制中,通常会考查考生对主旨大意的提炼和感悟,所以考生一定要注重培养归纳主旨大意的能力。
4.词义推断题　记叙文中需要猜测的词义通常会和事件的变化和发展以及文章中主人公的心理变化有着密切的联系。为了正确猜测词义,考生需要准确理解上下文的语境,并联系文中的相关信息。
微专题 01 阅读理解四大题型
高考英语阅读理解试题的题型大致可分为:(1)细节理解题;(2)词义推断题;(3)主旨大意题;(4)推理判断题。其中,细节理解题要求考生对阅读材料中的某一具体事实和细节做出正确的理解。此类题型相对简单,考生只需根据题干中的关键词回到原文找到相应的语句即可找到答案。细节理解题在整份试卷中约占2/3。而其他三
种题型相对较难,比如,词义推断题要求考生对文章中出现的生词或短语结合上下文进行合理推测;主旨大意题要求考生从宏观上把握文章的主旨或段落大意;推理判断题则要求考生通过字面意义挖掘作者的写作思路和文章的深层含义。
细节理解题在高考英语阅读理解试题中所占比例最大,但这种题型相对来说比较简单,只要通过题干的关键词,在文中找到题目的信息区间,仔细比对,就能得出答案,因此对于这类题型考生要做到读得快、答得准,力争不丢分,保住基本分。
1.细节理解题正确选项特征 (1)同义替换。有些选项对原文中的关键词进行同义替换,如把lose one's job换成了be out of work;有些选项把原文中的一些词变换一下词性,如把important改成of importance;还有些选项改变原文中句子的语态,如主动语态与被动语态的转换。
(2)语言简化。把原文中复杂的语言现象进行简化,设置为答案。(3)正话反说。把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项。2.细节理解题干扰选项特征 (1)张冠李戴。选项是原文信息,但不是题目要求的内容。(2)无中生有。选项符合常识,但不是文章的内容。
(3)曲解文意。选项与原文的内容极其相似,只是在某个细节处有些变动。(4)颠倒是非。选项在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反。(5)正误参半。选项部分正确,部分错误。
3.两步轻松搞定细节理解题
考点1　直接信息题在解答直接信息题时,考生可以采取“关键词定位法”,即“带着问题找答案”的方法,通过定位找题眼。先从题干中提取关键词(题眼),然后以此为线索,运用略读及寻读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此关键词相关的段落、语句,快速定位该题与哪一段哪一句有关,然后仔细推敲,仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别,在准确理解细节的前提下确定答案。
[2018·全国Ⅲ,D篇节选]I found the pre-holidays a good time to encourage young children to donate less-used things, and it worked. Because of our efforts, our daughter Georgia did decide to donate a large bag of toys to a little girl whose mother was unable to pay for her holiday due to illness. She chose to sell a few larger objects that were
33.What made Georgia agree to sell some of her objects?A.Saving up for her holiday.B.Raising money for a poor girl.C.Adding the money to her fund.D.Giving the money to a sick mother.
less often used when we promised to put the money into her school fund (基金) (our kindergarten daughter is serious about becoming a doctor).
【解题示范】(仅供教师参考)第一步:定位信息区间
第二步:逐一比对定答案
考点2　间接信息题间接信息题相比直接信息题,命题的隐蔽性更强,正确选项一般都会在原文基础上进行改动。此类题目需要考生将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换,有时还需要进一步的加工或整理。
[2018·全国Ⅱ,B篇节选]Of the common berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin C, although, because of their seeds, raspberries contain a little more protein (蛋白质), iron and zinc (not that fruits have much protein). Blueberries are particularly high in antioxidants (抗氧化物质). The yellow and orange stone fruits such as peaches are
high in the carotenoids we turn into vitamin A and which are antioxidants. As for cherries (樱桃), they are so delicious who cares? However, they are rich in vitamin C.
24.What does the author seem to like about cherries?A.They contain protein. B.They are high in vitamin A.C.They have a pleasant taste. D.They are rich in antioxidants.
【解题示范】(仅供教师参考)第一步:定位信息区间
第二步:逐一比对定答案
考点3　概括信息题概括、归纳信息是指命题人用精练的语言来概括原文中比较分散或复杂的信息,这是命题人设计细节理解题的正确选项时经常使用的手段之一。考生首先应依据题干指向,找到文中相应的信息区间,然后尝试用自己的语言去归纳总结文中的信息或事实,然后再看选项,选择与自己所归纳总结的信息最接近的选项。
[2018·全国Ⅰ,C篇节选]At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1,000; Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of
which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number(中位数) of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the world's languages are spoken by fewer people than that.
30.How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present?A.About 6,800.　　　　　B.About 3,400.C.About 2,400. D.About 1,200.
【解题示范】(仅供教师参考)第一步:定位信息区间
第二步:逐一比对定答案
考点4　正误判断题正误判断题是细节理解题中解题过程比较烦琐的题目。说其烦琐,是因为其信息不像其他类型的题目那样集中在文章的某一句或某一段,而是分散在文章的各个角落。对于这类题目,考生要静下心来,看清范围,确定方向,找到每一个选项的对应信息后,谨慎排除,综合选优。
[福建,A篇节选]Food festivals around the worldStilton Cheese RollingMay Day is a traditional day for celebrations, but the 2,000 English villagers of Stilton must be the only people in the world who include cheese rolling in their annual plans. Teams of four, dressed in a
variety of strange and funny clothes, roll a complete cheese along a 50-metre course. On the way, they must not kick or throw their cheese, or go into their competitors' lane (赛道).Competition is fierce and the chief prize is a complete Stilton cheese weighing about four kilos (disappointingly, but understandably the cheeses used in the race are wooden ones). All the competitors are served with beer or port wine, the traditional accompaniment for Stilton cheese.
Fiery Foods Festival—The Hottest Festival on EarthEvery year more than 10,000 people head for the city of Albuquerque, New Mexico. They come from as far away as Australia, the Caribbean and China, but they all share a common addiction—food that is not just spicy (辛辣), but hot enough to make your mouth burn, your head spin and your eyes water. Their destination is the Fiery
Food and BBQ Festival which is held over a period of three days every March. You might like to try a chocolate-covered habanero pepper—officially the hottest pepper in the world—or any one of the thousands of products that are on show. But one thing's for sure—if you don't like the feeling of a burning tongue, this festival isn't for you!
La Tomatina—The World's Biggest Food FightOn the last Wednesday of every August, the Spanish town of Buñol hosts La Tomatina—the world's largest food fight. A week-long celebration leads up to an exciting tomato battle as the highlight of the week's events. The early morning sees the arrival of large trucks with tomatoes—official fight-starters get things going by casting tomatoes at the crowd.
59.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A.The chief prize for the Stilton cheese rolling competition is beer or port wine.B.More than 10,000 Chinese take part in the Fiery Food and BBQ Festival.C.Thousands of spicy foods are on show in the Fiery Food and BBQ Festival.D.An exciting tomato battle takes place at the beginning of La Tomatina.
【解题示范】(仅供教师参考)第一步:定位信息区间
第二步:逐一比对定答案
Passage 1[2019·全国Ⅱ]My Favourite BooksJo Usmar is a writer for Cosmopolitan and co-author of the This Book Will series(系列)of lifestyle books. Here she picks her top reads.
Matilda Roald Dahl I once wrote a paper on the influence of fairy tales on Roald Dahl's writing and it gave me a new appreciation for his strange and delightful worlds. Matilda's battles with her cruel parents and the bossy headmistress,Miss Trunchbull,are equally funny and frightening,but they're also aspirational.
After DarkHaruki Murakami It's about two sisters—Eri,a model who either won't or can't stop sleeping,and Mari, a young student. In trying to connect to her sister, Mari starts changing her life and discovers a world of diverse “night people” who are hiding secrets.
Gone GirlGillian FlynnThere was a bit of me that didn't want to love this when everyone else on the planet did, but the horror story is brilliant. There's tension and anxiety from the beginning as Nick and Amy battle for your trust. It's a real whodunit and the frustration when you realise what's going on is horribly enjoyable.
The StandStephen KingThis is an excellent fantasy novel from one of the best storytellers around.After a serious flu outbreak wipes out 99.4% of the world's population, a battle unfolds between good and evil among those left. Randall Flagg is one of the scariest characters ever.
1.Who does “I” refer to in the passage?A.Stephen King.　　　B.Gillian Flynn.C.Jo Usmar. D.Roald Dahl.
1.C　推断题。根据第1段内容尤其是该段最后一句“Here she picks her top reads.”可知,下文介绍了作家Jo Usmar选出的最好的读物,所以下文中的“I”指的是Jo Usmar。
2.Which of the following tells about Mari and Eri?A.Cosmopolitan. B.Matilda.C.After Dark. D.The Stand.3.What kind of book is Gone Girl?A.A folk tale. B.A biography.C.A love story. D.A horror story.
2.C　细节题。根据After Dark部分中的“It's about two sisters—Eri,a model who either won't or can't stop sleeping,and Mari, a young student.”可知答案。
3.D　细节题。根据Gone Girl部分第1句中的but the horror story is brilliant可知答案。
Passage 2[2020·湖南师大附中模拟]Here are four wonderful hotels and campsites in Europe.Ekies All Senses Resort, Chalkidiki, GreeceThis could be the perfect retreat for stressed parents who need spoiling. For a start, it's in lovely Greece, but there's no need to take a
ferry, as it's on the mainland. With a juice bar beside the heated pool, open-air spa, calm beach, restaurants or meals on demand, and secret bays to explore by boat, it makes for a super-relaxed break.·Doubles from C=88, junior suite (sleeps 4) from C=138 a night, family suite (sleeps 6) from C=272 B & B, open late April—October, i-escape.com.
Casa Vicentina, Algarve, PortugalFor a back-to-nature feel, family-run Casa Vicentina in the Algarve is perfect. Built with ecological materials, it's in a protected park area on a natural lake. Breakfast is a plentiful buffet—and bikes are supplied free of charge so you can go to the beach or cafes and restaurants. Accommodation is in brightly decorated rooms or larger suites complete with small kitchens.
·Rooms from C=75 B & B, wonderfulland.com.Fairy Chimney Inn, Cappadocia, TurkeyOlder kids will love the fairytale landscape of Cappadocia and the excitement of staying in a cave hotel. The Fairy Chimney Inn used to be part of a cave monastery(修道院). Its rooms are beautiful and homely, with traditional decorations and the occasional reminder of the modern
world. All rooms have courtyards overlooking the extraordinary landscape.·Rooms from C=55 B & B, plus 11 per child,fairychimney.com.Casa San Gabriel, Umbria, ItalyCasa San Gabriel is a small hilltop farm where three self-catering cottages share a swimming pool, playground and barbecue. There's
added excitement for young guests in the family of alpacas(羊驼) kept on site. There are several water, wildlife and activity parks nearby, and slightly further afield a Pinocchio theme park.·A week at Il Fienile cottage (sleeps 4-6) costs from C=650, B & B (low season only) from C=95,casasangabriel.com.
1.In the Ekies All Senses Resort, you can enjoy 　　　　. A.a ferry journey B.living in tree housesC.an open-air spa D.dancing in the playground
1.C　细节题。根据Ekies All Senses Resort, Chalkidiki, Greece部分的第1段最后一句可知答案。
2.Which of the following will you choose if you want to enjoy a breakfast buffet?A.Ekies All Senses Resort. B.Casa Vicentina.C.Fairy Chimney Inn. D.Casa San Gabriel.
2.B　细节题。根据Casa Vicentina, Algarve, Portugal 部分的第1段第3句可知答案。
3.If you want to see some wildlife on holiday, which website should you click?A.i-escape.com B.wonderfulland.comC.fairychimney.com D.casasangabriel.com
3.D　细节题。根据Casa San Gabriel, Umbria, Italy部分的第1段最后一句和最后一段可知答案。
词义推断题主要考查考生在短时间内根据上下文快速猜测所指定的某一个生词、短语或者句子含义的能力,而这些词和短语往往都超出考纲范围,但在文章阅读中起到一定的作用。由此看来,对于生词的理解是否准确,直接影响着阅读理解题得分的高低。以下介绍四种行之有效的猜词技巧:
1.利用上下文线索猜测词义(1)重述作者为了使某一难词或术语的含义更清楚,通常会使用、简明的词或短语对其进行解释,这就是重述。重述部分通过逗号与句子的其他部分隔开(有时也使用破折号、冒号、分号或括号)或用信号词引导。常见的信号词有or、namely、that is、 in other words、 that is to say、 to be more exact等。
[天津,C篇节选]In the library, I found my way into the “Children's Room”. I sat down on the floor and pulled a few books off the shelf at random. The cover of a book caught my eye. It presented a picture of a beagle. I had recently had a beagle,the first and only animal companion I ever had as a child.
由同位语the first and only animal companion可以猜出,beagle为一种动物。
(2)定义作者常常通过给某些词汇下定义来帮助读者理解词义,尤其在一些科普类、社科类及与专业内容相关的文章中。下定义时,作者通常使用信号词,如is、are、is / are called、mean、refer to、known as等。
[北京,C篇节选]Transparent animals let light pass through their bodies the same way light passes through a window.
通过本句中的the same way light passes through a window可知,transparent意为“透明的”。
(3)举例作者常常会通过给出具体的例子来帮助读者理解该词的词义。举例常用的信号词有such as、 such...as、for example、for instance、like、including、especially等。
[全国Ⅲ,D篇节选]Readers also tended to share articles that were exciting or funny, or that inspired negative feelings like anger or anxiety, but not articles that left them merely sad.
根据下文的举例like anger or anxiety可知,negative的意思应是“消极的”。
(4)同义词或近义词在同一句、同一段或同一篇文章中,作者为了避免语言的单调、重复,有时会使用意思相同或相近的词。因此,考生只要读懂上下文,知道其中一个词的意思,就能猜出另外一个词的意思。
[湖南,B篇节选]This of course created a new problem: dirt practically buried the first floors of every building in Chicago. Building owners were faced with a choice: either change the first floors of their buildings into basements, and the second stories into main floors, or hoist the entire buildings to meet the new street level. Small wood-frame buildings could be lifted fairly easily.
63.The underlined word “hoist” in Paragraph 4 means “　　　　”. A.change　　　　　　　B.liftC.repair D.decorate
B　根据下文“Small wood-frame buildings could be lifted fairly easily.”可知,hoist与lift同义,故正确答案为B项。
(5)反义词有时作者会用表示对比或转折的信号词连接意思相反的两个词或句子,这时就可根据反义词线索猜测词义。常见表示对比或反义的信号词有 or、unlike、but、yet、however、while、although、nevertheless、instead、rather than、in contrast、on the contrary、on the other hand等。
[福建,E篇节选]If you're tired of wandering around the gym wasting time and becoming bored, you can attend an upbeat group fitness class that'll keep your workout on track.
73.The underlined word “upbeat” in Paragraph 2 probably means “　　　　”. A.cheerful B.average C.serious D.temporary
A　根据语境可知,upbeat应与上文中的tired和bored意义相反,故本题正确选项为A项。
2.根据语法知识猜测词义在英语句子中,同位语或同位语从句、定语从句等都起着解释说明、补充或限定的作用,因此也能提供猜测词义的线索。
[江苏,D篇节选]Some 2,500 years ago Greece discovered freedom. Before that there was no freedom. There were great civilizations, splendid empires, but no freedom anywhere. Egypt and Babylon were both tyrannies, one very powerful man ruling over helpless masses.
65.What does the underlined word “tyrannies” in Paragraph 2 refer to?A.Countries where their people need help.B.Powerful states with higher civilization.C.Splendid empires where people enjoy freedom.D.Governments ruled with absolute power.
D　根据下文中的同位语one very powerful man ruling over helpless masses可知,D项与其意义一致,即“专政;暴君统治”。
3.根据上下文逻辑猜测词义有时某一生词所在句的上下文中没有明显的解释说明性线索,这时可根据上下文的逻辑关系进行推理,以确定该生词的意义。
[全国Ⅲ,C篇节选]There are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions. One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette, but you'll need a warm, sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it, so it's a pipe dream for most apple lovers who fall for it.
30.What does the underlined phrase “a pipe dream” in Paragraph 3 mean?A.A practical idea. B.A vain hope.C.A brilliant plan. D.A selfish desire.
B　根据连接词so可知上下文之间存在着因果关系,所以我们需要从上文中寻找答案。由上文中的“One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette, but you'll need a warm, sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it ...”可知,尽管Orleans Reinette是很好的品种,但是它对生长环境的要求很高,因此大多数苹果爱好者种植它的希望会落空。故正确答案为B项。
4.根据构词法猜测词义英语中的许多词汇,特别是不断出现的新词,大多是通过构词法生成的。因此,掌握主要的构词法有助于猜测词义。
[全国Ⅰ,D篇节选]A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, uneasiness, or worry.
根据构词法知识可知,un-为否定前缀,-ness为名词后缀,easy (舒适)为词根。由此可知uneasiness为“不安;担忧”之意。
Passage 1[2019·全国Ⅲ]For Western designers, China and its rich culture have long been an inspiration for Western creative.“It's no secret that China has always been a source(来源)of inspiration for designers,” says Amanda Hill, chief creative officer at A+E Networks, a global media company and home to some of the
biggest fashion(时尚)shows.Earlier this year, the China Through A Looking Glass exhibition in New York exhibited 140 pieces of China-inspired fashionable clothing alongside Chinese works of art, with the aim of exploring the influence of Chinese aesthetics(美学)on Western fashion and how China has fueled the fashionable imagination for centuries. The exhibition had record
attendance, showing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences.“China is impossible to overlook,” says Hill. “Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion—they are central to its movement.”Of course, only are today's top Western designers being influenced by China—some of the best
designers of contemporary fashion are themselves Chinese. “Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jason Wu are taking on Galliano, Albaz, Marc Jacobs—and beating them hands down in design and sales,” adds Hill. For Hill, it is impossible not to talk about China as the leading player when discussing fashion. “The most famous designers are Chinese, so are the models, and so are the consumers,”she says. “China is no
longer just another market; in many senses it has become the market. If you talk about fashion today, you are talking about China—its influences, its direction, its breathtaking clothes, and how young designers and models are finally acknowledging that in many ways.”
1.What can we learn about the exhibition in New York?A.It promoted the sales of artworks.B.It attracted a large number of visitors.C.It showed ancient Chinese clothes.D.It aimed to introduce Chinese models.
1.B　推断题。根据第3段中的“The exhibition had record attendance, showing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences.”可推断出,这次展览吸引了大量参观者。
2.What does Hill say about Chinese women?A.They are setting the fashion.B.They start many fashion campaigns.C.They admire super models.D.They do business all over the world.
2.A　推断题。根据第4段中的Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion—they are central to its movement可知,Hill认为中国女性不仅仅是时尚的消费者,她们也是时尚运动的核心。
3.What do the underlined words “taking on” in Paragraph 4 mean?A.Learning from.　　　B.Looking down on.C.Working with. D.Competing against.
3.D　词义推断题。根据第4段最后一句中的 beating them hands down in design and sales可知,Vera Wang, Alexander Wang和Jason Wu在设计和销售方面毫不费劲地打败了传统时尚大牌。
4.What can be a suitable title for the passage?A.Young Models Selling Dreams to the World B.A Chinese Art Exhibition Held in New York C.Differences Between Eastern and Western Aesthetics D.Chinese Culture Fueling International Fashion Trends
4.D　主旨题。本文通过Amanda Hill的评论,论述了中国文化、中国艺术和中国设计师在国际时尚中发挥着非常重要的作用。因此D项最能概括文章大意。
Passage 2(题源:BBC)At a time when almost anything can be purchased with just one click, it's become an automatic response to simply replace what breaks. Generations raised in the earlier half of the 20th century will say that this wasn't always so: Household appliances(电器), clothing, electronics
and more used to be bought under the assumption that, with the occasional repairs, they would last a lifetime. Now, some conscientious consumers are taking matters into their own hands and joining the Repair Cafe movement. Founded in Amsterdam in 2009 by sewing expert Martine Postma, the original nonprofit has expanded to more than 1,500 locations worldwide. These
pop-up events, which are run by volunteers, offer lessons in how to fix anything from fixing a button to an unresponsive laptop.“There's juice and treats and you get to meet new people,” says Bennett, a retired civil servant and volunteer fixer at the Repair Cafe Toronto, where she mends jewellery. She brings her own specialized tools but says most items could be repaired by anyone with a pair of
pliers(钳子) and some determination. “Something that is broken took time and resources to make, so if you're throwing it out, you're wasting those resources.”If you can't find a Repair Cafe near you, it's easy to start one. RepairCafe.org offers a starter manual with step-by-step instructions.Changing how we acquire things is necessary, but there's also something to be said for simply not getting them in the first place.
“Most of us have more than what we need,” says Marina. “This can lead to a lot of anxiety.” She suggests we train ourselves to make mindful purchases.Lazarovic, whose delayed purchase went even further, explains that less shopping has freed up more time for family activities, dinner with friends and making art. By doing so, as she puts it, “I got out of that need-to-buy-it craze and in the end I feel good that I've made something.”
1.How would people raised in the 1940s deal with broken home appliances?A.Sell them at a lower price. B.Repair them for extended use.C.Press the button to find the fault.D.Donate them to recycling stations.
1.B　推断题。根据第1段最后一句可推知,20世纪40年代的人会把损坏的家用电器修一下,以便让它们用得更久。
2.What does Bennett say about her work?A.She will set up her own Repair Cafe soon.B.She learned to repair jewels after she retired.C.Helping make repairs means saving resources.D.She likes the good food people bring for her work.
2.C　细节题。根据第3段最后一句可知,她认为维修损坏的东西就是在节约资源。
3.Which of the following best explains “conscientious” underlined in Paragraph 2?A.Responsible. B.Generous.C.Powerful. D.Irreplaceable.
3.A　词义推断题。由画线词所在句子的语境可知,一些人加入到维修团队,家用电器有问题时就自己动手维修,这些人都是为了保护环境和节约资源,因此画线词的含义是“有责任心的”。
4.What good does Lazarovic think less shopping will do to us?A.I'll make us less anxious about used things at home.B.It'll force us to make donations of unwanted things.C.It'll lead us to explore the world more responsibly.D.It'll provide us more time for beneficial events.
4.D　推断题。根据最后一段内容可推知,Lazarovic认为少购物会让我们有更多时间做有益的事情。
推理判断题考查考生根据字面意思,通过语篇逻辑关系,研究细节,推敲作者的态度,理解文章寓意的能力。这类题型在近几年高考阅读理解中所占的比例有上升的趋势。1.推理判断题正确选项特征(1)“立足原文,只推一步”,即根据原文内容,一步即可推得。
(2)选项中一般不可以出现表绝对概念的词,如only、never、all、absolutely等,正确答案的表述一般会用一些相对能够留下一些余地的词,如often、usually、sometimes、some、may、might、can、could、possibly、probably等。
2.推理判断题干扰选项特征(1)曲解文意。推理判断题中有些选项来自文章中的某一句或某几句话,命题者可能会利用里面的词设计出干扰项,使其看似表达了文章的意思,其实是对原文意思的曲解。因此,考生在阅读文章时要从字里行间捕捉线索,这是推理判断的前提和基础。在此基础上,考生再通过分析、判断,做出符合逻辑的推断。
(2)张冠李戴。题干问的是作者的观点,选项中出现的却是其他人的观点;题干问的是其他人的观点,选项中却出现了作者的观点。(3)偷梁换柱。干扰项用了与文章中某一句话相似的句型结构和单词,却在考生易忽视的地方换了几个单词,造成句意的改变。
(4)无中生有。这种类型的干扰项往往是基本的生活常识或普遍认可的观点,但在文章中并无相关的信息支撑点。其次,这种干扰项也有可能与设置的问题毫不相干。(5)鱼目混珠。这种类型的干扰项常出现在词句理解类试题的选项中,即利用某个词或句子的字面含义代替其在特定语境中的具体含义。
(6)扩缩范围。为了准确、严密地表达文章内容,命题者特别注意对文意范围的限定,有时通过加上almost、all、nearly、more than、normally、usually等词语对文意加以限制。“扩缩范围”干扰法就是在选项中通过改变或去掉限制性词语,将信息的范围、程度、感情色彩等改变,从而给考生解题造成干扰的命题方法。
3.解题技巧推理判断是一种创造性的思维活动,但它并非无章可循,关键是要对文章已给的信息进行合理的分析判断,做到“有理有据”。考生应主要注意以下几点:(1)吃透文章的字面意思,从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索,这是推理的前提和基础。
(2)对文章的表面信息进行挖掘加工,由表入里,由浅入深,从具体到抽象,从特殊到一般,通过分析、综合、判断,进行符合逻辑的推理。(3)忠实于原文。以文章提供的事实和线索为依据,立足已知,推断未知。不能主观臆断、凭空想象,更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。(4)把握句与段之间的逻辑关系,了解语篇的结构。
[2018·全国Ⅱ,C篇节选]The most hopeful data shared in the report shows clear evidence of parents serving as examples and important guides for their kids when it comes to reading. Data shows that kids and teens who do read frequently, compared to infrequent readers, have more books in the home, more books purchased for them, parents who
read more often, and parents who set aside time for them to read.As the end of school approaches, and school vacation reading lists loom (逼近) ahead, parents might take this chance to step in and make their own summer reading list and plan a family trip to the library or bookstore.
31.How should parents encourage their children to read more?A.Act as role models for them.B.Ask them to write book reports.C.Set up reading groups for them.D.Talk with their reading class teachers.
A　推断题。根据第1段内容可知,在读书方面父母是孩子的榜样。数据显示,相比不经常读书的孩子,经常读书的孩子家里有更多的书,他们的父母给他们买的书也更多,其父母也经常读书。由此可推知,父母如果想鼓励孩子多读书,自己应该以身作则。
Passage 1[2019·浙江]Zachariah Fike has an unusual hobby. He finds old military(军队的)medals for sale in antique stores and on the Internet.But unlike most collectors, Zac tracks down the medals? rightful owners, and returns them.
His effort to reunite families with lost medals began with a Christmas gift from his mother, a Purple Heart with the name Corrado A.G. Piccoli, found in an antique shop. Zac knows the meaning of a Purple Heart—he earned one himself in a war as a soldier. So when his mother gave him the medal, he knew right away what he had to do.Through the Internet,Zac tracked down Corrado's sister Adeline
Rockko. But when he finally reached her, the woman flooded him with questions: “Who are you?What antique shop?” However, when she hung up, she regretted the way she had handled the call. So she called Zac back and apologized. Soon she drove to meet Zac in Watertown, N.Y. “At that point, I knew she meant business,” Zac says. “To drive eight hours to come to see me.”
The Piccolis grew up the children of Italian immigrants in Watertown. Corrado, a translator for the Army during WWⅡ, was killed in action in Europe.Before hearing from Zac, Adeline hadn't realized the medal was missing. Like many military medals, the one Zac's mother had found was a family treasure.“This medal was very precious to my parents.
Only on special occasions(场合)would they take it out and let us hold it in our hands,” Adeline says.As a child, Adeline couldn't understand why the medal was so significant. “But as I grew older,” Adeline says, “and missed my brother more and more, I realized that was the only thing we had left.” Corrado Piccoli's Purple Heart medal now hangs at the Italian American Civic
Association in Watertown.Zac recently returned another lost medal to a family in Alabama. Since he first reunited Corrado's medal, Zac says his record is now 5 for 5.
1.Where did Zac get a Purple Heart medal for himself?A.In the army.B.From his mother.C.In an antique shop.D.From Adeline Rockko.
1.A　细节题。根据第2段中的“Zac knows the meaning of a Purple Heart—he earned one himself in a war as a soldier.”可知,当Zac还是一名士兵的时候,在一次战争中他获得了一枚Purple Heart勋章。
2.What did Zac realize when Adeline drove to meet him?A.She was very impolite.B.She suspected his honesty.C.She came from a wealthy family.D.She was serious about the medal.
2.D　推断题。根据第3段中的“To drive eight hours to come to see me.”可知,Adeline为了那枚Purple Heart勋章开车八个小时来见Zac。由此可推知,她很重视那枚勋章。
3.What made Adeline treasure the Purple Heart?A.Her parents' advice.B.Her childhood dream.C.Her knowledge of antiques.D.Her memory of her brother.
3.D　推断题。根据第4段中的“Corrado, a translator...was killed in action in Europe.”和倒数第2段第2句Adeline所说的话可知,这枚勋章寄托了Adeline对于去世的哥哥Corrado的回忆和思念,这是他们家留下的唯一关于哥哥的东西了。因此她很珍惜这枚勋章。
Passage 2(题源:《心灵鸡汤》)My mom takes pride in the fact that I could talk in three- and four-word sentences before I was ten months old. Some say it's a gift while others simply think I talk too much.As my thirties came to a close, I found myself reflecting on my life. Whether it was hurting someone's feelings, or having carelessly told a
secret, the incident could have been avoided had I closed my mouth sooner. So I decided to practice the power of quiet.To take this step, I needed to understand how people could sit comfortably in a group and not talk. Why does my husband feel completely content to say nothing in a conversation? He's highly intelligent and has wonderful opinions but he'll sit quietly and just
listen. Even when he's asked a pointed question, he'll answer with few words while still communicating effectively. What a talent!Can you imagine being happy just listening? In surveying those who talk less than I do, I got two answers—they either didn't feel confident enough to speak up, or they just didn't feel the need to participate in the conversation.
The first one didn't work for me. I'm just fine letting people know what I think about them, and hopefully it will make the conversation much more interesting. The second one didn't work either. I do feel the need to participate. I feel it physically like an electrical pulse through my body; sometimes it's so strong that it causes me to behave badly in the form of interrupting or speaking in an unusually loud voice. I had to look further.
An interesting thing happened on this journey to the power of quiet. During my weekly yoga class, it came to me like an answer so clear that the words rang in my head like soft, heavenly bells.I talked too much so people would know I cared about them. It was my way of taking care of those who I love. Those around me would know I loved them, and cared what they thought and felt, but I was going to practice the power of quiet.
1.Why does the author mention her husband in Paragraph 3?A.To show how one communicates effectively.B.To explain the reason for his silence in a conversation.C.To give her high opinion of his communication skills.D.To give an example of those who have the power of quiet.
1.D　推断题。根据第3段中的“Why does my husband feel completely content to say nothing in a conversation? He's highly intelligent and has wonderful opinions but he'll sit quietly and just listen.”可知,作者提到她丈夫是为了举一个拥有安静的力量的人的例子。
2.By “I had to look further”, what does the author mean?A.She had to survey people in other areas who talk little.B.She had to find out other reasons why she should talk less.C.She had to try harder to prevent herself from talking too much.D.She had to look into the future in order to succeed in practicing the power of quiet.
2.B　推断题。根据第4、5段内容可知,她通过调查得出两个答案,但这两个答案对她都无效,没有帮助。所以她必须进一步找出她应该少说话的原因。
3.Which of the following best describes the author's character?A.Kind but pessimistic.B.Loving and active.C.Selfless but proud.D.Stubborn and sensitive.
3.B　推断题。根据最后一段中的“I talked too much so people would know I cared about them. It was my way of taking care of those who I love.”可知,作者对她所关心的人会讲很多话,这是她关心他人的方式。由此可推知,作者是一个活跃而又充满爱的人。
主旨大意题是高考阅读理解中常考的题型之一,主要考查考生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力。通常以概括中心大意、概括段落大意、选择标题以及判断作者写作意图等形式出现。主旨大意题是阅读理解题中的高难度题,能够拉开考生的分数差
距,所以将此类题设为高考试题具有很好的选拔作用。研究近几年课标地区的高考阅读理解题可以发现,主旨大意题几乎年年都有,而且在大部分地区的阅读理解题中会有1~3道考查此类题。
一、主旨大意题正确选项特征 1.涵盖性强,覆盖全文或全段。2.确定的范围恰当,既不太大,也不太小。3.精确性强,不会改变语言表意的程度及色彩。
二、主旨大意题干扰选项特征1.过于笼统,不知所云。所给选项内容概括的范围过大,超出文章所述内容。2.以偏概全,主次不分。所给选项只阐述了文章的一部分内容,或以文章中的细节信息或个别词作为选项的设置内容,或以次要的事实或细节充当全文的主要观点。
3.移花接木,偷换概念。所给选项被命题者有意识地把本属于A的内容放在B上,若不留神,极易选错答案。4.无中生有,生搬硬套。所给选项的关键词虽然在文章中谈到了,但经过仔细阅读分析之后,发现选项的内容与文章的内容毫无联系。
三、主旨大意题解题思路1.标题归纳题标题具有醒目性、概括性和针对性的特点。醒目是为了吸引读者的注意力,唤起读者阅读文章的兴趣;概括性,就是指标题要覆盖文章的主要内容,体现文章的主题;针对性是标题要直接指向文章的主要特点。标题归纳题与中心大意题具有共同之处,当文章主
旨是一个短语或一句简洁的话时,我们可把它看作标题;但是文章主旨往往是作者写作目的或写作内容的归纳,一般不作为文章标题。解答标题归纳题需掌握以下三种方法:①正面肯定法:在理解文章主旨的基础上,揣摩哪个选项能准确概括主旨;
②反面否定法:撇开原文,拿各个备选项去设想用它们写出来的“文章”将是什么内容,然后和原文对照,一一排除不符选项;③研读备选项本身:研读备选项里面的中心词、修饰词的变化、结构、概括性等。
[全国Ⅰ,D篇]The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups. Silences may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, uneasiness, or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every
gap (间隙) with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person's needs.Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what may be implied (暗示) is that the
person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing. In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection.Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the
topic under discussion. However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority.Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their
patients may be experiencing. Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient's silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing (治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.
35.What may be the best title for the passage?A.Sound and SilenceB.What It Means to Be SilentC.Silence to Native AmericansD.Speech Is Silver; Silence Is Gold
B　标题归纳题。通读全文可知,文章主要讲述了沉默在不同的文化和领域具有不同的含义。A项过于笼统,不知所云,而且文章并未谈及sound,选项超出了文章所述范围;C项以偏概全,主次不分,虽然文章第2段提到了美国本土人对沉默的观点,但这并非文章的中心内容;D项无中生有,生搬硬套,文章虽主要论述了silence的含义,但并未涉及此内容;B项涵盖性强,覆盖全文,此标题全面、精炼地概括了文章内容。
2.段落大意题段落的中心思想常用主题句表达。所谓主题句就是概括说明某一段落中心思想的句子。阅读的主要目的就是读懂文章段落的中心大意,辨别文章段落的中心思想自然就成了一个很重要的阅读技巧,这一技巧同样在提高阅读能力和阅读速度中起着关键性的作用。解题方法如下:
①概括段落大意。要准确概括某段的大意,就要知道该段的逻辑结构。如该段是按“总—分”顺序组织,即首句做总的说明,其他句子对其进行具体论述,这种结构的主题句就在段首;如果按“分—总”顺序组织,主题句就在段尾;如果按“分—总—分”顺序组织,则主题句就在这段话的中间;如果对比各事物,那么它们的共同点或不同点就是该段大意。
②揣摩段落大意。有时候作者不会直接写出主题句,而是通过各种方法暗示给读者,这就需要充分发挥读者的想象力与判断力,揣摩段落大意。
[浙江,C篇节选]Viewing childhood development as a scientific investigation throws light on how children learn, but it also offers an inspiring look at science and scientists. Why do young children and scientists seem to be so much alike? Psychologists have suggested that science as an effort—the desire to explore, explain, and understand our world—is simply something that comes from our babyhood. Perhaps
evolution (进化) provided human babies with curiosity and a natural drive to explain their worlds, and adult scientists simply make use of the same drive that served them as children. The same cognitive (认知的) systems that make young children feel good about figuring something out may have been adopted by adult scientists. As some psychologists put it, “It is not that children are little scientists but that scientists are big children.”
53.What is the main idea of the last paragraph?A.The world may be more clearly explained through children's play.B.Studying babies' play may lead to a better understanding of science.C.Children may have greater ability to figure out things than scientists.D.One's drive for scientific research may become stronger as he grows.
B　段落大意题。本段谈到要从科学研究的角度看待儿童的发展,我们追求科学的态度其实源于我们的儿童时代。由此可推断,该段的主旨是“研究婴儿的游戏或许有助于更好地理解科学”。A项过于笼统,不知所云,本段虽提到了儿童的游戏,但并未谈及此内容,该选项概括的内容范围过大;C、D项无中生有,生搬硬套;B项涵盖性强,覆盖全段,是对本段内容的总结和概括。
3.中心大意题文章的中心大意往往由文章体裁所决定。议论文主要是论述作者的某个观点,往往采用“总—分—总”的模式,即第一段提出论点,然后是论据部分,最后一段得出结论(论点的重申),所以主题句常在第一段或最后一段;说明文则是说明一个事物的用途或制作过程,主题句一般在首段;而新闻报道却是报道人物事迹或重大事件等,
主题句常出现在首段首句;记叙文一般没有明显的主题句,需要根据文中叙述的内容和线索来概括文章大意,但是如果文章末段出现说理性的句子,则这个句子很可能为主题句。用浏览法,即快速阅读文首、文尾或每段的首句和尾句,搜索主题线索和主题信息,快速找到主题句。以下是找主题句的四个小窍门:
①含有表示转折的词语(如however、but、in fact、actually等)的句子很可能是主题句。②首段出现疑问句时,对该问题的回答很可能就是文章主旨。③作者有意识地重复的观点,通常是文章的主旨;反复出现的词语,一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。④表示总结的句子(常包含therefore、 thus、 in short、 conclude、 conclusion等)很可能体现文章的主题。
[天津,B篇]Whether in the home or the workplace, social robots are going to become a lot more common in the next few years. Social robots are about to bring technology to the everyday world in a more humanized way, said Cynthia Breazeal, chief scientist at the robot company Jibo.
While household robots today do the normal housework, social robots will be much more like companions than mere tools. For example, these robots will be able to distinguish when someone is happy or sad. This allows them to respond more appropriately to the user.The Jibo robot, arranged to ship later this year, is designed to be a
personalized assistant. You can talk to the robot, ask it questions, and make requests for it to perform different tasks. The robot doesn't just deliver general answers to questions; it responds based on what it learns about each individual in the household. It can do things such as reminding an elderly family member to take medicine or taking family photos.
Social robots are not just finding their way into the home. They have potential applications in everything from education to health care and are already finding their way into some of these spaces. Fellow Robots is one company bringing social robots to the market. The company's “Oshbot” robot is built to assist customers in a store, which can help the customers find items and help guide them to the
product's location in the store. It can also speak different languages and make recommendations for different items based on what the customer is shopping for.The more interaction the robot has with humans, the more it learns. But Oshbot, like other social robots, is not intended to replace workers, but to work alongside other employees. “We have technologies to train social robots to do things not for us, but with us,” said Breazeal.
45.What does the passage mainly present?A.A new design idea of household robots.B.Marketing strategies for social robots.C.Information on household robots.D.An introduction to social robots.
D　中心大意题。本文首段对社交机器人做了总述性介绍,然后分段开始举例说明社交机器人的用途及性能等情况。A项、B项无中生有,生搬硬套,文中并未提及此内容;C项以偏概全,主次不分,文章第2段虽提到了家用机器人,但那是为了与社交机器人对比,文章主要谈论的还是社交机器人;D项较全面地概括了文章大意。
4.写作目的题写作目的与文章主旨不同,但两者密切相关,是文章主旨的一种变体。文章主旨是文章的中心思想,而写作目的是阐述文章为何表达这个中心思想,也就是作者为何写这篇文章。作者的写作目的必须通过归纳中心思想才能得出。
[全国Ⅲ,C篇]If you are a fruit grower—or would like to become one—take advantage of Apple Day to see what's around. It's called Apple Day but in practice it's more like Apple Month. The day itself is on October 21, but since it has caught on, events now spread out over most of October around Britain.
Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see, and often taste, a wide variety of apples. To people who are used to the limited choice of apples such as Golden Delicious and Royal Gala in supermarkets, it can be quite an eye opener to see the range of classical apples still in existence, such as Decio which was grown by the Romans. Although it doesn't taste of
anything special, it's still worth a try, as is the knobbly (多疙瘩的) Cat's Head which is more of a curiosity than anything else.There are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions. One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette, but you'll need a warm, sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it, so it's a pipe dream for most apple lovers who fall for it.
At the events, you can meet expert growers and discuss which ones will best suit your conditions, and because these are family affairs, children are well catered for with apple-themed fun and games.Apple Days are being held at all sorts of places with an interest in fruit, including stately gardens and commercial orchards (果园). If you want to have a real orchard experience, try visiting the National Fruit Collection at Brogdale,near Faversham in Kent.
31.What is the author's purpose in writing the passage?A.To show how to grow apples.B.To introduce an apple festival.C.To help people select apples.D.To promote apple research.
B　写作目的题。通读全文可知,作者的写作目的是介绍英国的苹果节。A、D两项无中生有,生搬硬套;C项移花接木,偷换概念;B项涵盖性强,覆盖全文,明确地表明了作者的写作目的。
Passage 1[2019·天津]I must have always known reading was very important because the first memories I have as a child deal with books. There was not one night that I don't remember mom reading me a storybook by my bedside. I was extremely inspired by the elegant way the words sounded.
I always wanted to know what my mom was reading. Hearing mom say,“I can't believe what's printed in the newspaper this morning,” made me want to grab it out of her hands and read it myself. I wanted to be like my mom and know all of the things she knew. So I carried around a book, and each night, just to be like her, I would pretend to be reading.This is how everyone learned to read. We would start off with
sentences, then paragraphs, and then stories. It seemed an unending journey, but even as a six-year-old girl I realized that knowing how to read could open many doors. When mom said,“The C-A-N-D-Y is hidden on the top shelf,” I knew where the candy was. My progress in reading raised my curiosity, and I wanted to know everything. I often found myself telling my mom to drive more slowly, so that I could read
all of the road signs we passed.Most of my reading through primary, middle and high school was factual reading. I read for knowledge, and to make A's on my tests. Occasionally, I would read a novel that was assigned, but I didn't enjoy this type of reading. I liked facts, things that are concrete. I thought anything abstract left too much room for argument.
Yet, now that I'm growing and the world I once knew as being so simple is becoming more complex, I find myself needing a way to escape. By opening a novel, I can leave behind my burdens and enter into a wonderful and mysterious world where I am now a new character. In these worlds I can become anyone. I don't have to write down what happened or what technique the author was using when he or she wrote this. I just read to relax.
We're taught to read because its necessary for much of human understanding. Reading is a vital part of my life. Reading satisfies my desire to keep learning. And I've found that the possibilities that lie within books are limitless.
1.Why did the author want to grab the newspaper out of mom's hands?A.She wanted mom to read the news to her.B.She couldn't wait to tear the newspaper apart.C.She was anxious to know what had happened.D.She couldn't help but stop mom from reading.
1.C　细节题。根据第2段第1、2句可知,作者想抢走妈妈读的报纸,是因为她很想看看报纸上写的内容。
2.What was the author's view on factual reading?A.It would help her update test-taking skills.B.It would help shape a realistic and serious attitude to life.C.It would allow much room for free thinking.D.It would provide true and objective information.
2.D　推断题。根据第4段内容可知,作者认为事实性阅读能够提供真实客观的信息。
3.The author takes novel reading as a way to　　　　. A.explore a fantasy landB.develop a passion for learningC.get away from a confusing worldD.learn about the adult community
3.C　细节题。根据第5段第2句可知,阅读小说可以让作者避开复杂的现实世界而投入到小说中的世界中去。
4.What could be the best title for the passage?A.The Magic of ReadingB.Growing Up with ReadingC.The Pleasure of ReadingD.Reading Makes a Full Man
4.B　主旨题。通读全文可知,作者以时间顺序回忆了阅读陪伴自己成长的经历。
Passage 2(题源:《科学美国人》)If it were up to me, I'd write this piece next week or even later. Let the dust settle a bit. But I have my father's insistent voice in my head: The story is now, so you write it now. No one wants to read last week's news.My father Michael was a journalist. He started at age 16 on his local paper, the Luton News, and after nine years there, he went on to a six-
decade career that saw him write more than 40 biographies of Hollywood stars and spend a quarter-century presenting a weekly radio show.From him I learned about deadlines and accuracy, and absorbed his rule about professional clothing, one he had been taught by his first boss. Even when he was working at home, my father would follow that rule: shirt and tie, every day.
There were other less obvious lessons. The first is about being manly. Driven and competitive, he wasn't present for the birth of any of his three children, but he was the very model of being loving and faithful. My father never took me to the football or taught me to change a tyre. In a pub, he might manage some drinks, but his main focus would usually be the food menu. He was a model of a different kind of maleness.
But perhaps the biggest lesson I learned from him was about resilience(恢复力). He got deep blows, losing both his wife and firstborn child, my sister Fiona, within two years. And yet, somehow, he got back up again. He taught himself to cook and continued to dress neatly, picking out a bright jacket that ensured he stood out in a room. He would meet editors and write stories with the same hunger he had 65 years
earlier. Younger colleagues keep using the same word about him—appealing.I hope I learned his resilience, the way I learned about being a journalist. People keep telling me that my father was proud of me; and the truth is I was proud of him. Raised in a hard-up corner of wartime England, he went off to see the world—and he never stopped looking forward and upward, staring at the stars.
1.What has made the author write down the passage so soon?A.It was the story he insisted on writing.B.He wanted to write it before he forgot it.C.His father's words motivated him to do so.D.He wanted to settle down after the writing.
1.C　细节题。根据第1段内容可知,作者这么快写下这篇文章是因为他父亲的话激励了他。
2.What was the author's impression of his father?A.He always managed to dress up following the fashion.B.He was competitive at work and remained a loving dad.C.He trained the author to be manly and do the basic things.D.He sometimes had a hard time meeting the work deadline.
2.B　细节题。根据第4段第3句可知答案。
3.What was the best lesson the author learned from his father?A.The ability to get a content career.B.The necessity of keeping good shape.C.The importance of being manly.D.Quick recovery from suffering or blow.
3.D　细节题。根据第5段前三句可知答案。
4.What can be a suitable title for the passage?A.I Learned to Recover Quickly After a SufferingB.Dad Proved Faithful and Loving for the FamilyC.Dad Left a Deep Impression on Me for His WorkD.My Dad Showed How to Be a Journalist and a Man
4.D　主旨题。本文讲述了作者对父亲的回忆,重点讲述父亲在职业生涯方面对作者的影响以及作者对父亲的印象。
解答这类题时,一个常用的方法就是根据题干或选项中的线索词从原文中找到相关的句子。如果该句中出现了but、however、yet、while等表转折的词或in addition、furthermore、besides、moreover、what's more、most of all、most importantly、especially等表递进的词,那么这些词后的内容往往为关键信息,但要与选项进行比较,最终确定答案。该方法运用的前提是在题干中找到定位关键词。该方法多用于解细节理解题。
微专题 02 阅读理解四大解题法
[2017·全国Ⅰ,A篇节选]Visit Pacific Science Center's Store Don't forget to stop by Pacific Science Center's Store while you are here to pick up a wonderful science activity or souvenir to remember your visit.The store is located (位于) upstairs in Building 3 right next to the Laser Dome.
21.Where can you buy a souvenir at Pacific Science Center?A.In Building 1.B.In Building 3.C.At the Laser Dome.D.At the Denny Way entrance.
B　细节题。首先根据题干中的souvenir可将答案锁定在Visit Pacific Science Center's Store这一部分;再根据本段第2句可知,Pacific Science Center的购物点在Laser Dome旁边的3号楼上。
[2016·全国Ⅰ,节选]Rosa Parks(1913-2005)On December 1,1955,in Montgomery,Alabama,Rosa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a white passenger.Her simple act landed Parks in prison.But it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott.It lasted for more than a year,and kicked off the civil-rights movement.“The only tired I was,was tired of giving in,” said Parks.
23.Who made a great contribution to the civil-rights movement in the US?A.Jane Addams.B.Rachel Carson.C.Sandra Day O'Connor.D.Rosa Parks.
D　细节题。首先根据题干中的civil-rights可将答案锁定在Rosa Parks这一部分,再根据本段中的kicked off the civil-rights movement可知,Rosa Parks推动了美国民权运动。
词汇量小是制约考生阅读理解能力的一个重要因素。词义猜测的具体技巧如下:根据定义或上下文语境进行猜测;根据同位关系进行猜测;根据同义关系进行猜测;根据构词法(合成、派生、转化等)进行猜测;根据因果关系进行猜测;根据上下文的指代关系进行猜测;根据常识或背景知识进行猜测。
[2017·全国Ⅰ,D篇节选]To construct a working still,use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep.Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catcher's productivity.Place your cup in the deepest part of the hole.Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs up—and out—the side of the hole.
33.What does the underlined phrase “the water catcher” in Paragraph 2 refer to?A.The tube.　　　　　B.The still.C.The hole. D.The cup.
B　词义推断题。根据本段描述可知,制作一个蒸馏器装置,需要挖一个四英尺宽、三英尺深的洞,要尽量在潮湿的地方挖洞来提高the water catcher的生产力,由此可知,the water catcher应该是指“蒸馏器”。
[2016·全国Ⅰ,节选]I am Peter Hodes,a volunteer stem cell courier.Since March 2012,I've done 89 trips—of those,51 have been abroad.I have 42 hours to carry stem cells(干细胞)in my little box because I've got two ice packs and that's how long they last.In all,from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor(捐献者) to the time they can be implanted in the patient,we've got 72 hours at most.So I am always conscious of time.
29.Which of the following can replace the underlined word “courier” in Paragraph 1?A.provider B.delivery manC.collector D.medical doctor
B　词义推断题。根据本段第2句中的I've done 89 trips及第3句中的carry stem cells可知,作者是运送干细胞的人。
扫读不是简单地走马观花,而是在保证快速、高效的前提下,锁定关键信息:(1)注意特征词,如luckily、unfortunately、as a result、besides等;(2)注意时间点,如yesterday、last year、today、now等;(3)找主线,文章的主线往往是文章的中心思想或者作者对文中所论述的事物所持的观点或态度等。
[2017·全国Ⅰ,B篇节选]The homeowner was very helpful.A wire basket was found.I put some pine branches into the basket to make this nest safe and comfortable.I placed the chick in the nest,and it quickly calmed down.
26.What made the chick calm down?A.A new nest. B.Some food.C.A recording. D.Its parents.
A　细节题。扫读全文,可确定该段中的“I placed the chick in the nest,and it quickly calmed down.”为解题的关键信息。由此可知,作者为猫头鹰幼雏做的新鸟巢让它很快就安静下来。
[2016·四川]A warm drink of milk before bed has long been the best choice for those wanting a good night?s sleep.But now a study has found it really does help people nod off—if it is milked from a cow at night. Researchers have discovered that “night milk” contains more melatonin(褪黑激素),which has been proven to help people feel sleepy and reduce anxiety. The study,by researchers from Seoul,South Korea,involved mice being fed with dried milk powder made from cows milked both during the day and at night.
Those given night milk,which contained 10 times the amount of melatonin,were less active and less anxious than those fed with the milk collected during daytime,according to the study published in The Journal of Medicinal Food. Night milk quickened the start of sleep and caused the mice to sleep longer. While the effect of cows milk harvested at different time has not been tested on humans up to now,taking melatonin drugs has been suggested to those who are struggling to fall asleep at night.
Previous studies have also indicated that milk can be excellent for helping sleep because of the calcium content,which helps people to relax. Milk is also sugar-free and additive-free with nutritionists recommending skimmed milk as the best choice before bed as it is the least fattening.The more fat you take in before bedtime,the greater burden you will put on your body at night.
34.What can be a suitable title for the passage?A.Night Milk and SleepB.Fat,Sugar and HealthC.An Experiment on MiceD.Milk Drinking and Health
A　主旨题。文章主要说明了喝夜间挤的牛奶与睡眠之间的关系。所以A项是文章的最佳标题。
35.How does the author support the theme of the passage?A.By giving examples.B.By stating arguments.C.By explaining statistical data.D.By providing research results.
D　推断题。通读全文可知,作者是通过提供研究成果来支持文章主题的。
按照文章的发展顺序设置题目,是目前最主要的出题方法。这种出题方法最简单,最容易操作,因此为命题者所偏爱。考生则应按照文章的段落顺序依次进行解答,没有必要从头到尾把全文读一遍。按照这一规律,边看题干,边看原文,从而快速解题。
[2017·全国Ⅰ,A篇节选]It's an amazing accomplishment and one we cannot achieve without generous support from individuals,corporations,and other social organizations.Visit pacificsciencecenter.org to find various ways you can support Pacific Science Center.
23.What is the purpose of the last part of the passage?A.To encourage donations.B.To advertise coming events.C.To introduce special exhibits.D.To tell about the Center's history.
A　推断题。根据该部分中的“Visit pacificsciencecenter.org to find various ways you can support Pacific Science Center.”可知,作者呼吁读者支持Pacific Science Center,也就是鼓励人们为之提供捐助。
[2016·四川,节选]Our own experience working together on health,development,and energy the last twenty years has been one of the most rewarding parts of our lives.It has changed who we are and continues to fuel our optimism about how much the lives of the poorest people will improve in the years ahead.
27.What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A.The author believes the lives of the poorest will get better.B.Much more progress will be made in the near future.C.The work on health is the most valuable experience.D.People's efforts have been materially rewarded.
A　推断题。根据本段最后提到的“It has changed who we are and continues to fuel our optimism about how much the lives of the poorest people will improve in the years ahead.”可知,作者相信最穷的人的生活将会变得更好。
对点集训（一）
Passage 1题材:图书　关注度:
(时间:15分钟)
Learning Java by OnlineGathaPrice: $1.5　Words: 93,560　Language: English　Published: May 21, 2018This book has been designed for students as well as teachers to help them out in learning the fundamental concepts of the Java Programming Language. It uses a bottom-up approach in explaining various topics —that is, it explains basic syntax(句法) and gradually moves towards the complex problems.Ice Age by John Gribbin & Mary GribbinPrice: $3.99　Words: 26,790　Language: English　Published: December 15, 2014
John and Mary Gribbin tell the remarkable story of how we came to understand the phenomenon of Ice Ages. How frequently do Ice Ages occur? How do astronomical rhythms(节律) affect the Earth's climate? Have there always been two polar ice caps? What does the future hold?The Pool Bible by Ken Walker Price: $14.95　Words: 77,400　Language: English　Published: March 21, 2013Maintain your own pool—and save pots of money! A plain-language guide to care and maintenance of swimming pools by an
expert in the field. The secrets of water balance and pH are laid bare for the backyard pool-owner! The Pool Bible is full of tips, tricks and advice. Save 10% of the cover price in the first 12 months or YOUR MONEY BACK. (PS: No one has asked for a refund yet.)The Oblivion Stone by Alexandra MoodyPrice: $3.99　Words: 85,430　Language: English　Published: February 12, 2018
A battle between the humans and the Unfaih appears on the horizon, and Sloane and Rhyn must take measures to stop the violence that threatens to destroy everyone they love. Can they find the solution in time? Get your copy of the third book in The Liftsal Guardians series now!
语篇解读▶
文章主要介绍了四本书的相关信息。
1.What's the theme of the book by OnlineGatha?A.Computer science. B.School life.C.Climate change.D.A TV program. 
A　推断题。根据Learning Java by OnlineGatha部分第1句可知,这本书是为学生和教师设计的,旨在帮助他们学习Java编程语言的基本概念。故此书的主题是计算机科学。
2.What does the book The Pool Bible promise its readers?A.Quick delivery. B.A free present.C.The chance of a refund. D.Better after-sales service.
C　细节题。由The Pool Bible by Ken Walker部分中的or YOUR MONEY BACK可知,这本书承诺给读者退款的机会。
3.Which book is published as part of a series?A.Ice Age.B.The Pool Bible.C.Learning Java.D.The Oblivion Stone.
D　推断题。由The Oblivion Stone by Alexandra Moody部分中的“Get your copy of the third book in The Liftsal Guardians series now!”可知,The Oblivion Stone是作为一个系列中的一本出版的。
You'll never get a second chance to make a great first impression. We've all heard that an interviewer, or a stranger at a party, will form an impression of you within the first 60 seconds of meeting you. Or wait, is it 30 seconds? Twenty? Two or three? Forget whatever figure you may have heard. But new research shows that you may need to have your act together in the blink (眨眼) of an eye.
A series of experiments by Princeton psychologists Janine Willis and Alexander Todorov show that all it takes is a tenth of a second to form an impression of a stranger from their face, and that longer exposures don't greatly alter those impressions although they might increase your confidence in your judgments.Like it or not, judgments based on facial appearance play a powerful role in how we treat others, and how we get treated. Psychologists have long known that attractive people get better outcomes in almost all walks of life. People with “mature” faces receive more severe
judicial(司法的)outcomes than “baby-faced” people. And having a face that looks competent (as opposed to trustworthy or likeable) may matter a lot in whether a person gets elected to public office. Willis and Todorov conducted separate experiments to study judgments from facial appearance, each focusing on a different trait: attractiveness, likeability, competence, trustworthiness, and aggressiveness. Participants were shown photographs of unfamiliar faces for 1/10 of a second, half a second, or a full second, and were immediately asked to judge the faces for the trait in question. Response time was measured.
Participants' judgments were compared with ratings of the same photographs given by another group of participants in another study, in which there were no time limits for judging the personality traits of the faces. For all five of the traits studied, judgments made after the briefest exposure were highly correlated (有相互关系的) with judgments made without time limits; and increased exposure time (1/2 or a full second) didn't increase the correlation. Response times also showed that participants made their judgments as quickly after seeing a face for 1/10 of a second as they did if given a longer glimpse.Therefore, you can impress a potential employer with your competence and trustworthiness, or a potential mate with your attractiveness in no time.
语篇解读▶
初次见面时对他人形成第一印象需要多久?科学家们对此进行研究并得出了相关结论。
4.What message does Paragraph 3 try to convey?A.What facial appearance shows about a person.B.Reasons why attractive people are more popular.C.Facial appearance comes before everything else in judgments.D.What treatment one receives from others depends greatly on his looks.
D　主旨题。根据文章第3段第1句以及后面的两个举例可知,本段主要是说一个人受到的待遇在很大程度上取决于他的长相。
5.How did Willis and Todorov carry out their research?A.By making comparisons.B.By analysing others' study data.C.By interviewing complete strangers.D.By observing participants' behaviors.
A　细节题。根据文章第4段中的 conducted separate experiments和第5段中的compared with ratings of the same photographs given by another group of participants可知,Willis 和Todorov是采用分组对比的方式进行研究的。
6.What can be a suitable title for the passage?A.What Do First Impressions Consist of?B.How to Make a Good First Impression?C.How Many Seconds to a First Impression?D.Be Careful: First Impressions Do Matter!  
C　主旨题。通读全文尤其是根据文章第1、2段内容可知,本文主要是回答了“形成第一印象需要多少秒”这一问题。
对点集训（二）
(时间:15分钟)Passage 1题材:拯救印第安语　关注度:
As more Europeans arrived in America 500 years ago, they were in such great need of the land that they and the Native American Indians battled constantly. By the end of the 19th century, most Indian tribes (部落) were moved to reservations. A lot of their children were taken away to boarding schools to learn to speak English. By the end of the 20th century, more than half of
the Native Americans in the US were living in the cities. They gave up speaking their old tribal languages and only used English. As a result, many Native American languages disappeared with their culture.Today some American Indian languages are usually spoken by the older members of the tribes who still live on the reservations. In North America there are 150-170 languages that have at least one speaker. One ancient language spoken by the Northern Paiute tribe has over 100 speakers.
But the good news is that some of these people are keeping their culture and language alive. They are also receiving help from the National Geographic Society’s Enduring Voices project, whose aim is to help languages around the world which are dying out. The team meets these “last speakers”. The experts interview them and they are recorded with video, pictures and so on. They also tell old stories which are written down in English so people can learn more about the cultures.Recording the language and culture is only part of the project. The next stage is to pass on the language to the next generation. The Salish tribe is an excellent
example of how schools can help. The tribe lives on the Flathead Indian Reservation in Montana. Their language is spoken by about 50 people aged over 75. So now, the local people have set up a school. It has 30 students aged two to twelve during the day and there are also courses for adults in the evening.
语篇解读▶
文章主要讲述了社会各界积极拯救正在消逝的美洲印第安人的语言。
1.Why did Europeans fight with the American Indians?A.To live in American cities.B.To occupy more living space.C.To have Indians speak English.D.To make Indian cultures disappear.
B　细节题。由第1段中的they were in such great need of the land that they and the Native American Indians battled constantly可知,斗争的原因是他们对这片土地的需求越来越大,需要占领更多的生存空间。
2.What does the underlined word “They” refer to in Paragraph 3?A.The experts.　　　　　B.The recordings.C.The Indian cultures. D.The “last speakers”. 
D　细节题。上文提到,专家们采访了那些说正在消逝的语言的人们,并用视频、图片等进行了记录。他们还讲了一些以前的故事,这些故事被用英文记录下来了。故此处They指代前面的“last speakers”。
3.What can we know about the Salish tribe?A.It has its own language school.B.It has given up speaking English.C.Its next generation speaks English.D.Its language is only learnt by adults. 
A　细节题。由最后一段倒数第2、3句可知,Salish部落有自己的语言学校。
4.What can be a suitable title for the passage?A.Learning American Indian LanguagesB.Researching on American Indian LanguagesC.Saving American Indian LanguagesD.Finding Lost American Indian Languages
C　主旨题。通读全文尤其是最后一段第1、2句可知,这篇文章主要讲述了社会各界积极拯救正在消逝的美洲印第安人的语言。
Passage 2 题材:公交利用率低　 关注度:
　来源:《经济学人》
Juana, who came to America from Guatemala, used to take the bus to and from cleaning jobs. Walking to the bus stop after a long day at work was exhausting, especially when it rained, as it occasionally does in Los Angeles. Now Juana drives everywhere. She had two aspirations: to learn English and to get a car. She has accomplished both.
Although Los Angeles has organized itself around the car since the Second World War, it has tried harder than many other American cities to change this. However, public-transport users are dwindling(逐渐减少的). In the past five years the number of trips taken in metropolitan Los Angeles has dropped by 19%.
The American Public Transportation Association’s figures show that the number of journeys in the country as a whole has fallen in each of the past three years. In 2016-2017 every kind of mass public transport became less busy. New Yorkers took 2.8% fewer weekday trips on public transport. In 2018 the number of Tube journeys fell by 1.4%. That was despite annual population growth in London of about 1% and a 3.3% rise in employment in the past year. The Paris Metro carried only as many passengers in 2017 as it did in 2012.In Berlin, public transport journeys are growing about half as quickly as employment. Exceptions are that more and more people are taking public transport in Sydney and Tokyo.
Demand for mass public transport has weakened in so many rich-world cities at the same time. Something seems to be driving people off the public transport. But what is it?One explanation, which is convincing in some cities, is that public transport has become worse. London and Paris have suffered terrorist attacks. New York’s subway is creaking (嘎吱作响的)—a consequence of prolonged underinvestment in repairs. Elsewhere, bad weather or road works are said to prevent people from taking buses.
语篇解读▶
本文主要介绍了一些大城市的公共交通利用率下降的情况,并且分析了产生这种现象的一些原因。
5.Los Angeles is a city 　　　　. A.whose government would like citizens to take public transportB.where many immigrants like Juana have achieved their dreamsC.where everyone like Juana prefers to drive private carsD.where more and more people turn to public transport
A　推断题。根据第2段的第1句“Although Los Angeles has organized itself around the car since the Second World War, it has tried harder than many other American cities to change this.”可推知,洛杉矶市政府想改变私家车盛行的情况,也反映出他们希望市民使用公共交通工具出行。
6.In Paragraph 3 the data show us public transport 　　　　. A.has declined in all the mentioned citiesB.has declined in most cities in America from 2016 to 2018C.became busier in each cityD.has attracted more and more users
B　推断题。根据第3段中的“The American Public Transportation Association’s figures show that the number of journeys in the country as a whole has fallen in each of the past three years.”可知,第3段所展示的数据是为了进一步表明2016年到2018年这三年内的公共交通的使用率在下降。
7.What is the main reason for people not taking public transport?A.Public transport is unsafe. B.Taking public transport is a waste of time.C.Public transport disappoints people in many ways.D.Public transport is noisy, making people uncomfortable.
C　推断题。根据最后一段中的“One explanation, which is convincing in some cities, is that public transport has become worse.”可推知,一些城市的公共交通变得比较糟糕。公共交通在许多方面不尽如人意。
8.Why does the author mention Juana in Paragraph 1?A.To tell us she has achieved her dreams. B.To show us she’s a hard-working woman.C.To introduce the topic of the passage. D.To tell us what she does in America.
C　推断题。Juana过去无论刮风下雨都乘坐公交车上下班。后来,她有了自己的车,并且去附近的超市都宁愿开车去。Juana的经历从侧面反映出洛杉矶居民的出行方式,从而很自然地引出了文章的主题。
对点集训（三）
(时间:15分钟) Passage 1题材:5G技术　关注度:
One after another, telecommunications giants(通信巨头) have announced their latest fifth generation (5G) products. They have also claimed that 5G technology would be used on a massive scale by 2020.
来源:《中国日报》
Yet, when reporting about 5G, many domestic
media outlets have described it as a“much faster”technology than 4G without mentioning any of its other advantages. As a result, the common public view about 5G is that they could “download a high-density movie within one second”. Beyond that, most people know nothing about 5G. Actually, 5G technology has many more advantages than 4G apart from speed. According to the criteria of 3GPP,
an international standardization organization, 5G technology can be used for at least three purposes-for connecting everything, reliability of connections, and eliminating (去除) delays. “Connecting everything” is an appropriate slogan for 5G technology, without which the Internet of Things would be impossible. 5G would enable one server to connect to multiple terminals(终端)and thus establish high-speed coordination among them, and help the chips inside the terminals to timely react to meet people's needs. Take for example, autonomous vehicles, which are mature technology products.Self-driving cars
combine a variety of sensors, such as radar, computer vision, and GPS to identify navigation paths and obstacles. 5G technology will link all the elements of a transportation system, such as traffic lights, cameras and, of course, cars to establish perfect coordination so they can avoid obstacles and move on navigation paths, which will help strengthen self-driving technology. Reliability of connections is another essential characteristic of 5G technology, whose use can be extended to other fields where high safety standards are required.For instance, in
certain surgeries, surgeons insert nano-robots (纳米机器人) inside a patient's body and have to maintain constant control over the robots to ensure they perform their functions and do not cause any harm to the patient. This is an area where 5G technology can be of great help, as it can establish reliable and continuous connections between the monitor and the nano-robots.
语篇解读▶
本文主要讲述5G技术除了快速之外的另外三个优点:超大容量性、超高可靠性、超低延迟性。
1.What will the paragraph that follows talk about?A.Network capacity.B.Eliminating delays.C.Building base stations.D.Signals in deserts and oceans.
B　推断题。作者在第2段提出了5G技术除了快速之外的另外三个优点:超大容量性、超高可靠性、超低延迟性,但是文章只讲了前两个,故接下来要讲的就是第三个了。
2.Which can serve as an example of “connecting everything”?A.Improvement of smartphone signals.B.Decrease in telecommunication cost.C.Tests for all members at the same time.D.High speed in playing computer games.
C　推断题。由第3段第2句可知,5G能连接大量用户的所有终端,而所有成员同时参加考试正是需要大容量的。
3.Why can 5G be used in fields with high safety standards?A.It can attract most eyeballs on a massive scale.B.It can provide dependable and constant service.C.It offers massive machine type of communication.D.It employs 4G base stations and occupy less space.
B　细节题。根据全文最后一句中as it can establish reliable and continuous connections可知,5G技术在超高可靠性方面之所以有帮助,是因为它能提供可靠的、持续的连接。
4.What would be the best title for the passage?A.5G technology is more than about high speedB.5G technology will shape the future of connectivityC.The telecom giants work together to better 5G technologyD.The telecom giants each have its 5G technology and products
A　主旨题。通读全文可知,文章主要讲述5G技术除了快速之外的另外三个优点。
　
Quayside, an area of flood-prone(易涝的) land stretching for 12 acres on Toronto’s eastern waterfront, is a crumbling industrial port. Many consider it an eyesore but for Sidewalk Labs, an “urban innovation” of Google’s parent company, Alphabet, it is an ideal location for the world’s “first neighbor-hood built from the Internet up”.
Sidewalk Labs is working in partnership with Waterfront Toronto, an agency representing the government that is responsible for developing the area, on a $50 million project to overhaul(彻底检修) Quayside. It aims to make it a “platform” for testing how emerging technologies might improve urban problems such as pollution, traffic jams and a lack of affordable housing.
There will be robots delivering packages and carrying away rubbish via underground tunnels; a thermal energy grid that does not rely on fossil fuels; modular buildings that can shift from residential to retail use; adaptive traffic lights; and snow-melting sidewalks. Private cars are banned; a fleet of self-driving shuttles and robot axis would wander freely. Google’s Canadian headquarters would relocate there.
Undergirding Quayside would be a “digital layer” with sensors tracking, monitoring and capturing everything from how park benches are used to levels of noise to water use by lavatories. Collecting and analyzing such volumes of data will make Quayside efficient, livable and sustainable. Data would also be fed into a public platform through which residents could, for example, allow maintenance staff into their homes while they are at work.
Similar “smart city” projects, such as Masdar in the United Arab Emirates or Republic of Korea’s Songdo, are not seen as big successes. Many experience delays partly because those overseeing their construction fail to engage locals in the design of communities, says Deland Chan, an expert on smart cities at Stanford University. Dan Doctoroff, the head of Sidewalk Labs, says that most projects flop because they fail to cross what he terms “the urbanist-technologist divide”.
语篇解读▶
本文主要介绍了Sidewalk Labs公司准备将Quayside建成一个智能城市的具体措施。
5.Why does Sidewalk Labs consider Quayside as a perfect place for its project?A.Because it’s very vast.B.Because it’s on Toronto’s eastern waterfront.C.Because Google’s Canadian headquarters are located here.D.Because it has urban problems and needs developing.
D　推断题。通读前两段的内容可知,Sidewalk Labs公司这一项目的主要目的是检测如何利用高科技改善一些城市问题,所以Sidewalk Labs公司选中Quayside这个地方的原因就是它有许多城市问题,需要开发。
6.In Paragraphs 3 and 4 the author intends to show us 　　　　. A.how Sidewalk Labs will solve Quayside’ problemsB.Sidewalk Labs is a high-tech companyC.Quayside will be a high-tech cityD.the imagination about Quayside’s future
A　推断题。通读第3、4段的内容可知,这两段描写的是Sidewalk Labs公司准备如何将Quayside这个地方建成一个智能城市,并附上了一些细节。
7.What is the real significance of improving Quayside’s situation?A.To improve its environment.B.To attract more people to live there.C.To build a smart city, more livable and eco-friendly.D.To reduce traffic jams and offer people more houses.
C　细节题。根据第4段中的“Collecting and analyzing such volumes of data will make Quayside efficient, livable and sustainable.”可知,Sidewalk Labs公司改善Quayside的现状的意义是建造一个高效、宜居及可持续的智能城市。
8.Where can we probably read this passage?A.In a travel guidebook. B.In an environmental management book.C.In an architecture magazine. D.In a science and technology newspaper.
D　推断题。第1段描述了Sidewalk Labs公司选中了Quayside这个地方;第2段解释了该公司选择这个地方的原因;第3、4段介绍了该公司将如何利用高科技来发展这个地方;最后一段点明了要成功建造一个智能城市需要吸取的教训。由此可知,这篇文章与高科技相关,所以本文最有可能出自科技方面的报纸。
对点集训（四）
(时间:15分钟)Passage 1题材:人脸识别　关注度: 来源:每日科学网
Facial recognition technology works even when only half a face is visible (看得见的), researchers from the University of Bradford have found.Using artificial intelligence techniques, the team achieved 100 percent recognition rates for both three-quarter and half faces.
The study is the first to use machine learning to test the recognition rates for different parts of the face.Lead researcher, Professor Hassan Ugail from the University of Bradford said: “The ability humans have to recognize faces is amazing, but research has shown it starts to descend when we can only see parts of a face. Computers can already perform better than humans in recognizing one face from a large number, so we wanted to see if they would be better at partial facial recognition as well.”
The team used a machine learning technique, and they worked with a dataset containing many photos—2800 in total—of 200 students and staff from FEI University in Brazil, with equal numbers of men and women.For the first experiment, the team trained the model using only full facial images (肖像). They then ran an experiment to see how well the computer was able to recognise faces, even when shown only part of them. The computer recognized full faces 100 percent of the time, but the team also had 100% success with three-quarter faces and with the top or right half of the face.
However, the bottom half of the face was only correctly recognized 60 percent of the time and eyes and nose on their own, just 40 percent. They then ran the experiment again, after training the model using partial facial images as well. This time, the scores greatly improved for the bottom half of the face, for eyes and nose on their own and even for faces with no eyes and nose visible, achieving around 90% correct identification. Individual facial parts, such as the nose, cheek, forehead or mouth had low recognition rates in both experiments.
语篇解读▶
人脸识别技术不再需要整张脸了,半张脸就足矣。
1.What does the passage say about the study led by Hassan Ugail?A.It focuses on recognition using facial information.B.It tests people's recognition rates for various facial parts.C.It has achieved unexpected results.D.It has historical meaning.
D　推断题。根据文章第2段第2句可知,该研究是第一个利用机器学习来测试面部不同部位的识别率的。由此可以推断,该研究具有历史意义。
2.The underlined word “descend” in Paragraph 3 can be best replaced by “　　　　”. A.drop B.strengthenC.disappear D.stabilize
A　词义推断题。画线词所在句子句意为“但是研究表明,当我们只能看到一张脸的若干部分时,我们人类的这种识别面孔的能力就开始　　　　”,下一句句意为“计算机在从很多面孔中识别出一张脸这一方面已经比人类表现得更好,所以我们想看看它们是否也更擅长部分面部识别”。由此可以推测,画线词意为“下降”,与drop同义。 
3.What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs?A.Partial facial images aren't good training contents for computers.B.Full facial images are still a must for accurate facial recognition.C.Different facial parts influence the computer's performance.D.Computers needn't be trained to recognise faces.
C　推断题。根据文章最后两段内容可知,电脑识别人脸不同部位的正确率都不相同,由此可推断,不同的面部部位会影响电脑的识别能力,即影响它的表现。
4.What can be a suitable title for the passage?A.The Reliability of Facial Recognition Technology B.Half a Face Is Enough for Recognition TechnologyC.The Fast Development of Facial Recognition TechnologyD.Computers Can Do Better than Humans in Facial Recognition
B　主旨题。通读全文尤其是根据文章第1段可知,本文主要介绍只需要半张脸可见,人脸识别技术就可以发挥其作用。
One thing that British and Chinese cultures share is a love for fine tea. Today, when we think of Western tea culture, we often think of the English and beautiful china tea cups.
Afternoon teaPeople believe that an English lady, Anna, first introduced the idea of afternoon tea. In the 18th and 19th centuries, the English ate only two main meals each day: breakfast and a heavy supper
that would last for several hours in the evening. As a result, people often got very hungry during the long wait between these two meals. To solve this problem, Anna came up with the clever idea of inviting some friends to join her for an afternoon meal between four and five o’clock. This meal included cakes and sandwiches. And tea was served to wash down the food. In order to make this afternoon meal important, fine china cups and plates and silver teapots, knives, forks and spoons were used. Soon, afternoon tea parties became popular social occasions. Today, afternoon tea parties continue to play an important part in the social life in modern Britain.
Will you come for coffee?Coffee also plays an important role in British culture. People often use “Will you come for coffee?” to mean “Would you like to come to my home for a chat?”. Normally, several different drinks such as tea, hot chocolate or a soft drink like orange juice will be served as well as coffee, and you will be asked what you would like. However, you will not normally be offered wine at a “coffee” party.
Coffeehouses and the London Stock ExchangeIn the 17th century London, coffeehouses were busy and noisy places. Businessmen and bankers went to coffeehouses to do their business, as well as to drink coffee. In fact, the London Stock Exchange(伦敦股票交易所) is believed to have started from these coffeehouses.
语篇解读▶
本文主要介绍了茶和咖啡在英国社会生活中的重要作用。
5.Anna introduced the idea of drinking afternoon tea because she　　　　 . A.enjoyed chatting with her friends at homeB.loved fine tea and beautiful china tea cupsC.found people felt hungry during the long wait between the two mealsD.wanted to share nice food with her friends
C　细节题。根据第2段中的“As a result, people often got very hungry during the long wait between these two meals. To solve this problem, Anna came up with the clever idea of inviting some friends to join her for an afternoon meal between four and five o’clock.”可知答案。
6.If someone says to you “Will you come for coffee?”, you 　　　　 . A.will be offered coffee onlyB.will be asked what you would like to drinkC.will be invited to take part in an afternoon tea partyD.will be asked to have a chat with him or her
D　细节题。根据第3段中的“People often use ‘Will you come for coffee?’ to mean ‘Would you like to come to my home for a chat?’.”可知答案。
7.From the last paragraph we can see　　　　. A.a new business was started in coffeehousesB.coffeehouses are still used by businessmen and bankersC.businessmen and bankers went to coffeehouses just for coffeeD.most people wouldn’t like to go to coffeehouses because of the noise
A　推断题。根据最后一段中的“In fact, the London Stock Exchange is believed to have started from these coffeehouses.”可知,伦敦股票交易所被认为是从这些咖啡屋里发展起来的。
8.Which is the best title of the passage?A.British and Chinese CulturesB.English Tea and Coffee CultureC.Coffeehouses and BusinessD.The Beginning of Tea and Coffee
B　主旨题。通读全文可知,本文主要介绍了茶和咖啡在英国社会生活中的重要作用。
对点集训（五）
(时间:15分钟)Passage 1题材:冲浪电影　关注度:
Over the years, Hollywood has made a few surf movies.Big WednesdayIt did a beautiful job in representing true surfers and real surfing. Three friends spend their youth surfing their home break, hanging with friends, going to parties, and otherwise
caring about nothing but friendship. They must ultimately(最终地) deal with fading youth and adult responsibilities. Directed by John Milius, surfers like Gerry Lopez, Ian Cairnes, and Peter Townend light up the screen with classic 60's style. Point Break The film tells the story of a gang of big wave surfers who rob banks to pay for their surf travel expenses. Johnny Utah (Reeves) and his partner (Gary Busey) must infiltrate (渗透) this illegal gang by learning to surf and becoming one of them. However, there is some good surfing and lines like this: “It's not tragic to die doing what you love. If you want the ultimate, you've got to be willing to pay the ultimate price.”
North ShorePacked with beautiful scenery and great male surfing, North Shore is unbelievable, but we should all be grateful it exists. Occy and Rob Paige portray a hard-drinking couple here. If you have ever been to the North Shore, you see that the Halloween parties, and the shave ice aren't all just a bunch of tropical legends, and they are small parts that add to the whole North Shore experience.
Blue CrushIt is a big screen event for sure. Kate Bosworth plays a young surfer with an impressive part-time career who must somehow overcome her fear of the reef (暗礁) while at the same time deal with her love for a football player. Will it all work out? Of course, but both the characters and scenery are beautiful, and there are some great female surf performances.
语篇解读▶
本文介绍了好莱坞四部有关冲浪的电影。
1.Which of the following shows us surfers in the 60's?A.Big Wednesday. B.Point Break.C.North Shore. D.Blue Crush.
A　细节题。根据Big Wednesday部分的最后一句可知,演员们用60年代的经典冲浪风格,使得荧屏为之一亮。
2.What is Reeves supposed to do in the movie?A.Drink hard.B.Handle fading youth.C.Break a case.D.Date a football player.
C　推断题。根据Point Break部分的第2句可知,Reeves所扮演的Johnny Utah要学会冲浪,然后打入这伙黑帮,成为他们的一员,其目的是破案。
3.Who directed one of the four movies?A.Peter Townend. B.Rob Paige.C.Kate Bosworth. D.John Milius.
D　细节题。根据Big Wednesday部分的 Directed by John Milius可知,该电影是由John Milius导演的。
Passage 2题材:海底探测　　关注度:
[2020·银川一中模拟]It is becoming increasingly important for researchers to closely monitor our ocean life. However, observing sea creatures up close is almost impossible since human presence scares them. Now, thanks to the Soft Robotic Fish, also known as SoFi, researchers may be able to keep a close eye on the sea creatures.
Built by MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL), the white remote-controlled robot resembles
the real fish, complete with a tail that waves from side to side. Though not the first autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) created to monitor the ocean, SoFi settles many of the problems that have blocked the usefulness of previous robot fish.Previous AUVs have had to be linked to boats because radio frequency communications don't work well underwater. To overcome the problem, Director of the CSAIL Daniela Rus and her team used sound waves. The technology can travel greater distances allowing divers to pilot SoFi from up to 50 feet away.
Also limiting the usefulness of traditional AUVs is the risk of collision. With the outside made of soft silicone(硅树脂) rubber and flexible plastic that keep its inbuilt electronics dry, SoFi poses no such danger. “Collision avoidance often leads to unnecessary movement, since the robot has to settle for a collision-free path,” says Rus. “ In contrast, a soft robot is not only more likely to survive a collision but also could use it as information to form a more workable movement plan next time around.”
During test dives, SoFi moved alongside the ocean life at depths of 50 feet for up to 40 minutes at a time, taking photos and making videos. The researchers say sometimes the fish would swim alongside the strange-looking robot-fish out of curiosity, while at other times they took no notice of its existence.While SoFi presently only records video, future versions will include sensors. The researchers also hope to make it more autonomous. “We imagine someday it might help us uncover more secrets from the amazing underwater world that we know so little about,” says Rus.
语篇解读▶
文章介绍了软体机械鱼——SoFi的出现,使得研究人员可能能够密切关注海洋生物了。
4.What can we learn about SoFi?A.Its tail is flexible.B.It is the first AUV.C.It is closely controlled.D.Its presence scares sea animals.
A　细节题。根据第2段中的a tail that waves from side to side可知,SoFi的尾巴很灵活。
5.What can be learned from Paragraph 3?A.Sound waves travel faster than radio.B.Radio does not work well underwater.C.Previous AUVs use radio to communicate.D.A boat travels along with SoFi on the water.
B　细节题。根据第3段第1句可知,以前的无人潜水器必须与船只连接,因为无线电频率通讯在水下不能很好地工作。
6.How does SoFi differ from traditional AUVs?A.It is controlled above.B.It can avoid a collision.C.It is set for a collision-free path.D.It can smartly adjust its movement plan.
D　细节题。根据第4段最后一句可知,SoFi与传统AUVs的不同之处在于它可以灵活地调整它的运动计划。
7.Where is the passage possibly taken from?A.A news report. B.A science fiction.C.A social website. D.A short biography.
A　推断题。根据第1段内容可知,由于SoFi的出现,研究人员能更清楚、便捷地观察海洋生物了。由此可知这篇文章最可能出自一个新闻报告。
(时间:15分钟)Passage 1题材:伦敦眼　关注度:
对点集训（六）
You simply haven’t seen the best side of London until you’ve experienced the spectacular scenery from the very top of the London Eye. This fantastic attraction on London’s South Bank has quickly established itself as one of the capital’s iconic(标志性的) sights. Offering you the chance to see London from a unique perspective, it will make you fall in love with the nation’s capital all over again.
As popular as ever, the London Eye is readyto whisk(迅速送走) you up to 135 m above the capital. Offering a unique perspective on London’s landmarks—including Big Ben and Westminster Abbey, St. Paul’s Cathedral and the Tower of London—the London Eye is a must-see and fantastic attraction for people of all ages.
Enjoy a bird’s eye view of central London and see for miles around from the top of the London Eye. The ever-popular London Eye is one of the capital’s essential experiences—find out why it has swathes of(成片的) visitors returning to see its extremely beautiful views time and time again. Once you’ve soaked in the very best sights, you’ll be happy to come to one of our comfortable hotels near the London Eye—whether to refresh and hit the city’s fabulous(极好的) nightlife or seek out a big restaurant and simply relax, our hotel London Break, has much to offer.
Important information:
语篇解读▶
游客在伦敦眼的顶部才能真正领略伦敦的巨大魅力,它给游客提供的特殊视角使其成为伦敦不可多得的旅游景点。
1.The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 1 refers to 　　　　. A.LondonB.the London Eye C.the capital of EnglandD.London’s Southbank
B　推断题。分析语境可知,it指上文提到的伦敦眼。
2.Why does the author mention the Tower of London?A.It is popular with the visitors. B.It is as beautiful as the London Eye.C.There are many destinations like it in London. D.It looks more magnificent seen from the London Eye.
D　推断题。作者在第2段中提到了伦敦塔,根据该段中的Offering a unique perspective on London’s landmarks可以推知,从伦敦眼观看伦敦塔,伦敦塔显得更加美丽。
3.Visitors at Waterloo may get to the London Eye　　　　. A.by subway　　　　　B.by busC.by plane D.by ship
A　细节题。文章最后的表格内介绍了伦敦眼的地址、开放时间、方位和附近的交通,根据其中的“The nearest underground station is Waterloo.”可知,游客可以乘坐地铁前往伦敦眼。
Passage 2题材:旅行建议　关注度:
[2020·湖南雅礼中学月考]Like international travelers anywhere, foreigners visiting the United States from other countries can be confused by some of what they encounter. Fortunately, their fellow travelers have plenty of advice. Here are some specially good travel advice from around the world. From Italy: Tipping is filled with misunderstanding. Q: Is it true that I have to “force” to tip at all? A:It is not mandatory to tip.
However, it is strongly recommended, because in many cases it is the only entry of workers. Generally in a restaurant, in the cab, and in many places where there is a service tip is 15%. Since the bill that will explain you exactly the city tax of 8.875%, is sufficient to double that sum, without bothering to do the calculations. In the hotel you leave two dollars per day per person cleaning. Obviously you do not leave tips in places like McDonalds or Starbucks.From China:Americans love to follow rules, even when no one is looking. “Americans are such strict rule followers. I witnessed this once sitting on the sidelines of a high school dodge ball game.
To me, it was ridiculous, a little violent, and very American. It struck me that my classmates followed the rules of the game so strictly. Even when no one noticed that a person had been hit and he could have kept playing, he voluntarily gave himself up and left the game. I was deeply impressed by how much people honored the rules even when they are not seen.” From Russia: Gifts are not a big deal. And did you know bribery (行贿) was illegal? “Gifts: Americans do not expect them.
On the contrary, an unexpected gift while conducting business can put an American in an awkward position. Such things for Americans suggest exchange of commercial.Business gifts in the US are not acceptable. Moreover, they often cause suspicion. Americans fear that they could be interpreted as a bribe, and in the United States that is strictly punishable by law.”
语篇解读▶
本文为即将去美国旅游的人提供建议。
4.What does the passage mainly tell about?A.Cultural awareness. B.Cultural revolution.C.Cultural differences. D.Cultural construction.
C　主旨题。文章主要说明了美国文化与其他国家文化的不同。
5.Which is closest in meaning to the underlined word “mandatory” in Paragraph 2?A.Required. B.Forbidden.C.Permitted. D.Arranged. D.change greatly
A　词义推断题。这里指“给小费不是强制性的,但是,它是强烈推荐的”。此处mandatory意为“强制性的”,与strongly recommended相对应。
6.According to the passage, what are Americans most likely to do?A.Drinking a lot.B.Tipping everywhere.C.Obeying the game rules.D.Sending a surprising business present.
C　细节题。根据文章第3段内容可知,即使在没有人注视的时候,美国人都喜欢遵循规则。由此可知,美国人最有可能遵守游戏规则。
7.Which word do the international travelers probably use to describe Americans?A.Confident. B.Self-disciplined.C.Selfless. D.Generous.
B　推断题。根据文章第3段前两句并结合对该段的整体理解可推知,美国人自律性很强。
对点集训（七）
(时间:15分钟)Passage 1题材:伦敦塔桥 　关注度:
Tower Bridge is a bascule bridge (吊桥) inLondon, over the River Thames. It is close to the Tower of London, which gives it its name. It’s sometimes mistaken as London Bridge, which is the next bridge upstream.
In the second half of the nineteenth century, increased business development in the East End of London caused a requirement for a new river crossing downstream of London Bridge. A Special Bridge or Subway Committee was formed in 1876 to find a way to settle the river crossing problem. It opened the design of the crossing to public competition. Over 50 designs were received. The consideration of the designs lasted several years, and it wasn’t until 1884 that a design sent by Horace Jones was sanctioned.
Building of the bridge started in 1886 and took 8 years’ hard work of 432 building workers. Over 70,000 tons of concrete (混凝土) were sunk into the river bed to support the bridge. Over 11,000 tons of steel provided the framework (框架) for the towers and walkways. This was then coated in Cornish granite and Portland Stone, both to protect the steelwork and to give the bridge a pleasing appearance. Jones died in 1887, and another engineer took over his work. The bridge was opened in 1894.
The bridge sits almost directly above the Tower Subway, the world’s first underground tube railway, which, until the bridge was opened, was the shortest way to cross the River Thames. A computer system was installed (安装) in 2000 to control the raising and lowering of the bascules. However, this has proved less reliable than expected, resulting in the bridge being stuck in the open or closed positions for a number of times.
语篇解读▶
本文主要介绍了英国著名的伦敦塔桥的相关信息。
1.What does Paragraph 1 say about Tower Bridge?A.It’s named after a famous person.B.It’s another name for London Bridge.C.It’s not far from the Tower of London.D.It’s the only bridge over the River Thames.
C　细节题。根据文章第1段中的It is close to the Tower of London可知,伦敦塔桥距离伦敦塔很近。
2.Which of the following can best replace the underlined word “sanctioned” in Paragraph 2?A.Tried.　　　　　　B.Received.C.Discovered. D.Passed.
D　词义推断题。根据文章第2段内容可知,委员会总共收到了五十多个设计方案,对这些设计方案的考虑持续了好几年,直到1884年Horace Jones送交的设计方案才最终被通过。由此可以推测,画线词意为“通过”。
3.What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about?A.The history of Tower Bridge.B.The building of Tower Bridge.C.The influence of Tower Bridge.D.The importance of Tower Bridge.
B　主旨题。通读文章第3段内容可知,本段主要介绍了建造伦敦塔桥的相关信息。
4.What can be known from the last paragraph?A.Many accidents have happened to Tower Bridge. B.The computer system works better than expected.C.The underground tube railway has a history of less than 20 years. D.The Tower Subway is the shortest way to cross the River Thames.
A　细节题。根据文章最后一段最后一句“However, this has proved less reliable than expected, resulting in the bridge being stuck in the open or closed positions for a number of times.”可知,伦敦塔桥发生过很多次事故。
Closeness and independence are both important in our life. Though all humans need both of them, women tend to focus on the first and men on the second. It is as if their lifeblood ran in different directions. These differences can give women and men different views of the same situation, as they did in the case of the couple I will call Tracy and Brian. When Brian's old high school friend called him at work and
Passage 2 题材: 男女冲突 关注度:
来源:《纽约客》
announced he'd be in town on business the following month, Brian invited him to stay for the weekend. That evening he informed Tracy that they were going to have a houseguest, and that he and his friend would go out together the first night to chat like old times. Tracy was upset. She was going to be away on business the week before, and the Friday night when Brian would be out with his friend would be her first night home. But what upset her most was that Brian had made these plans on his own and informed her of them, rather than discussing them with her before extending the invitation.
Tracy would never make plans, for a weekend or an evening, without first checking with Brian. She can't understand why he doesn't show her the same courtesy(谦恭)and consideration that she shows him. But when she protests, Brian says, “I can't say to my friend, ‘I have to ask my wife for permission’!”To Brian, checking with his wife means seeking permission, which implies that he is not independent, not free to act on his own. To Tracy, checking with her husband makes her feel good
to know and show that she is involved with someone, that her life is bound up with someone else's. Tracy and Brian both felt upset by this incident because it cut to the core of their primary concerns. Tracy was hurt because she sensed a failure of closeness in their relationship:he didn't care about her as much as she cared about him. And he was hurt because he felt she was trying to control him and limit his freedom.
语篇解读▶
男性与女性往往会因为关注的焦点不同而造成冲突。
5.What is the primary purpose of the author by writing this passage?A.To suggest the best way of coping with family conflicts.B.To tell readers how to make close connections with other people.C.To educate readers on how to maintain good family relationships.D.To explain the differences in communication styles between men and women.
D　主旨题。文章以Tracy和Brian这对夫妇的例子来说明男女因关注点不同而造成交流方式上的不同。
6.Why was Tracy upset?A.She didn't know Brian's friend.B.She was too busy to meet Brian's friend.C.Brian didn't care about her and hurt her deeply.D.Brian didn't consult her before inviting his friend home.
D　细节题。根据第2段的最后一句可知,Tracy生气的主要原因是Brian在邀请他朋友之前没和她商量。
7.What would Tracy most probably do if she plans to buy something expensive?A.She would discuss with Brian.B.She would simply decide on her own.C.She would ask her friends for advice.D.She would buy Brian something expensive first.
A　推断题。根据第3段的第1句可知,Tracy做任何决定之前都会与Brian商量。
8.According to the passage, compared with men, women tend to　　　______. A.be more emotionalB.be easier to get hurtC.emphasize more on sharingD.emphasize more on independence
C　推断题。文章的第1段就指出女性更倾向于亲近,男性更倾向于独立。文中也提到Tracy在做计划前都会告知Brian,由此可以推断出女性更愿意与人分享,从而使关系更亲近。
对点集训（八）
(时间:15分钟) Passage 1 题材:麻省理工学院课外活动 　 关注度:
Life at the Institute is more than just classes and homework — community members pride themselves on their curricular(课程) and extracurricular work in the arts, athletics and more. Whether it’s taking part in a living group, playing on one of our NCAA Division Ⅲ sports teams or taking time to learn new dance moves, Institute life has no boundaries.
At MIT, exceptional students apply to athletics,physical education, and recreation with the same passion, drive and work ethic as they do in academics to reach their complete potential. Intensity and commitment to excellence can be found in all participants of the Department of Athletics, Physical Education and Recreation (DAPER).
ArtsArt, engineering, science, and invention are interconnected throughout MIT. Explore the Arts at MIT Portal(门口网站).
Athletics, Physical Education and Recreation
The Institute sponsors the largest NCAA Division Ⅲ athletic program among colleges in the country with 33 university sports. DAPER features more than 30 club teams while it offers an expansive variety of intramural(校内的) competition. Physical education, a general Institute requirement, contains health and wellness concepts in addition to specific skill instruction. Recreational sports include 200-plus programs annually, including fitness training, group exercise and specialty events. Visit DAPER website for more information.
语篇解读▶
本文介绍了麻省理工学院丰富多彩的课外活动和社团。
1.What do we know about the life at MIT?A.The students are proud of only their classes and homework.B.MIT offers students colorful after-school activities and com- munity groups.C.The students have no limits to the curricular and extracur- ricular activities.D.Extracurricular activities in MIT focus on arts and athletics.
B　主旨题。通读全文可知,本文主要介绍了麻省理工学院丰富多彩的课外活动与社团。
2.If you want to know about Arts in MIT, what should you do?A.Visit the DAPER website.B.Pay a visit in person. C.Make a call.D.Log on to the MIT Portal.
D　细节题。根据文中第2段中最后一句可知答案。
3.What do we know about DAPER?A.All students are encouraged to apply to DAPER.B.DAPER is famous for its over 30 club teams and varieties of competition.C.Participants will fulfil their potential and better themselves after joining DAPER.D.Participants will learn health and wellness concepts in the Recreational sports team.
B　细节题。根据文中第4段中的“DAPER features more than 30 club teams while it offers an expansive variety of intramural competition.”可知答案。
Passage 2题材:阳光和心理健康 　关注度:
As the days get shorter and the chilly weather rolls in, we all want to curl up in a blanket and hibernate until spring rolls around. But making time to get outside in the sun, even when it's cold out, could have bigger mental benefits than you might realize.
While the link between sunshine and mental health is nothing new, new research from Brigham Young University (BYU) has shown that the association may be even stronger than previously realized. It finds that sunlight exposure is by far the greatest weather-related factor determining mental health outcomes. In other words: more sunshine, more happiness.For the study, a psychologist, a physicist and a statistician from BYU teamed up to compare daily environmental data from the university's Physics and Astronomy Weather Station with emotional health data archived by day for 16,452 adult therapy patients who were being treated at the BYU Counseling and Psychological Services Center.
Exposure to sunlight is a significant factor in seasonal affective disorder. Research has shown that the brain produces more of the feel-good neurotransmitter serotonin on sunny days than it does on darker days. What's more, lack of sunlight is linked with lower vitamin D levels, which in turn has been related with depression and low energy. If you're getting enough sun, your emotions should remain relatively stable, the researchers found. But as the amount of sunlight in the day is reduced, levels of emotional pain can soar. Other weather variables including temperature, pollution and rain were not found to have an impact on mental health.
“We were surprised that many of the weather and pollution variables we included in the study were not significantly related with clients' scores on the emotional pain measure once we had accounted for suntime,” Dr Mark Beecher, a professor of psychology at the university and the study's lead author, said. “People tend to associate rainy days, pollution, and other meteorological phenomena with sadness or depression, but we did not find that.”
语篇解读▶
研究表明,阳光和心理健康关系密切,越晒太阳就越快乐。
4.What does the author suggest we do in Paragraph 1? A.Realize the benefits of sunshine. B.Avoid hibernating in springtime. C.Curl up in a blanket in cold weather. D.Enjoy sunshine even in cold weather.
D　细节题。根据文章第1段最后一句“But making time to get outside in the sun, even when it's cold out, could have bigger mental benefits than you might realize.”可知,作者建议我们,即使在寒冷的天气也要出去享受阳光。
5.The underlined word “soar” in Paragraph 5 most probably means “　　　　”.  A.rise sharply　　　　B.vary unstablyC.drop slightly D.change greatly
A　词义推断题。根据文章第5段的内容可知,研究发现,如果获得足够的阳光,你的情绪应该会保持相对稳定;但是如果减少了白天的光照量,情绪痛苦水平会增加。结合上下文可以推测出,画线词soar意为“剧增;猛增”。
6.What does the passage say about the research done by BYU? A.It is done on normal adults of various ages. B.It is carried out by Dr Mark Beecher alone. C.It concludes that more sunshine means more happiness. D.It finds that temperature affects mental health.
C　细节题。根据文章第2段中的“It finds that sunlight exposure is by far the greatest weather-related factor determining mental health outcomes. In other words: more sunshine, more happiness.”可知答案。
7.What can be inferred from the passage? A.Lower vitamin D levels are helpful in keeping us energetic. B.The research findings are inconsistent with the popular belief. C.The more sunshine we get, the less excited we are likely to feel. D.The link between sunshine and mental health was unknown before.
B　推断题。根据文章最后一句“People tend to associate rainy days, pollution, and other meteorological phenomena with sadness or depression, but we did not find that”可以推断出,BYU的研究发现与大众的看法不一致。
对点集训（九）
(时间:15分钟)Passage 1题材:廉价药品 　关注度:
An Oklahoma man who was once diagnosed (诊断) with lung cancer and told that he only had three months to live claims he's now cancer-free thanks to a cheap deworming drug meant for dogs.
Joe Tippens was diagnosed with lung cancer in 2016. Despite treatment for the disease, by January of 2017, the cancer had spread to other organs, including his stomach, neck and even his bones. Doctors advised him to go home and say his goodbyes because he only had three months to live. Tippens thought he was going to die, and with nothing left to lose, he was willing to try anything in hopes of a miracle (奇迹), even a dog dewormer (驱虫药) called fenbendazole.
The desperate cancer sufferer came across the strange treatment while reading a post online. The post that caught his eye read “If you have cancer or know someone who does, give me a shout”. Joe had already signed up for an experimental treatment that doctors said wouldn't save him but might help him live a little longer. But he decided that contacting (联系) that poster couldn't hurt, either.
To his surprise, that person was a vet, who told Joe that scientists had accidentally discovered that a dog deworming drug seemed to attack cancer cells in mice. One of the scientists who conducted the research had been diagnosed with brain cancer, but she started taking fenbendazole and within six weeks her cancer was gone. Joe decided to have a try. Tippens continued receiving treatment in hospital, but he also placed an order for fenbendazole. He didn?t tell his doctors about it, though. Three months later, when he had another scan to check the spread of his cancer, he was shocked to learn that there was no sign of the cancer anywhere in his body.
Tippens, who is still cancer-free, says he has at least 40 success stories other than his, all of which involve the use of fenbendazole. There are also studies that suggest the drug essentially starves cancer cells and kills them. Still, many doctors are sceptical about the drug and recommend that patients stick to classical treatments.
1.Why did doctors suggest Joe Tippens go home?A.Because his life would soon come to an end.B.Because he couldn't afford treatment in hospital.C.Because he was unwilling to try the new treatment.D.Because his disease had worsened faster than expected.
A　细节题。根据文章第2段中的“Doctors advised him to go home and say his goodbyes because he only had three months to live.”可知,医生建议他回家的原因是他的生命很快就将走到尽头了。
2.How did Tippens know the strange treatment?A.From another cancer sufferer.B.From one of his doctors.C.From a familiar vet.D.From the Internet.
D　细节题。根据文章第3段中的“The desperate cancer sufferer came across the strange treatment while reading a post online.”可知,Tippens是从互联网上无意中得知这种奇怪的疗法的。
3.Tippens took the dog deworming pills　　　　. A.in secret in his own homeB.without his doctors' knowledgeC.under the guidance of a scientistD.regardless of his doctors'opposition
B　推断题。根据文章倒数第2段中的“Tippens continued receiving treatment in hospital, but he also placed an order for fenbendazole. He didn?t tell his doctors about it, though.”可知,他是在医生们不知情的情况下服用该驱虫药的。
4.What does the last paragraph imply about fenbendazole?A.Its unusual effects have been proved on several patients.B.It is widely used in classical cancer treatment.C.Its cancer-curing functions are uncertain.D.It cures cancer by swallowing cancer cells.
C　推断题。根据文章最后一段中的“Still, many doctors are sceptical about the drug and recommend that patients stick to classical treatments.”可知,很多医生对该药持怀疑态度,因为它的药效还不能确定。
Passage 2题材:菜粉蝶与太阳能　 关注度:
Researchers are looking into new ways to generate efficient photovoltaic energy(光伏能源) and for this they have been inspired by the V-shaped posture of the Cabbage White butterfly(菜粉蝶).
Generating photovoltaic energy is the science behind solar power, where light is turned into electricity. It is a two-set process. Step one is a photoelectric effect, caused by sunlight. The second step is an electrochemical process, which generates an electric current.To improve the collection of sunlight, a research group has been inspired by the resting posture of the Cabbage White butterfly. The species has a natural range across Europe, Asia, and North Africa. To many farmers, the butterflies are regarded as a pest; to others, they are pretty to look at;to one research group, the butterflies are an inspiration.
The butterfly adopts a V-shape in order to heat up its flight muscles before taking off. By creating solar panels in this formation, scientists think that the quantity of power that a solar panel can produce can be increased by around 50 percent.The Cabbage White butterfly is different to many other butterflies in using the V-formation. On cloudy days butterflies need to wait to receive enough sunlight in order to fly. However, by using the V-posture, the Cabbage White butterfly is able to absorb more energy more quickly than other butterflies. In addition, the butterfly can reflect sunlight from its wings, which allows its flight muscles to be warmed to an ideal temperature.
The new research was conducted at the University of Exeter’s Environment and Sustainability Institute(ESI) and the Centre for Ecology and Conservation. Discussing the findings with Laboratory Manager magazine, lead researcher Professor Tapas Mallick stated: “Biomimicry(仿生学) in engineering is not new. However, this research shows pathways to develop low-cost solar power that has not been done before.”
语篇解读▶
菜粉蝶的休息姿势启发科学家研究出了低成本、高效率的太阳能。
5.Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?A.The Future of Solar Power B.The Butterfly Effect TheoryC.Cool Things About the Cabbage White ButterflyD.Butterflies Contribute to Solar Power Revolution
D　主旨题。根据全文内容可知,本文主要讲述了科学家受菜粉蝶的休息姿势的启发,研究出了效能更高的太阳能采集装置。
6.What is the main purpose of Cabbage White butterflies using the V-posture?A.To look prettier.B.To take a good rest.C.To prepare for its flight.D.To protect themselves.
C　细节题。根据第4段第1句“The butterfly adopts a V-shape in order to heat up its flight muscles before taking off.”及第5段中的内容可知,菜粉蝶的休息姿势呈V形主要是为飞行做准备。
7.What is Tapas Mallick’s attitude towards the research?A.Casual.　　　　　B.Positive.C.Skeptical. D.Disapproving.
B　推断题。根据文章末段中的“However, this research shows pathways to develop low-cost solar power that has not been done before.”可知,该教授对这项研究持积极的态度。
8.Where is the passage most probably taken from?A.A lesson plan.B.A book review.C.A science report.D.A personal diary.
C　推断题。本文主要讲述了科学家受菜粉蝶的休息姿势的启发,研究出了新型的太阳能。由此可以推断出,本文最有可能选自科学报道。
对点集训（十）
(时间:15分钟) Passage 1题材:大熊猫 　关注度:
A Very Endangered Species—Less Than 2,000 in the WildAccording to the census(普查) of 2014, there are only 1,864 giant pandas alive in the wild. It is one of the rarest and most endangered species in the world. Thus the giant panda was selected and used as the symbol of the WWF since its formation in 1861.
The Size of a Giant PandaA wild giant panda measures 75 centimeters tall and 1.5 meters long on average. A wild panda generally weighs about 60-73 kilograms, with the largest recorded 110 kilograms. Males are about 1/6 larger than females. Pandas in the zoos are bigger, and can weigh up to 150 kilograms.Giant Pandas’Lifestyle—Low Stress and SolitudeGiant pandas spend most of their time eating, resting, or seeking food. They are alone most of the time. Males and females only meet during the breeding season in spring. Giant pandas prefer shallow slopes and solitary living. They use scent markers to avoid one another.
Where Do Giant Pandas Live?Giant pandas live in large bamboo forests on humid(温暖潮湿的) and relatively high mountain slopes—about 1,200 to 3,100 meters above sea level.Giant pandas were once widespread across central, southern, and eastern China, and China’s neighboring countries of Myanmar and northern Vietnam. However, their habitat has shrunk to a few patches in western central China, due to China’s farming and logging practices.Currently, giant pandas mainly live in the Qin Mountains in Shaanxi Province, and the Min Mountains in Sichuan and Gansu Provinces.
Their Food—99% Bamboo99% of giant pandas’ food is the tender stems, shoots, and leaves of bamboo. Because bamboo is low in nutrition, one giant panda needs to eat about 12 to 38 kilograms of bamboo a day, up to 40% of its own weight. Giant pandas spend as long as 14 hours eating a day.1% of their food consists of other plants, even meat. Wild giant pandas eat grass, wild fruits, insects, even small animals if they can catch them.
语篇解读▶
本文主要向读者介绍了大熊猫的体型、生活习性、栖息地和食物的相关情况。
1.What contributes to the WWF choosing the giant panda as its symbol?A.Its existing situation.B.Its lovely appearance.C.Its special lifestyle. D.Its shrunk habitat.
A　细节题。根据文章第1段可知,WWF选择大熊猫做它的标志是因为大熊猫是世界上最稀有、最濒临灭绝的物种之一,即大熊猫的生存现状。
2.What does the underlined word “solitary” in Paragraph 3 mean?A.Only one of something. B.Not often visited.C.Spending a lot of time alone. D.Doing something alone.
C　词义推断题。根据第3段第2句“They are alone most of the time.”可知,大多数时候,大熊猫都是独自生活的。由此可见,它们喜欢独处、独居。
3.Where can you find wild pandas now?A.In the central, southern, and eastern parts of China.B.In the country of Myanmar and northern Vietnam.C.In the bamboo forests of Qin and Min Mountains.D.In Shaanxi, Guangxi, Sichuan and Gansu Provinces.
C　细节题。根据第6段的内容可知答案。
4.According to the passage, we can know that 　　　　. A.the largest wild female panda can weigh 110 kilogramsB.the situation is mainly caused by human activitiesC.you can often see two or three wild pandas togetherD.pandas will never eat anything else except bamboo
B　推断题。根据倒数第4段可知,大熊猫分布区域变小是由中国的农业耕种和砍伐作业造成的,也就是由人类活动造成的。
Passage 2题材:骨髓捐献 　关注度:
The snow was falling. The schools were over earlier than usual, but much to my surprise my appointment wasn't canceled. And so I went, feeling especially heroic. Snow or no snow, I'd be on time for my scheduled donation at the local blood center.When I got there, I discovered four more “hero-types” were already there, with machines quietly collecting their lifesaving gifts. Seeing them made me believe that while I was proud to be there, I wasn't a hero. And any silly heroic thoughts quickly disappeared as I lay back in my own donor chair and began my donation. I was ready to make a difference in the life of someone I'd never meet.
My wife Karen is a donor, too. She's been on the bone marrow (骨髓) list for fifteen years, ever since she signed up to provide bone marrow to a child. That little girl died before Karen's bone marrow could help her, but Karen was called again recently as it turned out she might be a match for someone else. The caller asked Karen if she'd still be willing to become a bone marrow donor. “Yes,” she said and then immediately began answering questions in preparation for the pages of paperwork to follow. It was a race against time. I wish I could say this race was won, but again it wasn't.
Last week Karen gave blood and next week I'll make my usual donation. I'll clear an afternoon from my schedule and call for an appointment. Whatever blood product they need whole, I'll gladly give. I don't know whose life my donation may affect, but it really doesn't matter. And sadly, while so few among us actually take the time to donate, Karen and I always will.
5.What can be inferred about the author from the first paragraph?A.He is quite fond of taking risks.B.The snow almost ruined his appointment.C.He is a man who always keeps his word.D.He never thinks donating blood is a heroic deed.
C　推断题。根据文章第1段最后一句“Snow or no snow, I'd be on time for my scheduled donation at the local blood center.”可以推断,作者是一个守信的人。
6.What influence did other donors have on the author?A.They helped him find joy in donating.B.They changed his attitude to himself.C.They made him feel it a duty to donate.D.They strengthened his belief not to be a donor.
B　推断题。根据文章第1段可知,作者以前认为献血是很英勇的行为;根据文章第2段中的“Seeing them made me believe that while I was proud to be there, I wasn't a hero.”可知,他不再认为自己是英雄了。由此可以推断,其他的献血者改变了作者的看法。
7.What does the passage say about Karen and her bone marrow donation?A.She has been found a match to nobody.B.She decided to join in it over 20 years ago.C.She fell in trouble when she came to paperwork.D.She has already met with one failure after another.
D　细节题。根据文章第3段最后一句“I wish I could say this race was won, but again it wasn?t.”可知,Karen两次捐献骨髓都以失败告终。
8.Which of the following shows the author's opinion?A.More people should have become donors.B.Receivers should have been introduced to donors.C.The donation itself should have been made easier.D.More blood products should have been developed.
A　推断题。根据文章最后一句“And sadly, while so few among us actually take the time to donate, Karen and I always will.”可知,作者希望有更多的人成为捐献者。