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(通用版)高考英语二轮复习语法专题：动词时态语态(2份打包，解析版+原卷版)
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这是一份(通用版)高考英语二轮复习语法专题：动词时态语态(2份打包，解析版+原卷版)，文件包含通用版高考英语二轮复习语法专题动词时态语态解析版doc、通用版高考英语二轮复习语法专题动词时态语态原卷版doc等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共27页， 欢迎下载使用。
【考纲解读】
课程标准要求中学生掌握常见的十种时态用法。近三年来各地试题考查最多的是一般过去时、过去完成时、过去进行时、现在完成进行时和现在完成时。高考中动词时态命题，每年每份试卷中都有2～3个小题，每小题均设置明确的语境。一般来说，命题人总是把易混淆或相近的时态放在一起，增加考题的难度。而被动语态的考点大都集中在被动语态的时态，近三年来考查最多的时态是现在完成时，其次是一般过去时。
【名师指导】
1. 了解并能正确运用常考的10种时态；
2. 熟练运用现在完成时、现在完成进行时、一般过去时等高考高频时态；
3. 掌握几种易混时态的区别，如现在完成时和一般过去时等。
动词时态的知识网络(以动词d为例)（红字部分为考纲要求时态）
时 态
1．表示习惯性、经常性发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示频度的时间状语连用，如usually，ften，always，smetimes，every day等。
◆On Mnday mrning it usually takes me an hur t drive t wrk. 星期一早晨，通常花费我一小时开车去上班。
2．表示客观事实、真理、格言或者警句等。
◆As we all knw, the earth travels arund the sun.
众所周知，地球围绕太阳转。
3．表示按照时间表、计划安排好的或者规定的行为，只限于g, cme, leave, start, stp, arrive, begin, return, pen, clse等表示动作趋向性或移动意义的词。
◆My dream schl starts at 8：30 am and ends at 3：30 pm. 我理想的学校上午8：30上课，下午3：30放学。
4．在时间、条件等状语从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
◆If yu cme this afternn, we’ll have a meeting.
如果你今天下午过来，我们将开个会。
5．在某些以here，there开头的句子中，用一般现在时表示现在发生的动作或存在的状态。
◆Here cmes the English teacher.
英语老师来了。
[典例] (2015·全国卷Ⅱ语法填空)This cycle ____________(g) day after day：The walls warm up during the day…
1．表示过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示具体的过去时间状语连用，如yesterday, last mnth, just nw, the ther day, three days ag, in 1989等。
◆The ther day I came acrss an ld friend n the tp f Munt Tai. 前几天，我在泰山顶上偶然遇到了一位老朋友。
2．在时间、条件等状语从句中常用一般过去时代替过去将来时。
◆He said he wuld nt attend the meeting any lnger if it rained. 他说如果下雨他不参加会议了。
3．表达“原以为/本来认为/原希望”等意义时，knw, think, expect等动词常用一般过去时。
◆I didn’t expect t meet yu here.
我没料到会在这里碰见你。
4．常见句型
(1)It is time that sb. did sth.“该到……了”。
(2)It is/has been＋一段时间＋since…did sth.“自从做某事已经一段时间了”。
(3)wuld/had rather sb. did sth.“宁愿某人做某事”。
◆It is time that we tk actin t prtect ur envirnment.
该到我们采取措施保护环境的时候了。
◆It is/has been three years since he jined the army.
他参军3年了。
[典例] (2016·全国卷丙语法填空)Cnfucius believed knives wuld remind peple f killings and ____________(be) t vilent fr use at the table.
1．一般将来时表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态，即单纯的将来事实。
◆He will graduate frm Beijing University next year.
明年，他将毕业于北京大学。
2．三类表示一般将来时的特殊结构：
(1)be ging t d sth.表示计划、打算要做某事或者有预兆要发生某事。
◆Lk at the clud. It is ging t rain.
瞧那乌云，天要下雨了。
(2)be t d sth.表示按计划或安排即将要做某事，或者按照职责、义务、规定等要做某事。
◆We are t bey these rules when we g int the library.
当我们去图书馆时，我们要遵守这些规章制度。
(3)be abut t d sth.表示即将要发生某事。该结构通常不与具体的时间状语连用。
◆The train is abut t leave. 火车即将开出。
[典例] (2015·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)If yu are able t cme with us，please let us knw and we ____________(wait) fr yu at the schl gate at 9 in the mrning.
1．表示此刻正在进行的动作或存在的状态，常与时间状语nw，at the mment, at present等连用。
◆He is watching a ftball match n TV at hme nw.
他现在正在家里在电视上看足球赛。
2．一些特定的表示动作趋向性的短暂性动词cme, g, leave, get, start, pen, arrive, begin, return等常用现在进行时表将来。
◆Hw many f yu are cming t the party next week？ 你们中有多少人下周要来参加聚会？
3．现在进行时态与频率副词always, cnstantly连用表达某种感情色彩，如不满、厌恶、赞赏等。
◆Yu are always frgetting the imprtant thing.
你总是把重要的事情忘掉。(表达出不满的情绪)
[典例] (2015·北京高考书面表达)I ____________(write) t tell yu my exciting plan fr the summer hliday.
1．过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作或者存在的状态。[来源:学.科.网]
◆He was playing basketball with his friends n the playgrund at 3：00 p．m. yesterday.
昨天下午3点他正在操场与他的朋友们一起打篮球。
2．表示过去一个动作发生时另外一个动作正在进行。
◆She was watching TV when a burglar brke int her huse. 当盗贼闯入她家时她正在看电视。
3．表示过去按计划、安排将要发生的动作，此用法常见动词有g, begin, leave, arrive, cme, return等。
◆I was cming t visit yu later that day, but I had t phne and cancel. 我本打算那天晚些时候去看你，但是我不得不打电话取消了。
[典例] (2016·北京高考单项填空)Jack ____________(wrk) in the lab when the pwer cut ccurred.
※
表示将来某个时间正在进行的动作，或按预测将来会发生的事情。常用的时间状语有：sn, tmrrw, this evening, by this time, in tw days, tmrrw evening等。
◆This time next week I’ll be lying n the beach, enjying the sunshine.
下星期这个时候，我正躺在海滩，享受着阳光。
[典例] (江苏高考)—Culd I use yur car tmrrw mrning?
—Sure.I____________(write) a reprt at hme.
1．表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常用的时间状语：already, s far, never, just, befre, recently, fr a lng time, in the past/last few years等。
◆Prgress has been s far very gd and we are sure that the wrk will be finished n time. 到目前为止，工作进展顺利，我们确信一定会按时完工。
2．表示过去已经开始，一直持续到现在(也许还会继续进行下去)的动作或状态，常与“since＋时间点”或“fr＋时间段”等表示一段时间的状语连用。
◆—I remember yu were a talented pianist at cllege. Can yu play the pian fr me?
——我记得你在大学时是一位极有才华的钢琴师。你能为我弹钢琴吗？
—Srry, I haven’t played the pian fr years.
——抱歉，我好多年没有弹钢琴了。
3．现在完成时还可以用在时间和条件状语从句中，表示将来某时完成的动作。
◆Please return the bk t me when yu have finished it.
当你读完这本书请归还给我。
eq \a\vs4\al()
(1)注意牢记以下固定句型：
①It is/has been＋时间段＋since…表示“自从……以来已经……”。
◆It is/has been ten years since I graduated frm the university.
我大学毕业已十年了。
②This/It/That is the first/secnd/third…time that…表示“这/那是(某人)第几次做某事”，that从句中要用现在完成时。
◆It is the first time that I have visited the city.
这是我第一次游览这座城市。
③This is＋形容词最高级＋名词＋that…结构，that从句要用现在完成时。
◆This is the best film that I’ve (ever) seen.
这是我看过的最好的电影。
(2)注意避免思维定势：一看到fr＋时间段，就用动词的现在完成时态。一定要看语境强调是“该动作曾经做过多长时间”(一般过去时)，还是“该动作已经做完多长时间”(现在完成时)。
◆Yang Zhenning lived in America fr many years and nw he lives in China.
杨振宁在美国定居多年，现在他生活在中国。
◆Dashan has lived in China fr many years.
大山在中国住了许多年。
[典例] (2015·全国卷Ⅱ语法填空)When a new day breaks, the walls ____________ (give) up their heat and are nw cld enugh…
1．表示到过去某一时间之前动作已经完成即“过去的过去”，常见的时间状语有by…, until…, when…, befre…等。
◆When he was in Beijing, he visited places where he had played as a child.
他在北京的时候游览了他儿时曾玩过的地方。
◆By the time Jack returned hme frm England, his sn had already graduated frm cllege.
杰克从英国回到家时，他的儿子已经大学毕业了。
2．表示意向的动词，如hpe, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppse 等，用过去完成时表示“原本……(事实上未能……)”。
◆We had expected that yu wuld be able t win the match.
我们原来预料你们能够赢比赛。
3．表示一个过去的动作先于另一过去的动作发生，这种情况多见于宾语从句。
◆He remembered that he had left the key at hme.
他记得他把钥匙落家了。
4．过去完成时的常用句型
(1)It was the first/secnd…time that…这是第一/第二……次……
◆It was the third time that the by had been late.
这是那个男孩第三次迟到了。
(2)had hardly…when刚……就……；had n sner…than一……就……。如：
◆I had hardly pened the dr when he hit me.
我刚打开门，他就打了我。
◆He had n sner bught the car than he sld it.
他刚买了这辆车，转眼又卖了。
[典例] (2016·浙江高考单项填空)Silk ____________ (becme) ne f the primary gds traded alng the Silk Rad by abut 100 BC.
※
1．常用来表示开始于过去某个时间、一直持续到现在并且会继续进行下去的动作。
◆(2015·全国卷Ⅰ完形填空)Fr days the kids have been lking fr thers we can help.
几天以来，孩子们一直在找我们能够帮助的其他人。
2．表示到目前为止的一段时间里一直在反复进行的动作。
◆I have been calling him many times this mrning, but there’s n answer.
今天早晨我一直给他打了很多电话，但是没人接。
[典例] (全国卷Ⅰ短文改错)Since then—fr all these years—we had been allwing tmates t self－seed where they please.
（可以不用单独讲解，只结合宾语从句的时态原则讲解即可）
过去将来时表示在过去某个时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。即过去将来时是“立足过去，着眼未来”的一种时态，常用于宾语从句中。
◆The shps wuld sn clse, and all the peple wuld g hme. 这个商店不久将关闭，所有的人将回家。
[典例] (2015·全国卷Ⅰ完形填空)In the stre, I asked each f my kids t pick smething they thught ur “friend” there ____________ (appreciate)．
eq \a\vs4\al(Ⅰ) 单句语法填空
1．(全国卷Ⅱ语法填空)He ____________ (ride) beside the bus and waving his arms. I heard a passenger behind me shuting t the driver…
2．(2015·全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)It was raining lightly when I ____________ (arrive) in Yangshu just befre dawn. But I didn’t care.
3．(2017·泰安检测)Mr White ____________ (teach) in ur schl fr nearly frty years befre he retired last mnth.
4．(2015·北京高考单项填空)In the last few years, China ____________ (make) great achievements in envirnmental prtectin.
5．(2017·山东邹城一中月考)That was the first time I ____________ (be) t Hng Kng s I had great difficulty finding the htel.
eq \a\vs4\al(Ⅱ) 单句改错
1．(2016·全国卷甲短文改错)Sme classmates suggest we g t places f interest nearby. I thught that it is a gd idea.____________________
2．(2017·江西四校联考)I will keep the habit f taking regular exercise, such as running, swimming and varius ball games. During my hlidays, I wuld travel t my dreamlands. __________________
3．(2016·浙江高考短文改错)Then he and my mther wuld have had a drink while she prepared dinner and they wuld talk abut his day and hers.____________________
4．(江苏高考)The manager is said t have arrived back frm Paris where he met sme Eurpean business partners.____________________
5．(2015·全国卷Ⅱ短文改错)A wman saw him crying and telling him t wait utside the shp.____________________
6．(2015·全国卷Ⅱ短文改错)Tny was scared and begun t cry.____________________
语 态
1．不能用被动语态的特殊动词
(1)系动词类(lk, seem, feel, taste, sund, prve, appear等)。
(2)表示主语特征的词(read, wash, write, sell, wear, lck等)，常与nt, hardly, well, easily, badly, nicely等副词连用。
◆This kind f clth washes easily. 这种布料容易洗。
2．get构成的表示被动的短语
此类短语主要有get paid/lst/hurt等。
◆We get paid every week. 我们按周获得薪酬。
3．主动形式表示被动意义
(1)在need, want, require, deserve, bear（※）等动词、wrth等形容词的后面，动名词主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。
◆The huse needs repairing/t be repaired.
这房子需要修理。
(2)在某些“主语(人/物)＋be＋形容词＋不定式”中不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。这些形容词有nice, easy, fit, hard, difficult, imprtant, impssible, pleasant, interesting等。
◆The prblem is difficult t wrk ut.
这道题很难计算出。
[典例] (2016·四川高考语法填空)The giant panda ____________ (lve) by peple thrughut the wrld.
单句语法填空/单句改错
1．(2016·全国卷丙语法填空)Truly elegant chpsticks might ____________ (make) f gld and silver with Chinese characters.
2．(2015·广东高考语法填空)He sld r exchanged sme f the milk in the twns nearby fr ther fd and made cheese and butter fr the family with what____________ (leave)．
3．(2017·石家庄调研)In ur high schl, everything ____________ (recrd) and graded, including yur grades n quizzes, tests and examinatins.
4．(2015·安徽高考单项填空)It is reprted that a space statin ____________ (build) n the mn in years t cme.
5．(2015·全国卷Ⅰ短文改错)Lts f studies have been shwn that glbal warming has already becme a very serius prblem.____________________
【总结】[来源:Z*xx*k.Cm]
【走向高考】
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Cnfucius believed knives wuld remind peple f killings and ________ (be) t vilent fr use at the table.
2．(2016·北京卷)Jack ________ (wrk) in the lab when the pwer cut ccurred.
3．(2016·四川卷)Hwever, it stayed with her and learned abut the ways f the frest. Then, after tw and a half years, the mther ________ (drive) the yung panda away.
4．(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)Yangshu ________ (be) really beautiful. A study f travelers cnducted by the website TripAdvisr names Yangshu as ne f the tp 10 destinatins in the wrld.
5．(2015·广东卷)While making great effrts t run away, she ________ (fall) ver the hill and died.
6．(2015·广东卷)He sld r exchanged sme f the milk in the twns nearby fr ther fd and made cheese and butter fr the family with what ________ (leave)．
7．(2014·全国卷Ⅱ)Then the driver std up and asked，“________ anyne lse a suitcase at the last stp？”
8．(2014·广东卷)We ________ (tell) that ur rms hadn't been reserved fr that week, but fr the week after.
9．(2017·广东佛山二模)In 2006, I ________ (feel) I needed a new challenge s I decided t take a filmmaking curse.
10．(2017·河北邯郸模拟)It's true that ur future ________ (determine) by many things.
11．(2017·辽宁六校联考)When we gt hme, she was fine except that all her bks ________ (thrw) ut f the windw.
12．(2017·湖南衡阳一中月考三)When sme waste chemicals ________ (put) int the sea, it can hurt r kill animals and fish.
13．(2017·浙江杭州五校联考·改编)Accrding t Charles Keeling, the amunt f carbn dixide ________ (increase) sharply and steadily ver the frty years between 1957 and 1997.
14．(2017·山师大附中模拟)They have lit ur dinnertime, the bedrms and nw I ________ (sit) by ne in the kitchen.
15．(2017·湖南长沙雅礼中学月考)On April 15, 1817, Thmas and his friend finally ________ (establish) what is currently knwn as the first schl fr deaf peple.
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入不超过3个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
On September 19, 2017, a deadly earthquake 57．____________(hit) Mexic, killing mre than 300 peple 58．____________ destrying many buildings in the natin’s capital, Mexic City．In the days that fllwed, rescue teams went ut t search 59．____________ peple trapped by the earthquake．Amng the humans digging thrugh the ruins was a furlegged helper 60．____________(name) Frida．
Frida, a rescue dg, was named after Mexican painter Frida Kahl．She is a sniffer dg(嗅探犬) with the Mexican Navy(海军)．She is a 61．____________(value) member f her team, ften getting int spaces that humans can’t reach．Accrding t the Navy, she has a “sixth sense” fr 62．____________(find) humans, and that’s unlike any ther dg they’ve ever trained befre．63．____________ is her jb t sniff ut peple trapped by natural disasters．Frida has fund 52 peple after earthquakes and ther disasters in Mexic, Haiti and Ecuadr, and 12 f 64．____________(they) were fund alive and 65．____________(successful) rescued．
Since the Mexican Navy shared a picture f the rescue dg n the Internet, Frida has been cnsidered a her．Like the rest f rescue 66．____________(wrker), she is a her t the victims(受害者) and their lved nes．
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入不超过3个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
When I was ten years ld I 57．____________(g) t the USA t visit sme family friends．We traveled arund Califrnia—Ls Angeles, San Francisc—and Las Vegas．I nticed smething 58．____________(interest) abut the way everyne spke English．
One mment I remember very clearly was 59．____________ the beginning f the hliday, when my friend asked me if I wuld like t rder “French fries．” I culdn’t imagine 60．____________ French fries were．She was surprised I had never tried them and she rdered sme．When the waiter brught 61．____________(we) sme chips(薯条), my friend tld me they were the French fries．Later that week she asked me 62．____________ (buy) sme “chips” frm the supermarket with her．We came ut with a bag f crisps(炸薯片)!
63．____________(gradual), I realized that althugh the same language may 64．____________(speak) in different cuntries, there are likely t be many differences, nt just in vcabulary but als in 65．____________(spell), grammar and prnunciatin! I think part f the excitement f learning a language is learning abut the differences 66．____________ lie in hw it is spken in different places．
现在时
过去时
将来时
过去将来时
一般时
d / des
did
shall/will d/be ging t
shuld/wuld d
进行时
am/is/are ding
was/were ding
※shall/will be ding
shuld/wuld be ding
完成时
have/has dne
had dne
shall/will have dne
shuld/wuld have dne
完成进行时
※have/has been ding
had been ding
shall/will have been ding
shuld/wuld have been ding
主动语态变被动语态记忆口诀
一般现、过用be dne，be有人称、时、数变。
完成时态have dne，被动将been加中间。
一般将来shall (will) d，被动变d为be dne。
将来进行无被动，shall (will) be ding。
现在完成进行同，have (has) been ding。
现、过进行be ding，被动be加being dne。
情、助、有、是妥安排，一律随新主语变。
否定助后加nt，疑问一助置主前。
主语恰是疑问词，直陈语序主在前。
一般情助加be dne，双宾多将间宾变。
复合宾语宾变主，宾补、主补相应变。
注释： = 1 \* GB3 ①＂be有人称、时、数变＂即be有人称、时态和单、复数的变化。
= 2 \* GB3 ②＂情助＂是指情态动词和助动词must，may，can，shall，will等一律随新主语(多是主动句中的宾语)来变化。
= 3 \* GB3 ③＂疑问一助置主前＂是说有两个助动词的话，应把主语放在第一助动词之后或把第一助动词置于主语之前。
【考纲解读】
课程标准要求中学生掌握常见的十种时态用法。近三年来各地试题考查最多的是一般过去时、过去完成时、过去进行时、现在完成进行时和现在完成时。高考中动词时态命题，每年每份试卷中都有2～3个小题，每小题均设置明确的语境。一般来说，命题人总是把易混淆或相近的时态放在一起，增加考题的难度。而被动语态的考点大都集中在被动语态的时态，近三年来考查最多的时态是现在完成时，其次是一般过去时。
【名师指导】
1. 了解并能正确运用常考的10种时态；
2. 熟练运用现在完成时、现在完成进行时、一般过去时等高考高频时态；
3. 掌握几种易混时态的区别，如现在完成时和一般过去时等。
动词时态的知识网络(以动词d为例)（红字部分为考纲要求时态）
时 态
1．表示习惯性、经常性发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示频度的时间状语连用，如usually，ften，always，smetimes，every day等。
◆On Mnday mrning it usually takes me an hur t drive t wrk. 星期一早晨，通常花费我一小时开车去上班。
2．表示客观事实、真理、格言或者警句等。
◆As we all knw, the earth travels arund the sun.
众所周知，地球围绕太阳转。
3．表示按照时间表、计划安排好的或者规定的行为，只限于g, cme, leave, start, stp, arrive, begin, return, pen, clse等表示动作趋向性或移动意义的词。
◆My dream schl starts at 8：30 am and ends at 3：30 pm. 我理想的学校上午8：30上课，下午3：30放学。
4．在时间、条件等状语从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
◆If yu cme this afternn, we’ll have a meeting.
如果你今天下午过来，我们将开个会。
5．在某些以here，there开头的句子中，用一般现在时表示现在发生的动作或存在的状态。
◆Here cmes the English teacher.
英语老师来了。
[典例] (2015·全国卷Ⅱ语法填空)This cycle ____________(g) day after day：The walls warm up during the day…
1．表示过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示具体的过去时间状语连用，如yesterday, last mnth, just nw, the ther day, three days ag, in 1989等。
◆The ther day I came acrss an ld friend n the tp f Munt Tai. 前几天，我在泰山顶上偶然遇到了一位老朋友。
2．在时间、条件等状语从句中常用一般过去时代替过去将来时。
◆He said he wuld nt attend the meeting any lnger if it rained. 他说如果下雨他不参加会议了。
3．表达“原以为/本来认为/原希望”等意义时，knw, think, expect等动词常用一般过去时。
◆I didn’t expect t meet yu here.
我没料到会在这里碰见你。
4．常见句型
(1)It is time that sb. did sth.“该到……了”。
(2)It is/has been＋一段时间＋since…did sth.“自从做某事已经一段时间了”。
(3)wuld/had rather sb. did sth.“宁愿某人做某事”。
◆It is time that we tk actin t prtect ur envirnment.
该到我们采取措施保护环境的时候了。
◆It is/has been three years since he jined the army.
他参军3年了。
[典例] (2016·全国卷丙语法填空)Cnfucius believed knives wuld remind peple f killings and ____________(be) t vilent fr use at the table.
1．一般将来时表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态，即单纯的将来事实。
◆He will graduate frm Beijing University next year.
明年，他将毕业于北京大学。
2．三类表示一般将来时的特殊结构：
(1)be ging t d sth.表示计划、打算要做某事或者有预兆要发生某事。
◆Lk at the clud. It is ging t rain.
瞧那乌云，天要下雨了。
(2)be t d sth.表示按计划或安排即将要做某事，或者按照职责、义务、规定等要做某事。
◆We are t bey these rules when we g int the library.
当我们去图书馆时，我们要遵守这些规章制度。
(3)be abut t d sth.表示即将要发生某事。该结构通常不与具体的时间状语连用。
◆The train is abut t leave. 火车即将开出。
[典例] (2015·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)If yu are able t cme with us，please let us knw and we ____________(wait) fr yu at the schl gate at 9 in the mrning.
1．表示此刻正在进行的动作或存在的状态，常与时间状语nw，at the mment, at present等连用。
◆He is watching a ftball match n TV at hme nw.
他现在正在家里在电视上看足球赛。
2．一些特定的表示动作趋向性的短暂性动词cme, g, leave, get, start, pen, arrive, begin, return等常用现在进行时表将来。
◆Hw many f yu are cming t the party next week？ 你们中有多少人下周要来参加聚会？
3．现在进行时态与频率副词always, cnstantly连用表达某种感情色彩，如不满、厌恶、赞赏等。
◆Yu are always frgetting the imprtant thing.
你总是把重要的事情忘掉。(表达出不满的情绪)
[典例] (2015·北京高考书面表达)I ____________(write) t tell yu my exciting plan fr the summer hliday.
1．过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作或者存在的状态。[来源:学.科.网]
◆He was playing basketball with his friends n the playgrund at 3：00 p．m. yesterday.
昨天下午3点他正在操场与他的朋友们一起打篮球。
2．表示过去一个动作发生时另外一个动作正在进行。
◆She was watching TV when a burglar brke int her huse. 当盗贼闯入她家时她正在看电视。
3．表示过去按计划、安排将要发生的动作，此用法常见动词有g, begin, leave, arrive, cme, return等。
◆I was cming t visit yu later that day, but I had t phne and cancel. 我本打算那天晚些时候去看你，但是我不得不打电话取消了。
[典例] (2016·北京高考单项填空)Jack ____________(wrk) in the lab when the pwer cut ccurred.
※
表示将来某个时间正在进行的动作，或按预测将来会发生的事情。常用的时间状语有：sn, tmrrw, this evening, by this time, in tw days, tmrrw evening等。
◆This time next week I’ll be lying n the beach, enjying the sunshine.
下星期这个时候，我正躺在海滩，享受着阳光。
[典例] (江苏高考)—Culd I use yur car tmrrw mrning?
—Sure.I____________(write) a reprt at hme.
1．表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常用的时间状语：already, s far, never, just, befre, recently, fr a lng time, in the past/last few years等。
◆Prgress has been s far very gd and we are sure that the wrk will be finished n time. 到目前为止，工作进展顺利，我们确信一定会按时完工。
2．表示过去已经开始，一直持续到现在(也许还会继续进行下去)的动作或状态，常与“since＋时间点”或“fr＋时间段”等表示一段时间的状语连用。
◆—I remember yu were a talented pianist at cllege. Can yu play the pian fr me?
——我记得你在大学时是一位极有才华的钢琴师。你能为我弹钢琴吗？
—Srry, I haven’t played the pian fr years.
——抱歉，我好多年没有弹钢琴了。
3．现在完成时还可以用在时间和条件状语从句中，表示将来某时完成的动作。
◆Please return the bk t me when yu have finished it.
当你读完这本书请归还给我。
eq \a\vs4\al()
(1)注意牢记以下固定句型：
①It is/has been＋时间段＋since…表示“自从……以来已经……”。
◆It is/has been ten years since I graduated frm the university.
我大学毕业已十年了。
②This/It/That is the first/secnd/third…time that…表示“这/那是(某人)第几次做某事”，that从句中要用现在完成时。
◆It is the first time that I have visited the city.
这是我第一次游览这座城市。
③This is＋形容词最高级＋名词＋that…结构，that从句要用现在完成时。
◆This is the best film that I’ve (ever) seen.
这是我看过的最好的电影。
(2)注意避免思维定势：一看到fr＋时间段，就用动词的现在完成时态。一定要看语境强调是“该动作曾经做过多长时间”(一般过去时)，还是“该动作已经做完多长时间”(现在完成时)。
◆Yang Zhenning lived in America fr many years and nw he lives in China.
杨振宁在美国定居多年，现在他生活在中国。
◆Dashan has lived in China fr many years.
大山在中国住了许多年。
[典例] (2015·全国卷Ⅱ语法填空)When a new day breaks, the walls ____________ (give) up their heat and are nw cld enugh…
1．表示到过去某一时间之前动作已经完成即“过去的过去”，常见的时间状语有by…, until…, when…, befre…等。
◆When he was in Beijing, he visited places where he had played as a child.
他在北京的时候游览了他儿时曾玩过的地方。
◆By the time Jack returned hme frm England, his sn had already graduated frm cllege.
杰克从英国回到家时，他的儿子已经大学毕业了。
2．表示意向的动词，如hpe, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppse 等，用过去完成时表示“原本……(事实上未能……)”。
◆We had expected that yu wuld be able t win the match.
我们原来预料你们能够赢比赛。
3．表示一个过去的动作先于另一过去的动作发生，这种情况多见于宾语从句。
◆He remembered that he had left the key at hme.
他记得他把钥匙落家了。
4．过去完成时的常用句型
(1)It was the first/secnd…time that…这是第一/第二……次……
◆It was the third time that the by had been late.
这是那个男孩第三次迟到了。
(2)had hardly…when刚……就……；had n sner…than一……就……。如：
◆I had hardly pened the dr when he hit me.
我刚打开门，他就打了我。
◆He had n sner bught the car than he sld it.
他刚买了这辆车，转眼又卖了。
[典例] (2016·浙江高考单项填空)Silk ____________ (becme) ne f the primary gds traded alng the Silk Rad by abut 100 BC.
※
1．常用来表示开始于过去某个时间、一直持续到现在并且会继续进行下去的动作。
◆(2015·全国卷Ⅰ完形填空)Fr days the kids have been lking fr thers we can help.
几天以来，孩子们一直在找我们能够帮助的其他人。
2．表示到目前为止的一段时间里一直在反复进行的动作。
◆I have been calling him many times this mrning, but there’s n answer.
今天早晨我一直给他打了很多电话，但是没人接。
[典例] (全国卷Ⅰ短文改错)Since then—fr all these years—we had been allwing tmates t self－seed where they please.
（可以不用单独讲解，只结合宾语从句的时态原则讲解即可）
过去将来时表示在过去某个时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。即过去将来时是“立足过去，着眼未来”的一种时态，常用于宾语从句中。
◆The shps wuld sn clse, and all the peple wuld g hme. 这个商店不久将关闭，所有的人将回家。
[典例] (2015·全国卷Ⅰ完形填空)In the stre, I asked each f my kids t pick smething they thught ur “friend” there ____________ (appreciate)．
eq \a\vs4\al(Ⅰ) 单句语法填空
1．(全国卷Ⅱ语法填空)He ____________ (ride) beside the bus and waving his arms. I heard a passenger behind me shuting t the driver…
2．(2015·全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)It was raining lightly when I ____________ (arrive) in Yangshu just befre dawn. But I didn’t care.
3．(2017·泰安检测)Mr White ____________ (teach) in ur schl fr nearly frty years befre he retired last mnth.
4．(2015·北京高考单项填空)In the last few years, China ____________ (make) great achievements in envirnmental prtectin.
5．(2017·山东邹城一中月考)That was the first time I ____________ (be) t Hng Kng s I had great difficulty finding the htel.
eq \a\vs4\al(Ⅱ) 单句改错
1．(2016·全国卷甲短文改错)Sme classmates suggest we g t places f interest nearby. I thught that it is a gd idea.____________________
2．(2017·江西四校联考)I will keep the habit f taking regular exercise, such as running, swimming and varius ball games. During my hlidays, I wuld travel t my dreamlands. __________________
3．(2016·浙江高考短文改错)Then he and my mther wuld have had a drink while she prepared dinner and they wuld talk abut his day and hers.____________________
4．(江苏高考)The manager is said t have arrived back frm Paris where he met sme Eurpean business partners.____________________
5．(2015·全国卷Ⅱ短文改错)A wman saw him crying and telling him t wait utside the shp.____________________
6．(2015·全国卷Ⅱ短文改错)Tny was scared and begun t cry.____________________
语 态
1．不能用被动语态的特殊动词
(1)系动词类(lk, seem, feel, taste, sund, prve, appear等)。
(2)表示主语特征的词(read, wash, write, sell, wear, lck等)，常与nt, hardly, well, easily, badly, nicely等副词连用。
◆This kind f clth washes easily. 这种布料容易洗。
2．get构成的表示被动的短语
此类短语主要有get paid/lst/hurt等。
◆We get paid every week. 我们按周获得薪酬。
3．主动形式表示被动意义
(1)在need, want, require, deserve, bear（※）等动词、wrth等形容词的后面，动名词主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。
◆The huse needs repairing/t be repaired.
这房子需要修理。
(2)在某些“主语(人/物)＋be＋形容词＋不定式”中不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。这些形容词有nice, easy, fit, hard, difficult, imprtant, impssible, pleasant, interesting等。
◆The prblem is difficult t wrk ut.
这道题很难计算出。
[典例] (2016·四川高考语法填空)The giant panda ____________ (lve) by peple thrughut the wrld.
单句语法填空/单句改错
1．(2016·全国卷丙语法填空)Truly elegant chpsticks might ____________ (make) f gld and silver with Chinese characters.
2．(2015·广东高考语法填空)He sld r exchanged sme f the milk in the twns nearby fr ther fd and made cheese and butter fr the family with what____________ (leave)．
3．(2017·石家庄调研)In ur high schl, everything ____________ (recrd) and graded, including yur grades n quizzes, tests and examinatins.
4．(2015·安徽高考单项填空)It is reprted that a space statin ____________ (build) n the mn in years t cme.
5．(2015·全国卷Ⅰ短文改错)Lts f studies have been shwn that glbal warming has already becme a very serius prblem.____________________
【总结】[来源:Z*xx*k.Cm]
【走向高考】
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Cnfucius believed knives wuld remind peple f killings and ________ (be) t vilent fr use at the table.
2．(2016·北京卷)Jack ________ (wrk) in the lab when the pwer cut ccurred.
3．(2016·四川卷)Hwever, it stayed with her and learned abut the ways f the frest. Then, after tw and a half years, the mther ________ (drive) the yung panda away.
4．(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)Yangshu ________ (be) really beautiful. A study f travelers cnducted by the website TripAdvisr names Yangshu as ne f the tp 10 destinatins in the wrld.
5．(2015·广东卷)While making great effrts t run away, she ________ (fall) ver the hill and died.
6．(2015·广东卷)He sld r exchanged sme f the milk in the twns nearby fr ther fd and made cheese and butter fr the family with what ________ (leave)．
7．(2014·全国卷Ⅱ)Then the driver std up and asked，“________ anyne lse a suitcase at the last stp？”
8．(2014·广东卷)We ________ (tell) that ur rms hadn't been reserved fr that week, but fr the week after.
9．(2017·广东佛山二模)In 2006, I ________ (feel) I needed a new challenge s I decided t take a filmmaking curse.
10．(2017·河北邯郸模拟)It's true that ur future ________ (determine) by many things.
11．(2017·辽宁六校联考)When we gt hme, she was fine except that all her bks ________ (thrw) ut f the windw.
12．(2017·湖南衡阳一中月考三)When sme waste chemicals ________ (put) int the sea, it can hurt r kill animals and fish.
13．(2017·浙江杭州五校联考·改编)Accrding t Charles Keeling, the amunt f carbn dixide ________ (increase) sharply and steadily ver the frty years between 1957 and 1997.
14．(2017·山师大附中模拟)They have lit ur dinnertime, the bedrms and nw I ________ (sit) by ne in the kitchen.
15．(2017·湖南长沙雅礼中学月考)On April 15, 1817, Thmas and his friend finally ________ (establish) what is currently knwn as the first schl fr deaf peple.
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入不超过3个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
On September 19, 2017, a deadly earthquake 57．____________(hit) Mexic, killing mre than 300 peple 58．____________ destrying many buildings in the natin’s capital, Mexic City．In the days that fllwed, rescue teams went ut t search 59．____________ peple trapped by the earthquake．Amng the humans digging thrugh the ruins was a furlegged helper 60．____________(name) Frida．
Frida, a rescue dg, was named after Mexican painter Frida Kahl．She is a sniffer dg(嗅探犬) with the Mexican Navy(海军)．She is a 61．____________(value) member f her team, ften getting int spaces that humans can’t reach．Accrding t the Navy, she has a “sixth sense” fr 62．____________(find) humans, and that’s unlike any ther dg they’ve ever trained befre．63．____________ is her jb t sniff ut peple trapped by natural disasters．Frida has fund 52 peple after earthquakes and ther disasters in Mexic, Haiti and Ecuadr, and 12 f 64．____________(they) were fund alive and 65．____________(successful) rescued．
Since the Mexican Navy shared a picture f the rescue dg n the Internet, Frida has been cnsidered a her．Like the rest f rescue 66．____________(wrker), she is a her t the victims(受害者) and their lved nes．
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入不超过3个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
When I was ten years ld I 57．____________(g) t the USA t visit sme family friends．We traveled arund Califrnia—Ls Angeles, San Francisc—and Las Vegas．I nticed smething 58．____________(interest) abut the way everyne spke English．
One mment I remember very clearly was 59．____________ the beginning f the hliday, when my friend asked me if I wuld like t rder “French fries．” I culdn’t imagine 60．____________ French fries were．She was surprised I had never tried them and she rdered sme．When the waiter brught 61．____________(we) sme chips(薯条), my friend tld me they were the French fries．Later that week she asked me 62．____________ (buy) sme “chips” frm the supermarket with her．We came ut with a bag f crisps(炸薯片)!
63．____________(gradual), I realized that althugh the same language may 64．____________(speak) in different cuntries, there are likely t be many differences, nt just in vcabulary but als in 65．____________(spell), grammar and prnunciatin! I think part f the excitement f learning a language is learning abut the differences 66．____________ lie in hw it is spken in different places．
现在时
过去时
将来时
过去将来时
一般时
d / des
did
shall/will d/be ging t
shuld/wuld d
进行时
am/is/are ding
was/were ding
※shall/will be ding
shuld/wuld be ding
完成时
have/has dne
had dne
shall/will have dne
shuld/wuld have dne
完成进行时
※have/has been ding
had been ding
shall/will have been ding
shuld/wuld have been ding
主动语态变被动语态记忆口诀
一般现、过用be dne，be有人称、时、数变。
完成时态have dne，被动将been加中间。
一般将来shall (will) d，被动变d为be dne。
将来进行无被动，shall (will) be ding。
现在完成进行同，have (has) been ding。
现、过进行be ding，被动be加being dne。
情、助、有、是妥安排，一律随新主语变。
否定助后加nt，疑问一助置主前。
主语恰是疑问词，直陈语序主在前。
一般情助加be dne，双宾多将间宾变。
复合宾语宾变主，宾补、主补相应变。
注释： = 1 \* GB3 ①＂be有人称、时、数变＂即be有人称、时态和单、复数的变化。
= 2 \* GB3 ②＂情助＂是指情态动词和助动词must，may，can，shall，will等一律随新主语(多是主动句中的宾语)来变化。
= 3 \* GB3 ③＂疑问一助置主前＂是说有两个助动词的话，应把主语放在第一助动词之后或把第一助动词置于主语之前。
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