(通用版)高考英语二轮复习语法专题3第2讲　代　词 (含答案)

这是一份(通用版)高考英语二轮复习语法专题3第2讲　代　词 (含答案)，共8页。

eq \a\vs4\al(语法填空)
【典题试做】
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)If yu are time pr, yu need run fr nly half the time t get the same benefits as ther sprts, s perhaps we shuld all give it/running a try.
2．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)When the grillas and I frightened each ther, I was just glad t find them(they) alive.
3．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Hwever, the railway quickly prved t be a great success and within six mnths, mre than 25，000 peple were using it every day.
4．(全国卷Ⅰ)On my recent visit, I held a lively three­mnth­ld twin that had been rejected by its(it) mther.
代词在语法填空中的考查点主要为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词等在语境中的运用。不定代词偶尔也会涉及。 eq \a\vs4\al()
eq \a\vs4\al(短文改错)
【典题试做】
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)In the cafe, custmers will enjy yurselves in the histrical envirnment that/which is created fr them. yurselves→themselves
2．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)The first time I went there, they were living in a small huse with dgs, ducks, and anther animals. anther→ther
3．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)They wuld say t us that playing card games wuld help my brain. us→me
4．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I had dne myself hmewrk, but I was shy. myself→my/the
5．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Mr.and Mrs.Zhang all wrk in ur schl. all→bth或删除all
6．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Abut ne mnth after this pht was taken, I entered my secnd year f high picture ften brings back t me many happy memries f yur high schl days. __yur→my
1．代词单复数的错用；
2．人称代词与物主代词的错用；
3．不定代词的错用；
4．代词与其所指代的对象不符。 eq \a\vs4\al()
人称代词、物主代词、反身代词
1.人称代词的主格多作句子主语，有时用作表语；宾格多用在及物动词或介词后作宾语，也可作表语或同位语。在口语中，常用人称代词的宾格作表语。特别注意：人称代词指代的数量前后要一致。
The students must be made t understand hw imprtant each subject is t them.
必须使学生明白每门功课对他们来说多么重要。
2．形容词性物主代词相当于形容词，在句中只能作名词或动名词的前置定语，不能单独使用。名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词＋名词”，可单独作主语、表语和宾语，也可与f连用作后置定语，但不能单独作定语。
(朗文辞典)The main difference between ur brains and thse f mnkeys is that urs are bigger. 我们的大脑和猴子的大脑之间的主要差别在于我们的要大些。
3．含有反身代词的习惯用语：
by neself 单独地；独自地
fr neself 亲自；为自己
devte neself t 致力于
apply neself t 专心致志于
enjy neself 过得愉快
help neself t 随便吃；随便用
make neself at hme 不拘束
seat neself 坐下
behave neself 举止得体
cme t neself 恢复知觉；苏醒过来
adapt/adjust neself t 适应于
abandn neself t 沉迷于；放纵于
express neself 表达自己的思想
lse neself in(＝be lst in) 迷失
say t neself 心里想
talk t neself 自言自语
不定代词
1．不定代词的基本用法
2.不定代词用于习惯搭配中
nthing but 仅仅；只是
anything but 决不
smething f 有几分；略微
r smething 诸如此类的人或物
every ther day 每隔一天
each ther (两者)相互
ne anther (三者或三者以上)相互
(三者或三者以上)一个……
另一个
ther... (两者中)一个……另一个……
一些……另一些……
(四川卷)She’d lived in Lndn and Manchester, but she liked neither and mved t Cambridge. 她曾在伦敦和曼彻斯特生活过，但是两地她都不喜欢，因此她搬到了剑桥。
(湖北卷)Even if the answer seemed a little strange, nbdy but I dubted it. 尽管这个答案好像有点奇怪，但是除了我之外没人怀疑它。
(四川卷)Niki is always full f ideas, but nne is useful t my knwledge. 尼基总是会有很多想法，但是就我所知，没有一个想法是有用的。
(安徽卷)This prject requires clse teamwrk.Nthing will be achieved unless we wrk well tgether. 这个项目需要密切的合作，除非我们通力合作，否则将一事无成。
(陕西卷)T warm himself, the sailr sat in frnt f the fire rubbing ne bare ft against the ther. 为了暖和自己，那个海员坐在火堆前，两只光脚丫互相蹭着。
(福建卷)In sme cuntries, peple eat with chpsticks, while in thers, knives and frks. 在一些国家，人们用筷子吃饭，而在另外一些国家，人们用刀叉吃饭。
■名师点津
部分否定和全部否定
(1)n ne, nne, nbdy, nthing, 以及“n＋名词”表示全部否定；
(2)all, bth, everyne/everybdy/everything以及“every＋名词”与nt 连用时，表示部分否定；
(3)nt与总括性副词，如everywhere, always, altgether 等连用时，也表示部分否定。
While I agree with the mst f what yu said, I dn’t agree with everything.
尽管我同意你的大部分看法，但是并不同意所有的看法。
it的用法
1．指代前面所提到过的事情、事物、想法等，也可指代不清楚或没必要知道性别的说话对象。还指代时间、地点、距离、天气、季节等。
(北京卷)The emplyment rate has cntinued t rise in big cities thanks t the effrts f the lcal gvernments t increase it. 由于当地政府(为增加就业率)所做的努力，大城市的就业率不断上升。
2．用作形式主语或形式宾语，代替不定式、动名词或从句。
(1)it作形式主语的常用句型：
①It＋be＋adj./n.＋(fr/f sb.)＋t d sth.
②It is n gd/use/useless ding sth.
③It’s (well) wrth ding...
④It＋be＋名词词组(a pity/a fact/n wnder/...)＋that从句
⑤It＋不及物动词(词组)(seem/appear/turn ut/ccur t sb./...)＋that从句
⑥It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句
⑦It takes sb.time/mney t d sth.
(天津卷)It is bvius t the students that they shuld get well prepared fr their future. 对学生来说非常清楚的是他们应该为他们的将来做好准备。
(2)it作形式宾语的常用句型：
①主语＋think/believe/suppse/cnsider/feel/make...＋it＋adj./n.＋(fr/f sb.)＋t d sth./that从句
②主语＋think/believe/suppse/cnsider/feel/make/keep...＋it＋useless/wrth/wrthwhile/n use/n gd/a waste f time/mney/energy...＋ding sth.
(山东卷)The tw girls are s alike that strangers find it difficult t tell ne frm the ther. 这两个女孩长得如此像以至于陌生人觉得很难把她们区分开。
■名师点津
it用于like, enjy, hate, lve, appreciate等表示喜欢、憎恶等情感的动词以及depend n/upn, see t等动词短语后，再接when, if, that等引导的从句。
3．含有it的常考短语和句型：
It depends. 视情况而定。
Take it easy. 别着急。
believe it r nt 信不信由你
make it 成功；做到；约定时间
take it fr granted that... 认为……是理所当然的
as smene puts it 像某人所说的那样
When it cmes t... 当涉及/谈到……
we it t 把……归功于某人
keep it in mind that... 把……铭记在心
It’s (high) time that sb. shuld d/did sth.
是某人该做某事的时候了。
It’s the that sb. have/has dne sth.
是某人第一次/二次/……次做某事。
It is/has 自从……多久了。
It will 要过……时间才……
It is/was＋时间点＋when... 当……时候，时间是……
强调句型：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/wh...
替代词
We had just rented a car.It lked very ld.
我们刚租了一辆车。它看起来很旧。
Mr.Zhang gave me a very valuable present, ne that I have never seen. 张先生给了我一件非常有价值的礼物——一件我从来没有见过的礼物。
(浙江卷)In many ways, the educatin system in the US is nt very different frm that in the UK. 在许多方面，美国的教育制度与英国的教育制度没有很大差异。
The bks n the desk are better than thse under the desk. 桌子上面的书比桌子下面的书要好。
如何正确判断代词
一、通过句子成分确定填什么代词
分析句子成分，如果句中缺主语，则可填人称代词主格、指示代词、不定代词或it；如果缺宾语，则可填人称代词宾格；如果宾语与主语是指同一人，则应用反身代词。
[例] (四川卷)On my desk is a pht that my father tk f ____________when I was a baby.
[分析] me 设空处作介词f的宾语，应用人称代词的宾格；再结合句意“我的桌子上有张我小时候父亲为我拍的照片”可知填写me。
二、通过句式结构判断是否填it
[例] (陕西卷)I’d appreciate ________________ if yu culd let me knw in advance whether r nt yu will cme.
[分析] it 句意：如果你能提前告知我你是否会来，我将不胜感激。I’d appreciate it if...为固定句型，意为“如果……，我将不胜感激”。it在该句型中作形式宾语，指代下文if从句的内容。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2020·浏阳六校联考)Hwever, quite a few ther peple, especially thse in the cuntryside, wuld fix a lucky date s that their marriage wuld have“Duble Happiness”．
2．(2020·山西太原质检)In return, bkstres have imprved the cultural atmsphere f shpping malls, s it is mutually beneficial t have such cperatin.
3．(2020·浙江金丽衢十二校联考)Yu have t drive yur daughter t schl yurself(yu)．
4．(2020·山东师大附中模拟)Written Chinese came ut in its(it) earliest frm apprximately 6，000 years ag.
5．(2020·襄阳调研)In the deaf culture f Nrth America, many listeners shw applause nt by clapping their hands but by waving them in the air.
6．(2020·哈尔滨三中二调)Had Clumbus turned back, n ne culd have blamed him.Of curse，n ne wuld have remembered him,__either.
7．(2020·陕西汉中一模)When I learned mre abut the fd, I began t understand why it has this special feature.
8．(2020·咸阳模拟)There is als a grwing trend twards marrying later: since 2013, the number f cuples aged 25 t 29 has been greater than that f yunger cuples.
9．(2020·河南八市重点高中质检)Fr ne thing, they help t braden ur hrizns.Fr anther,__mst bks are sld at a lwer price.
10．(2020·江西六校联考)Failure is part f ur life. Nbdy has achieved great success withut lts f failures.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．(2020·湖北五校期中)Once yu have fund such true friends, d treasure him.him→them
2．(2020·安徽皖南八校联考)I wuld never ask much frm my parents because I knew it was nt easy fr him t make a living. him→them
3．(2020·江西红色七校联考) At that mment, the assistant replied that it wuld cst myself much mney t fix this watch. myself→me
4．(2020·郑州一中阶段检测)Lcated in Jiaxing, Zhejiang Prvince, Wuzhen has a histry f abut 6，000 years.Like many small twns in the suthern area, which has a lt f small bridges ging ver clean streams. which→it
5．(2020·莆田质检)We all liked this activity which gave me relaxatin frm heavy schlwrk and prmted ur friendship. me→us
6．(2020·江西红色七校联考) It has been a lng time since I did anything gd fr the envirnment.anything→smething
7．(2020·银川一中模拟)I dn’t think this is a gd idea t travel a lt and visit as many places as pssible.this→it
8．(2020·咸阳模拟)Just then, a little dg lay at my feet quietly.I asked，“Am I suppsed t tuch them？” them→it
9．(2020·吉林一模)The weather was much htter than in my hmetwn, but I gt used t it and felt at hme. 在than后加that
10．(2020·哈尔滨三中一模)I think smene shuld be cncerned abut ur envirnment and take an active part in imprving it. smene→everyne
类别
功能
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
人称代词
主格
作主语
I
we
yu
yu
he
she
it
they
宾格
作宾语
me
us
yu
yu
him
her
it
them
物主代词
形容词性
作定语
my
ur
yur
yur
his
her
its
their
名词性
作主、表或宾语
mine
urs
yurs
yurs
his
hers
its
theirs
反身代词
作宾、表或同位语
myself
ur­ selves
yur­self
yur­selves
him­self
her­self
it­ self
them­selves
each/every
each指“(两者或两者以上的人或物的)每个”，可与f短语搭配；every 指“(三者或三者以上的人或物的)每个”，在句中只作定语，不可与f短语搭配
bth/all
bth表示“两者都”；all 指“(三者或三者以上的人或物的)所有，全部”
either/neither
either表示“(两者中的)任何一个”；neither表示“两者都不”
nne/nthing
n ne/nbdy
nne指人或物，表特指，表示“(三者或三者以上中)无一个，没有一点”，可与f短语连用；nthing指物，表泛指，表示“没有任何东西，没有事”，不与f短语连用； n ne/nbdy 指人，表泛指，不与f短语连用
anther
泛指“另一个”
ther/thers
ther泛指“另外一些”，只作定语，常与可数名词复数连用；thers泛指“其余的人或物”，相当于ther＋复数名词
the ther/the thers
the ther特指“(两者之中的)另一个”；the thers＝the ther＋可数名词复数
few/a few
few表示“很少人/事物”；a few表示“有些人/事物，一些”，修饰或指代复数名词
little/a little
little表示“不多的”；a little表示“少量的，一些”，修饰或指代不可数名词
many/much
many 表示“许多”，修饰或指代可数名词复数；much表示“许多”，修饰或指代不可数名词
it
特指前面提到过的同一个人或物，不带任何的修饰语
ne
替代上文出现的“a/an＋单数可数名词”，表泛指，同类不同一
nes
ne的复数形式，替代上文出现的复数名词，表泛指，同类不同一
that
替代上文出现的“the＋不可数名词或单数可数名词”，表特指，同类不同一。其后常跟介词短语作后置定语
thse
替代上文出现的复数名词(尤其是有后置定语时)，表特指，同类不同一