【讲语法】10 定语从句（一）高考英语语法知识点梳理课件（全国通用）

这是一份【讲语法】10 定语从句（一）高考英语语法知识点梳理课件（全国通用），共39页。PPT课件主要包含了CONTENTS，Lesson 7 ，定语从句，先行词，关系词，关系代词，关系副词，限制性定语从句等内容，欢迎下载使用。

定语是对名词或代词起修饰作用的词、短语或句子，名词、代词、形容词 、数词、副词、介词短语、非谓语动词、从句等都可以作定语。
I have read the newspaper.
The newspaper carries the imprtant news.
I shwed him the letter.
I received the letter this mrning.
I shwed him the letter (which) I received this mrning.
Cai Xukun is a singer.He is ppular with teenagers.Cai Xukun is a singer wh is ppular with teenagers.
Cai Xukun is a singer wh is ppular with teenagers.
which, wh, whm, whse, that
where, when, why
定语从句：在句中起定语作用，修饰某一名词或代词的从句。
that 在从句中作主语,宾语或表语，指人或物。which在从句中作主语或宾语，指物。
1. A plane is a machine that can fly.
2. The ndles that I cked were delicius.
3. Shenzhen is nt the city that it used t be.4. They planted the trees which didn’t need much water. 5. The fish which we bught were nt fresh.
wh, whm 在从句中分别作主语和宾语，指人。
1. The by wh brke the windw is called Michael. 2. The persn t whm yu just talked is Mr. Li. 3. Mr. Read is the prfessr whm I met yesterday.
whse 在从句中作定语，指人或物。
1. This is the by whse cmpsitin the teacher talked f. 2. This is the bk whse cver is blue.
Whse cmpsitin = the cmpsitin f whm = f whm the cmpsitin
Whse cver = the cver f which =f which the cver
The ld temple ______ rf was damaged is nw under repair.2. That’s the mew machine _______ parts are t small t be seen.3. This is the scientist ______name is knwn all ver the wrld.4. I bught an ancient vase, the price ______ ______ was very reasnable.5. The newly-built café, the walls ______ _____ are painted light green, is really a peaceful place fr us, especially after hard wrk.
I am sure she has smething (that) yu can brrw.
先行词为all, everything, nthing, smething, anything, little, much 等不定代词时
This is the first bk (that) he has read.
This is the very bk that belngs t him.
(3) 先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时
(4) 先行词被the nly, the very, the last 修饰时
I’ve read all the bks that are nt mine.
(2) 先行词被all, every, n, sme, any, little, much, few等修饰时
(5)先行词即有人又有物时
Which is the bk that yu bught last week?
(6)主句中有疑问词which 或wh时
They talked abut the persns and things that they remembered .
① Peple want t listen t smene wh is interesting.② Anyne wh breaks the law is punished.③ The student yu shuld learn frm is the ne wh wrks hard.④ Thse wh break the law are punished.⑤ He wh breaks the law is punished.
1.4 关系代词只用wh的情况
⑥The famus film star, wh tries t make a cmeback, draws a lt f attentin.
如何选择关系词：1. 确定定语从句2.看先行词是指人还是指物3. 看从句中缺什么成分（把先行词还原到定语从句中，看先行词在定语从句中作什么成分4. 确定关系代词
The bys ______are playing ftball are frm Class One.Ftball is a game ___________is liked by mst bys.
which/ that
选择正确的关系词填入题目中的空白处。1. I like the present __________ yu've sent t me.2. The nurse __________ we talked abut can speak English well.3. This is the mst difficult jb __________ we've ever dne.4. This is the cleverest man __________ I've ever knwn.5. The ld gentleman __________ yu met just nw is a famus writer.6. The girl t __________ I lent my bike wrks in a hspital.7. We talked abut the things and persns ________ we saw then.8. I live in the rm _________windw faces suth.
1. that/which/不填 2. that/wh/whm/不填 3. that 4. that 5. wh/whm/that/不填 6. whm 7. that 8. whse
He wh laughs last laughs best.
I wn’t hate thse wh hate me, because I am lving peple wh lve me.Dn’t lie. Thse wh believe yur lies are als the nes wh believe in yu.
先行词指时间，定语从句中缺时间状语时，用关系副词when，when可换成“介词+which”。如：
1. I still remember that day when I first came t Nanjing. I still remember that day. I first came t Nanjing n that day.
2. My father was brn in the year when Wrld War Ⅱ brke ut. My father was brn in the year. Wrld War Ⅱ brke ut in the year.
1.4 关系副词when
I still remember the day when (= n which) I first came t Nanjing.
My father was brn in the year when(= in which) Wrld War Ⅱ brke ut.
先行词指地点，定语从句中缺地点状语时用关系副词where，where可换成“介词+which”. 如：
This is the huse where I lived last year. This is the huse. I lived in the huse last year.
1.4 关系副词where
This is the huse where(= in which) I lived last year.
Tips : 当先行词是case, cnditin, situatin, psitin, pint, stage, degree，ccasin等词，表示情况、方面、处境且从句中缺状语时用关系副词where。
They have reached the pint where they have t separate with each ther.It’s helpful t put children in a situatin where they can see themselves differently.
先行词是reasn，从句中缺原因状语时用关系副词why时，why可换成“fr + which”。如：
This is the reasn why the by was punished. This is the reasn. The by was punished fr this reasn.
1.4 关系副词why
This is the reasn why(= fr which) the by was punished.
1. I'll never frget the day______________ we met each ther.2. I will never frget the days ______________I spent with yur family。3. D yu still remember the place______________we visited?4. D yu still remember the place______________ we visited the painting exhibitin?
when/ n which
which/that/
where/in which
5. This is the reasn ___________ he was late.
why/ fr which
6.This is the reasn ______________ he gave me.
that/which/
“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，是定语从句一种介词前置的定语从句句型。例如： The man wh/whm /that /yu spke t is a teacher. =The man t whm yu spke is a teacher.
“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，是定语从句一种介词前置的定语从句句型。例如： The man wh/whm /that /yu spke t is a teacher. =The man t whm yu spke is a teacher.一、基本构成 1.“介词+关系代词”结构引导的定语从句中，关系代词只能用which或whm，即：介词+which(指人）/介词+whm（指物）。 （1）The man t whm yu spke is a teacher.（2）The city in which she lives is far away.
关系代词前介词选择三原则：一先，二动，三意义（重中之重）1. 一先，即根据定语从句中的先行词常用的搭配选择合适的介词。I never frget the day ________ which I came t this schl. 2. 二动，即根据定语从句中谓语动词常用的搭配选择合适的介词。This is the iPad ________which I spent 3000 yuan. 3. 三意义，即根据定语从句的意义来确定介词。This is my pair f glasses, ________ which I cannt see clearly.
spend mney n sth
1. I was surprised at the way ________ which he treated the ld man.2. The wman, ________ whm I learned the news, is a nurse.3. In the dark street, there wasn’t a persn ________ whm she culd turn fr help.4. Ours is a beautiful schl, _____which we are prud.
通常介词放在定语从句中动词后，也可以放在关系代词前面，但有些特殊动词短语搭配不能拆分，介词只能放在动词后，如： lk fr, lk after, pay attentin t ,take care f , lk frward t, listen t等。This is the pen that / which/ yu are lking fr.The patient that/whm/ she is lking after is her father.The wrds that /which we shuld pay attentin t are written n the blackbard.
关系代词只用which的情况① 非限制性定语从句Ftball, which is a very interesting game, is played all ver the wrld.② 介词之后用which.（介词后指物用which,指人用whm）The persn ________I am speaking just nw is ur English teacher.The prize ________he wrked s hard was a new bicycle.
I had the same experience as yu had. 我跟你有相同的经历。（as在从句中做宾语，不可省） I never heard such stries as he tld. 我从未听过他讲的这种故事。（as在从句中做宾语） Here is s heavy a bx as can be lifted by nbdy. 这里有一个没人能搬得动的箱子。（as在从句中做主语）
as引导限制性定语从句：主句中出现the same, as, such, s修饰先行词，需选择as做关系代词在定语从句中做主语或宾语。主要结构有：the same…as as…as such…as s…as
As引导非限制性定语从句, 指代整个主句,在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。常译为“正如”
As everyne knws, China is a beautiful cuntry with a lng histry.
He frgt t bring his pen with him, as was ften the case.
As we all knw， (As is well knwn，) 众所周知As we expected, 正如我们所预料的As ften happens, 正如经常发生的那样As is ften the case, 情况常常如此as has been said befre，如前所述As may be imagined, 可以想象得出As has been pinted ut, 正如已经指出的那样As will be shwn in… 正如将在…中展示的那样as is mentined abve 正如上面所提到的
一、限定性定语从句: 紧跟先行词无逗号和主句隔开
Mary is a girl wh has lng hair.　
二、非限定性定语从句: 有逗号与先行词隔开
三、分割性定语从句：定语从句和先行词间有其他成分隔开
Last night I saw a very gd film, which was abut the Lng March.
The day will cme_____ all peple have rbts。
The prfessr is sleeping ______ has just cme back frm abrad. 
1. A plane is a machine that can fly.2. The ndles that I cked were delicius.3. Wh is the man that is reading a bk ver there?4. The girl that we saw yesterday was Jim’s sister.5. They planted sme trees which didn’t need much water.6. The fish which we bught this mrning were nt fresh.
7 The freigner wh visited ur class yesterday is frm Canada.8 The by wh brke the windw is called Tm.9 The persn t whm yu just talked is Mr Li.10 Mrs Read is the persn t whm yu shuld write.