【讲语法】13 非谓语动词高考英语语法知识点梳理课件（全国通用）

这是一份【讲语法】13 非谓语动词高考英语语法知识点梳理课件（全国通用），共60页。PPT课件主要包含了CONTENTS，Lesson 8 ，非谓语动词，考点解密，written，writing，repaired，heard，crying，painted等内容，欢迎下载使用。

非谓语动词是高考英语的必考点和难点，高考重点考察非谓语动词做状语、表语、定语以及宾语补足语的用法区别，以及固定搭配中的非谓语动词形式。 不仅如此，掌握非谓语动词的的基本用法，对增强书面表达的文采和提高阅读理解能力都有明显的作用。
非谓语动词，又叫非限定动词，是指在句子中不是谓语的动词，主要包括不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词)，即动词的非谓语形式。非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外，可以承担句子的其他成分。非谓语动词不受主语的限定，没有人称和数的变化，具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句中可以充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语等。故又称非限定动词。
非谓语动词是指由动词变化而来，具有动词的性质和意义，但不能充当谓语来使用的词。除了不能独立作谓语外，可以承担句子的其他成分。
非谓语动词的三种形式：1. 过去分词 （dne）【被动、完成】2. 动词不定式 （t d）【将来、目的】3. 动词-ing形式 （ding）【主动、进行】
① V+ed destry –destryed② V+d(不发音的e结尾) lve –lved③ 变 y 为 i+ed（以辅音字母y 结尾） study–studied④双写尾字母+ed stp –stpped （重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母）
shp plan admit drp prefer beg…
①表被动+完成 eg. Built years ag, the bridge needs t be repaired.②只表被动 eg. Taken twice a day, the medicine will wrk fine fr yur cugh.③只表完成相当于形容词，表状态 I am satisfied.
fallen leaves
develped cuntries
a retired wrker
1. I like reading the nvels written by Liu Cixin. 定语（the attribute） 2. He spke ludly in rder t make himself heard. 宾语补足语（the bject cmplement） 3. Yu lked frightened. 表语（the predicative） 4. Deeply mved, the children began t cry. 状语（the adverbial）
定语:用来修饰,限定,说明名词或代词的品质与特征。主要有形容词,名词,代词,数词,介词短语,动词不定式短语、分词、定语从句… 定语分为前置定语和后置定语。
eg： 一枚用过的邮票 一个受伤的手指 一枚破损的硬币 一支点燃的蜡烛 2. 过去分词作定语时，有时只有被动意义。 英语口语 书面练习以上的都是_______的过去分词。
a used stamp an injured finger a brken cin a lighted candle
1.过去分词作定语时一般兼有被动和完成的意义。
3.不及物动词的过去分词作定语只表完成的意义。
升起来的太阳一名逃跑的囚犯 一名退休教师
spken English
written exercises
the risen sun an escaped prisner a retired teacher
单个的过去分词一般作前置定语，即放在所修饰的名词前，过去分词短语一般做后置定语，即放在所修饰的名词后。如：terrified peple the affected persn rdinary peple expsed t chlera the river plluted by the dirty water ★[注意]：★有些单个的过去分词，像left （剩余的 ）given（所给予的）cncerned（有关的）等，习惯上用作后置定语。如：the mney left 剩余的钱 the peple cncerned 有关人士 the time given 给出的时间
过去分词前加名词、副词或形容词可以构成合成形容词。
广泛运用的技术训练有素的工人手写的信件 准备充分的讲稿
widely-used techniqueswell –trained wrkershand-written letters fully-prepared lectures
1. Hw I regretted the hurs wasted n playing games!2. I like wearing clthes made f this kind f clth．3. The bks written by Lu Xun are ppular．4. We’ll g t visit the bridge built hundreds f years ag.
=which/ that had been wasted n playing games
=which/ that are made f this kind f clth.
=which/ that was built hundreds f years ag.
=which/ that were written by Lu Xun
过去分词作短语一般作后置定语，相当于定语从句，改成定语从句后一般为被动句.
1. The prject which was designed by the Chinese engineerswas cnstructed in nly 2 years. = The prject_____________________________________was cnstructed in nly 2 years.
designed by the Chinese engineers
2. The mst imprtant thing that is needed nw is a new medicine t treat the disease.
= The mst imprtant thing ____________ is a new medicine t treat the disease.
3. The castle, which was burnt dwn in the sixteenth century, was never rebuilt.= The castle, _______________________________________, was never rebuilt.
burnt dwn in the sixteenth century
过去分词短语有时亦可用作非限制性定语，用来补充说明被修饰词的情况，前后常有逗号。
5. The girl wh is dressed in red is Kelly’s lng-lst friend.= The girl _____________ is Kelly’s lng-lst friend.
4. A thief stle the gat that was tied t the tree.= A thief stle the gat ______ t the tree.
dressed in red
6. Father beat the sn wh was lst in the nline games. = Father beat the sn ________ in the nline games.
有些过去分词因来源于系表结构，在句子中不表被动而表主动。be lst / absrbed in （沉溺于）；be brn in（出身于）；be dressed in （穿着）；be tired f （厌烦）；be devted t ；be faced with; be satisfied with ；be surprised at; be cncerned with ,be wrried abut , be determined t
Practice:T slve the prblem f water pllutin , I’d like yu t lk at a study _______ in Australia in 2012. having cnducted B. t be cnducted cnducting D. cnducted
正确答案： D 解析：为了解决水污染的问题，我想要你看一下2012年澳大利亚已经进行的研究。使用非谓语动词作定语，study和cnduct是动宾关系，用过去分词作定语=which was cnducted。B项也表示被动，但是不定式的被动，表示将要发生的事情。故选D。
He is a wrker building rads. =He is a wrker wh/that built rads. This is a picture painted by my father. =This is a picture which was painted by my father.
I knw the yung man sleeping n the bench. =I knw the yung man wh is sleeping n the bench.The letter mailed last night will reach him sn. =The letter which was mailed last night will reach him sn.
过去分词作定语改成定语从名后一般为被动句, 现在分词作定语改成定语从句一般为主动句。
现在分词:表示主动、进行；过去分词:表示被动、完成
dne; being dne 与 t be dne 作定语的区别过去分词含有“被动”“完成”两种含义;若表示“某事正在被做”，通常使用动词的being dne形式; 若表示“即将被做”，通常使用动词的t be dne形式。 （1）The meeting (hld) nw is f great imprtance.（2）The meeting (hld) yesterday was f great imprtance.（3）The meeting (hld) tmrrw is f great imprtance.
1.1过去分词和V-ing作定语的区别
1.过去分词作感官动词的宾语补足语，如 watch, ntice, bserve, hear, feel,smell, listen t等。 When he wke up in the hspital, he _______________________by dctrs and nurses. 当他在医院醒来时，他发现自己被医生和护士包围着。 Tm nticed ____________________ by smebdy. Tm 注意到他的房间被人搜查过。
fund himself surrunded
his rm searched
1.2 过去分词作宾语补足语
2.过去分词用于作使役动词的宾语补足语，如have, get, make, let, leave, set, send等。 He narrwly ___________ while he was riding a hrse the ther day. 几天前当他骑马时，他差点摔断了腿。
had/gt his leg brken
3. 过去分词用于with复合结构中作宾语补足语。 The murderer was brught in,____________________ behind his back. 凶手被带进来了,他的双手被绑在背后。________________________ she had t walk hme. 自行车被偷，她只好步行回家。 The by,___________________________________ seemed t be thinking abut smething. 那个男孩,眼睛盯着天花板, 好像在想什么事。 With their wrk __________(finish), they went hme happily.
With her bike stlen,
with his eyes fixed n the ceiling,
with his hands tied
1.The girl was dressed in her best clthes. She wanted t make herself _______ at the party. A. nticing B. nticed C. ntice D. t be nticed 【答案】B。此处是“make +宾语+宾补”形式，宾语herself和动词ntice之间是动宾关系，所以用过去分词表示被动，答案选B。
2. Back frm his tw-year medical service in Africa, Dr. Leewas very happy t see his mther ____ gd care f at hme. A. taking B. taken C. take D. be taken
3. We fund urselves (shck) by the large number f visitrs.
作感官动词的宾语补足语，如 watch, ntice, bserve, hear, feel, smell, listen t…2. 作使役动词的宾语补足语，如have, get, make, let, leave, set, send…3. 在with复合结构中作宾语补足语
1. sb d sth have sb ding sth sth dne= get sth dne wn’t have sb ding (无法容忍某人做某事）3. sb d sth be dne
2. sb d sth (全过程） see/hear/watch sb ding sth sth dne sth being dne
sb/sth t d(让…做某事,一次性的）sb/sth ding(使处于某种状态，变的…)sth dne
Can yu get the car mving?Yu shuld get yur friend t help yu.
1. with sb/sth+adj/adv/介词短语He used t sleep with all the windws pen.She lay in bed with her face pale.
Her mther sat n the chair with her head dwn.
The teacher came in with a bk in his hand.
With everything dne, she went hme.
I can’t g ut with these clthes t wash.
With the by leading the way, we quickly fund the place.
系动词：be (is/am/are)becme get grw turn remain stay keep seem appear smell lk sund taste feel等
表语是指说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的词或从句，表语常由名词、形容词、介词短语、动名词、不定式、来充当，它常位于系动词之后。
He lks gd.Adventure becmes a part f my life.The windw was brken.
1.3 过去分词作表语
过去分词放在系动词之后作表语, 表示主语的性质、特征或 ______。这类过去分词通常为形容词化的过去分词（直接看作形容词）: delighted,astnished,frightened,excited,inspired,encuraged,interested,cntented,pleased,puzzled, satisfied ,tired, wrried, ect. 其中很多可以被very修饰.
Everyne present is very inspired at his speech．
Yu lked frightened.
He became interested in tw theries. On hearing the gd news everyne was excited．
1.The bk is interesting and I’m interested in it.
2.His wrds were discuraging, which made many peple discuraged．
amusing, amused; puzzling, puzzledtiring, tired; encuraging, encuraged; satisfying, satisfied; disappinting, disappinted;pleasing, pleased; astnishing, astnished
3.His _____(cnfuse) expressin made the prfessr_____(cnfuse).
② The nvel is well written． （状态）  The nvel is written by LuXun． （动作） 
过去分词作表语，强调主语的特点或所处的状态；而被动语态中，主语是动词所表示动作的承受者。
(2) 过去分词作表语,多用来表示主语所处的心理状态或情感变化, 这类过去分词通常为形容词化的过去分词: ,astnished,frightened,excited,inspired,encuraged,interested,cntented,pleased,puzzled,satisfied,tired,wrried,ect ． 其中很多可以被very修饰. A. On hearing the gd news everyne was excited ．
① The stre is nw clsed．（状态）  The library is usually clsed at 8:00 p.m． （动作）
状语是用来修饰动词、形容词、副词以及全句的一种句子成份，用于说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。能充当状语的有副词、介词词组、非谓语动词、独立主格结构、从句等等。1. They were sitting n the flr.2. She spke English very well.3. The teachers cme here t listen t my lessn.
4. While he was watching TV, he heard a knck at the dr.
5. The by will be blind in bth eyes unless he is treated n time. 6. Thugh he had been tld many times, he culdn’t understand it.
过去分词作状语时，表示被动完成的动作，其逻辑主语就是主句的主语，且与主句主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,表时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随情况等，相当于一个状语从句。
Deeply mved, the by began t cry.
= Because he was deeply mved, the by began t cry.
Asked fr his views abut his teaching jb, Philip said it was very interesting and rewarding.= When he was asked fr his views abut his teaching jb, Philip said it was very interesting and rewarding.= When asked fr his views abut his teaching jb, Philip said it was very interesting and rewarding.当被问到对教师这份工作的看法时，菲利普说它既有趣又有值得。
1.过去分词作时间状语时，相当于时间状语从句。可在过去分词前加上连词“when, while…”等，使其时间意义更明确。
2. 过去分词作原因状语时，可转换为由since, because或as引导的原因状语从句，这类状语多放在句子的前半部分。
Frightened by the nise, the girl cried.
=Because she was frightened by the nise, the girl cried.
=Because frightened by the nise, the girl cried.
3. 过去分词作条件状语时，可转换为if, nce或unless等引导的条件状语从句。
Given mre time, we will d better.
= If we are given mre time, we will d better.
= If given mre time, we will d better.
4.过去分词作让步状语时，相当于一个以thugh/althugh引导的让步状语从句
Treated badly, she still lved him.= Thugh she was treated badly, she still lved him.= Thugh treated badly, she still lved him.
5.过去分词作方式或伴随状语时，通常不能转换为状语从句，但可用并列分句代替.
The ld man walked in the park, supprted by his wife.=The ld man walked in the park and was supprted by his wife.
2.过去分词作状语表示_____/或______的动作,相当一个状语从句。
1.过去分词在句子中可以作_____、______、_______、_______、________状语等。
3.过去分词作状语时其逻辑主语与主句的主语要保持一致。
Faced with financial difficulties, _______. A. an extra jb has been given t Jhn  B.an extra jb has been taken   C. Jhn has t take an extra jb
1. Asked what had happened, the by cried.2. Encuraged by her teacher, the girl was very happy.3. Heated, water changes int steam.4. Defeated again, he didn’t lse heart. 5. The prfessr went int the curtyard, fllwed by his wife.
When he was
Because she was
Althugh he was
1. Cmpared with yu, we still have a lng way t g.=If we are cmpared with yu, we still have a lng way t g.=If cmpared with yu, we still have a lng way t g.2. Greatly tuched by his idl, the by wrked hard t make prgress.=Because he was greatly tuched by his idl, the by wrked hard t make prgress.=Because greatly tuched by his idl, the by wrked hard t make prgress.3. Laughed at by the ther students, she didn’t give up.=Thugh she was laughed at by the ther students, she didn’t give up.=Thugh laughed at by the ther students, she didn’t give up.
过去分词短语作状语时，可在其前面加上连词________________________等，以便明确作何种状语。
when, if, nce, thugh, unless
=Highly interested in music, Henry began t write riginal cmpsitins when he was in high schl.
1. Henry was highly interested in music and began t write riginal cmpsitins when he was in high schl.
找出（主语发出/承受的）动作、状态
判断主句部分和状语部分
2. They were pleased with his music and sngs and finally invited him t perfrm in the Silver Hal.
=Pleased with his music and sngs, they finally invited him t perfrm in the Silver Hall.
3. Thugh he was affected by gradual blindness sn after the perfrmance, Henry was still capable f writing cmpsitins and he fund that creating music was a relief and cure fr his illness.
=Thugh affected by gradual blindness sn after the perfrmance, Henry was still capable f writing cmpsitins and he fund that creating music was a relief and cure fr his illness.
4. When he gt absrbed in his wrld f music, he felt as if he culd "see" the beauty f the wrld arund him, like he had in his previus life.
=Absrbed in his wrld f music, he felt as if he culd "see" the beauty f the wrld arund him, like he had in his previus life.
1. “She is right,” he said, pleased.2. He turned away, disappinted.3. Shelley, astnished, urged her t explain.
有时一个单独的过去分词，也可以作状语。
1. I like reading the nvels ______(write ) by Zhang Ailing.2. The girl ______(write) a letter in the study is my cusin.3. There is smething wrng with my car and I have t get it _______(repair).4. He spke ludly in rder t make himself ______(hear).5. I fund the little girl ______(cry) at the crner.
6. I want the drs f my new huse _______(paint) was a _________(surprise) lk n his face.8. He was ______ (excite) at the gd news. 9. The stry was s________(mve) that he was _______ (mve) t tears.
Absrbed in deep thught, he didn't hear the sund. Brn in this beautiful twn, he hates t leave it.有些过去分词常用于系表结构，作状语时不表被动而表主动或状态。这时的过去分词只起到一个形容词的作用，是形容词化的过去分词。be lst / absrbed in （沉溺于）；be brn in（出身于）；be dressed in （穿着）；be tired f （厌烦）；be devted t ；be faced with; be satisfied with ；be surprised at; be cncerned with ,be wrried abut , be determined t
Absrbed in deep thught, he didn't hear the sund. Brn in this beautiful twn, he hates t leave it.Faced with s many difficulties, they never gave up.We fund Jhn seated in a chair, writing a letter. The wman dressed in red clthes was his aunt.
有些过去分词常用于系表结构，在句子中不表被动而表主动或状态、特征。这时的过去分词只起到一个形容词的作用，是形容词化的过去分词。be lst / absrbed in （沉溺于）；be brn in（出身于）；be dressed in （穿着）；be tired f （厌烦）；be devted t ；be faced with; be satisfied with ；be surprised at; be cncerned with ,be wrried abut , be determined t
1.5 形容词化的过去分词
1._____ (see)frm the vide, the girl is thin but strng.
2._____ (see)the mnster , the girl is still calm.
3.Everyne was silent, ___________ (wait) t see wh wuldbe called upn t read his r her paragraph alud．
分词作状语记忆口诀：分词作状语，主语是关键。前后两动作，共用一主语。主语找出后，再来判关系。主动用­ing， 被动用­ed。
4.He went ut, _________ the dr behind him.
5.________ mre encuragement, the by culd have behaved better.
V-ing 形式在句子中可做什么成分？ 1. 主语 (the subject) 2. 宾语 (the bject) 3. 定语（the attribute） 4. 宾语补足语（the bject cmplement） 5. 表语（the predicative） 6. 状语（the adverbial）
1. Studying English is f great imprtance.* v-ing 作主语，谓语动词用单数2. It's n use crying ver the spilt milk.* it作形式主语，后紧接否定含义的词时，用ding来作真正的主语。同类句型：It's n gd/ useless/ a waste f time ding It’s wrth ding sth
（2）动词-ing形式/不定式作主语的句型：(1)It is/was＋形容词(fr/f sb)＋t d sth(2) (3)It takes sb sme time t d sth(4)It’s wrthwhile t d/ding sth
t d 和V-ing作主语、表语的区别
The queen's wrk is laying eggs. His ambitin is t g t Harvard University. The ld man’s jb is painting the walls. （日常工作）The ld man’s jb tday is t paint the walls. （一次性的，具体的）
（1）不定式表示一次性的、具体的或将来的动作，而动名词则表示一般的，抽象的，经常发生的动作。
It's n gd/ useless/ a waste f time ding
（5）It’s wrth ding sth
（6）It’s fun ding sth
Please practise speaking English every day.
只可接ding而不可接t d 作宾语的动词:enjy/ finish/ avid/ deny/ admit/ appreciate/ keep/ mind/ risk/ suggest/ cnsider/ miss/ quit/ imagine/ dislike/ delay/ tlerate等
practice：I quickly lwer myself, ducking my head t avid ______ (lk) directly int his eyes s he desn't feel challenged. (2018全国三卷)
完成实践值得忙 继续习惯别放弃 考虑建议不禁想 喜欢思念要介意 期待冒险去献身 坚持欣赏避免错（过） 承认推迟否认想（象）逃亡
1. My jb is teaching English.动名词作表语多表示抽象性或习惯性的动作，一般说明主语的内容。表语和主语常可互换位置。2. This questin is very puzzling.现在分词作表语多具有形容词的性质，一般说明主语的性质、特征等。
practice：Climbing muntains was ____, s we all felt ____. (tire)
1. I have a sleeping bag.（表示功能或用途）2. Here is a sleeping baby.（表示主动、正在进行）3.The by calling himself Tm is my friend.
如果v-ing是单独的一个词，则作前置定语；如果v-ing是一个短语，则作后置定语。
practice：The flwers ________ (smell) sweet in the btanical garden attract a lt f visitrs.
现在分词表示正在进行的动作，也可表示特征；过去分词表示完成或状态。
过去分词和V-ing作定语的区别
1. I saw him running alng the rad.(v-ing 作感官动词的宾语补足语，如 watch, ntice, bserve, hear, feel,smell, listen t等)2. Yu shuldn't keep him waiting there.(v-ing 作使役动词的宾语补足语，如have, get, make, let, leave, set, send等)3. With s many peple lking at her, she felt nervus.(v-ing在with复合结构中作宾语补足语)
practice：1. I lked up and nticed a snake _______ (wind) its way up the tree t catch its breakfast.2. Dn't leave the water _______ (run) while yu brush yur teeth.3. With spring _____________ (apprach), trees turn green.
1. Hearing the bad news, he cried. 2. They came in, talking and laughing. 3. Fill in the blanks using what we have learnt. 4. His parents died, leaving him an rphan. v-ing的否定是直接在前面加nt/never等否定词。
V-ing在句中作状语来修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、方式、结果或伴随等情况, 相当于一个状语从句。分词作状语时, 分词的逻辑主语必须是句子的主语, 分词和句子中的主语含有逻辑上的主谓关系。
Nt knwing the way, he stpped t ask directins.
Walking in the street, I came acrss an ld friend.=When/ As/While I was walking in the street, I came acrss an ld friend.
When/As/While he was waiting fr the bus, he read a cpy f China Daily.=Waiting fr the bus, he read a cpy f China Daily.
As/ Because he was ill, he didn’t g t schl.=Being ill, he didn’t g t schl.
Walking ahead, yu will see a white huse.
=If yu walk ahead, yu will see a white huse.
He sat n the sfa, watching TV.=He sat n the sfa and watched TV.
分词作方式或伴随状语时，表示的动作(或状态)与谓语同时发生, 或是对谓语动词(或状态)进一步补充说明，通常不能转换成状语从句，可以改成and连接的并列分句
Read Tm's diary and rewrite the underlined sentences using the v-ing frm as the adverbial. After we had prepared fr the jurney fr several days, we set ut. On the way t the railway statin, we chatted and laughed and we enjyed urselves very much. Hwever, ur bus was held by the traffic jam, and thus it caused the delay. T ur relief, we caught the train.
Having prepared fr the jurney fr several days, we set ut. On the way t the railway statin, we enjyed urselves very much，chatting and laughing. Hwever, ur bus was held by the traffic jam, causing the delay. T ur relief, we caught the train.
当v-ing的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生时，用一般（ding）；当v-ing的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前时，用完成式（having dne）。Walking in the street, I met an ld friend f mine.Having finished his hmewrk, the by went t play happily. The questin being discussed nw is imprtant. Having been criticized by the teacher, he decided t study hard.
Having dne和having been dne 一般只用来作状语，不用来作定语。
动名词的复合结构：带有逻辑主语的动名词被称为动名词的复合结构
Jane’s cming made me very happy.Mary insisted n my reading the letter.Wuld yu mind me pening the windw?
逻辑主语可以是形容词性物主代词、名词所有格、人称代词宾格等。
His being late made the manager angry. Him being late made the manager angry.
逻辑主语是代词且在句首时，只能用形容词性物主代词，不能用人称代词宾格。也就是说人称代词宾格只能位于句中，形容词性物主代词、名词所有格句首、句中都可以。
2.8动名词的复合结构
t d 形式在句子中可做什么成分？ 1. 主语 (the subject) 2. 宾语 (the bject) 3. 定语（the attribute） 4. 宾语补足语（the bject cmplement） 5. 表语（the predicative） 6. 状语（the adverbial）
1. 不定式作主语，相当于名词或代词，往往表示一次性的、具体的动作，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。常用it作形式主语，将不定式置于句尾。 T study English well is nt easy. = It is nt easy t study English well.
3.1 t d 形式作主语
It’s difficult fr him t finish the wrk alne. It’s wise f yu t d that.
不定式的复合结构：带有逻辑主语的不定式被称为不定式的复合结构 ① It+be +adj. + f sb. t d sth. 某人做某事是……的。形容词为clever, kind, nice等描述逻辑主语性格特征的词。 It’s very kind f yu t help the ld man. ② It+be+ adj + fr sb. t d sth. 对某人来说做某事是……的。形容词为easy, imprtant, necessary等描述事件的词。 It’s imprtant fr us t study hard.
（1）常跟不定常作宾语的动词有：affrd, agree，ask，decide，desire，expect，fail，hpe，manage，prmise，pretend，plan，intend，refuse，wish I prmised nt t be late.
I have n chice but t give up.They did nthing but cmplain.
（3）某些动词如find，feel，think，expect，cnsider，make等后接不定式作宾语时，常用it作形式宾语。宾语后有补足语。He feels it his duty t help thers.I find it impssible t change her idea.
3.2 t d 形式作宾语
（（2）介词but/except后接不定式作宾语时，如前面有实义动词d，不定式就要省略t。
不定式作宾语补足语①大多数及物动词tell，want，wish，advise，rder，require，expect，remind，persuade，encurage，cnvince，frce，beg， allw，frbid等后可接不定式作宾语补足语。 My dctr advised me t take a rest.②某些感官动词如feel，hear，see，watch，ntice，bserve等或使役动词如have，let，make等后面可接不带t的不定式作宾语补足语。但如果句子变成被动语态时，就必须还原t。 Did yu ntice anyne g int the huse? Was anyne nticed t g int the huse?I saw him enter the rm.He was seen t enter the rm.
1. Peple are sure that scientists will figure ut ways __________(存储) sufficient fd fr the lng jurney and ______________(再利用) the dirty water fr later use.2. In 2003, Yang Liwei became the first Chinese astrnaut ____________(进入) space.3. When he was a child, he had nthing ________________(担心，忧虑） and was mst curius abut the glbe. 4. The machine _________________(将要被监测) can be applied t space explratin.
动词不定式做定语(Attribute)1.当修饰的名词是ability, ways, ambitin, attempt, chance, curage, desire, decisin, effrt, failure mment prmise right time wish …（一些表示企图、努力、愿望、打算、能力等意义的名词。2.当修饰的名词前有the nly, the next, the best, the first, the last, 以及由序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词。3.当修饰的词为 smething, nthing, anything 等不定代词时。4.当定语表示未来的还没做的动作时。
t wrry abut
t be mnitred
nly t d sth.为不定式作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果。
1. ___________________(为了) find ut mre infrmatin abut the life in space, please visit the website.2. If yu want t be an astrnaut, yu must be intelligent enugh ________(获得) a related cllege degree.3. He hurried t the statin, nly t find that the train had left.4. As a result, he was disappinted __________(发现) that his limited resurces were running ut and he had t signal fr help.
动词不定式做状语(Adverbial) 1.目的状语：常用结构：t d; in rder t d, s as t d, s/ such…as t d, etc.2.结果状语：常与nly , enugh 或t连用,用于“”；“enugh t...”；“nly t d”句型中。3.原因状语：跟在一些带有感情色彩的形容词后happy, lucky, glad, srry, anxius, prud, disappinted, angry, surprised, ，说明产生这种情绪的原因。
T/ In rder t
3.5 t d 形式作状语
nly t d sth 为不定式作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果。
动词不定式作表语，常用于系动词be, seem, appear, remain后面，表示主语的具体内容，也可以表示目的，愿望等等。常用动词不定式作表语的主语有aim, wish, chice, idea, purpse等等。
Her wish was t becme a teacher.Thrugh the whle life, the mst difficult thing is t knw yurself.
I hpe t see yu next week. He seems t have caught a cld. I’m srry t have brught yu s much truble. He pretended t be studying when his mther came in.
hw, when，where, which，what等疑问词后面跟不定式构成不定式短语，“疑问词+不定式 ”结构可作主语、宾语、表语等成分。Hw t use the cmputer is a questin.如何使用计算机是个问题。I knw where t find the by.The questin is hw t learn English well.
1. 在“be +形容词+ t d”中，主动表被动。形容词修饰不定式。 The man is hard t get alng with. The passage is difficult t understand. The machine is easy t perate.2. be t blame，be t rent 主动表被动。3. “have +宾语+t d”结构，句子主语是动词不定式的逻辑主语。 I have an imprtant piece f news t tell yu.
4.1 形容词化的过去分词
1. t d 和V-ing作主语、表语的区别
4.51 t d 形式作主语
4.53 过去分词作表语
3.His ________(cnfuse) expressin made the prfessr________(cnfuse).
1. 介词后跟V-ing形式作宾语，但介词but/except后接不定式作宾语, 且前面有实义动词d时，不定式就要省略t。
4.6 非谓语动词作宾语
1. (2021·全国甲卷)After ____________ (spend) sme time lking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time fr sme actin and what better than t ride n a piece f histry!2. (2021·西安中学第六次模拟)I wn’t call myself the mst accmplished persn when it cmes t ____________ (hld) chpsticks.
3. I have n chice but t give up.4. They did nthing but cmplain.
2. 只可接V-ing 形式而不可接t d 作宾语的动词:enjy/ finish/ avid/ deny/ admit/ appreciate/ keep/ mind/ risk/ suggest/ cnsider/ miss/ quit/ imagine/ dislike/ delay/ tlerate等
（2）介词but/except后接不定式作宾语时，如前面有实义动词d，不定式就要省略t。
3. 只能跟不定式作宾语的动词:
Remember t turn ff the lights befre yu left.I remembered turning ff the lights befre I left.
既可跟动名词作宾语，又可跟不定式作宾语但表达含义不同的动词和短语
4.7 非谓语动词作宾语补足语
1. sb d sth have sb ding sth sth dne wn’t have sb ding (无法容忍某人做某事）3. sb d sth be dne
1. I fund the dr lcked.
2. With s many friends t supprt yu, yu are sure t finish the task.
3. With s many peple watching her, she felt t nervus t express herself prperly.
过去分词强调被动已完成；不定式强调动作要发生；现在分词强调主动进行。
4.7 过去分词、不定式、V-ing作宾补的区别
独立主格：名词/代词+ 非谓语动词/非谓语动词等作状语时，逻辑主语必须和句子的主语一致。 如果不一致，则须用独立主格结构来表示，也就是在非谓语动词前加上它的逻辑主语。
1. Time/ Weather permitting, we will g there n ft.
= If time/ weather permits, we will g there n ft.
adj/adv/介词短语
2. The by leading the way, we quickly fund the library.
3. Her glasses brken, she culdn’t see the wrds clearly.
4. The prblem slved, we all feel happy.
5. Such an able man t help yu, yu will finish the wrk sn.
The weather ht, we all went swimming.The meeting ver, we went hme.The girl ran away, tears n face.
It being Natinal Day tday, the streets are very crwded. (由于是…) = As it is Natinal Day tday, the streets are very crwded. There being n buses, we had t walk hme. (由于有…) = As there were n buses, we had t walk hme.
sb/sth+adj/adv/介词短语
with可不可以掉？？？？