06 说明文 - 事理说明文 备战2023年中考英语书面表达（写作步骤+满分范文+词句积累）

备战2023年中考英语书面表达

（写作步骤+满分范文+词句积累）

第二章 说明文

说明文是一种以说明为主要表达方式的文章类型,一般介绍事物的形状、构造、类别、关系、功能,解释事物的原理、含义、特点、演变等。说明类文章注重条理清晰、中心突出,所以在写作时要注重以下几个方面：

1.说明顺序

通常有时间顺序、空间顺序和逻辑顺序三种.时间和空间顺序是说明文常见的两种说明顺序,逻辑顺序包括总分式、承接式和递进式三种。

2.说明方法.

说明文讲究客观性,以客观的角度说明事物或事理,在写说明文时,可以采取以下方法来增加文章的客观性－下定义、打比方、作比较、举例子、列数字等。

3.时态.

说明文主要用来说明事物或事理的特点等,因而其描述的通常是一般状态,所以说明文的写作中常用一般现在时。

Part 2

事理说明文.

写法点拨

在写事理说明文的时候,我们可以就以下三部分来写：

1.概述现象的整体情况.文章的第一部分应提出现象,并向读者展开描述现象的整体情况,为下文介绍“how”和“why”做好铺垫.

2.提出解决办法并解释原因.这是事理说明文最重要的一部分.在这一部分,先就现象有条理地列出可行的解决办法,然后解释之所以采取这些办法的原因.

3.总结整理全文.在文章的末尾部分,对全文进行一定的总结,可以对前面的解决办法进行总结以及评价.

必备词汇

1 表示结果

2 表示解释和说明

3 表示对比、比较

4 表示转折

5 表示强调

必备句型

1 概述现象的整体情况

(1) The latest surveys show that quite a few children have unpleasant associations with homework.

最近的调查显示相当多的孩子对家庭作业没什么好感.

(2) According to a recent survey, four million people die each year from diseases linked to smoking.

依照最近的一项调查,每年有4000000人死于与吸烟有关的疾病.

(3)There are fewer people watching films than before.现在看电影的人要比以前少了.

(4) Plants are very important living things.植物是非常重要的生物.

(5) In recent years, WeChat is becoming fashionable and popular, which has made a great difference in our daily lives.近年来,微信变得越来越流行和受欢迎,对我们的日常生活产生了重要的影响.

2 提出解决办法并解释原因

(1) The school plays an important role in the society.学校在社会中扮演着重要角色.

(2) The reason is that it can help us learn more knowledge.原因是它可以帮助我们学到更多知识.

(3)If you meet a foreigner, you' d better talk with him in English.

如果你遇到一个外国人,你与他交谈时最好用英语.

(4) To get there, you can take No.5 Bus at the bus stop in front of our school.

去那里,你可以在我们学校门前的公交站乘坐5路公共汽车.

(5) You will find the temple on your right side.你可以在你的右手边找到那座寺庙.

3 总结整理全文

(1) To save the animals means to save the earth.保护动物意味着保护地球.

(2) This medicine has a great effect on him.这种药对他很有效.

(3) I am sure my dream will come true one day.我相信我的梦想有一天可以实现.

美文引路

题目：假定你叫李华,你的同学张力即将转学去广州.现由你写一封便函给你们的朋友Tom,约他聚会.

内容要点如下：

(1)聚会时间：本周六下午3点15分；

(2)聚会地点：中山路225号,张力家；

(3)按下图所画路线告诉Tom怎样去张力家.

注意：内容包括说明部分和要点,词数不得少于80词.

思路导航

第1步：例文审题

第2步：列提纲

(1)列出事情原因；

(2)对去张力家的路线展开描述；

(3)进行总结.

第3步：参考词句

(1) leave for; get-together...

(2)difficult; on the left; crossing; across the street; turn right; opposite...

(3) look forward to; see...

第4步；连句成篇

Dear Tom,

Our friend Zhang Li will leave for Guangzhou to study. So we are going to have a get-together at 3:15 this Saturday afternoon.

He lives at No. 225 Zhongshan Street. It is not very difficult to find your way Street to his home. Take Bus No. 2, the stop of which is on the left of your school, and get off at the second crossing. There is a cinema across the street. Turn right at the corner, and you will find Zhongshan Street. Zhang Li's home is 200 meters down the street on the right. There is a post office opposite to Zhang Li's home.

Look forward to seeing you.

Yours,

Li Hua

参考译文

亲爱的汤姆：

我们的朋友张力将要去广州学习了.所以我们准备在本周六下午3点15分举办一个聚会.

他住在中山路225号.到他家的路并不是十分难找.乘坐2路公交车,车站在你学校的左边,然后在第二个十字路口下车.街对面有一个电影院.在拐角处右转,你就可以找到中山路.张力的家就在这条街往前200米的右边.张力家的对面有一个邮局.

期待见到你.

你的,

李华

 介绍路线 

范文1

Dear Alice,

Thanks for your letter. I am very happy that you can come by on Saturday. When you drive to my house, it's very easy to find the station. However, it is a little difficult after that, so here are some directions. After driving past the station, you can' t turn right into Garden Road, but turn left at the traffic light into Xinhua Street. There is a swimming pool on your left. Go straight ahead, pass the bank, and turn left into New Street. My house is opposite to the school

See you on Saturday.

Yours,

Amy

参考译文

亲爱的艾丽斯：

谢谢你的来信.我非常高兴你能在周六过来.你开车来我家时,会很容易找到车站的位置.然而,在那之后,会有点困难,所以下面是一些说明.在驶过车站后,你不要向右拐进入花园路,而是在交通灯处向左拐进新华街.在你的左手边有一个游泳池.继续直走,经过银行,然后向左拐进入新街.我家就在学校对面.

星期六见.

你的,

艾米

亮点词汇

1 come by来访；路过

2 direction / n.方向；说明

3 turn right 向右拐

4 straight /adj.笔直的adv.笔直地

5 opposite to在······对面

出彩句型

1 I am very happy that...我非常高兴···..·

2 It's very easy to...··..··很容易.

3 Here are some directions.下面是一些说明.

4 There is a swimming pool on your left.在你的左手边有一个游泳池.

5 My house is opposite to the school.我家在学校的对面.

高分点评

条理清楚、逻辑清晰、路线明确是文本的重要特点.本文介绍的路线虽有点复杂,但作者用其最简单的语言,将一幅清楚的路线图展示在我们面前.文章描写路线的句子均十分经典,如“turn right at...”“Go straight ahead”,指向性强且清楚.

范文2

Dear Mr. Black,

We are so glad that you're coming to join us on Sunday. Here is how you can find us. We' Il have our gathering party in the People's Park. Maybe you've been there before, haven't you?

Go straight on when you get out of the school gate and come to the street. Then turn right at the third crossing and you'll find a hotel. Just opposite it is the No. 7 bus stop. Take a bus and get off at the third stop. The People's Park is just across from the street. We' Il have our gathering party in a boat on the lake. What a funny thing!

Do come on time. We' Il wait for you at the park gate.

Yours,

Chen Fei

参考译文

亲爱的布莱克先生：

你星期天可以来参加我们的聚会,我们非常高兴.这是你找到我们的方法.我们将会在人民公园举行联谊聚会.可能你之前有到过那里,是不是?

你出了校园大门来到大街后,直走.然后在第三个路口向右拐,你将会看到一个旅馆.7路公交车站就在酒店对面.乘坐公交车,然后在第三站下车.人民公园就在马路对面.我们将会在湖上的一条小船上举行联谊聚会.多么有趣的事情啊！

请务必准时到达.我们将会在公园门口等你.

你的,

陈飞

亮点词汇

1 gathering party联谊聚会

2 maybe /adv.可能

3 go straight一直走

4 get out of...从······出来

5 get off 下车

6 across from...在······对面

出彩句型

1 We are so glad that...我们非常高兴···...

2 Go straight on when...当······之后,一直往前走.

3 Turn right at the third crossing and you'll find...在第三个十字路口往右拐,你可以找到······

4 Just opposite to it is...在它的对面就是······

5 What a funny thing!多么有趣的事情！

6 Do come on time.请务必准时到达.

7 across from在··...·对面

高分点评

本文是一篇事理说明文,以清晰的条理性、逻辑性、准确性介绍了到人民公园的路线.文章的结构完整,从事情原因到过程到结尾,样样俱全.文章的句子多彩多样,从反意疑问句、祈使句到感叹句、强调句,文章都有涉及,从侧面反映了作者对语言的驾驭能力.

介绍方法

范文1

How to Make Tomato Juice

Tomato juice is a kind of healthy drink. It tastes very good.

To make tomato juice, we only need to follow several easy steps. First of all, try to make sure that the tomatoes are clean and fresh. Next, we should put them in the hot water for a few minutes to make the skin loosen. Then, cut them into small pieces and press the juice out of them. Finally, add the juice with a little sugar.

A glass of nice tomato juice is made. Have a drink and enjoy yourselves.

参考译文

如何制作番茄果汁

番茄果汁是一种健康的饮料.它非常好喝.

制作番茄果汁,我们只需要遵循几个简单的步骤.首先,确保番茄是干净和新鲜的.接下来,我们要将它们放在热水里几分钟,让番茄皮松掉.然后,将它们切成小块,将果汁挤压出来.最后,往果汁里加入少量糖.

一杯好喝的番茄汁就做好了.喝一口,享受一下吧.

亮点词汇

1 healthy/adj.健康的

2 drink /n.饮料：喝

3 step /n.步骤；台阶

4 first of all 首先

5 loosen /v松弛；松开

6 press /v推；挤压

出彩句型

1 It tastes...它尝起来··....

2 We need to follow several steps.我们需要进行几个步骤.

3 Try to make sure that... 确保··..

4 add...with...往······加入·.....

5 Have a drink and enjoy yourselves. 喝一口,享受一下吧.

高分点评

生活化的选题是本文最大的成功之处,单是题目,就紧紧抓住了读者的眼球.文章介绍了番茄汁的制作过程,有条有理,形象生动.文章中一系列祈使句的运用,如“Try to make sure that...”“Cut them into small pieces”等构造了一种条理感,读起来朗朗上口,简单易记.

范文2

How to Protect the Environment

It's very important for us to protect the environment. Good environment can make people feel happy and fit. To improve the environment means to improve our life.

To begin with, we shouldn't cut trees down. Instead, we should plant more trees and flowers around us. Secondly, we should stop factories from pouring waste water into the river and waste gas into the air. And whenever we see litter on the ground, we should pick it up and throw it into dustbins, Never spit in public. Don't draw on public walls. We should also use shopping bags instead of plastic bags.

In a word, it's our duty to protect the environment. I hope our world will become more and more beautiful.

参考译文

如何保护环境

保护环境对我们来说是很重要的.好的环境可以让人们感到幸福健康.改善环境意味着改善我们的生活.

首先,我们不应该砍树.相反地,我们应该在我们周围种更多的树和花.其次,我们应该阻止工厂向河里倒废水,向空气里排放废气.无论何时我们见到地上有垃圾,我们都应该捡起来,将它扔进垃圾桶.不要在公众场合吐痰.不要在公共墙上画画.我们还应该使用购物袋,而不是塑料袋.

总之,保护环境是我们的责任.我希望我们的世界可以变得越来越美丽.

亮点词汇

1 protect /v.保护

2 fit/v.适应adj.健康的

3 to begin with 首先

4 instead /adv.相反地

5 dustbin /n.垃圾箱

6 in public在公众场合

出彩句型

1 It's very important for us to...做······,对我们来说很重要.

2 To improve the environment means to improve our life.改善环境意味着改善我们的生活.

3 We should stop...from...我们应该阻止······做···...

4 Never spit in public.不要在公众场合吐痰.

5 We can also use...instead of...我们还应该使用···.,而不是·...·

高分点评

保护环境本应是一个大问题,涉及社会生活的方方面面,但作者灵活地采用了以小见大的方法,从日常小事入手,从我们的身边生活入手,告诉人们应该如何保护环境,是一篇非常具有现实性的文章.句型的交错使用,是文章出彩的另一大原因,包括祈使句的使用、it形式主语句的使用等.