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山东省济南市历城第二中学2022-2023学年高二上学期入学考试英语试题含解析
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这是一份山东省济南市历城第二中学2022-2023学年高二上学期入学考试英语试题含解析，共29页。试卷主要包含了5分，满分7等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2022-2023学年度历城二中开学检测试卷
高二英语
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题;每题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. Who does the man think was screaming last night?
A. The woman. B. The neighbors’ baby. C. The woman’s friend.
2. What kind of TV show does the man usually watch on Tuesdays?
A. Sports. B. Travel. C. Quiz.
3. What did the man see?
A. A rabbit. B. A cat. C. A bird.
4. What are the speakers mainly talking about?
A. Their wedding day. B. A birthday party. C. A concert.
5. Where are the speakers?
A. Ina taxi. B. At an office. C. At the bus station.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
6. What season is it now?
A. Spring. B. Summer. C. Winter.
7. What is the woman’s favorite sport?
A. Tennis. B. Golf. C. Swimming.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
8. What is the relationship between the speakers?
A. Parent and child. B. Brother and sister. C. Teacher and student.
9. What subject will the woman help the man with?
A. Math. B. English. C. Geography.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
10. What does the man dislike about yogurt?
A. The taste. B. The smell. C. The thickness.
11. Which flavor of yogurt is the woman’s favorite?
A. Orange. B. Strawberry. C. Apple.
12. What is yogurt good for according to the woman?
A. The brain. B. The stomach. C. The eyes.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
13. Why does the woman think it is easier for children to learn a new language?
A. They watch a lot of TV.
B. They are smarter than adults.
C. They like to learn new things.
14. Why did the Italian woman forget her English?
A. She didn’t learn it well.
B. She didn’t use it for a long time.
C. She didn’t have good experiences in learning it.
15. What does the man think of speaking a foreign language?
A. It gets easier as you grow up.
B. It becomes easier if you use it a lot.
C. It is helpful in learning other subjects.
16. What language did the Dutch boy use to discuss art?
A. Italian. B. German. C. French.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
17. When did Beethoven pass away?
A. in 1827. B. In 1770. C. In 1756.
18. Why is Beethoven remembered today?
A. His music is still popular.
B. He worked hard to spread his music.
C. He made his works when he was deaf.
19. Who was Beethoven’s teacher?
A. Mozart. B. Haydn. C. Bach.
20. What is the nature of “The Romantic Period”?
A. Quiet and frank. B. Serious and exact. C. Wild and emotional.
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
New Jersey Botanical Garden Membership
It’s easy to join New Jersey Botanical Garden(NJBG) Membership or renew your membership online, by phone or by mail. And it’s so important to the Botanical Garden! Your membership dollars help to improve the Garden, and provide educational and recreational(娱乐的) activities for the general public. Thank you for your support!
To join or renew, please click on the appropriate section and membership category below for safe and convenient online payment processing by PayPal.
If you prefer to join by phone or mail, call the NJBG office at(973) 962-9534 or download and send in our membership brochure(Adobe Acrobat PDF file).
★Join NJBG Today
Membership Category
Individual
Dual(两人共用)
Student
Annual Dues
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Biennial Dues(两年会费)
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Membership Category
Individual
Dual
Student
Annual Dues
$30
$50
$25
Special: Save $5 with
Biennial Dues
$50
$80
$40
The Botanical Garden started life as Skylands, a large area in the grand manner. It is famous for a 44-room Tudor Revival granite mansion(公馆) designed by John Russell Pope. Skylands has 96 acres of formal and naturalized gardens and is surrounded by over 1,000 acres of meadows(草坪) and woodlands. Purchased by the State in 1966 and officially named as the New Jersey Botanical Garden in 1984, the gardens contain approximately 5,000 species and varieties of trees and flowers.
For you, the NJBG is an exciting and beautiful place to visit where you may enjoy each season’s best. Members enjoy special events, festivals, lectures, and rewarding educational opportunities for both city and country gardeners.
Your NJBG membership offers you discounts at participating nurseries, garden centers and other fine businesses. Simply present your NJBG membership card when beginning your purchase:
· Goffle Brook Farm and Garden Center,(201) 652-7540
10% off your purchase
· Metropolitan Plant Exchange,(973) 638-7613
12% off your purchase
· Rohsler’s Allendale Nursery & Florist,(201) 327-3156
15% off your purchase
1. The NJBG membership dollars can be used to ___________.
A. offer further education B. update online payment
C. provide better service D. protect the environment
2. To join NJBG membership, you can call its office at ___________.
A.(201) 327-3156 B.(201) 652-7540
C.(973) 962-9534 D.(973) 638-7613
3. To renew the one-year membership for your parents, you need to pay ___________.
A. $50 B. $60
C. $80 D. $100
4. New Jersey Botanical Garden ___________.
A. was officially named in 1966
B. was designed by John Russell Pope
C. invites members to organize activities
D. gives members discounts for their purchase
B
I have a younger brother. To me, he is a fourteen-year-old kid named Joe, with blond hair and blue eyes. To others, he is different. Where I see a kid who just needs a lot more attention, others see a mentally disabled boy, a kid who cannot walk or talk or think for himself. I see someone who just makes daily routine a bit less routine. Others see an annoyance, I a bother.
This is not to say that I have never felt resentful(怨恨的) toward Joe. He is my brother, and with that comes responsibility. “Gina, could you stay in tonight and watch your brother?” “Gina, do me a favor and feed him dinner and change his diaper(尿布) later, please?” “Could you come home right after school today and get Joe off the bus?”
These are phrases that I have heard since I was twelve. And sure, they have made me resent my brother to a certain extent. I would think: that’s not fair! Everyone else can stay after and be a member of this club, or get extra help from that teacher. Or, all my friends are going out tonight, why can’t I? And, how come I have to feed him? He is not my son!
However, the small amount of resentment I feel toward my brother is erased a thousand times over by what I have learned from him. Besides making me responsible from a young age, and helping me be more accepting of all kinds of people, he has taught me to be thankful for what I have.
I know that there are moments in my life that I should cherish and that Joe will never experience. He will never laugh so hard that he cries. He will never feel the glory of a straight-A report card. He will never comfort a best friend crying on his shoulder. And he will never know how much his family love him.
Because he will never know, it is up to me to know, every second, how lucky I am. It is up to me to realize that life should be lived to its fullest, and that you should always, always be grateful that God, or whoever are the powers that be, gave you the ability to live your life the way you were meant to live it.
5. We know from the first paragraph that Gina’s brother __________.
A. causes trouble to neighbours B. pays more attention to others
C. lives with mental disability D. considers daily routine a bother
6. If Mother asks Gina to look after her brother now, what will she probably answer?
A. I'm afraid not. B. No problem!
C. It depends. D. It’s not fair!
7. The passage intends to tell us that we should _____________.
A. value the glory of success B. appreciate what life gives us
C. comfort unfortunate people D. treasure meaningful moments
C
Does happiness have a scent?
When someone is happy, can you smell it?
You can usually tell when someone is happy based on seeing them smile, heating them laugh or perhaps from receiving a big hug. But can you also smell their happiness? Surprising new research suggests that happiness does indeed have a scent, and that the experience of happiness can be transmitted through smell, reports Phys.org.
For the study, 12 young men were shown videos meant to bring about a variety of emotions while researchers gathered sweat samples from them. All of the men were healthy and none of them were drug users or smokers, and all were asked to abstain from drinking or eating smelly foods during the study period.
Those sweat samples were then given to 36 equally healthy young women to smell, while researchers monitored their reactions. Only women were selected to smell the samples, apparently because previous research has shown that women have a better sense of smell than men and are also more sensitive to emotional signaling — though it's unclear why only men were chosen to produce the scents.
Researchers found that the behavior of the women after smelling the scents — particularly their facial expressions — indicated a relationship between the emotional states of the men who produced the sweat and the women who sniffed them.
“Human sweat produced when a person is happy brings about a state similar to happiness in somebody who breathes this smell,” said study co-author Gun Semin, a professor at Koc University in Turkey.
This is a fascinating finding because it not only means that happiness does have a scent, but that the scent is capable of transmitting the emotion to others. The study also found that other emotions, such as fear, seem to carry a scent too. This ensures previous research suggesting that some negative emotions have a smell, but it is the first time this has proved to be true of positive feelings.
Researchers have yet to isolate(分离) exactly what the chemical compound for the happiness smell is, but you might imagine what the potential applications for such a finding could be. Happiness perfumes, for instance, could be invented. Scent therapies (香味疗法) could also be developed to help people through depression or anxiety.
Perhaps the most surprising result of the study, however, is our broadened understanding of how emotions get communicated, and also how our own emotions are potentially managed through our social context and the emotional states of those around us.
8. What is the main finding of the new research?
A. Men produce more sweats.
B. Negative emotions have a smell.
C. Pleasant feelings can be smelt out.
D. Women have a better sense of smell.
9. The underlined part “abstain from” in Paragraph 3 probably means _______.
A. avoid B. practice
C. continue D. try
10. What is the application value of the new research?
A. Perfumes could help people understand each other.
B. Some smells could be developed to better our mood.
C. Perfumes could be produced to cure physical diseases.
D. Some smells could be created to improve our appearance.
11. We can learn from the last paragraph that _______.
A. happiness comes from a scent of sweat
B. positive energy can deepen understanding
C. people need more emotional communication
D. social surroundings can influence our emotions
D
As the world’s population grows, farmers will need to produce more and more food. And large farms are increasingly using precision farming to increase yields(产量), reduce waste, and reduce the economic and security risks that inevitably accompany agricultural uncertainty.
Traditional farming relies on managing entire fields — making decisions related to planting, harvesting, irrigating, and applying pesticides and fertilizer(农药和化肥) — based on regional conditions and historical data. Precision farming, by contrast, combines sensors, robots, GPS, mapping tools and data-analytics software to customize(量身定制) the care that plants receive without increasing labor. Robot-mounted sensors and camera-equipped drones(无人机) wirelessly send images and data on individual plants to a computer, which looks for signs of health and stress. Farmers receive the feedback in real time and then deliver water, pesticide or fertilizer in adjusted doses(剂量) to only the areas that need it. The technology can also help farmers decide when to plant and harvest crops.
As a result, precision farming can improve time management, reduce water and chemical use, and produce healthier crops and higher yields — all of which benefit farmers’ bottom lines and conserve resources while reducing chemical runoff.
Many small businesses are developing new software, sensors, and other tools for precision farming, as are large companies such as Monsanto, John Deere, Bayer, Dow and DuPont. The U.S. Department of Agriculture, NASA and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration all support precision farming, and many colleges now offer course work on the topic.
In a related development, seed producers are applying technology to improve plant characteristics. By following individual plants over time and analyzing which ones flourish in different conditions, companies can relate the plants’ response to their environments with their genomics(基因组学). That information, in turn, allows the companies to produce seed varieties that will grow well in specific soil and weather conditions. This advanced technology may also help to improve crop nutrition.
Farmers do not universally welcome precision agriculture for various reasons, such as high equipment costs and lack of access to the Internet. The technology may bring great challenges to experienced farmers who are not good at computers. And large systems will also be beyond the reach of many small farming operations in developing nations. But less expensive, simpler systems could potentially be applied. For others, though, cost savings in the long run may reduce the financial concerns. And however reticent some farmers may be to adopt new technology, the next generation of farmers are likely to warm to the approach.
12. Precision farming differs from traditional farming partly because it ________.
A. guarantees high yields with more labor
B. relies on regional conditions and historical data
C. offers plenty of water, pesticides and fertilizer
D. provides real time information about target crops
13. About precision farming, we can learn that ________.
A. the government holds a cautious attitude
B. it draws positive responses from businesses
C. seed producers have already made huge profits
D. large systems will soon be built in developing nations
14. The underlined word “reticent” in the last paragraph probably means ________.
A. disappointed B. confused
C. unwilling D. shocked
15. What is the best title for the passage?
A. Precision Farming Increases Crop Yields
B. More Challenges Faced by Modern Farmers
C. Development of Farming Systems in the U.S.
D. Traditional Farming is Gradually Disappearing
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，共12.5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中两项为多余选项。
Healthy See, Healthy Do
Visit the grocery store on an empty stomach, and you will probably come home with a few things you did not plan to buy. But hunger is not the only cause of additional purchases. The location of store displays(摆放) also influences our shopping choices.___16___
The checkout area is a particular hotspot for junk food. Studies have found that the products most commonly found there are sugary and salty snacks.___17___ A 2012 study in the Netherlands found that hospital workers were more likely to give up junk food for healthy snacks when the latter were more readily available on canteen shelves, for example. In 2014 Norwegian and Icelandic researchers also found that replacing unhealthy foods with healthy ones in the checkout area significantly increased last-minute sales of healthier foods.
___18___ It has been working with more than 1,000 store owners to encourage them to order and promote nutritious foods. “We know that the stores are full of cues(暗示) meant to encourage consumption,” says Tamar Adjoian, a research scientist at the department, “Making healthy foods more convenient or appealing can lead to increased sales of those products.”
Adjoian and her colleagues wondered if such findings would apply to their city’s crowded urban checkout areas, so they selected three Bronx supermarkets for their own study. ___19___ Then they recorded purchases over six three-hour periods in each store for two weeks.
Of the more than 2,100 shoppers they observed, just 4 percent bought anything from the checkout area. Among those who did, however, customers in the healthy lines purchased nutritious foods more than twice as often as those in the standard lines.___20___ The findings were reported in September in the Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior.
The potential influence may seem small, but Adjoian believes that changing more checkout lines would open customers’ eyes to nutritious, lower-calorie foods. Health department officials are now exploring ways to expand healthy options at checkout counters throughout New York City.
A. These foods give people more energy.
B. They bought unhealthy foods 40 percent less often.
C. And it may make or break some healthy eating habits.
D. The supermarkets began to offer nutritious, lower-calorie foods.
E. These findings caught the attention of New York City Department of Health.
F. They replaced candies and cookies with fruits and nuts near the checkout counter.
G. And a few studies have suggested that simply swapping in healthier options can change customer behavior.
第三部分 语言运用(共三节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I played a racquetball(壁球) game against my cousin Ed last week. It was one of the most ____21____ and tiring games I’ve ever had. When Ed first phoned and suggested we play, I laughed quietly, figuring on an ____22____ victory. After all, Ed’s idea of ____23____ has always been nothing more ____24____ than lifting a fork to his mouth. As long as I can remember, Ed’s been the least physically fit member in the family, and ____25____ proud of himself. His big stomach has always ballooned out between his T-shirt and trousers. Although the family often ____26____ about that, Ed refused to buy a ____27____ T-shirt or to lose weight. So when Ed ____28____ for our game not only with the bottom of his shirt gathered inside his trousers but also with a stomach you could hardly ____29____. I was so surprised that I was speechless. My cousin must have made an effort to get himself into shape. ____30____, at the point in our game when I’d have predicted(预计) the score to be about 9 to 1 in my favor, it was ____31____ 7 to 9-and Ed was ____32____. The sudden realization was painful. We continued to play like two mad men. When the score was 16 up, I was having serious ____33____ about staying alive until 21 years old, let alone ____34____ that many points. When the game finally ended, both of us were lying flat on our backs, too tired to move. In a way, I think we both won: I the game, but cousin Ed my ____35____.
21. A. encouraging B. hopeless C. surprising D. regular
22. A. unforgettable B. unexpected C. easy D. early
23. A. exercise B. preparation C. joy D. fitness
24. A. time-saving B. comfortable C. suitable D. effort-making
25. A. strangely B. personally C. reasonably D. eagerly
26. A. cared B. forgot C. quarreled D. joked
27. A. clean B. larger C. straight D. darker
28. A. set out B. got ready C. arrived D. returned
29. A. notice B. admire C. believe D. measure
30. A. After all B. As a result C. Above all D. At last
31. A. mistakenly B. then C. instead D. naturally
32. A. leading B. coming C. waiting D. counting
33. A. thoughts B. doubts C. situations D. problems
34. A. scoring B. completing C. receiving D. keeping
35. A. friendship B. respect C. support D. favor
第二节(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Varatha Shanmuganathan is an 87-year-old woman in India. She has become the ____36____ (old) person to get a Master’s degree at Canada’s York University. When she isn’t dancing or singing with her grandchildren, she’s busy ____37____ (realize) her many dreams.
This is not Shanmuganathan’s first Master’s degree. After earning her Bachelor’s degree, she returned to Sri Lanka ____38____ (teach) Indian history and English.
In 1990, she moved to London to teach English as a second language and received her first Master’s degree from the University of London.
When she found out the university offered free tuition ____39____ senior citizens, Shanmuganathan said she ____40____ (immediate) knew it was her last chance to make her dream of studying political science come true. She began her studies in 2019 and ____41____ (continue) throughout the pandemic(流行病).
“She will act as a powerful role model for ____42____ (woman) of all ages,” York University President Rhonda Lenton said.
Despite her achievements, Shanmuganathan said she is not quite finished yet in ____43____ (educate). Her next plan is to write ____44____ book about post-war Sri Lanka.
“Find out what you really want to achieve and pursue it until the end. Think of something _____45_____ not only interests you, but is also beneficial to others. Go on after it, get it, do it, achieve it,” Shanmuganathan said.
第三节 单词拼写(共5小题;每小题1分，满分5分)
46. A good idea just o______ to me all at once.
occurred/ccurred
考查动词和一般过去时。句意：我突然想到一个好主意。结合首字母提示及句意，此处用“出现，发生”含义，动词occur“出现，发生”，为不及物动词，短语：occur to sb.“某人突然想到”，根据句意，此处表示发生在过去的动作，所以时态用一般过去时。故填occurred。
47. The data should be ________ (更新) once a week.
updated
考查过去分词。句意：数据应该每周更新一次。根据句意及汉语提示可知，此处使用动词update，与主语data是被动关系，应用被动语态，结合should be可知，谓语用should be done形式，此处应用过去分词表被动。故填updated。
48. I try to______ (使……信服) him of the reality of the danger.
convince
考查动词。句意：我试图使他相信危险的现实。根据中文提示“使……信服”和动词前的不定式可知，这里用动词原词。故填convince。
49. In some developing countries, more and more people are settling down in_____ (城市的) areas.
urban
考查形容词。句意：在一些发展中国家，越来越多的人定居在城市地区。根据中文提示“城市的”可知，这里用形容词形式。故填urban。
50. You need to be more ______ (灵活的) and imaginative in your approach.
flexible
考查形容词。句意：你需要更多的灵活的和富有想象力的方法。根据提示及空前的more可知，用形容词flexible作表语。故填flexible。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假定你是李华，你的家乡今年新建了一个中国民俗文化主题公园，请给你的留学生好友Mike写封邮件，邀请他一同来公园参观，内容包括：
1. 时间、地点；2. 参观内容：了解中国民俗文化，体验民间艺术等；3. 注意事项。
参考词汇：中国民俗文化主题公园Chinese folk culture theme park
注意：
1. 词数100左右；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Mike,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节 读后续写（满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Fiona Simpson, 23, was on her way home. She was driving on the D'Aguilar Highwav in Queensland, Australia, It was a long, lonely road, but she had company at least. Her 78-year-old grandmother and four-month-old daughter were with her for the journey.
Clouds started to roll in overhead. Fiona hadn't bothered to listen to the weather report that morning. Mostly because she had expected to arrive home before any sort of downpour hit. As she drove down the D’Aguilar Highway, however, the slight pattering(拍打) of rain began to beat into an angry drum beat upon the roof of the car.
Even though she had been driving quite slowly, she could hardly see the lines in the road. The pouring rain soon became so heavy that her windshield wipers(雨刮器) couldn't keep up. Fiona knew that her only option was to pull the car onto the side of the road until the bad weather lessened.
She stopped the car when suddenly she heard a sound that completely shocked her. The loud bang came from behind her, right near the window where her daughter sat. The glass of the window was broken, and a moment later she discovered that something equally sharp and dangerous was hitting her child.
It was hailstones（冰雹）, nearly golf-ball-sized chunks of ice falling from the sky. Hailstones can cause serious damage. Even cattle can be killed as well if they do not seek shelter. Fiona dived into the back seat and tried to form a human shield(挡板) over the baby. Meanwhile, the hailstone was battering the roof of the car so loudly that she couldn't even hear the child crying beneath her.
Queensland had apparently been hit with a super-cell storm that resulted in tennis-ball-sized hailstones. Soon, even Grandma was being battered with the same falling ice. Fiona moved towards the front, still holding her baby in her arms, and tried to shield Grandma as well. Fiona found them caught right in the middle of the storm with nowhere to hide.
注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
At this time, a truck pulled off beside them.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
After quite a long time, the storm passed.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
#######################
1. C 2. C 3. A 4. D
本文是一则广告，文章介绍了办理NJBG会员的费用、程序、联系方式和好处。
1. 细节理解题。根据第一段中的Your membership dollars help to improve the Garden, and provide educational and recreational(娱乐的) activities for the general public.可知，你的会员美元有助于改善花园，并为公众提供教育和娱乐活动。由此可知，NJBG会员美元可以用来提供更好的服务。故C项正确。
2. 细节理解题。根据第三段If you prefer to join by phone or mail, call the NJBG office at(973) 962-9534 or download and send in our membership brochure(Adobe Acrobat PDF file).可知，如果您想通过电话或邮件加入，请致电NJBG办公室(973)962-9534或下载并发送我们的会员手册（Adobe Acrobat PDF文件）。故C项正确。
3. 细节理解题。根据Renew Your Membership表格中Annual Dues一栏对应的Dual数值是$50可知，为父母续签一年的会员资格需要花费$50。故A项正确。
4. 细节理解题。根据最后部分中10% off your purchase，12% off your purchase和15% off your purchase可知，新泽西植物园在会员购买时能够打折。故D项正确。
5. C 6. B 7. B
这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者在本文中介绍了自己的弟弟Joe天生残疾，作者花很多时间和精力照顾他，弟弟让作者学会了责任，弟弟让作者学会了要对自己所拥有的事物心存感激之情。
5. 细节理解题。根据第一段“Where I see a kid who just needs a lot more attention, others see a mentally disabled boy, a kid who cannot walk or talk or think for himself.（我看到的是一个需要更多关注的孩子，而其他人看到的是一个智障男孩，一个不能走路、说话或独立思考的孩子。）”可知，作者的弟弟是一个精神残疾的儿童。故选C项。
6. 推理判断题。根据第四段“Besides making me responsible from a young age, and helping me be more accepting of all kinds of people, he has taught me to be thankful for what I have.（除了从小培养我的责任感，帮助我更能接受各种各样的人，他还教会我要对自己所拥有的一切心存感激。）”可知，Joe让作者学会了很多，那么可以推测出下次妈妈再让吉娜照顾他弟弟的时候，肯定不会推辞。故选B项。
7. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“It is up to me to realize that life should be lived to its fullest, and that you should always, always be grateful that God, or whoever are the powers that be, gave you the ability to live your life the way you were meant to live it.”（我应该意识到生活应该充实，你应该永远，永远感激上帝，或者任何有能力的人，赋予你能力，让你按照自己想要的方式生活。）以及全文内容可知，作者在本文中介绍了自己的弟弟Joe天生残疾，作者花很多时间和精力照顾他，弟弟让作者学会了责任，弟弟让作者学会了要对自己所拥有的事物心存感激之情。所以作者通过这篇文章要告诉我们要感激生活给与我们的一切。故选B项。
8. C 9. A 10. B 11. D
这是一篇说明文。通过研究发现，快乐是能被闻出来的。
8. 细节理解题。根据第二段“Surprising new research suggests that happiness does indeed have a scent, and that the experience of happiness can be transmitted through smell, reports Phys.org.”可知，令人惊讶的新研究表明，幸福确实有一种气味，幸福的体验可以通过气味来传递，报告说Phys.org网站。所以研究的发现是愉快的感觉能够被闻出来。故选C。
9. 词句猜测题。根据第三段“All of the men were healthy and none of them were drug users or smokers”可知，所有的男性都很健康，没有一个是吸毒者或吸烟者。当时研究者是需要参加实验的人员不能喝酒和吃味道大的食物以免影响了研究的结果。所以划线词的意思是“避免”的意思。故选A。
10. 细节理解题。根据文章第八段中的“Happiness perfumes, for instance, could be invented. Scent therapies could also be developed to help people through depression or anxiety”可知，比如，可以发明幸福香水。气味疗法也可以用来帮助人们克服抑郁或焦虑。所以这个研究可以应用到香水的使用方面，所以新研究的应用价值是香水可以用来治疗身体疾病。故选B正确。
11. 推理判断题。根据对文章最后一段中“our own emotions are potentially managed through our social context and the emotional states of those around us”我们自己的情绪是如何通过我们的社会环境和周围人的情绪状态来管理的。可推断社会的环境会影响到我们个人的情绪，故选D。
12. D 13. B 14. C 15. A
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要向我们说明了精准农业提高产量，减少浪费，降低伴随着农业不确定性不可避免地的经济和安全风险。
12. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Traditional farming relies on managing entire fields — making decisions related to planting, harvesting, irrigating, and applying pesticides and fertilizer(农药和化肥) — based on regional conditions and historical data.”（传统农业依赖于对整个农田的管理——根据地区条件和历史数据作出与种植、收获、灌溉和施用农药和化肥有关的决策。）；根据文章第三段“Precision farming, by contrast, combines sensors, robots, GPS, mapping tools and data-analytics software to customize(量身定制) the care that plants receive without increasing labor.”（相比之下，精准农业结合了传感器、机器人、GPS、地图工具和数据分析软件，在不增加劳动力的情况下量身定制植物所接受的照料。）通过对比可知，精准农业不同于传统农业的部分原因在于它利用科技，实时获取目标作物的信息，量身定制植物所接受的照料。故选D项。
13. 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Many small businesses are developing new software, sensors, and other tools for precision farming, as are large companies such as Monsanto, John Deere, Bayer, Dow and DuPont. The U.S. Department of Agriculture, NASA and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration all support precision farming, and many colleges now offer course work on the topic.”（许多小企业正在开发新的软件、传感器和其他用于精确农业的工具，像孟山都、约翰迪尔、拜耳、陶氏化学和杜邦等大公司也是如此。美国农业部、美国国家航空航天局和美国国家海洋和大气管理局都支持精准农业，现在许多大学都开设了这方面的课程。）市场上很多公司在开发应用于精准农业的软件和工具，从他们的反映和行动来看，精准农业得到了商业的积极响应。故选B项。
14. 词义猜测题。根据文章最后一段“Farmers do not universally welcome precision agriculture for various reasons, such as high equipment costs and lack of access to the Internet. The technology may bring great challenges to experienced farmers who are not good at computers.”（由于设备成本高、无法上网等原因，农民并不普遍欢迎精准农业。该技术可能会给不擅长计算机的有经验的农民带来巨大的挑战。）可知目前大多数农民是不喜欢精准农业的；根据文章“And however reticent some farmers may be to adopt new technology, the next generation of farmers are likely to warm to the approach.”（尽管有些农民可能会reticent采用新技术，下一代农民可能会倾向于采取这种做法。）由however“尽管”和the next generation of farmers are likely to warm to the approach“下一代农民可能会倾向于采取这种做法”可知however后面表示的是与“the next generation of farmers are likely to warm to the approach（下一代农民可能会倾向于采取这种做法）”相反的事情，即有些农民可能会不愿意采用新技术，这个与本段前面所说的“Farmers do not universally welcome precision agriculture”（农民并不普遍欢迎精准农业）相吻合。即可推知reticent意为“不愿意”。故选C项。
15. 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“And large farms are increasingly using precision farming to increase yields(产量), reduce waste, and reduce the economic and security risks that inevitably accompany agricultural uncertainty.”（大型农场越来越多地使用精准农业来提高产量，减少浪费，降低伴随着农业不确定性的不可避免地经济和安全风险。）可知文章开头提出精准农业提高产量，减少浪费和降低经济和安全风险这样一个观点，文章后面段落一直在围绕这个观点说明其原理。故A选项“Precision Farming Increases Crop Yields”（精准农业增加作物产量）可作为文章标题，故选A项。
16. C 17. G 18. E 19. F 20. B
这是一篇说明文。文章用几个实验向我们证明了商店里商品的摆放位置，特别是结账处附近的商品摆放会影响我们购物的选择。所以健康部门和专家都呼吁将健康食品放在这些地方，提高大家对健康食品的关注度。
16. 空格位于首段最后一句。空格前一句句意为：店内商品的摆放位置也会影响购物的选择。选项C中的it与上句话中的“The location”可形成指代关系，并且“make or break some healthy eating habits”与文章主题（Healthy See, Healthy Do看到的健康的，买的就是健康的）呼应。故选C。
17. 空格位于段中。空格前句意为：结账处摆放的商品经常是糖或者咸的零食。空格后的两个举例都是强调如果购物者看到的经常是健康食品的话，他们会更多的选择健康食品。由此可推知，空格处应该是强调换一下摆放在结账处的食品的重要性。选项G中的“simply swapping in healthier options can change customer behavior（简单地将垃圾食品换成健康一点的食品能改变顾客的购物行为）”与这一语境呼应，起到承上启下的作用。故选G。
18. 空格位于段首。由本段中的“a research scientist at the department”可知，前边应该出现过department，选项E中的“Department of Health”与之呼应。故选E。
19. 空格位于段中。分析文章结构，第四段和第五段主要讲述Adjoian和她同事们做的试验。空格前句意为：为了证明把健康食品放在收银处，是不是影响拥挤的市区内的顾客的购买行为，他们选择了三家超市。空格后句意为：他们连续三周每天分六次每次三小时记录购买情况。可以推知，中间一句话应该是实验的设置方式。选项F中的“They replaced candies and cookies with fruits and nuts near the checkout counter（他们把收银处附近的糖和饼干换成了水果和坚果）”与这个试验的目的一致。故选F。
20. 空格位于段中。这一段讲述Adjoian和她同事们做的试验的结果。由空格后的these findings可知，前边至少有两项发现。空格前句意为：在那些在收银处买了东西的人当中，站在健康食品队列的人比站在不健康食品队列的人买了多于两倍的东西。这是一个发现，选项B中的“They bought unhealthy foods 40 percent less often.（他们买不健康食品的概率也降低了40%。）”与上一句句式接近，并且表达的是与上一句意思一致的一个发现，又与下句中的“these findings”呼应。故选B。
21. C 22. C 23. A 24. D 25. A 26. D 27. B 28. C 29. A 30. B 31. C 32. A 33. B 34. A 35. B
这是一篇记叙文。记叙了兄弟俩的一场球赛，作者的表弟Ed曾经是个很胖的人，所以当表弟邀请作者打球时作者以为会轻松取胜。结果表弟到了作者才发现他的身材有了很大的变化。最后比赛结果是作者赢得了比赛，但Ed却赢得了作者的尊重。
21. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是我打过的最令人惊讶和最累人的比赛之一。A. encouraging鼓励的；B. hopeless绝望的；C. surprising令人惊讶的，意外的；D. regular定期的。根据下文“at the point in our game when I’d have predicted(预计) the score to be about 9 to l in my favor, it was ___11___ 7 to 9”原以为可以轻易取胜的比赛，后来出现的比赛场面竟十分出乎以外，让人大为惊奇（surprising）。故选C。
22. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当Ed第一次打来电话，建议我们一起玩的时候，我静静地笑了，以为会轻松取胜。A. unforgettable难忘的；B. unexpected意外的；C. easy容易的；D. early早的。根据前句说的“I laughed quietly”可推知作者以为是一场很容易（easy）打赢的比赛。故选C。
23. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Ed 关于锻炼的想法只不过就像把叉子送到嘴里一样不费力。A. exercise锻炼；B. preparation准备；C. joy快乐；D. fitness健康。根据下文“Ed’s been the least physically fit member in the family”可知，Ed不太健康，由此推知他最不想锻炼。故选A。
24. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Ed 关于锻炼的想法只不过就像把叉子送到嘴里一样不费力。A. time-saving省时的；B. comfortable舒服的；C. suitable合适的；D. effort-making费力的。此处的语境是（注意作者对Ed在体力方面的轻视）：Ed关于锻炼的想法只不过就像把叉子送到嘴里一样不费力。effort-making意为“费劲的”。故选D。
25. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：从我记事起，Ed就一直是家里身体最不健康的人，奇怪的是，他还为自己感到骄傲。A. strangely奇怪地；B. personally亲自地；C. reasonably合理地；D. eagerly急切地。结合空后“proud of himself”，虽然Ed体力状况在一家人中最差，但他却奇怪地（strangely）为自己感到骄傲。故选A。
26. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然家人经常拿这个开玩笑，但Ed拒绝买大一号的T恤或减肥。A. cared关心；B. forgot忘记；C. quarreled争吵；D. joked开玩笑。根据前文“His big stomach has always ballooned out between his T-shirt and trousers”及空后“about that”，that指他的大肚子，由于Ed太胖，他的肚子就像一只气球，所以家人经常就此开他的玩笑（joke about that）。故选D。
27. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然家人经常拿这个开玩笑，但Ed拒绝买大一号的T恤或减肥。A. clean干净的；B. larger更大的；C. straight直的；D. darker更黑的。上文讲到“His big stomach has always ballooned out between his T-shirt and trousers（他的大肚子总是像一只气球一样突出在汗衫与长裤之间）”，这说明他的T-shirt不够大。故选B。
28. 考查动词和动词短语辨析。句意：所以，当Ed来参加我们的比赛时，他的衬衣扎在裤子里，肚子几乎让人看不出来，我惊讶得说不出话来。A. set out出发；B. got ready准备好；C. arrived到达；D. returned返回。结合后文描述Ed的身材变化可知，Ed 身材的变化应是在他到来（arrived）之际才能发现。故选C。
29. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以，当Ed来参加我们的比赛时，他的衬衣扎在裤子里，肚子几乎让人看不出来，我惊讶得说不出话来。A. notice注意到；B. admire钦佩；C. believe相信；D. measure测量。此句主要是描述作者注意到的Ed身材的变化：他的衬衣扎在裤子里，肚子几乎让人看不出来（a stomach you could hardly notice）。故选A。
30. 考查短语辨析。句意：结果，在我们比赛的时候，我本以为比分会是9比1对我有利，结果却变成了7比9，Ed领先。A. After all毕竟；B. As a result结果；C. Above all首先；D. At last终于。因后面的内容讲的正是Ed因改变体形而在比赛中曾一度领先，故选as a result。故选B。
31. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：结果，在我们比赛的时候，我本以为比分会是9比1对我有利，结果却变成了7比9，Ed领先。A. mistakenly错误地；B. then然后；C. instead相反；D. naturally自然地。作者原认为会9：1自己领先，而结果却是7：9，故用instead表示后者取代了前者。故选C。
32. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：结果，在我们比赛的时候，我本以为比分会是9比1对我有利，结果却变成了7比9，Ed领先。A. leading导先，领导；B. coming来到；C. waiting等待；D. counting要紧。根据下文“The sudden realization was painful”说明比赛的结果不是像作者的那样自己领先，而是Ed领先。故选A。
33. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当比分上升到16分时，我对自己能否活到21岁产生了严重的怀疑，更别说能得那么多分了。A. thoughts想法；B. doubts怀疑；C. situations情况；D. problems问题。此处的语境是：当比分达到16平时，作者便怀疑自己能否活到21岁。这充分说明比赛的激烈程度以及作者的疲惫程度。故选B。
34. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当比分上升到16分时，我对自己能否活到21岁产生了严重的怀疑，更别说能得那么多分了。A. scoring得分；B. completing完成；C. receiving收到；D. keeping保持。根据后文“that many points”可知此处指得分。故选A。
35. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在某种程度上，我认为我们都赢了：我赢了比赛，但Ed表弟赢得了我的尊重。A. friendship友谊；B. respect尊重；C. support支持；D. favor帮助。从文篇的前半部分可知，作者蔑视Ed。但比赛的事实教育了他，使他对Ed另眼相看，其情感色彩正与过去相反：尊敬（respect）。故选B。
36. oldest
37. realizing
38. to teach
39. to
40. immediately
41. continued
42. women
43. education
44. a
45. that
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍87岁的Varatha Shanmuganathan在老年时学习经历，及对我们学习方面的积极影响。
36. 考查形容词最高级。句意：她已成为在加拿大约克大学获得硕士学位最年长的人。根据句意及空前的定冠词the可知，此处表示“最年长的人”，故用形容词最高级，作定语，修饰名词person，故填oldest。
37. 考查动名词。句意：当她不和孙子孙女一起跳舞或唱歌时，她正忙于实现她的许多梦想。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处考查短语be busy doing sth.，表示“忙于做某事”。设空处故用动名词，故填realizing。
38. 考查不定式。句意：获得学士学位后，她回到斯里兰卡教授印度史和英语。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处考查短语return sp. to do sth.，表示“回到某地做某事”故用不定式，做目的状语，故填to teach。
39. 考查介词。句意：当她发现大学为老年人提供免费学费时，Shanmuganathan说，她马上就知道了，这是她实现学习政治学梦想的最后机会。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处考查短语offer sth. to sb.，表示“为某人提供某物”，故填to。
40. 考查副词。句意：当她发现大学为老年人提供免费学费时，Shanmuganathan说，她马上就知道了，这是她实现学习政治学梦想的最后机会。根据句意及句子结构可知，设空处应填副词immediately，作状语，故填immediately。
41. 考查时态。句意：她于2019年开始学习，并在整个大流行期间继续学习。根据并列连词and及时间状语in 2019可知，时态是一般过去时。设空处与began并列，作谓语，设空处应变过去式。故填continued。
42. 考查名词的数。句意：约克大学校长Rhonda Lenton说：“她将成为所有年龄段女性的强大榜样”。根据句意及of all ages可知，此处表示“所有年龄段的女性”，设空处应填可数名词复数，故填women。
43. 考查名词。句意：尽管她取得了成就，但Shanmuganathan说她在教育方面还没有完全完成。根据句意及句子结构可知，设空处应填名词education，作介词in的宾语，故填education。
44. 考查冠词。句意：她的下一个计划是写一本关于战后斯里兰卡的书。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处表示“写一本书”，故用不定冠词。book是以辅音音素开头，故填a。
45. 考查定语从句。句意：想想一些不仅让你感兴趣，而且对他人有益的事情。根据句意及句子结构可知，本句是定语从句，缺少的引导词指代先行词something，并在从句中作主语，故填that。
Dear Mike,
I can’t wait to share a piece of good news with you. A Chinese folk culture theme park has just been built in my hometown. I think this is a great chance for you to learn more about Chinese culture, so I’d like to invite you to visit the park with me.
We can meet at the bus station at 8 next Saturday morning and then set off for there. During the visit, we will learn about Chinese folk culture and experience various forms of folk art, through which we can see Chinese history changes and great society development, especially Chinese countryside. When we visit it, we had better behave well and follow the related rules and order. Don’t smoke, make noises or throw rubbish anywhere. I am sure you can harvest and benefit from this visit.
Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours,
Lihua
本篇书面表达属于提纲类作文，要求考生写一封邮件，邀请留学生好友Mike参观中国民俗文化主题公园，并介绍见面的时间和地点、参观内容和注意事项。
第一步：审题
体裁：应用文
时态：根据提示，时态应为一般现在时和一般将来时。个别表达需要用到现在完成时。
结构：三段式：第一段写出写信目的，引出主题；第二段写出具体内容，包括见面的时间和地点、参观内容和注意事项；第三段期待收到对方的回复。
要求：1. 表明写信的目的
2. 介绍见面的时间和地点、参观内容和注意事项
3. 表明期待收到对方的回复
第二步：列提纲（重点单词及词组）
can’t wait to sth.（迫不及待做某事）；share sth. with sb（与某人分享某物）；invite sb. to do sth.（邀请某人做某事）；set off（动身，出发）；learn about（了解）；various forms of…（各种形式的……）；development（发展）；especially（尤其）；behave（表现）；follow the rules（遵守规则）；make noises（制造噪音）；throw rubbish（扔垃圾）；harvest（收获）；benefit from（从……收益）；look forward to…（期待，盼望）；reply（答复）
第三步：连词成句
1. I can’t wait to share a piece of good news with you.
2. I think this is a great chance for you to learn more about Chinese culture.
3. I’d like to invite you to visit the park with me.
4. We can meet at the bus station at 8 next Saturday morning.
5. We will learn about Chinese folk culture and experience various forms of folk art.
6. We had better behave well and follow the related rules and order.
7. Don’t smoke, make noises or throw rubbish anywhere.
8. I am sure you can harvest and benefit from this visit.
9. Looking forward to your early reply.
根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）
1. 表文章结构顺序：first of all; to begin with; firstly/first; secondly/second… ; and then（本篇文章使用过）; finally; in the end; at last
2. 表并列补充关系：What’s more; besides; moreover; furthermore; in addition; additionally; not only… but also…; as well as; both…and…
3. 表转折对比关系：but; however; on the contrary; instead; although; in spite of; on the one hand…, on the other hand…; some…, while others…
4. 表因果关系：because; because of; for; so（本篇文章使用过）; since; thus; therefore; as a result; why
5. 表总结：in short; in a word; in conclusion; in summary; all in all; generally speaking
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。
第五步：润色修改
根据写作内容需要，加入高级句式，如名词性从句，定语从句，状语从句等。
During the visit, we will learn about Chinese folk culture and experience various forms of folk art. 本句用来介绍参观的具体内容。可以使用定语从句，进一步介绍通过参观，可以学习到什么。润色修改为：During the visit, we will learn about Chinese folk culture and experience various forms of folk art, through which we can see Chinese history changes and great society development, especially Chinese countryside.
范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。作者在范文中合理使用了复合句，如：During the visit, we will learn about Chinese folk culture and experience various forms of folk art, through which we can see Chinese history changes and great society development, especially Chinese countryside. 这句话为which引导的定语从句；其次，使用了一些固定句型，如：can’t wait to sth.; invite sb. to do sth.; share sth. with sb等，使语言更加丰富；同时使用了一些高级词汇及短语，如development; harvest; throw rubbish; behave等，让语言更加地道。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。
At this time, a truck pulled off beside them. Aware that the people were trapped in the sudden extreme weather, two men on the truck immediately got off and offered to help. They firstly tried to took the crying baby out of the car by sheltering him from hailstones with a protective plate. Shortly after settling the baby on the backseat of the truck safely, they continued to transfer Fiona and her grandmother to their truck. They were told to stay there to wait for the storm to stop.
After quite a long time, the storm passed. All of people on the truck felt relieved. With the help of two men, they got off. Faced up with her own car, whose windows had been seriously damaged, Fiona called for rescue and waited for help. It was not until they were picked up by the rescue workers that the two men drove off. In spite of the terrible experience, Fiona felt so lucky and grateful for the kind act from the strangers.
本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了23岁的Fiona Simpson带着78岁的奶奶和4个月的女儿在回家路上，遇到冰雹袭击。正在危难之际，一辆卡车停下来，司机帮助她们脱离困境的故事。
1. 段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“这时，一辆卡车停在他们旁边。”可知，第一段可描写卡车司机帮助营救他们。
②由第二段首句内容“过了很长一段时间，暴风雨过去了。”可知，第二段可描写雨过之后，Fiona Simpson等人安全回家，并十分感激营救者。
2. 续写线索：下车——帮助——紧急（立刻）——营救（弄出来）——离开——感谢——感悟
3. 词汇激活
行为类
①帮助：help/assist
②弄出来：take…out/get…out
③离开：drive off/leave/go away
情绪类
①立刻（紧急）：immediately/at once/right away
②感谢：show her gratitude/feel grateful
高分句型1：Faced up with her own car, whose windows had been seriously damaged, Fiona called for rescue and waited for help.（运用了非谓语过去分词作状语和whose引导的非限制性定语从句）
高分句型2：It was not until they were picked up by the rescue workers that the two men drove off.（运用了强调句型）
2022-2023学年度历城二中开学检测试卷
高二英语
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题;每题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. Who does the man think was screaming last night?
A. The woman. B. The neighbors’ baby. C. The woman’s friend.
2. What kind of TV show does the man usually watch on Tuesdays?
A. Sports. B. Travel. C. Quiz.
3. What did the man see?
A. A rabbit. B. A cat. C. A bird.
4. What are the speakers mainly talking about?
A. Their wedding day. B. A birthday party. C. A concert.
5. Where are the speakers?
A. Ina taxi. B. At an office. C. At the bus station.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
6. What season is it now?
A. Spring. B. Summer. C. Winter.
7. What is the woman’s favorite sport?
A. Tennis. B. Golf. C. Swimming.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
8. What is the relationship between the speakers?
A. Parent and child. B. Brother and sister. C. Teacher and student.
9. What subject will the woman help the man with?
A. Math. B. English. C. Geography.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
10. What does the man dislike about yogurt?
A. The taste. B. The smell. C. The thickness.
11. Which flavor of yogurt is the woman’s favorite?
A. Orange. B. Strawberry. C. Apple.
12. What is yogurt good for according to the woman?
A. The brain. B. The stomach. C. The eyes.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
13. Why does the woman think it is easier for children to learn a new language?
A. They watch a lot of TV.
B. They are smarter than adults.
C. They like to learn new things.
14. Why did the Italian woman forget her English?
A. She didn’t learn it well.
B. She didn’t use it for a long time.
C. She didn’t have good experiences in learning it.
15. What does the man think of speaking a foreign language?
A. It gets easier as you grow up.
B. It becomes easier if you use it a lot.
C. It is helpful in learning other subjects.
16. What language did the Dutch boy use to discuss art?
A. Italian. B. German. C. French.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
17. When did Beethoven pass away?
A. in 1827. B. In 1770. C. In 1756.
18. Why is Beethoven remembered today?
A. His music is still popular.
B. He worked hard to spread his music.
C. He made his works when he was deaf.
19. Who was Beethoven’s teacher?
A. Mozart. B. Haydn. C. Bach.
20. What is the nature of “The Romantic Period”?
A. Quiet and frank. B. Serious and exact. C. Wild and emotional.
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
New Jersey Botanical Garden Membership
It’s easy to join New Jersey Botanical Garden(NJBG) Membership or renew your membership online, by phone or by mail. And it’s so important to the Botanical Garden! Your membership dollars help to improve the Garden, and provide educational and recreational(娱乐的) activities for the general public. Thank you for your support!
To join or renew, please click on the appropriate section and membership category below for safe and convenient online payment processing by PayPal.
If you prefer to join by phone or mail, call the NJBG office at(973) 962-9534 or download and send in our membership brochure(Adobe Acrobat PDF file).
★Join NJBG Today
Membership Category
Individual
Dual(两人共用)
Student
Annual Dues
$35
$60
$25
Special: Save $5 with
Biennial Dues(两年会费)
$60
$100
$40
★Renew Your Membership
Membership Category
Individual
Dual
Student
Annual Dues
$30
$50
$25
Special: Save $5 with
Biennial Dues
$50
$80
$40
The Botanical Garden started life as Skylands, a large area in the grand manner. It is famous for a 44-room Tudor Revival granite mansion(公馆) designed by John Russell Pope. Skylands has 96 acres of formal and naturalized gardens and is surrounded by over 1,000 acres of meadows(草坪) and woodlands. Purchased by the State in 1966 and officially named as the New Jersey Botanical Garden in 1984, the gardens contain approximately 5,000 species and varieties of trees and flowers.
For you, the NJBG is an exciting and beautiful place to visit where you may enjoy each season’s best. Members enjoy special events, festivals, lectures, and rewarding educational opportunities for both city and country gardeners.
Your NJBG membership offers you discounts at participating nurseries, garden centers and other fine businesses. Simply present your NJBG membership card when beginning your purchase:
· Goffle Brook Farm and Garden Center,(201) 652-7540
10% off your purchase
· Metropolitan Plant Exchange,(973) 638-7613
12% off your purchase
· Rohsler’s Allendale Nursery & Florist,(201) 327-3156
15% off your purchase
1. The NJBG membership dollars can be used to ___________.
A. offer further education B. update online payment
C. provide better service D. protect the environment
2. To join NJBG membership, you can call its office at ___________.
A.(201) 327-3156 B.(201) 652-7540
C.(973) 962-9534 D.(973) 638-7613
3. To renew the one-year membership for your parents, you need to pay ___________.
A. $50 B. $60
C. $80 D. $100
4. New Jersey Botanical Garden ___________.
A. was officially named in 1966
B. was designed by John Russell Pope
C. invites members to organize activities
D. gives members discounts for their purchase
B
I have a younger brother. To me, he is a fourteen-year-old kid named Joe, with blond hair and blue eyes. To others, he is different. Where I see a kid who just needs a lot more attention, others see a mentally disabled boy, a kid who cannot walk or talk or think for himself. I see someone who just makes daily routine a bit less routine. Others see an annoyance, I a bother.
This is not to say that I have never felt resentful(怨恨的) toward Joe. He is my brother, and with that comes responsibility. “Gina, could you stay in tonight and watch your brother?” “Gina, do me a favor and feed him dinner and change his diaper(尿布) later, please?” “Could you come home right after school today and get Joe off the bus?”
These are phrases that I have heard since I was twelve. And sure, they have made me resent my brother to a certain extent. I would think: that’s not fair! Everyone else can stay after and be a member of this club, or get extra help from that teacher. Or, all my friends are going out tonight, why can’t I? And, how come I have to feed him? He is not my son!
However, the small amount of resentment I feel toward my brother is erased a thousand times over by what I have learned from him. Besides making me responsible from a young age, and helping me be more accepting of all kinds of people, he has taught me to be thankful for what I have.
I know that there are moments in my life that I should cherish and that Joe will never experience. He will never laugh so hard that he cries. He will never feel the glory of a straight-A report card. He will never comfort a best friend crying on his shoulder. And he will never know how much his family love him.
Because he will never know, it is up to me to know, every second, how lucky I am. It is up to me to realize that life should be lived to its fullest, and that you should always, always be grateful that God, or whoever are the powers that be, gave you the ability to live your life the way you were meant to live it.
5. We know from the first paragraph that Gina’s brother __________.
A. causes trouble to neighbours B. pays more attention to others
C. lives with mental disability D. considers daily routine a bother
6. If Mother asks Gina to look after her brother now, what will she probably answer?
A. I'm afraid not. B. No problem!
C. It depends. D. It’s not fair!
7. The passage intends to tell us that we should _____________.
A. value the glory of success B. appreciate what life gives us
C. comfort unfortunate people D. treasure meaningful moments
C
Does happiness have a scent?
When someone is happy, can you smell it?
You can usually tell when someone is happy based on seeing them smile, heating them laugh or perhaps from receiving a big hug. But can you also smell their happiness? Surprising new research suggests that happiness does indeed have a scent, and that the experience of happiness can be transmitted through smell, reports Phys.org.
For the study, 12 young men were shown videos meant to bring about a variety of emotions while researchers gathered sweat samples from them. All of the men were healthy and none of them were drug users or smokers, and all were asked to abstain from drinking or eating smelly foods during the study period.
Those sweat samples were then given to 36 equally healthy young women to smell, while researchers monitored their reactions. Only women were selected to smell the samples, apparently because previous research has shown that women have a better sense of smell than men and are also more sensitive to emotional signaling — though it's unclear why only men were chosen to produce the scents.
Researchers found that the behavior of the women after smelling the scents — particularly their facial expressions — indicated a relationship between the emotional states of the men who produced the sweat and the women who sniffed them.
“Human sweat produced when a person is happy brings about a state similar to happiness in somebody who breathes this smell,” said study co-author Gun Semin, a professor at Koc University in Turkey.
This is a fascinating finding because it not only means that happiness does have a scent, but that the scent is capable of transmitting the emotion to others. The study also found that other emotions, such as fear, seem to carry a scent too. This ensures previous research suggesting that some negative emotions have a smell, but it is the first time this has proved to be true of positive feelings.
Researchers have yet to isolate(分离) exactly what the chemical compound for the happiness smell is, but you might imagine what the potential applications for such a finding could be. Happiness perfumes, for instance, could be invented. Scent therapies (香味疗法) could also be developed to help people through depression or anxiety.
Perhaps the most surprising result of the study, however, is our broadened understanding of how emotions get communicated, and also how our own emotions are potentially managed through our social context and the emotional states of those around us.
8. What is the main finding of the new research?
A. Men produce more sweats.
B. Negative emotions have a smell.
C. Pleasant feelings can be smelt out.
D. Women have a better sense of smell.
9. The underlined part “abstain from” in Paragraph 3 probably means _______.
A. avoid B. practice
C. continue D. try
10. What is the application value of the new research?
A. Perfumes could help people understand each other.
B. Some smells could be developed to better our mood.
C. Perfumes could be produced to cure physical diseases.
D. Some smells could be created to improve our appearance.
11. We can learn from the last paragraph that _______.
A. happiness comes from a scent of sweat
B. positive energy can deepen understanding
C. people need more emotional communication
D. social surroundings can influence our emotions
D
As the world’s population grows, farmers will need to produce more and more food. And large farms are increasingly using precision farming to increase yields(产量), reduce waste, and reduce the economic and security risks that inevitably accompany agricultural uncertainty.
Traditional farming relies on managing entire fields — making decisions related to planting, harvesting, irrigating, and applying pesticides and fertilizer(农药和化肥) — based on regional conditions and historical data. Precision farming, by contrast, combines sensors, robots, GPS, mapping tools and data-analytics software to customize(量身定制) the care that plants receive without increasing labor. Robot-mounted sensors and camera-equipped drones(无人机) wirelessly send images and data on individual plants to a computer, which looks for signs of health and stress. Farmers receive the feedback in real time and then deliver water, pesticide or fertilizer in adjusted doses(剂量) to only the areas that need it. The technology can also help farmers decide when to plant and harvest crops.
As a result, precision farming can improve time management, reduce water and chemical use, and produce healthier crops and higher yields — all of which benefit farmers’ bottom lines and conserve resources while reducing chemical runoff.
Many small businesses are developing new software, sensors, and other tools for precision farming, as are large companies such as Monsanto, John Deere, Bayer, Dow and DuPont. The U.S. Department of Agriculture, NASA and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration all support precision farming, and many colleges now offer course work on the topic.
In a related development, seed producers are applying technology to improve plant characteristics. By following individual plants over time and analyzing which ones flourish in different conditions, companies can relate the plants’ response to their environments with their genomics(基因组学). That information, in turn, allows the companies to produce seed varieties that will grow well in specific soil and weather conditions. This advanced technology may also help to improve crop nutrition.
Farmers do not universally welcome precision agriculture for various reasons, such as high equipment costs and lack of access to the Internet. The technology may bring great challenges to experienced farmers who are not good at computers. And large systems will also be beyond the reach of many small farming operations in developing nations. But less expensive, simpler systems could potentially be applied. For others, though, cost savings in the long run may reduce the financial concerns. And however reticent some farmers may be to adopt new technology, the next generation of farmers are likely to warm to the approach.
12. Precision farming differs from traditional farming partly because it ________.
A. guarantees high yields with more labor
B. relies on regional conditions and historical data
C. offers plenty of water, pesticides and fertilizer
D. provides real time information about target crops
13. About precision farming, we can learn that ________.
A. the government holds a cautious attitude
B. it draws positive responses from businesses
C. seed producers have already made huge profits
D. large systems will soon be built in developing nations
14. The underlined word “reticent” in the last paragraph probably means ________.
A. disappointed B. confused
C. unwilling D. shocked
15. What is the best title for the passage?
A. Precision Farming Increases Crop Yields
B. More Challenges Faced by Modern Farmers
C. Development of Farming Systems in the U.S.
D. Traditional Farming is Gradually Disappearing
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，共12.5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中两项为多余选项。
Healthy See, Healthy Do
Visit the grocery store on an empty stomach, and you will probably come home with a few things you did not plan to buy. But hunger is not the only cause of additional purchases. The location of store displays(摆放) also influences our shopping choices.___16___
The checkout area is a particular hotspot for junk food. Studies have found that the products most commonly found there are sugary and salty snacks.___17___ A 2012 study in the Netherlands found that hospital workers were more likely to give up junk food for healthy snacks when the latter were more readily available on canteen shelves, for example. In 2014 Norwegian and Icelandic researchers also found that replacing unhealthy foods with healthy ones in the checkout area significantly increased last-minute sales of healthier foods.
___18___ It has been working with more than 1,000 store owners to encourage them to order and promote nutritious foods. “We know that the stores are full of cues(暗示) meant to encourage consumption,” says Tamar Adjoian, a research scientist at the department, “Making healthy foods more convenient or appealing can lead to increased sales of those products.”
Adjoian and her colleagues wondered if such findings would apply to their city’s crowded urban checkout areas, so they selected three Bronx supermarkets for their own study. ___19___ Then they recorded purchases over six three-hour periods in each store for two weeks.
Of the more than 2,100 shoppers they observed, just 4 percent bought anything from the checkout area. Among those who did, however, customers in the healthy lines purchased nutritious foods more than twice as often as those in the standard lines.___20___ The findings were reported in September in the Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior.
The potential influence may seem small, but Adjoian believes that changing more checkout lines would open customers’ eyes to nutritious, lower-calorie foods. Health department officials are now exploring ways to expand healthy options at checkout counters throughout New York City.
A. These foods give people more energy.
B. They bought unhealthy foods 40 percent less often.
C. And it may make or break some healthy eating habits.
D. The supermarkets began to offer nutritious, lower-calorie foods.
E. These findings caught the attention of New York City Department of Health.
F. They replaced candies and cookies with fruits and nuts near the checkout counter.
G. And a few studies have suggested that simply swapping in healthier options can change customer behavior.
第三部分 语言运用(共三节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I played a racquetball(壁球) game against my cousin Ed last week. It was one of the most ____21____ and tiring games I’ve ever had. When Ed first phoned and suggested we play, I laughed quietly, figuring on an ____22____ victory. After all, Ed’s idea of ____23____ has always been nothing more ____24____ than lifting a fork to his mouth. As long as I can remember, Ed’s been the least physically fit member in the family, and ____25____ proud of himself. His big stomach has always ballooned out between his T-shirt and trousers. Although the family often ____26____ about that, Ed refused to buy a ____27____ T-shirt or to lose weight. So when Ed ____28____ for our game not only with the bottom of his shirt gathered inside his trousers but also with a stomach you could hardly ____29____. I was so surprised that I was speechless. My cousin must have made an effort to get himself into shape. ____30____, at the point in our game when I’d have predicted(预计) the score to be about 9 to 1 in my favor, it was ____31____ 7 to 9-and Ed was ____32____. The sudden realization was painful. We continued to play like two mad men. When the score was 16 up, I was having serious ____33____ about staying alive until 21 years old, let alone ____34____ that many points. When the game finally ended, both of us were lying flat on our backs, too tired to move. In a way, I think we both won: I the game, but cousin Ed my ____35____.
21. A. encouraging B. hopeless C. surprising D. regular
22. A. unforgettable B. unexpected C. easy D. early
23. A. exercise B. preparation C. joy D. fitness
24. A. time-saving B. comfortable C. suitable D. effort-making
25. A. strangely B. personally C. reasonably D. eagerly
26. A. cared B. forgot C. quarreled D. joked
27. A. clean B. larger C. straight D. darker
28. A. set out B. got ready C. arrived D. returned
29. A. notice B. admire C. believe D. measure
30. A. After all B. As a result C. Above all D. At last
31. A. mistakenly B. then C. instead D. naturally
32. A. leading B. coming C. waiting D. counting
33. A. thoughts B. doubts C. situations D. problems
34. A. scoring B. completing C. receiving D. keeping
35. A. friendship B. respect C. support D. favor
第二节(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Varatha Shanmuganathan is an 87-year-old woman in India. She has become the ____36____ (old) person to get a Master’s degree at Canada’s York University. When she isn’t dancing or singing with her grandchildren, she’s busy ____37____ (realize) her many dreams.
This is not Shanmuganathan’s first Master’s degree. After earning her Bachelor’s degree, she returned to Sri Lanka ____38____ (teach) Indian history and English.
In 1990, she moved to London to teach English as a second language and received her first Master’s degree from the University of London.
When she found out the university offered free tuition ____39____ senior citizens, Shanmuganathan said she ____40____ (immediate) knew it was her last chance to make her dream of studying political science come true. She began her studies in 2019 and ____41____ (continue) throughout the pandemic(流行病).
“She will act as a powerful role model for ____42____ (woman) of all ages,” York University President Rhonda Lenton said.
Despite her achievements, Shanmuganathan said she is not quite finished yet in ____43____ (educate). Her next plan is to write ____44____ book about post-war Sri Lanka.
“Find out what you really want to achieve and pursue it until the end. Think of something _____45_____ not only interests you, but is also beneficial to others. Go on after it, get it, do it, achieve it,” Shanmuganathan said.
第三节 单词拼写(共5小题;每小题1分，满分5分)
46. A good idea just o______ to me all at once.
occurred/ccurred
考查动词和一般过去时。句意：我突然想到一个好主意。结合首字母提示及句意，此处用“出现，发生”含义，动词occur“出现，发生”，为不及物动词，短语：occur to sb.“某人突然想到”，根据句意，此处表示发生在过去的动作，所以时态用一般过去时。故填occurred。
47. The data should be ________ (更新) once a week.
updated
考查过去分词。句意：数据应该每周更新一次。根据句意及汉语提示可知，此处使用动词update，与主语data是被动关系，应用被动语态，结合should be可知，谓语用should be done形式，此处应用过去分词表被动。故填updated。
48. I try to______ (使……信服) him of the reality of the danger.
convince
考查动词。句意：我试图使他相信危险的现实。根据中文提示“使……信服”和动词前的不定式可知，这里用动词原词。故填convince。
49. In some developing countries, more and more people are settling down in_____ (城市的) areas.
urban
考查形容词。句意：在一些发展中国家，越来越多的人定居在城市地区。根据中文提示“城市的”可知，这里用形容词形式。故填urban。
50. You need to be more ______ (灵活的) and imaginative in your approach.
flexible
考查形容词。句意：你需要更多的灵活的和富有想象力的方法。根据提示及空前的more可知，用形容词flexible作表语。故填flexible。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假定你是李华，你的家乡今年新建了一个中国民俗文化主题公园，请给你的留学生好友Mike写封邮件，邀请他一同来公园参观，内容包括：
1. 时间、地点；2. 参观内容：了解中国民俗文化，体验民间艺术等；3. 注意事项。
参考词汇：中国民俗文化主题公园Chinese folk culture theme park
注意：
1. 词数100左右；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Mike,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节 读后续写（满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Fiona Simpson, 23, was on her way home. She was driving on the D'Aguilar Highwav in Queensland, Australia, It was a long, lonely road, but she had company at least. Her 78-year-old grandmother and four-month-old daughter were with her for the journey.
Clouds started to roll in overhead. Fiona hadn't bothered to listen to the weather report that morning. Mostly because she had expected to arrive home before any sort of downpour hit. As she drove down the D’Aguilar Highway, however, the slight pattering(拍打) of rain began to beat into an angry drum beat upon the roof of the car.
Even though she had been driving quite slowly, she could hardly see the lines in the road. The pouring rain soon became so heavy that her windshield wipers(雨刮器) couldn't keep up. Fiona knew that her only option was to pull the car onto the side of the road until the bad weather lessened.
She stopped the car when suddenly she heard a sound that completely shocked her. The loud bang came from behind her, right near the window where her daughter sat. The glass of the window was broken, and a moment later she discovered that something equally sharp and dangerous was hitting her child.
It was hailstones（冰雹）, nearly golf-ball-sized chunks of ice falling from the sky. Hailstones can cause serious damage. Even cattle can be killed as well if they do not seek shelter. Fiona dived into the back seat and tried to form a human shield(挡板) over the baby. Meanwhile, the hailstone was battering the roof of the car so loudly that she couldn't even hear the child crying beneath her.
Queensland had apparently been hit with a super-cell storm that resulted in tennis-ball-sized hailstones. Soon, even Grandma was being battered with the same falling ice. Fiona moved towards the front, still holding her baby in her arms, and tried to shield Grandma as well. Fiona found them caught right in the middle of the storm with nowhere to hide.
注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
At this time, a truck pulled off beside them.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
After quite a long time, the storm passed.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
#######################
1. C 2. C 3. A 4. D
本文是一则广告，文章介绍了办理NJBG会员的费用、程序、联系方式和好处。
1. 细节理解题。根据第一段中的Your membership dollars help to improve the Garden, and provide educational and recreational(娱乐的) activities for the general public.可知，你的会员美元有助于改善花园，并为公众提供教育和娱乐活动。由此可知，NJBG会员美元可以用来提供更好的服务。故C项正确。
2. 细节理解题。根据第三段If you prefer to join by phone or mail, call the NJBG office at(973) 962-9534 or download and send in our membership brochure(Adobe Acrobat PDF file).可知，如果您想通过电话或邮件加入，请致电NJBG办公室(973)962-9534或下载并发送我们的会员手册（Adobe Acrobat PDF文件）。故C项正确。
3. 细节理解题。根据Renew Your Membership表格中Annual Dues一栏对应的Dual数值是$50可知，为父母续签一年的会员资格需要花费$50。故A项正确。
4. 细节理解题。根据最后部分中10% off your purchase，12% off your purchase和15% off your purchase可知，新泽西植物园在会员购买时能够打折。故D项正确。
5. C 6. B 7. B
这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者在本文中介绍了自己的弟弟Joe天生残疾，作者花很多时间和精力照顾他，弟弟让作者学会了责任，弟弟让作者学会了要对自己所拥有的事物心存感激之情。
5. 细节理解题。根据第一段“Where I see a kid who just needs a lot more attention, others see a mentally disabled boy, a kid who cannot walk or talk or think for himself.（我看到的是一个需要更多关注的孩子，而其他人看到的是一个智障男孩，一个不能走路、说话或独立思考的孩子。）”可知，作者的弟弟是一个精神残疾的儿童。故选C项。
6. 推理判断题。根据第四段“Besides making me responsible from a young age, and helping me be more accepting of all kinds of people, he has taught me to be thankful for what I have.（除了从小培养我的责任感，帮助我更能接受各种各样的人，他还教会我要对自己所拥有的一切心存感激。）”可知，Joe让作者学会了很多，那么可以推测出下次妈妈再让吉娜照顾他弟弟的时候，肯定不会推辞。故选B项。
7. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“It is up to me to realize that life should be lived to its fullest, and that you should always, always be grateful that God, or whoever are the powers that be, gave you the ability to live your life the way you were meant to live it.”（我应该意识到生活应该充实，你应该永远，永远感激上帝，或者任何有能力的人，赋予你能力，让你按照自己想要的方式生活。）以及全文内容可知，作者在本文中介绍了自己的弟弟Joe天生残疾，作者花很多时间和精力照顾他，弟弟让作者学会了责任，弟弟让作者学会了要对自己所拥有的事物心存感激之情。所以作者通过这篇文章要告诉我们要感激生活给与我们的一切。故选B项。
8. C 9. A 10. B 11. D
这是一篇说明文。通过研究发现，快乐是能被闻出来的。
8. 细节理解题。根据第二段“Surprising new research suggests that happiness does indeed have a scent, and that the experience of happiness can be transmitted through smell, reports Phys.org.”可知，令人惊讶的新研究表明，幸福确实有一种气味，幸福的体验可以通过气味来传递，报告说Phys.org网站。所以研究的发现是愉快的感觉能够被闻出来。故选C。
9. 词句猜测题。根据第三段“All of the men were healthy and none of them were drug users or smokers”可知，所有的男性都很健康，没有一个是吸毒者或吸烟者。当时研究者是需要参加实验的人员不能喝酒和吃味道大的食物以免影响了研究的结果。所以划线词的意思是“避免”的意思。故选A。
10. 细节理解题。根据文章第八段中的“Happiness perfumes, for instance, could be invented. Scent therapies could also be developed to help people through depression or anxiety”可知，比如，可以发明幸福香水。气味疗法也可以用来帮助人们克服抑郁或焦虑。所以这个研究可以应用到香水的使用方面，所以新研究的应用价值是香水可以用来治疗身体疾病。故选B正确。
11. 推理判断题。根据对文章最后一段中“our own emotions are potentially managed through our social context and the emotional states of those around us”我们自己的情绪是如何通过我们的社会环境和周围人的情绪状态来管理的。可推断社会的环境会影响到我们个人的情绪，故选D。
12. D 13. B 14. C 15. A
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要向我们说明了精准农业提高产量，减少浪费，降低伴随着农业不确定性不可避免地的经济和安全风险。
12. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Traditional farming relies on managing entire fields — making decisions related to planting, harvesting, irrigating, and applying pesticides and fertilizer(农药和化肥) — based on regional conditions and historical data.”（传统农业依赖于对整个农田的管理——根据地区条件和历史数据作出与种植、收获、灌溉和施用农药和化肥有关的决策。）；根据文章第三段“Precision farming, by contrast, combines sensors, robots, GPS, mapping tools and data-analytics software to customize(量身定制) the care that plants receive without increasing labor.”（相比之下，精准农业结合了传感器、机器人、GPS、地图工具和数据分析软件，在不增加劳动力的情况下量身定制植物所接受的照料。）通过对比可知，精准农业不同于传统农业的部分原因在于它利用科技，实时获取目标作物的信息，量身定制植物所接受的照料。故选D项。
13. 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Many small businesses are developing new software, sensors, and other tools for precision farming, as are large companies such as Monsanto, John Deere, Bayer, Dow and DuPont. The U.S. Department of Agriculture, NASA and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration all support precision farming, and many colleges now offer course work on the topic.”（许多小企业正在开发新的软件、传感器和其他用于精确农业的工具，像孟山都、约翰迪尔、拜耳、陶氏化学和杜邦等大公司也是如此。美国农业部、美国国家航空航天局和美国国家海洋和大气管理局都支持精准农业，现在许多大学都开设了这方面的课程。）市场上很多公司在开发应用于精准农业的软件和工具，从他们的反映和行动来看，精准农业得到了商业的积极响应。故选B项。
14. 词义猜测题。根据文章最后一段“Farmers do not universally welcome precision agriculture for various reasons, such as high equipment costs and lack of access to the Internet. The technology may bring great challenges to experienced farmers who are not good at computers.”（由于设备成本高、无法上网等原因，农民并不普遍欢迎精准农业。该技术可能会给不擅长计算机的有经验的农民带来巨大的挑战。）可知目前大多数农民是不喜欢精准农业的；根据文章“And however reticent some farmers may be to adopt new technology, the next generation of farmers are likely to warm to the approach.”（尽管有些农民可能会reticent采用新技术，下一代农民可能会倾向于采取这种做法。）由however“尽管”和the next generation of farmers are likely to warm to the approach“下一代农民可能会倾向于采取这种做法”可知however后面表示的是与“the next generation of farmers are likely to warm to the approach（下一代农民可能会倾向于采取这种做法）”相反的事情，即有些农民可能会不愿意采用新技术，这个与本段前面所说的“Farmers do not universally welcome precision agriculture”（农民并不普遍欢迎精准农业）相吻合。即可推知reticent意为“不愿意”。故选C项。
15. 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“And large farms are increasingly using precision farming to increase yields(产量), reduce waste, and reduce the economic and security risks that inevitably accompany agricultural uncertainty.”（大型农场越来越多地使用精准农业来提高产量，减少浪费，降低伴随着农业不确定性的不可避免地经济和安全风险。）可知文章开头提出精准农业提高产量，减少浪费和降低经济和安全风险这样一个观点，文章后面段落一直在围绕这个观点说明其原理。故A选项“Precision Farming Increases Crop Yields”（精准农业增加作物产量）可作为文章标题，故选A项。
16. C 17. G 18. E 19. F 20. B
这是一篇说明文。文章用几个实验向我们证明了商店里商品的摆放位置，特别是结账处附近的商品摆放会影响我们购物的选择。所以健康部门和专家都呼吁将健康食品放在这些地方，提高大家对健康食品的关注度。
16. 空格位于首段最后一句。空格前一句句意为：店内商品的摆放位置也会影响购物的选择。选项C中的it与上句话中的“The location”可形成指代关系，并且“make or break some healthy eating habits”与文章主题（Healthy See, Healthy Do看到的健康的，买的就是健康的）呼应。故选C。
17. 空格位于段中。空格前句意为：结账处摆放的商品经常是糖或者咸的零食。空格后的两个举例都是强调如果购物者看到的经常是健康食品的话，他们会更多的选择健康食品。由此可推知，空格处应该是强调换一下摆放在结账处的食品的重要性。选项G中的“simply swapping in healthier options can change customer behavior（简单地将垃圾食品换成健康一点的食品能改变顾客的购物行为）”与这一语境呼应，起到承上启下的作用。故选G。
18. 空格位于段首。由本段中的“a research scientist at the department”可知，前边应该出现过department，选项E中的“Department of Health”与之呼应。故选E。
19. 空格位于段中。分析文章结构，第四段和第五段主要讲述Adjoian和她同事们做的试验。空格前句意为：为了证明把健康食品放在收银处，是不是影响拥挤的市区内的顾客的购买行为，他们选择了三家超市。空格后句意为：他们连续三周每天分六次每次三小时记录购买情况。可以推知，中间一句话应该是实验的设置方式。选项F中的“They replaced candies and cookies with fruits and nuts near the checkout counter（他们把收银处附近的糖和饼干换成了水果和坚果）”与这个试验的目的一致。故选F。
20. 空格位于段中。这一段讲述Adjoian和她同事们做的试验的结果。由空格后的these findings可知，前边至少有两项发现。空格前句意为：在那些在收银处买了东西的人当中，站在健康食品队列的人比站在不健康食品队列的人买了多于两倍的东西。这是一个发现，选项B中的“They bought unhealthy foods 40 percent less often.（他们买不健康食品的概率也降低了40%。）”与上一句句式接近，并且表达的是与上一句意思一致的一个发现，又与下句中的“these findings”呼应。故选B。
21. C 22. C 23. A 24. D 25. A 26. D 27. B 28. C 29. A 30. B 31. C 32. A 33. B 34. A 35. B
这是一篇记叙文。记叙了兄弟俩的一场球赛，作者的表弟Ed曾经是个很胖的人，所以当表弟邀请作者打球时作者以为会轻松取胜。结果表弟到了作者才发现他的身材有了很大的变化。最后比赛结果是作者赢得了比赛，但Ed却赢得了作者的尊重。
21. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是我打过的最令人惊讶和最累人的比赛之一。A. encouraging鼓励的；B. hopeless绝望的；C. surprising令人惊讶的，意外的；D. regular定期的。根据下文“at the point in our game when I’d have predicted(预计) the score to be about 9 to l in my favor, it was ___11___ 7 to 9”原以为可以轻易取胜的比赛，后来出现的比赛场面竟十分出乎以外，让人大为惊奇（surprising）。故选C。
22. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当Ed第一次打来电话，建议我们一起玩的时候，我静静地笑了，以为会轻松取胜。A. unforgettable难忘的；B. unexpected意外的；C. easy容易的；D. early早的。根据前句说的“I laughed quietly”可推知作者以为是一场很容易（easy）打赢的比赛。故选C。
23. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Ed 关于锻炼的想法只不过就像把叉子送到嘴里一样不费力。A. exercise锻炼；B. preparation准备；C. joy快乐；D. fitness健康。根据下文“Ed’s been the least physically fit member in the family”可知，Ed不太健康，由此推知他最不想锻炼。故选A。
24. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Ed 关于锻炼的想法只不过就像把叉子送到嘴里一样不费力。A. time-saving省时的；B. comfortable舒服的；C. suitable合适的；D. effort-making费力的。此处的语境是（注意作者对Ed在体力方面的轻视）：Ed关于锻炼的想法只不过就像把叉子送到嘴里一样不费力。effort-making意为“费劲的”。故选D。
25. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：从我记事起，Ed就一直是家里身体最不健康的人，奇怪的是，他还为自己感到骄傲。A. strangely奇怪地；B. personally亲自地；C. reasonably合理地；D. eagerly急切地。结合空后“proud of himself”，虽然Ed体力状况在一家人中最差，但他却奇怪地（strangely）为自己感到骄傲。故选A。
26. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然家人经常拿这个开玩笑，但Ed拒绝买大一号的T恤或减肥。A. cared关心；B. forgot忘记；C. quarreled争吵；D. joked开玩笑。根据前文“His big stomach has always ballooned out between his T-shirt and trousers”及空后“about that”，that指他的大肚子，由于Ed太胖，他的肚子就像一只气球，所以家人经常就此开他的玩笑（joke about that）。故选D。
27. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然家人经常拿这个开玩笑，但Ed拒绝买大一号的T恤或减肥。A. clean干净的；B. larger更大的；C. straight直的；D. darker更黑的。上文讲到“His big stomach has always ballooned out between his T-shirt and trousers（他的大肚子总是像一只气球一样突出在汗衫与长裤之间）”，这说明他的T-shirt不够大。故选B。
28. 考查动词和动词短语辨析。句意：所以，当Ed来参加我们的比赛时，他的衬衣扎在裤子里，肚子几乎让人看不出来，我惊讶得说不出话来。A. set out出发；B. got ready准备好；C. arrived到达；D. returned返回。结合后文描述Ed的身材变化可知，Ed 身材的变化应是在他到来（arrived）之际才能发现。故选C。
29. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以，当Ed来参加我们的比赛时，他的衬衣扎在裤子里，肚子几乎让人看不出来，我惊讶得说不出话来。A. notice注意到；B. admire钦佩；C. believe相信；D. measure测量。此句主要是描述作者注意到的Ed身材的变化：他的衬衣扎在裤子里，肚子几乎让人看不出来（a stomach you could hardly notice）。故选A。
30. 考查短语辨析。句意：结果，在我们比赛的时候，我本以为比分会是9比1对我有利，结果却变成了7比9，Ed领先。A. After all毕竟；B. As a result结果；C. Above all首先；D. At last终于。因后面的内容讲的正是Ed因改变体形而在比赛中曾一度领先，故选as a result。故选B。
31. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：结果，在我们比赛的时候，我本以为比分会是9比1对我有利，结果却变成了7比9，Ed领先。A. mistakenly错误地；B. then然后；C. instead相反；D. naturally自然地。作者原认为会9：1自己领先，而结果却是7：9，故用instead表示后者取代了前者。故选C。
32. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：结果，在我们比赛的时候，我本以为比分会是9比1对我有利，结果却变成了7比9，Ed领先。A. leading导先，领导；B. coming来到；C. waiting等待；D. counting要紧。根据下文“The sudden realization was painful”说明比赛的结果不是像作者的那样自己领先，而是Ed领先。故选A。
33. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当比分上升到16分时，我对自己能否活到21岁产生了严重的怀疑，更别说能得那么多分了。A. thoughts想法；B. doubts怀疑；C. situations情况；D. problems问题。此处的语境是：当比分达到16平时，作者便怀疑自己能否活到21岁。这充分说明比赛的激烈程度以及作者的疲惫程度。故选B。
34. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当比分上升到16分时，我对自己能否活到21岁产生了严重的怀疑，更别说能得那么多分了。A. scoring得分；B. completing完成；C. receiving收到；D. keeping保持。根据后文“that many points”可知此处指得分。故选A。
35. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在某种程度上，我认为我们都赢了：我赢了比赛，但Ed表弟赢得了我的尊重。A. friendship友谊；B. respect尊重；C. support支持；D. favor帮助。从文篇的前半部分可知，作者蔑视Ed。但比赛的事实教育了他，使他对Ed另眼相看，其情感色彩正与过去相反：尊敬（respect）。故选B。
36. oldest
37. realizing
38. to teach
39. to
40. immediately
41. continued
42. women
43. education
44. a
45. that
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍87岁的Varatha Shanmuganathan在老年时学习经历，及对我们学习方面的积极影响。
36. 考查形容词最高级。句意：她已成为在加拿大约克大学获得硕士学位最年长的人。根据句意及空前的定冠词the可知，此处表示“最年长的人”，故用形容词最高级，作定语，修饰名词person，故填oldest。
37. 考查动名词。句意：当她不和孙子孙女一起跳舞或唱歌时，她正忙于实现她的许多梦想。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处考查短语be busy doing sth.，表示“忙于做某事”。设空处故用动名词，故填realizing。
38. 考查不定式。句意：获得学士学位后，她回到斯里兰卡教授印度史和英语。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处考查短语return sp. to do sth.，表示“回到某地做某事”故用不定式，做目的状语，故填to teach。
39. 考查介词。句意：当她发现大学为老年人提供免费学费时，Shanmuganathan说，她马上就知道了，这是她实现学习政治学梦想的最后机会。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处考查短语offer sth. to sb.，表示“为某人提供某物”，故填to。
40. 考查副词。句意：当她发现大学为老年人提供免费学费时，Shanmuganathan说，她马上就知道了，这是她实现学习政治学梦想的最后机会。根据句意及句子结构可知，设空处应填副词immediately，作状语，故填immediately。
41. 考查时态。句意：她于2019年开始学习，并在整个大流行期间继续学习。根据并列连词and及时间状语in 2019可知，时态是一般过去时。设空处与began并列，作谓语，设空处应变过去式。故填continued。
42. 考查名词的数。句意：约克大学校长Rhonda Lenton说：“她将成为所有年龄段女性的强大榜样”。根据句意及of all ages可知，此处表示“所有年龄段的女性”，设空处应填可数名词复数，故填women。
43. 考查名词。句意：尽管她取得了成就，但Shanmuganathan说她在教育方面还没有完全完成。根据句意及句子结构可知，设空处应填名词education，作介词in的宾语，故填education。
44. 考查冠词。句意：她的下一个计划是写一本关于战后斯里兰卡的书。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处表示“写一本书”，故用不定冠词。book是以辅音音素开头，故填a。
45. 考查定语从句。句意：想想一些不仅让你感兴趣，而且对他人有益的事情。根据句意及句子结构可知，本句是定语从句，缺少的引导词指代先行词something，并在从句中作主语，故填that。
Dear Mike,
I can’t wait to share a piece of good news with you. A Chinese folk culture theme park has just been built in my hometown. I think this is a great chance for you to learn more about Chinese culture, so I’d like to invite you to visit the park with me.
We can meet at the bus station at 8 next Saturday morning and then set off for there. During the visit, we will learn about Chinese folk culture and experience various forms of folk art, through which we can see Chinese history changes and great society development, especially Chinese countryside. When we visit it, we had better behave well and follow the related rules and order. Don’t smoke, make noises or throw rubbish anywhere. I am sure you can harvest and benefit from this visit.
Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours,
Lihua
本篇书面表达属于提纲类作文，要求考生写一封邮件，邀请留学生好友Mike参观中国民俗文化主题公园，并介绍见面的时间和地点、参观内容和注意事项。
第一步：审题
体裁：应用文
时态：根据提示，时态应为一般现在时和一般将来时。个别表达需要用到现在完成时。
结构：三段式：第一段写出写信目的，引出主题；第二段写出具体内容，包括见面的时间和地点、参观内容和注意事项；第三段期待收到对方的回复。
要求：1. 表明写信的目的
2. 介绍见面的时间和地点、参观内容和注意事项
3. 表明期待收到对方的回复
第二步：列提纲（重点单词及词组）
can’t wait to sth.（迫不及待做某事）；share sth. with sb（与某人分享某物）；invite sb. to do sth.（邀请某人做某事）；set off（动身，出发）；learn about（了解）；various forms of…（各种形式的……）；development（发展）；especially（尤其）；behave（表现）；follow the rules（遵守规则）；make noises（制造噪音）；throw rubbish（扔垃圾）；harvest（收获）；benefit from（从……收益）；look forward to…（期待，盼望）；reply（答复）
第三步：连词成句
1. I can’t wait to share a piece of good news with you.
2. I think this is a great chance for you to learn more about Chinese culture.
3. I’d like to invite you to visit the park with me.
4. We can meet at the bus station at 8 next Saturday morning.
5. We will learn about Chinese folk culture and experience various forms of folk art.
6. We had better behave well and follow the related rules and order.
7. Don’t smoke, make noises or throw rubbish anywhere.
8. I am sure you can harvest and benefit from this visit.
9. Looking forward to your early reply.
根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）
1. 表文章结构顺序：first of all; to begin with; firstly/first; secondly/second… ; and then（本篇文章使用过）; finally; in the end; at last
2. 表并列补充关系：What’s more; besides; moreover; furthermore; in addition; additionally; not only… but also…; as well as; both…and…
3. 表转折对比关系：but; however; on the contrary; instead; although; in spite of; on the one hand…, on the other hand…; some…, while others…
4. 表因果关系：because; because of; for; so（本篇文章使用过）; since; thus; therefore; as a result; why
5. 表总结：in short; in a word; in conclusion; in summary; all in all; generally speaking
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。
第五步：润色修改
根据写作内容需要，加入高级句式，如名词性从句，定语从句，状语从句等。
During the visit, we will learn about Chinese folk culture and experience various forms of folk art. 本句用来介绍参观的具体内容。可以使用定语从句，进一步介绍通过参观，可以学习到什么。润色修改为：During the visit, we will learn about Chinese folk culture and experience various forms of folk art, through which we can see Chinese history changes and great society development, especially Chinese countryside.
范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。作者在范文中合理使用了复合句，如：During the visit, we will learn about Chinese folk culture and experience various forms of folk art, through which we can see Chinese history changes and great society development, especially Chinese countryside. 这句话为which引导的定语从句；其次，使用了一些固定句型，如：can’t wait to sth.; invite sb. to do sth.; share sth. with sb等，使语言更加丰富；同时使用了一些高级词汇及短语，如development; harvest; throw rubbish; behave等，让语言更加地道。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。
At this time, a truck pulled off beside them. Aware that the people were trapped in the sudden extreme weather, two men on the truck immediately got off and offered to help. They firstly tried to took the crying baby out of the car by sheltering him from hailstones with a protective plate. Shortly after settling the baby on the backseat of the truck safely, they continued to transfer Fiona and her grandmother to their truck. They were told to stay there to wait for the storm to stop.
After quite a long time, the storm passed. All of people on the truck felt relieved. With the help of two men, they got off. Faced up with her own car, whose windows had been seriously damaged, Fiona called for rescue and waited for help. It was not until they were picked up by the rescue workers that the two men drove off. In spite of the terrible experience, Fiona felt so lucky and grateful for the kind act from the strangers.
本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了23岁的Fiona Simpson带着78岁的奶奶和4个月的女儿在回家路上，遇到冰雹袭击。正在危难之际，一辆卡车停下来，司机帮助她们脱离困境的故事。
1. 段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“这时，一辆卡车停在他们旁边。”可知，第一段可描写卡车司机帮助营救他们。
②由第二段首句内容“过了很长一段时间，暴风雨过去了。”可知，第二段可描写雨过之后，Fiona Simpson等人安全回家，并十分感激营救者。
2. 续写线索：下车——帮助——紧急（立刻）——营救（弄出来）——离开——感谢——感悟
3. 词汇激活
行为类
①帮助：help/assist
②弄出来：take…out/get…out
③离开：drive off/leave/go away
情绪类
①立刻（紧急）：immediately/at once/right away
②感谢：show her gratitude/feel grateful
高分句型1：Faced up with her own car, whose windows had been seriously damaged, Fiona called for rescue and waited for help.（运用了非谓语过去分词作状语和whose引导的非限制性定语从句）
高分句型2：It was not until they were picked up by the rescue workers that the two men drove off.（运用了强调句型）
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