江西省南昌市第十中学2022-2023学年高二上学期返校测试英语试题含答案

这是一份江西省南昌市第十中学2022-2023学年高二上学期返校测试英语试题含答案，共24页。
第一部分 阅读理解
These 4 nvels will get yur summer ff t a terrific start
This Time Tmrrw
by Emma Straub
Straub’s new nvel is a time-travel fantasy filled with her signature awareness f the infinite ways we humans make life harder fr urselves. The herine here is a single wman named Alice wh wrks at her ld high schl. Her father, a bestselling nvelist wh raised Alice n his wn, is dying in a New Yrk hspital. On the night f Alice’s 40th birthday, Alice returns frm a drunken party and stumbles int the gift f time travel, which allws her t explre the big questin, “What if”?
Search
by Michelle Huneven
Huneven’s cmic nvel is a delicius must-read fr anyne wh’s ever served n a cmmittee. The narratr, Dana Ptwski, is a fd writer living in Califrnia wh’s rped int jining the search cmmittee fr the new minister f the church. Huneven dramatizes hw ne strng persnality — in this case a yung wman swllen with inslence — can cntrl a cmmittee.
One-Sht Harry
by Gary Phillips
Grup decisins are nt smething Harry Ingram wrries abut. He’s the star f this new hard-biled mystery by veteran crime writer Gary Phillips. One-Sht Harry is set in L.A. in 1963, as racial tensins are wrsening in advance f Martin Luther King’s upcming Freedm Rally at Wrigley Field. Harry, a Black free news phtgrapher wh rams all ver L.A. with his Speed Graphic camera, is the best f all pssible guides t this mment. His jb gives him entrée int neighbrhds and events that might therwise be ff-limits t him because f his race.
Knck Off the Hat
by Richard Stevensn
Richard Lipez, wh wrte under the penname Richard Stevensn, was a grundbreaking authr f gay detective nvels featuring private eye Dnald Strachey. Knck Off The Hat may be the best nvel Dick ever wrte. Its main character, Cliffrd Waterman, is a frmer plice detective dishnrably discharged frm the Army during Wrld War II fr an “indecent act.”
1. What can we infer frm the passage?
A. Straub is a bestselling nvelist.
B. Huneven is a yung wman swllen with inslence.
C. Black peple were unable t enter int many places in 1963.
D. Cliffrd is a respectable frmer plice detective.
2. What is the best chice fr a time-travel nvel lver?
A. One-Sht Harry.B. Search.
C. Knck Off the Hat.D. This Time Tmrrw.
3. What made Richard Stevensn famus?
A. He had a special penname.B. He wrte gay detective nvels.
C. He nce served the army during WWⅡ.D. He had a sharp visin.
A leading female bimedical scientist hpes mre wmen will chse t d what they like in life, rather than fall int the traditinal rles they have been expected t play in the past. Zhang Xin, vice-directr and principal investigatr at the High Magnetic Field Labratry f the Hefei Institutes f Physical Science, said recently that she had nted far fewer wmen than men in research institutes. “Fr example, fr us here at ur institute, abut 20 percent f scientists are wmen at a certain level — say, assciate prfessr level — but at my level it’s less than 10 percent,” Zhang said.
Brn in 1979 and a returnee frm verseas, Zhang has been fcusing n research invlving magnetic fields and hw t use them t imprve human health. “Take the magnetic resnance imaging machine fr example. It has a very strng magnet inside and can help dctrs see inside yur bdy. It is the mst cmmn high magnetic field fund in everyday life,” said Zhang, wh has been wrking in Hefei, Anhui prvince, since 2012.
She had majred in bimedicine thrugh her schl years at hme and abrad. “I chse medicine because my grandpa was a very excellent dctr and my parents hped that I culd be a dctr t,” Zhang said. She accmplished that, just nt in the medical field. Instead, she earned a PhD, saying it’s reasnable that ne’s initial inspiratin might cme frm the family, but a persn shuld nt always fllw a path designed by ther peple.
Zhang, wh has a daughter and a sn, said it’s regrettable that mst wmen spend much f their lives taking care f their family, including the elderly. “In China, pressure is cming frm sciety but als frm wmen themselves,” she said.“I try t take advantage f all the help I can get,” Zhang said, nting that she gets a lt frm her parents-in-law. Her husband, wh is als her clleague at the physical science institutes in Hefei, als spends as much time as pssible with their kids, Zhang said. She encurages mre fathers t d the same.
After first characterizing her husband’s child care as “help”, Zhang paused and crrected herself. She said he is nt s much helping her as simply ding what every father shuld d.
4. What is the title f Zhang Xin?
A. An assciate prfessr.B. A directr at an institute.
C. An rdinary researcher.D. A leading female scientist.
5. Zhang Xin gave an example in paragraph 2 in rder t________.
A. explain the wide applicatin f her majr
B. shw the mst cmmn high magnetic field fund in everyday life
C. share the way dctrs use her research t imprve human health
D. shw her achievements in the high magnetic field
6. Why did Zhang chse t majr in bimedicine?
A. Because her family expect her t be an dctr just like her grandpa.
B. Because she didn’t want t fllw a path designed by ther peple.
C. Because she wanted t take better care f her family.
D. Because she shwed a talent fr medicine at an early age.
7. Hw did Zhang feel abut her husband’s participatin in raising their children?
A. She was tuched.B. She thught it was his duty t d s.
C. She thanked a lt fr his help.D. She urged her husband t spend mre time with kids.
Culture is a brad term that invlves the symbls, languages, and materials assciated with a sciety. It includes material elements, such as clthing, technlgy, and husing as well as nnmaterial elements, such as gestures and behaviral nrms. Since culture is s brad and humans experience the wrld in a wide variety f ways, under a general cultural umbrella ften exist many subcultures.
There are a number f subcultures in the United States. If the analgy(类比) f a melting pt is applied t American culture, subcultures might be the individual ingredients in the sup. They are in the same cntainer but have characteristics that distinguish them frm ne anther. Sme elements might be similar, and thers might prvide cntrast. Subcultures exist within the dminant culture f a sciety.
Sme f the primary values that define the dminant American culture are individualism, cmpetitin, and a hearty wrk ethic. Hw is a subculture distinguished frm the dminant culture? It is part f the main culture, but its members share ne r mre cmmn differences. Thse differences may be due t shared experiences, custms, traits, r preferences, amng ther things.
Sme subcultures are identified by certain qualifiers such as shared race and ethnicity. Others may frm arund hbbies. Sme subcultures are cultivated in ppsitin t elements f the dminant culture. Oppsitinal subcultures may be called cuntercultures. Subcultures can be distinct, with specific definitins and rules. Others are flexible with liminal memberships.
Subcultures in America range frm the ubiquitus t the bscure. Members f a subculture typically share cmmn beliefs r lifestyles and smetimes incrprate shared clthing styles. Participatin in a subculture might be flexible and temprary r strictly bserved. One example f subcultures in America is the punk subculture which develped in the 1970s and cntinues t evlve. Early participants in punk rck culture rejected mainstream cultural influences, including plitics, fashin, and stage rck and disc music. The steretypical characteristics f them include distressed clthing, studded leather, cmbat bts, and clrfully dyed hair.
8. Why melting pt is mentined in the passage?
A. T explain hw subcultures cexist.
B. T explain why subcultures exist in America.
C. T shw that there are mre subcultures than dminant culture in America.
D. T indicate that all cultures in America becme alike because f cmmunicatin.
9. What can be learnt frm paragraph3?
A. A subculture can be frmed based n shared preferences.
B. Members f dminant culture have shared race and ethnicity.
C. All subcultures have their liminal memberships.
D. There is unifrm aesthetic fr members f subculture.
10. Which can replace the underlined wrd “steretypical”?
A. Likeable.B. Annying.C. Flexible.D. Fixed.
11. What is the authr’s attitude tward subcultures?
A. Negative.B. Objective.C. Uninterested.D. Favrable.
When SpaceX’s 20th missin lifted ff t the Internatinal Space Statin, beating heart cells were alng fr the ride. After 22 days, the heart cells were returned t Earth — and they were still beating. This experiment marks a significant step tward helping heart patients n Earth in the future.
The beating heart cells, called cardimycytes (心肌细胞), were grwn frm stem cells. “They’re like magic cells because they can turn int almst all kinds f cells in ur bdy, including beating heart cells. The heart cells have the ptential t treat heart disease fr kids and adults. But t repair a damaged heart, we will need a lt mre cardimycytes. And smetimes it’s really hard t get that many cells t grw,” said Chunhui Xu, researcher and assciate prfessr f pediatrics at Emry University Schl f Medicine.
When her experiment using simulated zer-gravity n Earth shwed prmising steps tward quickly and safely prducing cardimycytes, Xu saw space as the prving grund. Her experiment was chsen t fly n the space statin in rder t determine hw the absence f gravity impacts stem cells that are essentially turned int heart cells.
The heart cells were frzen, and then thawed(解冻)nce they reached the statin. This allwed the cells t grw in space fr 21 days. NASA astrnaut Jessica Meir versaw the experiment. “This ne-f-a-kind place is what makes ding research n the Internatinal Space Statin s incredibly special. We can test things that we can’t d anywhere n Earth,” Meir said.
When these live cells returned t Earth, Xu and her clleagues discvered that the stem cells grw faster in zer gravity. This rapid ability t grw cardimycytes culd generate a large number f healthy heart cells fr children and adults with varius heart diseases. With these new findings, the research culd lead a mre efficient and cst-effective way t develp the heart cells n Earth fr patients in need. The cells have great ptential t treat children and adults. And the cells culd als be used t test new therapies and speed up the develpment f safe drugs, Xu said.
12. What can we knw abut the experiment cnducted in the Internatinal Space Statin?
A. It lasted 20 days in space.B. It fund a cure fr heart attacks.
C. It was watched ver by Chunhui Xu.D. It means a lt t heart patients n earth.
13. Why did Chunhui Xu send her experiment t space?
A. T try heart transplant in space.
B. T test a way t speed up stem cell grwth.
C. T understand hw human hearts change in space.
D. T study the effects f micrgravity n brain cells.
14. What did Xu and her clleagues find?
A. It’s really hard t get stem cells t grw n the space statin.
B. The heart cells were easy t frze and thaw n the space statin.
C. Zer gravity is ideal fr stem cells t grw.
D. It is cstly t grw stem cells.
15. What can the new findings cntribute t?
A. Test nvel treatments.B. Eliminate drug trade.
C. Cure all heart diseases.D. develp the heat cells in a safer way.
第二部分 七选五
____16____ The great animal migratin acrss the plains f the Serengeti r the twering pyramids f Egypt are such examples. Every cuntry can be prud f its cultural r natural heritage sites. They have been well prtected, s the living peple can enjy them tday. ____17____ We are lucky t have UNESCO t regard prtectin f heritages as such an imprtant task. It sees heritage as “ur legacy frm the past, what we live with tday, and what we pass n t future generatins” as well as “imprtant surces f life and inspiratin”.
____18____ As a natinal park and nature reserve, Jiuzhaigu Valley, just nrth f the Sichuan Prvince, is hme t impressive snw-cvered muntains, thick frests alive with wild animals, beautiful waterfalls and blue lakes, which can easily take ur breath away. ____19____ Similarly, standing in the shadw f the Brbudur Temple, as the sun rises ver this grand histric building, we are impressed with the effrt, determinatin and intense belief f the peple wh built it with nly primitive tls. It is in places like these that we cannt help but be respectful, cme t understand ur limitatins as human beings, and knw that ur duty is t prtect them fr future generatins.
Heritage sites nt nly ften prvide answers t questins, but als ften pse questins t which there are n final answers at the mment. ____20____ As Cicer remarked, “T knw nthing abut what happened befre yu were brn is t remain always a child.”
A. They shw peple histry and culture.
B. Heritage sites are masterpieces f ur nature.
C. They make us think abut ur time n the earth.
D. And future generatins can knw where they’re frm.
E. There are certain things n the Earth we must nt lse.
F. This dreamlike scenery created by nature is truly a masterpiece.
G. Heritage sites can shw the pwer f nature and the genius f man.
第三部分 完形填空
When Alexa culdn’t crawl, stand r walk as a baby, her mther sensed that smething was wrng. ____21____, dctrs tld her nt t wrry — perhaps Alexa was just a “lazy baby”. After seeing a specialist, thugh, Alexa was ____22____ with a rare disease called spinal muscular atrphy (SMA), which affects the central nervus system and the ____23____ in the bdy.
Thrughut Alexa’s childhd and adlescence, there were n apprved medicatins t ____24____ SMA. It was a tugh ____25____ t face as a kid. Her muscles cntinued t weaken ver time. But as she grew she began t wnder what she culd accmplish despite living with SMA.
Alexa was utging and lved t exercise her ____26____ thrugh pretend play and perfrming. This ____27____ spirit led her t wrk as a child ____28____, appearing in mvies, televisin shws and cmmercials. With hard wrk and determinatin, Alexa graduated frm high schl, ____29____ hme t attend cllege and then went n t law schl, where she ____30____ an experimental drug fr SMA that was in clinical ____31____. Finally she received the first-ever apprved treatment t slw the ____32____ f her disease.
Nw, Alexa wrks as an entertainment lawyer fr a Hllywd prductin cmpany, ensuring child perfrmers ____33____ the help they need t navigate the industry. Althugh Alexa desn’t let her SMA define her, it has certainly ____34____ wh she is tday: ptimistic, curageus and ____35____, leading Alexa t get as much ut f life as she can.
21. A. InitiallyB. GraduallyC. SuddenlyD. Finally
22. A. assciatedB. infectedC. filledD. diagnsed
23. A. bnesB. cellsC. musclesD. rgans
24. A. treatB. preventC. keepD. cntrl
25. A. timeB. realityC. wrldD. life
26. A. bdyB. pwerC. languageD. imaginatin
27. A. adventurusB. hlyC. freeD. cmpetitive
28. A. lawyerB. athleteC. actrD. patient
29. A. gtB. leftC. mvedD. returned
30. A. tried utB. talked abutC. heard abutD. fught fr
31. A. samplesB. settingsC. trialsD. applicatins
32. A. endB. riskC. spreadD. prgressin
33. A. fferB. receiveC. knwD. send
34. A. realizedB. decidedC. rememberedD. shaped
35. A. determinedB. talentedC. learnedD. qualified
第四部分 语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A ____36____ (library) in Indnesia’s Java island is lending bks t children in exchange fr trash they cllect in a nvel way t clean up the envirnment and get the kids t read mre. Each weekday Raden rides her three wheeler with bks ____37____ (pack) up at the back fr children in Muntang village in exchange ____38____ plastic cups, bags and ther waste.
She tld Reuters she is helping cultivate reading in the kids as well make them aware f the envirnment. As sn as she shws up, little children, many f whm ____39____ (accmpany) by their mthers, surrund her “Trash Library” and clamur fr the bks.
They are all carrying trash bags and Raden’s three-wheeler quickly fills up with them as the bks fly ut. She’s happy the kids are ging t spend ____40____ (little) time n nline games as a result. “Let us build a culture f literacy frm yung age t mitigate the harm f the nline wrld,” Raden said. “We shuld als take care f ur waste in rder t fight climate change and ____41____ (save) the earth frm trash,” Raden said.
She cllects abut 100 kg f waste ____42____ week, which is then srted ut by her ____43____ (clleague) and sent fr recycling r sld. She has a stck f 6,000 bks t lend and wants t take the mbile service t ____44____ (neighbur) areas as well.
The literacy rate fr abve-15-year-lds in Indnesia is arund 96 percent, ____45____ a September reprt by the Wrld Bank warned that the pandemic will leave mre than 80% f 15-year-lds belw the minimum reading prficiency level.
第五部分 书面表达
46. 假如你是高中生李华，你的新西兰笔友Jack热爱中国文化，近期打算来中国看望你，写信向你咨询你所在的城市，请你给他写一封回信，内容包括：
1、介绍你的城市；2、推荐旅游景点；3、表达期望。
要求：词数80左右，可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Jack,
I am glad yu will visit Nanchang.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
第六部分 读后续写
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Surviving Munt Rainier
Bad luck and pr timing left Kart and three climbers stuck n Munt Rainier fr several lng days. They faced muntain climbing’s tughest tests. One man suffered altitude sickness; ice and rckfall rained dwn at night; cld nights in a tent that gt trn left them hypthermic(体温过低的). Calm cnfidence, skill and the curage t cntinue up the rute, despite illness and injury, likely saved their lives.
The climbers set ut n a Friday, camping lw n the rute the first night because they were cncerned abut rckfall after a climber had recently died in an accident at the rute’s typical high camp. On Saturday, at abut 10,500 feet, ne f the climbers became sick frm the altitude, which began t slw them dwn. They needed t keep mving, s they put him in the lead s he culd mve at a pace he was cmfrtable with.
By Sunday evening, the ill climber was exhausted, and they had t make an unplanned camp n steep snw. They were in a bad place — n a platfrm abut the size f a table under an ice cliff. The wind gt strnger during the night, ripping the tent and snapping the ples. They tried t secure it by placing their packs and rcks arund the edges. Finally, they just stuck their feet between the rcks and held the tent with their bdies. It was a cld night.
注意：
1. 所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好，
Paragraph 1:
On Mnday, they managed t call 911 but frgt t ask hw t cmmunicate with the rangers (护林员) befre lsing signal.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2
On Wednesday, they gathered everything and decided t carry n with their climb.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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【答案】1. C 2. D 3. B
【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四本值得阅读的小说。
1. 推理判断题。根据“One-Sht Harry”部分关键句“One-Sht Harry is set in L.A. in 1963, as racial tensins are wrsening in advance f Martin Luther King’s upcming Freedm Rally at Wrigley Field.”（One-Sht Harry以1963年洛杉矶为背景，当时种族紧张局势正在恶化，马丁·路德·金即将在箭牌球场举行自由集会。）和“His jb gives him entrée int neighbrhds and events that might therwise be ff-limits t him because f his race.”（他的工作使他能够进入因种族原因可能禁止他进入的地区和活动。）可知，1963年种族紧张局势正在恶化，黑人因种族原因被禁止进入一些地区和活动，由此可知，1963年，由于种族歧视，黑人无法进入许多地方。故选C项。
2. 推理判断题。根据“This Time Tmrrw”部分关键句“Straub’s new nvel is a time-travel fantasy filled with her signature awareness f the infinite ways we humans make life harder fr urselves.”（斯特劳布的新小说是一部穿越时空的奇幻小说，其中充满了她特有的意识，即人类以无限方式使自己的生活更加艰难。）可知，This Time Tmrrw是一部穿越时空的奇幻小说，由此可知，穿越小说爱好者的最佳选择是This Time Tmrrw。故选D项。
3. 细节理解题。根据“Knck Off the Hat”部分关键句“Richard Lipez, wh wrte under the penname Richard Stevensn, was a grundbreaking authr f gay detective nvels featuring private eye Dnald Strachey.”（理查德·利佩兹以理查德·史蒂文森的笔名写作，他是一位开创性的同性恋侦探小说作家，以私家侦探唐纳德·斯特拉奇为主角。）可知，理查德·史蒂文森是一位开创性的同性恋侦探小说作家，由此可知，理查德·史蒂文森写的同性恋侦探小说让他出名。故选B项。
【答案】4. D 5. C 6. A 7. B
【解析】这是一篇报道文章。文章主要讲述了一位著名的女性生物医学科学家希望更多的女性能够选择做自己喜欢的事情，而不是陷入过去人们期望她们扮演的传统角色。
1. 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“A leading female bimedical scientist hpes mre wmen will chse t d what they like in life(一位著名的女性生物医学科学家希望更多的女性能够选择做她们生活中喜欢做的事情)”可知，Zhang Xin是一名杰出的女性科学家，故选D。
2. 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Zhang has been fcusing n research invlving magnetic fields and hw t use them t imprve human health. (张一直专注于磁场研究以及如何利用磁场改善人类健康。)”以及“It has a very strng magnet inside and can help dctrs see inside yur bdy.(它有一个非常强大的内部磁铁，可以帮助医生看到你的身体内部。)”可知，张的研究目的是改善人类健康，所举例子说明了医生利用她的研究改善人类健康的方式，故选C。
3. 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“I chse medicine because my grandpa was a very excellent dctr and my parents hped that I culd be a dctr t.(我选择医学是因为我爷爷是一位非常优秀的医生，我父母希望我也能成为一名医生)”可知，张选择生物医药专业的原因是受到家庭的影响，故选A。
4. 推理判断题。根据第五段中的“She said he is nt s much helping her as simply ding what every father shuld d.(她说，与其说他在帮助她，不如说他只是在做每个父亲都应该做的事。)”可知，张觉得丈夫参与抚养孩子只是尽到了一个父亲应该尽的义务，故选B。
【答案】8. A 9. A 10. D 11. B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了在主流文化的大伞下还存在着各种各样的亚文化，介绍了美国各种亚文化的形成及其特点。
1. 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“If the analgy(类比) f a melting pt is applied t American culture, subcultures might be the individual ingredients in the sup. (如果把美国文化比作熔炉，那么亚文化可能就是汤里的各种食材)”以及“Subcultures exist within the dminant culture f a sciety.(亚文化存在于一个社会的主导文化中)”可知，文章中提到熔炉的目的是解释亚文化如何共存，故选A。
2. 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“It is part f the main culture, but its members share ne r mre cmmn differences. Thse differences may be due t shared experiences, custms, traits, r preferences, amng ther things. (它（亚文化）是主流文化的一部分，但其成员有一个或多个共同的差异。这些差异可能是由于共同的经历、习俗、特点或偏好等原因造成的)”可知，亚文化可以基于共同的偏好形成，故选A。
3. 词句猜测题。根据划线处后文“characteristics f them include distressed clthing, studded leather, cmbat bts, and clrfully dyed hair.(它们的特点包括破旧的衣服、镶嵌的皮革、战靴和彩色染发)”可知，这里的他们指的是朋克摇滚文化的参与者。根据第三段“It is part f the main culture, but its members share ne r mre cmmn differences. Thse differences may be due t shared experiences, custms, traits, r preferences, amng ther things. (它是主流文化的一部分，但其成员有一个或多个共同的差异。这些差异可能是由于共同的经历、习俗、特点或偏好等原因造成的)”可知，亚文化的形成是一类人基于共同的偏好，所以这一类人应具有共同的固定的典型特征。A. Likeable很受欢迎的；B. Annying烦人的；C. Flexible灵活的；D. Fixed固定的；选项D符合语境，故选D。
4. 推理判断题。第一段讲述了亚文化是存在于主流文化保护伞下的一种文化；第二段讲述了各种亚文化如何共生；第三段讲述了亚文化的形成；第四段讲述了亚文化的种类；第五段讲述亚文化参与者的特征；全文未出现表达作者对亚文化态度或观点的句子，作者以一种客观的态度向读者介绍了什么是亚文化，故选B。
【答案】12. D 13. B 14. C 15. A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了SpaceX的第20次任务升空到国际空间站所进行的实验，并对实验的背景和所具有的重大意义进行了介绍。
1. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“When SpaceX’s 20th missin lifted ff t the Internatinal Space Statin, beating heart cells were alng fr the ride. After 22 days, the heart cells were returned t Earth — and they were still beating. This experiment marks a significant step tward helping heart patients n Earth in the future.(当SpaceX的第20次任务升空到国际空间站时，跳动的心脏细胞随之而来。22天后，心脏细胞被送回地球，它们仍然在跳动。这项实验标志着在未来帮助地球上的心脏病患者迈出了重要的一步)”可知这个实验标志着在未来帮助地球上的心脏病患者迈出了重要的一步，即对地球上的心脏病患者意义重大；故选D项。
2. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“When her experiment using simulated zer-gravity n Earth shwed prmising steps tward quickly and safely prducing cardimycytes, Xu saw space as the prving grund. Her experiment was chsen t fly n the space statin in rder t determine hw the absence f gravity impacts stem cells that are essentially turned int heart cells.(当她在地球上使用模拟零重力进行的实验显示出快速安全地生产心肌细胞的有希望的步骤时，Xu将太空视为试验场。她的实验被选中在空间站上飞行，以确定没有重力如何影响干细胞，这些干细胞基本上变成了心脏细胞)”可知Xu把她的实验送上太空的原因是为了测试在无重力的情况如何影响干细胞使其加速变成心脏细胞，即测试一种加速干细胞生长的方法；故选B项。
3. 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“When these live cells returned t Earth, Xu and her clleagues discvered that the stem cells grw faster in zer gravity.(当这些活细胞返回地球时，Xu和她的同事发现干细胞在失重状态下生长得更快)”可知在失重状态下，干细胞生长的更快，即失重状态对干细胞的生长是理想的；故选C项。
4. 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“This rapid ability t grw cardimycytes culd generate a large number f healthy heart cells fr children and adults with varius heart diseases. With these new findings, the research culd lead a mre efficient and cst-effective way t develp the heart cells n Earth fr patients in need. The cells have great ptential t treat children and adults.(这种快速生长心肌细胞的能力可以为患有各种心脏病的儿童和成人产生大量健康的心脏细胞。 有了这些新发现，这项研究可以引导一种更有效和更具成本效益的方式来为有需要的患者产生地球上的心脏细胞。这些细胞具有治疗儿童和成人的巨大潜力)”可知这个实验发现的这种快速生长心肌细胞可以为各种心脏病儿童和成人产生健康心细胞，这项研究可以引导一种更有效和更具成本效益的方式来产生需要的心脏细胞，所谓更有效和更具成本效益的方式即一种新的治疗方法。故这个实验的贡献就是为这些心脏病患者测试出了心的治疗方法；故选A项。
【答案】16. E 17. D 18. G 19. F 20. C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了地球上的文化或自然遗产的重要作用和意义。
1. 根据后文“The great animal migratin acrss the plains f the Serengeti r the twering pyramids f Egypt are such examples. Every cuntry can be prud f its cultural r natural heritage sites. They have been well prtected, s the living peple can enjy them tday.(穿越塞伦盖蒂平原或埃及高耸的金字塔的动物大迁徙就是这样的例子。每个国家都可以为其文化或自然遗产感到自豪。它们得到了很好的保护，所以活着的人今天可以享受它们)”可知，后文列举了例子来说明地球上的某些东西我们不能失去，故E选项“地球上有些东西是我们不能失去的”符合语境，故选E。
2. 根据上文“The great animal migratin acrss the plains f the Serengeti r the twering pyramids f Egypt are such examples. Every cuntry can be prud f its cultural r natural heritage sites. They have been well prtected, s the living peple can enjy them tday.(穿越塞伦盖蒂平原或埃及高耸的金字塔的动物大迁徙就是这样的例子。每个国家都可以为其文化或自然遗产感到自豪。它们得到了很好的保护，所以活着的人今天可以享受它们)”以及后文“We are lucky t have UNESCO t regard prtectin f heritages as such an imprtant task. It sees heritage as “ur legacy frm the past, what we live with tday, and what we pass n t future generatins” as well as “imprtant surces f life and inspiratin”.(联合国教科文组织将保护遗产视为如此重要的任务，这是我们的幸运。它认为遗产是“我们从过去留下的遗产，我们今天生活的东西，以及我们传给子孙后代的东西”，也是“生命和灵感的重要来源”)”可知，本句承接上文说明这些文化或自然遗产得到保护的意义，后文提到了传给后代，即后代可以知道他们来自哪里。故D选项“后代可以知道他们来自哪里”符合语境，故选D。
3. 根据后文“As a natinal park and nature reserve, Jiuzhaigu Valley, just nrth f the Sichuan Prvince, is hme t impressive snw-cvered muntains, thick frests alive with wild animals, beautiful waterfalls and blue lakes, which can easily take ur breath away.(作为一个国家公园和自然保护区，九寨沟位于四川省北部，拥有令人印象深刻的雪山、茂密的森林和野生动物，美丽的瀑布和蓝色的湖泊，很容易让我们屏住呼吸)”可知，后文举出了九寨沟的例子来说明遗产遗址的作用之一是展示自然的力量。故G选项“遗产遗址可以展示自然的力量和人类的天才”符合语境，故选G。
4. 根据上文“As a natinal park and nature reserve, Jiuzhaigu Valley, just nrth f the Sichuan Prvince, is hme t impressive snw-cvered muntains, thick frests alive with wild animals, beautiful waterfalls and blue lakes, which can easily take ur breath away.(作为一个国家公园和自然保护区，九寨沟位于四川省北部，拥有令人印象深刻的雪山、茂密的森林和野生动物，美丽的瀑布和蓝色的湖泊，很容易让我们屏住呼吸)”可知，上文提到了九寨沟的自然美景，可知本句承接上文对此进行评价。故F选项“大自然创造的梦幻风景真是杰作”符合语境，故选F。
5. 根据上文“Heritage sites nt nly ften prvide answers t questins, but als ften pse questins t which there are n final answers at the mment.(遗产遗址不仅经常提供问题的答案，而且经常提出目前没有最终答案的问题)”以及后文“As Cicer remarked, “T knw nthing abut what happened befre yu were brn is t remain always a child.”(正如西塞罗所说：“对你出生前发生的事一无所知，就等于永远是个孩子。”)”可知，本句承接上文继续说明遗产遗址的作用，C选项中They指代上文Heritage sites。故C选项“它们让我们思考我们在地球上的时光”符合语境，故选C。
【答案】21. A 22. D 23. C 24. A 25. B 26. D 27. A 28. C 29. B 30. C 31. C 32. D 33. B 34. D 35. A
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了从小患有脊髓性肌萎缩症的小女孩Alexa勇敢面对生活的挑战，经过不懈的努力以及坚定的意志，最后战胜命运，取得理想人生的故事。
1. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：最初，医生告诉她不要担心，也许Alexa只是一个“懒孩子”。A. Initially最初地；B. Gradually逐渐地；C. Suddenly突然地；D. Finally最后。根据后文“After seeing a specialist, thugh, Alexa was ______ with a rare disease called spinal muscular atrphy (SMA)”可知，一开始，医生并没有诊断出Alexa患病，故选A。
2. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，在看了专家之后，Alexa患有一种罕见的疾病，称为脊髓性肌萎缩（SMA）。A. assciated联系；B. infected感染；C. filled充满；D. diagnsed诊断。Alexa去看了专家，所以应当是被专家诊断出患了脊髓性肌萎缩，故选D。
3. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：影响中枢神经系统和身体肌肉。A.bnes骨头；B. cells细胞；C. muscles肌肉； D. rgans器官。根据前文“a rare disease called spinal muscular atrphy”可知，该疾病会影响人的肌肉，故选C。
4. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：没有批准的药物治疗SMA。A. treat治疗；B. prevent阻止；C. keep保持；D. cntrl控制。根据前文“medicatins”可知，药物是用来治疗SMA疾病的，故选A。
5. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为一个孩子，这是一个不幸的现实。随着时间的推移，她的肌肉继续变弱。A. time时间；B. reality现实；C. wrld世界；D. life生命。根据前文“there were n apprved medicatins t ______ SMA.”以及后文“Her muscles cntinued t weaken ver time.”可知，Alexa要面对没有药物治疗疾病，肌肉不断萎缩的情况，这些都是现实，无法改变，故选B。
6. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Alexa性格外向，喜欢通过假装游戏和表演锻炼身体。A. bdy 身体；B. pwer力量；C. language语言；D. imaginatin想象力。根据后文“thrugh pretend play and perfrming.”可知，Alexa因为身体疾病不能自由活动，只能假装游戏和表演，这可以锻炼她的想象力，故选D。
7. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这种敢于创新的精神使她成为一名儿童演员，出演电影、电视节目和商业广告。A. adventurus创新的，冒险的；B. hly神圣的；C. free免费的；D. cmpetitive竞争的。根据前文“Alexa was utging and lved t exercise her ______ thrugh pretend play and perfrming.”可知，Alexa虽不能自由活动，但用假装游戏和表演这种富有创新精神的方式锻炼身体，故选A。
8. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种敢于创新的精神使她成为一名儿童演员，出演电影、电视节目和商业广告。A. lawyer律师；B. athlete运动员；C. actr演员；D. patient病人。根据后文“appearing in mvies, televisin shws and cmmercials.”可知，Alexa出现在电影，电视节目和商业广告中，所以Alexa是一名儿童演员，故选C。
9. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：凭借努力和决心，Alexa高中毕业，离家上大学，然后进入法学院。A. gt得到；B. left离开；C. mved移动；D. returned返回；根据前文“Alexa graduated frm high schl”和后文“attend cllege and then went n t law schl”可知，Alexa高中毕业后离开家去上大学，故选B。
10. 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：她在那里听说了一种治疗SMA的实验药物，该药物正在进行临床试验。A. tried ut试用；B. talked abut谈论；C. heard abut听说；D. fught fr为……而战。根据后文“that was in clinical ______.”可知，该药还处于临床实验阶段未投入使用，所以Alexa应当是听说了关于这个药物的实验，故选C。
11. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她在那里听说了一种治疗SMA的实验药物，该药物正在进行临床试验。A. samples样本；B. settings设置；C. trials试验；D. applicatins应用程序。根据后文“Finally she received the first-ever apprved treatment t slw the ______ f her disease.”可知，Alexa最后服用量经过批准的药物，说明 Alexa在听说这个药物时，该药物还没有通过批准，应当是处于实验阶段，故选C。
12. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：最后，她接受了有史以来第一次批准的治疗，以减缓病情的进展。A. end结束；B. risk冒险；C. spread传播；D. prgressin进展，发展。根据语境可知，Alexa服用药物的目的是减缓病情的发展，故选D。
13. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：确保儿童演员得到他们在这个行业中所需要的帮助。A. ffer提供；B. receive收到，接收；C. knw知道；D. send送。根据前文“Nw, Alexa wrks as an entertainment lawyer fr a Hllywd prductin cmpany”可知，Alexa在一家好莱坞制作公司担任娱乐律师，律师的职责向他人提供帮助，确保他人得到帮助，保护自身利益，故选B。
14. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这无疑塑造了她今天的形象。A. realized意识到；B. decided决定；C. remembered记住；D. shaped塑造。根据后文“wh she is tday: ptimistic, curageus and ______, leading Alexa t get as much ut f life as she can.”可知，疾病让Alexa成为了她自己，塑造了她的品格，故选D。
15. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Alexa不让她的SMA定义她，但它确实塑造了她今天的样子：乐观、勇敢和坚定，使Alexa尽可能地从生活中获得更多。A. determined有决心的；B. talented 有天分的；C. learned知识渊博的；D. qualified合格的。根据前文“With hard wrk and determinatin”可知，Alexa是一个有决心的人，故选A。
【答案】36. librarian 37. packed 38. fr 39. are accmpanied 40. less 41. t save 42. a 43. clleagues 44. neighburing 45. but
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了印尼爪哇岛图书馆借书给孩子们，以一种新颖的方式换取孩子们收集的垃圾，从而清理环境，让孩子们多读书。
1. 考查名词。句意：印尼爪哇岛的一位图书管理员正在借书给孩子们，以一种新颖的方式换取孩子们收集的垃圾，从而清理环境，让孩子们多读书。根据后文的“is lending bks t children ”可知，主语应当是人，librarian有图书管理员含义，符合语境，故填librarian。
2. 考查非谓语动词。句意：每个工作日，雷登都会骑着她的三轮车，在车的后面是为蒙堂村的孩子们打包的书。分析句子结构可知，句子已有谓语动词rides，所以pack应当使用非谓语动词形式，动词pack与逻辑主语bks之间为动宾关系，故pack使用过去分词形式做后置定语修饰bks，故填packed。
3. 考查介词。句意：每个工作日，雷登都会骑着她的三轮车，把书放在车的后面，送给孟塘村的孩子们，以换取塑料杯、塑料袋和其他垃圾。根据“in exchange fr...(交换……)”可知，当表达“交换”含义时，介词用fr，故填fr。
4. 考查被动语态。句意：她一出现，孩子们就围在她的“垃圾图书馆”周围，大声嚷嚷着要书，其中许多孩子都有母亲陪伴。从句主语为many f whm，谓语动词为accmpany，宾语为their mthers，结合语境可知，主语与谓语动词之间构成被动关系，故谓语动词使用被动语态；因从句描述的是一种事实，故使用一般现在时态，故填are accmpanied。
5. 考查形容词比较级。句意：她很高兴孩子们会因此减少在网络游戏上的时间。根据前文“They are all carrying trash bags and Raden’s three-wheeler quickly fills up with them as the bks fly ut.”可知，孩子们积极地用收集来的垃圾换取图书，花在读书上的时间多了，花在网络游戏上的时间自然比之前少了，故填less。
6. 考查动词不定式。句意：我们还应该关注废物，以应对气候变化，并从垃圾中拯救地球，雷登说。分析句意可知，关注废物的目的是为了拯救地球，所以空格处使用动词不定式结构做谓语动词take care f 的目的状语，故填t save。
7. 考查不定冠词。句意：她每周收集大约100公斤垃圾，然后由她的同事整理，然后送去回收或出售。根据后文的week可知，week为可数名词单数，所以空格处应填表达单数含义的不定冠词a/an，因week的首字母发音为辅音音素，故填a。
8. 考查名词。句意：她每周收集大约100公斤垃圾，然后由她的同事整理，然后送去回收或出售。clleague为可数名词，根据句意，同事不止一人，故空格处应使用可数名词的复数形式，故填clleagues。
9. 考查形容词。句意：她有6000本书可借出，还想把移动服务带到邻近地区。根据后文名词areas可知，空格处应使用形容词形式做定语修饰名词，动词neighbur的形容词形式为neighburing，表示“邻近的，附近的”，故填neighburing。
10. 考查连词。句意：印尼15岁以上儿童的识字率约为96%，但世界银行9月份的一份报告警告说，流行病将使80%以上的15岁儿童处于最低阅读水平。根据后文的“the Wrld Bank warned that the pandemic will leave mre than 80% f 15-year-lds belw the minimum reading prficiency level.”可知，流行病使印尼儿童的阅读水平下降，与前文印尼15岁以上孩子的高识字率形成转折关系，故填but。
【答案】One pssible versin:
Dear Jack,
I’m glad yu will visit Nanchang. I wuld like t recmmend the great city t yu.
Lcated in the nrth f Jiangxi Prvince, Nanchang has a splendid histry f mre than 2,000 years, which is nw knwn as “Her City” with the Bayi Uprising Memrial Hall and the Uprising Mnument. There are a large number f attractins t visit, ne example f which is Aixi lake. Yu can find the sweet birdsng eched arund the lake. When a gentle warm breeze strkes the face, the air is filled with the pleasant smell f flwer. If yu cme here, yu will find it a true feast fr yur eyes.
Nanchang is an amazing place which is wrth a visit. Yur trip t Nanchang is sure t be enjyable.
Yurs,
Li Hua
【解析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给热爱中国文化，近期打算来中国看望你的新西兰笔友Jack，写一封回信，内容包括：介绍你的城市；推荐旅游景点；表达期望。
1.词汇积累
辉煌的：splendid→glrius
许多：a large number f→a lt f
充满：be filled with→be full f
令人愉快的：pleasant→delightful
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Yu can find the sweet birdsng eched arund the lake.
拓展句：Yu can find the sweet birdsng eched arund the lake, which can make yu relaxed.
【点睛】
[高分句型1] Lcated in the nrth f Jiangxi Prvince, Nanchang has a splendid histry f mre than 2,000 years, which is nw knwn as “Her City” with the Bayi Uprising Memrial Hall and the Uprising Mnument. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2] There are a large number f attractins t visit, ne example f which is Aixi lake. (运用了介词+which引导的非限制性定语从句)
【答案】One pssible versin:
On Mnday, they managed t call 911 but frgt t ask hw t cmmunicate with the rangers (护林员) befre lsing signal. They set up what was left f the tent as best they culd and stayed where they were, praying fr the early arrival f their salvatin. But fr several days, they watched beynd all hpe as high winds prevented the rangers’ attempts at a helicpter rescue. Their fd was running ut and they shared a single bttle f snw melt each day. Then an icefall buried their tent platfrm and squeezed them tgether. It was impssible t climb dwn.
On Wednesday, they gathered everything and decided t carry n with their climb. They climbed up slwly and carefully, resting when they were weak. It didn’t take lng until the wind frze them in place. That was the scariest mment. Their spirits began t sink and they started t dubt if they culd cntinue. Kart thught f all the peple wh lved him, and it really hit him they must be wrried. As he tried t climb again and again, he just kept yelling ut t his friends, “We have t get there.” Hwever, as they gt nt the final slpe t the summit, the weather cleared. Suddenly, a helicpter appeared ut f nwhere. They were rescued.
【解析】本篇书面表达是读后续写，文章讲述了Kart和三位被困雷尼尔山登山者的遭遇。故事按照时间顺序展开。他们在周五出发，周六，一位队员的高原反应减缓他们的速度，让他们在周日不得不更换临时扎营地点——在冰崖下一个桌子那么大的平台上。糟糕的帐篷的选址以及恶劣的天气使他们帐篷严重受损，让他们度过寒冷的一晚上。周一他们联系上911，但是恶劣天气让救援无法到达，食物要耗尽，此时也无法下山。因此，周三他们聚集所有物品决定继续向上攀登上山，历经艰辛与危险，终于爬到山顶，天气放晴，他们得救了。
1. 段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“周一，他们设法拨打了911，但在失去信号之前忘记询问如何与护林员沟通。”可知，第一段可描写他们只能在原地等待救援，但是恶劣的天气让救援人员和直升飞机过不来，食品也要耗尽，冰崩让他们本来就很小的地方无法立足，也无法下山。
②由第二段首句内容“星期三，他们收集了所有东西，并决定继续攀登。”可知，第二段可描写他们向上攀登，虽然中途遇到困难，仍然坚持到最后，爬上山顶，得救了。
2. 续写线索：等待救援——希望落空——决定继续攀登——困难重重——克服困难——爬到山顶——得救
3. 词汇激活：
行为类：
①期盼：pray fr/expect/hpe fr
②尽最大努力做某事：try t d/spare n effrt t d
③大声喊：yell ut /shut ut/speak in a lud vice
情绪类：
①失去信心：lse heart/ their spirits begin t sink
②积极：psitive attitude/act psitively
③害怕：scared/frightened
【点睛】
【高分句型1】They set up what was left f the tent as best they culd and stayed where they were, praying fr the early arrival f their salvatin. (由what引导宾语从句、where引导的地点状语从句和非谓语动词作做伴随状语)
【高分句型2】It didn’t take lng until the wind frze them in place.(until引导的时间状语从句)
【高分句型3】It was his brave heart and strng faith that culd make smething unusual happen finally. (由It 结构引导的强调句型)