福建省宁德市2021-2022学年高一下学期期末质量检测英语试题含答案

这是一份福建省宁德市2021-2022学年高一下学期期末质量检测英语试题含答案，共21页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，七选五，完形填空，根据所给汉语提示填空，根据汉语意思填写单词，用单词的适当形式完成短文，其他应用文，读后续写等内容，欢迎下载使用。
福建省宁德市2021-2022学年高一下学期期末质量检测英语试题
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
一、阅读理解
One of the best ways to sightsee your way through a new city is with the help of a local. With this in mind, U.S. News rounded up several Chicago’s best guided tours. You’ll gain a cultural and historical understanding of the Windy City during these tours.
Chicago Food Planet
The three-hour tour centers on the West Loop neighborhood’s amazing food scene and the history and culture of the area. Ticket prices cost $65 for adults and $50 for children ages 12 and younger. Tours are offered Thursday through Sunday at 1 p.m.
Absolutely Chicago Segway Tour
The 8-mile journey on easy-to-ride, two-wheeled, battery-powered vehicles lasts about 21 hours. It has many of the city’s most popular attractions, including Millennium Park, Grant Park, Monroe Harbor, the Field Museum. Tickets cost at least $76, depending on date and time. Note that riders must be at least 12 years old. Tours are offered daily.
Bobby’s Bike Hike Chicago
This tour combines bicycling, food and beer. The four-hour, 13-mile ride is from Gold Coast to Lincoln Park neighborhoods with stops for pizza, beer, cupcakes and hot dogs. Tickets for adults, which include the bike rental as well as food and drinks, cost $86.99 for weekday rides (weekend rides are slightly more expensive). Participants must be at least 21 years old.
Chicago Pizza Tour
On this 31-hour tour, you’ll visit four independently run neighborhood pizzerias and taste six or more pieces. Many reviewers insist that the tour is about more than just pizza and covers Chicago history, architecture and culture. Tickets cost $60 for adults and $36 for children.
1. What can you do on Absolutely Chicago Segway Tour?
A. Taste some pizza. B. Enjoy some beer.
C. Visit a museum. D. Go to Lincoln Park.
2. Which of the following is the cheapest for adults?
A. Chicago Food Planet. B. Absolutely Chicago Segway Tour.
C. Bobby’s Bike Hike Chicago. D. Chicago Pizza Tour.
3. What is the purpose of this text?
A. To promote food sales. B. To introduce Chicago.
C. To share a travel review. D. To recommend some tours.

It is natural for young people to admire cool and good-looking young “idols”(偶像). We spend a lot of time caring about them — even more time than we spend on our studies or work. We often wonder: What makes them so popular? What could I do to be cool like them?
Well, guess what? Many of your idols are only made to “look” cool. If you could see into their private lives, you would find these stars aren’t so bright. Their beauty is only skin-deep. Some of them might not be as honest, kind or hard-working as you are! They aren’t worth the popularity that they enjoy at all!
When I was a teenager, I, along with most of my classmates, had admired pop idols, too. Then, one day, I discovered Leonard Cohen and Neil Young. They were ordinary-looking people who played the guitar while sitting on a bench. They wore no flashy(奢华的) clothes, and they had no screaming fans. They didn’t need to be flashy because their songs were great and meaningful. They told the truth: Life is hard and the road you take might sometimes be lonely. Most of all, they taught me that it was okay if I was not popular and cool all of the time. I still listen to them today.
Modern “idol culture” often sends the wrong message that life is always easy and fun. But the best actors, the top-ranking sports stars and the most creative scientists all have scars(伤疤) from the stress of dealing with many life difficulties. Many of the successful “outgoing” people we admire today were shy when they were teenagers.
Idols can serve as important role models in our lives, so it’s very important to choose the right ones. We should celebrate people who teach us important values that can help to guide us on the road ahead. The next time you see some pretty, popular “stars,” ask yourself: Do I really need these people in my life?
4. What is the function of the underlined sentences in the first paragraph?
A. To prove the author’s argument.
B. To interest readers in reading further.
C. To show the importance of the idol culture.
D. To serve as the topic sentence of the paragraph.
5. What’s the author’s attitude towards admiring idols?
A. He understands it. B. He is against it.
C. He supports it. D. He is uninterested in it.
6. What can we infer from Paragraph 3?
A. All the teenagers admire pop stars.
B. Leonard and Neil are famous musicians.
C. Life is easy and fun for stars.
D. Being popular and cool is not necessarily important.
7. Which of the following ideas does the author agree with?
A. Teenagers should be cool like stars.
B. Teenagers should say no to the wrong idols.
C. Role models should be chosen from idols.
D. Wrong messages are from idol culture.

Not even the sea is safe from the glare(强光) of humans’ light at night. Researchers published the first global maps of ocean light pollution. It shows large parts of the sea lit up at night. And that risks confusing or disrupting the behaviors of sea life.
Tim Smyth led a team to research where in the water this glow is strongest. Smyth and his colleagues started with a world map of man-made night-sky brightness that had been created in 2016. Then they added data on the ocean and atmosphere. Some data came from shipboard measurements of man-made light in the water. Others came from satellite images that judge how clear the water is. Particles(微粒) in the water, such as tiny floating plants and animals, can affect how far downward light travels. These factors vary from place to place and may change with the seasons. The team also used computers to copy how different wavelengths of light move through water.
Next, they wanted to know how that underwater light might affect animals. Not all species will be easily affected. The team focused on copepods(桡足亚纲甲壳动物) . These common creatures are a key part of many ocean food webs. They use light as a signal to move all together to the dark deep, seeking safety from other surface creatures. Normally they use the sun or the winter moon as their signal. Too much man-made light can mess up their usual patterns.
Light pollution is strongest in about three feet of the water. Here, man-made light can be strong enough to confuse the copepods. Nearly 2 million square kilometers of ocean get such strong night light. That’s an area about the size of Mexico. Farther down, the light gets weaker. But even 65 feet deep, it’s still bright enough to bother copepods across 840,000 square kilometers of ocean.
The team described its findings December 13 in Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene.
8. Which of the following best explains the underlined word “disrupting” in Paragraph 1?
A. Upsetting. B. Observing. C. Ensuring. D. Protecting.
9. What do we know about copepods from the passage?
A. They are not affected by underwater light.
B. They can escape attacks with the help of light.
C. They are main eaters of other creatures.
D. They can weaken the effect of man-made light.
10. How does the author show the seriousness of light pollution in Paragraph 4?
A. By stating opinions. B. By listing numbers.
C. By raising questions. D. By giving reasons.
11. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Light Pollution from Sea Life B. Living Conditions of Copepods
C. Discoveries of Copepods D. Light Pollution Even in Sea

二、七选五
Not many people are interested in spending time, money, and effort to learn a foreign language these days. They think that knowing their mother tongue and the English language is good enough. ___12___ I feel strongly that everyone should learn at least one other foreign language in their lifetime.
The most obvious benefit of knowing another language is that you can communicate more easily with people from different parts of the world. You will be able to learn more about another culture and form new friendships. Traveling to other countries would be easy. ___13___ In addition, you will be able to enjoy more variety in entertainment and reading material.
___14___ Students who learn an additional language besides English are known to do better in English and Mathematics. This is because the skills involved in learning a new language such as analytical skills are equally important in learning other subjects. As you learn a new language, you practice these skills and become even better.
Finally, the ability to communicate in another language is valuable when you want to get a job. ___15___ This is why you will be able to deal with people from other parts of the world. Learning a foreign language does not only make it easier for you to find a job but also make you more valuable to your employer.
In conclusion, there are many benefits that come from learning a foreign language. Therefore, I strongly recommend that everyone learn an additional language. ___16___
A. The benefits gained are worth the time and effort spent.
B. Imagine being able to read and understand Japanese cartoons.
C. You will have the advantage over those who know fewer languages.
D. Learning a foreign language can also help you improve your studies.
E. This is a pity because there are many benefits to learning a foreign language.
F. Learning a new language for children could be as important as learning music.
G. For example, knowing French, you can easily travel in most European countries.

三、完形填空
Many years ago, when I was driving on the highway, the car in front of me had a flat tire(轮胎). It went out of ___17___ and crashed into a big tree on the roadside. I ___18___ my car and walked up to see if they were OK. The lady driver was clearly in a state of ___19___. She was shaking and I asked if she needed help. She asked to ___20___ my phone. Midway through the call, she ___21___ it back and asked me to speak to her ___22___. I explained where we were and he ___23___ me to drive her to the nearest highway service station.
Considering the time and the fact that she was ___24___, I agreed it was the safest thing to do. We drove down to the station and went inside for a coffee. The place was more or less ___25___ and I didn’t feel comfortable leaving her on her own, so I ___26___ with her until 2 hours later, when her husband ___27___. They both thanked me profusely. I said my ___28___ and got back on the highway.
Two years later, I ___29___ for a position at a bank. The interviewer ___30___ to be the lady who had the accident on the highway. In the interview, she said “I’ve already known what kind of person you are, thank you again. The ___31___ is yours if you want it.”
17. A. business B. style C. use D. control
18. A. drove B. boarded C. caught D. parked
19. A. relief B. shock C. gratitude D. shame
20. A. borrow B. answer C. show D. check
21. A. handed B. got C. pushed D. threw
22. A. father B. husband C. friend D. brother
23. A. begged B. ordered C. invited D. promised
24. A. homesick B. careless C. selfish D. alone
25. A. empty B. noisy C. tidy D. smelly
26. A. worked B. argued C. stayed D. lived
27. A. gave up B. turned up C. woke up D. cheered up
28. A. greetings B. worries C. goodbyes D. thoughts
29. A. competed B. sent C. paid D. thanked
30. A. desired B. happened C. pretended D. failed
31. A. plan B. honour C. role D. dream

四、根据所给汉语提示填空
32. Why not ________ ________ (参加……的选拔) for the school football team?
33. In the 20th century, the southern part of Ireland ________ ________ (脱离) from the UK.
34. Our supply of water will ________ ________ (耗尽) if the drought continues for one more month.
35. One woman ________ ________ (被……绊倒) the stone and her water pot went crashing to the ground.

五、根据汉语意思填写单词
36. Hearing the news, he soon gave up the attempt ________ ________ (绝望地).

六、用单词的适当形式完成短文
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Before the USSR sent the Sputnik 1 to orbit Earth in 1957 and Yuri Gagarin into space in 1961, exploring space was just ___37___ dream. American Neil Armstrong stepped onto the moon in 1969, ___38___ (make) “one giant leap for mankind”. After this, many more goals ___39___ (achieve). Although scientists tried to make sure everything was all right, accidents still happened. All the astronauts on the USSR’s Soyuz 11 ___40___ America’s Challenger died during their missions. These disasters made everyone sad and ___41___ (disappoint), but the desire to explore space continued. The International Space Station ___42___ astronauts from different countries work together is a good example. China became the third country ___43___ (send) humans into space in 2003, when Yang Liwei ___44___ (successful) orbited Earth in Shenzhou 5, followed ___45___ further Shenzhou missions and vehicles to explore the moon, Jade Rabbit and Chang’e 4. Europe, the US and China now plan to explore Mars and Jupiter. Through space ___46___ (explore), scientists hope future discoveries will enable us to understand how the universe began and how to survive well into the future.

七、其他应用文
47. 假定你是李华，你校将举办庆祝共青团建团100周年英语演讲活动，请以“How to be an excellent teenager”为主题写一篇演讲稿。要点如下：
1. 建议（如学会分享，与人沟通等）及其理由；
2. 发出倡议。
注意：1. 词数80左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；
3. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
My dear friends,
I am very pleased to stand here and give a speech.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
That’s all, thank you!

八、读后续写
48. 阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
On Saturday night, my best friend called and invited me to her birthday the next day. I was very excited to go there, but I needed permission from my parents.
I went to my dad’s room and softly said, “Dad, tomorrow is my best friend’s birthday and I really want to go.” Papa said, “OK. I don’t mind, but ask your mom.”
I asked my mom and she said, “OK. You can go, but you have to be back before 10.”
The next morning my mom was surprised to see me. No alarm. No Mom’s warning. I just woke up by myself. Finally, the whole day had passed and it was party time. My dad dropped me off at my friend’s place and told me that he would pick me up at 10. I said “OK” and ran away.
I enjoyed myself a lot at the party. We had dinner and played so many games. It was 10 finally. I remembered my mom telling me that I should be back before 10. I came out and started searching for my dad, but I could not find him. I was so worried and scared. I waited and waited, and then I started walking. I thought at least I could walk home as my house was 20 minutes away from my friend’s. As I was walking, I was crying as I had never walked alone on the road that late at night.
Suddenly I heard someone shouting something. I was scared and started walking fast. I thought some criminal(不法分子) was there. As I was walking fast, I heard someone walking fast behind me. I started running and crying, and then I saw some parked cars. I hid behind the cars. I saw a shadow searching for me. I hoped someone would help me. After a while, I could not see the shadow, so I came out slowly and ran towards my home.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Paragraph 1:
Finally, I arrived home, and I began crying when I saw my mom.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
Hearing what my dad said, my mom couldn’t help laughing.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


【答案】1. C 2. D 3. D
【解析】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了《美国新闻》总结的芝加哥的几条旅游路线，帮助游客了解风城的文化和历史。
1. 细节理解题。根据Absolutely Chicago Segway Tour标题下“It has many of the city’s most popular attractions, including Millennium Park, Grant Park, Monroe Harbor, the Field Museum.（它有许多城市最受欢迎的景点，包括千禧公园、格兰特公园、门罗港、菲尔德博物馆。）”可知，在Absolutely Chicago Segway Tour这一旅游路线中，游客可以参观公园，还可以参观门罗港、菲尔德博物馆。故选C。
2. 细节理解题。对比每条路线下的价格提示可知，Chicago Pizza Tour线路中“Tickets cost $60 for adults and $36 for children.（成人票价60美元，儿童票价36美元。）”成人票价60美元，是最便宜的。故选D。
3. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“With this in mind, U.S. News rounded up several Chicago’s best guided tours.（考虑到这一点，《美国新闻》总结了几条芝加哥最好的导游路线。）”可知，本文的主旨是为游客推荐几条有芝加哥有特色的旅游线路。故选D。

【答案】4. B 5. A 6. D 7. B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过讲道理和举例子的方式指出，现代偶像文化经常传递出一种错误的信息，误导青少年，进而提出青少年应以能教给我们重要价值观的人作为偶像这一观点。
1. 写作意图题。根据第一段的“We spend a lot of time caring about them — even more time than we spend on our studies or work. We often wonder: What makes them so popular? What could I do to be cool like them?（我们花很多时间关心他们，甚至比我们花在学习或工作上的时间还多。我们常常想知道：是什么让他们如此受欢迎？我要怎么做才能像他们一样酷？）”及后文讲现代偶像文化可知，第一段划线句子的作用是激发读者进一步阅读的兴趣。故选B。
2. 观点态度题。根据第三段的“When I was a teenager, I, along with most of my classmates, had admired pop idols, too.（当我十几岁的时候，我和我的大多数同学一样，也崇拜流行偶像。）”可知，作者对崇拜偶像的态度是理解的，故选A。
3. 推理判断题。根据第三段的“Most of all, they taught me that it was okay if I was not popular and cool all of the time.（最重要的是，他们教会我，如果我一直不受欢迎、不酷也没关系。）”可知，我们可以从第三段推断出受欢迎和酷并不重要。故选D。
4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Idols can serve as important role models in our lives, so it’s very important to choose the right ones. We should celebrate people who teach us important values that can help to guide us on the road ahead.（偶像是我们生活中重要的榜样，所以选择正确的偶像是非常重要的。我们应该赞美那些教导我们重要价值观的人，这些价值观可以帮助我们在前进的道路上指引我们。）”可知，作者同意的观点是青少年应该对不好的偶像说不。故选B。

【答案】8. A 9. B 10. B 11. D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是海洋中也有光污染以及光污染对海洋生物的影响。
1. 词义猜测题。根据第一段的“It shows large parts of the sea lit up at night. And that risks confusing or disrupting the behaviors of sea life（它显示了大片海域在夜间被点亮。这可能会混淆）”和“the behaviors of sea life（海洋生物的行为）”可知，划线词所在的句子表示“大片海域在夜间被点亮。这可能会混淆或扰乱海洋生物的行为”，因此划线词的意思是“扰乱”，和upset意思相近，故选A。
2. 细节理解题。根据第三段的“They use light as a signal to move all together to the dark deep, seeking safety from other surface creatures.（它们用光作为信号，一起移动到黑暗的深处，寻求远离其他表面生物的安全地方。）”可知，桡足类动物可以在光的帮助下躲避攻击。故选B。
3. 推理判断题。根据第四段的“Nearly 2 million square kilometers of ocean get such strong night light. That’s an area about the size of Mexico. Farther down, the light gets weaker. But even 65 feet deep, it’s still bright enough to bother copepods across 840,000 square kilometers of ocean.（近200万平方公里的海洋得到了这样强烈的夜间灯光。这是一个和墨西哥差不多大的区域。越往下，光线就越弱。但即使是65英尺深，也足以让84万平方公里的海洋里的桡足类动物感到烦恼。）”可知，作者在第4段通过列出数字来展示光污染的严重性，故选B。
4. 标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“Not even the sea is safe from the glare(强光) of humans’ light at night. Researchers published the first global maps of ocean light pollution. It shows large parts of the sea lit up at night. And that risks confusing or disrupting the behaviors of sea life.（研究人员发布了第一份海洋光污染的全球地图，就连海洋在夜间也不能免受人类强光的照射。它显示了大片海域在夜间被点亮。这可能会混淆或扰乱海洋生物的行为。）”可知，本文主要讲的是光污染对海洋生物的影响，因此D选项“Light Pollution Even in Sea（海洋中的光污染）”可作为最恰当的题目，故选D。

【答案】12. E 13. G 14. D 15. C 16. A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是额外学习一门外语的好处。
1. 空前说“Not many people are interested in spending time, money, and effort to learn a foreign language these days. They think that knowing their mother tongue and the English language is good enough.（现在没有多少人有兴趣花时间、金钱和精力去学习一门外语。他们认为了解自己的母语和英语就足够了。）”，空后说“I feel strongly that everyone should learn at least one other foreign language in their lifetime.（我强烈地认为每个人在一生中至少应该学习一门其他的外语。）”，因此空格处应说前面描述的那些人的想法或做法是不对的，E选项“This is a pity because there are many benefits to learning a foreign language.（这是很遗憾的，因为学习一门外语有很多好处。）”表明不学外语很遗憾，是不好的，因此承上启下，符合语境，故选E。
2. 空前说“Traveling to other countries would be easy.（去其他国家旅行会很容易。）”，G选项“For example, knowing French, you can easily travel in most European countries.（例如，如果你懂法语，你可以很容易地在大多数欧洲国家旅行。）”是前面“去其他国家旅行”的一个例子，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选G。
3. 空后说“Students who learn an additional language besides English are known to do better in English and Mathematics.（众所周知，除了英语以外，学习另一门语言的学生在英语和数学方面表现更好。）”，因此空格处应说学另一门语言可以对其他方面的学习有帮助，D选项“Learning a foreign language can also help you improve your studies.（学习一门外语也可以帮助你提高学习成绩。）”说明了学习外语对学其他东西的影响，因此引起下文，符合语境，故选D。
4. 空前说“Finally, the ability to communicate in another language is valuable when you want to get a job.（最后，当你想找工作时，用另一种语言交流的能力是很有价值的。）”，空后说“This is why you will be able to deal with people from other parts of the world.（这就是为什么你能和世界其他地方的人打交道。）”，因此空格处应解释找工作时，为什么用另一种语言交流的能力是很有价值的，C选项“You will have the advantage over those who know fewer languages.（你将比那些懂的语言少的人有优势。）”说明了会另一门语言的价值，因此承上启下，符合语境，故选C。
5. 空前说“In conclusion, there are many benefits that come from learning a foreign language. Therefore, I strongly recommend that everyone learn an additional language.（总之，学习一门外语有很多好处。因此，我强烈建议每个人学习一门额外的语言。）”，A选项“The benefits gained are worth the time and effort spent.（所获得的好处是值得花费时间和精力的。）”中的“benefits”和前面的“benefits”相一致，且解释了作者为什么建议每个人学习一门额外的外语的原因，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选A。

【答案】17. D 18. D 19. B 20. A 21. A 22. B 23. A 24. D 25. A 26. C 27. B 28. C 29. A 30. B 31. C
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是作者偶遇一位女士撞车，作者热心地帮助了她，两年后作者在银行面试时遇到的面试官碰巧是那位女士，女士将职位给了作者。
1. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：它失去了控制，撞到了路边的一棵大树上。A. business生意；B. style风格；C. use用处；D. control控制。由后文的“crashed into a big tree”可知，作者的车失控，go out of control意为“失控”，故选D。
2. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我把车停好，走过去看看他们是否还好。A. drove驾驶；B. boarded登上（火车、轮船或飞机）；C. caught抓住；D. parked停放。由后文的“walked up to see if they were OK”可知，作者停好了车，走过去看看他们是否还好。故选D。
3. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这位女司机显然受到了惊吓。A. relief宽慰；B. shock震惊；C. gratitude感激；D. shame羞愧。由后文的“She was shaking”可知，这位女司机显然受到了惊吓，故选B。
4. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她向我借手机。A. borrow借；B. answer回答；C. show展示；D. check检查。由后文的“it back”可知，她向我借手机。故选A。
5. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：电话打到一半，她把电话还给我，让我和她丈夫通话。A. handed交，递；B. got得到；C. pushed推；D. threw扔。由后文的“asked me to speak to her ___6___. I explained”可知，电话打到一半，她把电话还给作者，故选A。
6. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：电话打到一半，她把电话还给我，让我和她丈夫通话。A. father父亲；B. husband丈夫；C. friend朋友；D. brother兄弟。由后文的“when her husband”可知，女士是让作者和她的丈夫通话。故选B。
7. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我解释了我们在哪里，他求我开车送她到最近的高速公路服务站。A. begged乞求；B. ordered命令；C. invited邀请；D. promised答应。由后文的“me to drive her to the nearest highway service station”可知，他求作者开车送她到最近的高速公路服务站。故选A。
8. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：考虑到时间和她独自一人的事实，我认为这是最安全的做法。A. homesick想家的；B. careless粗心的；C. selfish自私的；D. alone独自的。由后文的“leaving her on her own”可知，她是独自一人的，故选D。
9. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那个地方差不多是空的，我觉得让她一个人呆着不太舒服，所以我一直陪着她，直到两个小时后，她丈夫来了。A. empty空的；B. noisy嘈杂的；C. tidy整洁的；D. smelly发臭的。由后文的“I didn’t feel comfortable leaving her on her own”可知，那个地方很空，作者不放心留下女士一人，故选A。
10. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：那个地方差不多是空的，我觉得让她一个人呆着不太舒服，所以我一直陪着她，直到两个小时后，她丈夫来了。A. worked工作；B. argued争论；C. stayed停留；D. lived居住。由上文的“I didn’t feel comfortable leaving her on her own”和后文的“with her until 2 hours later”可知，作者和女士待在一起，空格处意为“停留”，故选C。
11. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：那个地方差不多是空的，我觉得让她一个人呆着不太舒服，所以我一直陪着她，直到两个小时后，她丈夫来了。A. gave up放弃；B. turned up出现；C. woke up醒来；D. cheered up使高兴。由后文的“They both thanked me profusely”可知，她的丈夫出现了，故选B。
12. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我道了别，回到了高速公路上。A. greetings问候；B. worries担心；C. goodbyes再见；D. thoughts想法。由后文的“got back on the highway”可知，作者和那对夫妻道别，空格处是“再见”，故选C。
13. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：两年后，我在一家银行竞争一个职位。A. competed竞争；B. sent发送；C. paid支付；D. thanked感谢。由后文的“for a position at a bank”可知，作者竞争一个职位，故选A。
14. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：面试官恰好是在高速公路上发生事故的那位女士。A. desired渴望；B. happened碰巧；C. pretended假装；D. failed失败。由后文的“be the lady who had the accident on the highway”可知，面试官恰好是在高速公路上发生事故的那位女士，空格处是“碰巧”，故选B。
15. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：只要你想，这个职位就是你的。A. plan计划；B. honour荣幸；C. role角色，职位；D. dream梦想。由上文的“for a position at a bank”可知，此处表示“只要你想，这个职位就是你的”，故选C。

【答案】1. try; out 2.broke; away 3. run; out 4. tripped; over
【解析】1. 考查祈使句和固定短语。句意：为什么不参加学校足球队的选拔呢？“参加……的选拔”是固定短语try out，why not do sth.是祈使句，意为“为什么不做某事”，空格处用动词原形，故填①try；②out。
2. 考查动词短语。句意：20世纪，爱尔兰南部脱离了英国。空处表示“脱离”，使用动词短语break away from，结合时间状语“In the 20th century”可知，句子用一般过去时。故填①broke；②away。
3. 考查动词短语。句意：如果干旱再持续一个月，我们的供水就会用完。根据汉语提示可知，本空用动词短语run out“耗尽”。句子时态为一般将来时，空前有will，所以动词用原形。故填run out。
4. 考查动词时态。句意：一个女人被石头绊倒了，她的水罐哗啦一声掉到地上。“被……绊倒”是trip over，由went可知，句子时态用一般过去时，空格处动词用过去式tripped，故填tripped，over。

【答案】1. in; despair
【解析】1. 考查介词短语。句意：听到这个消息，他很快就绝望地放弃了尝试。“绝望”英语使用“despair”，根据所给句子提示可知，此处需要使用介词短语作状语，“in despair”意为“绝望地”。故填①in；②despair。

【答案】37. a
38. making
39. were achieved
40. and
41. disappointed
42. where
43. to send
44. successfully
45. by
46. exploration
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是人类对太空进行探索的历史。
1. 考查冠词。句意：在1957年苏联发射人造卫星1号、1961年尤里·加加林进入太空之前，探索太空只是一个梦想。dream是可数名词，表泛指，前面需加不定冠词，dream是辅音音素开头，因此不定冠词用a，故填a。
2. 考查现在分词。句意：1969年，美国人尼尔·阿姆斯特朗登上月球，实现了“人类的一次巨大飞跃”。分析可知，句中谓语是stepped，空格处用非谓语动词，Neil Armstrong和make之间是主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词表主动作状语，故填making。
3. 考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：在此之后，我们实现了更多的目标。目标是被实现，句中描述过去的事情，空格处用一般过去时的被动语态，主语goals是复数，因此空格处是were achieved，故填were achieved。
4. 考查连词。句意：苏联联盟11号和美国挑战者号上的所有宇航员都在执行任务期间死亡。USSR’s Soyuz和America’s Challenger之间是并列关系，句子是肯定句，因此用and连接两个句子，故填and。
5. 考查形容词。句意：这些灾难让每个人都感到悲伤和失望，但探索太空的愿望仍在继续。空格处用形容词作宾语补足语，修饰everyone应用-ed结尾的形容词disappointed，意为“失望的”，故填disappointed。
6. 考查定语从句。句意：来自不同国家的宇航员一起工作的国际空间站就是一个很好的例子。分析可知，“astronauts from different countries work together”是定语从句，从句中不缺主语或宾语，先行词“The International Space Station”是地方，因此空格处用关系副词where，故填where。
7. 考查动词不定式。句意：2003年，杨利伟在神舟五号成功地绕地飞行后，中国成为第三个将人类送入太空的国家。随后，神舟五号的任务和探索月球的运载工具、玉兔号和嫦娥四号相继升空。country前有序数词the third修饰，空格处用不定式作后置定语，故填to send。
8. 考查副词。句意：2003年，杨利伟在神舟五号成功地绕地飞行后，中国成为第三个将人类送入太空的国家。随后，神舟五号的任务和探索月球的运载工具、玉兔号和嫦娥四号相继升空。空格处用副词successfully修饰动词orbited，successfully意为“成功地”，故填successfully。
9. 考查介词。句意：2003年，杨利伟在神舟五号成功地绕地飞行后，中国成为第三个将人类送入太空的国家。随后，神舟五号的任务和探索月球的运载工具、玉兔号和嫦娥四号相继升空。根据语境可知，“神舟五号的任务和探索月球的运载工具、玉兔号和嫦娥四号相继升空”是在“杨利伟在神舟五号成功地绕地飞行”后发生的，因此是前面的事情是被后面的事情跟随，空格处表示“被”，用介词by，故填by。
10. 考查名词。句意：通过太空探索，科学家希望未来的发现能让我们了解宇宙是如何开始的，以及如何在未来生存下去。空格处用名词作主语，根据语境可知，句子表示“通过太空探索，科学家希望未来的发现能让我们了解宇宙是如何开始的，以及如何在未来生存下去”，空格处意为“探索”作宾语，名词是exploration，space exploration意为“太空探索”。故填exploration。

【答案】
My dear friends,
I am very pleased to stand here and give a speech.
Today my topic is how to be an excellent teenager.
First, an excellent teenager needs to learn to share. Sharing can make people more tolerant and generous, which helps us to become socially responsible people. What’s more, excellent teenager should learn to communicate with others. Communication can make us better at understanding others’ feelings and become a compassionate person, which will make us more caring and conducive to the healthy and harmonious development of the society.
That’s all, thank you!
【解析】
【导语】
本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生以“How to be an excellent teenager”为主题写一篇演讲稿。要点如下：1. 建议（如学会分享，与人沟通等）及其理由；2. 发出倡议。
【详解】
1. 词汇积累
优秀的：excellent→outstanding
宽容的：tolerant→lenient
有同情心的：compassionate→sympathetic
另外：what’s more→in addition
2. 句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Today my topic is how to be an excellent teenager.
拓展句：Today my topic is what we can do to be an excellent teenager.
【点睛】
[高分句型1] Sharing can make people more tolerant and generous, which helps us to become socially responsible people.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句）
[高分句型2] Communication can make us better at understanding others’ feelings and become a compassionate person, which will make us more caring and conducive to the healthy and harmonious development of the society.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句）

【答案】
Finally, I arrived home, and I began crying when I saw my mom. “Mom, I was scared to death on the way home just now, and a bad man followed me all the time. Fortunately, I hid behind the car, and he didn't find me, so he left.” I said incoherently. After hearing this, my mother also showed a frightened expression on her face. She said, “Fortunately, you’re safe. But where’s your father? Isn’t he picking you up?” I showed an aggrieved expression and said, “I waited for him outside for a while, but he didn’t turn up. I thought it was time to go home, so I came back first.” At this time, my father hurried in, and he said to his mother, “I didn’t get our daughter. When I went to pick her up, I didn’t see her. Her friend said she had gone home. I chased out, and it seemed that I saw her on the road, but she disappeared in a moment.”
Hearing what my dad said, my mom couldn’t help laughing. Mother said cunningly, “Look, who’s that?” Then she winked at me. My father turned to look at me, and then showed a relieved and surprised expression. He asked me, “Didn’t you hear me when I called you? What were you running for?” I smiled awkwardly, glanced at my mother, and then said, “well..., I was very afraid, thinking you were a bad person, so I hid.” Dad laughed after listening, and encouraged me that I did well and know how to protect myself. But my father also said at least I should look around. In fact, sometimes things are not as bad as I think. After that, I realized that excessive fear will affect our judgment and thinking, so no matter what happens, we should be calm.
【解析】
【导语】
本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者要去参加朋友的生日聚会，作者的妈妈让作者十点之前回家，作者的爸爸答应作者去接她。在生日聚会上，作者玩的很开心，结果到了十点作者想要回家时，她并没有看到她爸爸来接她，所以她自己一个人先回家了。在路上她很害怕，她觉得遇上了坏人，就快速地跑回了家。
【详解】
1. 段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“最后，我回到家，当我看到妈妈的时候，我开始哭了。”可知，作者向妈妈哭诉她路上的遭遇并抱怨爸爸没有去接她。
②由第二段首句内容“听到爸爸说的话，妈妈忍不住笑了。”可知，作者的爸爸去接她，结果由于作者太过害怕，并没有听出其实是她的爸爸在喊他。
2. 续写线索：给朋友过生日——十点前回家——没有等到爸爸——自己回家——害怕——哭诉——乌龙——感悟
3. 词汇激活
行为类：
①跟着我：follow me/go after me
②回来：come back/return
③匆忙进来：hurry in/step in hurriedly
情绪类
①吓得要死：be scared to death/be frightened to death
②尴尬地笑：smile awkwardly/give an embarrassed smile
【点睛】
【高分句型1】 Dad laughed after listening, and encouraged me that I did well and know how to protect myself.（that引导的宾语从句）
【高分句型2】After that, I realized that excessive fear will affect our judgment and thinking, so no matter what happens, we should be calm.（that引导的宾语从句和no matter what引导的让步状语从句相结合）