上海市大同中学2022-2023学年高三上学期期中考试英语试卷（含答案）

这是一份上海市大同中学2022-2023学年高三上学期期中考试英语试卷（含答案），共14页。试卷主要包含了 A等内容，欢迎下载使用。
Sectin A
Directins: After reading the passage belw, fill in the blanks t make the passages cherent and grammatically crrect. Fr the blanks with a given wrd, fill in each blank with the prper frm f the given wrd; fr the ther blanks, use ne wrd that best fits each blank.
(A)
Japan's Senirs Discver New Way t Stay Yung: Cmpetitive Vide-gaming
Sixty-six-year-ld Atsuk Oyama shares a gal (21)_________(hld) by many peple a half-century yunger. She wants t get 100 kills in the first-persn shter vide-game "Apex Legends."
E-sprts prmters wh have seen Japan (22)_________(fall) behind pwerhuses such as the U. S. in vide-game cmpetitins think the senir market (23)_________ be the way t catch up. And if the ver-65 set feels a little mre energized after winning ver a few rival warrirs, s much the better.
Japan is the wrld's ldest natin, and its effrts t bst the size f its yunger ppulatin have been mstly unsuccessful. It is, hwever, at the frefrnt f initiatives (24)_________ (keep) ld peple thinking yunger.
Ms. Oyama, (25)_________ player name is Mama, tried ut fr the team knwn as the Matagi Snipers after her daughter saw an ad asking fr players. She nw practices a cuple f hurs a day at hme, smetimes ging t acupuncture（针灸）t take care f her tired neck.
The Matagi Snipers, named fr a traditinal grup f bear hunters in nrthern Japan, (26)_________ (practice) since September at their hme base in nrthern Akita prefecture.
(27)_________ an average age f 68, the 14-persn team hpes eventually t cmpete in prfessinal turnaments in first-persn shter titles such as "Apex Legends," frm Electrnic Arts Inc., and Epic Games Inc.'s "Frtnite."
Befre they can gun fr prize mney r mnetize YuTube page views, they need t heed the guidance f cach Yshit "Lemn" Suda, 28. Sme members, t his surprise, didn't knw (28)_________ t use a cmputer, let alne play a vide-game.
"Fr the first mnth, it was mre like a gathering f sme gd friends," Mr. Suda said. "I had t give them a pep talk and tell them, 'Yu're nt here fr that. Yu're ging t be prfessinal.'"
The members tk it t heart, he said, and nw he sees sme nline playing at midnight.
Mr. Suda begins each practice sessin with a lecture. After the lecture, it was time t play. Masashi "K" Shinda, 69, was having a hard time (29)_________(sense) the presence f enemies.
Cach Lemn mtivates his team by telling them age is an advantage. "There is a huge difference in scial experience between peple wh have lived nly 20 years versus 60 years," he said. Yunger players tend t be mre vilent (30)_________ lder players can cmmunicate better and lean n teamwrk.
Sectin B
Directins: Fill in each blank with a prper wrd chsen frm the bx. Each wrd can nly be used nce. Nte that there is ne wrd mre than yu need.
(B)
Nbel Prize Awarded t Svante Paab fr Discveries in Evlutin
The Nbel Prize in Physilgy r Medicine was awarded Mnday t Sweden-brn geneticist Svante Paab, __31__ him fr discveries related t the genmes f extinct human grups that shed light n the genetic characteristics unique t present-day humans. The cmmittee said Dr. Paab, whse father was als a Nbel laureate, vercame challenges in recvering and analyzing ancient DNA t sequence the genme f the Neanderthal（尼安德特人）. He als discvered a previusly unknwn human __32__, called the Denisva.
Sequencing the genmes f extinct hminins -- a gruping f humans that includes
present-day peple, r Hm sapiens, as well as clse relatives such as Neanderthals wh died ut millennia ag -- prvided a crucial __33__ pint fr scientists in understanding the genetic divergence（趋异）that makes Hm sapiens unique, the cmmittee said. Dr. Paab's wrk laid the fundatins fr a new field f science knwn as pale-genmics, r the use f genetic analysis t shed light n human evlutin.
"By revealing genetic differences __34__ all living humans frm extinct hminins（古人类）, his discveries prvide the basis fr __35__ what makes us uniquely human," said the Nbel cmmittee. "He's a true __36__ and this is very well-deserved," said Ed Green, a prfessr f bi-mlecular engineering at the University f Califrnia, Santa Cruz.
Dr. Paab's discveries als laid the grundwrk fr research n hw ancient gene sequences frm extinct relatives influence the __37__ f present-day humans. One example is a gene cmmn amng present-day Tibetans that makes thse peple better adapted t life at high altitude. It can be __38__ t the Denisvan genme.
The Nbel cmmittee said Dr. Paab's discveries __39__ a new understanding f human evlutinary histry, shwing that when Hm sapiens migrated ut f Africa, at least tw ther distinct human ppulatins inhabited Eurasia: Neanderthals in the western part and Denisvans in the east. Hm sapiens encuntered and interbred with bth.
Dr. Paab wins a prize f 10 millin Swedish krner, the __40__
III.Reading Cmprehensins
Sectin A
Directins: Fr each blank in the fllwing passage, there are fur wrds r phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the wrd r phrase that best fits the cntext.
It's late in the evening: time t clse the bk and turn ff the cmputer. Yu're dne fr the day. What yu may nt realize, __41__, is that the learning prcess actually cntinues - in yur dreams.
It might sund like science fictin, but researchers are increasingly __42__ the relatinship between the knwledge and skills ur brains absrb during the day and the fragmented, ften bizarre imaginings they __43__ at night. Scientists have fund that dreaming abut a task we've learned is assciated with __44__ perfrmance in that activity (suggesting that there's sme truth t the ppular ntin that we're "getting" a freign language nce we begin dreaming in it). What's mre, researchers are cming t recgnize that dreaming is an essential part f understanding, rganizing and __45__ what we learn. While we sleep, research indicates, the brain replays the patterns f activity it experienced during __46__ hurs, allwing us t enter what ne psychlgist calls a neural virtual reality. A vivid example f such __47__ can be seen in a vide researchers made recently abut sleep disrders. They taught a series f dance mves t a grup f patients with cnditins like sleepwalking, in which the sleeper perfrms the kind f physical mvement that des nt __48__ ccur during sleep. They then videtaped the __49__ as they slept. Lying in bed, eyes clsed, ne female patient n the tape __50__ the dance mves she learned earlier.
This shws that while ur bdies are __51__, ur brains are drawing what's imprtant frm the infrmatin and events we've recently encuntered, then integrating that data int the vast __52__ f what we already knw.
In a 2010 study, researchers at Harvard Medical Schl reprted that cllege students wh dreamed abut a cmputer maze（迷宫）task they had learned shwed a 10-fld imprvement in their __53__ t find their way thrugh the maze cmpared with the participants wh did nt dream abut the task.
Rbert Stick-gld, ne f the Harvard researchers, suggests that studying right befre bedtime r taking a nap fllwing a study sessin in the afternn might increase the __54__ f dreaming abut the material. Think abut that as yur head __55__ the pillw tnight.
41. A. therefreB. therwiseC. insteadD. hwever
42. A. fcusing nB. experimenting withC. building upD. inquiring abut
43. A. cncealB. generateC. disslveD. remve
44. A. wrsenedB. measuredC. imprvedD. affected
45. A. maintainingB. cmprehendingC. questiningD. sharing
46. A. wrkingB. sleepingC. peningD. waking
47. A. replayB. patternC. realityD. experience
48. A. nrmallyB. especiallyC. infrequentlyD. pssibly
49. A. researchersB. subjectsC. psychlgistsD. walkers
50. A. reflected nB. frgt abutC. engaged inD. referred t
51. A. in peaceB. at restC. in peratinD. at wrk
52. A. streB. majrityC. rangeD. cllectin
53. A. willingnessB. abilityC. desireD. tendency
54. A. benefitsB. risksC. difficultiesD. ptential
55. A. hitsB. imaginesC. leavesD. punches
Sectin B
Directins: Read the fllwing tw passage. Each passage is fllwed by several questins r unfinished statements. Fr each f them there are fur chices marked A, B, C and D. Chse the ne that fits best accrding t the infrmatin given in the passage yu have just read.
(A)
Plastic-Eating Wrms
Humans prduce mre than 300 millin tns f plastic every year. Almst half f that winds up in landfills, and up t 12 millin tns pllute the ceans. S far there is n effective way t get rid f it, but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stmachs f sme hungry wrms.
Researchers in Spain and England recently fund that the wrms f the greater wax mth can break dwn plyethylene, which accunts fr 40% f plastics. The team left 100 wax wrms n a cmmercial plyethylene shpping bag fr 12 hurs, and the wrms cnsumed and brke dwn abut 92 milligrams, r almst 3% f it. T cnfirm that the wrms' chewing alne was nt respnsible fr the plyethylene breakdwn, the researchers made sme wrms int paste（糊状物）and applied it t plastic films. 14 hurs later the films had lst 13% f their mass -- apparently brken dwn by enzymes（酶）frm the wrms' stmachs. Their findings were published in Current Bilgy in 2017.
Federica Bertcchini, c-authr f the study, says the wrms' ability t break dwn their everyday fd -- beeswax -- als allws them t break dwn plastic. "Wax is a cmplex mixture, but the basic bnd in plyethylene, the carbn-carbn bnd, is there as well," she explains, "The wax wrm evlved a methd r system t break this bnd."
Jennifer DeBruyn, a micrbilgist at the University f Tennessee, wh was nt invlved in the study, says it is nt surprising that such wrms can break dwn plyethylene. But cmpared with previus studies, she finds the speed f breaking dwn in this ne exciting. The next step, DeBruyn says, will be t identify the cause f the breakdwn. Is it an enzyme prduced by the wrm itself r by its gut micrbes（肠道微生物）?
Bertcchini agrees and hpes her team's findings might ne day help emply the enzyme t break dwn plastics in landfills. But she expects using the chemical in sme kind f industrial prcess -- nt simply "millins f wrms thrwn n tp f the plastic."
56.What can we learn abut the wrms in the study?
A.They take plastics as their everyday fd.
B.They are newly evlved creatures.
C.They can cnsume plastics.
D.They wind up in landfills.
57.Accrding t Jennifer DeBruyn, the next step f the study is t __________.
A.identify ther means f the breakdwnB. find ut the surce f the enzyme
C. cnfirm the research findingsD. increase the breakdwn speed
58.It can be inferred frm the last paragraph that the chemical might __________.
A.help t raise wrmsB. help make plastic bags
C. be used t clean the ceansD. be prduced in factries in future
59.What is the main purpse f the passage?
A.T explain a study methd n wrms.
B.T intrduce the diet f a special wrm.
C.T present a way t break dwn plastics.
D.T prpse new means t keep ec-balance.
(B)
"Buffal, buffal, Buffal, buffal, buffal, buffal, Buffal, buffal" is a real sentence.
Hw?
Let's break it dwn, starting with simple phrase.
Mnkeys frm Pisa bully deer frm Lndn.
Ok, admittedly, it's an impssible scenari, but it is a grammatically fine sentence. In English, we can use place names as adjective, s let's shrten the sentence a little.
Pisa mnkeys bully Lndn deer.
Nw we'll thrw in sme giraffes frm Paris t even the scre with thse mean mnkeys.
Pisa mnkeys, whm Paris giraffes intimidate（恐吓；威胁）, bully Lndn deer.
English is peculiar in that yu can mit relative prnuns, e.g., "the persn whm I lve" can be expressed as "the the persn I lve." Let's d that t this sentence.
Pisa mnkeys Paris giraffes intimidate bully Lndn deer.
This kind f prnun remval can be a little easier t grasp when written than when spken. Saying the abve sentence with pauses after mnkeys and intimidate can help. Nw we need t replace bth f the verbs, intimidate and bully, with their (admittedly uncmmn) synnym（同义词）, buffal.
Pisa mnkeys Paris giraffes buffal buffal Lndn deer.
Again, pauses help keep the meaning in mind: Put a pause after mnkeys and the first buffal. Nw we'll replace all the wrldwide place names with the secnd-largest city in New Yrk State, Buffal. (That's Buffal's tallest building, One Seneca Twer, belw.)
Buffal mnkeys Buffal giraffes buffal buffal Buffal deer.
Yu can prbably guess what the next step is. But befre we replace all the animals with the cmmn name fr the American bisn（野牛）, nte hw the capital letters in the abve sentence help yu keep the place names separate frm the ther usages f the wrd. OK, here ges:
Buffal, buffal, Buffal, buffal, buffal, buffal, Buffal, buffal.
One last thing t nte: This exceptinal sentences is pssible because the plural f the animal buffal is buffal, nt buffals, therwise all the wrds wuldn't be identical.
60.Hw shuld we read the fllwing sentences with prper pauses?
A.Buffal buffal Buffal / buffal buffal / buffal Buffal buffal.
B.Buffal buffal / Buffal buffal buffal / buffal Buffal buffal.
C.Buffal buffal Buffal / buffal buffal buffal / Buffal buffal.
D.Buffal buffal / Buffal buffal / buffal buffal Buffal buffal.
61.What's the key element t make this sentence pssible?
A.The relative prnuns in English can be mitted.
B.In English, place names can be used as adjectives.
C.The city has the same name with a kind f American bisn.
D.The wrd buffal has the same frm f singular and plura.
62.Where can yu prbably find this article?
A.Wandering the EarthB. Linguistics Arund Us
C. Ppular Animal ScienceD. Cllins English Grammar
(C)
Financial regulatins in Britain have impsed a rather unusual rule n the bsses f big banks. Starting next year, any guaranteed bnus f tp executives culd be delayed 10 years if their banks are under investigatin fr wrngding. The main purpse f this "clawback" rule is t hld bankers respnsible fr harmful risk-taking and t restre public trust in financial institutin. Yet fficials als hpe fr a much larger benefit: mre lng-term decisin-making nt nly by banks but als by all crpratins, t build a strnger ecnmy fr future generatins.
"Shrt-termism" r the desire fr quick prfits, has wrsened in publicly traded cmpanies, says the Bank f England's tp ecnmist, Andrew Haldane. He qutes a giant f classical ecnmies, Alfred Marshall, in describing this financial impatience as acting like "Children wh pick the strawberries ut f their pudding t eat them at nce" rather then putting them aside t be eaten last.
The average time fr hlding a stck in bth the United States and Britain, he ntes, has drpped frm seven years t seven mnths in recent decades. Transient（短期的）investrs, wh demand high quarterly prfits frm cmpanies, can hld back a firm's effrts t invest in lng-term research r t build up custmer lyalty. This has been called "quarterly capitalism". In additin, new digital technlgies have allwed mre rapid trading f equities（股票）, quicker use f infrmatin, and thus shrtens attentin spans in financial markets. "There seems t be an advantage f shrt-term thinking at the expense f lng-term investing," said Cmmissiner Daniel Gallagher f the US Securities and Exchange Cmmissin in speech this week.
In the US, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act f 2002 has pushed mst public cmpanies t delay perfrmance bnuses fr senir executives by abut a year, slightly helping reduce "shrt-termism." f executive pay is nw tied t perfrmance.
Much mre culd be dne t encurage "lng-termism," such as changes in the tax cde and quicker disclsure（披露）f stck acquisitins. In France, sharehlders wh hld nt a cmpany investment fr at least tw years can smetimes earn mre vting rights in a cmpany.
Within cmpanies, the right cmpensatin design can prvide mtivatin fr executives t think beynd their wn time at the cmpany and n behalf f all sharehlders. Britain's new rule is a reminder t bankers that sciety has an interest in their perfrmance, nt just fr the shrt term but fr the lng term.
63.Accrding t Paragraph 1, ne reasn fr impsing the new rule is the __________.
A.enhance banker's sense f respnsibility
B.help crpratins achieve larger prfits
C.build a new system f financial regulatin
D.guarantee the bnuses f tp executives
64.It is argued that the influence f transient investment n public cmpanies can be __________.
A.indirectB. negativeC. favrableD. temprary
65.The US and France examples in paragraph 5 and 6 are used t illustrate.
A.the bstacles t preventing "shrt-termism."
B.the significance f lng-term thinking.
C.the appraches t prmting "lng-termism".
D.the ppularity f shrt-term thinking.
66.Which f the fllwing wuld be the best title fr the text?
A.Failure f Quarterly Capitalism
B.Patience as a Crprate Virtue
C.Decisiveness Required f Tp Executives
D.Frustratin f Risk-taking Bankers
Sectin C
Directins: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a prper sentence given in the bx. Each sentence can be used nly nce. Nte that there are tw mre sentences than yu need.
Hw Chinese philsphy can help yu parent
It is the questin I am mst ften asked at the playgrund when ther parents find ut I am a prfessr f ancient Chinese philsphy: 'Des Chinese philsphy influence yur parenting?' It's a fun questin t answer, because becming a parent led me t lk very differently at the texts I translate and teach.__________67__________They guide and challenge me as a mther n a daily basis, but in ways that depart dramatically frm what my culture and sciety tells me.
All f us want ur children t be successful, partly because we lve them and want them t be happy. But it is easy t mistakenly equate 'success' with certain kinds f academic r athletic achievements. Of curse, ne can define success in this way; these are widely and uncritically accepted as indicatrs f success in ur sciety tday. __________68 __________ A successful life-a life well lived-is ne in which a persn flurishes: they are happy, fulfilled, and find meaning in what they d and wh they are. This type f fulfillment, they argue, cmes nt frm participating in the 'right' activities, attending prestigius schls r having earning pwer.__________69__________
The teachings f the mst well-knwn and belved philsphers frm the Cnfucian and Daist traditins late t the 3rd and 4th centuries BCE. They lived in a difficult time in Chinese sciety - a time f grwing plitical instability, which eventually erupted int warfare and vilence - but they disagreed n the surce f the prblem and hw t fix it. Cnfucians have a lt f active, hands-n ways t help children grw, such as participating in rituals and traditins, while the Daists recmmend simpler activities, such as explring and savring the beauty f nature.__________70__________
Parenting is messy. It is nt simple r straightfrward but cmplex and difficult. There are n magic slutins that make things easy r smth. Mst f us will need t piece tgether different appraches in rder t find smething that wrks well and feels right in different situatins, fr different children, and at different times in a child's life.
第 II 卷
I.Summary Writing
Directins: Read the fllwing three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main pint(s) f the passage in n mre than 60 wrds. Use yur wn wrds as far as pssible.
Why we chse scrlling ver sleeping
Imagine czying up in yur bed after a lng day. Yu scrll thrugh yur favrite scial media apps fr what feels like ten minutes, but then yu realize hurs have passed. It's nw 2:30 am, and yu knw yu need t get sme sleep t wake up refreshed fr wrk. But yu just can't get yurself t stp scrlling and turn in fr the night. Yu prmise yurself just five mre minutes -- then it's 3:00 am.
If yu can relate t this scenari, yu're nt alne. Nw called "revenge bedtime prcrastinatin," the Sleep Fundatin describes this phenmenn as the tendency "t sacrifice sleep fr leisure time that is driven by a daily schedule lacking in free time."
Peple wh spend mst f their waking hurs experience a severe lack f "me time" in which they can be free f respnsibilities. Nwadays, sme peple feel guilty even fr resting, s there is a strng desire fr uninterrupted persnal time.
Daphne Lee, the jurnalist whse viral tweet ppularized the term, describes revenge bedtime prcrastinatin as an attempt t regain cntrl f ur lives. If yu are spending mst f the day wrking fr smene else, fllwing smene else's rders, and disciplining yurself int ding what yu're "suppsed" t d, it is nly natural t desire freedm - at least fr the few quiet hurs arund midnight.
Revenge bedtime prcrastinatin is experienced differently by varius grups, despite being mtivated by the same reasns. Parents f yung children spend mst f their day trying t balance wrk and childcare, s there is a pwerful desire t spend sme time alne, free f all bligatins. Fr many parents, this is nly pssible at night when wrk hurs are ver and the kids are asleep. Likewise, cllege students with a demanding class schedule and wrkers wh put in a lt f vertime may be particularly susceptible t bedtime prcrastinatin.
II.Translatin
Directins: Translate the fllwing sentences int English, using the wrds given in the brackets.
72.她坚决要求出席所有的采访。(insist)
73.她刚一宣布完获奖名单，泪水便夺眶而出。(N sner)
74.母亲的话让我相信，在生活中无论遇到什么苦难都不能半途而废。(cnvince)
75.中国在新能源领域方面的迅猛发展，为其赢得牵头制定新型电力系统国际标准的机会。(win)
VI.Guided Writing
Directins:Write an English cmpsitin in 120-150 wrds accrding t the instructins given belw in Chinese.
请写一篇短文，文章必须包括：
1.描述图片
2.就“低头族(phubbing)”这一现象谈谈你的看法
参考答案
II.Grammar and Vcabulary（共 20 分。）
Sectin A
21-25held ; fall/falling ; might/may/culd/can ; t keep ; whse
26-30have/has been practicing ; With/At ; hw ; sensing ; while
Sectin B
31-40BGEKACJIFH
III.Reading Cmprehensin（共 45 分。41~55 每题 1 分；56-75 每题 2 分。）
Sectin A
41-45 DABCA46-50 DAABC51-55 BABDA
Sectin B
(A)56-59CBDC
(B)60-62BDB
(C)63-66ABCB
Sectin C
67-70CDBE
71.略
72.She insisted n attending all the interviews.
73.N sner did she annunce awards list than tears burst t her eyes.
74.Mther's wrds cnvince me that n matter what suffering in life can nt give up halfway.
75.China's rapid develpment in the new energy sectr has wn it the pprtunity t lead the develpment f internatinal standards fr new pwer systems.
76.略
A. explringB. recgnizingC. visinaryD. specializedE. reference
F. generated K. distinguishingG. relativeH. equivalentI. traced J. functining
A. Parenting is tugh, especially because there isn't a ne-size-fits all apprach.
B. Rather, it cmes frm lving and being lved by thers within the cntext f meaningful, lasting relatinships and giving generusly f what yu have t thers.
C. I find that there are many lessns that are useful, accessible and timely when applied t the challenges f parenting.
D. But ancient Chinese philsphers believed that real success is nt measured by prestige, fame, mney r pwer.
E. Their diverse views n living a gd life are precisely what makes Chinese philsphy such a great resurce fr parents.
F. Here are a few f the suggestins that ancient Chinese philsphers have fr us.