【备战2023高考】英语专题讲与练——专题07《介词和介词短语》全能练（含解析）（新高考地区专用）
展开专题07 介词和介词短语
（原卷版）
三年真题
- 【2021·全国乙卷】Due to the growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types ______ trips are now being classified as ecotourism.
- 【2021·全国甲卷】It was built originally to protect the city ______ the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复)
- 【2021·全国新高考II卷】A company representative wrote back and told me the airline was switching over _______ plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights.
- 【2021·北京】While riding his bike home _______ a cold night，he came across a sad-looking elderly woman wandering the streets by herself．
- 【2021·浙江】The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased _______ 2. 1 in women and men.
- 【2020·全国I卷】The far side of the moon is of particular interest to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山)， more so ______ the familiar near side. C
- 【2020·全国III卷】The artist was finally humbled (谦卑) by the greatest artist ________ earth, Mother Nature.
- 【2020·北京】Over time, the bags fall apart______countless tiny pieces, and fish can accidentally eat some of them.
- 【2020·浙江】This aging of the population is driven______two factors.
- 【2020·浙江】Some time after 10，000 BC，people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived ______ ，through agriculture.
考频统计
在2020-2022年三年高考真题中，介词和介词短语的考查频率统计如下：
介词和介词短语 | 考频 | 出处 |
介词的固定搭配 | 10次 | 【2021·全国乙卷】【2021·全国甲卷】【2021·全国新高考II卷】 【2021·北京】【2021·浙江】【2020·全国I卷】 【2020·全国III卷】【2020·北京】【2020·浙江】【2020·浙江】 |
考点清单
一、表“时间”的介词
介词 | 用法 | 例句 |
at | 表示在某一时刻； 表示在不含有“Day"的节假日 | at 12: 00，at noon, at midnight；at Christmas |
in | 表示“在”一段较长的时间内，如世纪、年、季节、月、上午、下午、晚上等 | in the 1980's/1980s；in October； in the morning/afternoon/evening |
on | 表示“在”特定的日子、具体的日期、星期几、节日或具体某天的上午/下午/晚上； 表示在含有“Day"的节假日 | on a rainy day；on October the first；on National Day； |
for | 后接时间段，表示行为或状态持续了多久 | I have worked in this factory for ten years. |
since | 自从......(到说话的时刻)，后接时间点，说明动作的起点，表示动作从该起点一直持续 | I have lived in this house since ten years ago. |
during | ......期间 | He often falls asleep during the class. |
through | 在.....期间, 从......开头到结尾:一直到(所指时间包括在内，此时与throughout相同) | Tom bore up well under the strain of supporting his family through his father's illness. |
before | 早于；在.....之前 | The new road will be completed before the end of the year. |
by | 表示“不迟于.....，在(某时)前” | All of you are to arrive at school by seven o'clock. |
till/until | until比till 更正式。相关的谓语动间需是延续性动间的肯定式或瞬间动词的否定式。until/till 后可跟名词、介词短语或副词 | I shall wail until ten o'clock. |
二、表“方位”的介词
介词 | 用法 | 例句 | |
地理位置 | in | 表示在某一地域之内的某方位(属于该范围) | Shandong Province is in the cast of China. |
on | 表示与某地相邻的关系 | Russia lies on the north of China. | |
to | 表示在某一地域之外的某方位(不属于该范围且不相邻) | Japan lies to the east of China. | |
上下位置关系 | on | 在上方，与表面有接触 （反义词：beneath） | There are some books on the desk. They found the toy buried beneath a pile of leaves. |
over | 在物体的正上方或覆盖在物体表面（反义词：under） | A lamp was hanging over the table. They were playing chess under the tree. | |
above | 离开物体表面而在其上方,但不一定是正上方（反义词：below） | The plane flew above the clouds. I could hear voices in the courtyard below my window. | |
穿过，越过 | through | 从内部通过 | The moonlight went through the window. |
across | 在表面上通过 | He walked across the square to meet her. | |
over | 从某物体的上方越过 | The plane flew over the Pacific Ocean. | |
在.....之间 | between | 某人或某物在另两人或两物之间或多者中的两两之间 | The house stands between two farms. |
among | 用于三者以上，其所在范围内的人或事物常被视为一个整体 | The village lies among hills. | |
三、表“原因”的介词
介词 | 用法 | 例句 |
for | 常与表示闻名、奖罚等意义的形容词/动词连用 | The West Lake is famous for its scenery. |
because of | 一般作状语，不作表语，位于句首或句中 | He walked slowly because of his bad leg. |
owing to | 通常作状语，一般不作表语 | The game was cancelled owing to torrential rain. |
due to | 通常作表语或状语，一般不放在句首 | The team’s success was largely due to her efforts. |
thanks to | “幸亏，因为”只作状语 | It was all a great success--thanks to a lot of hard work. |
四、表“方式”的介词
介词 | 用法 | 例句 |
with | 表示“用”具体的工具，或“用”身体的某部位、器官。 | He is writing a letter with a pen. |
in | 指“使用”某种语言、工具或材料等 | Write it in ink, please. |
by | 表示“使用”方法、手段等 | Why don’t we go there by taxi? |
五、表示“范围”的介词
介词 | 用法 | 例句 |
besides | 介词 = in addition to除....外(还有) 副词 = in addition, moreover, furthermore等, 意为:此外 | We have lots of things in common besides music. |
except | = not including除.....之外(不再有)，后面可接名词、代词、动名词、副词、that从句、when从句作宾语 | We all passed the exam except Tom. |
except for | 表示“除了....”它所叙述的事实或细节部分用来修正句子的主要意思 | The composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes. |
within | (范围，程度)在......之内 | We are now within range of enemy fire. |
beyond | (范围，程度)超出，为......所不能及 | The handle was just beyond my reach. |
六、表示“让步”的介词
介词 | 用法 | 例句 |
despite | 尽管 = in spite of，后接名词、代词、动名词、副词、that从句 | Despite applying for hundreds of jobs, he is still out of work. |
七、介词的固定搭配
1. 与名词的搭配
at +n | in +n |
at first当初 at home在家里 at breakfast 在吃早饭 at the moment此刻 at once立刻 at least至少 at Christmas在圣诞节 at night在夜间 at present目前 at last最终 at war 在交战 at work在上海 at the cinema在电影院 at noon在中午 at school在上学 at a loss 不知所措 at peace 处于和平中 at rest 静止 不动 at sea 在海上 at the same time 同时 at any time 在任何时候 at a distance 隔一段距离 at the foot of... 在......脚下 at the risk of... 冒......的危险 at the sight of... 一看到......就...... | in cash用现金 in class在上课 in width 在宽度上 in depth在深度上 in detail详细地 in danger处于危险之中 in English用英语 the front of在....前.面(内部) in height在高度上 in length在长度上 in ink用墨水 in shape在外形上 in size在尺寸上 in the habit of .....习惯 In the hope of抱...的希望 in the middle of在...中间 in this instance在此情况下 in this respect在这方面 in turn 依次 in vain徒劳地 in 2004在2004年 in time及时 in a minute 一会儿之后 in those days在那些日子 in town在城里 in the day在白天 in July七月 in the morning在早上 in these days在这些日子 in the train 坐火车 in the countryside 在农村 in the daytime在白天 |
on + n. | by + n. |
on account of因为 on behalf of代表 on condition that在....的条件下 on no account/condition决不 on purpose故意地 on the basis of因为...基于 on the occasion of ....时 on Monday星期一 on a train在火车上 on a cold day在寒冷的一天 on the New Year's Eve在新年的除夕 on the hour准时地 on the way to在....的路上 on the weekend在周末 on time按时 on July the first 七月一日
| by accident 偶然 by air/plane 乘飞机 by chance 偶然地 by coincidence 碰巧 by force 用暴力 by hand 手工 by mistake 错误地 by nature 天生地 by oneself独自 by the way顺便问 by the day 按天算 by the end of到...为止 by the lake在湖边 by weight/volume/size/number 按重量/体积/大小/数量 |
out of + n | under + n |
out of balance失去平衡 out of breath上气不接下气 out of business停业，歇业 out of control不受控制 out of danger脱离危险 out of date过时 out of debt不欠债 out of fashion不流行 out of luck不走运 out of one's mind发疯 out of office在野，下台 out of order出故障 out of patience不耐烦 out of season不合时令的 out of shape走样的，变形的 out of sight看不到 out of the question不可能 out of trouble 脱离困境 out of work失业 | under attack遭到袭击 under consideration在审议中 under construction在建造中 under control 处于控制之下 under discussion 在讨论中 under pressure(液体或气体)受压力;被迫 under repair在修理中 under treatment 在治疗中 under way在进行中 under the command of... ....的统帅之下 under the control of. ...控制下 under the direction ....指导下 under the influence ....影响下 under the protection of..在-的庇护下 under the leadership of.. ..的领导下 |
for + n | with + n |
for example例如 for years多年 for some reason由于某种原因 for a moment一会儿 | with anger生气地 with confidence有信心地 with care 小心地 with courage英勇地 with delight/joy高兴地 with difficulty 困难地 with ease 轻而易举地 with fear 害怕地 with interest 兴致勃勃地 with pleasure乐意地 with pride 骄傲地 with satisfaction 满意地 with success 成功地 with kindness亲切地
|
2. 与形容词的搭配
adj. +about | adj. + in |
be concerned about ...担心. be confident about ...有信心 be crazy about ...迷 be curious about对...感到好奇 be excited about ...感到兴奋 be particular about ....讲究/挑剔 be positive about .对....积极 be puzzled about ....感到困惑 be serious about .对.....认真 be silent about .....保持沉默 be sorry about ......感到抱歉 be upset about .....感到失望 be worried about .对....担心 | be absorbed in 全神贯注于 be buried in 埋头于 be experience in 在......方面有经验 be expert in擅长.... be interested in .对....感..兴趣 be involved in专心于;参与;涉及 be lacking in缺乏 be located in位于 be occupied in忙于 be rich in富有..... be set in位于 be slow in迟迟不 be successful in在.....方面成功 be trapped in被困在..... be weak in不擅长 |
adj. +to | adj. +with |
be accustomed/used to习惯于 be attached to附属于;喜爱 be attractive to sb.对某人有吸引力 be beneficial to ....有益 be blind to没有察觉对....而不见 be close to接近 be contrary to 与..-.相反 be crucial to sth.对某物至关重要 be deaf to .对....充耳不闻 be devoted to致力于;投身于 be equal to ...平等-....相等 be essential to .对...必.不可少 be fair to ...公平 be familiar to .对....说很熟悉 be friendly kind to ....友好友善 be known to .为.....知 be limited to被限制到 be married to ...结婚 be opposed to反对 be polite to ...礼貌 be related to 与.....有关系
| be angry with sb.对某人发怒 be armed with带....武器 be busy with 忙于 be combined with与. 结合 be concerned/ associated with ...有关,涉及 be connected with .....有关 be content/ satisfied with .对....满意 be covered with被....覆盖 be crowded with充满 be decorated with被.用....装饰 be equipped with配备有 be faced with面临;面对 be familiar with ......熟悉 be filled with充满 be patient with ......耐心 be piled with堆着 be pleased with ....感到满意 be popular with 受到....欢迎 be strict with .....对......严格
|
adj. +of | adj. +for |
be afraid of害怕;担心 be ashamed of ....感到羞耻 be aware/ conscious of意识到 be capable of能够 be composed of ....组成 be made up of 组成 be fond of喜欢 be full of充满( =be filled with) be ignorant of不知道，不了解 be proud of .....骄傲 be short of缺少 be sure/certain of确信 be worthy of值得 | be anxious for急切盼望.渴望 be eager for渴望 be famous for .以.....而著名 be fit for适合,胜任 be good for .....有好处 be known for 因...著名 be late for迟到 be prepared/ready for .为.....做好准备 be responsible for ......负责 be sorry for .对.....感到抱歉 be suited for适合...... be thankful/ grateful for 因......而感激 be vital for 对......极其重要 |
adj. +at | |
be angry at对...感到恼怒 be astonished at ...感到十分惊讶 be bad at不擅长 be delighted at听到......高兴 be disappointed at 对......失望 be good at擅长 be skilled at在......方面很熟练 be surprised at 对......惊讶 | |
变式练习
基础练
1. The Greens have lived in China three years.
2. There is a bed the middle of the room.
3. The papers need to be ready next Friday.
4. The Smiths are praised the way they bring up their children.
5. good service, the restaurant offers different kinds of traditional Fujian dishes.
6. I couldn't have gone through that bitter period your generous help.
7. Soon after dinner Wayne drove off the direction of Paris.
8. Sean has formed the habit of jogging the tree-lined avenue for two hours every day.
9. If there is an American beside you, you may see him typing away on his laptop, busy work.
10. Her big goal for last December was to provide blessing bags hundreds of the homeless in Myrtle Beach.
提升练
1. its first day of trading, Shake Shack went from $21 a share to just under $ 46 a share.
2. Most people don't pay attention the chairs they use.
3. Mike must be angry me, for he walked past me without even saying hello.
4. He has been so good making furniture that nobody notices his handicap.
5. That evening, the stork flew to the fox's home and knocked the door with her long beak.
6. The sun had already sunk the horizon.
7. the Australian eastern coast lies the world-famous Great Reef.
8. Susan got back into bed and pulled the quilt her head.
9. The temperature of yesterday was 12"C zero in Shandong, and it was very warm for winter.
10. the top of the hill, you can get a better view of the whole city.
【备战2023高考】英语专题讲与练——专题2《完形填空》全能练（含解析）（新高考地区专用）： 这是一份【备战2023高考】英语专题讲与练——专题2《完形填空》全能练（含解析）（新高考地区专用），文件包含完形填空解析版-备战2023年高考英语一轮复习考点微专题docx、完形填空原卷版-备战2023年高考英语一轮复习考点微专题docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共34页， 欢迎下载使用。
【备战2023高考】英语专题讲与练——专题16《情境交际》全能练（含解析）（新高考地区专用）： 这是一份【备战2023高考】英语专题讲与练——专题16《情境交际》全能练（含解析）（新高考地区专用），文件包含专题16情境交际解析版docx、专题16情境交际原卷版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共16页， 欢迎下载使用。
【备战2023高考】英语专题讲与练——专题15《特殊句》全能练（含解析）（新高考地区专用）： 这是一份【备战2023高考】英语专题讲与练——专题15《特殊句》全能练（含解析）（新高考地区专用），文件包含专题15特殊句原卷版docx、专题15特殊句解析版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共8页， 欢迎下载使用。
