【备战2023高考】英语专题讲与练——专题1《语法填空》全能练(含解析)(新高考地区专用)
展开 语法填空
命题特点
² 高考语法填空所选文章的体裁以说明文记叙文为主。主题语境涵盖人与自我、人与社会和人与自然三大主题。主题语境内容包括人物故事、人际关系、自然环境社会生活等,较好地涵盖了课程标准涉及的话题。
² 语法填空考查形式分为给出提示词和不给出提示词两种,比例通常维持在7:3。
² 给出提示词的考查点主要包括:①构词法,且每篇文章都包含1至3个考查构词法的试题;②形容词比较级与最高级的变化;③名词单数变复数;④动词的时态、语态、主谓一致及动词的非谓语形式;⑤人称代词主格变成宾格、物主代词等。
² 不给出提示词的考査重点包括,根据上下文语境填入冠词、连词、介词、副词以及 it 等。
策略指导
² 掌握英语基本句型。
² 掌握构成句子的成分(主语、谓语、宾语、补语、定语、状语、表语、同位语)及各成分的句法功能。
² 弄清高考语法填空命题特点,掌握各专题高考常考点、易混易错点清单。
² 解题时做到:通读全文,理解大意→分析句子,确定词性→根据语意→确定词形→检查搭配,前后连贯。
考频统计
谓语动词
非谓语动词
名词
形容词
副词
连词
冠词
代词
介词
考频
46
39
20
23
10
28
12
6
16
考点分析
考频考点
经典例题
谓语动词
谓语动词的考查主要分为时态、语态和主谓一致三方面:
其中时态的考点主要集中在:
一般过去时(17次) did
一般现在时(14次)do/does
现在完成时(8次)have/has done
被动语态共考查9次,考点主要集中在:
一般现在时的被动语态(7次)
am/is/are done
一般过去时的被动语态(2次)
was/were done
主谓一致共考查11次
The GPNP ___25___ (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems.
【答案】is designed
【解析】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意:GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性,保护生物多样性,保护生态缓冲区,为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。分析句子可知,空处在句中作谓语,和句子的主语The GPNP之间为被动关系;叙述客观事实,应用一般现在时。故设空处应为一般现在时的被动语态,主语单数,谓语应用单数形式。故填is designed。
非谓语动词
考频:
2020-2022年的20套高考真题中,共200道语法填空的小题,其中共39道小题考查非谓语动词。
考点主要集中在以下几方面:
l 过去分词作定语表被动
l 不定式作目的状语
l 现在分词作状语表主动
l 现在分词作定语
l 不定式作后置定语
l 现在分词作结果状语
l 不定式作后置定语
l 现在分词作结果状语
l 现在分词作后置定语
l 过去分词作宾语补足语
___8___ (strengthen)the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media, ___9___ (invite) twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.
【答案】8.To strengthen;9. inviting
【解析】8. 考查非谓语动词。句意:为了加强与年轻人的联系,活动包括在社交媒体上的一系列公共宣传活动,邀请了来自世界各地的29名茶叶专业人士进行36小时不间断的直播。根据句意可知,此处表达“为了加强与年轻人的联系”,需要用不定式作目的状语。故填To strengthen。
9.考查非谓语动词。句意:同上。分析句式结构可知,此处为非谓语动词作状语,逻辑主语the event与invite之间为主动关系,所以用现在分词作状语,表主动关系。故填inviting。
名词
考频:
2020-2022年的20套高考真题中,共200道语法填空的小题,其中共20道小题考查名词。
考点主要集中在以下三方面:
词性转换(11次)
responsible-responsibility
protect-protection
invite-invitation
develop-development
represent-representative
marry-marriage
accurate-accuracy
require—requirement
interesting-interest
celebrate-celebration
curious-curiosity
名词单复数(7次)
名词所有格(2次)
The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we ____82____ (human) are.
【答案】humans
【解析】考查名词复数。句意:当你站在黄山山顶看见波涛汹涌般的云海,你会想到我们人类是多么的渺小。human是we的同位语,we为复数,应用human的复数形式。故填humans。
It is calculated by dividing a ____113____ (person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared.
【答案】person’s
【解析】考查名词所有格。句意:它的计算方法是用一个人的体重(公斤)除以身高(米)的平方,BMI在19到25之间被认为是健康的。分析句子结构可知,person是修饰weight的,用 person的名词所有格person’s。故填person’s。
形容词
考频:
2020-2022年的20套高考真题中,共200道语法填空的小题,其中共23道小题考查形容词。
考点主要集中在以下几方面:
词性转换如:
meaning--meaningful
形容词比较级(5次)
形容词最高级(3次)
Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more ___16___ (meaning).
【答案】meaningful
【解析】考查形容词。句意:曹认为这将使这次徒步旅行更加有意义。此处是make复合结构,应用形容词meaningful表示“有意义的”,作宾语补足语。故填meaningful。
副词
考频:
2020-2022年的20套高考真题中,共200道语法填空的小题,其中共10道小题考查副词。
主要考查形式为将所给的形容词转化成副词:
eventual -- eventually
accidental -- accidentally
rough -- roughly
undoubted – undoubtedly
safe – safely
sharp – sharply
extreme – extremely
certain – certainly
gentle – gently
particular -- particularly
When he looked down, he ___35___ (accidental ) slipped and fell over the edge.
【答案】accidentally
【解析】考查副词。句意:当他往下看时,不小心滑了一跤,从悬崖边上掉了下去。根据句子结构,设空处应该填写副词修饰动词slipped。accidental为形容词,意为“意外的,失误的”,其副词为accidentally,意为“意外地,失误地”,符合句意。故填accidentally。
介词
考频:
2020-2022年的20套高考真题中,共200道语法填空的小题,其中共16道小题考查介词。
介词主要考查形式为固定搭配,如from…to…
serve as
in the evening
not…until…
increase by
on+具体某一天
May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially ___1___ the United Nations on November 27th, 2019.
【答案】by
【解析】考查介词。句意:2019年11月27日,联合国正式将5月21日定为第一个国际茶日。根据句意可知,此处表达“被联合国在5月21日命名”。表示被动,使用固定结构“be+过去分词+by”。故填by。
连词
考频:
2020-2022年的20套高考真题中,共200道语法填空的小题,其中共28道小题考查连词。
考点分为:
并列连词(13次):其中以and居多(8次)
从句中以定语从句居多(11次)
On the 1,100 kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, ___12___ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province.
【答案】who
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:在1100公里的旅程中,8岁时因一次车祸失明的男子曹盛康穿过了三个省的40个城市和县。此处是非限制性定语从句,先行词为the man,在从句中作主语,应用关系代词who引导。故填who。
冠词
考频:
2020-2022年的20套高考真题中,共200道语法填空的小题,其中共12道小题考查冠词。
其中定冠词考查8次,为冠词考查的重点,不定冠词考查4次。
Due to ___65___ growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types of trips are now being classified as ecotourism.
【答案】the
【解析】考查冠词。句意:由于与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎,各种各样的旅行现在被归类为生态旅游。结合语意,此处特指与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎,空处应用定冠词the表示特指。故填the。
代词
考频:
2020-2022年的20套高考真题中,共200道语法填空的小题,其中共6道小题考查代词。
形容词性物主代词考查4次;名词性物主代词考查1次;反身代词考查1次
The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled (揭幕) at the ceremony, opening _____10_____ (it)first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth — A Special Exhibition of Pu’er Tea.
【答案】its
【解析】考查代词。句意:在开幕式上,中国古茶博物馆正式揭牌,开启了它的第一个展览:大道遗真——普洱茶专题展。分析句式结构可知,名词exhibition前应该用形容词性物主代词来修饰。故填its。
真题重现
(2022·全国乙卷)
May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially ___1___ the United Nations on November 27th, 2019. To celebrate ___2___ festival, a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday.
The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society ___3___ (address) the opening ceremony. “As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the ___4___ (large) tea-producing country, China has a ___5___ (responsible)to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. It can help to build a community with a ___6___ (share) future for mankind,” he said.
The “First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative” issued (发布) at the ceremony calls for people working in the tea industry to come together to promote international cooperation ___7___ cultural exchanges. A four-year tea promotion —Tea Road Cooperative Plan — was also issued in accordance with the initiative.
___8___ (strengthen)the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media, ___9___ (invite) twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.
The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled (揭幕) at the ceremony, opening _____10_____ (it)first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth — A Special Exhibition of Pu’er Tea.
【答案】
1.by 2.the 3.addressed 4.largest 5.responsibility 6.shared 7.and 8.To strengthen 9.inviting 10.its
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了为了庆祝第一个国际茶日,中国商会博物馆所举办的一系列活动。
1.考查介词。句意:2019年11月27日,联合国正式将5月21日定为第一个国际茶日。根据句意可知,此处表达“被联合国在5月21日命名”。表示被动,使用固定结构“be+过去分词+by”。故填by。
2.考查冠词。句意:为了庆祝这一节日,周四在北京的中国商人博物馆举行了一系列活动。分析句意可知,特指International Tea Day这一节日,所以用定冠词the表特指。故填the。
3.考查动词的时态。句意:中国文化促进会会长在开幕式上致辞。分析句意可知,本句是陈述过去事情,所以用一般过去时。故填addressed。
4.考查形容词最高级。句意:中国是茶的发源地和最大产茶国,作为国际茶日的主要推动者,中国有责任与其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。根据定冠词the和常识可知,中国是最大产茶国,所以用形容词的最高级形式。故填largest。
5.考查名词。句意:中国是茶的发源地和最大产茶国,作为国际茶日的主要推动者,中国有责任与其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。不定冠词a后接可数名词的单数形式。故填responsibility。
6.考查非谓语动词。句意:这有助于构建人类命运共同体。此处为非谓语动词做定语来修饰名词future。因为语动词share和名词future之间为被动关系,所以用过去分词作定语。故填shared。
7.考查连词。句意:仪式上发布的“首个国际茶日万里茶道合作倡议”呼吁茶业人士团结起来,促进国际合作和文化交流。分析句式结构可知,名词international cooperation和cultural exchanges为并列成分,作动词promote的宾语。故填and。
8.考查非谓语动词。句意:为了加强与年轻人的联系,活动包括在社交媒体上的一系列公共宣传活动,邀请了来自世界各地的29名茶叶专业人士进行36小时不间断的直播。根据句意可知,此处表达“为了加强与年轻人的联系”,需要用不定式作目的状语。故填To strengthen。
9.考查非谓语动词。句意:同上。分析句式结构可知,此处为非谓语动词作状语,逻辑主语the event与invite之间为主动关系,所以用现在分词作状语,表主动关系。故填inviting。
10.考查代词。句意:在开幕式上,中国古茶博物馆正式揭牌,开启了它的第一个展览:大道遗真——普洱茶专题展。分析句式结构可知,名词exhibition前应该用形容词性物主代词来修饰。故填its。
(2022·全国)
A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step ___11___ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.
On the 1,100 kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, ___12___ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province. Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation ___13___ (hold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road. ___14___ friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companion during the trip.
Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental ___15___ (protect). Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more ___16___ (meaning). The two of them collected more than 1,000 plastic bottles along the 40-day journey.
In the last five years. Cao ___17___ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s ___18___ (high) mountain.
Now, Cao has started the second part of his dream to walk along the Belt and Road route. He flew 4, 700 kilometers ___19___ Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept. 20, ____20____ (plan) to hike back to Xi’an in five months.
【答案】11.to journey 12.who 13.held 14.A 15.protection 16.meaningful 17.has walked 18.highest 19.from 20.planning
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是一个有视力障碍的北京男子曹盛康徒步旅行一带一路的事情。
11.考查非谓语动词。句意:近日,一名来自北京的盲人徒步40天来到西安,作为“一带一路”徒步旅行的第一步。step前面有序数词first,应用不定式,作后置定语。故填to journey。
12.考查定语从句。句意:在1100公里的旅程中,8岁时因一次车祸失明的男子曹盛康穿过了三个省的40个城市和县。此处是非限制性定语从句,先行词为the man,在从句中作主语,应用关系代词who引导。故填who。
13.考查非谓语动词。句意:受到在北京举行的“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛的启发,曹决定徒步穿越这条路线,以向古代丝绸之路致敬。动词hold意为“举行”,和谓语之间没有连词,和逻辑主语“the Belt and Road Forum”之间构成被动关系,且动作已完成,应用过去分词,作后置定语。故填held。
14.考查冠词。句意:他的一位朋友吴凡在旅行中自愿成为他的同伴。此处名词friend第一次出现,所以应用不定冠词表示泛指,且friend是以辅音音素开头的词,应用不定冠词a。故填A。
15.考查名词。句意:曹和吴还沿路收集垃圾,以促进环境保护。根据句意和空前的形容词environmental可知,此处应用名词protection,作宾语,protection表示“保护”时,是不可数名词。故填protection。
16.考查形容词。句意:曹认为这将使这次徒步旅行更加有意义。此处是make复合结构,应用形容词meaningful表示“有意义的”,作宾语补足语。故填meaningful。
17.考查动词时态。句意:在过去的五年中,曹穿越了六大洲的34个国家,2016年,他到达了乞力马扎罗山顶,这是非洲最高的山峰。根据时间状语in the last five years可知,此处应用现在完成时,主语Cao为第三人称单数,助动词用has。故填has walked。
18.考查形容词最高级。句意:在过去的五年中,曹穿越了六大洲的34个国家,2016年,他到达了乞力马扎罗山顶,这是非洲最高的山峰。根据空前Africa’s可知,此处是指三者或三者以上的比较,应用形容词最高级。故填highest。
19.考查介词。句意:9月20日,他从4700公里外的西安飞到了喀什,计划在五个月内徒步回到西安。根据句意和Xi’an to Kashgar可知,此处表示“从西安飞往喀什”,应用介词from,固定搭配from…to…表示“从……到……”。故填from。
20.考查非谓语动词。句意:9月20日,他从4700公里外的西安飞到了喀什,计划在五个月内徒步回到西安。动词plan意为“计划”,和谓语之间没有连词,和主语构成主动关系,应用现在分词,作状语。故填planning。
(2022·全国)
The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to set up a Giant Panda National Park(GPNP). ___21___ (cover)an area about three times ___22___ size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that ___23___ (be)previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority ___24___ (increase)effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP ___25___ (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, ___26___ leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”. The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate ___27___ (population)and homes of giant pandas, and ___28___ (eventual)achieve a desired level of population in the wild.
Giant pandas also serve ___29___ an umbrella species(物种), bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China. The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species _____30_____ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
【答案】
21.Covering 22.the 23.were 24.to increase 25.is designed 26.and 27.populations 28.eventually 29.as 30.that
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国政府决定建立的大熊猫国家公园(GPNP)的计划。
21.考查非谓语动词。句意:该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍,将成为中国首批国家公园之一。分析句子可知,空处应填动词非谓语形式作状语,空处和逻辑主语the GPNP为主动关系,应用现在分词形式作状语,首字母大写。故填Covering。
22.考查冠词。句意:该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍,将成为中国首批国家公园之一。分析句子可知,此处考查倍数表达法,即为:倍数+ the size of +比较成份,因此此处应填定冠词the。故填the。
23.考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区,将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构,以提高效率,减少管理上的不一致性。分析句子可知,空处在that引导的定语从句中作谓语,先行词为a significant number of areas,先行词在从句中作主语,根据“previously (之前地)”可知从句的时态应为一般过去时,根据主谓一致,从句主语复数,从句谓语要用复数形式。故填were。
24.考查非谓语动词。句意:该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区,将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构,以提高效率,减少管理上的不一致性。分析句子可知,空处应填动词非谓语形式作目的状语,故空处应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to increase。
25.考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意:GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性,保护生物多样性,保护生态缓冲区,为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。分析句子可知,空处在句中作谓语,和句子的主语The GPNP之间为被动关系;叙述客观事实,应用一般现在时。故设空处应为一般现在时的被动语态,主语单数,谓语应用单数形式。故填is designed。
26.考查连词。句意:GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性,保护生物多样性,保护生态缓冲区,为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。分析句子可知,空处前后为并列关系,应用并列连词and。故填and。
27.考查名词。句意:GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系,最终达到理想的野生大熊猫数量水平。分析句子可知,空处和and后的复数名词homes并列,且在句中作宾语,应用可数名词population ,意为“种群”,且应用复数形式。故填populations。
28.考查副词。句意:GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系,最终达到理想的野生大熊猫数量水平。分析句子可知,空处后为动词achieve,空处应用副词作状语修饰动词achieve,结合语意可知,此处意为“最终”,应用副词eventually。故填eventually。
29.考查介词。句意:大熊猫还扮演着保护伞的角色,为中国西南和西北地区的许多动植物带来保护。分析句子可知,此处考查固定短语serve as,意为“充当”,故空处应填介词as。故填as。
30.考查定语从句。句意:该计划旨在为生活在Giant Panda Range的所有物种提供更有力的保护,并显著改善该地区的生态系统健康。分析句子可知,空处考查引导限制性定语从句的关系词,指代先行词species,指物,在从句中作主语,且先行词前有all修饰,故只能用关系代词that。故填that。
(2022·全国)
Henry Tyler made the catch of the year on the weekend. When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth-floor apartment balcony (阳台), Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1.2-metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the ___31___ (fall) child.
Eric Brown, only three years old, knocked Henry down when he fell. The boy is in the hospital and doctors say he'll be OK.
___32___ Brown family live in an apartment building outside Toronto. On the day of the accident, Mrs. Brown was at work and Eric was at home with his father. They both fell ___33___ (sleep) while watching TV.
Eric woke up a little later when he heard children playing outside. He pushed a chair onto the balcony, and climbed up ___34___ (see) them. When he looked down, he ___35___ (accidental ) slipped and fell over the edge. He hung on for a few minutes ___36___ screamed for his father, but his father didn't hear him.
Henry ___37___ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. He quickly ___38___ (throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out.
He saved my ___39___ (son) life," said Mrs. Brown. "I don't know ___40___ to thank him.”
"I just didn't want the boy to be hurt," said Henry.
【答案】
31.falling 32.The 33.asleep 34.to see 35.accidentally 36.and 37.was fixing 38.threw 39.son's 40.how
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文,讲述的是正在修车的Henry拯救了挂在六楼公寓的阳台上,即将要掉下来的小孩Eric的故事。
31.考查非谓语动词。句意:当亨利看到一个小男孩挂在六楼公寓的阳台上时,他跑了100米,跳过了1.2米高的栅栏,伸出双臂去接要掉下来的孩子。句中的hold out为谓语动词,设空处应该使用非谓语动词。根据句意,fall为动词,意为“掉落”, child和fall之间是主动关系,同时表示正在进行的含义。故应该使用现在分词作定语。故填falling。
32.考查冠词。句意:布朗一家住在多伦多郊外的一栋公寓楼里。根据句子结构,设空处要填写冠词与Brown family 构成名词短语作主语。the+姓氏,意为“某某一家人”,the符合句意。同时该单词置于句首,首字母应该大写。故填The。
33.考查形容词。句意:他们俩看电视的时候都睡着了。根据句子结构可知,设空处应该填写形容词作表语。sleep为动词,意为“睡觉”,其形容词为asleep。fall asleep为固定搭配,意为“熟睡的”,asleep符合句意。故填asleep。
34.考查非谓语动词。句意:过了一会儿,艾瑞克听到孩子们在外面玩耍的声音,醒了过来。他把一把椅子推到阳台上,爬上去看他们。句中的climb up为谓语动词,设空处应该使用谓语动词。根据句意,他要爬到阳台去看他们(外面玩闹的孩子们。),故应该使用to do不定式作目的状语。故填to see。
35.考查副词。句意:当他往下看时,不小心滑了一跤,从悬崖边上掉了下去。根据句子结构,设空处应该填写副词修饰动词slipped。accidental为形容词,意为“意外的,失误的”,其副词为accidentally,意为“意外地,失误地”,符合句意。故填accidentally。
36.考查连词。句意:他坚持了几分钟,尖叫喊着他的父亲,但他的父亲没有听到他。根据句子结构,设空处应该填写连词,连接hung和screamed两个动作。根据句意,此处表示并列关系。故填and。
37.考查动词。句意:听到尖叫声时,亨利正在修车。根据句子结构,设空处应该填写谓语动词。根据空后的when he heard the screams,可知,设空处的动作是正在发生的,同时该句描述的是过去的事实。故使用过去进行时。fix为动词,意为“修理”,其过去进行时为was fixing。故填was fixing。
38.考查过去式。句意:他迅速把工具扔到一边,伸出胳膊跑了起来。根据句子结构,设空处与空后的and started构成并列结构。故应该使用一般过去时。throw为动词,意为“扔”,过去时为threw。故填threw。
39.考查名词所有格。句意:他拯救了我儿子的生命。根据句意,life与提示词son之间是所属关系,故应该使用名词所有格。故填son’s。
40.考查特殊疑问词。句意:我不知道如何去感谢他。根据句子结构,设空处填写的是特殊疑问词+to do不定式结构作宾语。根据句意,how意为“如何”,符合句意。故填how。
(2022·北京)
Helen was walking down the street late ____41____ the evening, her arms filled with grocery bags. Focused on balancing the bags, she didn’t notice her wallet falling out of her pocket. As Helen walked on, she heard a man charging towards her. Fearful that he might have an intention ____42____ (harm) her, Helen started to run. Eventually, the man ____43____ (catch) up with her, and he was only trying to return her wallet!
【答案】41.in 42.to harm 43.caught
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述的是海伦在夜间独行时的一段经历。
41.考查介词。句意:深夜,海伦抱着购物袋走在街上。in the evening意为“在晚上”,固定搭配。故in。
42.考查非谓语动词。句意:海伦担心他可能有意伤害她,便开始快跑。分析句子结构,可知空处应填非谓语动词的形式,have an intention to do sth.意为“有意向做某事”,固定搭配,不定式作后置定语。故填to harm。
43.考查动词时态。句意:最终,那个男人追上了她,他只是想把她的钱包还给她!结合句意空处应填谓语动词的形式,动作发生在过去,应用一般过去时。故填caught。
(2022·北京)
Why do humans prefer some smells over others? One theory, increasingly ____44____ (support) by experts, suggests that smell preferences are learned. It’s easy to explain how we determine ____45____ smells are dangerous or not: we learn. This has been adopted to ensure easier detection of gas leaks. Gas naturally ____46____ (have) no recognisable smell. However, a strong smell is added so that we can raise the alarm when we detect the smell associated with danger.
【答案】44.supported 45.whether 46.has
【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍的是人们更喜欢一些味道而不是其它的味道的一个原因,是因为人们对气味的偏好是习得的,这个理论也是越来越多地被专家支持的。
44.考查非谓语动词。句意:被专家越来越多地支持的一个理论表明气味的偏好是习得的。分析句子结构可知,空格处的动词做非谓语,结合空格后的by experts可判断出该处意为“被专家们支持”,所以空格处应用过去分词表被动。故填supported。
45.考查宾语从句的引导词。句意:解释我们怎样确定气味是不是危险的是容易的:我们学习到的。分析句子结构可知,空格前的determine为及物动词,空格后是主+系+表的句子结构,所以空格处的词用来引导宾语从句。再结合句意及空格后句子中的or not可知,此处考查whether…or not的搭配。故填whether。
46.考查主谓一致。句意:气体本来没有可识别的味道。分析句子结构可知空格处的动词作谓语,本句话是在陈述客观事实,应用一般现在时态,且主语gas在本文中指的是气体的统称,为不可数名词,所以谓语动词要用单三形式。故填has。
(2022·北京)
Since people can’t always eat out or cook for ____47____ (they), they get takeout or order delivery. More takeout and more food delivery equal more waste, especially plastic waste. That includes cups, bottles, and bags, most of ____48____ are only good for one use. That’s a big problem and it is getting even ____49____ (bad). The use of those plastics ____50____ (increase) by 300% since 2019. The world won’t survive if this situation continues.
【答案】47.themselves 48.which 49.worse 50.has increased
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了人们在点外卖的同时,也增加了塑料产品的使用,造成了环境污染。
【详解】1.考查反身代词。句意:因为人们不能总是在外面吃饭或者为他们自己做饭,所以他们叫外卖或者叫外卖。空处在句中作介词for的宾语,当主语和宾语为同一物时,宾语要用反身代词。所以此处要用反身代词themselves。故填themselves。
2.考查定语从句。句意:这包括杯子、瓶子和袋子,其中大多数(东西)只有一种用途。分析可知,most of ______are only good for one use在句中为非限制性定语从句;先行词为cups, bottles, and bags,在从句中作介词of的宾语,所以此处用关系代词which。故填which。
3.考查比较级。句意:这是个大问题,而且越来越严重。even“甚至”常置于比较级前,所以此处用worse,故填worse。
4.考查现在完成时。句意:自从2019年,那些塑料的使用已经增加了300%。根据句中since 2019,可知此处用现在完成时。主语The use of those plastics为单数含义,助动词用has。故填has increased。
(2022·浙江)
Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics ___51___ are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change. Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like frequently by plane ____52____(view) as important for scientists to get together and exchange information. But Cobb and others ____53____ (be) now questioning that idea pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely, and ____54____(change) their personal behavior to do their part in dealing with the climate change crisis. On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, _____55_____(rough) 200 academics - many of them climate scientists ____56____ (promise) to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago.
Cobb, for her party, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak ___57___ she could do so remotely; about three-quarters of ___58___ time, they agreed. When the answer, was no, she, declined the ____59____ (invite). That approach brought Cobb's air travel last year down by 75%, and she plans _______60_______(continue) the practice. "It has been fairly rewarding. ", she says, "a really positive change."
【答案】51.who##that 52.is viewed##has been viewed 53.are 54.changing 55.roughly 56.have promised 57.whether##if 58.the 59.invitation 60.to continue
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一个由学者团体发行的实践,目的是为了减少学术飞行以应对气候变化危机。
51.考查定语从句。句意:亚特兰大佐治亚科技研究院的教授Kim Cobb是一个少数但是不断增加的少数学者中的一员,因为气候变化,他们正在削减他们的飞机旅行。名词academics后为定语从句且在从句中作主语,应使用关系代词替代,故填that/who。
52.考查被动语态。句意:对科学家而言,旅行去参加会议、讲座、工作室之类的地方来相聚并交流信息这件事被视为是重要的。描述人们普遍认知的事情用一般现在时,此处也可以表示强调人们从过去到现在的认知,动名词作主语与主谓之间存在被动关系,故填is viewed或has been viewed。
53.考查时态和主谓一致。句意:但是现在Cobb和其他人正在质疑那个想法,推动会议提供更多远程参加的机会以及为了尽自己的能力来应对气候变化危机,他们正在改变他们的个人行为。根据句意可知,此处也应使用现在进行时,主语为复数,故填are。
54.考查时态。句意:但是现在Cobb和其他人正在质疑那个想法,推动会议提供更多远程参加的机会以及为了尽自己的能力来应对气候变化危机,他们正在改变他们的个人行为。分析句子结构可知,此处and连接并列的动词questioning和change,故填changing。
55.考查副词。句意:例如,在一个叫“无飞行科学家”的网站上,自从两年前成立以来,大约有200个学者,他们中很多人承诺尽可能少飞行。此处修饰数字用副词roughly“粗略地大约”,故填roughly。
56.考查时态。句意:例如,在一个叫“无飞行科学家”的网站上,自从两年前成立以来,大约有200个学者,他们中很多人承诺尽可能少飞行。根据时间状语“since+过去时间”可知主句应使用现在完成时,故填have promised。
57.考查宾语从句。句意:对于她的出席,Cobb开始询问邀请她的组织者是否可以远程进行。显然ask后面出现了一个宾语从句,宾语从句句意不完整,whether/if“是否”符合语境,故填whether或if。
58.考查冠词。句意:大约有四分之三的时间,他们同意了。此处特指Cobb询问的时间范围内,故填the。
59.考查名词。句意:当答案是否定的时候,她拒绝了那个邀请。此处需填入名词作动词decline的宾语,故填invitation。
60.考查动词不定式。句意:他打算继续这个实践。动词plan后面跟动词不定式,plan to do sth“计划做”,故填to continue。
(2021·全国)
Ecotourism is commonly regarded as low impact (影响) travel to undisturbed places. It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become ___61___ (educate) about the areas - both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the ___62___(develop) of the local areas.
Ecotourism has ___63___(it) origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s. It was not widely accepted as a travel concept ___64___ the late 1980s. During that time, increasing environmental awareness made it desirable.
Due to ___65___ growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types ___66___ trips are now being classified as ecotourism. Actually, a true eco-friendly trip must meet the following principles:
·Minimize the impact of ___67___(visit) the place.
·Build respect for and awareness of the environment and cultural practices.
·Provide ___68___(finance) aid and other benefits for local peoples.
·Make sure that the tourism provides experiences for both the visitors and the hosts.
Komodo National Park, officially recognized in 1980, is popular for ecotourism because of its unique biodiversity.___69___(activity) there range from whale watching to hiking (远足) and accommodations aim _____70_____(have) a low impact on the natural environment.
【答案】
61.educated 62.development 63.its 64.until 65.the 66.of 67.visiting 68.financial 69.Activities 70.to have
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了生态旅游通常被认为是到未受干扰地区的低影响旅游。但是由于与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎,各种各样的旅行现在被归类为生态旅游。实际上,生态旅游必须满足一些规定。
61.考查形容词。句意:这不同于传统的旅游,因为它能让旅行者了解这个地区——无论是地理环境还是文化特色,并且经常为环境保护提供资金,并有利于当地的发展。分析句子成分可知,此处查固定搭配become educated about表示“对……有所了解”。故填educated。
62.考查名词。句意:这不同于传统的旅游,因为它能让旅行者了解这个地区——无论是地理环境还是文化特色,并且经常为环境保护提供资金,并有利于当地的发展。根据空格前的定冠词the可知,此处填入名词development,表示“发展”,作动词benefits的宾语。故填development。
63.考查代词。句意:生态旅游起源于20世纪70年代的环境运动。结合语意,此处表示生态旅游有它的起源,空处应用形容词性物主代词its,表示“它的”,符合句意。故填its。
64.考查介词。句意:直到20世纪80年代晚期才作为旅游观念被广泛接受。根据句意可知,此处表示“直到20世纪80年代晚期才作为旅游观念被广泛接受”,应用短语not…until…,表示“直到……才……”,符合句意。故填until。
65.考查冠词。句意:由于与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎,各种各样的旅行现在被归类为生态旅游。结合语意,此处特指与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎,空处应用定冠词the表示特指。故填the。
66.考查介词。句意:由于与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎,各种各样的旅行现在被归类为生态旅游。various types of 为固定搭配,表示“各种各样的”,所以空处应填介词of。故填of。
67.考查非谓语动词。句意:最大限度地减少参观这个地方的影响。根据空格前介词of可知,空格处应填动名词形式作介词of的宾语。故填visiting。
68.考查形容词。句意:为当地人民提供财政援助和其他福利。空格修饰名词aid,应用形容词形式作定语,financial是形容词,表示“财政的”,符合句意。故填financial。
69.考查名词。句意:那里的活动从观鲸到徒步旅行和住宿的宗旨是对自然环境影响达到很小。分析句子结构,空处应用名词作句子主语,应用名词的复数形式表示泛指,置于句首,首字母大写。故填Activities。
70.考查非谓语动词。句意:那里的活动从观鲸到徒步旅行和住宿的宗旨是对自然环境影响达到很小。aim to do为固定短语,表示“旨在,目的是”,符合句意,所以空处应用不定式形式。故填to have。
(2021·全国)
The Xi’an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China’s long history. It ___71___ (build) originally to protect the city ___72___ the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复). It is possible ___73___ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
We accessed the wall through the South Gate. The wall is 12 meters high and from here you can see streams of people moving inside and outside the City Wall.
After ___74___ (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what ___75___ (good) than to ride on a piece of history!
We ___76___ (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and shaky ___77___ did the job. It took us about 3 hours to go all ___78___ way around the Xi’an City Wall. Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and ___79___ (watchtower) to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their ______80______ (day) routines.
【答案】
71.was built 72.in##during 73.to walk 74.spending 75.better 76.hired 77.but 78.the 79.watchtowers 80.daily
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者游览西安长城的过程。
71.考查动词语态。句意:它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造的,现在已经完全修复了。build和主语it之间是被动关系,应用被动语态,根据时间状语the Tang dynasty可知,应用一般过去时。故填was built。
72.考查介词。句意:它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造的,现在已经完全修复了。表示“在某个朝代”,应用介词in或during。故填in或during。
73.考查非谓语动词。句意:骑行或者走完全程的14公里是可能的。固定句型It +be+adj+to do sth.,it为形式主语,不定式短语作真正主语。故填to walk。
74.考查非谓语动词。句意:在花了一些时间查看了城墙上所有的防御设备之后,我们决定是时候采取一些行动了,还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。此处After为介词,应用动名词,作介词宾语。故填spending。
75.考查形容词比较级。句意:在花了一些时间查看了城墙上所有的防御设备之后,我们决定是时候采取一些行动了,还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。根据后文than可知,此处应用形容词good的比较级better。故填better。
76.考查动词时态。句意:我们从南门的租赁处租了自行车。根据语境可知,此处描述过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时。故填hired。
77.考查连词。句意:我的自行车又旧又摇摇晃晃,但还可以骑。后文did the job和前文My bike was old and shaky之间存在转折关系,应用转折连词but。故填but。
78.考查冠词。句意:我们绕着西安城墙一路走了大约3个小时。固定短语all the way“一直,完全地”。故填the。
79.考查名词复数。句意:据说你可以在两个小时内完成,但我们在不同的大门和了望台停下来拍照,或者只是看当地人进行他们的日常生活。watchtower是可数名词,由different修饰,应用复数形式。故填watchtowers。
80.考查形容词。句意:据说你可以在两个小时内完成,但我们在不同的大门和了望台停下来拍照,或者只是看当地人进行他们的日常生活。修饰后文名词routines,应用形容词daily,作定语。故填daily。
(2021·全国)
Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles’ song “The Long and Winding Road”. ____81____ is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we ____82____ (human) are.
The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It will ____83____(undoubted) help you get refreshed! The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the ____84____ (hot) the spring! Strange, isn’t it? But that’s how nature is — always leaving us ____85____ (astonish).
What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it ____86____ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure ____87____offers a place where you can sit down to rest your ____88____ (ache) legs.
As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitor’s memory. It sure does in ____89____ (I). While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is _____90_____ must to visit!
【答案】
81.What 82.humans 83.undoubtedly 84.hotter 85.astonished 86.was 87.and 88.aching 89.mine 90.a
【分析】本文属于说明文。文章介绍黄山的三种代表性的事物——云海,温泉以及台阶。
81.考查主语从句。句意:这次经历的惊人之处在于这世界之外的景色。此处是主语从句,从句缺乏主语,应用what引导,指代“经历的事情”。故填What。
82.考查名词复数。句意:当你站在黄山山顶看见波涛汹涌般的云海,你会想到我们人类是多么的渺小。human是we的同位语,we为复数,应用human的复数形式。故填humans。
83.考查副词。句意:它无疑会帮助你恢复精神!此处修饰动词help,应用副词undoubtedly“毫无疑问地”。故填undoubtedly。
84.考查形容词比较级。句意:关于黄山温泉让人惊讶的是,气温越低,温泉越暖和!此处是固定结构“the +比较级,the+比较级”,意为“越……,越……”。故填hotter。
85.考查形容词。句意:但大自然就是这样——总是让我们惊讶。此处是“leave +宾语+宾语补足语”,补充说明宾语us的感受,应用-ed结尾形容词astonished,表示人的感受“感到震惊的”。故填astonished。
86.考查动词时态。句意:你不禁会想,对当时的人们来说,把这些石头都安置好有多难。分析句子可知,“how hard it 61 (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place”作wonder的宾语,it是从句的形式主语,不定式为真正主语,谓语动词用单数形式,“安置台阶的石头”是过去的事情,应用一般过去时。故填was。
87.考查连词。句意:虽然在上山的路上,这是唯一不自然的事情,但它仍然突出了整个冒险,并且提供了一个你可以坐下来休息你疼痛的双腿的地方。分析句子可知,“highlights the whole adventure”与“offers a place”部分为并列关系,都是作it的谓语,应用并列连词and。故填and。
88.考查形容词。句意:虽然在上山的路上,这是唯一不自然的事情,但它仍然突出了整个冒险,并且提供了一个你可以坐下来休息你疼痛的双腿的地方。分析句子及语境可知,此处应用形容词aching“疼痛的”,修饰名词legs,意为“疼痛的双腿”。故填aching。
89.考查代词。句意:正如歌中所唱,这条漫长而曲折的道路“永远不会消失”,它将永远留在游客的记忆中。对我来说确实如此。根据前一句“it will always stick in the visitor's memory”可知,本句的does替代前一句的stick,本句缺乏宾语,应用名词性物主代词mine,指代my memory。故填mine。
90.考查冠词。句意:当你在中国的时候,黄山是一个你一定要去的地方。must作名词时,意为“绝对必要的事物”,为可数名词,此处泛指“一个必须去的地方”,应用不定冠词,must是以辅音音素开头的词,应用a。故填a。
(2021·全国)
I've always loved the ocean. In the____91____ (seven) grade,I started volunteering at the Monterey Bay Aquarium in California. I was upset to learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage, ____92____ (think)it is food.
I decided to do something ____93____ (educate) people about this problem. I held presentations at schools to teach kids about plastic waste. I wanted to reach businesses too. I decided that if I learned of a company____94____ used a lot of plastic, I'd send it an email urging it to cut back.
One day, I saw a commercial for a health-care company. People in the ad were using plastic straws (吸管). I found the contact information of the company____95____ emailed its president. I told him how ____96____ (harm) plastic could be to the environment and asked him to consider using more eco-friendly options. I was so____97____ (excite) when he wrote back to me.He said he would make sure that the company cut its use of plastic straws in half.
I kept going. Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic, I'd send an email. One of the biggest companies I wrote to ____98____ (be) Alaska Airlines Paris. A company ____99____ (represent) wrote back and told me the airline was switching over _____100_____ plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights.
【答案】
91.seventh 92.thinking 93.to educate 94.which##that 95.and 96.harmful 97.excited 98.was 99.representative 100.from
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章作者讲述了自己为了保护海洋,减少塑料垃圾所做出的努力。
91.考查序数词。句意:七年级的时候,我开始在加州的蒙特利湾水族馆做志愿者。 表示“七年级” 用序数词,所以填seventh。
92.考查非谓语动词。句意:当我得知许多海洋动物吃塑料垃圾,以为那是食物时,我很难过。分析句子结构, 2 (think)it is food.用作状语,think与其逻辑主语many sea animals之间是主动关系,用现在分词,所以填thinking。
93.考查非谓语动词。句意:我决定做一些事情来教育人们这个问题。分析句子结构, 3 (educate) people about this problem.用作目的状语,用不定式,所以填to educate。
94.考查定语从句。句意:我决定,如果我知道有哪家公司大量使用塑料,我就给它发邮件,敦促它减少使用塑料。分析句子结构, 4 used a lot of plastic是一个定语从句,修饰先行词a company,关系词在从句中作主语,指物,用which或that引导该从句,所以填which或that。
95.考查连词。句意:我找到了这家公司的联系方式,并给公司总裁发了电子邮件。“found”和“emailed”之间是并列关系,用and连接两个并列的谓语动词,所以填and。
96.考查形容词。句意:我告诉他塑料对环境的危害,并请他考虑使用更环保的产品。该处为how引导的感叹句,how之后接形容词,所以填harmful。
97.考查形容词。句意:当他给我回信时,我很兴奋。该空作was之后的表语,用形容词,修饰人,用v+ed形式的形容词,所以填excited。
98.考查时态和主谓一致。句意:我给写信的最大的公司之一是巴黎阿拉斯加航空公司。 根据定语从句的谓语动词“wrote” 可知这里描述发生在过去的事情,用一般过去时;one of + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数结构中,谓语动词用单数,所以填was。
99.考查名词。句意:一位公司代表回信告诉我,该航空公司将把每天1200个航班的塑料杯换成纸杯。该空作句子主语,用名词,前面有不定冠词修饰,用名词单数,所以填representative。
100.考查介词。句意:一位公司代表回信告诉我,该航空公司将把每天1200个航班从塑料杯换成纸杯。 from sth to sth从...到..., 所以填from。
(2021·北京)
Why do we dream?Scientists aren't completely sure,and they have diverse____101____ (idea).Dreams might be a side effect of memory making.When you sleep,your brain sorts through everything ____102____ happened during the day,trying to link new experiences to old memories.As it ____103____ (connect) things,your brain turns them into a story,and you get a dream.
【答案】101.ideas 102.that 103.connects
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章解释了我们为什么会做梦的原因。
101.考查可数名词的数。句意:科学家们还不能完全确定,他们有不同的想法。diverse“不同的,多种多样的”,形容词作定语,后接可数名词复数;idea想法,可数名词。故填ideas。
102.考查定语从句。句意:当你睡觉时,你的大脑会整理白天发生的一切,试图将新经历与旧记忆联系起来。分析句子结构可知,空处需用连接词引导定语从句,先行词是不定代词everything,关系词在定语从句中作主语,所以此处需用关系代词that引导定语从句。故填that。
103.考查时态。句意:当它连接事物时,你的大脑将它们变成一个故事,然后你就得到了一个梦。由主句谓语动词turns可知,空处从句的谓语动词需用一般现在时态,主语是第三人称单数it,所以空处谓语动词需用单数。故填connects。
(2021·北京)
Sam is an in-real-life streamer(播主),and he live streams himself just going about his day.While riding his bike home ____104____ a cold night,he came across a sad-looking elderly woman wandering the streets by herself.The poor woman wasn't able to give him any information about ____105____ she lived.Sam walked her to a nearby convenience store so that she could ____106____(safe) wait for the police to take her home.
【答案】104.on 105.where 106.safely
【分析】本文是记叙文。讲述了生活博主Sam救助一个老妇人的故事。
104.考查介词。句意:在一个寒冷的夜晚,当他骑着自行车回家时,他遇到了一个看起来悲伤的老妇人独自在街上游荡。表示“在具体的某一天”或“(在具体的某一天的)早上、中午、晚上”等,须用介词on。故填on。
105.考查宾语从句。句意:这个可怜的老妇人不能说清楚她住在哪里。介词about后是宾语从句,根据句意,此处用where“在哪里;……的地方”符合句意,从句中作地点状语,故填where。
106.考查副词。句意:山姆带她去了附近的一家便利店,这样她就可以安全地等警察带她回家了。修饰动词wait用副词作状语,故填safely。
(2021·北京)
There ____107____(be) a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years,____108____(cause) largely by rising global temperatures,according to a new report from the United Nations. From 2000 to 2019, there were 7,348 major natural disasters around the world,____109____(result) in USD 2,970 billion in economic loss.Much of this increase can be due to climate change. The findings show a critical need ____110____ (invest) in disaster prevention.
【答案】107.has been 108.caused 109.resulting 110.to invest
【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章指出过去20年里,极端天气事件的数量急剧增加,这在很大程度上是由全球气温上升造成的,引发重大自然灾害,造成了极大的经济损失,因此人们急需投资于灾害预防。
107.考查动词时态。句意:根据联合国的一份新报告,过去20年里,极端天气事件的数量急剧增加,这在很大程度上是由全球气温上升造成的。根据时间状语over the past 20 years可知,此处使用现在完成时,a dramatic rise是单数感念,助动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填has been。
108.考查非谓语动词。句意同上。a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events与cause是逻辑动宾关系,应用过去分词,表被动。故填caused。
109.考查非谓语动词。句意:2000年至2019年,全球共发生重大自然灾害7348起,造成经济损失2.97万亿美元。7,348 major natural disasters around the world与result是逻辑主谓关系,且表示一种自然的结果,应用现在分词,作结果状语。故填resulting。
110.考查非谓语动词。句意:研究结果表明,急需投资于灾害预防。根据语境可知,此处表示未来的动作,应用不定式,作后置定语。故填to invest。
(2021·浙江)
In a study of 33 years of trends in Body Mass Index (体重指数) across 200 countries, the scientists found that people worldwide are getting heavier ____111____ that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas.
BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool ____112____ gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight. It is calculated by dividing a ____113____ (person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared. and a BMI of between 19 and 25 ____114____ (consider) healthy.
The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased ____115____ 2. 1 in women and men. In cities, however, the gain ____116____ (be) 1. 3 in women and 1. 6 in men. The researchers described “striking changes” in the geography of BMI. Tn 1985,urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries ____117____ (study) had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas. But 30 years later, the BMI difference between urban and rural people in many countries had narrowed ____118____(sharp).
This may be due to some disadvantages for people ____119____ (live) in the countryside, including ____120____ (low) levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.
【答案】
111.and 112.that##which 113.person’s 114.is considered 115.by 116.was 117.studied 118.sharply 119.living 120.lower
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如今世界各地的人体重越来越超标,主要是由于农村地区的体重指数(BMI)增加了,并分析了其中的原因。
111.考查连词。句意:在一项对200个国家33年体重指数趋势的研究中,科学家们发现,世界各地的人们体重越来越重,而这主要是由于农村地区体重指数的增加。分析句子结构可知,that people worldwide are getting heavier和that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas.都是found引导的宾语从句,是并列关系,故填and。
112.考查定语从句。句意:BMI是一种国际公认的测量工具,它可以显示一个人的体重是否健康。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导的是定语从句,修饰先行词tool,且在从句中做主语,故填that/which。
113.考查名词所有格。句意:它的计算方法是用一个人的体重(公斤)除以身高(米)的平方,BMI在19到25之间被认为是健康的。分析句子结构可知,person是修饰weight的,用 person的名词所有格person’s。故填person’s。
114.考查动词被动语态。句意:它的计算方法是用一个人的体重(公斤)除以身高(米)的平方,BMI在19到25之间被认为是健康的。分析句子结构可知,句子缺少谓语,主语(a BMI)是单数,时态是一般现在时,且主语和consider是表被动关系,故填is considered。
115.考查介词。句意:研究发现,1985年至2017年间,农村女性和男性的平均BMI增加了2.1。increase by表示“增加了”;increase to表示“增加到”。根据正常的成人BMI数值(18.5-23.9)可知,increase by符合语境,故填by。
116.考查主谓一致和动词时态。句意:然而,在城市中,女性增加了1.3,男性增加了1.6。分析句子结构可知,句子缺少谓语,主语(gain)是单数,时态是一般过去时,故填was。
117.考查非谓语动词。句意:1985年,在被研究的国家中,超过四分之三的城市男性和女性的BMIs高于农村地区的男性和女性。分析句子结构可知,句子的谓语是had,所以study用非谓语形式,它的逻辑主语是countries,表被动关系,应该使用过去分词作定语。故填studied。
118.考查副词。句意:但30年后,许多国家城市和农村人口的BMI差异大幅缩小。分析句子结构可知,sharp是要修饰动词narrow,用sharp的副词形式sharply。故填sharply。
119.考查非谓语动词。句意:这可能是由于生活在农村的人有一些不利条件,包括较低的收入和教育水平,较高的健康食品成本,以及较少的体育设施。分析句子结构可知,句子已有谓语动词may be,故live用非谓语形式,它的逻辑主语是people,表主动关系,做定语,用现在分词形式,故填living。
120.考查形容词比较级。句意:这可能是由于生活在农村的人有一些不利条件,包括较低的收入和教育水平,较高的健康食品成本,以及较少的体育设施。分析句子结构可知,including说明的是一些不利条件,且后面有higher和fewer,是并列关系,所以low也应该用比较级形式,故填lower。
(2021·全国)
It doesn’t impress like George Washington’s plantation on the Potomac, but Lincoln’s home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, ___121___ (prove)irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public. Beautifully restored(修复)to its 1860 appearance, the house was Abraham and Mary Lincoln’s home for 17 years. In 1844 they bought it ___122___ $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their ___123___ (marry)ceremony in 1842.
When the house was built, it was much ___124___ (small)than it is today. Mary’s niece wrote, “The little home ___125___ (paint)white.” It was sweet and fresh. Mary loved it. She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of ___126___ (she), everything in good taste and in perfect order.
Although Mary loved flowers, ___127___ she nor her husband was known as a gardener. A long- time neighbor said they never planted trees and only kept a garden for one year. Mary’s sister, Frances Todd Wallace, often came over ___128___ (plant)flowers in the front yard.
___129___ Lincolns enlarged the house to a full two stories in 1856 to meet the needs of their growing family. Three of the four Lincoln sons were born here. After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and ____130____ (sell)most of their furniture.
【答案】
121.has proved##has proven 122.for 123.marriage 124.smaller 125.was painted 126.herself 127.neither 128.to plant 129.The 130.sold
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国总统林肯在伊利诺伊州斯普林菲尔德市中心的老房子的变迁史。
121.考查动词时态。句意:它不像乔治·华盛顿在波托马克河畔的种植园那样给人留下深刻印象,但林肯在伊利诺伊州斯普林菲尔德市中心的家,自从向公众开放以来,就被证明对游客来说是不可抗拒的。根据时间状语“since it opened to the public”可知,此处指过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响,故设空处用现在完成时;主语Lincoln’s home in downtown Springfield Illinois是第三人称单数,所以助动词用has,提示词prove 的过去分词形式是proved或proven。故填 has proved/ has proven。
122.考查介词。句意:1844年,他们以1200美元的价格从查尔斯·德莱瑟手中买下了这座房子和一些土地,查尔斯·德莱瑟在1842年举行了他们的婚礼。结合句意可知,此处考查固定短语buy sth. for +价格,意为“以……价格买某物”。故填for。
123.考查名词。句意:1844年,他们以1200美元的价格从查尔斯·德莱瑟手中买下了这座房子和一些土地,查尔斯·德莱瑟在1842年举行了他们的婚礼。marriage ceremony意为“婚礼”,此处用名词作定语,故填marriage。
124.考查形容词比较级。句意:这栋房子建成时比现在小得多。结合设空前的much和设空后的than可知,此处用形容词比较级形式,故填smaller。
125.考查被动语态。句意:这个小房子被粉刷成了白色。分析句子结构可知,设空处作谓语动词,The little home作主语。结合句意及常识可知,房子是“被粉刷”的,主语和谓语动词之间是被动关系,所以要用被动语态;根据上文的was built可知,此处为一般过去时态;一般过去时的被动语态结构是was/were+过去分词;主语The little home是单数第三人称,所以要用was,提示词paint的过去分词形式是painted。故填was painted。
126.考查代词。句意:她非常漂亮,她的房子是她自己的写照,一切都很有品位,井井有条。根据句意可知,此处意为“她自己”,可知此处考查反身代词,作宾语;提示词she的反身代词是herself。故填herself。
127.考查连词。句意:虽然玛丽喜欢花,但她和她的丈夫都不是有名的园丁。根据句意可知,此处考查连词结构“neither…nor…”,意为“既不……也不……”。故填neither。
128.考查动词不定式。句意:玛丽的妹妹弗朗西丝·托德·华莱士经常来前院种花。分析句子结构可知,设空处作状语;根据句意可知,此处是目的状语;目的状语用动词不定式表示,故填to plant。
129.考查冠词。句意:林肯夫妇在1856年把房子扩大到了整整两层,以满足他们日益增长的家庭的需要。根据句意可知,此处意为“林肯一家”;根据设空后的Lincolns可知,此处考查“the+姓氏复数”,表示夫妇俩,或者一家人。设空处位于句首,所以首字母要大写。故填The。
130.考查动词时态。句意:1861年林肯当选美国总统后,他们把房子租了出去,卖掉了大部分家具。分析句子成分可知,设空处和前面的动词rented一起做并列谓语;根据时间状语1861可知,此处用一般过去时态,提示词sell的过去式是sold。故填sold。
(2020·全国)
Many people have the hobby of collecting things, e.g. stamps, postcards or antiques. In the 18th and 19th centuries, ___131___ (wealth) people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art. They kept their collection at home until it got too big ___132___ until they died, and then it was given to a museum. The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, ___133___ (form) the core collection of the British Museum ___134___ opened in 1759.
The parts of a museum open to the public ___135___ (call) galleries or rooms. Often, only a small part of a museum’s collection ___136___ (be) on display. Most of it is stored away or used for research.
Many museums are lively places and they attract a lot of visitors. As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine ___137___ (they) living at a different time in history or ___138___(walk)through a rainforest. At the Jorvik Centre in York, the city’s Viking settlement is recreated, and people experience the sights, sounds and smells of the old town. Historical ___139___ (accurate) is important but so is entertainment. Museums must compete ____140____people’s spare time and money with other amusements. Most museums also welcome school groups and arrange special activities for children.
【答案】
131.wealthy 132.or 133.formed 134.which/that 135.are called 136.is 137.themselves 138.walking 139.accuracy 140.for
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了博物馆藏品的来源及博物馆给人们带来的好处和面临的挑战。
131.考查形容词。句意:在18和19世纪,富人旅行并收集植物、历史物品和艺术品。此处修饰名词people,应使用形容词,做定语。故填wealthy。
132.考查连词。句意:他们把自己的藏品留在家里,直到收藏变得太大或者自己去世,然后这些藏品被捐给一家博物馆。根据语境可知,前后陈述的是两者可能性,应使用连词or:或者。故填or。
133.考查动词时态。句意:例如,汉斯•斯隆爵士的8万件藏品构成了1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核心藏品。此处是谓语动词,根据时间状语in1759可知,应使用一般过去时。故填formed。
134.考查定语从句。句意:例如,汉斯•斯隆爵士的8万件藏品构成了1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核心藏品。此处是限定性定语从句,先行词是the British Museum,关系词在从句中做主语,应使用关系代词which/that引导。故填which/that。
135.考查动词时态及语态。句意:博物馆对公众开放的部分被称为画廊或展厅。此处描述的是客观使用,应使用一般现在时;主语与call是逻辑动宾关系,应使用被动语态,且主语是复数概念。故填are called。
136.考查主谓一致。句意:通常,博物馆只展出一小部分藏品。此处描述的是客观事实,应使用一般现在时,主语a small part of a museum’s collection是单数概念,谓语动词应使用第三人称单数形式,且后面的Most of it is stored away or used for research.中的is也是提示。故填is。
137.考查反身代词。句意:除了观赏展品,游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏,想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期,或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处指代visitors,意为“他们自己”,应使用反身代词。故填themselves。
138.考查非谓语动词。句意:除了观赏展品,游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏,想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期,或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处与living是并列成分,共同做imagine的宾补,imagine sb doing sth. “想象某人做某事”。故填walking。
139.考查名词。句意:历史的准确性很重要,但娱乐也很重要。此处做主语,位于形容词historical之后,应使用名词,意为“历史的准确性”。故填accuracy。
140.考查介词。句意:博物馆必须和其他娱乐活动竞争人们的业余时间和金钱。此处是固定短语:compete for,意为: “为了……竞争”。故填for。
(2020·海南)
These days, it is not unusual for 10-to 12-year-olds to publish their own websites or for second and third graders____141____(begin)computer classes. At the same time, computer games are becoming increasingly popular as major publishing houses continue to develop____142____(education)computer programs for children in preschool. Also, technological know-how has become a____143____(require)for most jobs in an increasingly digital world, as the computer has become a common tool in most____144____(profession)
The Digital World is a set of volumes____145____aim to describe how digital systems influence society and help readers understand the nature of digital systems and their many interacting parts. Each volume in the set explores____146____wide range of material, explains the basic concepts of major applications of digital systems, ____147____discusses the influences they have on everyday life. Because the number of possible topics____148____(be)practically limitless, we focus on a sample of the most interesting and useful applications and tools and explain the basic principles of technology. Readers____149____(encourage)to continue exploring the digital world with the guidance of_____150_____(we)Further Resources section featured in each volume.
【答案】
141.to begin 142.educational 143.requirement 144.professions 145.that/which 146.a 147.and 148.is 149.are encouraged 150.our
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了《数字世界》丛书的出版的背景和目的等方面信息。
141.考查非谓语动词。句意:如今,10到12岁的孩子发布自己的网站,二年级和三年级学生开始上计算机课,这些都很常见。本题考查“It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth.”结构,该结构it作形式主语,真正的主语为不定式。故填to begin。
142.考查形容词。句意:与此同时,电脑游戏越来越受欢迎,主要出版社继续为学前儿童开发教育电脑程序。修饰名词computer programs,前用形容词形式。故填educational。
143.考查名词。句意:此外,在日益数字化的世界中,技术知识已成为大多数工作的必备条件,因为计算机已成为大多数职业的通用工具。动词become后接名词作宾语,根据前面的不定冠词a可知,用名词的单数形式。故填requirement。
144.考查名词的数。句意:此外,在日益数字化的世界中,技术知识已成为大多数工作的必备条件,因为计算机已成为大多数职业的通用工具。名词profession为可数名词,根据前面的most修饰可知用复数形式。故填professions。
145.考查定语从句。句意:《数字世界》是一套旨在描述数字系统如何影响社会并帮助读者理解数字系统的本质及其众多交互部分的丛书。句中先行词为volumes,在定语从句中作主语,所以用关系代词which或that引导。故填that/which。
146.考查冠词。句意:系列中的每卷探索了广泛的材料,解释数字系统的主要应用的基本概念,并讨论了他们对日常生活的影响。a range of 一套;一系列。wide是以辅音音素发音开头,所以用不定冠词a。故填a。
147.考查连词。句意:系列中的每卷探索了广泛的材料,解释数字系统的主要应用的基本概念,并讨论了他们对日常生活的影响。前后句为并列关系,所以用连词and。故填and。
148.考查主谓一致。句意:因为可能的主题的数量几乎是无限的,所以我们关注最有趣和最有用的应用程序和工具的一个示例,并解释技术的基本原理。the number of ……的数目,后接可数名词的复数形式,谓语动词用单数。根据文章中的时态可知,用一般现在时。故填is。
149.考查语态。句意:我们鼓励读者继续探索数字世界,并在每一卷的参考资料部分提供指导。主语Readers与encourage之间为被动关系,所以用被动语态。根据文章中的时态可知,用一般现在时。故填are encouraged。
150.考查代词。句意:我们鼓励读者继续探索数字世界,并在每一卷的参考资料部分提供指导。修饰名词Further Resources section,前用形容词性物主代词。故填our。
(2020·全国)
China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器) - the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess ___151___ (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin. Landing on the moon’s far side is ___152___ (extreme) challenging. Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot ___153___ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. The far side of the moon is of particular ___154___ (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山), more so ___155___ the familiar near side. Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4 ___156___ (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin. "This really excites scientists," Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, "because it ___157___ (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon ___158___ (construct)" Data about the moon’s composition, such as how ___159___ ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether ____160____ (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.
【答案】
151.touched 152.extremely 153.where 154.interest 155.than 156.to find 157.means 158.is constructed 159.much 160.its
【分析】这是一篇说明文。中国成为第一个将航天器降落在月球背面的国家,文章主要介绍了中国无人月球探测器嫦娥四号发射的意义。
151..考查时态。句意:无人月球探测器嫦娥四号——名字的灵感来源于古代的中国月亮女神——上周在南极艾特肯盆地着陆。此处是句子的谓语,根据时间状语last week可知应使用一般过去时,故填touched。
152.考查副词。句意:登录月球的背面是极其有挑战性的。空处修饰形容词challenging,应使用extreme的副词形式,故填extremely。
153.考查定语从句。句意:中国首先必须把一颗人造卫星送入月球轨道上的一个点,人造卫星可以在这个点向航天器和地球发射信号。分析句子可知,空处引导一个定语从句,先行词是a spot,关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语,应用where引导。故填where。
154.考查名词。句意:月球背面让科学家尤其感兴趣。根据空前的形容词particular可知,空处应填名词,interest是不可数名词,be of interest to sb.意为“(某物)使某人感兴趣”。故填interest。
155.考查介词。句意:因为它比熟悉的一面有更多的深环形山。根据空前的比较级more so可知,此处填介词than,表示“比……更”。故填than。
156.考查非谓语动词。句意:中国的研究者希望使用嫦娥四号上的设备来发现和研究南极艾特肯盆地。此处表示目的,应使用不定式作目的状语。故填to find。
157.考查时态和主谓一致。句意:“这真的使科学家们激动,”布朗大学的一位科学家Carle Pieters说:“因为它意味着我们有机会获得月球是如何构造的信息。”根据上文“This really excites scientists”可知,此处也使用一般现在时,主语是it,所以空处谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式means,故填means。
158.考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意同上。分析句子可知,此处是宾语从句谓语动词,谓语construct与主语the moon之间是被动关系,应使用被动语态,再由上下文可知此处应使用一般现在时,主语the moon是单数,故填is constructed。
159.考查形容词。句意:关于月亮构成的数据,比如它含有多少水和其他财富,可以帮助中国决定它未来月球基地的计划是否实用。ice是不可数名词,应使用much修饰,故填much。
160.考查代词。句意同上。根据空后的名词plans可知,此处应使用形容词性物主代词its,故填its。
(2020·全国)
Decorating with Plants, Fruits and Flowers for Chinese New Year
Chinese New Year is a ___161___ (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring. This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers ___162___ (carry) special significance. They represent the earth ___163___ (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.
These are some of the most popular in many parts of the country:
Oranges: Orange trees are more ___164___ decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth. They make great gifts and you see them many times ___165___ (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.
Bamboo: Chinese love their “Lucky Bamboo” plants and you will see them often in their homes and office. ___166___ (certain) during the holiday period, this plant is a must. Bamboo plants are associated ___167___ health, abundance and a happy home. They are easy ___168___ (care) for and make great presents.
Branches of Plum Blossoms (梅花): The ___169___ (beauty) long branches covered with pink-colored buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations. The plum trees are _____170_____ first to flower even as the snow is melting(融化). They represent the promise of spring and a renewal of life.
【答案】
161.celebration 162.carries 163.coming 164.than 165.decorated 166.Certainly 167.with 168.to care 169.beautiful 170.the
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了用一些植物、水果和鲜花装饰中国新年的寓意。
161.考查名词。句意:中国新年是一个庆祝冬天的结束和春天的开始。不定冠词a后接名词形式。故填celebration。
162.考查主谓一致。句意:这就是为什么用植物、水果和鲜花装饰具有特殊意义的原因。这是一个表语从句,从句主语为动名词短语decorating with plants, fruits and flowers,所以谓语动词用单数形式。故填carries。
163.考查非谓语动词。句意:它们代表着大地的复苏和对新开端的美好祝愿。句中谓语动词为represent,所以这里为非谓语动词。名词earth与come back to之间为主动关系,所以用现在分词作后置定语。故填coming。
164.考查短语。句意:桔子树不仅仅是装饰品;more than不仅仅,不只是。故填than。
165.考查非谓语动词。句意:它们是很好的礼物,你会经常看到它们装饰着红包和好运的信息。句中them指代前句中的orange trees,与decorate之间为被动关系,所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填decorated。
166.考查副词。句意:当然在假期期间,这种植物是绝对必要的事物。介词短语做时间状语,因此只有改变成副词才能复合句子结构,用副词形式做状语。故填Certainly。
167.考查短语。句意:竹类植物与健康、富足和幸福的家庭联系在一起。be associated with与……相联系。故填with。
168.考查非谓语动词。句意:它们很容易照顾,也很适合作为礼物。这里考查“be +形容词 + to do”结构。故填to care。
169.考查形容词。句意:美丽的长枝上覆盖着粉红色的花蕾,做成漂亮的装饰。修饰名词branches,用形容词形式。故填beautiful。
170.考查冠词。句意:雪还在融化时,梅花是第一个开花的。这里表示特指,所以序数词first前要加定冠词the。故填the。
(2020·全国)
In ancient China lived an artist___171___ paintings were almost lifelike. The artist’s reputation had made him proud. One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait (画像) done so he called all great artists to come and present their ___172___ (fine) work, so that he could choose the best. The artist was sure he would___173___(choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old nan laughed. The wise old man told him to travel to the Li River~perhaps he could learn a little from the greatest artist in the world.
Filled with ___174___ (curious), the artist packed his bags and left. ___175___ he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and ___176___ (point) down the river. The next morning he hired a boat and set out ___177___ (find) the well-known painter. As the small boat moved, ___178___ (gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water. He passed milky white waterfalls and mountains in many shades of blue. And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds___179___ (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears. The artist was finally humbled (谦卑) by the greatest artist ____180____ earth, Mother Nature.
【答案】171.whose 172.finest 173.be chosen 174.curiosity 175.When/As 176.pointed 177.to find 178.gently 179.surrounding 180.On
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。主要记叙了一位画家画画栩栩如生,有一天他将画送给宰相时,这位睿智的老人告诉他去漓江旅行——也许他可以从世界上最伟大的艺术家那里学到一些东西。画家最后发现这位世界上最伟大的艺术家就是大自然母亲。
171.考查定语从句。句意:中国古代有一位画家,他的画几乎栩栩如生。此处为定语从句修饰先行词artist,且先行词在从句中作定语,故应用关系代词whose。故填whose。
172.考查形容词最高级。句意:一天,皇帝想让人给他画一幅肖像,于是他把所有伟大的画家都请来,展示他们最好的作品,以便他挑选最好的。结合句意,皇帝想要画家最好的作品,表示“最好的”此处应用形容词最高级finest。故填finest。
173.考查动词语态。句意:画家确信他会被选中,但是当他把他的杰作送给皇帝的宰相时,这位老人笑了。本句中主语he与谓语动词choose构成被动关系,且would后跟动词原形。故填be chosen。
174..考查名词。句意:怀着好奇心,艺术家收拾行囊离开了。with为介词,后跟名词curiosity作宾语,表示“好奇心”。故填curiosity。
175.考查连接词。句意:当他问河岸上的村民,他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时,他们笑着指着河的下游。本句为时间状语从句,表示“当……时候”,且从句中动词asked为短暂性动作动词,不能用while引导,故应用when或as引导。句首单词首字母要大写。故填When/As。
176.考查动词时态。句意:当他问河岸上的村民,他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时,他们笑着指着河的下游。根据上文they smiled and可知此处应用一般过去时。故填pointed。
177.考查非谓语动词。句意:第二天早上,他租了一条船,出发去找这位著名的画家。结合句意表示“出发去做某事”短语为set out to do sth.,后跟不定式做目的状语。故填to find。
178.考查副词。句意:当小船缓缓地沿着江面移动时,山在水中的倒影使他说不出话来。此处修饰动词moved应用副词gently作状语,表示“缓缓地”。故填gently。
179.考查非谓语动词。句意:当他看到雾气从河上升起,山顶上乌云环绕,他不禁流下了眼泪。分析句子结构可知,the soft clouds 69 (surround) the mountain tops是独立主格结构做状语,surround在句中应用非谓语动词形式,与逻辑主语clouds构成主动关系,故应用现在分词。故填surrounding。
180.考查介词。句意:这位艺术家最终被世界上最伟大的艺术家——大自然母亲所折服。结合句意表示“在世界上”短语为on earth。故填on。
(2020·北京)
Oliver is a host of a TV programme on food. He says food___181___(play) a big role in his life. "My mum was a great cook, and she'd sometimes let me have a try," he said. The first dish Oliver prepared for his family was fried chicken wings. He made it with his mum's help. Oliver says if you're___182___(luck) enough to have someone close to you who enjoys cooking, ask them___183___you can join in when it's possible.
【答案】181.plays/has played/is playing/has been playing 182.lucky 183.if/whether
【分析】本文是记叙文,主要介绍了美食节目主持人奥利弗。
181.考查时态。句意:他说食物在他的生命中扮演着重要角色。此处表示现在的状态,也可以表示从过去一直到现在延续的状态,所以可以用现在时,现在进行时,现在完成时和现在完成进行时。故填plays/has played/is playing/has been playing。
182.考查形容词。句意:奥利弗说,如果你足够幸运,身边有一个喜欢烹饪的人。空前有be动词,所以空处填形容词做表语。故填lucky。
183.考查连词。句意:问他们你是否有可能加入他们。____ you can join in when it's possible.是宾语从句,从句成分完整,但缺“是否”的意思,故填if/whether。
(2020·北京)
Single-use plastic bags are used at most a few times before they___184___(throw) away. It takes them hundreds of years___185___(break) down. Many of these bags end up in the ocean where larger ones can trap sea creatures, such as turtles and dolphins. Over time, the bags fall apart___186___countless tiny pieces, and fish can accidentally eat some of them. Now, lots of___187___(country) and regions are taking action to ban the sale of such bags to stop people using them.
【答案】184.are thrown 185.to break 186.into/to 187.countries
【分析】这是一篇说明文,介绍了一次性塑料袋的危害,应禁止使用。
184.考查时态语态。句意:一次性塑料袋在扔掉之前最多使用几次。本文讲的是客观事实,应该用一般现在时,主语they(Single-use plastic bags )和谓语动词throw之间是被动关系,应用一般现在时的被动语态,且谓语动词用复数形式。故填are thrown。
185.考查动词不定式。句意:它们用几百年的时间才分解。固定句型It takes sb./sth. +一段时间+ to do sth.(花某人/物多长时间干某事),此处用动词不定式(to do )作真正主语,It形式主语。故填to break。
186.考查介词。句意:随着时间的推移,这些袋子分解成成无数的小碎片,鱼可能会不小心吃掉其中一些。固定搭配fall apart into/to...(分崩离析成……),介词into/to可表“进入……之中/变成……”。故填into/to。
187.考查名词的数。句意:现在,许多国家和地区正在采取行动禁止销售这种袋子,以阻止人们使用。lots of修饰可数名词复数,故填countries。
(2020·北京)
A piece of stone___188___(find) on a Dutch beach suggests that our extinct human relatives, known as Neanderthals, were cleverer than previously thought. The Neanderthals___189___(live)alongside human ancestors in Europe for tens of thousands of years, before dying out about 40, 000 years ago. They were much stronger than modern humans, but it's long been assumed that human ancestors were____190____(smart)than the Neanderthals. However, the stone tool made by Neanderthals suggests otherwise.
【答案】188.found 189.lived/had lived/had been living 190.smarter
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了在荷兰海滩上发现的一块石头表明已经灭绝的人类亲戚尼安德特人比我们之前认为的更聪明。
188.考查非谓语动词。句意:在荷兰海滩上发现的一块石头表明,我们已经灭绝的人类亲戚尼安德特人比我们之前认为的更聪明。句子的谓语为suggests,设空处在句中作非谓语和逻辑主语之间是逻辑的被动关系。故答案为found。
189.考查动词的时态和语态。句意:尼安德特人与人类祖先一起在欧洲生活了数万年,直到大约4万年前灭绝。设空处在句中作谓语,结合句意,此处是指在灭绝之前一直生活了数万年。设空处的动作发生在灭绝之前,结合时间状语for tens of thousands of years。故应用过去完成时态或者过去完成进行时态;又因动作发生在过去,强调过去发生的动作,也可用一般过去时。故答案为lived/had lived/had been living。
190.考查形容词的比较级。句意:但长期以来,人们一直认为人类祖先比尼安德特人更聪明。设空处前为were设空处应用形容词,设空处后的than表示比较,应用比较级。故答案为smarter。
(2020·浙江)
Something significant is happening to the world population-it is aging. The median(中位数的)age of an American in 1950___191___(be)30-today it is 41 and is expected___192___(increase)to 42 by 2050. For Japan, the___193___(number)are more striking-22 in 1950, 46 today and 53 in 2050. In 2015, one in 12 people around the world were over 65;by 2050, it will be one in six.
This aging of the population is driven___194___two factors. The first is declining birthrates, which means old generations are large___195___(compare)to younger generations, and so, on average, the population becomes___196___(old)than before. This is___197___(particular)true in the US. The second reason is that people are living longer. A child born in the US today has___198___very realistic chance of living beyond 100 and needs to plan accordingly.
People tend to focus on the first factor. However, greater attention should___199___(place)on longevity(长寿). It isn't just that people are, on average, living longer. It's also that they are on average healthier___200___more productive for longer. Therefore, they can work for longer, consume more and in general be a boost to the economy.
【答案】191.was 192.to increase 193.numbers 194.by 195.compared 196.older 197.particularly 198.a 199.be placed 200.and
【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了世界人口正面临老龄化问题,并分析了其产生的两个原因。
191.考查动词时态。句意:1950年美国人的中年年龄是30岁,今天是41岁,预计到2050年将增加到42岁。结合上文in 1950可知应用一般过去时,且主语为The median age of an American,故谓语动词应用第三人称单数。故填was。
192.考查非谓语动词。句意同上。根据短语be expected to do sth.“被期望做某事”后跟不定式,故填to increase。
193.考查名词的数。句意:对日本来说,这个数字更加惊人——1950年是22岁,今天是46岁,2050年是53岁。number为可数名词表示“数字”,且根据下文are可知主语应用复数形式,故填numbers。
194.考查介词。句意:人口老龄化是由两个因素造成的。表示“由;被”应用介词by。故填by。
195.考查动词时态语态。句意:首先是出生率的下降,这意味着老一代比年轻一代人口多,因此,平均而言,人口比以前老龄化。短语be compared to“与……相比;与某事相提并论”,故填compared。
196.考查形容词比较级。句意同上。根据下文than before可知应用形容词比较级,故填older。
197.考查副词。句意:在美国尤其如此。此处修饰形容词true应用副词,故填particularly。
198.考查冠词。句意:今天在美国出生的孩子有非常现实的机会活到100岁以上,因此需要做出相应的计划。chance为可数名词,此处表示泛指应用不定冠词,且very为辅音音素开头的单词,故填a。
199.考查动词时态语态。句意:然而,更多的关注应放在寿命上。本句中主语与谓语动词构成被动关系,且should后跟动词原形,故填be placed。
200.考查连词。句意:而且,平均而言,他们更健康,更长寿。结合上下文语境可知此处连接上下文两个并列短语应用连词and,故填and。
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