人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第二册Unit 4 Journey Across a Vast Land教案设计

Unit 4 Journey Across a Vast Land

  Period3 Discovering useful structures  教学设计

过去分词作表语和状语

  This unit focuses on past participle forms as predicatives and adverbials.When the past participle is used as a predicative, there is usually a passive relationship between the past participle and its logical subject.When the past participle is used as an adverbial, it usually expresses the time, reason and accompanying state in the sentence.The past participle has a passive relationship with its logical subject and often contains a perfect sense.

1. Guide the students to think about the different meanings and functions of past participle forms as predicatives and adverbials.
2. Let the students practice and further consolidate the use of past participle form as adverbial.
3. Cultivate students’ thinking ability and enhance their creativity of using this grammar.

Let the students practice and further consolidate the use of past participle form as adverbial.

Step1:  Try to find out all the sentences in this unit containing –ed forms used as the predicative or adverbial and then sum up their common rules.

1．The next day was clear and mild ，and they were pleased to see the beautiful mountains looking out over the city.

2．Seen from the train window, the mountains and forests of Canada looked massive.

＝When they were seen from the train window, the mountains and forests of Canada looked massive.

3．The girls were amazed to see such an open country.

4．Do you feel frightened when going into the wilderness alone?

5．Seen from the top of the mountain，the scenery was really fascinating.

＝When it was seen from the top of the mountain，the scenery was really fascinating.

6．Finally ，the company—headed by its new manager—started to make a profit.

＝Finally ，the company was headed by its new manager and it started to make a profit.

7．When asked what the trip meant to him，the man said it was “an experience of a lifetime”．

＝ Asked what the trip meant to him，the man said it was “an experience of a lifetime”．

总结规律：

1．句1、3、4中的过去分词在句中作表语。

2．句2、5、6、7中的过去分词在句中作状语。

3．由句2、5可知，过去分词作时间、条件、方式、比较或让步状语时，可用状语从句改写。

4．由句6可看出，过去分词作伴随或方式状语时，可用并列句改写。

5．由句7可知表示时间、条件、方式、比较或让步的状语，可用“从属连词＋过去分词”结构。

Step2: The teacher instructs Ss to review the basic knowledge about the past participle used as the predicatives and adverbials.

一、过去分词作表语

1．过去分词作表语的用法

过去分词作表语时，总是在连系动词，如be、appear、seem、look、remain、feel、get等之后，构成系表结构，表示主语所处的状态或感受，主语多为人。分词所表示的动作与句子的主语之间构成动宾关系。

We got a little sunburned/sunburnt , but the day had been so relaxing that we didn't mind.

我们晒伤了一点，但这一天过得很轻松，所以我们都不介意。

I was disappointed at the film I saw last night.我对昨晚看的电影感到失望。

When I entered his room, he was buried in his books.当我进入他的房间时，他正在埋头读书。

The city is surrounded on three sides by mountains.这座城市三面环山。

She looked disappointed at the bad news.听到这个坏消息她看上去很失望。

In April, thousands of holidaymakers remained stuck abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.

由于火山灰的原因，4月份仍有成千上万的度假者滞留在国外。

2．过去分词作表语时与被动语态的区别

过去分词作表语表示主语的状态，而被动语态则表示一个被动的动作。

This lake is badly polluted.这个湖受到了严重污染。(系表结构，表示状态)

This lake is badly polluted by a paper mill.这个湖被一家造纸厂严重污染了。(被动结构，表示动作)

This book is well written.这本书写得很好。(系表结构，表示状态)

This book was written by Lu Xun.这本书是鲁迅写的。(被动结构，表示动作)

While waiting for the opportunity to get promoted，Henry did his best to perform his duty.

当等待机会被提升的时候，亨利尽力履行好他的职责。

We are all interested in what has been performed.我们对表演的节目很感兴趣。

The cup was broken by Jim.杯子是吉姆打破的。

3．感觉类及物动词的现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别

英语中有很多与感觉有关的及物动词，其现在分词表示主动意义，即“令人有某种感觉的”，多用来修饰物；其过去分词含有被动意义，即“人被引起某种感觉的”，多用来指人、人的声音或表情等。常用的这类词有：

exciting 令人激动的

excited 激动的;兴奋的

astonishing令人惊讶的

astonished 惊讶的

surprising令人吃惊的

surprised感到吃惊的

discouraged感到沮丧的

discouraging 令人沮丧的

disappointing令人失望的

disappointed感到失望的

delighted高兴的

delighting令人高兴的

frightened 吓坏了的...

frightening令人害怕的

encouraging令人鼓舞的

encouraged受到鼓舞的 

pleased满意的

pleasing 令人高兴的

shocking令人震惊的

shocked感到震惊的

tiring令人疲劳的

tired感到疲劳的

worried感到担心的

worrying令人担心的

puzzling令人迷惑的

puzzled感到迷惑的

satisfied感到满意的

satisfying令人满意的

satisfying令人满意的

interesting令人感兴趣的

interested 感兴趣的

moving感人的

moved受感动的

We were surprised at what he said at the meeting.我们对他在会上讲的话很是惊讶。

His words were discouraging, which made many people discouraged.

他的话令人泄气，使得很多人灰心丧气。

The frightened look on her face suggested that she was frightened by the frightening scene.

她脸上惊恐的表情表明她被可怕的场景吓坏了。

The news was exciting and they were all excited at it.这消息令人兴奋，他们都很兴奋。

We all felt encouraged at the encouraging news.听到这令人鼓舞的消息，我们都感到鼓舞。

The audience were all moved to tears by the moving film.观众都被那部感人的电影感动得流下了眼泪。

二、过去分词(短语)作状语

1．过去分词(短语)表示被动，表示动作已经完成，其逻辑主语则为句子的主语。过去分词作状语时，可单独使用，也可以在其前面加上适当的连词，可表示时间、条件、原因、让步、方式、伴随等。

When offered help, one often says “Thank you” or “It's kind of you”．(时间状语)

当被提供帮助的时候，人们常说“Thank you”或“It's kind of you”。

Given another chance, I will do it much better.(条件状语)

如果再给我一次机会，我会干得更好。

Greatly inspired by what he did, I joined him in helping others.(原因状语)

由于受到他所做的事情的鼓励，我也加入了帮助他人的行列。

Visited many times, the place is still worth visiting again.(让步状语)

虽然已参观了几次，这个地方仍值得再来。

He has been preparing his paper all day long, locked in his study.(方式状语)

锁在书房里，他一整天都在准备论文。

The guest walked into the room, greeted by his owner.(伴随状语)

客人一边和主人打招呼，一边走进了房间。

2．过去分词(短语)作状语时在句中的位置

过去分词(短语)在句中作状语时，可放在主句前作句首状语，后面用逗号与主句隔开；当放在主句的后面时，前面用逗号与主句隔开。

Done in a hurry, his homework was full of mistakes.

因为做得匆忙，他的作业满是错。

He stood there silently, moved to tears.＝Moved to tears, he stood there silently.

他静静地站在那里，被感动地热泪盈眶。

Defeated again，the scientist didn't give up.尽管再次被打败了，但这位科学家并没有放弃。

Seen from the air，the Great Wall looks like a giant dragon.从空中看，长城像一条巨龙。

Children, when accompanied by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium.

当孩子们由父母陪同时，他们才被允许进入这个运动场。

3．过去分词(短语)作状语时的几种特殊情况

(1)过去分词(短语)在句中作时间、条件、原因、让步状语时，相当于对应的时间、条件、原因及让步状语从句。

Seen from the top of the mountain (＝When it is seen from the top of the mountain), the whole town looks more beautiful.从山顶上看，整个城市看起来更美了。

Given ten more minutes (＝If we are given ten more minutes), we will finish the work perfectly.

如果多给十分钟，我们会完美地完成这项工作。

Greatly touched by his words (＝Because she was greatly touched by his words), she was full of tears.由于被他的话深深地感动，她满眼泪花。

Warned of the storm (＝Though they were warned of the storm), the farmers were still working on the farm.尽管被警告了风暴的到来，但农民们仍在农场干活。

(2)过去分词(短语)在句中作伴随、方式等状语时，可改为句子的并列谓语或改为并列分句。

The teacher came into the room, followed by two students (＝and was followed by two students)．

后面跟着两个学生，老师走进了房间。

He spent the whole afternoon, accompanied by his mom(＝and was accompanied by his mom)．

他由母亲陪着度过了一整个下午。

(3)过去分词(短语)作状语时，可和与之对应的状语从句互换。而从句连词改成过去分词作状语时有时还可保留连词，构成“连词＋过去分词”结构作状语。

Even if I am invited (＝Even if invited), I will not take part in the party.

即使被邀请，我也不会参加那个宴会。

Unless you are asked to speak (Unless asked to speak), you should remain silent at the meeting.

除非被要求说话，在会上你应该保持沉默。

If it is merely drawn on your imagination (＝If merely drawn on your imagination), the report will not be convincing.假如仅靠你的想象去写，报告是不会有说服力的。

(4)过去分词(短语)的独立结构。过去分词(短语)作状语时，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语，否则，过去分词(短语)前应加上自己的主语，这种带有自身主语的过去分词(短语)被称为过去分词(短语)的独立结构，过去分词(短语)的独立结构通常在句中作状语，可表示时间、原因、条件等。

Asked who had broken the vase，the children all kept silent.

当问到是谁打破了花瓶时，孩子们都保持沉默。

United，we will make our life better.团结起来，我们的生活就会更美好。

Encouraged by the progress made by him, he works harder.

受他取得的进步的鼓舞，他工作更努力了。

Exhausted by the hard work，we went on with it.由于工作太累，我们继续干下去。

The project finished (＝After the project was finished)，they had a two weeks' leave.

完成那项工程后，他们休了两周假。

The work done (＝Because the work was done), they went out to have a rest.

工作已完成，他们出去休息了。