人教版 (2019)必修 第二册Unit 5 Music教案设计

Section Ⅲ　Grammar——过去分词作表语和状语

一、过去分词作表语

1．意义

位于系动词(如be，get，become，look，feel，seem等)之后，多表示主语的状态或状况，它所体现的是形容词的特性。

She looked disappointed.

她看上去很失望。

We were encouraged at the news.

听到这个消息我们很受鼓舞。

2．过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别

过去分词作表语时，强调主语所处的状态，而动词的被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，强调动作。

The cup is broken.

杯子破了。(系表结构)

The cup was broken by Tom.

杯子是被汤姆打破的。(被动语态)

3．现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别

They became so worried that they stayed awake all night.

他们变得如此担心，以致一整晚都没有睡觉。

The situation became so worrying that something should be done at once.

形势变得令人担忧，应该立刻采取措施。

[即时训练1]　单句语法填空

①I was too____ (tire) to walk any further.

②When he heard the _____ story，he was deeply _____．(move)

③Tom was more _____ (surprise) than ________(disappoint) at this news.

二、过去分词作状语

1．过去分词作状语，表示被动或完成的动作

可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。

(1)作时间状语

过去分词作时间状语时，相当于一个when，while，after，once等引导的时间状语从句。

Once published(＝Once it is published)，the dictionary will be very popular.

一旦出版，这本词典将大受欢迎。

(2)作原因状语

过去分词作原因状语时，相当于一个as，since，because等引导的原因状语从句。

Absorbed in painting(＝Because John was absorbed in painting)，John didn't notice evening approaching.

由于专心画画，约翰没有注意到夜幕正在降临。

(3)作条件状语

过去分词作条件状语时，相当于一个if，unless等引导的条件状语从句。

Given another hour(＝If I am given another hour)，I can also work out this problem.

如果再给我一个小时，我也能把这道题算出来。

(4)作让步状语

过去分词作让步状语时，相当于一个though，although，even if/though等引导的让步状语从句。

Beaten by the opposite team(＝Though we were beaten by the opposite team)，we didn't lose heart and encouraged each other.

虽然被对方的队打败了，但我们并没有灰心而是相互鼓励。

(5)作方式或伴随状语

过去分词作方式或伴随状语时，可以转换成一个并列句。

The old man got on the bus，supported by a girl(＝and he was supported by a girl)．

在一位姑娘的搀扶下，老人上了公共汽车。

[名师点津]　

过去分词作状语的注意事项

①过去分词作状语时，其前面可以带有相应的连词，如when，though，although，as if，as though，if，unless，until，once等，表时间、让步、条件、方式等。

If (I am) invited，I will attend the wedding of my friend.

如果受到邀请，我会参加我朋友的婚礼。

②过去分词(短语)作状语时，分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语要一致。

Caught，the thief will be punished by the police.(caught的逻辑主语为the thief)

小偷如果被抓，就会受到警方的处罚。

③有些过去分词已形容词化，作状语时表示人的状态。

常见的有：satisfied，surprised，interested，moved，worried，pleased，disappointed等。

Disappointed at the examination results，the girl stood there without saying a word.

因为对考试结果很失望，小女孩站在那儿一句话也没说。

[即时训练2]　用过去分词短语改写下列句子

①Although we were exhausted by the climb，we continued our journey.

→_____________，we continued our journey.

②She was dressed in white and suddenly appeared.

→________，she suddenly appeared.

③Aunt Wu came in and she was followed by her daughter.

→Aunt Wu came in，__________________．

2．过去分词与现在分词作状语的区别

过去分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，即表被动；现在分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，即表主动。

Asked why he was late，he cried.

问他为什么迟到时，他哭了。

Looking out of the window，I saw some students playing there.

朝窗外望去，我看见几个学生在那边玩耍。

[即时训练3]　选词填空

①A.Followed　B．Following

        the old man，we went upstairs.

         by the old man，we went upstairs.

②A.Used　B．Using

        for a long time，the book looks old.

         the book，I find it useful.

③A.Seeing　B．Seen

         from the top，the stadium looks like a bird nest.

         from the space，the astronaut can not discover the Great Wall.

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．Both he and I are _____(satisfy) with the result.

2．She accepted the gift，deeply ____(move)．

3．We went to the cinema，_____(fill) with excitement.

4．Once _____(pour)，water cannot be taken back.

5．_____(see) those pictures，he couldn't help thinking of those days in his hometown.

6．The news was ______ and they were all ______ at it.(excite)

7．We all felt ______ at the _______ news.(encourage)

8．Generally speaking，when _____ (take) according to the directions，the drug has no side effect.

9．When _____ (ask) about the secret of his success，the famous athlete said that he owes much of his success and happiness to his wife and children.

10．Clearly and thoughtfully _____ (write)，the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers.

Ⅱ.用过去分词短语完成句子

1．这个学校成立于二十世纪初，一直鼓励孩子热爱艺术。

_________，the school keeps on inspiring children's love of art.

2．由于受到所取得的成绩的鼓励，他工作更努力了。

________________ he has made，he works harder.

3．尽管被警告过有暴风雨，农民们仍然在田地里劳作。

Though _______________，the farmers were still working in the fields.

4．被老师批评了，他感到很沮丧。

______the teacher，he felt very depressed.

5．因为沉溺于思考之中，所以他没听到那个声音。

_______-，he didn't hear the sound.