【备战2023高考】英语全复习——第10讲《特殊句式和情景交际》测试（全国通用）

第10讲 特殊句式和情景交际 （测）

时间 ：45分钟  满分：50分

姓名__________    得分________

一、单项选择(每题1分，共20分)

1．（2021·山东·高考真题）—John, I'll have a job interview tomorrow. I' m so nervous.

—________. You are always the best.

A．Good idea B．Take it easy C．This way, please D．With pleasure

【答案】B

【解析】考查情景交际。句意：——约翰，我明天要去面试，我太紧张了。——放松点，你总是最棒的。A.Good idea好主意；B.Take it easy放松点；C.This way, please请走这边；D.With pleasure乐意效劳。根据语境，说话者提到自己要去面试，听话人对其表示安慰，所以告诉他不要紧张，放松点。选项B符合题意，故选B。

2．（2021·山东·高考真题）—Good morning, madam. What can I do for you?

—________.

A．I'm glad to help you B．I'll be free then

C．I'm looking for a dress D．It's my pleasure

【答案】C

【解析】考查交际用语。句意：——早上好,夫人。我能为您做些什么?——我想买条裙子。A. I'm glad to help you我很高兴帮助你；B. I'll be free then我那时有空；C. I'm looking for a dress我想买条裙子；D. It's my pleasure这是我的荣幸。根据“Good morning, madam. What can I do for you?”可知，这是商店售货员的习惯用语。故选C。

3．（2021·山东·高考真题）________was on the Mid-Autumn Day ________Lin Mei gave her mother a new handbag.

A．That; that B．It; that C．That; which D．It; which

【答案】B

【解析】考查强调句型。句意：在中秋节这天，林梅送给她妈妈一个新的手提包。分析句子成分可知，此处考查强调句型“it is /was +被强调的部分+that+其余部分”，本句中强调的是时间状语“ on the Mid-Autumn Day”，所以第一空应填It，第二个空应填that。故选B。

4．（2012·重庆·高考真题）It was 80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic ________Zheng sailed to East Africa

A．when B．that C．after D．since

【答案】B

【解析】考查强调句。句意：郑和到达东非的时间比哥伦布横渡大西洋早了80年。分析可知，句子去掉It was和that，句意仍然完整，所以句子为强调句，其结构为It is/was…that/who…，被强调部分为时间状语80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic。故选B项。

5．（2017·全国·高考真题）When_______， the museum will be open to the public next month．

A．to complete B．completes

C．completing D．completed

【答案】D

【解析】考查状语从句的省略。句意：博物馆建成后将于下月对公众开放。分析句子可知，本句使用了when引导的时间状语从句，当从句主语和主句主语相同，且含有be动词时，从句主语连同be动词可以一起被省略，这里省略了主语the museum和be动词is，原句为：When the museum is completed。故选D。

6．（2012·江西·高考真题）Never before ____________ seen anybody who can play tennis as well as Robert.

A．had she B．she had

C．has she D．she has

【答案】C

【解析】考查倒装。句意：在那以前，她从来没有看到一个人可能和Robert一样打乒乓球打得那么好。否定词never放在句首，主句要部分倒装，B、D排除，又因为是过去的情况对现在造成的影响，所以为现在完成时，是第三人称所以用has，所以用现在完成时，排除A，故选C。

7．（2021·山东·高考真题）—Bob, let's go to the training center to learn how to repair machines.

—________. That will help us greatly.

A．Good idea B．That's all C．Nothing serious D．Excuse me

【答案】A

【解析】考查情景交际。句意：——鲍勃，我们去培训中心学习如何修理机器吧。——好主意。这对我们大有帮助。A.Good idea好主意；B.That's all就这些了；C.Nothing serious没什么要紧的；D.Excuse me打扰了。结合语境，说话人提出了建议，听话人认为这个建议很有帮助，所以是赞同这个建议的。选项A符合题意，故选A。

8．（2011·全国·高考真题）Only when he reached the tea-house _________ it was the same place he’d been in last year.

A．he realized B．he did realize

C．realized he D．did he realize

【答案】D

【解析】考查部分倒装。句意：当他走到茶馆时，才意识到这正是他去年去过的地方。only位于句首，修饰状语从句时，主句应用部分倒装，即是把助动词/情态动词/be动词置于主语前。故选D。

Only引导的状语从句位于句首，应把主句中动词的助动词提前构成部分倒装。

9．（2014·福建·高考真题）The climate here is quite pleasant, the temperature rarely, ________, reaching 30℃ in summer.

A．if not B．if ever C．if any D．if so

【答案】B

【解析】考查短语词义辨析。句意：这里的气候非常好，夏天的温度很少达到30度。if not 要不；if ever如果曾经有，很少；if any如果真有的话；if so假如这样的话。这里意思是“夏天的温度很少达到30度”。故选B。

10．（2018·天津·高考真题）What was it ______ brought you two together? Was it your love of music?

A．as B．who C．that D．which

【答案】C

【解析】考查强调句式。句意：是什么让你们走到一起的?是因为你对音乐的热爱吗?。分析句子可知，本句为强调句式It is/ was + 被强调部分（通常是主语、宾语或状语）+ that/ who（当强调主语且主语指人）+ 其他部分。特殊疑问句的强调句型：疑问代词或疑问副词+ is/ was + it + that/ who + 其他部分。故选C项。

11．（2010·重庆·高考真题）At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River _____, one of the ten largest cities in China.

A．Chongqing lies B．lies Chongqing

C．does lie Chongqing D．does Chongqing lie

【答案】B

【解析】考查完全倒装句。句意：位于长江、嘉陵江交汇处的重庆是中国十大城市之一。英语中把地点副词放在句首，如果谓语动词是不及物动词时，要用全部倒装，即状语+不及物动词+主语。分析选项可知，只有B项是完全倒装。所以选B。

12．（2012·辽宁·高考真题）Not until he retired from teaching three years ago ________ having a holiday abroad.

A．had he considered B．he had considered

C．he considered D．did he consider

【答案】D

【解析】考查not until倒装句的用法。句意：直到三年前他教学退休后他才考虑出国度假。not until引起的时间状语置于句首时，主句应该部分倒装，从句的语序不变。在本题中，时态是一般过去时，he retired …ago 是从句不用倒装，主句的正常语序是he considered having a holiday abroad，改成倒装则是did he consider having a holiday abroad，故选D。

13．（2019·天津·高考真题）The professor warned the students that on no account ________ use mobile phones in his class.

A．should they B．they should

C．dare they D．they dare

【答案】A

【解析】考查部分倒装和情态动词。句意：这位教授警告学生们，在他的课堂上，决不应该使用手机。on no account意为“决不”，否定词放在句首，句子使用部分倒装，排除B、D项；这里表示应该，故选A。

14．（2010·海南·高考真题）We all know that, __________, the situation will get worse.

A．not if dealt carefully with B．if not carefully dealt with

C．if dealt not carefully with D．not if carefully dealt with

【答案】B

【解析】考查省略句。句意:我们都知道，如果不被细心处理，这个情况最更加糟糕的。当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致，且使用be动词的时候，可以把状语从句的主语和be动词一起省略。本题在if后面省略了the situation is，补全后句为We all know that, if the situation is not carefully dealt with, the situation will get worse．故B正确。

15．（2012·陕西·高考真题）Hot _______the night air was, we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.

A．although B．as C．while D．however

【答案】B

【解析】考查状语从句。句意：尽管夜晚的空气很热，我们还是睡得很沉，因为经过长途旅行我们太累了。hot是做从句的表语，提前说明让步状语从句倒装，即as引导的让步状语从句中，要将从句中的表语，状语，或动词原形提到as之前，故选B。

16．（2015·重庆·高考真题）Bach died in 1750, but it was not until the early 19th century____ his musical gift was fully recognized.

A．while B．though C．that D．after

【答案】C

【解析】考查强调句。句意：巴赫死于1750年，但直到19世纪初期他的音乐天赋才被承认。强调句与not until连用，It be not until that …。故选C项。

17．（2018·天津·高考真题）It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house ___________we saw Lily in the passenger seat.

A．which B．that

C．when D．where

【答案】B

【解析】考查强调句。句意：只有当汽车在我们房子前停下来我们才看到在乘客位置的莉莉。这里考查强调句，强调句型结构为：It is/ was + 被强调部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语)+ that/ who(当强调主语且主语指人)+ 其他部分。本题强调时间状语only when the car pulled up in front of our house。故选B。

点睛：本题考查强调句，要求有学生掌握好强调句的常用句型以及相关知识的能力。分析句子时首先要看清楚结构，It is / was…开头而后面跟句子时就要看它是不是强调句了。强调句有一个特点：拿掉It was/is…that…后不影响整个句子的完整性，则是强调句。判断完是不是强调句后再根据强调的部分是人还是物来选择连接词that或者是who。

18．（2021·天津·高考真题）I told you! I really am ranked the lowest. Number 25 out of 25 players.

________ You've got nowhere to go but up.

A．Tell me a bit more.

B．I'm not so sure about that.

C．Look on the bright side!

D．That is absolute nonsense!

【答案】C

【解析】考查交际用语。句意：——我告诉过你！我真的是排名最低的。25名球员中的第25名。——抱乐观态度吧。你会越来越好的。A.Tell me a bit more再多告诉我一些；B.I'm not so sure about that对此我不确定；C.Look on the bright side!抱乐观态度；D.That is absolute nonsense!这完全是胡说八道。根据“You've got nowhere to go but up. ”可知，此处是指抱乐观态度吧。你会越来越好的。故选C项。

19．（2021·天津·高考真题）—I was trying to place an order on your website, but I failed.

________ .I can take your order over the phone.

A．That’s fine B．No way C．My pleasure D．Of course

【答案】A

【解析】考查情景交际。句意：——我想在你们的网站上下订单，但是我失败了。——我可以通过电话帮您点餐。A. That’s fine没关系；B. No way不行，没门；C. My pleasure不客气；D. Of course当然。根据“I can take your order over the phone”可知，此处表示没有关系。故选A。

20．（2021·山东·高考真题）—Could you help me tidy the garden, Tony?

—________, daddy. Susan is waiting for me to go to school.

A．Congratulations B．Sorry, I can't C．Nice to meet you D．Here you are

【答案】B

【解析】考查交际用语。句意：——你能帮我整理花园吗，托尼?——对不起，我不能，爸爸。苏珊在等我去上学。A. Congratulations祝贺；B. Sorry, I can't对不起，我不能；C. Nice to meet you见到你很高兴；D. Here you are给你。根据“Susan is waiting for me to go to school.”可知，托尼拒绝了爸爸的请求。故选B。

二、用单词的适当形式完成句子(每题1分，共20分)

21．（2022·全国·高三专题练习）China's approach to protecting its environment while ________ (feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide，” says the bank's Juergen Voegele.

【答案】feeding

【解析】考查状语从句的省略。句意：世界银行的Juergen Voegele表示，中国在保护环境的同时养活公民的做法“为全球农业和粮食政策制定者提供了有益的教训”。此处是省略句。状语从句主语为it或与主句主语相同，且谓语动词含有be动词时，可以省略it或相同的主语和be。由“连词＋doing”构成，完整的句子为：while it is feeding its citizens ... 。故答案为feeding。

22．（2021·全国·高三专题练习）Strange ________ it might sound, his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting.

【答案】as##though

【解析】考查让步状语从句。句意：尽管他的主意可能听起来奇怪，但会上的所有人都接受了。as/though可以引导让步状语从句，要采用部分倒装，结构为“n./adj./adv.＋as/though＋主语＋谓语”，故答案为as/though。

23．（2021·全国·高三专题练习）It was not until I got home ________I found I had missed my wallet.

【答案】that

【解析】考查强调句。句意：到了家我才发现我的钱包不见了。强调句的基本结构由“It is/was +被强调部分+that/who+句子其余部分”组成，如果被强调的是人用that或who，其他用that。本句中强调的是until I got home（直到我到了家），故使用that。本强调句中运用了否定前移，不加强调的原句为I didn’t find I had missed my wallet until I got home。综上，本题填that。

24．（2021·全国·高三专题练习）Here ________ (come) the announcement for the result of the sports meeting.

【答案】comes

【解析】考查动词时态和倒装句。句意：运动会结果的通告来了。地点副词here置于句首，句子使用完全倒装，此处陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语为the announcement，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填comes。

25．（2021·全国·高三专题练习）I made him ________(repeat) his promise.

【答案】repeat

【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我让他重复他的承诺。make后用作宾语补足语的不定式必须省略to。故填repeat。

26．（2021·浙江·高三专题练习）A child，if actively________(engage) in classroom activities，can be taught many things.

【答案】engaged

【解析】考查状语从句的省略。句意：一个孩子，如果积极参与课堂活动，可以学到很多东西。分析句子可知，“be engaged in”固定短语“参与，从事”。if引导条件状语从句，主语和从句主语一致，且从句谓语动词为be动词，可以省略条件状语从句中的主语和be动词。故填engaged。

27．（2022·全国·高三专题练习）Mr Mike didn't understand ________it was that made his wife so upset this morning.

【答案】what

【解析】考查连接词。句意：迈克先生不能理解到底是什么让他的妻子今天早晨如此生气。空格处是宾语从句，要用陈述语序。它的疑问句是what was it that made his wife so upset this morning？这是强调句型的特殊疑问句。故空格处填what。

28．（2021·浙江·高三专题练习）It is required that under no circumstances________we betray ourselves even if there are temptations like money or beauty.

【答案】should

【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：要求我们在任何情况下都不能背叛自己，即使有金钱或美貌这样的诱惑。it is required that...为固定句型，that引导的主语从句使用虚拟语气，谓语动词使用should do，在主语从句中，under no circumstances置于句首，句子使用部分倒装，主语we前面应填should。故填should。

29．（2022·全国·高三专题练习）Only then________we realize there was an earthquake. I was too frightened to move.

【答案】did

【解析】考查倒装和时态。句意：只有在那时我才意识到发生了地震。我太害怕了以至于动也不敢动。only then放句首，句子部分倒装：助动词/情态动词/系动词放主语之前；结合空格后谓语动词“was”可知，空格处应用一般过去时，所以应填did。故填did。

30．（2021·浙江·高三专题练习）I'm sorry.________it not been for my illness，I would have come and lent you a helping hand.

【答案】Had

【解析】考查虚拟语气和倒装句。句意：我很抱歉。要不是我生病，我就来帮你了。结合语境和would have come and lent 可知，此处是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，if引导的非真实条件句谓语动词使用had done，此处将if省略，使用部分倒装，将had置于句首。故填Had。

31．（2022·全国·高三专题练习）________was when I got back to my apartment that I first came across my new neighbors.

【答案】It

【解析】考查代词。句意：就在我回到公寓时，我第一次遇到新邻居。该句为强调句，结构为it was+时间状语（从句）+that…,故填It。

32．（2021·全国·高三专题练习）I don't know________it was that our headmaster was absent from such an important meeting.

【答案】why

【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：我不知道到底为什么我们的校长缺席了如此重要的会议。分析句子结构，可知此处考查了及物动词know后的宾语从句连接词；该宾语从句又结合了强调句式，强调从句连接词；根据句意，此处意指“为什么校长会缺席如此重要的会议”。故填why。

33．（2022·全国·高三专题练习）Only if a teacher has given permission _________a student allowed to enter the room.

【答案】is

【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：只有老师给予许可学生才能被允许进入这个房间。分析句子可知，“only+if条件状语从句”置句首，主句用部分倒装句，根据上文的has given可知，用一般现在时，主语a student与谓语动词allow是被动关系，且主语是第三人称单数，用助动词is，故填is。

34．（2021·全国·高一专题练习）It is my deskmate ________ helped me with my written English in his spare time. 【答案】who##that

【解析】考查强调句型。句意：是我的同桌在他的业余时间帮助我学习英语写作。 分析句子可知，It is…who/that构成强调句型，此处强调主语my deskmate。故填：who/that。

35．（2021·全国·高三专题练习）This isn’t as hard as it ________ (sound), and it is far better than any other method because you improve your vocabulary while ________ (read) an interesting piece of literature.

【答案】     sounds     reading

【解析】考查时态和省略。句意：这并不像听起来那么难，而且比任何其他方法都好得多，因为你在阅读一篇有趣的文学作品的同时提高了你的词汇量。第一空描述的是一般事实，而且主语为it，因此用sound的一般现在时第三人称单数形式。第二空当主句的主语和从句的主语一致时且谓语动词为 be,常省略从句的主语和 be 动词。所以省略you are，后用v-ing形式。故填sounds; reading。

36．（2022·全国·高三专题练习）Bicycles are a very common form of transport in the world. There________ (be) about one billion bicycles worldwide.

【答案】are

【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：自行车是世界上一种非常常见的交通工具。全世界大约有10亿辆自行车。句子陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，句子为there be句型，句子主语为about one billion bicycles， 为复数形式，应与are连用。故填are。

37．（2022·全国·高三专题练习）While ________ (fly) through the wind, it produced sound like the music produced by gu – zheng, which is a traditional Chinese musical instrument.

【答案】flying

【解析】考查省略句。句意：当它在风中飞的时候，会发出像古筝一样的声音，古筝是一种传统的中国乐器。while引导的时间状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致，省略了从句的主语和be动词，完整的句子是“While it is flying through the wind”，省略了it is，因此空处应填现在分词。故填flying。

38．（2021·全国·高三专题练习）Into the dark apartment ________ (walk) David，who was quite surprised when everyone shouted “Happy birthday！”

【答案】walked

【解析】考查全部倒装。句意：大卫走进黑暗的公寓，当每个人都喊着“生日快乐”时，他非常惊讶。表示地点的介词短语置于句首，句子用完全倒装。由定语从句中动词的时态可判定此处用一般过去时。故填walked。

39．（2021·全国·高三专题练习）Evidence suggests that you can remove more germs(病菌)from your hands for this amount of time while ________ (wash)your hands.

【答案】washing

【解析】考查状语从句的省略。句意：有证据表明,在洗手的过程中,你可以在这段时间内去除手上更多的细菌。此处是while引导的时间状语从句的省略，省略了相同的主语和be动词，补全为while you are washing your hands。故答案为washing。

40．（2021·全国·高三专题练习）I hope you'll visit China next month. If ________， I'd like to be your tour guide.【答案】so

【解析】考查状语从句的省略。句意：我希望你下个月访问中国。如果是的话，我愿意做你的导游。if so “如果这样的话”，属于省略句，是if引导的条件状语从句的省略，省略了主语it和be动词。故填so。

三、汉译英(每题2分，共10分)

41．（2022·上海·高三专题练习）正是谷爱凌(Eileen Gu)的坚持不懈让她在本届冬奥会上创造了奇迹。(It, enable) 【答案】It was Eileen Gu’s persistence that enabled her to do/work/perform wonders/miracles in this Winter Olympics.

【解析】考查强调句，时态和主谓一致。分析句意可知，句子用强调句，强调“谷爱凌（Eileen Gu）的坚持不懈”，时态用一般过去时。强调句的结构是“it was+被强调的部分+that+其他部分”，“谷爱凌（Eileen Gu）的坚持不懈”是Eileen Gu’s persistence，“让某人做某事”是enable sb. to do，“在本届冬奥会上”是in this Winter Olympics，“创造了奇迹”是do/work/perform wonders/miracles，因此整句话翻译为“It was Eileen Gu’s persistence that enabled her to do/work/perform wonders/miracles in this Winter Olympics”。故答案为It was Eileen Gu’s persistence that enabled her to do/work/perform wonders/miracles in this Winter Olympics.

42．（2022·上海·高三专题练习）在经历了一系列的事件后，他开始意识到：面对紧急情况时，人们只有保持镇静、同心协力才能更快找到应对之法。（only）

【答案】After going through a series of incidents, he came to realize that only by keeping calm and having one heart to help each other in an emergency can people find a solution more quickly.

【解析】考查非谓语动词、从句和倒装句。根据汉语提示，陈述过去的事情，应用一般过去时；表示“在……之后”应该使用介词after，其后接动名词作宾语，表示“经历一系列的事件”应使用going through a series of incidents；only后接介词短语作状语时，后面的句子应该使用部分倒装，表示“只有通过保持镇静、同心协力”应该使用介词短语only by keeping calm and having one heart to help each other ；表示“才能更快找到应对之法”应该使用can people find a solution more quickly 。故翻译为After going through a series of incidents, he came to realize that only by keeping calm and having one heart to help each other in an emergency can people find a solution more quickly.

43．（2022·上海·高三专题练习）孩子们从未想过有一天能有幸观看宇航员在空间站做实验。(occur to)

【答案】Never did it occur to / It never occurred to the kids/children that they would one day be lucky to watch astronauts doing experiments at the space station.

【解析】考查部分倒装，固定短语，时态。分析句意可知，句子描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，“某人从未想过”用固定句型It never occurred to that...，其中it是形式主语，that从句是主语从句，也可倒装为Never did it occur to sb. that...，“孩子们”是kids/children，“有一天能有幸观看宇航员在空间站做实验”用过去将来时，即would do，“有一天”是one day，“有幸做某事”是be lucky to do，“看宇航员在空间站做实验”是watch astronauts doing experiments at the space station，其中watch sb. doing sth.是固定搭配，意为“观看某人正在做......”，因此整句话翻译为Never did it occur to/It never occurred to the kids/children that they would one day be lucky to watch astronauts doing experiments at the space station，故答案为Never did it occur to/It never occurred to the kids/children that they would one day be lucky to watch astronauts doing experiments at the space station.

44．（2013·上海·高考真题）她一看完那个关于已灭绝物种的电视节目，就立志加入野生动物保护组织。(No sooner)

【答案】No sooner had she watched the TV program on the extinct species than she made up her mind to join the wildlife protection organization.

【解析】考查部分倒装、时态、短语。no sooner...than“一……就”是固定句型，常放在句首，表示强调，这时主句要倒装；主句用过去完成时（had done），than引导的从句用一般过去时。表示“已灭种物种的电视节目”用短语the TV program on the extinct species，表示“看（电视）”用动词watch；表示“立志做某事”可用短语make up one’s mind to do sth；表示“野生动物保护组织”用短语the wildlife protection organization，表示“参加（组织）”用动词join。句首字母大写，故翻译为No sooner had she watched the TV program on the extinct species than she made up her mind to join the wildlife protection organization.

45．（2014·上海·高考真题）没有什么比获准参加太空旅行项目更令人兴奋的了。(than)

【答案】There is nothing more exciting than being allowed to take part in the space travel programme.

【解析】考查there be句型、短语、形容词比较级、非谓语动词和时态。本句使用there be句型，时态为一般现在时， nothing 后面是形容词作后置定语，因为是比较的含义，所以用形容词比较级more exciting，还有短语“被允许做”be allowed to do，以及短语“参加”take part in，介词than后接动名词作宾语，结合其他汉语提示，故翻译为：There is nothing more exciting than being allowed to take part in the space travel programme.