【备战2023高考】英语全复习——第12讲《阅读理解推理判断题》测试（全国通用）

第12讲 阅读理解推理判断题 （测）

时间 ：45分钟  满分：60分

姓名__________    得分________

阅读理解(每题2分，共60分)

A

（2017·全国·高考真题）I never knew much about my mother's father, John leon La Walla. He moved to the city of Melbourne, Australia, in the 1920s, married, and started to raise a family, but died in World War Two. All we had was one framed photo of him dressed in his army uniform.

For some reason, my grandfather had not kept in touch with any of his relatives, although my mother did recall some family names. It wasn't till 1963 that she finally saw her father's grave, in the Albury War Cemetery in New South Wales. I fiercely wanted to know more about this man. Who were his parents？Who were his brothers and sisters？Were any of them still alive and, if so, where were they now？Did they ever wonder what become of our John Leon？

With the advent（到来）of the Internet, I started searching in earnest in the late 1990s. From my grandfather's records in the army, I learned he'd listed his birthplace as Hertfordshire England." I think his surname must have been a false name," my father said. This made me upset but I put it aside, concentrating instead on my father's line. I joined a genealogy（系谱学）website and was soon discovering some of my ancestors from distant relatives. I wrote, “I just wish I could find out about my mother's father now," and told them of my search.

In late 2012, I heard from a very distant relation on my father's side called Julie, from New Zealand. As a genealogist herself, she'd taken pity on me and spent several weeks on research. It was a bombshell when she said she may have found my grandfather's family.

She'd searched English census（人口普查） records and found the surname Waller. The dates and first names matched right down to a brother who'd died on the Western Front. Julie had overcome the false name, traced a whole tree and put me in touch with current﹣day relatives.

"Consider it an early Christmas present," she said. "Julie had done all this very careful research for a stranger. I will be ever grateful."

1．What can we learn about the author's grandfather？

A．He was born in Australia.

B．He was a soldier.

C．He died in 1963.

D．He had no relatives.

2．Why did the author feel upset when knowing his grandfather's surname may not be real？

A．The Internet was not helpful.

B．His father gave up searching.

C．The genealogy website worked well.

D．His search could not continue.

3．Who finally succeeded in the search？

A．The author 's father.

B．Someone named Waller.

C．The author's brother.

D．Julie, a practical stranger.

4．What is the main idea of the text？

A．The search of the family root.

B．The powerful Internet.

C．The story of a genealogist.

D．The gratitude of a young man.

B

（2017·全国·高考真题）Color is a daily mystery．ROY G B．IV deals with lots of big﹣picture color questions explaining why hams are often red and why NYC taxis are yellow．Today's question：why are Jeans blue？

First，why"jeans"？Jeans twin names﹣denim and jeans﹣come from the two European ports that supplied two similar fabrics（织物）during the Middle A．ges． Gene fustian was a cotton﹣linen﹣wool blend shipped from genoa．a silk ﹣wool blend called serge de nimes shortened to de nimes or denim， was shipped out of France．B．oth fabrics gradually changed into similar cotton only blends by the 19th century． according to an article titled a short history of denim y historian Lynn Downey． B．oth were used to make men's clothing，valued especially for [their] properly of durability（耐久性） even after many washings"．

In 1873 Levi Strauss teamed up with Jacob Davis to produce jeans，they sold like hotcakes to Gold Rush miners secking a durable uniform for fortune﹣seeking Jeans rapidly came to stand for the character of the A．merican West﹣﹣rank， energetic， rebellions，and capitalistic．

While gold rush miners probably didnt care about how denim looked， they cared a lot about durability，comfort and fit，at the beginning，Straus offered his waist overalls"in two varieties brown cotton"duck"or canvas，and blue denim﹣﹣but by 1911 they'd stopped using cotton duck entirely．As historian Downey explains "once someone had worn a pair of denim pants experiencing its strength． and how the denim became more comfortable with every washing he never wanted to wear duck again； because with cotton duck，you always feel like you re wearing a tent．"

So why are jeans blue？The answer has to do with dye．Unlike most natural dyes that， when heated，penetrate cloth fibers directly indigo（靛蓝）sticks to the cloth's threads．With each washing some of these dye molecules are stripped away，taking bits of the threads with them．The process softens rough fabrics and individualizes the color．This extreme customization made every pair a second skin．

5．How does the author start talking about jeans？

A．From the quality of the fabrics．

B．From a famous historian．

C．From their hometowns．

D．From their names．

6．Which of the following helped establish the popularity of jeans in 1873？

A．Hot cakes．

B．A．durable uniform．

C．A．merican character．

D．Gold rush．

7．What can we infer about indigo？

A．It cannot be heated．

B．It can be machine washed．

C．It doesn't stay for a long time．

D．It goes into the cloths fibers directly．

8．By saying"made every pair a second skin" in the last paragraph, the author most probably means____________．

A．the pants were made of skin．

B．the pants fitted people well．

C．the dyes were quite natural．

D．the threads became softer and softer．

C

（2021·福建宁德·三模）The first wave of a new class of anti-aging drugs have begun human testing. These drugs won't let you live longer but aim to treat specific illnesses by slowing a fundamental process of aging.

The drugs are called senolytics—they work by removing certain cells that accumulate as we age. Known as “senescent” cells, they can create low-level inflammation (炎症) that prevents normal systems of living cells repair and creates a poisonous environment for neighboring cells.

In June, San Francisco - based Unity Biotechnology reported initial results in patients with mild to severe osteoarthritis (关节炎) of the knee. Results from a larger clinical trial are expected in the second half of this year. The company is also developing similar drugs to treat age-related diseases of the eyes and lungs, among other conditions.

Senolytics are now in human tests, along with a number of other promising approaches targeting the biological processes that lie at the root of aging and various diseases.

A company called Alkahest injects patients with components found in young people's blood and says it hopes to stop conscious and functional decline in patients suffering from mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease. The company also has drugs for Parkinson's and dementia in human testing.

And in December, researchers at Drexel University College of Medicine even tried to see if a cream including the immune-suppressing drug could slow aging in human skin.

The tests reflect researchers' expanding efforts to learn if the many diseases associated with getting older- such as heart diseases, arthritis, cancer, and dementia- can be dealt with to delay their outbreak.

9．Why do the researchers develop the drugs?

A．To rid inflammation. B．To lengthen people's life.

C．To treat age-related diseases. D．To remove cancer cells.

10．What does the underlined word “senescent” in paragraph 2 probably mean?

A．Repairing. B．Cycling. C．Aging. D．Dividing.

11．How does the text mainly develop?

A．By listing data. B．By providing details.

C．By making comparisons. D．By analyzing causes.

12．Where is this text most likely from?

A．A diary. B．A guidebook. C．A novel. D．A magazine.

D

（2021·云南昆明·三模）Sugar has been linked to serious diseases like heart disease, diabetes and even cancer, which is why it's vital to cut down on foods and drinks that are high in sugar. Take a look at the drinks that contain a surprising amount of hidden sugars and what you should be eating instead.

Fruit juices

While fruit juices can contain some important vitamins and minerals, they are typically full of sugar. Unfortunately, the fiber that fruit naturally contains and that helps the body keep blood sugar stable has also been removed. To keep blood sugar levels from rising sharply, choose to eat whole fruits whenever a juice desire comes along.

Sports drinks

Sports drinks might seem like the perfect choice for hydration while exercising, but they contain a high amount of added sugars as they were designed for athletes during fierce and long periods of activity. The only people who actually benefit from sports drinks are professional athletes or marathoners. Unless that's you, just stick to plain water.

Flavored coffees

Flavored coffees are delicious, but they contain hidden sugars as they often rely on artificial syrups (糖浆) for flavoring. A large flavored coffee at some coffee chains has up to 25 teaspoons of sugar. You can still enjoy your morning cup of coffee. Just stick to unflavored and unsweetened versions and avoid creamers high in sugar.

Iced teas

Iced teas can be extremely refreshing on a hot day, but they're typically over-sweetened with sugar or syrups. Some brands of iced tea actually contain a surprising 33 grams of sugar in a 355-milliliter serving. So, look for iced teas without any added sugar or make your own at home so you can save money and control what goes into it.

13．How do fruit juices benefit people?

A．They provide necessary minerals. B．They refuel people during sports.

C．They energize people in the morning. D．They refresh people on hot days.

14．What are common people advised to have while exercising?

A．Fruit juices. B．Flavored coffees. C．Natural water. D．Iced teas.

15．What's the purpose of the text?

A．To introduce four nutritious drinks. B．To discuss the advantages of drinks.

C．To share ways to make drinks at home. D．To warm readers against high-sugar drinks.

E

（2021·甘肃省民乐县第一中学模拟预测）My doctor took me for a walk around the farm where she lives. I was physically and emotionally exhausted and discouraged by anxiety and depression.

The place was full of life. There were insects, horses, rabbits and a cat. She told me to focus on my body in the environment.

When I was ill, I tended to retreat into my mind and disconnect from here and now. So, when I met a horse named Fira, I expected nothing.

As I got closer to Fira, she nuzzled her nose into my chest, putting a gentle pressure over my heart. Something happened inside me: I felt as if I had reached a wellspring of past hurts, fears and failings. I began to melt emotionally.

I patted Fira’s nose and breathed in her smell. I found I didn’t have to concentrate on feeling better; Fira helped me feel loved and safe.

I worked with Fira often, learning basic communication and leading methods to work together with her. Initially, I wasn’t sure exactly what one would do with a horse except riding it. But I knew that Fira had touched me in an uncommon way and had made me feel better. She connected with me by responding to my emotional state and reflecting it back to me in an open, affectionate way.

In my meetings with Fira, I found that I lost my usual self-consciousness, and I would focus entirely on communicating.

I learned to live in the present, to focus on what was happening this day, in this moment, in this place. I learned to forget the past, with all its hurts. I learned to forget the future, which hasn’t happened yet. When you stand beside a horse, you exist completely in the moment.

With Fira by my side, I saw into a life in which trust comes first, and compassion follows.

I found a deep peace in leading her along a path, by using my own power of intention to indicate whether to start, stop, turn left or turn right. I felt an inner quiet and even joy. My work with this horse was part of a journey out of a very dark night in my soul.

16．What do we know about the author from the first three paragraphs?

A．She loves animals very much. B．She suffered from mental illness.

C．She went to a doctor with high hopes. D．She often lost consciousness.

17．When she met Fira for the first time, the author ________.

A．felt deeply touched B．had an emotional breakdown

C．became grateful for her past pain D．was curious about what would happen

18．When the author and Fira worked together, ________.

A．the author had to try hard to feel better

B．Fira helped the author focus on her thoughts

C．the author recalled her past hurts, fears and failings

D．Fira accepted the author’s emotions and reacted positively

19．What did the author learn during her time with Fira?

A．It is important to live in the moment.

B．One shouldn’t be affected by emotions.

C．One should learn lessons from the past.

D．It is necessary to show compassion to others.

F

（2021·四川德阳·三模）Each year, about 250 billion to-go cups serve coffee and tea from places like Starbucks and McDonald’s are produced to satisfy the world’s love for hot drinks on the run. These paper-based cups have the inside surface covered with plastic to prevent water from escaping, and keep water from being absorbed into the material. Despite this, that also removes any opportunity for the cups to be biodegradable (可生物降解的).

The materials that created these cups of goodness and convenience are recyclable but only if separated. In addition, the demand for such resources is low, so they are worth next to nothing.

In response to this great challenge, NextGen Consortium, multi-year partnership led by Starbucks and McDonald’s launched their first big initiative (倡议)—NextGen Cup. The first step in NextGen Cup was an open competition where participants presented ideas for sleeves, cups, lids and other parts of the hot-cold paper-based takeaway coffee cup that would make it reusable, recyclable, or biodegradable; to finally be widely used. 12 winners, announced in 2019, shared a prize of $1 million, as well as personalized growth, and support from members of NextGen Consortium.

Later, they launched two pilot programs at independent coffee shops in California. In one case, customers were given “smart” reusable cups made mostly from recyclable plastic. They then could drop their empties into collection containers at key locations, for washing and reuse. These cups were printed with RFID chips or QR codes, through which coffee shops can know where there is the greatest need for collection containers and how many are not using them.

To reduce coffee cup waste, Cup Club is already replacing millions of takeaway cups in the UK, while Recup in Germany, has performed a deposit system that simply adds a small extra fee to any coffee cup which is returned to the buyer after the cup is deposited in any registered collection point.

20．What can we say about the paper-based cups?

A．They can absorb water easily. B．They are not popular in life.

C．They can’t be easily recycled. D．They are attractive in low price.

21．What’s the theme of the NextGen Cup?

A．Separating recyclable materials from the cups.

B．Making the cups green and easily available.

C．Reducing the unnecessary parts of the cups.

D．Gaining the support from their partners.

22．What’s the function of RFID chips or QR codes?

A．Knowing about customers’ preference for coffee shops.

B．Collecting the information on which shop is empty.

C．Helping choose where customer can drink coffee.

D．Making the recycling of cups more efficient.

23．What does the word “which” in the last paragraph refer to?

A．A collection point. B．A deposit system.

C．A small extra fee. D．Any coffee cup.

G

（2021·山东泰安·一模）Buying clothes for a special event, hiding the price tickets and returning them to the store the next day has for years been the method of economical shoppers. Today people are doing it just for social media.

A survey conducted by the credit card company Barclaycard revealed that nearly one in ten UK shoppers admits to buying clothing only to post photos on social media for likes. After the “outfit (装束) of the day” makes it online, they return it to the store. According to Barclaycard, the “try before you buy” policy of online retailers (零售商) where people pay for clothing they order online after they try it on at home could be contributing to this rising trend.

But the rise of social media has meant that everyone, not just superstars, expects to build and maintain a personal brand. Since we’re documenting our lives and posting them online for public judgment, getting caught in the same outfits more than once should be avoided. And the cost of all those outfits of the day adds up, which makes returning a popular way.

There are brands that tailor clothes specifically for social media shoppers, like Fashion Nova. “These are clothes made for social media: meant to be worn once, photographed and abandoned,” Allison P. Davis wrote in her report about the brand. Another favorite of the social media age is Rent the Runway, which lets customers rent designer clothing for a fee.

Some, however, are moving in the opposite direction. Groups promoting “work uniforms” have increased greatly in recent years, aiming to free women from “the annoyance of clothing decisions”. The concept of the “capsule wardrobe” (胶囊衣柜), which calls for purchasing a small number of high-quality pieces instead of lots of trendy throwaway clothes, is also making a comeback.

24．What does the survey by Barclaycard indicate?

A．Some Britons send outfits back after shoots.

B．Britons try on clothes before online purchases.

C．Britons follow the fashion stars closely.

D．Some Britons over-order and return clothes.

25．What’s Fashion Nova’s special service?

A．Renting chargeable designer clothes.

B．Offering customers single-use clothes.

C．Creating unique shopping experiences.

D．Helping shoppers improve their clothing style.

26．What’s the idea behind the “capsule wardrobe”?

A．Better fewer, but better.

B．Less addition, but more enjoyment.

C．Less uniform and more freedom.

D．More choices and less annoyance.

27．What’s the purpose of the author to write the text?

A．To compare different wearing trends.

B．To criticize the “try before you buy” policy.

C．To advocate buying high-quality clothes.

D．To introduce Britain’s new wearing trend.

H

（2021·河南郑州·三模）There you are, looking through your WeChat moments or your Weibo feed, and you come across a post saying something like this: “I just got accepted to Harvard and 0xford! Are they sure they didn’t mix my applications up with somebody else’s?”

This person is clearly humblebragging. The term “humblebrag” was first coined back in 2010 by the late US comedian Harris Wittels, and it describes when someone makes a seemingly modest statement, but the actual purpose is to bring attention to something they are proud of.

The example above is a modesty-based humblebrag. The person wants to tell others: “I got accepted to Harvard and Oxford!” However, they don't want to seem too proud of their accomplishments. So, instead, they word it in a way to be more modest and bring down the importance of their achievements.

Although people who humblebrag think it will make them more likeable because they aren’t talking proudly about their victories, a study published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology showed that humblebragging actually has the opposite effect.

“Humblebragging doesn’t have the intended result because it seems insincere. That ‘poor me’ attitude combined with self-promotion does not lead to a favorable impression,” said Ovul Sezer, the lead author of the study and an assistant professor of organizational behavior at the University of North Carolina, US. “ Even simply bragging or complaining (抱怨) is better, because at least those messages are seen as more sincere.”

Sezer’s study also found that nearly 60% of humblebrags were complaint-based humblebragging, with most people humblebragging about their looks, followed by their money or wealth, and finally about their performance at work. “It’s such a common phenomenon. All of us know some people in our lives, whether in the social media or in the workplace, who do this annoying thing,” commented Sezer, adding that we all do it to some extent.

So, if you want to share your achievements with others, what’s the best way to do it then? Sezer suggests that people admit their self-promotion and harvest the rewards of being sincere. She also suggests finding a go-between, adding, “If someone brags for you, that’s the best thing that can happen to you, because then you don’t seem like you’re bragging.”

28．The underlined word “coined” in Paragraph 2 probably means “________”.

A．recognized B．invented

C．bought D．copied

29．Which of the following can be considered as humblebragging?

A．Hesitating to talk about your achievements.

B．Bringing people’s attention to your achievements.

C．Talking proudly about your achievements in the social media.

D．Pretending to be modest when talking about your achievements.

30．What is Sezer’s attitude towards humblebragging?

A．Cautious. B．Ambiguous.

C．Supportive. D．Disapproving.

31．What does Sezer suggest people do when it comes to sharing achievements?

A．Share their achievements with their best friends.

B．Bring down the importance of their achievements.

C．Find someone else to talk about their achievements.

D．Talk about their achievements after someone else does.