【备战2023高考】英语全复习——专题01：动词时态语态 -精讲精练（上海用）

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►专题01 动词时态语态用法梳理+高考题型组合练
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考点精讲







【考情链接】
谓语动词的时态、语态是高考的必考重点。高考常考的时态有，一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、过去将来时、现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时、将来进行时、现在完成进行时和过去完成进行时等。高中阶段的被动语态：主要掌握现在进行时与过去进行时的被动语态，以及将来完成时被动语态的用法。
特别注意：要把握各种时态的特点，注意容易混淆的时态差异，准确理解具体语境下时态的正确意义，捕捉句子中所隐含的时间信息，务必要克服汉语式的惯性思维，排除误导，培养发散性思维习惯。
【要点梳理】

考点一：动词时态
Ø 动词时态梳理

一般式
进行式
完成式
现在
does/is/are/am
is/are/am doing
have done
过去
did
was/were doing
had done
将来
will do
will be doing
will have done
过去将来
would do
would be doing
would have done

此外：高中阶段需重点掌握：

①将来进行时
表示将来某一时刻或某一时段正在发生或进行的动作，常与一些标志性的时间状语连用，如：at this time tomorrow，by then，from 1：30 to 4：30 tomorrow等。其构成为：will/shall bee＋现在分词
Jane can't attend the meeting at 3 o'clock this afternoon because she will be teaching a class at that time.
简不能参加今天下午三点的会议了，因为她那个时间在授课。

②现在完成进行时
一、现在完成进行时的构成
对完成进行时要求学生掌握的是现在完成进行时。其构成为：have/has been＋现在分词。
二、现在完成进行时的用法
(1)表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或产生的状态一直延续到现在，并有可能继续下去，常见的时间状语：all this morning，this month，these few days，since和for引导的状语从句等。
—Excuse me，which movie are you waiting for?
——打扰了，你们在等着看哪部电影呢？
—The new Star Wars.We have been waiting here for more than two hours.
——新版的《星球大战》，我们在这儿等了两个多小时了。
(2)所表示的动作有时并不是一直在不停地进行，而是在断断续续地重复。
The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts will be rewarded with success in the end.
学生们一直在努力学习功课，他们的付出最终会收获成功的。

③将来完成时
将来完成时用来表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成的动作或一直持续的动作。经常与“before+将来时间或
“by+将来时间”连用，也可与before或by the time引导的现在时的从句连用。其构成为：will /shall +have ＋过去分词。
The children will have gone to sleep by the time we get home.到我们回家时，孩子们将已睡了。
When you come tonight at eight o'clock，I shall have written my paper.你今晚八点钟来时，我将会写完文章了
By next year our teacher will have taught English for twenty years.到明年我们的老师将已教二十年英语了。

备注1： 其他表示“将来”的结构及用法

(1)“be going to＋动词原形”表示按计划、打算要做某事或根据某种迹象预示着要发生某事。
Look，dark clouds are gathering.It is going to rain soon，I think.
瞧，乌云正在聚集，我想快要下雨了。
Whether in the home or the workplace，social robots are going to become a lot more common in the next few years. 无论是在家里还是在工作场所，在未来的几年里社交机器人将会变得越来越普遍。
(2)“be to＋动词原形”表示按计划、约定或按职责、义务必须做的事或即将发生的动作。
You are to hand in your papers by 10 o'clock. 到10点你得交上试卷。
(3)“be about to＋动词原形”表示正要或即将要做某事，该结构不与表示具体的将来时间状语连用。
Tom was about to close the windows when his attention was caught by a bird.
汤姆正要关上窗户，就在这时一只鸟引起了他的注意。


备注2： 常使用完成时的句型

(1)This/It /That is the first /...time＋that sb.has/have done；
This/It /That was the first /...time＋that sb.had done 这是某人第几次做某事。
(2)It(This)is/was the＋最高级＋名词＋(that)定语从句，从句中的谓语用完成时。
(3)It is/has been＋一段时间＋since sb.did；
It was/ had been＋一段时间＋since sb.had done sth.自从……以来多久了。
(4)hardly(scarcely)...when.../ no sooner...than...( 一……就……)主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。
Hardly/No sooner had I got home when/than the rain poured down.我刚到家，大雨就倾盆而下。
It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time. 我们有10年没那么高兴过了。


考点二：动词语态
Ø 动词语态梳理

一、被动语态的构成形式
被动语态由“be＋过去分词”构成，be动词有人称、数和时态的变化。被动语态的构成形式还有：get/become＋过去分词。各种时态的被动语态形式如下：
　　形式
时间　　
一般式
进行式
完成式
现在
am/ is/
are done
am/ is/are
being done
have/has been done
过去
was/were
done
was/were being done
had been done
将来
shall/will
be done

shall/will have　been done

被动语态的使用场合：(1)不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时；(2)强调动作的承受者时。
)It is reported that a space station will be built on the moon in years to come.
据报道，一个空间站将在未来的几年内在月球上被建成。
)In my hometown，there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat has been cut.
在我的家乡，所有的麦子被收割后，总是要给农民们准备一顿收获的晚餐。
With many forests being destroyed，huge quantities of good earth are being washed away each year.
因为许多森林被毁，每年大量肥沃的泥土被冲走。
易错警示
(1)有些及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态。常见的有：have有；cost花费；lack缺少；own拥有；belong to属于；take part in参加。
(2)不及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态。常见的有：happen/take place/occur发生；remain剩下；break out爆发；last持续；come out出版；come up被提出；lose heart失去信心；date from/back to追溯到；run out用完。

二、get构成的表示被动的短语：get paid/lost/hurt等
While waiting for the opportunity to get promoted，Henry did his best to perform his duty.
在等待机会被提拔期间，亨利尽量履行好自己的职责。
We get paid by the week. 我们按周获得薪酬。
1．“系动词feel，sound，taste，look，smell，appear，seem，turn，stay，become，get，grow，keep等＋形容词/名词”构成系表结构，常常以主动形式表示被动意义。
This kind of wool shirt feels soft and sells well.
这种羊毛衫摸起来很软，卖得很好。
2．当sell，read，cut，wash，write，open，wear，run，burn等不及物动词后带状语(well/easily等)修饰，用来表示主语内在的品质或性能时用主动形式表示被动含义。
Have you bought the book that sells well these days? I think it is suitable for us teenagers.
你买最近销售很好的那本书了吗？我认为它非常适合我们青少年。
三、主动形式表示被动意义
1．在need，want，require，deserve，bear等动词、worth等形容词的后面，动名词主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。
The house needs repairing/to be repaired. 这房子需要修理。
2．be to rent/blame/let主动形式表被动意义。
Who is to blame for the mistake? 谁应为此错误接受谴责？
The house is to let. 此房出租。
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重点小练








u 单句语法填空（时态与语态）
1．Nowadays, cycling along with jogging and swimming，_______(regard)as one of the best all­round forms of exercise.
2．While online shopping _________(change) our life，not all of its effects have been positive.
3．Christmas is the most important festival in the western world.It ______ (fall) on December 25.
4．They had to wait and _______ (hope)that someone would come and help them.
5．Nowadays, cell phones have features such as games，music and calendars and more new functions _________ (add)．
6．If we_________ (book) a table earlier，we wouldn't be standing here in a queue.
7．Due to the hard training they________ (do) before，their performances were very impressive.
8．Jack has never been to China，but he talks about it as if he__________ (be) there many times.
9．More expressways __________ (build) in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy.
10．Sooner or later those dishonest people __________ (pay) a price for their acts; on the contrary，when we are honest，we are truly free.
11. By the time Jane gets home, her aunt ________（leave） for London to attend a meeting.
12. The manager had fallen asleep where he ________（lie), without undressing.
13.They ______________(work) on the program for almost one week before I joined them，and now we ____________(work) on it as no good results have come out so far.
14. The little girl ________(cry) her heart out because she ________(lose) her toy bear and believed she wasn't ever going to find it .
15. John and I ________(be) friends for eight years. We first got to know each other at a Christmas party. But we ______ (see) each other a couple of times before that.
16. All morning as she waited for the medical report from the doctor, her nervousness______.（grow）
17. The news came as no surprise to me. I _______（know）for some time that the factory was going to shut down.
18. The old scientist used to say that knowledge ______(come) from practice and he gained his experience by doing a lot of practical work.
19．He hurried home，never once looking back to see if he ______________(follow)．
20．Tom _______________(work) in the library every night over the last three months.
Keys: 1. is regarded 2. has changed 3.falls 4. hoped 5. are being added
6. had booked 7. had done 8. had been 9. will be built 10. will pay
11.will have left 12. was lying 13.had been working;are working 14.cried, had lost
15.have been, had seen 16. grew 17. had known 18. comes 19. was being followed 20. has been working/has worked

u 语篇填空(用括号中动词的适当形式填空)
Welcome to our school.I'd like to introduce you to plans for our school.A lot of work 1 (do) in the past few years.The library 2 (complete) and is ready for use.But we still have to do more work.A new biology lab 3 (build)this year.But we don't have enough money for the equipment.Students in all grades 4 (collect) money.The money which is collected 5 (spend) on new equipment.At present，a plan 6 (make) for a party at the end of the term，at which wonderful performances 7 (put)on.
The gardens of the school 8 (improve) this year.New trees 9 (plant) which will soon give shade in summer.The whole school 10 (paint) during the summer holidays.In fact，our school is becoming more and more beautiful.
参考答案：
1. has been done　2.has been completed　3.is being built　4.are collecting　5.will be spent　
6. is being made7.will be put　8.are being improved　9.are being planted 10.is going to be painted

u Translation（注意动词时态与语态）
1. 由于工作时心不在焉，约翰被老板解雇了。

2. 在过去的十年中，这个地区发生了翻天覆地的变化。

3. 当他到学校时，他意识到他把作业忘在家里了。

4. 应该鼓励学生将课堂上所学的知识用于实践中去。

5. 很多年前，人们不知道人口问题将是个大问题。

6.等他明年回来，这个体育馆就建好了。(by the time)
答案：（only for reference）
1. John was dismissed by his boss as he didn’t pay much attention to his work.
2. Over the past 10 years, great changes have happened in this area.
3. When he got to school, he realized that he had left his homework at home.
4. Students should be encouraged to apply what they have learned in class to practice.
5. Many years ago people never knew that population would become a big problem．
6. By the time he comes back next year, the stadium will have been set up.
_______________
好题必测





历年上海高考真题及模拟试题优选
1. The females: never visit the nest again to take care of the eggs that _____ (deposit) in the warm sand.【2019秋考】
【答案】were deposited。
【解析】考查一般过去时被动语态。根据句意:"那些已被沉淀在温暖的
沙子里的卵。”由此句意和结构分析可知，此处用被动语态，又因为有again 提示，可知发生在过去，故用一般过去时的被动语态。
2. In the recent years, sea erosion has led to many turtles' nest being damaged or destroyed. Also, some fierce animals such as dogs and birds (29)_______ (reduce) the number of nesting turtles. And of course man has also had a negative impact by using engine-powered fishing boats near the turtles' nesting grounds.【2019秋考】
【答案】have reduced。
【解析】考查现在完成时，根据句意:"还有，诸如一些凶残的狗和鸟已经减少了龟巢的数量。根据前句的谓语动词hasled和此句中的also可以判定此句也是用现在完成时，强调动作的形成的结果。
3. Jason set up a plan that in five years he ________ (show) his work in the top gallery in that area of the country.【2019春考】
【答案】would show
【解析】
考查动词时态和语态。句意：他给自己设定了一个目标，用五年的时间，他要让他自己的作品在全国顶尖艺术馆里被展出。分析句子可知，本句缺乏谓语，show与he为主谓关系，故用主动语态，由于陈述过去的计划和打算，故用过去将来时，综述用would show。
4. This five-year goal gave him a starting point from which to work backwards... ...By setting this goal, all of Jason's efforts ________ (point) in the same direction. He showed up at different art show openings,....【2019春考】
【答案】 pointed
【解析】
考查动词时态和语态。句意：通过设定目标，他的所有努力能向着同一个方向。分析句子可知，本句缺乏谓语，point与主语efforts为主谓关系，故用主动语态，陈述过去事情，故用一般过去时pointed。
5. S&A is starting to do police work. Earlier this summer, 90 employees (23) __________(hire) to guard its doors and check receipts.【2018秋考】
【答案】 was hired
【解析】
考查动词时态和语态。句意：今年夏天早些时候，90名员工被雇佣守卫其大门并检查收据。hire与主语 employees 为被动关系，故用被动语态，陈述过去事情，故用一般过去时被动语态。故填was hired。
6. A comprehensive study of 4,500 children conducted by the National Institutes of Health in 2018 shows that children who spent more than seven hours a day staring at screens showed evidence of premature thinning of their brain's cortex一the outer layer that processes sensory information. "We don't know if it ______ (cause) by the screen time. 【2018秋考】
【答案】 is being caused
【解析】
考查时态和语态。句意：我们不知道这是否是看屏幕时间造成的。此处为宾语从句谓语动词，空前的it指代premature thinning of their brain's cortex，和cause之间为逻辑上的被动关系，应用被动语态；结合语境可知，此处表目前一直在发生的动作，故应用现在进行时的被动语态。故填is being caused。
7.The reason why many people unconsciously “tune out” their family members or close friends is that they think they already know what the other person _______ (say). 【2021杨浦二模】
【答案】. is going to/will say
【解析】.考查时态。句意同上。根据前文“they already know what the other person ”，可知此处指他们已经知道对方将要说什么。结合句意，此处用一般将来时。所以用is going to/ will say。
8. So far, the researchers _________ (demonstrate) stem cell therapy in preclinical lab tests. Tsuji said they were looking for outside collaborators to help develop clinical applications for the new hair growth technology.【2021青浦二模】
【答案】have demonstrated
【解析】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，研究人员已经在临床前实验室测试中证明了干细胞疗法。结合时间状语So far可知，句子应用现在完成时，主语the researchers是名词复数，助动词用have，故填have
demonstrated。
9. At the very cafes customers can ask whether there are any suspended coffees available, and if so, they __________ (supply) with a beverage, thanks to the kindness of a stranger.【2021普陀二模】
【答案】 are supplied/will be supplied
【解析】
考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：正是在这些咖啡馆里，顾客可以问是否有待用咖啡，如果有，他们会被提供一杯饮料，这要感谢一个陌生人的好意。空前的主语they指代customers，和谓语动词supply之间是被动关系，所以应用被动语态，此处可使用一般现在时或一般将来时，主语是复数人称代词，故填are supplied或will be supplied。
10.Apparently,the most depressing day of the year is the third Monday in January, when it’s cold and dark outside. This day ______ (nickname) ‘Blue Monday’ by psychologist Cliff Arnall in 2004.【2021浦东二模】
【答案】 was nicknamed
【解析】
考查时态语态。句意：2004年，心理学家Cliff Arnall将这一天戏称为“忧郁星期一”。根据后文in 2004可知用一般过去时，主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，故应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为This day，谓语动词用单数。故填was nicknamed。
11.The discovery has caused huge excitement among historians, as it provides firm evidence about a ruler whose life ______23______ (shadow), in spite of official records, by rumors (谣言) concerning his cold blood since his death at the Battle of Bosworth in 1485.【2021静安二模】
【答案】has been shadowed
【解析】
考查动词时态和语态。句意：这一发现在历史学家中引起了极大的兴奋，因为它提供了一个确凿的证据，证明一个统治者的生活一直被关于他自1485年在博斯沃思战役中死亡以来冷血无情的谣言所掩盖，尽管有官方记录。分析可知，所填动词应是定语从句“whose life ______3 ____ (shadow), in spite of official records, by rumours concerning his cold blood since his death at the Battle of Bosworth in 1485.”中的谓语动词，结合时间状语“since his death at the Battle of Bosworth in 1485”可知，应是现在完成时，且动词“shadow(在……上投下或覆盖阴影)”与主语“whose life”之间为被动关系，应是现在完成时被动结构：have/has been done，且主语“whose life”为第三人称单数。故填has been shadowed。
12.For young people, it was the first time that they _____ (experience) something big, a worry that they shared with their families, friends and neighbors, and a suffering being endured at this moment and to be endured next few weeks. 【2021虹口二模】
【答案】 had experienced
【解析】
考查动词时态。句意：对年轻人来说，这是他们第一次经历一件大事，一件他们要与家人、朋友和邻居分享的忧虑，一件此刻正在忍受的痛苦，以及在接下来的几周内将要忍受的痛苦。“it was the+序数词+time+that从句”句式中，that从句应使用过去完成时。故填had experienced。
13.The area in which Town of Ask ________(locate) is known to have a lot of quick clay, which can change from solid to liquid from. Previous landslides have been reported in the region. 【2021奉贤二模】
【答案】is located
【解析】
考查时态。句意：众所周知，阿斯所在的地区有很多快速粘土，可以从固体变成液体。be located in坐落于。分析句子可知，设空处为定语从句谓语。根据文章时态可知，用一般现在时。故填is located。
14.“Personally, I don’t think pop-ups are a passing trend. From what we _______ (learn) from our customers so far, they are always looking for unique products and experiences, exactly something that pop-up shops can offer. 【2021金山二模】
【答案】 have learned
【解析】
考查时态。句意：到目前为止，我们从顾客那里了解到，他们总是在寻找独特的产品和体验，这正是快闪店可以提供的东西。根据so far可知，用现在完成时。故填have learned。
15.It was a part of town, I realized, that I (warn) about, but nothing happened to me, and as soon as we were near the bright lights of the main road, my “guide” just (disappear).【2021长宁二模】
【答案】had been warned
【解析】
考察谓语动词。首先根据"I"与“warn”是被动关系，所以应用被动语态。再根据“warn”这个动作发生在"realize"之前，"realize"用的是一般过去时的时态，所以"warn"应用过去完成时。应填“had been warned”。
【答案】 disappeared
【解析】
考察谓语动词。“guide”与"disappear"之前是主动关系，是“我的'向导'消失”。结合前句判断出时态为一般过去时。应填“disappeared”。
16.An organization called Campus Cosmic Ray Observation Collaboration _______ (establish) in September 2020 to promote the idea. Zhang, head of the organization, said they plan to build more stations on school campuses across China.【2021徐汇二模】
【答案】was established
【解析】考查谓语动词：根据句子中的时间状语in September 2020表明时态是一般过去时，及物动词缺少宾语，选用was established的被动形式；
17.People ______ (influence) to become technology addicted. One survey reported that “addicted” was the word most commonly used by people to describe their relationship to iPad and similar devices.【2021闵行二模】
【答案】have been influenced
【解析】
考察谓语动词的时态和语态。这里括号给到的动词是在句子里作为谓语，再结合句意判断为被动语态，“人们已经被影响的变得对设备上瘾”，动作发生在过去，对现在有影响，用完成时态。综上，完成时态的被动语态。
18.One of humanity’s greatest achievements has been mastering routes across the world’s oceans. Communities separated by thousands of miles ______(bring) into contact and religious ideas have spread across the waters, while artistic creativity has been motivated by the experience of seeing the products of different civilizations. 【2021黄埔二模】
【答案】have been brought
【解析】考查谓语动词：句子成分分析此处应该填写谓语动词，根据后半句中的have spread判断填写现在完成时，结合bring为及物动词后缺少宾语，因此填写have been brought。


Section A：语法与词汇
高考题型组合练


语法填空
Directions: Fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct.

Foreign Accent Syndrome(综合症)
31-year-old Emily’s life changed greatly in January, when a mysterious condition left her unable to speak for two months. She (21)________ (complain) about headaches for two weeks before one day her colleagues then noticed that her speech had become slow and unclear, both indicators of a stroke. (22)_____ ______ ______ she was rushed to the hospital, Emily had lost her ability to speak completely. After running some tests, doctors ruled out the stroke, instead (23)________ (blame) her voice loss on some sort of brain injury.
After spending three weeks in the hospital, Emily was still unable to speak and relied solely on basic sign language she had picked up at work and a text-to-speech app on her phone (24)________(communicate). Encouraged by her doctor, Emily went on a vacation in Thailand. A few days into the vacation, she started to speak again.
How (25)_______ (shock) it was when Emily originally noticed her Eastern European accents, but even more so when she noticed that sometimes her accent would change out of the blue, to Polish, Italian and even French. Although she doesn’t know the reason (26)________ may help explain her condition, she has noticed that it has something to do with how tired she is. In March of 2020, she was officially diagnosed with (27)_______ was commonly called Foreign Accent Syndrome.
“I was so excited when my voice started coming back but now I don’t even recognize the voice that comes out of my mouth, it doesn’t sound (28)________ me,” Emily told the reporters.
Now her voice is back, but unfortunately she has to deal with discrimination(歧视) from people who think she is an immigrant, and has taken time off work because stress (29)_________ only make her condition worse.
Emily’s case sounds shockingly similar to (30)_______ of Michelle Myers, an Arizona woman who never traveled outside of the United States, but woke up to speaking in multiple accents-British, Irish and Australian- after experiencing severe headaches. She too was diagnosed with Foreign Accent Syndrome.
【答案】
21. had complained / had been complaining 22. By the time 23. blaming 24.to communicate
25. shocking 26. which/that 27. what 28. like 29. can 30. that
【解析】
21. 考查动词。此句含有before的时间状从，故考虑主句动作发生在过去的过去。故填had complained / had been complaining
22. 考查连词。从句为一般过去时，主句为过去完成时，可知动作发生有先后，可联想到By the time，此空较难，该三空连词较少出现
23. 考查动词。此处非谓语表伴随，instead为副词，对句子无影响，故填blaming
24. 考查动词。主句已有谓动，故考虑非谓语。因为此处表目的，故填to communicate
25. 考查动词。此处为非谓语的现在分词做表语，故填shocking
26. 考查连词。此处为定从修饰先行词reason，故填which/that均可
27. 考查连词。此处为介词宾语从句缺少主语，故填what
28. 考查介词。根据句意可知“…声音听起来不像我”故填like
29. 考查情态动词。由stress作主语但谓语make为原形可知此处填情态动词。再根据句意压力会使她的情况更加恶化。故填can
30. 考查代词。指代前面的case，故填that

词汇填空
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once.
Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. scale
B. unique
C. cost
D. distance
E. demonstrate
F. intrude
G. diagnoses
H. alarming
I. threaten
J. false
K. crucial

The human face is a remarkable piece of work. The astonishing variety of facial features helps people recognize each other and is ___11___ to the formation of complex societies. So is the face’s ability to send emotional signals, whether through an involuntary yawn or a(n) ___12___ smile. People spend much of their waking lives reading faces. Technology is rapidly catching up. In America facial recognition is used by churches to track worshippers’ attendance. In 2017, Welsh police used it to arrest a suspect outside a football game.
Although faces are ___13___ to individuals, they are also public, so technology does not, at first sight, ___14___ on something that is private. And yet the ability to record, store and analyze images of faces cheaply, quickly and on a vast ___15___ promises one day to bring about fundamental changes to notions of privacy, fairness and trust.
Start with privacy. One big difference between faces and other biological data, such as fingerprints, is that they work at a(n) ___16___. Anyone with a phone can take a picture for facial-recognition programs to use. Photographs of half of America’s adult population are stored in databases that can be used by the FBI to track criminals, but at enormous potential ___17___ to citizens’ privacy.
The face is not just a name-tag. It displays a lot of other information — and machines can read that, too. Again, that promises benefits. Some firms are analyzing faces to provide automated ___18___ of rare genetic disorders far earlier than would otherwise be possible. But the technology also threatens. Researchers at Stanford University ___19___ that, when shown pictures of one gay man, and one straight man, the system could identify their sexuality correctly 81% of the time. Humans managed only 61%. In countries where homosexuality is a crime, software which promises to infer sexuality from a face is a(n) ____20____ prospect.
【答案】11. K 12. J 13. B 14. F 15. A 16. D 17. C 18. G 19. E 20. H
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人脸识别技术在社会各个领域中的应用情况。
【11题详解】
考查形容词。句意：惊人的面部特征多样性帮助人们互相识别，并且对复杂社会的形成至关重要。根据上文is可知空处作表语，结合句意表示“至关重要”可知应填形容词crucial。故填crucial。故选K。
【12题详解】
考查形容词。句意：面部传递情感信号的能力也同样如此，无论是通过无意识的打哈欠还是虚假的微笑。修饰后文名词smile，结合句意表示“虚假的”应用形容词false。故填false。故选J。
【13题详解】
考查形容词。句意：虽然脸是个人独有的，但它们也是公开的，所以乍一看，技术不会侵犯隐私。根据上文are可知空处作表语，结合句意表示“独有的”应用形容词unique。故填unique。故选B。
【14题详解】
考查动词。句意：虽然脸是个人独有的，但它们也是公开的，所以乍一看，技术不会侵犯隐私。空处作谓语，结合句意表示“侵犯”可知应填动词intrude，此处为否定陈述句，应填动词原形。故填intrude。故选F。
【15题详解】
考查名词。句意：然而，廉价、快速和大规模地记录、存储和分析人脸图像的能力，承诺有一天会给隐私、公平和信任的概念带来根本性的变化。结合句意表示“大规模地”可知短语为on a vast scale。故填scale。故选A。
【16题详解】
考查名词。句意：人脸和指纹等其他生物数据的一大区别在于，它们的工作距离较远。结合句意表示“有相当距离，在远处”可知短语为at a distance。故填distance。故选D。
【17题详解】
考查名词。句意：美国一半成年人的照片被存储在数据库中，联邦调查局可以利用这些数据库来追踪罪犯，但这可能会给公民的隐私带来巨大的潜在损失。空处作宾语，结合句意表示“损失”应用不可数名词cost。故填cost。故选C。
【18题详解】
考查名词。句意：一些公司正在通过分析人脸来为罕见的遗传疾病提供自动诊断，这比其他方法可能提供的时间要早得多。空处作宾语，结合句意表示“诊断”应用名词diagnosis，diagnosis为可数名词，此处前文没有冠词，应用复数diagnoses。故填diagnoses。故选G。
【19题详解】
考查动词。句意：斯坦福大学的研究人员证明，当展示一个男同性恋和一个异性恋男子的照片时，系统可以正确识别他们的性取向，准确率达81%。空处作谓语，结合句意表示“证明”应用动词demonstrate，陈述客观事实应用一般现在时，主语为复数名词，谓语动词用原形。故填demonstrate。故选E。
【20题详解】
考查形容词。句意：在同性恋是一种犯罪行为的国家，能从人脸推断出性取向的软件前景令人担忧。修饰后文名词prospect，结合句意表示“令人担忧的”应用形容词alarming，作定语。故填alarming。故选H。
Section B：说明文阅读




The traditional tent cities at festivals such as Glastonbury may never be the same again. In a victory of green business that is certain to appeal to environmentally-aware music-lovers, a design student is to receive financial support to produce eco-friendly tents made of cardboard that can be recycled after the bands and the crowds have gone home.
Major festivals such as Glastonbury throw away some 10,000 abandoned tents at the end of events each year. For his final year project at the University of the West of England, James Dunlop came up with a material that can be recycled. And to cope with the British summer, the cardboard has been made waterproof.
Taking inspiration from a Japanese architect, who has used cardboard to make big buildings including churches, Mr. Dunlop used cardboard material for his tents, which he called Myhabs.
The design won an award at the annual New Designers Exhibition after Mr. Dunlop graduated from his product design degree and he decided to try to turn it into a business.
To raise money for the idea, he toured the City’s private companies which fund new business and found a supporter in the finance group Mint. He introduced his idea to four of Mint’s directors and won their support. Mint has committed around £500,000 to MyHab and taken a share of 30 per cent in Mr. Dunlop’s business. The first Myhabs should be tested at festivals this summer, before being marketed fully next year.
Mr. Dunlop said that the design, which accommodates two people, could have other uses, such as for disaster relief and housing for the London Olympics.
For music events, the cardboard houses will be ordered online and put up at the sites by the Myhab team before the festival-goers arrive and removed by the company afterwards. They can be personalized and the company will offer reductions on the expense if people agree to sell exterior (外部的) advertising space.
The biggest festivals attract tens of thousands of participants, with Glastonbury having some 150,000 each year. Altogether there are around 100 annual music festivals where people camp in the UK. The events are becoming increasingly environmentally conscious.
76. “Eco-friendly tents” in paragraph 1 refer to tents _______.
A. economically desirable B. favorable to the environment
C. for holding music performances D. designed for disaster relief
77. Mr. Dunlop established his business ______.
A. independently with an interest-free loan from Mint
B. with the approval of the City’s administration
C. in partnership with a finance group
D. with the help of a Japanese architect
78. It is implied in the passage that _______.
A. the weather in the UK is changeable in summer
B. most performances at British festivals are given in the open air
C. the cardboard tents produced by Mr. Dunlop can be user-tailored
D. cardboard tents can be easily put up and removed by users.
79. The passage is mainly concerned with ______.
A. an attempt at developing recyclable tents
B. some efforts at making full use of cardboards
C. an unusual success of a graduation project
D. the effects of using cardboard tents on music festivals
76.答案：B
解析：这是一道推断题。根据第一段“a design student is to receive financial support to produce eco-friendly tents made of cardboard that can be recycled after the bands and the crowds have gone home.”可知这种纸板做的帐篷可以回收，所以是有利于环境保护的。
77.答案：C
解析：这是一道推断题。根据第五段“Mint has committed around 500 000 to MyHab and taken a share of 30 percent in Mr.Dunlop’s business.” 可知Mr.Dunlop和Mint是合作方式，Mint提供500 000，分获30%的收益。
78.答案：C
解析：这是一道推断题。根据倒数第二段“They can be personalized”可知用户可以对帐篷进行定制。
79.答案：A
解析：这是一道主旨题。本文主要介绍了Mr.Dunlop发明了一种用纸板制作的可回收的帐篷，以解决节日后大量帐篷被丢弃污染环境的问题。
Section C：六选四阅读




The New Year is slowly nearing, and many people are looking back to 2020 and more importantly, forward to the coming year 2021. People may use the New Year as a time to turn over a new leaf. Are you planning to make a New Year Resolution? Here are a few tips for preparing to be successful with all your New Year Resolutions.
1. A Single Change Is Enough
You can’t stick to two to three resolutions at a time. You would eventually break one of them for sure. ___47___. Don’t get overwhelmed and think that you have to reassess everything in your life. But, don’t break that one resolution you make, because that is important.
2. Write Down Your Resolutions
Once you have decided on your achievable resolutions, write them down. It helps to write down your resolution so you can refer back to it often during the year. ___48___. Also, by writing it down, you will be able to review it often and evaluate your progress since the time the resolution was made.
4. Ask For Support
Tell a friend or your loved ones whom you trust about your resolution. They will provide you with support and keep you focused on your goal. And if you are wavering at all, their support will ensure you don’t give up easily. Besides, it is advisable to join an online support group for specific resolutions such as losing weight, giving up chocolate, or training for the next marathon. ___49___. In turn, be sure to help boost other people’s resolutions!
5. Accept Failure
It is true that perfection is what people pursue. ___50___. Don’t give up completely because you ate a brownie and broke your diet or skipped the gym, for a week because you were busy. You must accept anything that comes your way. It is not easy to stick to something that requires lot of patience and will. Everyone has ups and downs; resolve to recover from your mistakes and get back on the right track.
A. But minor missteps when reaching your goals are completely normal and OK.
B. Having someone to share your struggles and successes makes your journey much easier and less stressful.
C. When you are doing well at keeping your resolution, you may discover that you are feeling better about other areas of your life too.
D. Instead of making too many resolutions, simply make one resolution at a time.
E. You can even make a contract with yourself stating what you will set out to do and sign it to make it official.
F. Don’t complain about small things in life, because that only spoils your mood.
【答案】47. D 48. E 49. B 50. A
【解析】本文是说明文，主要针对如何实现新年愿望提出了建议。
【47题详解】
根据第一部分的标题“Single Change Is Enough”单一的改变就足够了，和上文“You can’t stick to two to three resolutions at a time.” 你不能一次坚持两到三个愿望。可知，上文建议只做一个改变。D项说“与其制定太多的愿望，不如一次只做一个。”D项承接上文，选项的make one resolution at a time对应上文的A Single Change，故选D项。
【48题详解】
根据前文“It helps to write down your resolution so you can refer back to it often during the year” 写下你的愿望会有帮助，这样你在一年中就可以经常回顾它。前文建议写下自己的愿望。E项说“你甚至可以和自己签订一份合同，说明你将要做什么，然后签字以使其正式生效”，两处都提到了写下愿望，E项承接上文，write down your resolution对应 make a contract with yourself 。故选 E项。
【49题详解】
根据前文“Tell a friend or your loved ones whom you trust about your resolution. They will provide you with support and keep you focused on your goal.” 把你的愿望 告诉你的朋友或你信任的人。他们会为你提供支持，让你专注于你的目标。此处建议跟朋友分析自己的愿望，得到朋友的支持。B项说“Having someone to share your struggles and successes makes your journey much easier and less stressful” 有人分享你的奋斗和成功会让你的旅程更轻松，压力更小。两处都提到了和人分享，B项承接上文，Tell a friend or your loved ones对应 share your struggles and successes 。故选B项。
【50题详解】
根据第五点的标题“Accept failure”接受失败和后文“It is true that perfection is what people pursue” 完美是人们追求的，这是事实。A项说“但在实现目标时犯些小错误是完全正常的”。A项与上文构成转折关系。Accept failure对应normal and OK。故选A项。

Section D：概要写作


Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Children Deserve Arts Education
Children are introduced to the arts in many different ways. Participation in the arts improves personal confidence, problem solving skills, and even memorization and social skills. As young brains develop, it is vital that the creative side of the brain receive equal attention to the logical side of the brain to ensure maximum education. Unfortunately, there are those who believe creativity holds little or no value. However, they could never be farther from the truth.
According to a National Education Association research report, “Teenagers and young adults of low socioeconomic status (SES), who have a history of in-depth arts involvement, show better academic outcomes than low-SES youth with less arts involvement.” This research report shows that the arts strengthen the academic hemisphere of the brain. According to recent studies, as the brain focuses on math problems or reading, only certain areas of their brain are activated. However, when teenagers and young adults are listening to music, drawing a picture or engaging the mind creatively, multiple areas of the brain are working at the same time. As a result, more areas of the brain are strengthened, resulting in stronger overall brain activity.
With all the benefits of arts education, it is shocking that some educational boards still believe sufficient education can be reached without the benefits of the arts. In January 2017, the Utah State Board of Education released an official command that added two classes to the school curriculum, requiring all students between sixth and eighth grades to take those courses. This in turn limited the opportunity for the students to take elective arts courses. This command created an uproar among parents and teachers in Canyon School District and—thanks to protests—was not put into effect.
Participation in the arts is one of the most precious gifts we can give our children. It brings them joy, creativity and helps them excel academically. Our education system is weakening the critical role the arts have in education. If we limit the arts within school systems, we take away our children’s chances of present and future accomplishments. We cannot do that. Our children need to have every opportunity to expand their minds through the means of the arts. We must give our youth the opportunities and advantages to reach their highest goals and dreams if we are to secure a bright future for generations to come.
【答案】Art is beneficial for children in many ways, especially creativity. According to studies, art can strengthen brain’s academic hemisphere, activating multiple areas. Although the benefits of art education are denied by some experts, it is undeniable that it is one of the most precious gifts for children, which cannot be deprived from them.
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章指出，艺术在很多方面都对孩子有益，尤其是创造力。研究表明，艺术可以加强大脑的学术半球，激活多个区域。尽管一些专家否认艺术教育的好处，但不可否认的是，它是孩子们最珍贵的礼物之一，是不能从他们身上剥夺的。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①Participation in the arts improves personal confidence, problem solving skills, and even memorization and social skills.
②As young brains develop, it is vital that the creative side of the brain receive equal attention to the logical side of the brain to ensure maximum education.
③This research report shows that the arts strengthen the academic hemisphere of the brain.
④However, when teenagers and young adults are listening to music, drawing a picture or engaging the mind creatively, multiple areas of the brain are working at the same time. As a result, more areas of the brain are strengthened, resulting in stronger overall brain activity.
⑤With all the benefits of arts education, it is shocking that some educational boards still believe sufficient education can be reached without the benefits of the arts.
⑥Participation in the arts is one of the most precious gifts we can give our children. It brings them joy, creativity and helps them excel academically.
⑦Our children need to have every opportunity to expand their minds through the means of the arts. We must give our youth the opportunities and advantages to reach their highest goals and dreams if we are to secure a bright future for generations to come.
2.缜密构思
整合1，2和3，4要点，整合并重组5，6，7要点
3.遣词造句
Art is beneficial for children in many ways, especially creativity.
According to studies, art can strengthen brain’s academic hemisphere, activating multiple areas.
Although the benefits of art education are denied by some experts, it is undeniable that it is one of the most precious gifts for children, which cannot be deprived from them.
【点睛】[高分句型1]According to studies, art can strengthen brain’s academic hemisphere, activating multiple areas. 用现在分词作状语，对第二段的主要内容进行总结。
[高分句型2]Although the benefits of art education are denied by some experts, it is undeniable that it is one of the most precious gifts for children, which cannot be deprived from them.用一个让步状语、主语从句和定语从句对最后两段的主要内容进行总结。

Section E：句子翻译



1. 三十岁出头的Andrew是个快乐的小伙子，他在悉尼担任渡轮领航员为生。（pilot）
【答案】Andrew, a cheerful fellow in his early 30s, pilots Sydney ferry boats for a living.
2. 爬上山顶，你就能俯瞰整个城市了。（view）
【答案】Climbing to the top of the mountain , you can have a good view of the whole city.
【详解】考查非谓语、动词名词和短语。表示“爬上山顶”应用短语climbing to the top of the mountain,在本句中作状语；表示“你就能俯瞰整个城市了”应用句子you can have a good view of the whole city。故翻译为Climbing to the top of the mountain , you can have a good view of the whole city。
3. 这只训练有素的警犬对任何声响都很警觉，所以它一定能胜任这项任务。(alert)
【答案】The well-trained police dog is alert to any sound, so it is sure to be qualified for the task/mission.
详解】考查动词、短语和名词。表示“这只训练有素的警犬”是The well-trained police dog；表示“对任何声响都很警觉”短语为is alert to any sound；表示“一定能胜任这项任务”短语为be sure to be qualified for the task/mission。故翻译为The well-trained police dog is alert to any sound, so it is sure to be qualified for the task/mission.
4. 这个年轻人不顾信用卡的欠款，一拿到工资就去买了最新款手机。( Scarcely)
【答案】Scarcely had this young man got paid when he went out and bought the newest phone, regardless of the credit card debt.
【详解】考查固定句型和部分倒装。表示“一……就……”句型为Scarcely…when…，Scarcely位于句首需用部分倒装，主语为this young man；表示“拿到工资”应用get paid，此处用现在完成时；表示“去买了最新款手机”应用go out and buy the newest phone，为一般过去时；表示“不顾信用卡的欠款”翻译为regardless of the credit card debt。故翻译为Hardly had this young man got paid when he went out and bought the newest phone,regardless of the credit card debt.
5. 加入付费内容肯定会对知乎产生重大影响，因为大多数用户坚持认为知乎是一个可以免费分享知识的平台。 （difference）
【答案】The addition of paid content will certainly make a significant difference to Zhihu, as most users insist that zhihu is a platform for sharing knowledge for free.
【详解】考查短语、时态、名词性从句和状语从句。 paid content付费内容；make a difference有影响；for free免费。insist为及物动词，后接宾语从句，从句不缺少成分且句意完整，所以用连接代词that。as因为，引导原因状语从句。根据句意，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。故翻译为The addition of paid content will certainly make a significant difference to Zhihu, as most users insist that zhihu is a platform for sharing knowledge for free.