【备战2023高考】英语全复习——专题17：阅读理解主旨大意题 -精讲精练（上海用）

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►专题17 阅读理解主旨大意题高分技巧+高考题型组合练
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考点精讲







【考情链接】
主旨大意题考查考生对文章内容的深层次理解，它要求考生在充分理解全文的前提下，对整篇文章的主旨大意有一个较为清晰的印象, 既考查细节理解能力, 又考查深层次的推理、概括能力,难度较大。
题型和考查角度：
1.主题类：文章大意题和段落大意题(概括文章或段落的主旨大意)
2.标题类：标题判断题（选择最佳标题）。

命题方式 ：
What is the text mainly about?
What is the best title for the text?
What can be a suitable title for the text?
What's the first/second/third....paragraph mainly about?
What's the main idea discussed in the first/second/third/.. paragraph?

正确选项特点：
1.涵盖性强，覆盖全文或者整个段落内容。
2.精确性强，能恰当表达原文主题和中心思想
3.短小醒目，这是标题类选项的特点，是文章的点睛之笔。

干扰项特点：
1.覆盖面太大，超出了短文论述的范围
2.以偏概全，涉及的只是短文的某一部分或者某一个细节，或是某一个段落的要点或者部分。
3.与短文有交集，但偏离文章或者段落主旨。

【要点梳理】
Ø 考点一：文章大意类
寻找主题句确定文章大意。主题句的位置一般有以下几种：
(1)主题句出现在文首。文章开门见山，给出了主题句，随之用细节对其进行解释、支撑。
(2)主题句出现在文末。文章先表述细节，之后在文末归纳概括出主题。
(3)主题句首尾呼应。为突出主题，作者先提出主题，结尾时再次升华主题。
(4)主题句出现在文章的中间。文章首先提出问题，对问题进行描述，讨论之后在文章的中间部分给出主题句，而后又做进一步的解释。
【例题】（2022虹口二模）
People with a rare genetic disorder known as Prader-Willi syndrome never feel full, and this excess hunger can lead to life-threatening obesity (肥胖症). Scientists studying the problem have now found that the fist-shaped structure known as the cerebellum (小脑) -- which had not previously been linked to hunger -- is key to regulating satiation (饱食) in those with this condition.
46. What does the passage mainly talk about?
A. How our brain controls overeating.
B. How the aDCN works up our appetite.
C. How Prader-Willi syndrome can be prevented.
D. How lowering food intake benefits our overall health.
【答案】46. A
【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Scientists studying the problem have now found that the fist-shaped structure known as the cerebellum (小脑) -- which had not previously been linked to hunger -- is key to regulating satiation (饱食) in those with this condition.( 研究这一问题的科学家现在发现，被称为小脑的拳头状结构——此前从未与饥饿联系在一起——是调节这种疾病患者饱腹感的关键。)”及后文内容可知，文章主要讲大脑可以调节饱腹感，从而控制过度饮食。故选A。

【例题】（2022闵行二模）
Search engines have changed the way we use the Internet, putting vast sources of information just a few clicks away. But Harvard professor of psychology Line Daniel Wegner’s recent research proves that websites and the Internet are changing much more than technology itself. They are changing the way our memories function.
Wegner’s latest study shows that when people have access to search engines, they remember fewer facts and less information because they know they can rely on “search” as a readily available shortcut.
63. Which of the following statements can be the best idea of the passage?
A. Relying on technology has weakened our critical thinking.
B. People heavily depend on computer for storing information.
C. Human’s capacity for memory is much weaker than it was before.
D. Computers and technology are reshaping the functions of our brain.
【答案】63. D
【解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Search engines have changed the way we use the Internet, putting vast sources of information just a few clicks away. But Harvard professor of psychology Line Daniel Wegner’s recent research proves that websites and the Internet are changing much more than technology itself. They are changing the way our memories function.(搜索引擎已经改变了我们使用互联网的方式，只需点击几下鼠标就可以获得大量的信息。但哈佛大学心理学教授Line Daniel Wegner最近的研究证明，网站和互联网的改变远远不止技术本身)”结合文章主要说明了计算机和技术正在重塑我们大脑的功能，介绍了研究开展的过程以及意义。可知，D选项“计算机和技术正在重塑我们大脑的功能”最符合文章大意。故选D。

【例题】 （2022浦东二模）
Given its role in helping restore physiological peace, it appears that regardless of whether someone has BPD or not, it can be beneficial to learn to label your emotions. When you’re starting down the pathway of experiencing a negative emotion, you can benefit by applying an accurate label to that emotion as opposed to holding it back or calling it something else. This can potentially prevent engagement in destructive behaviors that may function to downregulate emotion such as self-harm.
To sum up, this new information about BPD can offer hope that at least one key element of the emotion regulation process appears to function effectively. Building on this strength could very well provide a new and unexplored pathway for their satisfaction.
66. What is the passage mainly about?
A. A new pathway of regulating emotions.
B. A method of consciously labeling emotions.
C. An unexpected strength of people with BPD.
D. An involuntary reaction to people with BPD.
【答案】 66. C
【解析】主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合倒数第二段首句“Given its role in helping restore physiological peace, it appears that regardless of whether someone has BPD or not, it can be beneficial to learn to label your emotions.(考虑到BPD在帮助恢复生理平静方面的作用，似乎不管一个人是否患有BPD，学会给自己的情绪贴上标签都是有益的)”及最后一段中“To sum up, this new information about BPD can offer hope that at least one key element of the emotion regulation process appears to function effectively. Building on this strength could very well provide a new and unexplored pathway for their satisfaction.(综上所述，BPD的新信息可以提供希望，情绪调节过程中至少有一个关键因素有效发挥作用。建立在这一优势的基础上，可以很好地为他们的满意度提供一条新的、未被探索的途径)”可知，文章主要讲述患有边缘性人格障碍的人令人意想不到的一个优势。故选C项。

【例题】 （2019虹口二模）
Too often, we measure our worth not by the results we achieve, but by how much of our time we spend. We live crazy lives, at least in part, because it makes us feel good about ourselves.
66. What does the passage mainly concerned with?
A. The measurement of wealth in the current society.
B. The evolution of people’s attitude towards busyness.
C. The hidden reasons and effects of people’s busyness.
D. The solution to prioritizing the crucial tasks in busyness.
【答案】 66. C
【解析】主旨大意题。根据最后一段Too often, we measure our worth not by the results we achieve, but by how much of our time we spend. We live crazy lives, at least in part, because it makes us feel good about ourselves.“很多时候，我们衡量自己的价值不是看我们取得了什么成果，而是看我们花了多少时间。我们过着疯狂的生活，至少在一定程度上是因为它让我们自我感觉良好。”可知，本文讲述的是人们忙碌背后的原因和影响。故选C。

【例题】（2022金山二模）
Search engines have changed the way we use the Internet, putting vast sources of information just a few clicks away. But Harvard professor of psychology Line Daniel Wegner’s recent research proves that websites and the Internet are changing much more than technology itself. They are changing the way our memories function.
Wegner’s latest study shows that when people have access to search engines, they remember fewer facts and less information because they know they can rely on “search” as a readily available shortcut.
63. Which of the following statements can be the best idea of the passage?
A. Relying on technology has weakened our critical thinking.
B. People heavily depend on computer for storing information.
C. Human’s capacity for memory is much weaker than it was before.
D. Computers and technology are reshaping the functions of our brain.
【答案】63. D
【解析】
主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Search engines have changed the way we use the Internet, putting vast sources of information just a few clicks away. But Harvard professor of psychology Line Daniel Wegner’s recent research proves that websites and the Internet are changing much more than technology itself. They are changing the way our memories function.(搜索引擎已经改变了我们使用互联网的方式，只需点击几下鼠标就可以获得大量的信息。但哈佛大学心理学教授Line Daniel Wegner最近的研究证明，网站和互联网的改变远远不止技术本身)”结合文章主要说明了计算机和技术正在重塑我们大脑的功能，介绍了研究开展的过程以及意义。可知，D选项“计算机和技术正在重塑我们大脑的功能”最符合文章大意。故选D。

Ø 考点二：段落大意类
通过结构或暗示概括段落大意。(1)根据逻辑结构概括段落大意：要准确概括段落大意，务必知道该段落的逻辑结构。如该段为总分顺序组织，则主题句在段首；如该段为分总顺序组织，则主题句在段尾；如该段为分总分顺序组织，则主题句在段中；如该段对比各事物，则其异同点即为该段大意。
(2)通过暗示揣摩段落大意：有时，作者不直接写出主题句，而是通过情感态度等方法暗示性地体现主题，此时要根据文中所叙述的事实和线索综合判断去揣摩并概括出段落大意。

【例题】（2022杨浦二模）
“We know that narrative has the power to transport us to another world,” says Guilherme Brockington from Brazil’s Federal University. “Earlier research suggested that stories help children process and regulate their emotions — but this was mostly conducted in a laboratory, with subjects answering questions while lying inside functional MRI machines. There are few studies on biological and psychological effects of storytelling in a more commonplace hospital setting.”
63. What is the second paragraph mainly about?
A. The effects of story-telling on children.
B. The limitations of the earlier research.
C. The methods used in earlier studies.
D. The major breakthroughs achieved so far.
【答案】63. B
主旨大意题。根据第二段的“Earlier research suggested that stories help children process and regulate their emotions — but this was mostly conducted in a laboratory, with subjects answering questions while lying inside functional MRI machines. There are few studies on biological and psychological effects of storytelling in a more commonplace hospital setting.(早些时候的研究表明，故事有助于儿童处理和调节他们的情绪——但这主要是在实验室中进行的，受试者躺在功能性核磁共振成像仪里回答问题。很少有关于在更常见的医院环境中讲故事对生物和心理影响的研究。)”可知，第二段主要讲的是早期研究的局限性。故选B。

【例题】（2021长宁一模）
The first thing we notice about new people are their faces.The next time we see these people, we remember them because we remember their faces. This seems like a simple process. However, scientists found that it is not such a simple process. The section of the brain that is responsible for face recognition seems to work differently for different people. Some people have great difficulty remembering and recognizing faces, while others almost never forget a face.
56. The first paragraph is mainly about ___________________________.
A. the way to improve one’s face-recognition skills 　　
B. the fact that some people have face-recognition problems
C. the simple process of the brain to recognize others’ faces
D. the importance of face recognition in human communication
【答案】56.B
【解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Some people have great difficulty remembering and recognizing faces, while others almost never forget a face.”（有些人很难记住和辨认面孔，而另一些人几乎永远不会忘记面孔。）可知，第一段主要想说明，事实上，有些人有面部识别问题。故选B项。

Ø 考点三：标题归纳类
三大方法定标题。①正面肯定法：在理解文章主旨的基础上，揣摩哪个选项能准确概括主旨；②反面否定法：撇开原文，设想各选项写出来应是什么样的文章，然后和原文比对，逐一排除不符项；③研读备选项：认真研读备选项里的中心词、结构、概括性、修饰词的变化，查看与中心思想是否相符。
【例题】 （2022崇明二模）
China’s policy of planting trees is likely playing a significant role in tempering its climate impacts. An international team has identified two areas in the country where the scale of carbon dioxide absorption by new forests has been underestimated. Taken together, these areas account for a little over 35% of China’s entire land carbon “sink”, the group says.
66. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?
A. Greenhouse Gas Emission Largely Reduced
B. Roles of Carbon Sinks Proved by New Study
C. China’s Forest Carbon Absorption Underestimated
D. Climate Impacts Balanced Due to China’s Afforestation
【答案】 66. C
【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“China’s policy of planting trees is likely playing a significant role in tempering its climate impacts. An international team has identified two areas in the country where the scale of carbon dioxide absorption by new forests has been underestimated. Taken together, these areas account for a little over 35% of China’s entire land carbon “sink”, the group says.(中国的植树政策可能在缓和气候影响方面发挥了重要作用。一个国际小组已经在该国确定了两个地区，这些地区的新森林吸收二氧化碳的规模被低估了。该组织称，这些地区加起来占中国整个土地碳“汇”的35%多一点。)”可知，本文主要讲的是中国森林碳汇的规模被低估以及关于中国森林碳汇的新的研究，因此最好的题目是C选项“China’s Forest Carbon Absorption Underestimated(中国森林碳吸收被低估)”，故选C。

【例题】（2021崇明一模）
But Disney’s story actually started two decades earlier with what Walt Disney called "Daddy’s Day". On Saturdays in the 1930s and 1940s, Disney would take his two daughters to ride the Griffith Park merry-go-round, which they’d enjoy while he sat on a bench dreaming of ways for families to have fun together. Disney disliked the amusement parks they often visited, seeing them as dirty, unimaginative places run by rude employees.
Disneyland opened then. The 5,000 expected guests increased to 28,154, thanks to fake tickets. After the madness of opening day, Disney and his new park were criticized in the press. The media predicted a quick and early end. But the public didn’t listen. Visitors arrived in large groups, and within weeks Disneyland was a success.
Over sixty years later, Disneyland’s popularity continues to grow, with total overall attendance topping 700 million and showing no signs of slowing down.
59. Which is the best title for the passage?
A. Disneyland: How It All Began B. Disneyland: An Overnight Success
C. Disneyland: How It Developed D. Disneyland: A Park with a Long History
【答案】 59. A
【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章第二段中句子“But Disney’s story actually started two decades earlier with what Walt Disney called "Daddy’s Day". ”（但实际上，迪士尼的故事始于20年前沃尔特·迪士尼所谓的“爸爸节”。）和倒数第二段第一句“Disneyland opened then.”迪士尼开业了可知，整篇文章都在写迪士尼是如何开始并建成的故事。所以短文的最佳标题为“迪士尼乐园:一切是如何开始的”。故选A项。
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重点小练







【典例1】　
Much information can be clearly conveyed，purely through our eyes，so the expression “eyes also talk” is often heard.
Can you recall any experience that further proves this statement？On a bus you may quickly glance at a stranger, but not make eye contact. If he senses that he is being stared at, he may feel uncomfortable.
It is the same in daily life. If you are looked at for more than necessary, you will look at yourself up and down to see if there is anything wrong with you. If nothing goes wrong, you will feel angry about other's stare at you that way. Eyes do speak, right?
Looking too long at someone may seem to be rude and aggressive. But things are different when it comes to staring at the opposite sex. If a man looks at a woman for more than 10 seconds and refuses to avert his gaze, his intentions are obvious. That is, he wishes to attract her attention, to make her understand that he is admiring her.
However, the normal eye contact for two people engaged in conversation is that the speaker will only look at the listener from time to time, in order to make sure that the listener does pay attention to what the former is speaking, to tell him that he is attentive.
If a speaker looks at you continuously when speaking, as if he tries to dominate you，you will feel disconcerted. A poor liar usually exposes himself by looking too long at the victim，since he believes the false idea that to look straight in the eye is a sign of honest communication.
In fact，continuous eye contact is confined to lovers only，who will enjoy looking at each other tenderly for a long time, to show affection that words cannot express.
Evidently, eye contact should be done according to the relationship between two people and specific situation.
What may be the best title for the text?
A．Eyes Can Speak.
B．Eye Contact Matters.
C．Don't Stare at Others.
D．Use Your Eye Contact.
【答案】　A
【解析】　标题归纳题。根据文中第一段的相关内容再结合下文对“眼睛会说话”这一观点进行举例说明可知，文章的标题就是“眼睛会说话”，故选A项。
【典例2】
For some people, music is no fun at all. About four percent of the population is what scientists call “amusic.” People who are amusic are born without the ability to recognize or reproduce musical notes (音调). Amusic people often cannot tell the difference between two songs. Amusics can only hear the difference between two notes if they are very far apart on the musical scale.
As a result, songs sound like noise to an amusic. Many amusics compare the sound of music to pieces of metal hitting each other. Life can be hard for amusics. Their inability to enjoy music set them apart from others. It can be difficult for other people to identify with their condition. In fact, most people cannot begin to grasp what it feels like to be amusic. Just going to a restaurant or a shopping mall can be uncomfortable or even painful. That is why many amusics intentionally stay away from places where there is music. However, this can result in withdrawal and social isolation. “I used to hate parties,” says Margaret, a seventy-year-old woman who only recently discovered that she was amusic. By studying people like Margaret, scientists are finally learning how to identify this unusual condition.
Scientists say that the brains of amusics are different from the brains of people who can appreciate music. The difference is complex, and it doesn’t involve defective hearing. Amusics can understand other nonmusical sounds well. They also have no problems understanding ordinary speech. Scientists compare amusics to people who just can’t see certain colors.
Many amusics are happy when their condition is finally diagnosed (诊断). For years, Margaret felt embarrassed about her problem with music. Now she knows that she is not alone. There is a name for her condition. That makes it easier for her to explain. “When people invite me to a concert, I just say, “No thanks, I’m ‘amusic,’” says Margaret. “I just wish I had learned to say that when I was seventeen and not seventy.” What is the passage mainly concerned with?
A. Amusics’ strange behaviours. B. Some people’s inability to enjoy music.
C. Musical talent and brain structure. D. Identification and treatment of amusics.
【答案】　B
【解析】　主旨大意。整篇文章主要讲述―一些人没有欣赏音乐的能力.要准确深刻地理解一篇文章，则必须对文章的结构有所了解，把握全篇的文脉。文章的第一段告诉读者：大约4%的人音乐对于他们而言，没有任何乐趣可言，他们没有辨别与再现音调的能力；第二段讲述歌曲对于没有乐感的人来说听起来像噪音，以及由此给他们的生活带来的不便；第三段分析了原因，是因为他们的大脑与能欣赏音乐的人的大脑不同造成的，但这又不同于有听力障碍的人；最后一段以Margaret为例，说明他们的这种状况最终得以诊断。因此，可以排除A项―没有乐感的人奇怪行为C项―音乐才能与大脑结构以及D项―没乐感的人的区别与治疗，锁定答案B项。

【典例3】
Viewing childhood development as a scientific investigation throws light on how children learn，but it also offers an inspiring look at science and scientists.Why do young children and scientists seem to be so much alike? Psychologists have suggested that science as an effort—the desire to explore, explain, and understand our world—is simply something that comes from our babyhood.Perhaps evolution provided human babies with curiosity and a natural drive to explain their worlds, and adult scientists simply make use of the same drive that served them as children.The same cognitive(认知的) systems that make young children feel good about figuring something out may have been adopted by adult scientists.As some psychologists put it, “It is not that children are little scientists but that scientists are big children.”
What is the main idea of the last paragraph?
A．The world may be more clearly explained through children’s play.
B．Studying babies’ play may lead to a better understanding of science.
C．Children may have greater ability to figure out things than scientists.
D．One’s drive for scientific research may become stronger as he grows.
【答案】　B
【解析】　段落大意题。根据本段内容尤其是第一句可知，本段主要讲“研究孩子的游戏可以让人们更好地理解科学”，故选B。
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好题必测





A
Katie always wanted to be a performer. She, the youngest of, the three kids from Cleveland, was crazy about musicals and Disney movies from an early age and would often watch them singing with her mom, Karen. However, Katie’s happy childhood took a turn when her mother was diagnosed(诊断)with cancer. When the doctor informed the family that Karen’s disease was terminal, they decided to make a trip to Disney World.
The family spared no expense for their once-in-a-lifetime vacation and stayed at Disney’s hotel for eight nights. They spent their days in the parks, seeing the sights, greening characters, all the while pushing Karen in her wheelchair and watching her face light up with joy. They all shared in the merriment of experiencing the parks for the first time with Karen. The trip to Disney World at the height of Karen’s battle with cancer slowed them to escape into a world of magic and laughter. This was the day Katie decided she wanted to work for Disney.
Sadly, Karen lost the battle and died later, but the whole family remembered her every day and often thought of that Disney vacation Katie went on to go after her dream. After she received her degree in musical theater, she struggled for years, working as a waitress and trying to be a performer. Her hard work finally paid off when she was hired to work for Disney.
As a Disney performer Katie is aware that many other families visit the parks and have similar stories to her own. She encourages everyone, especially children, who may be experiencing a hard time. “Every moment -is meant for you, even the painful ones.” she says. “It’s just like in your favorite Disney movie: There is always some kind of conflict or hardship or pressure. Remember to celebrate those moments, too, because they are taking you to whatever your version of a happy ending is.”
4. What made Katie decide to work for Disney?
A. The dream that she wanted to live a lire full magic.
B. The memory that she watched Disney movies as a kid.
C. The great joy the Disney vacation brought to her family.
D. The great courage her mother showed in fighting cancer.
5. Which of the following words best describe Katie?
A. Kind and curious. B. Patient and helpful.
C. Strict and independent. D. Tough and determined.
6. What message does Katie convey in the last paragraph?
A. Sweet is pleasure after pain. B. Experience must be bought.
C. Many drops make a shower. D. Good medicine tastes bitter.
【答案】4. C 5. D 6. A
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。本文介绍了Katie Whetsell从小想当一个表演者，但是她9岁时，母亲被诊断出癌症，于是她们一家决定去迪士尼度过一段梦想的假期，在这趟旅行中，给家人带来了巨大的快乐，这让Katie有了一个新的梦想，就是为迪士尼工作。在为迪士尼工作的10年期间里，Katie的工作就是给来自世界各地的家庭带来快乐。在2003年，母亲去世后，Katie继续追求自己的演艺生涯，最后取得了成功，但是她从未忘记一个事实，就是她每天都给许多人带来快乐。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中The trip to Disney World at the height of Karen’s battle with cancer slowed them to escape into a world of magic and laughter. This was the day Katie decided she wanted to work for Disney.可知在Karen与癌症斗争最激烈的时候，他们去了迪士尼乐园，这让他们放慢了脚步，进入了一个充满魔法和欢笑的世界。就在那天，Katie决定要为迪斯尼工作。由此可知，迪士尼假期给她的家庭带来了巨大的快乐，让Katie决定为迪斯尼工作。故选C。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段After she received her degree in musical theater, she struggled for years, working as a waitress and trying to be a performer. Her hard work finally paid off when she was hired to work for Disney.可知Katie的母亲得了癌症去世后，Katie也没有自暴自弃而是勇敢去追求她的梦想，说明她是一个坚强的人。后来Katie继续追求自己的演艺生涯，经过一番努力，最后取得了成功，说明她是个有决心的人。由此可推知，Katie是个坚强和有决心的人。故选D。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中She encourages everyone, especially children, who may be experiencing a hard time. “Every moment -is meant for you, even the painful ones.” she says. “It’s just like in your favorite Disney movie: There is always some kind of conflict or hardship or pressure. Remember to celebrate those moments, too, because they are taking you to whatever your version of a happy ending is.”可知她鼓励每个人，尤其是孩子们，因为他们可能正在经历一段艰难的时期。“每一刻都是为你准备的，即使是那些痛苦的时刻。”她说。“这就像你最喜欢的迪斯尼电影一样：总是有一些冲突、困难或压力。记住，也要庆祝这些时刻，因为它们会带你走向你心目中的幸福结局。”由此可推知，Katie在最后一段中传达了“苦尽甘来”的意思。故选A。
B
◆Protect the natural and cultural heritage. Don’t damage or deface any buildings，displays and other facilities. Take care of all plants. Put rubbish in the bins provided.
◆Take care when you are going up and down steps or stairs and when you are walking nearby the waters.
◆Please buy tickets before entering the scenic spot. One ticket is only for one person. Adult：＄60 per ticket. Children over 6 and under 18，half price. People over 60 and children under 6 are free.
◆If you are going into the wooded and hilly lands，for your own safety，please go with three people at least and don't take any tinder(易燃物）along with you. The hill is steep so please take care of yourself.
◆This scenic spot is the reserve of water source: No fishing，swimming，washing and any behaviors that are harmful to the water source. Meanwhile，please follow the management rules of the scenic spot conscientiously.
◆Opening time：From Monday to Friday，8：00 a. m.～18：00 p.m.；From Saturday to Sunday，6：00 a. m:一24：00 p. m.
◆Small animals such as rabbits，peacocks，squirrels，frogs must be taken care of: None of them shall be killed.
If you have any trouble in visiting our world natural park，please call 477一866一7044．Our staff will do our best to help you.
44. How much will be paid for a 65-year-old man with his 8-year-old grandson?
A. Free. B. ＄30.
C. ＄60. D. ＄120.
45. From the passage，we can infer that the water in this park is＿．
A. clean B. polluted
C. dangerous D. colorful
46. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage？
A. Tourists can hike alone in the hilly lands.
B. Small animals are under protection in the park.
C. Children can play with small animals.
D. Tourists can have a swim in the water.
【答案】44. B 45. A 46. B
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍一所世界自然公园是世界上最著名的公园之一，每年都有来自于不同国家的百万游客参观这个公园，为了保护公园，制定了几项制度，希望游客遵守。
【44题详解】
细节理解题。由第三条规则中的句子Adult：＄60 per ticket. Children over 6 and under 18，half price. People over 60 and children under 6 are free可知，一个65岁的老人是免费的，8岁的孙子半价，将支付＄30，故选B项。
【45题详解】
推理判断题。由第一条规则Protect the natural and cultural heritage. Don’t damage or deface any buildings，dis-plays and other facilities. Take care of all plants. Put rubbish in the bins provided(保护自然和文化遗产。切勿损坏或损毁任何建筑物、游乐设施及其他设施。照顾好所有的植物。把垃圾放在提供的垃圾箱里)可推断，这个公园的水是干净的，故选A项。
【46题详解】
推理判断题。由最后一条规则Small animals such as rabbits，peacocks，squirrels，frogs must be taken care of: None of them shall be killed(小动物，如兔子、孔雀、松鼠、青蛙等，必须爱护，不得宰杀)可知，小动物在公园里受到保护。故选B项。
C
　　California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s, according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor.
　　The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46, 000 square miles of California forests, the new study finds. No area was spared or unaffected, from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles. In the Sierra high country, the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent; in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent.
　　Many factors contributed to the decline, said Patrick McIntyre, an ecologist who was the lead author of the study. Woodcutters targeted big trees. Housing development pushed into the woods. Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources.
　　But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010, McIntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development.
　　The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage. The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed, taking into account such things as rainfall, air temperature, dampness of soil, and the timing of snowmelt(融雪).
　　Since the 1930s, McIntyre said, the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air, and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season.
1. What is the second paragraph mainly about?
A. The seriousness of big-tree loss in California.
B. The increasing variety of California big trees.
C. The distribution of big trees in California forests.
D. The influence of farming on big trees in California.
2. Which of the following is well-intentioned but may be bad for big trees?
A. Ecological studies of forests.
B. Banning woodcutting.
C. Limiting housing development.
D. Fire control measures.
3. What is a major cause of the water shortage according to McIntyre?
A. Inadequate snowmelt.
B. A longer dry season.
C. A warmer climate.
D. Dampness of the air.
4. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. California’s Forests: Where Have All the Big Trees Gone?
B. Cutting of Big Trees to Be Prohibited in California Soon
C. Why Are the Big Trees Important to California Forests?
D. Patrick McIntyre: Grow More Big Trees in California
【答案】ADCA
【解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。根据一项研究显示, 自20世纪30年代以来, 加利福尼亚州已经损失了一半的大树, 而气候变化似乎是其主要因素。
1.【解析】选A。主旨大意题。第二段中, 作者用具体数据说明了大树损失在各个地区的严重程度, 没有任何地区幸免或不受影响。
2.【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句Aggressive wildfire . . . resources. 可知, 对野火的控制使得加利福尼亚州的森林里挤满了小树, 它们与大树争夺资源, 也就是对野火的控制是善意的, 但对大树产生了不利的影响。
3.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据最后一段the biggest factors . . . season可知, 造成加利福尼亚州水资源短缺的最大因素是温度升高, 这导致树木向空气中流失更多的水分, 以及更早的融雪, 这减少了旱季对树木的供水量。
4.【解析】选A。主旨大意题。通读全文可知, 自20世纪30年代以来, 加利福尼亚州已经损失了一半的大树, 文章分析了引起该现象的几个主要因素。全文围绕“加利福尼亚州森林的大树都去哪儿了”这一话题展开。
_____
高考题型组合练

Section A
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A.common B.determine C.effort D.effect E. discourages F. lack
G.advances H.illegal I.applications J.outcomes K. moral

A recent study, while showing a generally positive attitude toward science, also suggests a widespread worry that it may be "running out of control". This idea is dangerous.
Science can be a force for evil as well as for good. Its ___17___ can be channeled either way, depending on our decisions. The decisions we make, personally or collectively, will ___18___ the outcomes of science. But here is a real danger. Science ___19___ so fast and is so strongly influenced by businesses that we are likely to believe whatever decisions we come to will make little difference. And, rather than fighting for the best possible policies, we may step back and do nothing.
Some people go even further. They say that despite the ___20___ and legal objections (反对), whatever is scientifically possible will be done-somewhere , sometime. They believe that science will get out of control in the end. This belief is dangerous too, because it fuels a sense of hopelessness and ___21___ them from making efforts to build a safer world.
In our interconnected world, the ___22___ of agreement in and out of the world of science can lead to the failure to control the use of science. Without a ___23___ understanding, the challenges of "controlling" science in this century will be really tough. Take human cloning for example. Despite the general agreement among scientists on its possible huge ___24___ on traditional moral values, some countries still go ahead with the research and development of its related techniques. The ___25___ are hard to predict.
Therefore, discussions on how science is applied should be extended far beyond scientific societies. Only through the untied ___26___ of people with hope, can we be fully safe against the misuse of science and can science best serve mankind in the future.
【答案】17. I 18. B 19. G 20. K 21. E 22. F 23. A 24. D 25. J 26. C
【解析】
这是一篇议论文。最近的一项研究虽然显示了人们对科学普遍的积极态度，但也表明人们普遍担心科学可能会“失控”。这种想法是危险的。
【17题详解】
考查名词。句意：根据我们的决定，它的应用可以以任何一种方式引导。根据Its 形容词性物主代词后可知，此处要用名词，结合Science can be a force for evil as well as for good.可知，要用名词复数形式。applications“应用”符合题意。故选I。
【18题详解】
考查动词。句意：我们个人或集体做出的决定将决定科学的结果。根据情态动词will可知，此处用动词原形。determine“决定”符合题意。故选B。
【19题详解】
考查动词。句意：科学发展如此之快，受商业的影响如此之大，以至于我们很可能相信，我们做出的任何决定都不会有什么不同。根据and is可知，时态是一般现在时，主语为Science，要用第三人称单数形式。advance“发展，前进”符合题意，advances so fast“进步如此快”。故选G。
【20题详解】
考查形容词。句意：他们说，尽管存在道德和法律上的反对，任何科学上可能的事情都将在某个地方、某个时间被完成。根据and legal可知，此处用并列的形容词修饰名词objections。moral“道德的”符合题意。故选K。
【21题详解】
考查动词。句意：这种信念也很危险，因为它助长了一种绝望感，使他们不愿努力建设一个更安全的世界。根据并列连词and 可知，此处缺少谓语动词，时态为一般现在时。discourage“阻止，使气馁”符合题意，discourage sb. from doing sth.“阻止某人做某事”。故选E。
【22题详解】
考查名词。句意：在我们这个相互联系的世界里，科学界内外缺乏共识可能会导致无法控制科学的使用。根据冠词the可知此处用名词，lack“缺少”，the lack of sth.“缺少某物”。故选F。
【23题详解】
考查形容词。句意：如果没有一个共同的认识，本世纪“控制”科学的挑战将是非常艰巨的。根据冠词a和名词understanding可知，此处用形容词。common“共同的”符合题意。故选A。
【24题详解】
考查名词。句意：尽管科学家们普遍认为它可能对传统道德价值观产生巨大影响，但一些国家仍然继续研究和开发它的相关技术。根据形容词huge可知，此处要用名词。effect“作用，影响，效果”符合题意，effect on “对……的影响”。故选D。
【25题详解】
考查名词。句意：结果很难预测。根据冠词the可知用名词，谓语动词为are 可知，此处用名词复数形式。outcomes“结果”符合题意。故选J。
【26题详解】
考查名词。句意：只有通过有希望的人们的不懈努力，我们才能完全安全的防止科学的滥用，科学才能在未来更好的为人类服务。根据形容词untied可知，此处要用名词。effort“努力”符合题意，united effort“共同努力”。故选C。

Section B Translation
1. 尽管她已竭尽全力，还是找不到工作。（despite）（汉译英）
【答案】Despite her earnest efforts, she could not find a job.
【解析】
【详解】考查介词和简单句。表示“尽管”可知要用表示让步的介词despite，后可接名词；表示 “竭尽全力”应用名词earnest efforts。描述发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时。故翻译为Despite her earnest efforts, she could not find a job。
2. 据报道，父母之间的关系将大大影响孩子的学习成绩。(It) （汉译英）
【答案】It’s reported that the relationship between parents can greatly affect their kid’s academic scores.
【解析】
【详解】考查it作形式主语。表示“据报道”应用it作形式主语，句式为 It’s reported that...；表示“大大影响”是can greatly affect；表示“他们孩子的学习成绩”应用their kid’s academic scores。故翻译为It’s reported that the relationship between parents can greatly affect their kid’s academic scores。
3. 有六十多个社会团体将参与本次艺术节，这听起来太棒了。（which）（汉译英）
【答案】More than 60 social associations will take part in this art festival, which sounds great.
【解析】
【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。表示“六十多个”应用more than 60；表示“社会团体”应用social associations；表示“参与”应用动词短语take part in。“这听起来太棒了”是一个非限制性定语从句，修饰整个主句内容，关系词在从句中作主语，用which引导该从句。故翻译为More than 60 social associations will take part in this art festival, which sounds great。
4. 消息传来，导演们计划拍摄一部纪录片以向身边的志愿者们表示敬意。（honor）
【答案】Word came that the directors planned to make a documentary in honor of the volunteers around them.
【详解】考查固定句型、时态和短语。句子陈述过去的事情，应用一般过去时；“消息传来”可表达为word came that...，that引导同位语从句对word进行解释说明；“计划做某事”表达为plan to do sth.，作从句谓语动词；“拍摄记录片”表达为make a documentary，“向……表达敬意”表达为in honor of，“志愿者”表达为volunteer，此处应用其复数形式。结合其他汉语提示，故翻译为Word came that the directors planned to make a documentary in honor of the volunteers around them.