高考英语二轮复习语法精讲精练专题十二：非谓语动词（含解析）

这是一份高考英语二轮复习语法精讲精练专题十二：非谓语动词（含解析），共12页。试卷主要包含了动词不定式的形式，动名词的语法功能等内容，欢迎下载使用。

非谓语动词是高考必考点，《2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》附录语法项目表中对非谓语动词列了三项：动词不定式、动名词和分词（包括现在分词和过去分词）。
2015年高考全国卷Ⅰ第68题和70题（语法填空）分别考查了过去分词cnducted和现在分词living做后置定语。
2016年高考全国卷Ⅰ第66题和67题（语法填空）分别考查了过去分词表示被动和动名词做宾语。
2017年高考全国卷Ⅰ第63题和68题（语法填空）分别考查了动词不定式做宾补和动名词做宾语。非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动名词和分词，其中分词又包括现在分词和过去分词。
非谓语动词可以充当除了谓语之外的其他成分，如下表：
动词不定式
一、动词不定式的形式
动词不定式的用法
动词不定式可以充当谓语之外的所有句子成分，动词不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语，没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化。
1．作主语
（1）动词不定式作主语，一般表示具体的某次动作，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①T see is t believe.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②T master English is f great imprtance.
（2）不定式或不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语，构成“It is + adj+fr sb.+t d”结构,或It is +adj+fr sth +t be dne。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①It is impssible fr him t give up smking.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②It is nt easy t find yur way in the muntain.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③It is difficult fr the prblem t be slved.
= 4 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ④It is impssible fr my questin t be answered in his absence.
2.作宾语
（1）动词不定式作宾语时，常跟在某些及物动词后面，常见的有：agree，dare，decide，expect，help，hpe，learn，manage，ffer，pretend，prmise，refuse，want, intend, fail, wish, chse等。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①I mean t g there at nce.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②We must learn t tell friends frm enemies.
（2）不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式短语放在宾补之后，而用it作形式宾语。句型为“主语+find (feel, think, believe, cnsider,etc) +it+形容词/名词+t d sth”。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①I think it necessary t reprt the thing t the teacher.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②I find it interesting t wrk with him.
（3）动词不定式还可以用作介词except、but和besides的宾语，如果介词前为动词d的某种形式，则后面接不带t的不定式，否则带t。cannt chse but、cannt help but和cannt but后的不定式也省略t。常用句型有：
There is nthing t d but+d 例如：
There is nthing t d but wait.
d nthing but/except+d 例如：
We can d nthing but wait.
cannt help/chse but+d 例如：
We cannt chse but wait.
have n chice but t d 例如：
We have n chice but t wait.
3．作表语
动词不定式作表语，常放在系动词之后，表示将来的动作，主语常常是表示意向、打算、计划的词，如wish，task，purpse，duty，jb等。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①T teach is t learn.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②My jb is t help the patient.
【注意】如果在主语中（通常在主语从句或修饰主语的定语从句中）有实义动词d时，作表语的动词不定式省略t。例如：
All I want t d nw (What I want t d nw) is fill my stmach.
4.作定语
不定式可以放在名词、代词、序数词、the nly和形容词最高级等后面作定语。常被不定式修饰的名词有：chance，need，prmise，time，pprtunity，way等。不定式常表示将来的动作。
（1）不定式与被修饰的名词往往构成逻辑上的关系。如果不定式与该句的主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，则不定式用主动形式；如果不定式与该句的主语不构成逻辑上的主谓关系，则不定式用被动形式。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①He is nt a man t tell lies.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②There will nt be enugh space t stand in n the earth.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③--- I will g hme tmrrw,d yu have anything t be taken t yur parents?
---N,thanks.
（2）作定语的不定式与所修饰的名词之间是动宾关系， 而且不定式动词又是不及物动词时，应在该动词上加上一个介词。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①He has a nice pen t write with.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②He is lking fr a rm t live in.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③It is said that the best way t travel by is n ft.
5．作状语
不定式作状语时，可表示目的、原因、结果或条件。例如：
I’m very glad t hear the news. （原因)
不定式作目的状语时，常可构成in rder t, s as t 例如：
He gt up early s as nt t be late.
不定式可以跟在表语的形容词之后作状语。例如：
The questin is difficult t answer.
有些不定式短语可以做独立成份，通常放在句首，有时置于句中或句未，须用逗号的开，如：t begin with，t be hnest，t tell yu the truth等。例如：
T be hnest，my English is pr.
不定式作结果状语常用如下句型：
T + 形容词/副词 + t d sth 例如：
He is t yung t g t schl.
形容词/副词 + enugh + t d sth 例如：
He is ld enugh t dress himself.
enugh+名词 +t d sth 例如：
I have enugh mney t buy a car.
such +（形容词）名词 +as t d sth 例如：
He is such a clever by as t wrk ut the questin quickly.
s + 形容词/副词 + as t d sth 例如：
He is s clever a by as t wrk ut the questin quickly.
【注意】不定式作状语，其逻辑主语与句子主语必须一致。
【注意】不定式可以放在nly后面表示未曾预料的结果。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①He hurried t the railway statin，nly t find that the train had left.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②I gt t his huse ,nly t be tld that he wasn’t in.
6.作补语(宾语补足语和主语补足语），有两种情况：
（1）接带t的不定式作宾语补足语，这类动词或动词短语有：ask, tell, invite, frce, get, beg, allw, help, wish, want, like, hate, prefer, expect, encurage, advise, persuade, instruct, permit, request, rder, warn, cause, urge, call n, depend n, lng fr, wait fr等，构成V+sb.+t d结构。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①I didn’t mean yu t hear it.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②We are lnging fr the new term t begin.
（2）在感官动词（see, hear, feel, listen t , ntice, watch, bserve等）和使役动词（let, have,make ）后的补足语中，不定式不带t。但这类句子变成被动语态时，必须带t。（注意：let, have不用于被动语态）例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①I saw him play in the park.
→He was seen t play in the park.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②The bss made thse men wrk day and night.
→Thse men were made t wrk day and night.
注意：tell、advise等动词后面可以接“连接代词或连接副词+t d”作宾语补足语。例如：
Yu did nt tell me hw t prnunce the wrd.
动名词
动名词的基本形式是由动词末尾加-ing形式构成，动名词具有动词和名词的特点：动词的特点体现在它可以有自己的宾语、状语和补足语，有时态和语态的变化；名词的特点体现在它可以作主语、宾语、表语和定语。
一、动名词的时态、语态和否定形式
动名词的时态有一般式和完成式；语态有主动和语态和被动语态；动名词的否定式是直接在其前面加上nt。以d为例，列表说明如下：
动名词的时态。动名词的一般式表示的动作通常是一般性的动作，即不是明确地发生在过去、现在或将来的动作，或者是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生的动作；完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①I am interested in playing basketball.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②He didn’t mentin having met yu at the meeting.
动名词的语态。如果句子的主语是该动名词动作的承受者，即句子的主语与动名词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，则动名词要用被动形式。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①She didn’t mind being left at hme.(句子的主语she与动词leave构成动宾关系，且动作基本同时发生。)
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②I frgt having been tld abut it. (句子的主语I与动词tell构成动宾关系，且动作已经完成。)
二、动名词的语法功能
1.作主语：动名词做主语可以放在句首，有时候也可以用it做形式主语，常常构成一些固定句型，如：It’s a waste f time ding...；It’s n use/gd ding...例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①Teaching is my full-time jb.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②Writing an English cmpsitin is nt easy.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③It’s a waste f time arguing with him.
= 4 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ④It’s n use taking this kind f medicine.
2.作宾语：
（1）作动词的宾语。只接动名词作宾语的常见动词有：resist、mind、suggest、delay、keep、lk frward t、enjy、include、appreciate、imagine、practice、finish、succeed in、cnsider、can’t help、miss等。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①I have just finished ding my hme wrk.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②I suggested asking his brther fr sme mney.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③He keeps buying expensive maps.
【注意】以下几个动词或短语后面跟动名词作宾语和跟动词不定式作宾语意义不同：mean，remember，stp，frget，regret，try，g n。
frgeteq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\c1(t d sth.忘记要做某事,ding sth.忘记已经做过某事))
regreteq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\c1(t d sth.对即将做的事表示遗憾未做,ding sth.对做过的事表示后悔已做))
tryeq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\c1(t d sth.尽力去做某事,ding sth.试着做某事))
g neq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\c1(t d sth.继续做另一件事,ding sth.继续做原来做的事))
remembereq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\c1(t d sth.记着去做某事未做,ding sth.记着做了某事已做))
meaneq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\c1(t d sth.打算做某事,ding sth. 意味着做某事))
t d sth.停下来去做某事
stp
ding sth.停止做某事
例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①Please stp talking.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②Let’s stp t have a rest.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③I regret telling him the secret.
= 4 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ④I regret t tell yu that yu have missed the exam.
（2）作介词的宾语，常用于固定短语和句型中。如：be/get used t,,lk frward t,pay attentin t,get dwn t,think f,be prud f,,,be engaged in,feel like以及have sme/n/any difficulty(truble) in, have fun(pleasure) in, have a gd(hard) time,there is n need/use/gd/harm/hurry(in)等。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①We are thinking f making a new plan fr the next term.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②There is n need arguing with him.
3.作表语：动名词作表语时，句子的主语常常是表示无生命的名词或what引导的名词性从句。作表语的动名词与主语通常是对等关系，表示主语的内容，主语与表语可互换位置。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①My jb is teaching. = Teaching is my jb.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②Her full-time jb is laying eggs.
=Laying eggs is her full-time jb.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③What I hate mst is being laughed at.
4.作定语:动名词作定语表示性质或用途。
a washing machine ＝ a machine fr washing
a swimming pl ＝ a pl fr swimming
分词（现在分词和过去分词）
过去分词只有一种形式，即dne，没有其他变化形式，而现在分词有时态和语态的变化。如下表所示（以d为例）。
分词的语法功能：
1. 作定语:现在分词作定语，可以表示名词的用途，也可以表示主动意义或正在进行的动作或当时的状态，此时现在分词在意义上相当于一个定语从句。过去分词作定语表示被动或完成。一般而言，单个的分词作定语要放在被修饰词之前，分词短语作定语放在被修饰词之后。例如：
a develping cuntry ＝ a cuntry which is develping
a sleeping by＝ a by wh is sleeping
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①The man standing at the windw is ur teacher.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ② Plluted air and water are harmful t peple's health.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③The building built last year was a hspital.
= 4 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ④The meeting being held nw is very imprtant.
【注意】如果两个动词有先后,一般不能用现在分词作定语,而用定语从句，即现在分词的完成主动式having dne以及完成被动式having been dne不能作定语。如，我们不能说：
I have heard f the accident having happened yesterday.而是用定语从句代替：I have heard f the accident that happened yesterday.
再如，我们不能说：
I didn’t find my wallet having been stlen.而用定语从句：
I didn’t find my wallet which had been stlen.
2. 作状语:现在分词作状语。表时间、原因、条件、结果、伴随（方式）等。
特点:1.分词短语作状语,其逻辑主语须与句子的主语一致. 2. 表示时间关系的分词短语有时可由连词while 或when 引导。3.如果主语不一致，要采用独立主格结构。
现在分词的一般式ding和完成主动式having dne作状语时，与句子的主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。ding表示的动作和句子的谓语动词所表示的动作基本同时发生或现在分词的动作正在发生；having dne则表示其动作先于句子的谓语动词的动作发生。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①Hearing the bell,the students entered the classrm.(时间)
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②Hearing the cry fr help, he rushed ut.(时间)
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③While reading the bk, he ndded frm time t time.(时间)
= 4 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ④Having finished his wrk,he went hme.(时间)
= 5 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ⑤Seeing frm the hill, yu can get the whle twn.(条件)
= 6 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ⑥Nt having received an answer,he decided t write anther letter.(原因)
= 7 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ⑦The students ran ut f the classrm, talking and laughing .(伴随)
= 8 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ⑧Ftball is played all arund the wrld, making it the mst ppular sprt.(结果)
过去分词dne和现在分词的完成被动式having been dne作状语时，与句子的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系。而且表示的动作在句子的谓语动词之前就已经发生。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①Given（=Having been given）a wrng number，I culdn’t cntact him ver the phne.（原因）
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②Having been warned many times,they became mre and mre careful in ding the jb.（时间）
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③Seen frm the hill, the whle twn is beautiful.（条件）
= 4 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ④Nt satisfied with the result, we decided t d the experiment again.（原因）
= 5 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ⑤He entered the rm,fllwed by his girlfriend .（伴随）
= 6 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ⑥If allwed, he wuld eat all the fd in the huse.（条件）
【注意】分词作状语时，如果分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致，则通常在它前面加上它的主语构成独立主格结构，即“n. + -ed/-ing”。（非谓语动词及其短语前面带有逻辑主语，逻辑主语的代词又是主格，故常称为“独立主格”。）例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①Her wrk finished（=After her wrk had been finished）, she sat dwn fr a cup f tea.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②There being n taxis（=Because there was n taxis）, we had t walk.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③Weather permitting (=If weather permits), they will g n an uting tmrrw.
= 4 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ④An imprtant lecture t be given tmrrw (=Because an imprtant lecture will be given tmrrw), the prfessr has t stay up late int the night.
= 5 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ⑤He was lying n the grass,his hands crssed under his head(=and his hands were crssed under his head)
有时也用"with(withut)+名词(或代词宾格)+分词"的结构表示伴随状况的独立主格结构。例如：
He fell asleep with the lamp burning.
补充：其他形式的独立主格结构（n. +不定式; n. +介词短语; n. +形容词; n. +副词）例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①He is ging t make a mdel plane, sme ld parts t help.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②The by ges t the classrm,bk in hand.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③S many peple absent, the meeting had t be called ff.
= 4 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ④The meeting ver, they all went hme.
作宾补:
现在分词做宾补的两大特征：一是宾语与现在分词之间与主语之间有主谓关系；二是现在分词所表示的动作正在进行。能跟现在分词作宾语补足语的常见动词有：make、let、have、lk at、see、watch、hear、listen t、ntice、feel。（三让、三看、两听、注意感觉）。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①I heard the girl singing in the classrm.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②I saw a lng queue utside the bank waiting fr it t pen.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③The baby watched his dad shaving his face with interest.
= 4 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ④We saw the teacher making the experiment .
过去分词做宾补的两大特征：一是及物动词的过去分词做宾补与宾语有动宾关系；二是不及物动词的过去分词做宾补与宾语有主谓关系，多用来表示动作已经完成。能借过去分词做宾补的常见动词有：have，make，see，hear，find，leave，want等。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①I've never heard the sng sung in English.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②I saw the hrse tied t a tree.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③Peple fund the thief escaped.
4.作表语:分词放在系动词后面作表语。现在分词作表语指物，过去分词作表语指人。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①The mvie is inspiring.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②He is inspired by the mvie.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③The stry he tld us was very interesting.
= 4 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ④He is interested in English.
高考英语短文改错及语法填空分析与训练·非谓语动词
考点规律分析：短文改错对非谓语动词的考查主要涉及不定式符号 t 的有无，介词后该使用动词的什么形式(用动名词)，并列结构中几个非谓语动词是否一致，动词用作主语时用何种形式(可用动名词或不定式，但不能用动词原形)等。语法填空主要涉及非谓语动词的形式选择。
非谓语动词单句改错之真题训练：
1. David and I wanted g ff t find help but Bill insisted n staying near the car.
2. …rather than g int the frest and getting lst.
3.David pinted t a path which he thught wuld prbably leading t a village.
4. I went back t get David and helped him t std up.
5.Charles and Linda Masn d all f these things as well as climbed building.
6.Mdern peple knw mre abut health, have better fd, and t live in clearer surrundings.
7.The Wrld Health Organizatin and ther rganizatins are wrking imprve health all ver the wrld.
8.…yu pay the cst f send a pstcard, the librarian will write t yu.
let yu t knw when the bk yu want has returned.
10. I want t thank yu again fr have me in yur hme fr the summer hlidays.
11. I had always wanted return t the village after mving away.
12.It was very kind f them t meet me at the railway statin and drve me t their hme.
13.I lk frward t hear frm yu sn.
14. Play ftball nt nly makes us grw up tall and strng but als gives us a sense f fair play and team spirit.
15. I was ften a little tired after a day’s wrk and watch TV demands very little effrt.
16.I’d like very much cme but I have an examinatin n Mnday mrning.
17. I’ll spend the whle weekend reading and prepare fr it.
18. But then there is always mre mysteries lk int.
19.After learn the basics f the subject, nthing else seemed very practical t me.
20. My parents lve me dearly f curse and will d all they can make sure that I get a gd educatin.
21.He did nt want share things with ther peple.
22.That is, a game f tennis making him very busy.
23. As we climbed the muntain, we fed mnkeys, visiting temples and tld stries.
24. But his parents think g t cllege is mre imprtant than playing sprts.
25. …children may nt develp the habit f read and the ability t enjy themselves.
26.…t make children t want things that they dn’t really need.
27. Sn I began t enjy talk t myself n paper as I was learning t express myself in simple English.
28. Shake her head, she said,“It isn’t a gd time t d that, dear.”
29.It’s like ging t a huge library withut have t walk arund t find yur bks.
30. I am thinking f making a trip t Lndn, and visit the British Museum and sme parks.
31. I have sme recrds giving t me as birthday gifts.
32. I dream f standing n the platfrm in the classrm and give lessns t lvely bys and girls.
非谓语动词单句改错之模拟训练：
1. In thse days we were frced wrk twelve hurs a day.
2. It’s very difficult fr a freigner learn Chinese.
3. It was silly f yu believe what he said.
4. He was made wash the bss’s car nce a day.
5. I’ll let yu t knw as sn as I hear frm her.
6. I waved t her but failed attract her attentin.
7. I have already seen the film twice. I dn’t want see it any mre.
8. What I want knw is when all this happened.
9. It was clear that he wanted be alne.
10.Mst children are interested in listen t stries.
11.Walk quickly is difficult fr an ld man.
12. Be careful in crss the street.
13. The film is very interesting. It is wrth see twice.
14.Find wrk is very difficult these days.
15. Mst f us students enjy ask questins in English.
16. Lk, sme f my classmates are practising speak English.
17. Teach a child t sing and dance is very interesting.
18. Learn t speak English is mre difficult than t write it.
19. My friend Jim is very gd at making things and repair things.
20. He decided t g t the suth, find a gd jb and living there.
21. It was very kind f yu t buy us s much fruit and seeing us at the statin.
22. Excuse me, wuld yu t tell me the way t the z?
非谓语动词单句改错之提升训练：
1. A lt f mney has been spent t buy the bk.
2. Yu will have t pay the cst f send a pstcard.
3. What he did was puzzled.
4. I will spend a week reading and prepare fr the examinatin.
5. Charles and Linda d all f these things as well as climbed buildings.
6. Yesterday I had my bad tth pulling ut.
7. I heard her singing a sng which mved me t tears.
8. I made a terrible mistake. I regretted nt t taking yur advice.
9. When we reached the tp f the muntain, we stpped t having a rest befre we went dwn the muntain.
10. There’ll be a gd film tnight, remember t seeing it n time!
11. The game was ver, she went hme.
12. When speaking, yu must make yurself hear.
13. She pretended nt t seeing me when I came in.
14. Abraham Lincln was cnsidered t being ne f the greatest f all American presidents.
15. Fllwing by the fficers, the general inspected the army.
16. There’s smething wrng with my car, and it needs repaired.
17. Dn’t burn the falling leaves n the grund.
18. Lsing in thught, he almst ran int a car in frnt f him.
19. I enjy listen t the classic music.
20. Judge by what he wears, he is a farmer.
学习札记：
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非谓语动词单句改错之真题训练：
1.wanted 后加 t，因为want 后要接不定式
2. getting 改 get，因为 get 与其前的g 并列
3. leading 改为 lead，因为其前有助动词 wuld
4.std 改为 stand，因为 t stand up 在此为不定式结构
5.climbed 改为 climb / climbing，若将 as well as 视为连词，则将 climbed 改为 climb，因为它与其前的 d 并列；若将 as well as 视为介词，则 climbing，因为介词后动词用动名词
6.去掉live 前的 t，因为 live 与其前的 knw, have 并列
7. imprve前加t，t imprve…为表目的的不定式短语
8.send改为sending，因为介词后接动名词作宾语
9.去掉 knw 前的 t，因为其前有动词 let
10.have改为having，因为介词后接动名词作宾语
11.return前加 t，因为 want 后要接不定式
12. drve改为 drive，因为 drive 与其前的 t meet 并列，此处的 drive 为省略 t 的不定式
13. hear改为 hearing，因为其前的 t 是介词
14. 第一个play改为 playing，因为动词原形不能用作主语
15. watch改为 watching，因为动词原形不能用作主语
16. cme 前加 t，因为 wuld like 后接不定式
17.prepare 改为 preparing，因为它与其前的 reading 并列，与其前所用的动词 spend 有关
18.lk 前加 t，此处为不定式作后置定语
19.learn 改为learning，因为介词后接动名词作宾语
20.make 前加 t，因为 t make… 在此用作目的状语，注意句型 d all ne can t d sth
21.want 后加 t，因为want 后要接不定式
22. making 改为made，因为缺谓语，不能用非谓语形式，根据上下文用一般过去时
23.visiting 改为 visited，因为它与其前的 fed 和其后的 tld 并列
24.g 改为 ging，因为动词原形不能用作主语
25.read 改为 reading，因为介词后要接动名词
26.去掉 want 前的 t，因为 want…在此用作使役动词 make 的宾语补足语
27.talk 改为 talking，因为动词 enjy 后要接动名词作宾语
28.Shake 改为 Shaking，现在分词表伴随
29.have 改为 having，介词后用动名词作宾语
30.visit 改为 visiting，因visit与making并列，作介词f的宾语
31.giving 改为 given，“把某物给某人”是give sth t sb；句中recrds与give是被动关系，故用过去分词
32. give改为giving，因它与standing并列，作dream f的宾语
非谓语动词单句改错之模拟训练：
1. wrk 前加 t，此句为 frce sb t d sth 的被动形式。
2. learn 前加 t，此句用的是 it’s difficult fr sb t d sth 句型。
3. believe 前加 t，此句用的是 it’s silly f sb t d sth 句型。
4.wash 前加 t，make sb d sth 中的 d 不能带t，但若 make 用于被动语态，则其后的 d 要带 t。
5. 去掉 t，因为 let 后用作宾语补足语的不定式不能带 t。
6. attract 前加 t，fail t d sth 意为“未能做某事”。
7.see 前加 t，want(想要)后接动词要用不定式。
8. knw 前加 t，want(想要)后接动词要用不定式。
9.be 前加 t，want(想要)后接动词要用不定式。
10. listen 改为 listening，介词后接动名词作宾语。
11. Walk 改为 Walking，用作主语要用动名词，不用动词原形。注意不能将 walk 视为名词，因为其后有副词修饰语 quickly。
12. crss 改为 crssing，介词后接动名词作宾语。
13. see 改为 seeing，wrth 后接动词要用动名词形式。
14. Find 改为 Finding，用作主语要用动名词，不用动词原形。
15. ask 改为 asking，enjy 后接动词作宾语要用动名词形式。
16. speak 改为 speaking，practise 后接动词作宾语要用动名词形式。
17. Teach 改为 Teaching，用作主语要用动名词，不用动词原形。
18. Learn 改为 Learning，用作主语要用动名词，不用动词原形。
19. repair 改为 repairing，因它与 making 并列，一起用作介词 at 的宾语。
20. living 改为 live，因它与其前的 g t…, find… 并列。
21. seeing 改为 see，因它与 t buy 并列，see 为省略 t 的不定式。
22. 去掉 tell 前的 t，因 wuld yu… 后应接动词原形，不接不定式。
非谓语动词单句改错之提升训练：
1. t buy改为buying。
2. send改为sending。介词f后要求用动名词作宾语。
3. puzzled改为puzzling。puzzling表示“令人疑惑不解的”意思。
4. prepare改为preparing。preparing和前面的 reading是并列结构。
5. climbed改为climbing。as well as是介词短语，后面接动名词或名词。
6. pulling改为pulled。have the tth pulled ut表示“请人拔牙”的意思。
7. singing改为sing。从后面可以看出来，“我”听完了整首歌曲，强调动作的全过程，用不定式作宾补。
8. 去掉t，用动名词表示对已发生过的事情的后悔。
9. having改为have。stp的目的是have a rest。
10. seeing改为 see。还未看电影。
11. was改为being。独立主格结构。
12. hear改为heard。make neself heard意为“使别人听到自己的话”。
13. seeing改为 see。pretend后面要求接不定式作宾语。
14. being改为be。cnsider后用不定式作宾补。
15. fllwing改为fllwed。过去分词表被动。
16. repaired 改为repairing。动名词主动形式，表被动意义。
17. falling改为fallen。过去分词作定语，强调动作的完成。
18. lsing改为lst。be lst in thught 表示“陷入深思”。
19. listen改为listening。enjy后面用动名词作宾语。
20. Judge改为Judging。Judging by…为一固定说法。
主语
宾语
表语
定语
状语
补语
不定式
√
√
√
√
√
√
动名词
√
√
√
√
分 词
√
√
√
√
主动
被动
一般式
t d
t be dne
否定式
nt t d
nt t be dne
完成时
t have dne
t have been dne
进行式
t be ding
无
主动语态
被动语态
一般式
ding
being dne
完成式
having dne
having been dne
否定式
nt ding
nt having dne
nt being dne
nt having been dne
及 物 动 词
不及物动词
主 动
被 动
主 动
一般式
ding
being dne
ding
完成式
having dne
having been dne
having dne