高考英语二轮复习倒装句等特殊句式讲义以及练习题（含答案）

第一个我们来学习倒装句，倒装属于单选常考的知识点，而且也是写作中的较高级句式了。

一、倒装：完全倒装、部分倒装、形式倒装（假倒装）

***倒装句口诀：地点全倒装，son也虚假

关于完全倒装

“地点全倒装”的意思是：句子中将表示地点、时间等方位位置或者时间的副词、介词等词提前时，句子要全部倒装。

全部倒装的句式结构：地点+谓语+主语。

1.表示地点方位位置的副词、介词，运动方位的副词(under,there,here,out,in,up,down,away,near,opposite……)、时间的副词(now,then)位于句首时, 句子要全部倒装。

A girl sits under the tree倒装后变为Under the tree sits a girl.

注意完全倒装中，代词做主语不倒装.

如果说这句话是代词做主语：She sits under the tree.那么即使是将描述地点的介词提前，这句话也不倒装，而是变为Under the tree she sits.

练习题（1）A bus comes here.= _______________________________________________________

练习题（2）Your turn comes now.= ____________________________________________________

Here/there句型用一般现在时，代词做主语不倒装；Here you are. Here it is.

关于部分倒装

口诀的下半句中“Son也虚”对应部分倒装，我们来看一下部分倒装的结构。

部分倒装的句式结构：就是将部分倒装标志词提前以后，句子变为一般疑问句语序。

即：标志词+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语+其他……

S：

So/such……that……(注意：“主倒从不倒”，也就是说是so/such所在的主句倒装，that后的从句不用倒)，看例句：

He speaks English so clearly that he can always make himself understood.

=so是标志词，所以so clearly这个意群提前（举个例子来说意群：一辆出租车来了=来了一辆出租车，其中“一辆出租车”这几个字不能拆分，它就是一个意群）,然后再将主句调整为上边说的部分倒装句式结构。

He speaks English so clearly that he can always make himself understood.

=So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood.

练习题（3）He has such an interesting book that we all want to read it.

=_____________________________________________________________________

O：

Only引导的介词短语、状语从句，（only引导的状语从句倒装时，同样是“主倒从不倒”）

例句：Only in this way can we learn English well.

练习题（4）We found out the truth only when he returned.

=_________________________________________________________

Only修饰主语时不倒装。例如：只有他可以完成这项任务 Only he can complete the task.这句话就没有倒装。

N：

No等表示否定意义的词位于句首时,句子要部分倒装。

例如：never, neither, not, hardly, little, few, seldom, scarcely,rarely, at no time, in no condition, in no case, by no means

Not only……but also……;     not until……等等

我们来看两个例句：

e.g. He didn’t make a single mistake.=Not a single mistake did he make.

e.g. Not until he came back did we have supper.(还是主句倒)

练习题(5)____the nurses want a pay increase,but also they want reduced hours as well.

A. Not do only            B . Do not only           C. Only not do         D. Not only do

也:

（高考涉及到这部分的概率并不大，初中学过了）

So +be/助动词/情态动词表示”也是”  neither/nor”也不这样”……     neither……nor既不也不

I was afraid.    So was I (我也是)这句话就是倒装结构。     

Lee can’t speak Chinese, neither can I.

Neither do I know it, nor do I want to know.   neither和nor均是否定词，两句子均要部分倒装

虚:

指虚拟语气的倒装（语气是一种动词形式，表示说话人的意图或态度，英语中有三种语气—陈述，祈使，虚拟。虚拟语气表示所表达的只是一种主观愿望，假象或建议，或者不可能实现的事情）

If引导的虚拟语气的倒装 在if条件句中如果后边是were,had,should可省略if,将were，had,should提前。

大家先简单学习或者复习以下虚拟语气的句子要怎么写。

If it had rained last week, the crops wouldn’t have died.

我们可以看出，这句话是虚拟语气，而且if 后是had 所以，if 省略，had 提前。

句子变为Had it rained last week, the crops wouldn’t have died.

练习题（6）（2017天津高考15.）Ten days are devoted to this training program and____it be unsuccessful, it could be repeated later.

A should             B.could            C.would                D might

注意：这道题很多同学当成了情态动词来做，就没有做对，实际上是虚拟语气的倒装。认真观察and后句子的句子语序就知道了。如果情态动词提到it前，而句子依然是陈述句，肯定是考查倒装句了。

假:

指的是假倒装/形式倒装。

形式倒装（假倒装）主要是指as/though引导的让步状语从句， as/though引导让步状语从句，要形式倒装,表、谓、状提前。(though可倒可不倒)。

这里讲假倒装的句子结构比较复杂，所以建议同学们最好背住例句，这样比较简单，可以通过举一反三，做对题目。

主系表结构，需要表语提到句，即：表语+as+主语+系动词。

e.g.  Tired as he was, he still went on his work.

主谓（宾）结构，需要将谓语动词（宾）提前，即：谓（宾）+as+主语+情态动词/助动词。

行为动词提前，从句主语后用情态动词，如果没有情态动词，那么加上一个do/does/did.

e.g.  Try as he might, he didn’t pass the exam.

 e.g.  Change your mind as you do, you will get not no help.

句子中含有状语，则要把状语提前,即：状语+as+主语+行为动词。

e.g.  Hard as I studied, I could not catch up with them in a very short time.

however/whatever让步状语从句其实也是倒装，我们也可以看一下。

however+adj/adv+主系: However difficult the task may be, we must finish it.

whatever+n+主谓： Whatever reasons you have, you should carry out your promise.

另外，比较状语从句的倒装：as/than 引导的比较状语从句中，如果主语是名词（代词做主语不倒装）而且较长的时候，经常采用倒装结构（可倒可不倒）。但是这块知识高考涉及的概率也比较低。

天津高考真题：I travel to the Binhai New Area by light railway every day, _____ do many businessmen who live in downtown Tianjin.

   A. as           B. which         C. when         D. though

这道题就是因为主句很长，所以as后接动词再接主语。但是本道题不是考察倒装，而是考察状语从句。状语从句基本靠翻译就可以，状语从句不会的，去翻我之前的讲义。

这句同理：Today’s electric cars can’t go as fast as gasoline-driven vehicles because the battery doesn’t offer the same amount of energy as does gasoline combustion.

除了倒装句，高考中最爱考的特殊句式就是强调句了。

二、强调句

陈述句：It is/was +被强调部分+that+其他句子成分。

e.g.It was the axe that help me cut down this tree.

一般疑问句： I s/was it +被强调部分+that+其他句子成分。

特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+is/was+it+that +其他句子成分。

not until强调句：It is/was not until+被强调部分+that+句子其他成分

练习题（6）I did not realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.

=__________________________________________________________________________________.

其他特殊句式，考频较低，不做过多陈述。

三、省略句

定于从句，关系代词作宾语that/which(who,whom)可以被省略。

状语从句，状语从句的主语和主句主语一致，且从句中的谓语为be动词时，可以省略状语从句的主语和be动词。

e.g. While（I was） in Beijing, I paid a visit to the Summer Palace.

不定式的省略，to后边的动词省略。e.g. I asked him to see the film, but he did not want to.通常在be afraid, expect, forget, hope, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, refuse,seem, try, want, wish等，或have to, need to, ought to, be going to, used, 否定形式为not to.

如果是to be……, to have……或者是 to have been……的话，则要保留be, have, have been

Are you a sailor/soldier. I used to be.

四、感叹句

what +a/an+adj+可数名词单数+主谓 

what+adj+可数名词复数+主谓    

What adj+不可数名词+主谓   What fine weather (it is)!

How +adj+ a/an+可数名词单数+主谓

How+adj/adv+主谓（how也可以直接修饰谓语—How + 主谓--—可用于作文—how time flies）

五、反意疑问句—前肯后否，前否后肯

must当必须讲时，反意疑问句部分用needn’t you? mustn’t当“禁止”讲时，其反意疑问句部分是must/may.

You must go now, needn’t you?       You mustn’t smoke here, must/may you?

当must/may/might表推断时，将句子改为“I am sure that/guess that从句，再确定反意疑问句。

You must be hungry now.—I guess that you are hungry now, aren’t you?

You might have heard of it.—I guess that you have heard of it, haven’t you?

You might have heard of it last night.—I guess that you heard of it last night, did not you?

used to do，用usedn’t/didn’t you

ought to do-- oughtn’t/shouldn’t you

当陈述部分带有seldom,hardly,scarcely,never,few,little等词时，反意疑问句用肯定。但如果是由词缀构成的否定意义的词，正常使用反意疑问句。

e.g He could hardly walk without a stick, could he?

   He dislikes playing tennis, doesn’t he?

含有宾语从句的反意疑问句

主句主语是二、三人称，反意疑问句与主句保持一致。主句主语是第一人称，且谓语是think, believe, guess等时，

反意疑问句与从句保持一致，但是要注意主句的否定（主句的否定实际是在否定宾语从句的内容）

e.g He said he would not go with me, didn’t he?

   I don’t think he will go with me, will he?

祈使句：肯定—will/won’t you?    否定—will you.   Open the door, will you?/won’t you?

        Let’s—shall we          Let the boy/us/…—will you.   Let’s go swimming, shall we?   Let us go back home, will you?

六、主谓一致

并列主语情况：and连接两个名词，且第二个名词不用冠词的情况下，那么两个名词表示同一人/物。

That singer and film star is kind.

被every, each, many a等限定的词用and连接时，仍然用第三人称单数。Each boy and each girl has an apple.

or, nor, either…or…; neither…nor…; not only…but also…就近原则

Neither I nor he is favour of her marriage.

名词+as well as, along with,together with, rather than,but,except,like等时，谓语动词看这些词前面的名词。

My friends as well as my teacher____going to school.

某些特殊名词情况：

family, group, class等集体名词做整体，谓语用三单；当做各个成员讲时，用复数。

trousers,pants, jeans, glassses谓语用复数；但前边有a pair of/two pairs of时，看pair的复数去决定。

……+of+名词

首先a lot of/lots of +可数名词/不可数名词

 a quantity of/quantities of; a variety of +可数名词/不可数名词

a number of/numbers of+可数名词

an amount of/a large amount of/amounts of+不可数名词

即使是不可数名词，被amounts of/quantities of修饰时，谓语也用复数形式。

e.g. Large amounts of money__were__spent on the bridge.

课后练习题：

1.Only when Lily walked into the office____that she had left the contract at home.

A. she realized       B. has she realized       C. she has realized     D. did she realize

2.No sooner____stepped on the stage than the audience broke into applause.

A.had Mo Yan          B. Mo Yan had            C. has Mo Yan          D. Mo Yan has

3.Not until he retired from teaching three years ago____having a holiday abroad.

A. he has considered               B. had he considered    

C. he considered                   D. did he consider

4.Never before____seen anybody who can play tennis as well as Robert.

A. had she            B. she had                C. has she             D. she has

5.The headmaster will not permit the change in the course, nor____it a thought.

A. does he even give                B. he even gives            

C. will he even give                D.he will even give

6.Bach died in 1750, but it was not until the early 19th century____his musical gift was fully recognized.

A. while              B. though                 C. that                 D. after

7.It is important to remember that success ____a sum of small efforts made each day and often____years to achieve.

A.is,takes            B. are,takes              C.are,take              D. is, take

8. --I spent two weeks in London last summer.

  --Then you must have visited the British Museum during your stay,____you?

A. mustn’t            B. haven’t              C. didn’t              D. hadn’t

9.Was it because Jack come late for school____Mr.Smith got angry?

A.why                  B. who                   C. where                D.that

10.It  was the culture, rather than the language,____made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.

A. where               B. why                   C. that                 D. what

11. It’s not doing the things we like, but liking the things we have to do____makes life happy.

A. that                  B.which                 C. what                D. who

12. It was 80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Allantic____Zheng He had sailed to East Africa.

A. when                 B. that                  C. after               D. since

13.If ____for the job, you will be informed soon.

A. to accept            B.accept                 C.accepting            D. accepted

14.Always____in mind that your main task is to get this company running smoothly.

A. to keep              B. to have kept          C.keep                 D.have kept

15.Give me a chance,____I will give you a wonderful surprise.

A. if                   B. or                    C. and                 D. while

16. Could it be in the restaurant____you had dinner with me yesterday____you lost your handbag?

A. that;which           B. where;when            C. where;that           D. that,when

17.Not until I had watched the football match between Brazil and Germany____to bed last night.

A.I went                B. I had gone            C. did I go             D. had I gone

18.Little____about her own safety, though she was in great danger herself.

A. did Mary care                         B. Mary did care            

C. Mary does care                        D. does Mary care

19.John as well as the other children who____no parents____good care of in the center.

A.have;is being taken                    B. have; has taken           

C.has;is taken                           D. has; have been taken

20.It is all my fault.By no means____left alone at home.

A. should a two-year-old be                      B. a two-year-old should be

C. should be a two-year-old                      D. be a two-year-old should

21.While I was looking through the news online,____.

A. did a video of lovely bear come up             B. did come up a video of a lovely bear

C. up did a video of a lovely bear come          D. up came a video of a lovely bear

答案：

讲义练习题

（1）Here comes a bus.

（2）Now comes your turn.

（3）Such an interesting book does he have that we all want to read it.

（4）Only when he returned did we find out the truth.

（5）D

（6）It was not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a famous film star.

课后练习题答案：

DADCC  CACDC   ABDCC    CCAAA   D