高考英语二轮复习名词性从句讲义以及练习题（含答案）

1.名词性从句是什么？分为？

    很多同学不理解名词性从句，其实很简单。为了便于理解，我们先从名词说起，名词在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语还有同位语，那么当句子中主语、宾语、表语和同位语由词变为了从句，那这个从句就是名词性从句。我们看例句：

I will tell you a story.这时宾语是一个名词。

I will tell you what our school looks like.这时宾语是一个从句。

2.名词性从句考连接词的选择。那么连接词有哪些？怎么用？

很多讲义把名词性从句引导词分为三类，但是事实上只要分成两类就可以很好地做对题目，也便于记忆。由此我们把它们分成两类记。

1）第一类是：连词/ 连接副词，它们不做句子成分，也就是说，在从句不缺成分的时候使用。

that: that 不做句子成分，没有意思，只起引导作用。

if/whether:是否.  where(wherever), when(whenever), how(however), why

whether,if 区别：

主语从句中，句首只能用whether.主语从句后置时，与表示选择意义的or连用，只能用whether. It does not matter whether …or…

it作形式主语，真正主语在后边时，if/whether均可

宾语从句时一般可通用，但if不能与not连用：I don’t know whether he is coming or not.

表语从句、同位语从句只能用whether. The problem is whether the meeting will be held.

介词后只能用whether  It depends on whether you can do the work well.

总之，在名词性从句里，基本都用whether.

2）第二类是：连接代词，在句子缺成分的时候使用。

what(whatever),who(whoever), which(whichever)

what(whatever)：句子缺成分的时候使用，而且缺的成分是事物。

who(whoever)：句子缺成分的时候使用，而且缺的是人。

which(whichever)：这个很少见，我们一会从练习题里单独说明。这个词一般是强调某个集体中的哪一个才会使用，在名词性(主、宾、表)从句中的用法见例句：

Which boy she likes best is still unknown/is still a mystery)

她最喜欢哪一个男孩还是未知。

比较：连接副词、连接代词

Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station?从句不缺成分，使用连词/连接副词。

I will tell you what our school looks like.从句缺成分，使用连接代词。

***做题步骤：先判断是否是名词性从句，如果是名词性从句，第一步先判断从句是否缺成分，缺成分用连接代词，不缺成分用连词或连接副词，第二步就翻译句子，根据用法选择合适的连接词。

在上述连接词里有的连接词有-ever的形式，我们看一下有无ever的区分。

____leaves the room last ought to turn off the light. 此处用Whoever：无论是谁最后俩开教室都应该关灯。

____will give us a talk is unknown to us all.此处用Who：谁给我们做演讲，我们还不清楚。

最简单的区别就在于句子中陈述是否有“无论，不管”的含义。

3. 主语从句

–e.g. That she will do well in her exam is certain.这样整个从句作为主语，整个句子就显得“头重脚轻”，于是我们就常用it作形式主语

It is certain that she will do well in her exam.

4.宾语从句：

–e.g. Do you know that he has joined the army?

that可以被省略。it 可以作形式宾语，但此时that 不能被省略。(这里我们和定语从句省略关系词做好区分：定语从句关系代词that, which, who, whom在定语从句中承担宾语时，可以省略。）

He has made it clear that he will not give in.

介宾结构，在介词后作宾语。We are worrying about what we should do next.

5.表语从句

(句子作为表语。说明主语是什么或者怎么样)

–e.g. My decision is that all of us are to set out at 6 o’clock tomorrow.

--The problem is whether he will come.

--The problem is where we can stay tonight.

（除了上述连接词之外，有时还会有because     as if /as though(少见)）

（2013 安徽） From space, the earth looks blue.  This is ____ about 71% of its surface is covered by water.

这道题正确答案是C，很多同学会误选为A.一定要明白因果逻辑关系。地球看起来是蓝的是结果，而表面被水覆盖是原因。

6.同位语从句

    (that ，whether, how, when, why, where)

    含义：同位语从句是用整个句子去做同位语，有的同学不知道什么是同位语，我们就可以简单来理解，同位语就是对其前边的一个词语进行具体的解释说明。

看例句： We all have many friends.这里 all等于We,这就是“同位”的含义。当同位语是一个句子时，那这个句子就是同位语从句。

看例句：I have an idea that we should buy some gifts for our parents.显然，idea和that we should buy some gifts for our parents.是相等的关系，后者就是同位语从句。

7.定语从句与名词性从句的区分：

定语从句与同位语从句的区分：                                                                               

It is a fact that you can’t deny.                It is a fact that she has done her best.

如何区分判断？

1）有时候修饰的词不一样：同位语从句前边的一般是抽象的名词(thought, fact, hope,desire, suggestion,idea, news, question, possibility, conclusion, message, doubt, answer, reply, belief…)，而定语从句是更偏向于实际的（如果这一点无法区别，转入下一条）;

2）是否相等，或者转化为主系表结构：由于同位语从句是说明被修饰名词具体内容的，所以它可以转化为同位名词的表语，而定语从句与被它限定的词常紧紧挨在一起，并且可以通过句意判断。

注意：what/how/whether 不可以引导定语从句，但可以引导同位语从句。

      that引导词在同位语从句中不做成分，也就是说同位语从句的从句是完整的,但是在此处that不可省略。

另外有时做题我们又会看到，have no idea，记住后接同位语从句   I have no idea why he did that.

定语从句与主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句的区分：

把从句拿走，看主句缺不缺成分.缺：是主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句中的一种，不缺就是定语从句或同位语从句。而定语从句和同位语从句区分上一条已经学习了。

比较：

Maria has written two novels, both of______ have been made into television series.

这句是定语从句，因为主句完整。

As John said, life is______ happens to you while you are busy making other plans.

这句是表语从句。

8.wh-ever与no matter wh-的区别？

wh-ever既可以引导名词性从句，又可以引导让步状语从句。

no matter wh-只可以引导让步状语从句。

Whatever I said, he wouldn’t listen to me.=No matter what I said, he wouldn't listen to me.He wouldn’t believe whatever I said.

练习

1. I truly believe ____beauty comes from within.

A. that              B. where              C. what              D. why

2.____we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.

A. where             B. How                C. Why               D. When

3.We must find out ____Karl is coming, so we can book a room for him.

A. when              B. how                C. where             D. why

4. If you swim in a river or lake, be sure to investigate ____is below the water surface. Often there are rocks or branches hidden in the water.

A. what              B. who                C. that              D. whoever

5.____Li Bai was born is known to the public, but some won’t accept it.

A. That              B. Why                C. Where             D. How

6.You have to know ____you’re going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.

A. what              B. that               C. where             D. who

7.A ship in harbor is safe, but that’s not ____ships are built for.

A. what               B. whom              C. why               D. when

8.—Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday?

--Yeah, but I have no idea __he did it, that’s one of his favourite universities.

A. when               B. why               C. that              D. how

9.__the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.

A. Why                B. When              C. That              D. What

10.It remains to be seen ____the newly formed committee’s policy can be put into practice.

A. that               B. which             C. what              D. whether

11.The notice came around two in the afternoon ____the meeting would be postponed.

A. when               B. that              C. whether           D. how

12.Modern science has given clear evidence ____smoking can lead to many diseases.

A. what               B. which             C. that              D. where

13.It is good to know ____the dogs will be well cared for while we are away.

A. that               B. whose             C. which             D. what

14.—It’s my treat today. Is there anything particular you would like to have?

  --____you choose is fine with me.

A. Whatever           B. Which             C. Anything what     D.  No matter what

15. People all over the world have a dream ____they will always live a peaceful life.

A. that               B. what              C. which             D. when

16.I think ______he will join us won’t make too much difference.

A. if                 B. that              C. whether           D. what

17.As many as 20 dishes are provided in the dining hall today, and you are free to choose _____suits you best.

A. whatever           B. whenever          C. whichever         D. wherever

18.She was so angry at all ______he was doing ____she walked out without saying a word.

A. that; that         B. what; as          C. which; that       D. which; as

19.It is generally believed that communication skills are becoming _____it takes to be a good teacher.

A. which              B. that              C. how               D. what

20._____is known to us all is that Wang Meng got three golden medals in Vancouver Winter Olympics.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               

A. As                 B. What              C. It                D. That

答案：1-5： A B A A C

      6-10: C A B B D

      11-15:B C A A A

      16-19:C C A D B