第8讲 被动语态【精讲】-中考英语一轮复习培优全攻略（上海专用）

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第3讲 被动语态

【知识梳理1】
被动语态



一、 基本概念: 语态是动词的一种形式，它表示主语和谓语的关系。如果主语是动作的承受者，或者是说动作不是由主语而是由其他人或物完成的，则用被动语态。
二、语态的分类及构成
主动语态
被动语态
1. 动词的语态有两种：一种是主动语态（主语是动作的执行者），另一种是被动语态（主语是动作的承受者）。



强调动作执行者

Washington
cuts down
the cherry tree.


The cherry tree
is cut down
by Washington



强调动作的承受者


2. 被动语态的构成：
1） 助动词be +（not）+（及物动词的）过去分词

此时，由助动词be来反映时态的变化，常见有以下八种形式：
一般现在时
am
+过去分词
is
are
一般过去时
was
+过去分词
were
一般将来时
shall
be+过去分词
will
现在完成时
has
been+过去分词
have
现在进行时
am
being+过去分词
is
are
过去进行时
was
being+过去分词
were
过去将来时
should
be+过去分词
would
过去完成时
had
been+过去分词

2） 情态动词 +（not）+ be +（及物动词的）过去分词
can
be+（及物动词）过去分词
may
must


【例题精讲】
1. People _______ to send up fireworks around the center of the city last Spring Festival.
A) weren’t allowed B) won’t be allowed
C) are not allowed D) haven’t been allowed
2. The 87th Annual Academy Awards (奥斯卡金像奖) ceremony ________ in Los Angeles, USA, on February 22,2015.
A) held B) was held C) was holding D) had been held
3. Nowadays new taxi apps (打车软件) _______to help people travel around more easily.
A) are used B) use C) used D) is used
4. Keep reading English every day, and your reading skills quickly.
A) improve B) will improve C) are improved D) will be improved
5. Great progress ______ in studying the new medicine for cancer recently.
A) will be made B) is made C) has been made D) was made
6. The library of our neighbourhood ___________ ten hours a day.
A) opens B) is open C) has opened D) is opened
7. The river __________ by waste products from the factory. We can find no fish in it.
A) has polluted B) will pollute C) has been polluted D) will be polluted


【巩固练习】
1. It’s terrible to hear that some students _____ when they took a school bus.
A. killed B. are killed C. were killed D. have killed
2. If all businesses go paperless, at least one million tons of paper .
A. will save B. is saved C. will be saved D. saves
3. In some English classes, pictures are used the students learn new words.
A. to help B. to helping C. for being helped D. for having helped
4. The mistakes in the report by the group leaders after class.
A. will be corrected B. is corrected
C. corrected D. have corrected
5. Don’t worry, your package_______ here until you come back, so enjoy shopping here.
A. kept B. was keeping C. has been kept D. will be kept
6. Many graduates by the university to celebrate its 100th birthday last week.
A. have invited B. will invite C. are invited D. were invited
7. –Have you moved into your new flat, Mr. Smith?
– Not yet, the rooms ________ next month.
A. are painted B. are painting C. will paint D. will be painted
8. The 2011 Nobel Prize for Medicine to three scientists last month.
A. awards B. awarded C. was awarding D. was awarded
9. The children _______ by the funny performance in Shanghai Circus World.
A. attract B. attracted C. are attracting D. were attracted
10. A flower show _________ next week in the park and I’ll go to visit it with my family.
A. is holding B. will hold C. has been held D. will be held




【知识梳理2】
被动语态的句法功能
1. 当不知道谁是动作的执行者，或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。

2. 当需要强调动作的承受者而不是执行者时。
e.g.: Her book will be brought tomorrow morning.
3. 汉语中的无主语，在英语中用被动语态 。
e.g.: Smoking is not allowed in public places.
含双宾语的被动语态




将其中一个宾语变为被动句的主语，另一个宾语不变（一般都是把表示人的宾语即间接宾语变为主语；若要把表示物的直接宾语变成被动句的主语，则被动句中需要在表示人的间接宾语前加上与其相搭配的介词）；其它变化同一般情况。
We gave her some books. →She was given some books (by us). →Some books were given to her by us.
He showed me a ticket. →I was showed a ticket (by him). →A ticket was shown to me by him.
My father bought me a new bike. →I was bought a new bike (by my father). →A new bike was bought for me by my father.

短语动词的被动语态

动词短语用于被动语态时，动词短语应当看作一个整体，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。
We can’t laugh at him. → He can’t be laugh at by us.
He listens to the radio every day. → The radio is listened to by him every day.
The nurse is taking care of the sick man. → The sick man is being taken care of by the nurse.
This is a photo of the power station that has been set up in my hometown.
My sister will be taken care of by Grandma.
Such a thing has never been heard of before.
总结：主动语态变为被动语态的方法

主动语态： 主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语
（执行者） （承受者）

被动语态： 主语 + be + 过去分词（+ by + 执行者） （承受者）一般省略口诀1:宾提前变主，主变介by宾，被动be加done, 时态看主动。
口诀2:如遇双宾语，最好变间宾，如若变直宾，间宾前加to / for (pass, lend, buy, write, bring, show, tell…)
口诀3：这些动词真奇怪，主动句中to 离开，被动句中to回来(feel, listen to, hear, let, have, make, look at, see, watch…...)








【例题精讲】
1. The Shanghai Disneyland Plan _______ by the city government. It will be the first Disneyland Amusement Park in mainland China.
A) passed B) has passed C) has been passed D) were passed
2. Black tea ________ in China during the Ming Dynasty is a way to keep tea fresh.
A) invented B) was invented C) is invented D) is inventing
3. The girls________ how to dance a month ago and now they can dance well.
A) were taught B) will be taught C) are taught D) have been taught
4. The boy ____down by a truck when he was running across the road.
A) is knocked B) was knocked C) will be knocked D) has been knocked
5. Half of the Beijing’s private cars _______off the roads due to heavy smog on Friday.
A) order B) are ordered C) ordered D) were ordered
6. After Donghai Bridge ______, it became a new tourist attraction.
A) completed B) complete C) is completed D) was completed
7. I ______ a chance to decide whether I should attend the lecture or not.
A) gave B) was giving C) was given D) had given
8. A Disneyland Park ______ in Shanghai Pudong New Area in the near future.
A) has built B) will be built C) will build D) is built
9. The 22nd Winter Olympics will ________in Sochi early this year.
A) be held B) held C) hold D) being held
10. The old man was upset because his favourite vase ______ by his grandson.
A) breaks B) is broken C) broke D) was broken


【巩固练习】
1. The government has built many parking places for car owners this year. (改为被动语态)
Many parking places for car owners ____ ____ built by the government this year.
2. Many parents in China don’t allow the kids to have their own bank cards. (改为被动语态)
The kids in China to have their own bank cards.
3. The captain will choose ten boys to work as volunteers. (改被动)
Ten boys will________ ________to work as volunteers.
4. We will build a new Disneyland in Pudong New Area. (改为被动语态)
A new Disneyland will__________ __________in Pudong New Area.
5. Some of our bad habits can cause water pollution. (改为被动语态)
Water pollution can ____ ____ by some of our bad habits.


提高题：
The headmaster praised Ben for his honesty.(改为被动语态）
Ben for his honesty the headmaster.
The firemen are using long ladders for rescuing people in tall buildings.(改为被动语态)
Long ladders for rescuing people in tall buildings by the firemen.
Mother will buy Jack a new shirt.(改为被动语态）
A new shirt Jack by Mother.
You had better take the wounded soldiers to hospital at once.(改为被动语态）
The wounded soldiers had better to hospital at once.
The adults tell the children not to swim in that deep river.(改为被动语态）
The children not to swim in that deep river.
Can some aged Chinese understand Russian?(改为被动语态）
Can by some aged Chinese?
The boss made the employees work ten hours a day.(改为被动语态）
The employees were made ten hours a day.
Who looks after the children in the kindergarten?(改为被动语态）
By the children after in the kindergarten?.
The Spring Festival is welcomed by the Chinese all over the world.(改为主动语态)
The Chinese all over the world the Spring Festival.
10. The price of meat has risen from ten yuan to fifteen yuan recently.(保持原句意思)
The price of meat from ten yuan to fifteen yuan recently.




【知识梳理3】
make, see, watch, hear, notice, feel等使役动词和感官动词的宾语后面可以接不带to的不定式作宾补。但在被动语态中，不定式符号to必须补上。





They made him go. → He was made to go. 他被要求去了。
I heard him say good-bye to his friends. → He was heard to say good-bye to his friends.
不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态



常考的有：happen , take part in, belong to, come true, take place, break out, rise
What will happen in 100 years. The meeting will take place tomorrow.
(错) The price has been risen. (对) The price has risen.
(错) The accident was happened last week (对) The accident happened last week.
(错) The price has raised. (对) The price has been raised.
(错) Please seat. (对) Please be seated.
表示主语状态特征的连系动词无被动语态



Prove, appear, be, become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn......
例如：—Do you like the material? —Yes, it ________ very soft.
A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt
在need, require, want, be worth (形容词), deserve后的动名词必须用主动形式
Your idea sounds reasonable. What he said proved to be correct.


The door needs repairing. = The door needs to be repaired.
This room needs cleaning. 这房间应该打扫一下。
This book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。
特殊结构表达被动含义



make sb. heard / understood (使别人能听见/理解自己); have /get sth. done ( 让人做某事或表示遭遇不幸)
I’ll have the bike repaired in no time.
I had my wallet stolen/lost last Sunday when I was shopping.
He got his leg broken when playing football.
I bought these books at a discount and had two hundred dollars saved.

主语是物，谓语是表示主语特征或属性的动词



常见的这类动词有write, read, wear, wash, clean, sell, run, lock等。这些动词常与副词（well/easily...)或否定词连用。
例如：
The machine runs well. This pen writes quite smoothly.
The bookshelf hardly sells. This new book sells well.
The door will not open . ( 这扇门就是打不开。) This dress washes better . ( 这衣服较好洗。 )
The sign reads as follows . ( 这牌子告示如下。 )

It is said that…….据说 It is reported that…….据报道
It is hoped that…….希望 It is believed that…….人们相信
It is announced that…….据宣布 It is (well) known that…….众所周知
It has been decided that…….已经决定 It is supposed that…….人们认为
It is suggested that…….有人建议 It must be remembered that…….务必记住
It is taken for granted that…….被视为当然

被动语态优美句型赏析










【例题精讲】
1. The Chinese food to be the healthiest in the world.
A. considers B. is considering C. is considered D. has considered
2. John , for he went swimming yesterday without permission.
A. would punished B. had punished C. punished D. was punished
3. Mr. Wu was in hospital. when we went to see him, he on.
A. operated B. was operated
C. was operating D. was being operated
4. The new school ______ when the new term begins.
A. finishes B. will finish C. will be finished D. would finish
5. The old scientist said that he to visit their country before long.
A. invited B. had invited
C. was inviting D. would be invited
6. With the help of the Hope Project, more and more new schools in the poor area.
A. built B. have built
C. have been built D. have been building
7. He came out and told us that the work __________.
A. finished B. was finished
C. had finished D. had been finished
8. The programmes _______ easily if you use a short wave radio.
A. can pick up B. pick up
C. picked up D. can be picked up





1．Today, more and more families ________ to take part in community service.
A．encouraged B．encourage C．were encouraged D．are encouraged
2．—Mei Mei, do you know why the two sessions (两会) ________ in spring every year?
—I’ve no idea. Let’s ask our teacher.
A．are held B．is held C．hold D．are holding
3．The graduation ceremony________ in our school hall every year. It has become a tradition.
A．holds B．will hold C．is held D．will be held
4．— Lanlan, did you go home during Qingming Festival?
— No, I ______ not to leave Shanghai.
A．tell B．told C．am told D．was told
5．—Eric, you ________ to go to the teachers’ office just now. What’s up?
—We aren’t allowed to bring phones to school. Er, but I broke the rule.
A．asked B．ask C．are asked D．were asked
6．For a moment he was completely ________ over by the news of his friend’s death.
A．knocked B．knocking C．turned D．turning
7．—As China grows stronger and stronger, Chinese ________ in more schools abroad.
—That’s true. As a Chinese, I feel very proud.
A．teaches B．taught C．is taught D．was taught
8．A new airport________ in the south of our city last year. It is very convenient to go there.
A．built B．will build C．was built D．will be built
9．— Do you know ________ in Tokyo?
— It will be put off, but the date hasn’t been decided yet.
A．when will the 32nd Olympic Games take place B．when the 32nd Olympic Games will be held
C．when will the 32nd Olympic Games be held D．when the 32nd Olympic Games will be taken place
10．Lots of trees _______ on March, 12 in the park near my home.
A．plant B．planted C．were planted D．will be planted
11．The 24th Winter Olympic Games ________ on February 4th, 2022 in China.
A．holds B．held C．is held D．will be held
12．The 31st Summer World University Games ________ in Chengdu in June, 2022. I can’t wait!
A．were held B．will be held C．has been held D．are held
13．What a mess! The house looks like it ________ for months.
A．is cleaned B．wasn’t cleaned C．will be cleaned D．hasn’t been cleaned
14．Great progress ________ in studying the new medicine for AIDS recently.
A．will be made B．is made C．has been made D．was made
15．No matter what difficulties the scientist meets with, he believes all problems can ________ in the end.
A．solve B．to solve C．solving D．be solved
16．People under 18 shouldn’t ________ to Internet Bar.
A．allow to go B．allowed to go C．be allowed to go D．be allowed going
17．—More trees need to be planted in the northwest of China
—Yes. With enough trees, sandstorms（沙尘暴）could ________.
A．protect B．be protected C．stop D．be stopped
18．—Mum, can I go to Jie Fangbei with Kevin? He just got his driver’s license.
—No, I don’t think sixteen-year-olds should ____ to drive in China.
A．allow B．be allowed C．allowed D．be allowing
19．The silk clothes can’t ________ in the washing machine.
A．be washed B．wash C．washed D．washing
20．—Do you know about HUAWEI 5G mobile phones?
— Yes. It's said that they ________ at present.
A．sell well B．are sold well C．sell good D．are sold good
21．Gulliver's Travels _________ so well that it _________ out in all the shops in my town.
A．is sold; sell B．sells; sells C．is sold; is sold D．sells; is sold
22．Yangzhou is a greener city now because more and more trees ________ every spring.
A．were planted B．are planted C．will be planted D．have planted
23．Although a great deal of money ________ at the charity show, the cost of living ________ a lot, so we will need to do much work to help the poor people.
A．was raised; has raised B．was raised; has risen C．rose; was raised D．rose; has risen
24．Worriesin life ________ if you speak out to your close friend.
A．will be reduced B．were reducing
C．will reduce D．were reduced
25．—Do you need any help?   
—No, thanks. We __________ a lot support since last year.
A．have offered      B．have been offered   C．were offered    D．were offering
26．In the past several months a new community park ________ and will be open to the public soon.
A．is built B．was built C．has been built D．will be built
27．— ________ the sports meet might be put off.
—Yes, it all depends on the weather.
A．I’ve been told B．I’ve told C．I’m told D．I told
28．The milk ________ strange. Do you think it’s OK to drink?
A．was tasted B．tasted C．is tasting D．tastes
29．— Where will the 2022 Winter Olympics ________, Cindy?
—In Beijing, the capital of China, the first city to host both Summer and Winter Olympics.
A．be taken place B．take part C．take place D．be taken part
30．I want to buy that kind of cloth because I ________ the cloth ________ well.
A．have told; washed B．have been told; washes
C．have been told; washed D．was told; washes