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第13讲 情态动词【精讲】-中考英语一轮复习培优全攻略(上海专用)
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第5讲 情态动词
【知识梳理1】must
教学建议:
由于此部分是复习课,建议老师采取以教代学的方式让学生各自负责一个知识点进行讲解,其他学生进行提问。老师在过程中进行补充和总结。
情态动词
【例题精讲】
1. The house is dark and quiet, so the Browns ______ have gone to bed.
A. must B. should C. ought D. would
2. – Must I book the flight ticket to Australia by phone?
– No, you ________. You can also do it online.
A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. can’t D. couldn’t
3. We have already tried our best, so we ________ worry about the matter.
A. may not B. couldn’t C. mustn’t D. needn’t
4. ---Mum, will you buy me the new iPad after the High School Entrance Examination?
--- I’m afraid I _______, dear. We are short of money now.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t
5. It ________ be fantastic if more students join in the charity show tomorrow.
A. must B. need C. can D. may
KEYS:ABDAA
【知识梳理2】have to
易错点:改写句子:一般疑问句, 否定句, 反意疑问句,都需要借助助动词do(not), does(not), did(not)。
【知识拓展】have用法小结
实意动词
助动词
注意总结have to和must的区别
【例题精讲】
1. I haven’t got enough money to buy a ticket, so I __________ go home on foot.
A. must B. have to C. ought to D. may
2. His arm is all right. He______ go and see the doctor.
A. has not to B. don’t have to C. haven’t to D. doesn’t have to
3. --Must we finish giving out the posters today?
--Yes, we _______. It can’t be put off any longer.
A. can B. may C. must D. have to
4. When traffic lights are red, we _________ stop and wait.
A. may B. can C. must D. might.
KEYS: BDCC
【知识梳理3】would
【例题精讲】
1. Jenny said she _______her holiday in China.
A. spent B. would spent C. was going to spent D. would spend
2. Excuse me, _______ you please pass me that cup?
A. do B. should C. would D. must
3. When he was there, he______ go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day.
A. would B. should C. had better D. might
4. --- The plane is leaving right now, but Jim hasn’t arrived yet.
--- Well, he said he _____ here on time.
A. came B. would come C. can be D. will be
5. Li Ming said he ________ happy if Brian ________ to China next month.
A. as; come B. was; would come C. would be; came D. will be; come
Keys: DCABC
【知识梳理4】may
【考点拓展】might的用法
u 表示请求允许,语气较委婉(但并不表示过去);
1) ---Might(may) I take this book out?”
---“Yes, you may.” (由于答语是表示给予允许,可用 may,但不能用 might)
2) You may take my dictionary as long as you don’t keep it too long. (不用might)
u 表示推测时, might 并非表示过去,比 may 语气更不确定,表示的可能性更小,有时可用于疑问句的句首。
1)You might be able to persuade him. 你也许能说服他。
2)Might it rain tonight? 今晚会下雨吗?
【例题精讲】
1. ________ you be happy!
A. may B. can C. must D. would
2. ---Could I use your bike?
---Yes, surely you ________ .
A. might B. will C. can D. should
3. Tommy, you ________ play with the knife, you ________ get hurt.
A. won’t; can’t B. mustn’t; may C. shouldn’t; must D. can’t; shouldn’t
4. When he was there, he ________ go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day.
A. would B. should C. had better D. Might
5. --- ________ Jack be here now?
---He ________ be here, but I’m not too sure.
A. Can; may B. Must; needn’t C. May; mustn’t D. Can; can’t
KEYS: ACBAA
【知识梳理5】can
【考点拓展】could的用法
表过去的一般性能力,can的过去式
I could dance when I was a little girl.
表委婉客气地提出请求,不表过去时态,回答:-- Yes, ... can. / No, ...can’t
- Could you give borrow me some money? - Yes I can. / No, I can’t.
could
表对现在或将来的推测,不是过去式,只是语气更委婉;可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句
表示允许别人做某事只能用can,不能用could
注意:情态动词表推测时,语气由强至弱:
肯定句:must > could > may > might
否定句:can’t / couldn’t > may not > might not
【例题精讲】
1. Millie is very busy writing a novel these days, so she ________ watch the game on TV.
A. must B. may C. can’t D. needn’t
2. A: Is Lucy knocking at the door?
B: It______ be Lucy. She is in America now.
A. needn’t B. mustn’t C. can’t D. may not
3. The old man could hardly read or write, ______?
A. can he B. can’t he C. could he D. couldn’t he
4. He can hardly wait to hear the good news, _______ ?
A. can’t he B. can he C. does he D. doesn’t
5. –Can I keep this magazine for two more days?
-- Yes, you ____
A. must B. may C. ought to D. need
6. A: Listen! Is Professor Johnson giving a report in the hall?
B: No, it ______ be him. He has gone to Japan.
A. needn’t B. mustn’t C. can’t D. may not
KEYS: CCABB C
【知识梳理6】should
u 表示“应该,应当”,否定结构should not = shouldn’t
He should work harder. 他应该更加努力。
Crime should be punished. 犯罪应受惩罚。
They should share the umbrella together. 他们应该共用雨伞。
【考点拓展】 should 与 ought to
【例题精讲】
1. Schools _________allow students at least one hour a day for sports.
A. would B. might C. ought to D. could
2. _________we go out for a walk? –That’s a good idea.
A. May B. Must C. Can D. Shall
3. He ______ eat so greedily.
A. shouldn’t to B. ought to not C. ought not D. oughtn’t to
4. —______ I ______ go there alone?
— Yes, you ought.
A. Do…ought B. Will…ought C. Ought... to D. Ought…/
5. You ______ decide now. You can tell me your decision later.
A. don’t have to B. mustn’t C. cannot D. shouldn’t
6. Everyone________ keep the new traffic law and learn how to protect himself.
A. need B. can C. may D. should
7. Let’s play table tennis, ______?
A. will we B. shall we C. Shan’t we D. will you.
KEYS:CDDDA DB
【知识梳理7】need
【例题精讲】
1. — May I go out for a while, Mom?
— No, you ________ . You have to finish your homework first.
A. Shouldn’t B. needn’t C. mustn’t D. won’t
2. — Shall I take my swimming suit?
— No, you ________ . We will just go hiking in the mountain.
A. mustn’t B. couldn’t C. needn’t D. can’t
3. --- Must I stay at home these days?
--- No, you_______ . You can go anywhere.
A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. can’t D. don’t
4. Since you are very tired, you ________ finish the work today. You should go home earlier.
A. needn’t B. may not C. mustn’t D. can’t
5. --- Mum, today is Friday. Must I finish my homework now?
--- No, you ______. You may have a rest first and finish it tomorrow.
A. mustn’t B. can’t C. may not D. needn’t
6. Simon, you ______ do your homework today. Leave it for tomorrow.
A. needn’t to B. not need to C. don’t need D. don’t need to
KEYS:BCBAD D
一、单项选择
1.This book ________ be Linda’s. Look! Joe’s name is on it.
A.can’t B.shouldn’t C.mustn’t D.needn’t
2.— ________ I finish my homework now?
— No, you needn’t.
A.Can B.May C.Must D.Could
3.—________ you lend me your dictionary, Laura?
—Sorry, I can’t. I have just lent it to Eric.
A.Could B.Should C.Must D.Need
4.Lucy ________ play the violin very well and she has won many prizes.
A.can B.may C.need D.might
5.It is cloudy. The radio says it ________snow.
A.must B.might C.need D.should
6.I’m sorry I ________ go now. My English lesson will start in five minutes.
A.may B.must C.can D.could
7.Look at the sign. You ________ take photos in this museum.
A.wouldn’t B.needn’t C.mustn’t D.couldn’t
8.— Mom, I don’t care what my classmates think about me. I just want to be myself.
— Well, I think you ________, because some opinions are worth weighing.
A.can B.might C.should D.could
9.In some cities the air is heavily polluted because of traffic. We ________ work harder to protect our world.
A.may B.can C.might D.should
10.—Nick, ________ you like to join us to the museum?
—Why not? Let’s go.
A.can B.could C.would D.must
11.— Must I write the report by hand, Mrs. Taylor?
— No, you ________. You can write it on the computer.
A.needn't B.mustn't C.can't D.shouldn't
12.If you ______ speak English in front of people, you won’t improve your English.
A.don’t dare B.dares not to C.dare not D.don’t dare not to
13.You ________ take your umbrella. I’m sure it won’t rain.
A.mustn’t B.shouldn’t C.don’t have to D.can’t
14.You’d better ________ too much time playing computer games.
A.not spend B.not to spend C.not spent D.not spending
15.— Sophie, ________ I join you in the community service?
— Of course you can.
A.must B.need C.should D.can
16.—What would you buy for your sister as the birthday gift?
—I ________ buy her a doll, but I haven’t decided yet.
A.may B.must C.will D.need
17.Mike, you ________ play with that knife. You ________ hurt yourself.
A.shouldn’t; need B.can’t; should
C.needn’t; must D.mustn’t; may
18.—Must we finish our reading tasks now?
—No, you ________. You ________ finish it after school.
A.needn’t; may B.mustn’t; may C.can’t; can D.needn’t; must
19.—I can’t find my eraser. ________ I borrow yours?
—Sure. Here you are.
A.Could B.Need C.Must D.Would
20.—How was your holiday in the lake district?
—It ________ be worse! I don’t even want to talk about it!
A.couldn’t B.shouldn’t C.needn’t D.mustn’t
21.Bill has been driving all day. He ________ be tired.
A.need B.must C.shall D.can
22.—Chinese running star Su Bingtian runs so fast! I ________ believe my eyes.
—Yes, we are all proud of him.
A.can’t B.mustn’t C.needn’t D.shouldn’t
23.—Can I park my car here?
—No, you ________. Look at the sign. It says “No parking”.
A.won’t B.wouldn’t C.needn’t D.mustn’t
24.—Lucy, could you give me some suggestions on reading?
—OK. My first suggestion is that you ________ have a good reading habit.
A.will B.can C.might D.should
25.________ you get me some paper, please?
A.Shall B.May C.Need D.Will
26.—Hey, boys! Do you know whom the running shoes belong to?
—Hello, Mr. Clark. They ________ be Jessica’s. She often wears such shoes in our class.
A.must B.can’t C.would D.needn’t
27.You ________ require the other classmates to solve the problem like you. Everyone has his own way.
A.mustn’t B.needn’t C.may not D.wouldn’t
28.The boy is very brave.I ________ he ________ the tall tree.
A.dare say; dares to climb
B.dare to say; dare climbing
C.dare saying; dares climb
D.dare to say; dares climbed
29.Chinese government has promised that China ________ never be the first country to solve international problems by force.
A.can B.shall C.will D.must
30.—I thought you told Amy what would happen if she didn’t follow the rules.
—I did. But she just ________ listen to me no matter what I told her.
A.mustn’t B.shouldn’t C.couldn’t D.wouldn’t
参考答案:
1.A
【详解】
句意:这本书不可能是琳达的。看!上面有乔的名字。
考查情态动词辨析。can’t不可能,通常用于否定句的推测;shouldn’t不应该;mustn’t禁止;needn’t不需要。根据“Joe’s name is on it.”可知,此处是指不可能是琳达的。故选A。
2.C
【详解】
句意:——我现在必须完成作业吗? ——不,你不需要。
考查情态动词。Can可以;May可能;Must必须;Could可以。根据答句“No, you needn’t”可知,由must引导的一般疑问句表示否定回答时需要用needn’t或don’t have to来回答。故选C。
3.A
【详解】
句意:——罗拉,你能把字典借给我吗?——对不起,我不能。我刚刚把它借给了埃里克。
考查情态动词。Could可以;Should应该;Must必须;Need需要。根据“Sorry, I can’t.”可知,含有can或could的一般疑问句表示委婉地提出请求,could使语气更加委婉,故选A。
4.A
【详解】
句意:露西小提琴拉得很好,她得了许多奖。
考查情态动词。can能够;may可能,也许;need需要;might可能。根据“she has won many prizes”可知能把小提琴拉得很好,表示能力用can。故选A。
5.B
【详解】
句意:它是多云的。收音机说可能要下雪。
考查情态动词辨析。must必须;might可能;need需要;should应该。根据“It is cloudy.”可知,多云并不意味着下雪,所以这里应是不确定的推测,用might。故选B。
6.B
【详解】
句意:对不起,我现在得走了。 五分钟后我的英语课就要开始了。
考查情态动词辨析。may可能;must必须;can能够;could可以。根据“My English lesson will start in five minutes”可知,英语课要开始了,所以必须要走了,故选B。
7.C
【详解】
句意:看这个标志。你禁止在这个博物馆里拍照。
考查情态动词辨析。couldn’t不能;needn’t不需要;mustn’t禁止;wouldn’t将不。根据“Look at the sign...take photos in this museum.”及常识可知,应该是“禁止拍照”,应用mustn’t。故选C。
8.C
【详解】
句意:——妈妈,我不在乎我的同学怎么看我。我只想做我自己。——我觉得你应该考虑一下,因为有些意见是值得考虑的。
考查情态动词辨析。can可以;might可能;should应该;could能。根据“because some opinions are worth weighing”可知,因为有些意见值得考虑,所以应该要在乎;故选C。
9.D
【详解】
句意:在一些城市,由于交通堵塞,空气污染严重。我们应该更加努力地保护我们的世界。
考查情态动词辨析。may可能;can能够;might可能,may的过去式;should应该。根据上文“the air is heavily polluted because of traffic”可知,空气污染严重,因此这里是说我们应该更加努力保护我们的世界。故选D。
10.C
【详解】
句意:——Nick,你愿意和我们一起去博物馆吗?——为什么不呢?我们去吧。
考查情态动词辨析。can可以;could可以;would将;must必须,根据“Why not? Let’s go”可知,空缺处应该是表征求意见,would like to do sth“想要做某事”表征求意见,故选C。
11.A
【详解】
句意:——我必须手写报告吗,泰勒夫人?——不,你不必。你可以把它写在电脑上。
考查情态动词。needn’t不需要;mustn’t禁止;can’t不可以;shouldn’t不应该。由must引导的一般疑问句的否定回答用don’t have to/needn’t;故选A。
12.C
【详解】
句意:如果你不敢在人们面前说英语,你的英语就不会提高。
考查情态动词。dare表示“敢于”,作实义动词时,后接动词不定式,排除A选项;否定形式是在实义动词前加助动词don’t,排除D选项。主语you是第二人称,动词要用原形,排除B选项。作情态动词,dare (not) do sth“(不)敢于做某事”,后接动词原形,故选C。
13.C
【详解】
句意:你不必带伞,我确信不会下雨。
考查情态动词。mustn’t禁止;不可以;shouldn’t不应该;don’t have to没必要;can’t不可能。根据“I’m sure it won’t rain”可知,此处指确信不会下雨,所以没有必要带伞。故选C。
14.A
【详解】
句意:你最好不要在玩电脑游戏上花太多时间。
考查情态动词had better。根据“You’d better…too much time playing computer games.”可知,本题考查情态动词had better+动词的原形,其否定形式是had better not+动词的原形。故选A。
15.D
【详解】
句意:——苏菲,我可以加入你的社区服务吗?——当然可以。
考查情态动词辨析。must必须;need需要;should应该;can可以。根据答语“Of course you can.”可知,问句是“我可以加入你的社区服务吗?”,因此用“can”。故选D。
16.A
【详解】
句意:——你会给你妹妹买什么作为生日礼物?——我可能会给她买个娃娃,但我还没决定好。
考查情态动词辨析。may可能;must一定;will将会;need需要。根据“...I haven’t decided yet.”可知,对于妹妹的礼物,“我”还没做好决定,所以“我买娃娃送给妹妹”只是可能发生的事情,“may”符合题意。故选A。
17.D
【详解】
句意:迈克,你不应该玩那把刀。 你可能会伤到自己。
考查动词辨析。shouldn’t不应该;need需要;can’t不能;should应该;needn’t没必要;must必须;mustn’t禁止;may可能。根据“play with that knife”和“hurt yourself”可知,因为可能会伤到自己,所以禁止迈克玩刀,第一空用mustn’t,第二空用may,故选D。
18.A
【详解】
句意:——我们必须现在完成阅读任务吗?——不,你们不必。你们可以放学后完成它。
考查情态动词。needn’t没必要;may可以;mustn’t不许,禁止;can’t不能;can可以;must必须。根据“Must we finish our reading tasks now?”和“No”可知,对must引导的一般疑问句,否定回答用needn’t,排除B、C项;再根据“You ... finish it after school.”可知,此处要用may表示许可。故选A。
19.A
【详解】
句意:——我找不到我的橡皮了。我可以借你的吗?——当然。给你。
考查情态动词辨析。Could可以;Need需要;Must必须;Would将会。结合语境可知第一个人向第二个人借用橡皮,这里用情态动词could,表示请求或许可,语气比can更委婉。故选A。
20.A
【详解】
句意:——你在湖区的假期过得怎么样?——太糟糕了!我根本不想谈这个!
考查情态动词辨析。couldn’t不能;shouldn’t不应该;needn’t不需要;mustn’t禁止。根据“It...be worse! I don’t even want to talk about it!”可知,此处是can’t/couldn’t be worse短语,意为“不可能更糟,糟糕透了”,故选A。
21.B
【详解】
句意:Bill已经开了一整天的车了。他一定累了。
考查情态动词表推测。need需要;must一定;shall将,会;can能够。根据“Bill has been driving all day.”可知,Bill一定很累了。此处用must表示肯定推测。故选B。
22.A
【详解】
句意:——中国跑步明星苏炳添跑得真快!我不敢相信我的眼睛。——是的,我们都为他感到骄傲。
考查情态动词。can’t不能;mustn’t禁止;needn’t不需要;shouldn’t不应该。根据“Chinese running star Su Bingtian runs so fast!”可知,苏炳添跑得太快了,因此我无法相信我的眼睛,故选A。
23.D
【详解】
句意:——我可以把车停在这里吗?——不,你不可以。看看那块标志牌。上面写着:禁止停车。
考查情态动词的否定式。won’t不会;wouldn’t不会;needn’t不需要;mustn’t不可以,表禁止。根据“No parking”可知此处禁止停车,因此应回答“不可以”。故选D。
24.D
【详解】
句意:——露西,你能不能给我一些阅读上的建议?——好的。我的第一个建议是你应该有一个良好的阅读习惯。
考查情态动词辨析。will将会;can能、会;might可能;should应该。根据主语“My first suggestion”可知,应是你应该有良好的阅读习惯,表示对别人提出建议。故选D。
25.D
【详解】
句意:请问你能给我一些纸吗?
考查情态动词。shall可以,表示请求,常与第一人称连用,表示请求对方允许自己做某事;may可以,表示请求,常与第一人称连用,表示请求对方允许自己做某事;need需要;will表示请求,意为“……好吗”,常用于第二人称,表示请求对方帮助自己做某事;根据“...you get me some paper, please?”可知,此处表示请求对方帮助自己做某事,人称是第二人称。故选D。
26.A
【详解】
句意:——嗨,孩子们!你们知道这双跑步鞋是谁的吗?——你好,Clark老师。它们一定是Jessica的。她经常在我们班里穿这样的鞋子。
考查情态动词词义辨析。must必须,或表示比较很有把握的肯定推测,意为“一定,准是”;can't不能,或表示否定的猜测,意为“不可能”;would会,will的过去式,表示过去的意愿,或表示委婉的请求;needn't不需要。根据“She often wears such shoes in our class”可知她经常穿这样的鞋子,由此可以比较有把握地推测这双鞋子一定是Jessica的。故选A。
27.B
【详解】
句意:你不必要求其他同学像你一样解决这个问题。。每个人都有自己的方式。
考查情态动词辨析。mustn’t禁止;needn’t不需要;may not可能不;wouldn’t将不会。根据“Everyone has his own way.”可知,每个人的方式不一样,因此不需要要求其他人和你一样;故选B。
28.A
【详解】
句意“这个小男孩非常的勇敢,我敢说,他敢爬上那棵高的树”。dare既可作情态动词,也可作实意动词。做情态动词时,无人称与数的变化,且空后用动词原形;做实意动词时,有人称和数的变化,用dare to do sth。第一空排除C。第二空即可写成dare climb也可写成dares to climb,故选A。
29.B
【详解】
句意:中国政府承诺,中国永远不会成为第一个以武力解决国际问题的国家。
考查情态动词。can能;shall表说话人的意愿,用于第二、三人称陈述句时,有命令,允诺等意思;will将要;must必须,根据空前的“Chinese government has promised that China”以及主语“China”是第三人称,并结合语境可知,应该用shall,表“允诺”,故选B。
30.D
【详解】
句意:——我以为你告诉艾米如果她不遵守规则会发生什么。——是的。但不管我告诉她什么,她就是不听。
考查情态动词。mustn’t禁止; shouldn’t不应该; couldn’t不能; wouldn’t不会。根据连词But转折可知,她总不听。根据“what I told her”可知是过去时态,主句用wouldn’t,故选D。
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